1 00:00:00,560 --> 00:00:03,760 Speaker 1: Welcome to Stuff you missed in History Class from how 2 00:00:03,800 --> 00:00:14,400 Speaker 1: Stuff Works dot com. Hello and welcome to the podcast. 3 00:00:14,560 --> 00:00:18,120 Speaker 1: I'm Katie Lambert and I'm Sarah Dowdy. Today we're going 4 00:00:18,200 --> 00:00:22,239 Speaker 1: to start our episode with a housekeeping tip from King Ludwig, 5 00:00:22,320 --> 00:00:26,600 Speaker 1: the second builder of Neuche Bonstein and patron of Wagner. 6 00:00:27,000 --> 00:00:29,160 Speaker 1: Sarah take it from here, all right. So, if you 7 00:00:29,240 --> 00:00:32,960 Speaker 1: enjoy really opulent multi course dinners with your imaginary friends, 8 00:00:33,320 --> 00:00:36,080 Speaker 1: but you don't want a bunch of servants and footman 9 00:00:36,880 --> 00:00:39,960 Speaker 1: interrupting the changing of the course, is interrupting the service, 10 00:00:40,320 --> 00:00:43,960 Speaker 1: you should install a trap door dinner table. So that way, 11 00:00:44,040 --> 00:00:47,240 Speaker 1: when you're done with your plate, or when Louis fourteenth 12 00:00:47,360 --> 00:00:49,880 Speaker 1: is done with his plate, you simply press a button 13 00:00:50,280 --> 00:00:53,360 Speaker 1: and then wait in your settings will descend into the floor, 14 00:00:53,440 --> 00:00:57,680 Speaker 1: and soon enough the whole table will reappear, freshly laid out, 15 00:00:57,880 --> 00:01:01,120 Speaker 1: new food, new plates, and you can get back to 16 00:01:01,240 --> 00:01:05,120 Speaker 1: entertaining your guests. That is a true story, and it's 17 00:01:05,160 --> 00:01:08,520 Speaker 1: no wonder that Ludwig is part of a popularly requested 18 00:01:08,560 --> 00:01:12,760 Speaker 1: trio of topics, the king himself, his castles, and his composer. 19 00:01:13,200 --> 00:01:16,600 Speaker 1: And there's a lot of lovable weirdness here in this story, 20 00:01:16,720 --> 00:01:21,959 Speaker 1: and some eccentricities, plus some enormous building projects and bizarre 21 00:01:22,040 --> 00:01:24,840 Speaker 1: royal families, which you know how much we love those, 22 00:01:24,920 --> 00:01:28,440 Speaker 1: and you know who knows. We might even mention our 23 00:01:28,480 --> 00:01:32,720 Speaker 1: most favorite theme of all, which are most loyal listeners 24 00:01:32,760 --> 00:01:36,480 Speaker 1: will know what that is right away. But to start off, 25 00:01:36,560 --> 00:01:39,080 Speaker 1: we're gonna go for another common theme, which is sad 26 00:01:39,160 --> 00:01:42,640 Speaker 1: royal childhoods. So Ludvig the Second, who is also known 27 00:01:42,680 --> 00:01:46,360 Speaker 1: as Louis the Second, was born in Munich at Nimfenburg 28 00:01:46,480 --> 00:01:51,520 Speaker 1: Palace on August, which interestingly was the same day and 29 00:01:51,680 --> 00:01:55,520 Speaker 1: same hour that his grandfather and namesake was born, and 30 00:01:55,600 --> 00:01:58,960 Speaker 1: he is a vital Spock, a member of Europe's longest 31 00:01:59,040 --> 00:02:03,320 Speaker 1: ruling dynasty. They ruled Bavaria continuously from eleven eighty to 32 00:02:03,440 --> 00:02:05,800 Speaker 1: nineteen eighteen, which is when the last of their line 33 00:02:05,880 --> 00:02:08,480 Speaker 1: was forced to abdicate at the end of World War One, 34 00:02:09,080 --> 00:02:13,760 Speaker 1: and initially this family ruled as dukes and duke electors. 35 00:02:13,800 --> 00:02:17,200 Speaker 1: Some were Holy Roman emperors, but by eighteen o six 36 00:02:17,320 --> 00:02:21,000 Speaker 1: their duchy is raised to a kingdom by Napoleon and 37 00:02:21,040 --> 00:02:24,960 Speaker 1: they become kings. Max the First, Ludvig the Second Great 38 00:02:25,000 --> 00:02:29,239 Speaker 1: grandfather is the first vittle spot king, but Livig grandfather, 39 00:02:29,440 --> 00:02:32,679 Speaker 1: King Ludvig the First, is more famous for his womanizing 40 00:02:32,720 --> 00:02:37,120 Speaker 1: than anything else, and he's even decorated the Nippenberg Palace 41 00:02:37,240 --> 00:02:40,399 Speaker 1: with portraits of all these gorgeous society women. It's called 42 00:02:40,400 --> 00:02:42,680 Speaker 1: the Gallery of Beauties. You can still see it today. 43 00:02:42,960 --> 00:02:45,840 Speaker 1: I liked author Michael White described it as a room 44 00:02:45,840 --> 00:02:48,720 Speaker 1: of high class pin ups. But um, this is a 45 00:02:48,760 --> 00:02:52,960 Speaker 1: pretty conservative state, so people would like their king to 46 00:02:53,200 --> 00:02:56,919 Speaker 1: at least keep this discreet. And he loses it completely 47 00:02:57,000 --> 00:03:00,240 Speaker 1: when he meets Lola Montez, who is a beautiful old 48 00:03:00,240 --> 00:03:03,120 Speaker 1: Irish woman who's pretending to be a Spanish aristocrat. She 49 00:03:03,280 --> 00:03:05,239 Speaker 1: is a trip. We have to cover her in a 50 00:03:05,320 --> 00:03:07,880 Speaker 1: later punchet, Yeah, we we might, And they have this 51 00:03:08,160 --> 00:03:11,639 Speaker 1: very open relationship. People really don't like it, and the 52 00:03:11,760 --> 00:03:14,160 Speaker 1: king is forced to abdicate in favor of his son, 53 00:03:14,600 --> 00:03:17,639 Speaker 1: Maximilian the Second, and this is of course Lidvig the 54 00:03:17,680 --> 00:03:21,480 Speaker 1: seconds father. So Maximilian is not a big fan of 55 00:03:21,520 --> 00:03:23,400 Speaker 1: being a king though he would really rather be a 56 00:03:23,440 --> 00:03:28,240 Speaker 1: professor study read books. And he's also not interested in 57 00:03:28,280 --> 00:03:31,480 Speaker 1: his son. So this gives you a little background on 58 00:03:31,480 --> 00:03:34,560 Speaker 1: what Lidvig's childhood is going to be like and his mother, 59 00:03:34,680 --> 00:03:38,280 Speaker 1: Marie of Prussia, is exactly the opposite of her husband 60 00:03:38,360 --> 00:03:42,480 Speaker 1: in every way except one. But she's also completely uninterested 61 00:03:42,520 --> 00:03:45,240 Speaker 1: in her children and spends maybe an hour a day 62 00:03:45,280 --> 00:03:48,960 Speaker 1: with them at the very most. She's athletic and pretty 63 00:03:49,040 --> 00:03:51,760 Speaker 1: and is proud to say that she's never read a book. 64 00:03:51,840 --> 00:03:53,800 Speaker 1: So I don't think she can hang with us there, No, 65 00:03:54,040 --> 00:03:56,640 Speaker 1: not at all. We should also say that Livig's parents 66 00:03:56,640 --> 00:04:00,320 Speaker 1: are cousins, and that his family, aside from his parents 67 00:04:00,320 --> 00:04:03,520 Speaker 1: being cousins, is severely inbred. Another thing to keep in 68 00:04:03,560 --> 00:04:07,000 Speaker 1: mind as we go on. So Little Ludwig becomes heir 69 00:04:07,080 --> 00:04:09,640 Speaker 1: to the throne at two and a half, and life 70 00:04:09,680 --> 00:04:14,240 Speaker 1: is pretty sad for a crown prince. He's lonely, he's neglected. 71 00:04:14,520 --> 00:04:19,000 Speaker 1: He's also pampered though, because every wish must be catered to, 72 00:04:19,360 --> 00:04:23,200 Speaker 1: and he's very undisciplined. And the birth of his brother 73 00:04:23,320 --> 00:04:30,000 Speaker 1: Otto only further splits this very limited attention, and especially 74 00:04:30,400 --> 00:04:33,760 Speaker 1: this is bad when Otto starts to suffer from hallucinations 75 00:04:33,839 --> 00:04:38,240 Speaker 1: and requires a lot more care and attention than Livic himself. 76 00:04:38,680 --> 00:04:41,800 Speaker 1: And his childhood, as Sarah points out, is actually a 77 00:04:41,839 --> 00:04:44,719 Speaker 1: lot like the palace he was born in. It's very formal, 78 00:04:44,880 --> 00:04:48,680 Speaker 1: it's grand, but it's also isolated. And so perhaps it's 79 00:04:48,680 --> 00:04:53,400 Speaker 1: no wonder that he turns to elaborate reimaginings of medieval 80 00:04:53,480 --> 00:04:57,320 Speaker 1: architecture as an adult. But since architecture is such an 81 00:04:57,320 --> 00:05:00,440 Speaker 1: important part of Ludvig's later life, we should into a 82 00:05:00,440 --> 00:05:04,160 Speaker 1: little more detail about his childhood architecture. He grows up 83 00:05:04,200 --> 00:05:09,160 Speaker 1: around the Victuals Box. Official home is in Munich. They 84 00:05:09,160 --> 00:05:12,400 Speaker 1: don't spend or at least Ludvig doesn't spend a terribly 85 00:05:12,560 --> 00:05:15,400 Speaker 1: large amount of time there because being in Munich means 86 00:05:15,720 --> 00:05:19,080 Speaker 1: work in business, and two didn't do a lot of family. 87 00:05:20,080 --> 00:05:23,679 Speaker 1: And Livig instead grows up at Hohenschwangau, which is about 88 00:05:23,720 --> 00:05:26,400 Speaker 1: forty miles away from Munich, and it was a palace 89 00:05:26,440 --> 00:05:29,679 Speaker 1: built by his father, and the walls there are covered 90 00:05:29,760 --> 00:05:34,000 Speaker 1: in murals of German legends and you can actually see 91 00:05:34,040 --> 00:05:38,000 Speaker 1: these today, they're still there. And uh, these legends, along 92 00:05:38,000 --> 00:05:43,520 Speaker 1: with biblical stories, really fuel this poor lonely young boy's imagination. 93 00:05:43,680 --> 00:05:47,080 Speaker 1: So you're bored at home, you read some Bible stories, 94 00:05:47,200 --> 00:05:50,560 Speaker 1: maybe you dress up like a nun. This is what 95 00:05:50,600 --> 00:05:55,880 Speaker 1: he does and are shy imaginative boy is also really 96 00:05:55,920 --> 00:05:59,080 Speaker 1: obsessed with his own power. It's not all these sweet 97 00:05:59,080 --> 00:06:03,159 Speaker 1: imaginative At one point, he tries to strangle his younger 98 00:06:03,200 --> 00:06:06,480 Speaker 1: brother and instead of apologizing, he says that Otto is 99 00:06:06,560 --> 00:06:10,520 Speaker 1: his vassal and had disobeyed him. And he steals from 100 00:06:10,560 --> 00:06:13,680 Speaker 1: a shop and tells the governess it doesn't matter because 101 00:06:13,720 --> 00:06:19,040 Speaker 1: everything will belong to him someday. So very healthy mindset. Yeah, So, 102 00:06:19,480 --> 00:06:24,440 Speaker 1: becoming Crown Princess Ataler was obviously the first major event 103 00:06:24,640 --> 00:06:28,920 Speaker 1: in Livig's life, really shaping who he became in his future. 104 00:06:29,400 --> 00:06:31,840 Speaker 1: But the second major event in his life is his 105 00:06:31,880 --> 00:06:35,880 Speaker 1: discovery of Richard Wagner at age thirteen. And I'm really 106 00:06:35,920 --> 00:06:38,200 Speaker 1: tempted to talk more about the composer in a later 107 00:06:38,240 --> 00:06:42,680 Speaker 1: episode because he's really interesting and really controversial, but for now, 108 00:06:42,920 --> 00:06:46,680 Speaker 1: we're just going to say that Ludvig loved Wagner in 109 00:06:46,839 --> 00:06:50,720 Speaker 1: caps on my outline. Yeah, he wants to be Wagner's 110 00:06:50,720 --> 00:06:54,600 Speaker 1: Swan Knight. He loves the music, he loves the big, 111 00:06:54,640 --> 00:06:58,279 Speaker 1: elaborate theatrical sets, and most of all, he loves the 112 00:06:58,279 --> 00:07:01,200 Speaker 1: stories because, after all, a lot of Wagner's music is 113 00:07:01,240 --> 00:07:06,280 Speaker 1: based on those same Teutonic legends that Lidvig has literally 114 00:07:06,440 --> 00:07:10,760 Speaker 1: grown up seeing around his bedroom walls. Yes, his imagination 115 00:07:10,880 --> 00:07:14,920 Speaker 1: comes to life in a moody teenager. And our moody 116 00:07:14,920 --> 00:07:18,000 Speaker 1: teenager became a moody king when his father died in 117 00:07:18,080 --> 00:07:20,880 Speaker 1: eighteen sixty four, possibly of syphilist This might be our 118 00:07:20,960 --> 00:07:25,160 Speaker 1: other new theme. And eighteen year old Lidvig inherits the throne. 119 00:07:25,280 --> 00:07:29,760 Speaker 1: And he looks like a king. He's very tall, he's 120 00:07:29,760 --> 00:07:33,800 Speaker 1: six four, he's slender, he has a thick, curly black hair. 121 00:07:33,920 --> 00:07:38,880 Speaker 1: He's extremely handsome. He looks like what Prince Charming should be. 122 00:07:39,040 --> 00:07:42,240 Speaker 1: People go crazy when they see him during the funeral procession. 123 00:07:42,400 --> 00:07:46,680 Speaker 1: And he's a romantic hero as well as the king. Yeah, 124 00:07:46,760 --> 00:07:51,240 Speaker 1: it almost only helps that he's so moody and so bookish. 125 00:07:51,360 --> 00:07:55,160 Speaker 1: It adds to this the handsome, brooding men exactly so. 126 00:07:55,960 --> 00:07:58,840 Speaker 1: Like we said earlier, though, he's really obsessed with Wagner, 127 00:07:58,960 --> 00:08:01,160 Speaker 1: and one of the first matters of business when he's 128 00:08:01,280 --> 00:08:05,120 Speaker 1: king is to send for the composer, and the very 129 00:08:05,200 --> 00:08:10,320 Speaker 1: indebted Wagner moves to Munich, makes all these immediate financial 130 00:08:10,360 --> 00:08:13,680 Speaker 1: demands like I need a new theater. King Ludwig, and 131 00:08:14,080 --> 00:08:18,520 Speaker 1: Ludvig is happy to oblige the politicians. However, um freak out. 132 00:08:18,560 --> 00:08:22,760 Speaker 1: To put it in nice historical terms, they're also getting 133 00:08:22,800 --> 00:08:26,200 Speaker 1: really worried, not only because Ldvig is spending so much 134 00:08:26,200 --> 00:08:30,880 Speaker 1: money on this composer, but because Ludvig really loves Wagner 135 00:08:31,000 --> 00:08:36,800 Speaker 1: like I loves loves Yes. He writes sham passionate letters, 136 00:08:36,920 --> 00:08:41,480 Speaker 1: and Wagner, who's smart enough to work his job, returns 137 00:08:41,480 --> 00:08:45,080 Speaker 1: in kind. Wagner at the time is of course hooking 138 00:08:45,160 --> 00:08:48,560 Speaker 1: up with his mistress and future wife, Kalsima, who's the 139 00:08:48,760 --> 00:08:52,840 Speaker 1: daughter of Frm's list and the woman largely responsible for 140 00:08:52,960 --> 00:08:57,040 Speaker 1: later creating the cult of Wagner, and once the team 141 00:08:57,200 --> 00:08:59,839 Speaker 1: king told Wagner that he would give up his king 142 00:09:00,040 --> 00:09:04,080 Speaker 1: ship and come live with him, Wagner realized perhaps things 143 00:09:04,080 --> 00:09:06,400 Speaker 1: have gone a little too far, had to talk him down, 144 00:09:06,880 --> 00:09:10,480 Speaker 1: hides the woman in his bed, and eventually the Bavarian 145 00:09:10,520 --> 00:09:13,880 Speaker 1: cabinet says that enough is enough, and Wagner is kicked 146 00:09:13,920 --> 00:09:18,000 Speaker 1: out after a year. Yeah, we don't want another Lola Montez, everybody, 147 00:09:18,080 --> 00:09:24,359 Speaker 1: so moving on from this early infatuation, Ludwig seeks consolation 148 00:09:24,520 --> 00:09:28,480 Speaker 1: in his best friend who is this cousin Sissy also 149 00:09:28,600 --> 00:09:32,120 Speaker 1: the Empress of Austria, and she's a little out there too, 150 00:09:32,160 --> 00:09:36,760 Speaker 1: like a lot of the victuals box. She suffers from interaxia, 151 00:09:37,120 --> 00:09:41,480 Speaker 1: she suffers from manic depression. But she really understands Ludwig, 152 00:09:41,600 --> 00:09:45,280 Speaker 1: and she understands the problems he's facing and is able 153 00:09:45,320 --> 00:09:47,400 Speaker 1: to talk to him. You know. They write letters to 154 00:09:47,440 --> 00:09:52,120 Speaker 1: each other, and suddenly he's engaged to her little sister, Sophie. 155 00:09:52,440 --> 00:09:56,400 Speaker 1: And you might wonder how this extremely awkward young man 156 00:09:57,280 --> 00:10:03,320 Speaker 1: comes together with this beautiful young woman and their apparent interests. 157 00:10:03,440 --> 00:10:06,400 Speaker 1: Shared interest was Wagner, of course, and I feel like 158 00:10:06,440 --> 00:10:09,480 Speaker 1: today they would meet on some sort of internet message board. 159 00:10:09,520 --> 00:10:12,120 Speaker 1: If we're both attractive and we both love Wagner, we 160 00:10:12,120 --> 00:10:15,400 Speaker 1: should probably get married. So they get their official photos 161 00:10:15,440 --> 00:10:18,720 Speaker 1: made up, they planned the wedding, and then he starts 162 00:10:18,760 --> 00:10:21,480 Speaker 1: to get cold feet, and he pushes back the wedding date. 163 00:10:21,840 --> 00:10:26,120 Speaker 1: He asks his doctor to certify him as unfit to marry, 164 00:10:26,200 --> 00:10:28,960 Speaker 1: and finally he tells Sophie that there is not the 165 00:10:29,040 --> 00:10:34,079 Speaker 1: love which is necessary for a matrimonial union. So burn Sophie, 166 00:10:34,640 --> 00:10:37,720 Speaker 1: And that, of course is because he was probably gay 167 00:10:37,800 --> 00:10:41,360 Speaker 1: and in addition to his obsession with Wagner and his 168 00:10:41,440 --> 00:10:46,600 Speaker 1: secret diaries disclosed liaisons with lots of actors and maybe 169 00:10:46,600 --> 00:10:50,560 Speaker 1: some military officers, and they were destroyed in World War Two. 170 00:10:50,600 --> 00:10:53,520 Speaker 1: But a lot of his inner turmoil seems to have 171 00:10:53,600 --> 00:10:57,040 Speaker 1: come from guilt about his sexuality, because he was a 172 00:10:57,080 --> 00:11:00,400 Speaker 1: devout Catholic. But this is an all to say that 173 00:11:00,480 --> 00:11:04,200 Speaker 1: Ludvig is totally isolated from matters of state. At this 174 00:11:04,280 --> 00:11:06,600 Speaker 1: point of what we've described so far might sound like 175 00:11:06,640 --> 00:11:10,640 Speaker 1: somebody who isn't going to work every day, um, But 176 00:11:10,800 --> 00:11:13,840 Speaker 1: that isolation really comes later. In eighteen sixty six, he 177 00:11:13,880 --> 00:11:16,480 Speaker 1: actually enters the Seven Weeks War on the side of 178 00:11:16,520 --> 00:11:19,920 Speaker 1: Austria against Prussia. UM. But at the defeat of Austria 179 00:11:19,960 --> 00:11:23,559 Speaker 1: he signs an alliance with Prussia and works to reconcile 180 00:11:23,679 --> 00:11:27,520 Speaker 1: these two big powers in Germany. So this alliance with 181 00:11:27,559 --> 00:11:30,199 Speaker 1: Prussia comes into play in eighteen seventy when there's a 182 00:11:30,240 --> 00:11:34,440 Speaker 1: war against France and he sticks with Prussia, avoiding a 183 00:11:34,440 --> 00:11:39,760 Speaker 1: potential Franco Austrian Bavarian alliance and Prussia wins, and then 184 00:11:39,840 --> 00:11:42,959 Speaker 1: at the urging of Bismarck, Ludvig actually helps put out 185 00:11:43,000 --> 00:11:45,560 Speaker 1: the call to all the other princes of Germany to 186 00:11:45,720 --> 00:11:49,200 Speaker 1: unite into this German Empire under the rule of the 187 00:11:49,240 --> 00:11:52,679 Speaker 1: Prussian king, who is from there on out known as 188 00:11:52,679 --> 00:11:56,880 Speaker 1: the Kaiser. But Ludvig is kind of disappointed with aspects 189 00:11:56,920 --> 00:11:59,640 Speaker 1: of this new arrangement. It's not exactly what he had 190 00:11:59,640 --> 00:12:04,199 Speaker 1: hoped it would be. His territory isn't expanded, and you know, 191 00:12:04,280 --> 00:12:06,480 Speaker 1: as as one of the kings who's not the Kaiser, 192 00:12:06,600 --> 00:12:08,960 Speaker 1: he doesn't have as much power as he liked. And 193 00:12:09,000 --> 00:12:11,440 Speaker 1: he thought there would maybe be some sort of sharing 194 00:12:11,640 --> 00:12:15,120 Speaker 1: of the crown between his state and Prussia, and that's 195 00:12:15,280 --> 00:12:18,439 Speaker 1: not how it worked out. So he's still King of Bavaria, 196 00:12:18,480 --> 00:12:21,120 Speaker 1: but now it's just a state and not a kingdom. 197 00:12:21,240 --> 00:12:25,000 Speaker 1: And again he's a bit of a figurehead, so you 198 00:12:25,040 --> 00:12:30,600 Speaker 1: know why bother he retreats into increased solitude. And what 199 00:12:30,640 --> 00:12:33,200 Speaker 1: do you do when you don't really have a kingdom 200 00:12:33,240 --> 00:12:36,400 Speaker 1: to run, you don't have your composer to live with, 201 00:12:37,000 --> 00:12:40,520 Speaker 1: and you really don't want to get married. You build 202 00:12:40,520 --> 00:12:44,440 Speaker 1: your own kublican right or three of them. Soldvig builds 203 00:12:44,520 --> 00:12:48,280 Speaker 1: three castles and designs three more, and they occupy him 204 00:12:48,400 --> 00:12:52,360 Speaker 1: during his increasingly isolated life. That starts in the eighteen 205 00:12:52,440 --> 00:12:55,760 Speaker 1: seventies and from this point on he's mostly alone. He 206 00:12:56,000 --> 00:13:00,200 Speaker 1: dines alone, he goes to his theatrical performance as a own. 207 00:13:00,320 --> 00:13:05,320 Speaker 1: He switches to this vampire like nocturnal schedule where he 208 00:13:05,360 --> 00:13:09,360 Speaker 1: gets up at five pm UM. But his first major 209 00:13:09,400 --> 00:13:11,840 Speaker 1: building project, he doesn't. He doesn't start off right away 210 00:13:11,840 --> 00:13:14,520 Speaker 1: with a huge castle. He starts off with a remodeling project, 211 00:13:14,880 --> 00:13:18,400 Speaker 1: and that's redecorating his father's castle and his childhood home 212 00:13:18,559 --> 00:13:22,160 Speaker 1: at hohen Schwamgau. And he must have caught a nice 213 00:13:22,240 --> 00:13:26,160 Speaker 1: view from there because he starts to plan a bigger project, 214 00:13:26,440 --> 00:13:29,320 Speaker 1: which of course is Nisch von Stein across the lake. 215 00:13:29,440 --> 00:13:33,640 Speaker 1: And this is seriously the Disney Castle. And while it's 216 00:13:33,720 --> 00:13:37,040 Speaker 1: not the most elaborate of his creations, it's definitely the 217 00:13:37,080 --> 00:13:41,640 Speaker 1: most recognizable. It's a reimagining of what a medieval castle 218 00:13:41,720 --> 00:13:45,840 Speaker 1: looks like with plenty of French Rococo and Bavarian Baroque 219 00:13:45,880 --> 00:13:49,800 Speaker 1: thrown in. And it's planned by a theatrical designer, not 220 00:13:49,880 --> 00:13:54,920 Speaker 1: an architect, and it's basically Wagner themed, with Swan shaped 221 00:13:55,080 --> 00:13:59,800 Speaker 1: taps and an indoor grotto from Venusberg. The opening apparition 222 00:14:00,000 --> 00:14:04,480 Speaker 1: in Wagner's opera Townhouser, and it takes seventeen years to construct. 223 00:14:04,559 --> 00:14:08,600 Speaker 1: It's actually never finished, and Ludvig only spends about six 224 00:14:08,640 --> 00:14:12,200 Speaker 1: months their total all added up together. So the next 225 00:14:12,200 --> 00:14:15,959 Speaker 1: place he builds is Linderhof, which is of homey or 226 00:14:16,080 --> 00:14:19,600 Speaker 1: sort of residents, and it's about twelve miles from Nu Schwanstein, 227 00:14:20,080 --> 00:14:23,840 Speaker 1: and he builds it between eighteen sixty nine and seventy eight, 228 00:14:23,880 --> 00:14:28,000 Speaker 1: and it's actually modeled on China on though so not 229 00:14:28,600 --> 00:14:32,120 Speaker 1: terribly homy to most of the still an elaborate palace. 230 00:14:32,360 --> 00:14:36,000 Speaker 1: He really liked the Bourbons. His coaches and his slaves 231 00:14:36,080 --> 00:14:40,680 Speaker 1: were staffed by coachman dressed in reproduction Louis the fourteenth Livery. 232 00:14:41,040 --> 00:14:44,200 Speaker 1: He would spend about two weeks of every month at 233 00:14:44,200 --> 00:14:47,200 Speaker 1: this house and had a harmonium set up for Wagner 234 00:14:47,280 --> 00:14:50,480 Speaker 1: along with that disappearing table we mentioned in the intro. 235 00:14:51,120 --> 00:14:54,240 Speaker 1: But it's here that he starts all the weird stuff, 236 00:14:54,240 --> 00:14:58,200 Speaker 1: waking up at five pm, dining with his imaginary friends, 237 00:14:58,320 --> 00:15:02,280 Speaker 1: then going out for midnight carriage rides as he again 238 00:15:02,360 --> 00:15:06,280 Speaker 1: just retreats more and more from society, but he sticks 239 00:15:06,320 --> 00:15:10,160 Speaker 1: with the Wagner theme for this place. To Linderhoff has 240 00:15:10,360 --> 00:15:14,760 Speaker 1: the Venus Grotto another Venus grotto imagined again from town Hauser, 241 00:15:15,160 --> 00:15:17,440 Speaker 1: and he would row around in the man made lake 242 00:15:17,560 --> 00:15:20,680 Speaker 1: on this gilded seashell. You can look up pictures of this. 243 00:15:20,800 --> 00:15:22,760 Speaker 1: It's pretty cool. Sara sent me one today and we 244 00:15:22,800 --> 00:15:24,800 Speaker 1: decided that might be a better use of our time. 245 00:15:25,760 --> 00:15:29,000 Speaker 1: And the lake is actually illuminated by one of Bavaria's 246 00:15:29,120 --> 00:15:33,040 Speaker 1: first power plants, because who wants a dark, creepy cave 247 00:15:33,120 --> 00:15:35,240 Speaker 1: made out of plaster needs to have all these cool 248 00:15:35,560 --> 00:15:39,440 Speaker 1: blue and red lights. It also had a moorish pavilion 249 00:15:39,520 --> 00:15:43,040 Speaker 1: with a peacock theme perfect for opium smoking if you're 250 00:15:43,040 --> 00:15:47,440 Speaker 1: so inclined, and a hunting cabin with plenty of faux 251 00:15:47,440 --> 00:15:52,240 Speaker 1: wood stumps and fake trees again Disney Alert. But his 252 00:15:52,360 --> 00:15:56,000 Speaker 1: final big project was Haren Hemsey, which was constructed between 253 00:15:56,080 --> 00:15:59,760 Speaker 1: eighteen seventy eight and eighteen eighty five. And this time 254 00:16:00,040 --> 00:16:03,920 Speaker 1: you really honors the Bourbons and even tries to upstage 255 00:16:03,960 --> 00:16:06,760 Speaker 1: them because the castle is a copy of their PSI, 256 00:16:07,520 --> 00:16:11,080 Speaker 1: only bigger and better. Yeah, it has an even grander 257 00:16:11,120 --> 00:16:13,440 Speaker 1: hall of mirrors where he would read under the light 258 00:16:13,520 --> 00:16:18,600 Speaker 1: of seventy nine candelabras with one thousand, eight hundred forty 259 00:16:18,600 --> 00:16:20,080 Speaker 1: eight candles. It seems like you need a lot of 260 00:16:20,120 --> 00:16:22,600 Speaker 1: servants for that. Or he would take a bath in 261 00:16:22,680 --> 00:16:26,160 Speaker 1: this marble tub that took eight hours to heat and fill. 262 00:16:27,040 --> 00:16:30,760 Speaker 1: And we didn't mention this yet either. The castle was 263 00:16:30,800 --> 00:16:33,440 Speaker 1: built on an island in the middle of an Alpine lake, 264 00:16:33,600 --> 00:16:37,960 Speaker 1: a very exclusive island. I would imagine, a very exclusive island. 265 00:16:38,000 --> 00:16:40,040 Speaker 1: It's gonna make it harder to build too, if you 266 00:16:40,080 --> 00:16:43,840 Speaker 1: have to row everything out to the island well, and 267 00:16:43,880 --> 00:16:47,840 Speaker 1: this castle is his downfall. Only twenty of the seventy 268 00:16:47,920 --> 00:16:51,400 Speaker 1: rooms are finished. It cost more to build than nishevon 269 00:16:51,440 --> 00:16:56,320 Speaker 1: Stein and Linderhoff together, and he only spends nine nights there, 270 00:16:56,400 --> 00:17:00,440 Speaker 1: so multiply these candles by nine nights exactly. So this 271 00:17:01,240 --> 00:17:04,400 Speaker 1: makes us come to the question how did Ludwig pay 272 00:17:04,440 --> 00:17:07,880 Speaker 1: for all this? And initially he financed these castles himself. 273 00:17:07,960 --> 00:17:11,720 Speaker 1: He saw himself as a modern son king, and accordingly 274 00:17:11,920 --> 00:17:15,240 Speaker 1: he thought he needed to celebrate this through the construction 275 00:17:15,280 --> 00:17:18,920 Speaker 1: of castles through the patronage of artists such as Wagner 276 00:17:19,000 --> 00:17:22,200 Speaker 1: and others. But it's not that long before he runs 277 00:17:22,200 --> 00:17:24,560 Speaker 1: out of money. Obviously, he starts to borrow in his 278 00:17:24,600 --> 00:17:28,119 Speaker 1: own pay way way ahead. He tries to get loans 279 00:17:28,200 --> 00:17:31,520 Speaker 1: from the Shawl of Iran, from the Turkish Sultan, from 280 00:17:31,600 --> 00:17:34,919 Speaker 1: the Duke of Westminster. He even orders his cabinet to 281 00:17:35,040 --> 00:17:39,080 Speaker 1: find loans and is very threatening and forceful when they're 282 00:17:39,280 --> 00:17:42,520 Speaker 1: coming up short. And so by eighteen eighty six he's 283 00:17:42,560 --> 00:17:46,560 Speaker 1: being sued for debt, which is terribly embarrassing, and he 284 00:17:46,640 --> 00:17:49,760 Speaker 1: has this hair brand plan to rob a London bank. 285 00:17:50,000 --> 00:17:53,199 Speaker 1: Doesn't work out, so the government is starting to get 286 00:17:53,359 --> 00:17:58,080 Speaker 1: seriously worried, like is our king crazy or is he 287 00:17:58,240 --> 00:18:01,280 Speaker 1: just spending way too much money? Either way, this has 288 00:18:01,320 --> 00:18:04,639 Speaker 1: got to stop. He was certainly lonely, he told an 289 00:18:04,680 --> 00:18:07,600 Speaker 1: aide de camp. Sometimes I call one of the domestic 290 00:18:07,680 --> 00:18:10,440 Speaker 1: servants or postilions and asked him to tell me about 291 00:18:10,480 --> 00:18:13,760 Speaker 1: his home and his family, otherwise I would completely forget 292 00:18:13,920 --> 00:18:16,879 Speaker 1: the art of speech. And in his private journals he 293 00:18:16,960 --> 00:18:20,959 Speaker 1: appeals to dead rulers for help. Louis the fourteenth, Charles 294 00:18:21,000 --> 00:18:25,040 Speaker 1: the first of England. These are his friends, and it's 295 00:18:25,080 --> 00:18:28,080 Speaker 1: interesting a lot of the stuff I read about these 296 00:18:28,160 --> 00:18:32,560 Speaker 1: castles and about Ludvig. Apparently the tour guides refrain from 297 00:18:32,560 --> 00:18:35,360 Speaker 1: calling him the mad King anymore, which has long been 298 00:18:35,440 --> 00:18:38,280 Speaker 1: his nickname. It makes sense. It's not a very nice 299 00:18:38,359 --> 00:18:41,440 Speaker 1: thing to call someone. Sorry for using it in our title. 300 00:18:41,560 --> 00:18:45,479 Speaker 1: Little Eccentric is more often used today. But his family 301 00:18:45,560 --> 00:18:49,600 Speaker 1: definitely has some mental health issues. His brother Otto, who 302 00:18:49,600 --> 00:18:52,840 Speaker 1: we mentioned at the beginning, is schizophrenic and he's put 303 00:18:52,880 --> 00:18:56,439 Speaker 1: into an asylum. His aunt Alexandra is put into a 304 00:18:56,520 --> 00:19:00,760 Speaker 1: convent because she's positive she's swallowed a glass grand piano. 305 00:19:01,359 --> 00:19:06,080 Speaker 1: But if Livig is crazy, he's very lucid at times too. 306 00:19:06,119 --> 00:19:11,040 Speaker 1: He writes these eloquent letters, he studies French history and literature, 307 00:19:11,240 --> 00:19:16,320 Speaker 1: and he's even politically astute when he actually tries, you know, 308 00:19:16,359 --> 00:19:19,439 Speaker 1: when he's not worrying about his castle castles or his 309 00:19:19,560 --> 00:19:23,240 Speaker 1: opera and actually gets to work. Well. His best friend, 310 00:19:23,520 --> 00:19:26,600 Speaker 1: I think, says it best Sissy, and she said he's 311 00:19:26,640 --> 00:19:29,600 Speaker 1: not mad enough to be locked up, but to abnormal 312 00:19:29,680 --> 00:19:33,159 Speaker 1: to manage comfortably in the world with reasonable people. So 313 00:19:33,240 --> 00:19:36,000 Speaker 1: that's the assessment from the person who knew knew him 314 00:19:36,040 --> 00:19:39,960 Speaker 1: better than anyone. Yeah. So finally the fiddles Box, worried 315 00:19:40,400 --> 00:19:43,760 Speaker 1: that Livig would bankrupt their family, go to the Prime 316 00:19:43,760 --> 00:19:47,919 Speaker 1: Minister and say that, well, you know, we'd be okay 317 00:19:48,080 --> 00:19:51,679 Speaker 1: if you deposed the king, and so a panel of 318 00:19:51,720 --> 00:19:55,280 Speaker 1: doctors declare living insane without seeing him. It's kind of 319 00:19:55,320 --> 00:20:01,440 Speaker 1: like the tabloid um. And the noted chiatrist doctor Bernhard 320 00:20:01,640 --> 00:20:04,920 Speaker 1: von Gutten is one of these, and so on June tenth, 321 00:20:06,200 --> 00:20:11,160 Speaker 1: Prince Leopold, who is Ludwig's uncle, declares himself Prince Regent 322 00:20:11,680 --> 00:20:16,360 Speaker 1: and Otto will be king officially, Otto the first and 323 00:20:16,720 --> 00:20:20,719 Speaker 1: Lidvig is at Nisch von Stein when the delegation finally 324 00:20:20,800 --> 00:20:23,920 Speaker 1: comes to arrest him, and the soldiers and peasants try 325 00:20:23,960 --> 00:20:27,280 Speaker 1: to stop them, try to save Ludwig, but he's led away. 326 00:20:27,680 --> 00:20:30,480 Speaker 1: He's taken to the viddles Box castle Berg, which is 327 00:20:30,520 --> 00:20:34,080 Speaker 1: on Lake Starnberg, and he's attended there by the doctor, 328 00:20:34,840 --> 00:20:37,480 Speaker 1: and that's when things start to get kind of weird. 329 00:20:38,000 --> 00:20:42,360 Speaker 1: On June thirteenth, he asks to attend mass but is refused, 330 00:20:42,880 --> 00:20:45,720 Speaker 1: and later in the day, after a huge meal lots 331 00:20:45,760 --> 00:20:49,240 Speaker 1: of wine, he gets Dr Gooden to walk along the 332 00:20:49,320 --> 00:20:52,440 Speaker 1: lake with him, but they don't come back, and a 333 00:20:52,560 --> 00:20:55,880 Speaker 1: search party finds that the king has drowned face up, 334 00:20:55,960 --> 00:20:59,400 Speaker 1: which is strange because he was a very good swimmer. 335 00:21:00,080 --> 00:21:03,280 Speaker 1: He was only in four ft of water. Dr Gooden 336 00:21:03,480 --> 00:21:08,680 Speaker 1: is also dead, so what happened there? Obviously a lot 337 00:21:08,720 --> 00:21:11,680 Speaker 1: of theories about this, and the main assumption for many 338 00:21:11,760 --> 00:21:15,120 Speaker 1: years is that the king committed suicide because he had 339 00:21:15,119 --> 00:21:21,240 Speaker 1: no future. He was essentially a prisoner, and Dr Guten 340 00:21:21,359 --> 00:21:24,880 Speaker 1: drowned trying to save him. Others have suggested that he 341 00:21:25,040 --> 00:21:28,080 Speaker 1: was perhaps trying to cross the lake to meet people 342 00:21:28,160 --> 00:21:32,560 Speaker 1: sent by Sissy and escaped to Austria and escaped to her, 343 00:21:32,960 --> 00:21:35,920 Speaker 1: and then others say he was murdered, maybe even that 344 00:21:35,960 --> 00:21:39,119 Speaker 1: he was shot and not drowned at all, And we 345 00:21:39,160 --> 00:21:43,159 Speaker 1: would probably no more I feel if we opened his 346 00:21:43,320 --> 00:21:46,879 Speaker 1: crypt in Munich at St. Michael's. All of the victuals 347 00:21:46,920 --> 00:21:50,199 Speaker 1: box are interred there and they have identical cripts, but 348 00:21:50,320 --> 00:21:54,040 Speaker 1: his stands out because it's always covered with flowers. And 349 00:21:54,080 --> 00:21:57,439 Speaker 1: he's still very popular despite the fact that he nearly 350 00:21:57,480 --> 00:22:01,280 Speaker 1: bankrupted his family. His castles are to a among Bavaria's 351 00:22:01,359 --> 00:22:04,000 Speaker 1: main attractions. Who doesn't want to go see the Sleeping 352 00:22:04,000 --> 00:22:07,280 Speaker 1: Beauty Castle? Yeah? Well, and interestingly they started to become 353 00:22:07,440 --> 00:22:11,120 Speaker 1: these major attractions. I think within weeks after his death 354 00:22:11,200 --> 00:22:14,320 Speaker 1: people were paying to go to them. So in the 355 00:22:14,440 --> 00:22:17,480 Speaker 1: long run, it's been a pretty good investment for Bavaria. 356 00:22:17,560 --> 00:22:21,520 Speaker 1: I'd say Ludvig's own memorial is far simpler than any 357 00:22:21,520 --> 00:22:24,359 Speaker 1: of these castles. It's across in the lake at the 358 00:22:24,400 --> 00:22:26,760 Speaker 1: spot where he drowned that Sarah and I were talking about. 359 00:22:27,280 --> 00:22:30,000 Speaker 1: It's always so strange for us to talk about these 360 00:22:30,000 --> 00:22:32,840 Speaker 1: subjects who are supposedly so well loved. We keep reading, 361 00:22:32,840 --> 00:22:35,080 Speaker 1: you know, the well loved so and so, but we 362 00:22:35,200 --> 00:22:38,280 Speaker 1: have no idea how these people are actually viewed in 363 00:22:38,320 --> 00:22:41,679 Speaker 1: their own country. Yeah, if you're in Bavaria, let us 364 00:22:41,680 --> 00:22:43,840 Speaker 1: know what you think about Ludwig. It always says a 365 00:22:43,840 --> 00:22:47,879 Speaker 1: little funny thing. Supposedly you people love this guy, but 366 00:22:48,400 --> 00:22:52,400 Speaker 1: you know, maybe not. It's easy enough to see though, 367 00:22:52,400 --> 00:22:55,440 Speaker 1: why he would be so well loved. He's a gentle 368 00:22:55,720 --> 00:23:00,800 Speaker 1: pacifist king. He's extremely eccentric, but that only makes him 369 00:23:00,840 --> 00:23:04,640 Speaker 1: more interesting. It's also always interesting, like we talked about 370 00:23:04,680 --> 00:23:08,399 Speaker 1: in our Emperor Norton podcast, to try to diagnose people 371 00:23:08,520 --> 00:23:14,240 Speaker 1: posthumously and figure out what sort of mental illness Ludwig 372 00:23:14,280 --> 00:23:18,080 Speaker 1: was grappling with any was in fact anything at all, 373 00:23:18,119 --> 00:23:20,680 Speaker 1: And that's one of the reasons I think people are 374 00:23:20,720 --> 00:23:24,320 Speaker 1: so interested him. That end, his gorgeous castle and this 375 00:23:24,680 --> 00:23:29,320 Speaker 1: mysterious fate that we simply do not have the answer to. Yeah, well, 376 00:23:29,680 --> 00:23:36,280 Speaker 1: that mention of Norton brings us to listener mail. So 377 00:23:36,359 --> 00:23:38,840 Speaker 1: our first emails from Derek in California, and he was 378 00:23:38,920 --> 00:23:41,760 Speaker 1: of course writing about the Emperor Norton podcast and he 379 00:23:41,840 --> 00:23:44,840 Speaker 1: actually mentioned that he's seen Norton's grave that would want 380 00:23:44,880 --> 00:23:48,879 Speaker 1: cemetery before. But his message was mostly about how his 381 00:23:49,040 --> 00:23:53,080 Speaker 1: father is a part of the historical society e Clampus Vitas, 382 00:23:53,080 --> 00:23:55,800 Speaker 1: and he said that they have gatherings that go on 383 00:23:55,920 --> 00:23:58,119 Speaker 1: for a couple of days, they involve a fair amount 384 00:23:58,119 --> 00:24:01,640 Speaker 1: of alcohol, and that this idea itself was formed during 385 00:24:01,680 --> 00:24:04,399 Speaker 1: the gold Rush. But probably the most interesting part is 386 00:24:04,440 --> 00:24:07,520 Speaker 1: he said that one of their slogans is no Known Cure, 387 00:24:07,960 --> 00:24:11,040 Speaker 1: which means that after you complete your initiation ceremony, which 388 00:24:11,119 --> 00:24:14,360 Speaker 1: is kept secret to everyone outside of the group, then 389 00:24:14,400 --> 00:24:17,560 Speaker 1: you were a member for life. So he's hoping for 390 00:24:17,600 --> 00:24:20,679 Speaker 1: a podcast on this group. Um, let us know what 391 00:24:20,720 --> 00:24:23,960 Speaker 1: you guys think. Cool historical society, but I don't know, 392 00:24:24,040 --> 00:24:27,320 Speaker 1: maybe we should form our our own historical a drinking 393 00:24:27,320 --> 00:24:31,760 Speaker 1: one or irregular type. I have another Grave of visiting email. 394 00:24:31,840 --> 00:24:34,760 Speaker 1: It's from Kyle and he recently went on a tour 395 00:24:34,920 --> 00:24:38,280 Speaker 1: of St. Louis Cemetery number one and visited Marie Lebo's 396 00:24:38,320 --> 00:24:41,480 Speaker 1: grave and sent us all kinds of pictures. But he 397 00:24:41,520 --> 00:24:44,000 Speaker 1: also said while on the tour, the tour guide told 398 00:24:44,040 --> 00:24:46,400 Speaker 1: the story of the wishing on her grave. She said 399 00:24:46,440 --> 00:24:48,399 Speaker 1: that when your wish came true, you were supposed to 400 00:24:48,400 --> 00:24:51,520 Speaker 1: come back and circle your exes, and none of the 401 00:24:51,560 --> 00:24:54,520 Speaker 1: exes are circled, as you can see from the pictures 402 00:24:54,520 --> 00:24:57,159 Speaker 1: he sent us. She did encourage us to make a 403 00:24:57,160 --> 00:25:00,600 Speaker 1: wish on her tomb, though without the desecration part. And 404 00:25:00,800 --> 00:25:03,119 Speaker 1: he said also that he'd included a picture of a 405 00:25:03,240 --> 00:25:07,040 Speaker 1: ridiculous looking pyramid shaped tomb that is the future resting 406 00:25:07,080 --> 00:25:10,439 Speaker 1: place of Nicholas Cage. Oh dear, it's it's hard to 407 00:25:10,480 --> 00:25:13,040 Speaker 1: follow that. If you would like to send us any 408 00:25:13,119 --> 00:25:16,840 Speaker 1: cool pictures are interesting facts where at history podcast how 409 00:25:16,920 --> 00:25:20,560 Speaker 1: stuff works dot com. We're also on Twitter and Facebook 410 00:25:20,560 --> 00:25:21,919 Speaker 1: if you want to find out what we're up to. 411 00:25:22,040 --> 00:25:25,560 Speaker 1: Our Twitter is missed in history, and please feel free 412 00:25:25,560 --> 00:25:27,879 Speaker 1: to check out our homepage. We've got a cool article 413 00:25:27,920 --> 00:25:31,680 Speaker 1: on castles if you search for it at www dot 414 00:25:31,720 --> 00:25:35,800 Speaker 1: how stuff works dot com For more on this and 415 00:25:35,880 --> 00:25:38,960 Speaker 1: thousands of other topics. Visit how stuff works dot com 416 00:25:39,000 --> 00:25:40,680 Speaker 1: and be sure to check out the stuff you missed 417 00:25:40,680 --> 00:25:43,040 Speaker 1: in History Glass Blog on the how stuff works dot 418 00:25:43,040 --> 00:25:57,480 Speaker 1: com home page