1 00:00:00,280 --> 00:00:02,000 Speaker 1: This Day in History Class. It's a production of I 2 00:00:02,080 --> 00:00:07,600 Speaker 1: Heart Radio. Welcome back to This Day in History Class, 3 00:00:08,160 --> 00:00:11,240 Speaker 1: where we reveal a new piece of history every day. 4 00:00:12,840 --> 00:00:26,240 Speaker 1: Today is June twelfth, nineteen. The day was June twelfth, nineteen. 5 00:00:28,320 --> 00:00:31,800 Speaker 1: A Jewish girl named Anna les Marie Frank, better known 6 00:00:31,920 --> 00:00:35,919 Speaker 1: as Anne Frank, was born in Frankfurt on Mine, Germany, 7 00:00:36,120 --> 00:00:40,480 Speaker 1: to Edith and Otto Frank. Anne Frank is well known 8 00:00:40,520 --> 00:00:44,960 Speaker 1: for her story of persecution during the Holocaust, and and 9 00:00:45,040 --> 00:00:48,479 Speaker 1: her family went into hiding in nineteen two during the 10 00:00:48,520 --> 00:00:53,479 Speaker 1: German occupation of the Netherlands in World War Two. The 11 00:00:53,560 --> 00:00:59,080 Speaker 1: family was soon discovered and sent to concentration camps. Anne's father, Otto, 12 00:00:59,320 --> 00:01:02,240 Speaker 1: was the only one in the family to survive the Holocaust, 13 00:01:02,840 --> 00:01:05,559 Speaker 1: but and Frank had kept a diary during her time 14 00:01:05,560 --> 00:01:09,880 Speaker 1: in hiding, which Otto worked hard to get published. The 15 00:01:09,959 --> 00:01:14,280 Speaker 1: diary has now been translated into many languages, sold millions 16 00:01:14,280 --> 00:01:18,720 Speaker 1: of copies, and has been adapted for other mediums. And 17 00:01:18,959 --> 00:01:22,400 Speaker 1: Frank was born into a family of modest wealth and prominence. 18 00:01:22,840 --> 00:01:26,000 Speaker 1: Otto was a well to do businessman, but after the 19 00:01:26,080 --> 00:01:29,880 Speaker 1: Nazis came to power in Germany and his parents decided 20 00:01:29,920 --> 00:01:33,920 Speaker 1: to move to Amsterdam away from so much anti Semitism 21 00:01:34,000 --> 00:01:39,080 Speaker 1: and a suffering economy. In Amsterdam, Otto established a company 22 00:01:39,160 --> 00:01:42,360 Speaker 1: that dealt in pecton, which is a substance used as 23 00:01:42,360 --> 00:01:46,320 Speaker 1: a setting agent in jams and jellies. As father, mother, 24 00:01:46,440 --> 00:01:50,880 Speaker 1: and older sister Margot immigrated first, and Anne joined them 25 00:01:50,880 --> 00:01:56,240 Speaker 1: in Amsterdam in February of nineteen thirty four, But beginning 26 00:01:56,280 --> 00:02:01,280 Speaker 1: in May of nineteen forty, Nazi Germany occupied and Ssterdam. 27 00:02:01,320 --> 00:02:05,040 Speaker 1: After Ann and her family had settled into life in Amsterdam, 28 00:02:05,080 --> 00:02:08,160 Speaker 1: living in the Netherlands became dangerous as the Nazis began 29 00:02:08,240 --> 00:02:12,240 Speaker 1: to persecute Jewish people. Anne was forced to transfer from 30 00:02:12,280 --> 00:02:15,040 Speaker 1: a public school to a Jewish school in September of 31 00:02:15,120 --> 00:02:19,000 Speaker 1: nineteen forty one. In nineteen forty two, on her thirteenth 32 00:02:19,080 --> 00:02:24,079 Speaker 1: birthday and got a plaid diary. But as the Nazis 33 00:02:24,120 --> 00:02:28,000 Speaker 1: began to send Jewish people to concentration camps and Marcott 34 00:02:28,120 --> 00:02:30,440 Speaker 1: got a letter of saying she needed to report for 35 00:02:30,520 --> 00:02:34,040 Speaker 1: work at a labor camp, the Frank family went into hiding. 36 00:02:35,200 --> 00:02:38,200 Speaker 1: On July six, They began living in an attic above 37 00:02:38,240 --> 00:02:42,480 Speaker 1: Auto's office at Princeton. Krat to sixty three in her 38 00:02:42,520 --> 00:02:46,720 Speaker 1: diary and called their hiding spot the secret annex. The 39 00:02:46,919 --> 00:02:50,200 Speaker 1: entrance to the hiding spot was behind a movable bookcase. 40 00:02:50,960 --> 00:02:57,120 Speaker 1: Some of Otto's friends and colleagues, including meat Peace, smuggled food, clothes, supplies, 41 00:02:57,160 --> 00:03:01,200 Speaker 1: and information to the Franks. Not long after the family 42 00:03:01,240 --> 00:03:05,040 Speaker 1: began hiding there, they were joined by four Dutch Jewish people. 43 00:03:05,639 --> 00:03:10,240 Speaker 1: The space was cramped and Anne was often scared. They 44 00:03:10,240 --> 00:03:12,919 Speaker 1: had to stay quiet so the people working below could 45 00:03:12,960 --> 00:03:16,960 Speaker 1: not hear them and they could not go outside. Anne 46 00:03:17,000 --> 00:03:20,240 Speaker 1: wrote in her diary about the war, her fears, her 47 00:03:20,320 --> 00:03:23,799 Speaker 1: daily life, her hopes for the future, and her personal 48 00:03:23,840 --> 00:03:28,360 Speaker 1: issues and experiences. She even wrote short stories in the diary. 49 00:03:29,639 --> 00:03:34,240 Speaker 1: On August four nine, just three days after Anne wrote 50 00:03:34,240 --> 00:03:38,920 Speaker 1: her last diary entry, the Gestapo or German secret State police, 51 00:03:39,280 --> 00:03:43,800 Speaker 1: discovered the Franks and the people in hiding with them. 52 00:03:43,840 --> 00:03:47,080 Speaker 1: It's not clear how the Gestapo found the hiding place, 53 00:03:47,520 --> 00:03:51,600 Speaker 1: but a Gestapo official and two Dutch police officers arrested 54 00:03:51,640 --> 00:03:53,960 Speaker 1: the people in hiding and two of the people who 55 00:03:53,960 --> 00:03:57,880 Speaker 1: had been helping them. The Frank family was sent to 56 00:03:57,920 --> 00:04:02,920 Speaker 1: Westernborg transit camp on August eighth. In early September, the 57 00:04:03,000 --> 00:04:05,720 Speaker 1: Franks were put on a train headed to the Auschwitz 58 00:04:05,800 --> 00:04:11,240 Speaker 1: Bergnal concentration and extermination camp, and her sister Margot and 59 00:04:11,320 --> 00:04:14,920 Speaker 1: her mother Edith were chosen to do heavy forced labor. 60 00:04:15,480 --> 00:04:18,720 Speaker 1: Otto went to a camp for men. Hundreds of other 61 00:04:18,760 --> 00:04:24,080 Speaker 1: people who were on their train were immediately murdered. In 62 00:04:24,160 --> 00:04:27,919 Speaker 1: October and in Margot were transferred to the bergen Belsen 63 00:04:28,000 --> 00:04:32,080 Speaker 1: concentration camp in northern Germany, while their mother and father 64 00:04:32,200 --> 00:04:36,440 Speaker 1: stayed at Auschwitz. Edith died in Auschwitz in January of 65 00:04:36,520 --> 00:04:41,840 Speaker 1: nineteen forty five, just before its evacuation. Otto was found 66 00:04:41,839 --> 00:04:45,560 Speaker 1: at Auschwitz when Soviet troops liberated the camp on January. 67 00:04:47,560 --> 00:04:52,080 Speaker 1: Contagious diseases were rampant at concentration camps, and Anne and 68 00:04:52,200 --> 00:04:56,680 Speaker 1: Margot got typhus while at bergen Belson. They died in 69 00:04:56,800 --> 00:05:01,000 Speaker 1: February of nineteen forty five of the infectious disease, weeks 70 00:05:01,080 --> 00:05:05,200 Speaker 1: before the camp was liberated. The other people who hid 71 00:05:05,200 --> 00:05:08,320 Speaker 1: with the Franks at Princeton Cross to sixty three also 72 00:05:08,440 --> 00:05:13,240 Speaker 1: died in the Holocaust. Nazi Germany officially surrendered to the 73 00:05:13,279 --> 00:05:19,200 Speaker 1: Allies on May seven, nineteen. Otto soon found out that 74 00:05:19,320 --> 00:05:23,839 Speaker 1: his wife and children had died, but friends who searched 75 00:05:23,920 --> 00:05:27,560 Speaker 1: the Frank's hiding place after the family was arrested, returned 76 00:05:27,600 --> 00:05:31,000 Speaker 1: to Otto papers that the Gestapo had left behind me. 77 00:05:31,240 --> 00:05:34,960 Speaker 1: Peace had preserved Ann's diary and gave it to Otto, 78 00:05:35,440 --> 00:05:40,240 Speaker 1: and Otto helped turn Ann's writings into a manuscript. Anne's 79 00:05:40,240 --> 00:05:43,400 Speaker 1: account of life in hiding during the Holocaust has since 80 00:05:43,480 --> 00:05:48,120 Speaker 1: kept the Frank legacy alive. I'm Eve Steffco and hopefully 81 00:05:48,200 --> 00:05:50,839 Speaker 1: you know a little more about history today than you 82 00:05:50,880 --> 00:05:54,920 Speaker 1: did yesterday. But if you want to hear even more history, 83 00:05:55,240 --> 00:05:58,120 Speaker 1: you can listen to a new podcast I host called Unpopular. 84 00:05:58,839 --> 00:06:02,600 Speaker 1: Unpopular is about people in history who defied conventions of 85 00:06:02,640 --> 00:06:06,080 Speaker 1: their time and we're sometimes persecuted for it. You can 86 00:06:06,120 --> 00:06:08,839 Speaker 1: listen wherever you listen to this day in history class, 87 00:06:10,040 --> 00:06:13,200 Speaker 1: and if you're so inclined, you can follow us at 88 00:06:13,440 --> 00:06:19,080 Speaker 1: t D I h C Podcasts on Instagram, Facebook, and Twitter. 89 00:06:20,880 --> 00:06:29,040 Speaker 1: Thanks again and we'll see you tomorrow. For more podcasts 90 00:06:29,040 --> 00:06:32,040 Speaker 1: from I Heart Radio, visit the iHeart Radio app, Apple Podcasts, 91 00:06:32,080 --> 00:06:33,760 Speaker 1: or wherever you listen to your favorite shows.