WEBVTT - Gobekli Tepe

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<v Speaker 1>Welcome to Stuff you should know, a production of iHeartRadio.

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<v Speaker 2>Hey, and welcome to the podcast. I'm Josh and Chuck's

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<v Speaker 2>here and it's just us and that's fine, and this

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<v Speaker 2>is stuff you should know. One of my favorite types

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<v Speaker 2>of addition is the Distant Past Let's figure it out

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<v Speaker 2>edition and it's so surprising edition.

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<v Speaker 1>Oh man, you've always loved this stuff.

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<v Speaker 2>Huh, I certainly have it. Jazz is me at least

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<v Speaker 2>as much as Earth's science.

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<v Speaker 1>Yeah, I think you know the age old question like

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<v Speaker 1>if you could, you know, have a real wayback machine

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<v Speaker 1>and go back and go to like any concert. Your

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<v Speaker 1>answer would be like m something where tuk took like

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<v Speaker 1>took bones and banged it on rocks just so I

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<v Speaker 1>could see what was going on.

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<v Speaker 2>Ah yeah from a distance, as long as you didn't

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<v Speaker 2>know I was there, because I assume I would get

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<v Speaker 2>beaten to death by that same guy.

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<v Speaker 1>You know you're like that. And craft Works first tour.

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<v Speaker 2>I saw craft Work in the Disney like concert hall

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<v Speaker 2>in La No.

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<v Speaker 1>I'm very jealous of that show.

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<v Speaker 2>I'll tell you about that every time. Man. That was

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<v Speaker 2>a great show.

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<v Speaker 1>Looks amazing.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah, they had like a three D light display and

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<v Speaker 2>everything one day. Yeah, one day. They're still touring as

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<v Speaker 2>far as I know.

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<v Speaker 1>So yeah, they don't get around here that much, you know, No,

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<v Speaker 1>but when they do, go see them, No for sure.

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<v Speaker 2>Also, while we're on recommendations, I watched a movie that

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<v Speaker 2>I've just been passing over for years now that is

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<v Speaker 2>actually worth the watch. It's a mind bending horror movie

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<v Speaker 2>called Triangle. I think it's Australian because I'm pretty sure

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<v Speaker 2>just about everybody in it's Australian, but they're pretending to

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<v Speaker 2>be American. But it's it's you know how often like

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<v Speaker 2>mind bending movies that like mess with like just reality

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<v Speaker 2>and stuff like just fall apart at some point. This

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<v Speaker 2>one stayed tight from beginning to end.

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<v Speaker 1>It. Wow.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah, it was a good movie. I would definitely recommend it.

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<v Speaker 2>I mean I don't think it won any Oscars or

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<v Speaker 2>anything like that, but it was definitely worth watching.

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<v Speaker 1>You know what, you can take the Oscar Award and

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<v Speaker 1>stick it right up the collective butt of the world.

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<v Speaker 1>This is just called Triangle.

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<v Speaker 2>Just Triangle.

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<v Speaker 1>Yes, all right, okay, never heard of it.

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<v Speaker 2>You all hang out here, you go watch it and

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<v Speaker 2>then come back and we'll talk about it.

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<v Speaker 1>Two thousand and nine British film is what it says?

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<v Speaker 1>Is that possible?

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<v Speaker 2>I thought it was like twenty eighteen. Does it look

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<v Speaker 2>like there's a person wearing like a bag over their

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<v Speaker 2>head in the on the poster?

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<v Speaker 1>No, that's another one trying.

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<v Speaker 2>I want to say twenty eighteen.

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<v Speaker 1>Fear Comes in Waves. Probably, Yes, it looks very b movie.

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<v Speaker 1>But I'll give you the benefit of the doubt.

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<v Speaker 2>That's what I thought too.

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<v Speaker 1>That can be good.

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<v Speaker 2>I totally thought it looked be too. And then I

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<v Speaker 2>was like, this is really good. This movie hasn't gotten

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<v Speaker 2>enough credit from me.

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<v Speaker 1>Okay, all right, I'll check it out.

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<v Speaker 2>Okay, So all of the archaeology and anthropology fans are like,

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<v Speaker 2>shut up and start talking about go Beckley tepee. I

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<v Speaker 2>don't know why that was hard. It's really actually a

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<v Speaker 2>very easy word to say, or a pair of words.

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<v Speaker 1>Yeah, I saw tepee. Actually, I don't know how specific

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<v Speaker 1>that gets though.

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<v Speaker 2>That's spoken by people who raise their pinkies when they

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<v Speaker 2>drink their tea.

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<v Speaker 1>Yeah, but a tepee is is like a mound or

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<v Speaker 1>a hill. Correct.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah, go Beckley means belly, so people take it to

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<v Speaker 2>basically mean pop belly hill.

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<v Speaker 1>Yeah, and this this is a place in Turkey, and

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<v Speaker 1>it is an a place where a lot of archaeological

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<v Speaker 1>digging is still going on, and it was one of

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<v Speaker 1>these places that is. And I know you love this

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<v Speaker 1>kind of thing more than anything, but like when an

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<v Speaker 1>archaeological find kind of up ends traditional thought of how

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<v Speaker 1>we thought things were, and this is one of the

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<v Speaker 1>eight examples of that.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah, especially when it's true and not like pseudoscience, like

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<v Speaker 2>somebody's like it was ancient aliens.

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<v Speaker 1>Right, Well, where's the proof?

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<v Speaker 2>They're like, it's ancient aliens? Man, don't don't harsh my mellow.

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<v Speaker 1>Well you want to hear something funny? What part of

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<v Speaker 1>what I watched on YouTube about this was from the

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<v Speaker 1>show Ancient Aliens.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah. Yeah, there's a lot of like pseudo archaeology that

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<v Speaker 2>surrounds this that you have to kind of be careful of. Yeah,

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<v Speaker 2>for sure, this is like true, like this truly has

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<v Speaker 2>upended our current or yeah, I guess still basically our

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<v Speaker 2>current understanding. And that is thus we've told this story

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<v Speaker 2>many many times on this podcast, and it turns out

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<v Speaker 2>that it's probably at least oversimplified, if not just outright

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<v Speaker 2>and correct, But the whole basis of what we're talking

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<v Speaker 2>about has to do with the Neolithic Revolution, which says

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<v Speaker 2>that somewhere around ten eleven thousand years ago, people in

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<v Speaker 2>the Fertile Crescent Mesopotamia started to settle down, raise crops,

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<v Speaker 2>and as they were able to support more people, more

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<v Speaker 2>and more people came and moved to that area. They

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<v Speaker 2>domesticated animals, cities sprung up, and then from the city's

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<v Speaker 2>hierarchies grew and then we had kingdoms and wars and

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<v Speaker 2>all sorts of stuff, and also arts, culture, architecture. All

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<v Speaker 2>that stuff developed from the people first settling down in

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<v Speaker 2>domesticating cross becoming sedentary, like transitioning from hunter gathers to

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<v Speaker 2>farmers essentially, and that that was the start of all

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<v Speaker 2>the other stuff that followed. Go Beckley Teppe turns that

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<v Speaker 2>on its head essentially.

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<v Speaker 1>That's right. And this was one of those discoveries that,

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<v Speaker 1>like I said, really sort of upends everything that we

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<v Speaker 1>thought to be true. The real discovery and you know,

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<v Speaker 1>we'll kind of get to what had happened before this,

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<v Speaker 1>But the big, big find was in nineteen ninety four,

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<v Speaker 1>and that's when you know, archaeologists started really literally digging

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<v Speaker 1>into it. It had been known to local there, you know,

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<v Speaker 1>for a while obviously, because it's sort of like the

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<v Speaker 1>Sherpa that are like climb this mountain all the time.

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<v Speaker 1>There were people living nearby and Turkey in the nineteen

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<v Speaker 1>sixties even that were finding pretty cool stuff here. But

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<v Speaker 1>it wasn't until nineteen ninety four that they made the big,

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<v Speaker 1>big discovery and really, like I said, started digging in

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<v Speaker 1>and forming opinions over and you know, we'll get to

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<v Speaker 1>these because they still haven't settled on exactly what gebecley

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<v Speaker 1>Tepe was.

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<v Speaker 2>No, they haven't, which explains why we haven't said what

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<v Speaker 2>it is yet. But that nineteen sixties survey found a

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<v Speaker 2>bunch of slabs of limestone, but they mistook what they were.

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<v Speaker 2>They mistook their significance. They thought they were gravestones from

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<v Speaker 2>a medieval cemetery, and it would turn out that they

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<v Speaker 2>were about eleven thousand years older than that, because what

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<v Speaker 2>go beckley Tepe was when they started digging it up

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<v Speaker 2>in the nineties under the leadership of a guy named

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<v Speaker 2>Klaus Schmidt, who was the guy who saw this and

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<v Speaker 2>was like, this is not a natural formation, this is

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<v Speaker 2>clearly human made. Let's see what's underneath this hill. He

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<v Speaker 2>found that this was essentially a Neolithic settlement that dates

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<v Speaker 2>back at its earliest spot as far as we know,

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<v Speaker 2>to about eleven thousand, six hundred years before today.

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<v Speaker 1>Yeah, and you know, the significance of all of this,

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<v Speaker 1>if we haven't been clear enough, is that basically they're

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<v Speaker 1>dating this long before like hundreds maybe even a thousand

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<v Speaker 1>years before what we thought was when people started settling

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<v Speaker 1>down and becoming farmers, which led to all the you know,

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<v Speaker 1>modern advances eventually that we know today that, like you mentioned,

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<v Speaker 1>so this was a long long time before that when

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<v Speaker 1>we were like no, no, no, At the time, people were

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<v Speaker 1>just moving around hunting and gathering and kind of just

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<v Speaker 1>I don't know about struggling to survive, but subsistence living,

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<v Speaker 1>you know, from season to season, that kind of thing.

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<v Speaker 1>And ninety four, like you said, was when Schmidt came

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<v Speaker 1>in there and he got pretty excited, like so excited

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<v Speaker 1>that he bought a house nearby and set up camp

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<v Speaker 1>and said, all right, this is going to be the

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<v Speaker 1>base for me and my small team. Anytime students are

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<v Speaker 1>coming over here, they can stay here, and this is

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<v Speaker 1>now the official home base of this extraordinarily interesting archaeological site.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah, and he would go on to lead the dig

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<v Speaker 2>at Gobeca Teppe until his death I think at age

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<v Speaker 2>sixty in twenty fourteen. If I'm not mistake anybody or else,

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<v Speaker 2>you know, well, this was like he was like, well,

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<v Speaker 2>here's my career. This is what I'm doing for the

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<v Speaker 2>rest of my life. Like they're totally they They've been

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<v Speaker 2>digging at Gebecley Tepping now for what thirty years. They've

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<v Speaker 2>easily got another fifty years of excavation left unless some

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<v Speaker 2>huge new technological advance and archaeology comes along, but using

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<v Speaker 2>current practice says they have decades left of exploration to

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<v Speaker 2>do of this site. But what Schmidt found from the

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<v Speaker 2>outset just didn't make sense because, like you said, they

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<v Speaker 2>think that they were building this before people even started

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<v Speaker 2>to settle down and start farming, which means it was

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<v Speaker 2>thousands of years before people should have been able to

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<v Speaker 2>create things like this, like massive structures. That it takes

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<v Speaker 2>a lot of people in a coordinated manner to come

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<v Speaker 2>up with a coherent plan and then build this stuff

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<v Speaker 2>and then also imbue it with symbolism as we'll see,

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<v Speaker 2>it just did not make sense. But the date the

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<v Speaker 2>radiocarbon dating was right and so Klaus Schmidt was smart

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<v Speaker 2>enough to be like, we might have this whole Neolithic

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<v Speaker 2>revolution story wrong.

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<v Speaker 1>Yeah, for sure, so just sort of brass tacks. It

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<v Speaker 1>is in southern Turkey. It's located at the highest point

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<v Speaker 1>of the Germis germ Us unfortunately named Mountain range, which

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<v Speaker 1>is right on the edge of the Fertile Crescent there

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<v Speaker 1>not coincidentally, and the mound itself is about fifty feet tall,

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<v Speaker 1>covers about twenty two acres and it was kind of

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<v Speaker 1>one of these things where basically he had gone there

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<v Speaker 1>he knew that people nearby had dug up some things

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<v Speaker 1>that looked like tools and stuff like that. He was like, well,

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<v Speaker 1>this is pretty interesting. And when he stood back and looked,

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<v Speaker 1>he was like, that hill up there doesn't look like

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<v Speaker 1>the rest of these sort of flatish plateaus. It's more

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<v Speaker 1>rounded and it looks like clearly formed by humans. And

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<v Speaker 1>that's when everyone, you know, all the locals in their language,

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<v Speaker 1>said no, duh, we've known this for a while. So

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<v Speaker 1>he said, all right, you know, I'm going to set

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<v Speaker 1>up shop here, and they got to work, starting with

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<v Speaker 1>that uppermost level, which was what did we figure it

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<v Speaker 1>was like ten thousand ish years ago.

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<v Speaker 2>Yes, so the most recent use of it was ten

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<v Speaker 2>thousand years ago. And Olivia helps us with this, and

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<v Speaker 2>she pointed something out that I thought is definitely worth mentioning.

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<v Speaker 2>The go Beckley Tepe site was older to the people

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<v Speaker 2>who built the pyramids at Giza and Stonehenge. Then the

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<v Speaker 2>people who built the pyramids and Stonehenge are to us.

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<v Speaker 2>It's that ancient, that like, it was, yeah, thousands and

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<v Speaker 2>thousands of years old. That ancient when the people started

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<v Speaker 2>building the pyramids. It's just yeah, like you said, it's

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<v Speaker 2>a brain breaker, like how old this thing was, and

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<v Speaker 2>then what they were able to do and what they're

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<v Speaker 2>able to do. So, by the way, no one knows

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<v Speaker 2>what culture this is, because again it's not supposed to

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<v Speaker 2>be a culture from our understanding of people at the time.

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<v Speaker 2>I've seen interpretations of communities at around this time what's

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<v Speaker 2>called the pre pottery Neolithic, which is a specific era

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<v Speaker 2>in the Fertile Crescent where there wasn't pottery. Pottery existed

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<v Speaker 2>elsewhere in the world, like Japan was making a maze

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<v Speaker 2>using conk shell pottery around this time. China has twenty

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<v Speaker 2>thousand year old pottery, but just in the fertile Christ

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<v Speaker 2>and they hadn't started making pottery yet, so they're called

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<v Speaker 2>the pre pottery Neolithic group essentially. But suffice to say,

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<v Speaker 2>this group got together and decided to build this at

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<v Speaker 2>least as far back as eleven six hundred years ago,

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<v Speaker 2>and then they stopped using it about ten thousand years ago.

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<v Speaker 1>Yeah, so they started top down, like you said, the

0:12:31.880 --> 0:12:34.640
<v Speaker 1>most recent use would be the stuff on top, obviously,

0:12:35.280 --> 0:12:39.280
<v Speaker 1>and they started to notice, wow, there are actually buildings

0:12:39.280 --> 0:12:43.200
<v Speaker 1>here with straight walls, so that means that somebody shaped those.

0:12:43.240 --> 0:12:45.400
<v Speaker 1>It wasn't just by pure chance or luck that those

0:12:45.440 --> 0:12:49.320
<v Speaker 1>walls ended up being straight. They found these limestone pillars.

0:12:49.960 --> 0:12:52.400
<v Speaker 1>There were about two meters high on this upper level.

0:12:52.920 --> 0:12:56.120
<v Speaker 1>Some of them had decorations on them. These upper ones

0:12:56.120 --> 0:12:59.960
<v Speaker 1>had etchings of lions. And then they started going down.

0:13:00.600 --> 0:13:03.760
<v Speaker 1>Obviously things are getting a little bit older, and then

0:13:03.800 --> 0:13:06.520
<v Speaker 1>they said, wow, these pillars are getting a lot bigger

0:13:06.559 --> 0:13:09.120
<v Speaker 1>than the ones on top. Some of these things are

0:13:09.160 --> 0:13:12.960
<v Speaker 1>fifteen to eighteen feet high, weigh about ten tons, and

0:13:13.040 --> 0:13:16.439
<v Speaker 1>they look like they're arranged in very specific ways. There

0:13:16.440 --> 0:13:21.199
<v Speaker 1>were at least twenty circles or ovals that had these

0:13:21.320 --> 0:13:24.679
<v Speaker 1>that basically made up these enclosures, and there were you know,

0:13:25.160 --> 0:13:27.320
<v Speaker 1>some of them actually were shaped in such a way

0:13:27.360 --> 0:13:31.800
<v Speaker 1>that they wondered, like, it's no accident that they're shaped

0:13:31.800 --> 0:13:33.600
<v Speaker 1>in the form of a triangle. If you connect them,

0:13:33.760 --> 0:13:35.440
<v Speaker 1>like it might be like a stone hinge kind of

0:13:35.440 --> 0:13:36.040
<v Speaker 1>thing happening.

0:13:36.400 --> 0:13:39.160
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, that's definitely one theory is that at least part

0:13:39.160 --> 0:13:43.839
<v Speaker 2>of this was a cosmic observatory. And yeah, like you said,

0:13:43.960 --> 0:13:47.559
<v Speaker 2>the settlement overall the site forms it like some of

0:13:47.600 --> 0:13:51.000
<v Speaker 2>the columns form an equilateral triangle, and then the center

0:13:51.040 --> 0:13:54.400
<v Speaker 2>of the site bisects that triangle perfectly. So it's just

0:13:54.520 --> 0:13:58.040
<v Speaker 2>it's not accidental. And again, people weren't supposed to be

0:13:58.480 --> 0:14:01.720
<v Speaker 2>using geometry, even root menary geometry at this point for

0:14:01.840 --> 0:14:05.120
<v Speaker 2>thousands of more years, and yet these people were doing it.

0:14:06.240 --> 0:14:08.160
<v Speaker 2>Some of the other things that they figured out, as

0:14:08.920 --> 0:14:12.319
<v Speaker 2>the limestone did come from the area, but it still

0:14:12.360 --> 0:14:17.319
<v Speaker 2>came from hundreds of meters away, right, So these you said,

0:14:17.400 --> 0:14:21.240
<v Speaker 2>sixteen feet about five and a half meters ten tons

0:14:21.840 --> 0:14:25.520
<v Speaker 2>of rocks carved out of the limestone bedrock and then

0:14:25.960 --> 0:14:30.120
<v Speaker 2>carried over to this site and then raised. That takes

0:14:30.160 --> 0:14:33.120
<v Speaker 2>a lot of people, even using like logs and rollers

0:14:33.120 --> 0:14:35.480
<v Speaker 2>and things like that it still takes a lot of coordination,

0:14:36.680 --> 0:14:39.680
<v Speaker 2>and yeah, it takes a lot of determination too. And

0:14:39.720 --> 0:14:42.320
<v Speaker 2>to me, the fact that those columns are smaller and

0:14:42.360 --> 0:14:46.240
<v Speaker 2>smaller the more recent you get, and then bigger further

0:14:46.360 --> 0:14:49.280
<v Speaker 2>down almost suggests that there was like a loss of

0:14:49.560 --> 0:14:51.600
<v Speaker 2>enthusiasm over time.

0:14:52.560 --> 0:14:53.440
<v Speaker 1>They got worn out.

0:14:53.800 --> 0:14:57.200
<v Speaker 2>I think so, yeah, over thirteen hundred years or yeah,

0:14:57.240 --> 0:14:58.160
<v Speaker 2>thirteen hundred.

0:14:57.920 --> 0:15:00.720
<v Speaker 1>Years, they're like, hey, those inner levels look great, but

0:15:00.840 --> 0:15:04.040
<v Speaker 1>do we really need that much headroom? The tallest one

0:15:04.040 --> 0:15:05.480
<v Speaker 1>among us is five and a half feet.

0:15:05.840 --> 0:15:08.040
<v Speaker 2>Right, Yeah, they were shorter back then, I think.

0:15:08.960 --> 0:15:11.560
<v Speaker 1>But here's the thing. Everything you mentioned there is possible

0:15:11.840 --> 0:15:15.760
<v Speaker 1>that limestone is pretty soft as stone goes, and the

0:15:15.760 --> 0:15:18.520
<v Speaker 1>flint tools that they had back then could have been

0:15:18.640 --> 0:15:21.440
<v Speaker 1>used to do something like this. And depending on who

0:15:21.480 --> 0:15:24.880
<v Speaker 1>you talk to, some people will say, like, you know,

0:15:24.920 --> 0:15:27.320
<v Speaker 1>it may have taken a few hundred very determined people

0:15:27.360 --> 0:15:31.120
<v Speaker 1>to move these things. Other people Olivia found this one

0:15:31.120 --> 0:15:35.040
<v Speaker 1>guy and archaeologist named Edward Banning from the University of

0:15:35.040 --> 0:15:39.040
<v Speaker 1>Toronto that said, nah, give me, give me twenty crown men,

0:15:39.200 --> 0:15:41.640
<v Speaker 1>and I could do this even without rollers.

0:15:41.920 --> 0:15:46.920
<v Speaker 2>Yeah. Watch, yeah, no one ever called us bluff. Should

0:15:46.960 --> 0:15:48.960
<v Speaker 2>we take a break yeah, let's take a break.

0:15:49.320 --> 0:15:52.000
<v Speaker 1>All right, great setup, everyone's on the edge of their

0:15:52.480 --> 0:15:53.960
<v Speaker 1>limestone seat and we'll be right.

0:15:53.840 --> 0:16:23.400
<v Speaker 2>Back, okay, Chuck. So one of the things that I

0:16:23.480 --> 0:16:26.560
<v Speaker 2>mentioned earlier is that these people not only created these

0:16:27.160 --> 0:16:33.360
<v Speaker 2>huge pillars and walls and enclosures, they also put they

0:16:33.480 --> 0:16:36.800
<v Speaker 2>carved them. There's a lot of symbols on this stuff,

0:16:36.840 --> 0:16:43.040
<v Speaker 2>and essentially they're pictograms like they're symbols that directly represent

0:16:43.720 --> 0:16:47.240
<v Speaker 2>the thing they are. There's not any encoded meaning to it,

0:16:47.320 --> 0:16:49.760
<v Speaker 2>like if it's a bird, it's supposed to be a bird.

0:16:50.280 --> 0:16:54.320
<v Speaker 2>And there's a lot of really readable symbols, like they're

0:16:54.640 --> 0:16:57.240
<v Speaker 2>it's not like, wow, it's photo realistic, but you can

0:16:57.280 --> 0:17:00.000
<v Speaker 2>clearly see this is a bird, this is a gazelle,

0:17:00.440 --> 0:17:04.520
<v Speaker 2>this is a fox, this is a scorpion. And they

0:17:04.560 --> 0:17:08.600
<v Speaker 2>started to notice that some of the enclosures were essentially

0:17:08.600 --> 0:17:12.200
<v Speaker 2>dedicated to one kind of animal. But the biggest enclosure

0:17:12.280 --> 0:17:15.800
<v Speaker 2>enclosure D was there's a bunch of different animals on

0:17:15.880 --> 0:17:19.280
<v Speaker 2>the like scratched or carved into the different kind of

0:17:19.320 --> 0:17:21.960
<v Speaker 2>pillars and walls and everything, And there's a lot of

0:17:22.000 --> 0:17:24.040
<v Speaker 2>interpretation just in that stuff alone.

0:17:24.600 --> 0:17:27.680
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, for sure, like the ones where it's just like nothing,

0:17:27.720 --> 0:17:31.359
<v Speaker 1>but Foxes. They think could have been a specific clan

0:17:32.080 --> 0:17:34.200
<v Speaker 1>because it was part of the clan system, like clan

0:17:34.280 --> 0:17:36.280
<v Speaker 1>of the cave Bear, it would have carved a bunch

0:17:36.320 --> 0:17:39.000
<v Speaker 1>of cave bears. So if it was a fox clan,

0:17:39.080 --> 0:17:41.760
<v Speaker 1>they may have just carved foxes. But it might make

0:17:41.800 --> 0:17:44.399
<v Speaker 1>sense that the biggest one because you know, there's still

0:17:44.560 --> 0:17:47.199
<v Speaker 1>you know, as we pointed out, guessing as to what

0:17:47.320 --> 0:17:49.320
<v Speaker 1>even was going on and what all this stuff was

0:17:49.400 --> 0:17:52.040
<v Speaker 1>used for and what it all meant. So I think

0:17:52.080 --> 0:17:54.120
<v Speaker 1>it just sort of makes sense that maybe the biggest

0:17:54.160 --> 0:17:57.840
<v Speaker 1>one was maybe where groupings of clans came, so they

0:17:57.840 --> 0:18:01.560
<v Speaker 1>were all represented by their favorite football pretty much.

0:18:01.640 --> 0:18:04.840
<v Speaker 2>Yeah. One of the things also that gave away that

0:18:04.920 --> 0:18:08.720
<v Speaker 2>fox enclosure is that one of the carvings says foxes

0:18:08.920 --> 0:18:14.920
<v Speaker 2>rule and it's foxz, So clearly they were pretty yeah, exactly.

0:18:16.119 --> 0:18:19.760
<v Speaker 2>So those pillars too, sixteen feet five and a half

0:18:19.880 --> 0:18:23.320
<v Speaker 2>meter ten ton pillars at the largest if you look

0:18:23.320 --> 0:18:27.320
<v Speaker 2>at them, they actually represent people, but they represent like

0:18:27.359 --> 0:18:32.480
<v Speaker 2>a really non descript type of person.

0:18:32.880 --> 0:18:33.040
<v Speaker 1>Yea.

0:18:33.400 --> 0:18:36.199
<v Speaker 2>So these are T shaped pillars. So at first I

0:18:36.320 --> 0:18:38.959
<v Speaker 2>just assume, well, that's like you know, shoulders, and then

0:18:39.080 --> 0:18:41.720
<v Speaker 2>like the head's carved into the middle of the shoulders. Wrong.

0:18:42.119 --> 0:18:45.480
<v Speaker 2>The tea itself is actually the head viewed from the side,

0:18:45.800 --> 0:18:48.439
<v Speaker 2>so that when you look at the narrow ends on

0:18:48.560 --> 0:18:50.960
<v Speaker 2>each side of that top of the tee, that's the

0:18:51.000 --> 0:18:53.280
<v Speaker 2>face in the back of the head. I thought that

0:18:53.400 --> 0:18:56.160
<v Speaker 2>was a really strange artistic decision.

0:18:56.720 --> 0:19:00.520
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, for sure. The other thing too, is I don't

0:19:00.560 --> 0:19:02.240
<v Speaker 1>think we mentioned that kind of One of the first

0:19:02.520 --> 0:19:05.199
<v Speaker 1>theories was that, or maybe we did, that it was

0:19:05.480 --> 0:19:08.840
<v Speaker 1>kind of ritual based, because I think when they find

0:19:08.880 --> 0:19:11.040
<v Speaker 1>anything from this time, they think, well, this wasn't a

0:19:11.040 --> 0:19:13.879
<v Speaker 1>permanent settlement because they didn't have those, so this was

0:19:13.920 --> 0:19:17.160
<v Speaker 1>just a place where they did rituals and maybe sacrifices

0:19:17.280 --> 0:19:21.440
<v Speaker 1>or whatever, prayed to whatever God. They did find things

0:19:21.520 --> 0:19:27.080
<v Speaker 1>like masks that maybe were ceremonial that at least lent

0:19:27.160 --> 0:19:29.080
<v Speaker 1>itself to the idea that that could have been going

0:19:29.119 --> 0:19:33.440
<v Speaker 1>on there. They did find some other images that weren't

0:19:33.440 --> 0:19:36.280
<v Speaker 1>as straightforward as the sort of clear ones that you described,

0:19:36.440 --> 0:19:40.440
<v Speaker 1>like birds with human legs, and they speculate that could

0:19:40.440 --> 0:19:44.200
<v Speaker 1>have been like maybe people in costume at a ritual

0:19:44.560 --> 0:19:47.800
<v Speaker 1>or a rite that we're displaying here in this little story,

0:19:48.960 --> 0:19:50.960
<v Speaker 1>and the fun part about all of this is that

0:19:51.000 --> 0:19:54.040
<v Speaker 1>they seem to have been drinking beer at the time,

0:19:54.040 --> 0:19:57.200
<v Speaker 1>because there were beer brewing vats nearby.

0:19:57.320 --> 0:20:00.159
<v Speaker 2>Like huge fats. It could brew tens and tens of

0:20:00.200 --> 0:20:03.600
<v Speaker 2>gallons at a time, and that supports this idea that

0:20:03.640 --> 0:20:07.040
<v Speaker 2>this was a ritual place. I mean, just the fact

0:20:07.040 --> 0:20:09.399
<v Speaker 2>that they went to the trouble of making this, and

0:20:09.400 --> 0:20:12.080
<v Speaker 2>then the fact that they added these symbols to these

0:20:12.240 --> 0:20:15.560
<v Speaker 2>huge monolists that they raised, and then the fact that

0:20:15.600 --> 0:20:18.640
<v Speaker 2>there was beer strongly supports that they were essentially partying

0:20:18.680 --> 0:20:21.680
<v Speaker 2>in one way or another at Go Beckley Tepee. Right.

0:20:23.320 --> 0:20:26.960
<v Speaker 2>But in addition to that, in those very obvious pictograms

0:20:27.040 --> 0:20:31.160
<v Speaker 2>or pictographs, there's also some straight up symbols that are

0:20:31.200 --> 0:20:37.080
<v Speaker 2>not immediately obvious that does suggest that there was meaning

0:20:37.160 --> 0:20:41.320
<v Speaker 2>and coded in it, which would make it writing. There's

0:20:41.400 --> 0:20:45.000
<v Speaker 2>a what looks like a capital ie that keeps popping

0:20:45.080 --> 0:20:48.160
<v Speaker 2>up here. There. There's also a capital H that's usually

0:20:48.600 --> 0:20:52.560
<v Speaker 2>associated with the capital ie, and they think it's possible

0:20:52.600 --> 0:20:56.600
<v Speaker 2>that represented the summer solstice in the winter solstice or

0:20:56.840 --> 0:21:01.720
<v Speaker 2>day and night because it's just used so repeatedly. One

0:21:01.720 --> 0:21:04.360
<v Speaker 2>of the other reasons they think that is a guy

0:21:04.440 --> 0:21:07.920
<v Speaker 2>named Martin Sweatman, who's an engineering researcher from the University

0:21:07.960 --> 0:21:13.960
<v Speaker 2>of Edinburgh. He he analyzed one of the one of

0:21:14.000 --> 0:21:17.480
<v Speaker 2>the pillars and there's a bunch of different markings on them,

0:21:17.480 --> 0:21:22.360
<v Speaker 2>and he interpreted them as essentially a calendar that not

0:21:22.400 --> 0:21:25.760
<v Speaker 2>only you could track the year with, but he took

0:21:25.760 --> 0:21:29.520
<v Speaker 2>it to be like a timestamp for a potential common

0:21:29.600 --> 0:21:33.800
<v Speaker 2>impact that allegedly set off the younger driest mini ice age.

0:21:34.359 --> 0:21:37.520
<v Speaker 2>So if that's true, that means that they were proto

0:21:37.560 --> 0:21:41.399
<v Speaker 2>writing seven thousand years before the Sumerians came up with

0:21:41.520 --> 0:21:45.960
<v Speaker 2>the what's considered the first alphabet seven thousand years Yeah.

0:21:46.000 --> 0:21:49.560
<v Speaker 2>And then in addition to that, they they were able

0:21:49.600 --> 0:21:53.040
<v Speaker 2>to track the procession of Earth, that they were able

0:21:53.080 --> 0:21:56.760
<v Speaker 2>to account for the wobble that changes the time and

0:21:57.359 --> 0:22:01.800
<v Speaker 2>days throughout the year enough that they could create a

0:22:01.920 --> 0:22:06.760
<v Speaker 2>lunar calendar, and they supposedly, if this actually is a

0:22:06.800 --> 0:22:10.160
<v Speaker 2>time stamp, they were able to date things that were

0:22:10.280 --> 0:22:13.840
<v Speaker 2>like major celestial events like meteor showers or again a

0:22:13.880 --> 0:22:15.040
<v Speaker 2>potential commet strike.

0:22:15.960 --> 0:22:19.680
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, and this is like, I mean, I guess we'll

0:22:19.720 --> 0:22:22.639
<v Speaker 1>talk about the significance of calendars in a couple of

0:22:22.640 --> 0:22:26.720
<v Speaker 1>ways here and later. But one thing to think about

0:22:26.800 --> 0:22:30.399
<v Speaker 1>is like, if you're hunter gatherers and you're not around

0:22:30.480 --> 0:22:33.000
<v Speaker 1>very long, like, what do you need a twelve month calendar? For?

0:22:34.280 --> 0:22:36.199
<v Speaker 1>Another way of looking at it, and this kind of

0:22:37.560 --> 0:22:39.680
<v Speaker 1>kind of lends itself to some of the later theories

0:22:39.840 --> 0:22:43.280
<v Speaker 1>is that, well, maybe we'll hold on to that. That'll

0:22:43.280 --> 0:22:44.159
<v Speaker 1>be a nice little teaser.

0:22:44.200 --> 0:22:47.480
<v Speaker 2>Actually even I'm teased, but we.

0:22:47.440 --> 0:22:49.640
<v Speaker 1>Can talk about this right now, which is the fact

0:22:49.680 --> 0:22:54.320
<v Speaker 1>that they found remnants of bones and wild plants and

0:22:54.400 --> 0:22:57.960
<v Speaker 1>things that pretty much clearly indicate that they had been

0:22:58.000 --> 0:23:02.880
<v Speaker 1>butchered and cooked. There mostly gazelle, about sixty percent were gazelle,

0:23:03.480 --> 0:23:06.200
<v Speaker 1>but they also add sheep and deer and wild boar

0:23:06.840 --> 0:23:09.560
<v Speaker 1>and birds like geese and ducks and cranes and things

0:23:09.600 --> 0:23:12.080
<v Speaker 1>like that, So they were it seems like they were

0:23:12.119 --> 0:23:15.200
<v Speaker 1>eating and drinking pretty well here they were.

0:23:15.680 --> 0:23:20.160
<v Speaker 2>This also supports Chuck because if they were not farmers

0:23:20.280 --> 0:23:22.919
<v Speaker 2>and they were just hunter gatherers who would come to

0:23:23.000 --> 0:23:26.720
<v Speaker 2>this area, you know, occasionally, and they were making beer,

0:23:27.119 --> 0:23:29.320
<v Speaker 2>that supports that idea that we've talked about before that

0:23:29.400 --> 0:23:32.399
<v Speaker 2>bread was actually invented as a portable beer starter.

0:23:33.640 --> 0:23:35.280
<v Speaker 1>Oh yeah, because of that, Old Jim.

0:23:35.640 --> 0:23:39.520
<v Speaker 2>This says that beer came before farming, then if this

0:23:39.680 --> 0:23:43.359
<v Speaker 2>is what's going on here, for interpreting this correctly, so

0:23:43.440 --> 0:23:46.760
<v Speaker 2>that is very significant too. The bones and the plants

0:23:46.800 --> 0:23:50.760
<v Speaker 2>that they found at the site are all wild and

0:23:50.920 --> 0:23:56.640
<v Speaker 2>that strongly suggests to researchers, not just us, that these

0:23:56.720 --> 0:23:59.360
<v Speaker 2>were these were hunter gathers. They weren't farmers at all.

0:23:59.400 --> 0:24:03.840
<v Speaker 2>There was no sign of domesticated animal bones. And even more,

0:24:03.880 --> 0:24:06.680
<v Speaker 2>if you look at all of the animals on any

0:24:06.720 --> 0:24:09.840
<v Speaker 2>of the engravings or carvings or sculptures, they are all

0:24:09.840 --> 0:24:12.639
<v Speaker 2>wild animals too. There's not a single sheep or pig

0:24:13.080 --> 0:24:16.640
<v Speaker 2>or anything like that, any domesticated animal to be found,

0:24:16.880 --> 0:24:19.439
<v Speaker 2>Like even the pig is the wild boars. They're just

0:24:19.520 --> 0:24:22.000
<v Speaker 2>all wild animals. And that will become a little more

0:24:22.520 --> 0:24:23.600
<v Speaker 2>significant in a second.

0:24:24.280 --> 0:24:27.280
<v Speaker 1>Yeah. The other thing too we didn't mention is that

0:24:27.400 --> 0:24:31.560
<v Speaker 1>lends itself to the idea that things were still very transient.

0:24:31.680 --> 0:24:35.040
<v Speaker 1>Was they didn't find things that you normally find, at

0:24:35.119 --> 0:24:38.919
<v Speaker 1>least at this point as a permanent settlement, like trash,

0:24:39.080 --> 0:24:44.000
<v Speaker 1>like big buried mounds of trash, or any indication that

0:24:44.040 --> 0:24:48.280
<v Speaker 1>there were homes there, or like a hearth where someone

0:24:48.400 --> 0:24:50.679
<v Speaker 1>might have burned a fire repeatedly over and over in

0:24:50.720 --> 0:24:55.200
<v Speaker 1>the same home like place. So they're not finding that stuff,

0:24:55.280 --> 0:24:59.080
<v Speaker 1>they're finding other things that kind of contradict that you

0:24:59.160 --> 0:25:04.320
<v Speaker 1>mention those human like carvings. There were other ones that

0:25:04.560 --> 0:25:09.680
<v Speaker 1>had like pretty clear symbolism of death, like a fully

0:25:09.680 --> 0:25:14.240
<v Speaker 1>carved human sculpture where they intentionally cut off the head.

0:25:15.080 --> 0:25:17.080
<v Speaker 1>So it wasn't just like, you know, hey, look it's

0:25:17.080 --> 0:25:19.680
<v Speaker 1>a person without a head. They would carve it into

0:25:19.720 --> 0:25:23.359
<v Speaker 1>a person, cut off the head, and then place that

0:25:23.480 --> 0:25:29.280
<v Speaker 1>head somewhere else. That was significant to them, clearly symbolization, symbolization,

0:25:29.840 --> 0:25:31.480
<v Speaker 1>symbolizing something. Yeah.

0:25:32.080 --> 0:25:35.840
<v Speaker 2>Sure, yeah. So you put all that stuff together, and

0:25:35.920 --> 0:25:39.399
<v Speaker 2>what you have is this hypothesis that Klaus Schmidt came

0:25:39.480 --> 0:25:42.240
<v Speaker 2>up with. Remember he's the guy who essentially discovered this

0:25:42.320 --> 0:25:47.480
<v Speaker 2>place and kept going until twenty fourteen. His hypothesis was this,

0:25:47.880 --> 0:25:53.199
<v Speaker 2>because there's no evidence of permanent habitation, right like you

0:25:53.240 --> 0:25:56.520
<v Speaker 2>were saying, because all of this stuff is wild game

0:25:56.600 --> 0:26:01.439
<v Speaker 2>and wild plants that's left over, and because these structures

0:26:01.480 --> 0:26:05.399
<v Speaker 2>don't appear to ever have been roofed, like these enclosures

0:26:05.400 --> 0:26:08.159
<v Speaker 2>were always open air. You put all that together, this

0:26:08.240 --> 0:26:11.760
<v Speaker 2>was not a permanent settlement. It was a settlement that

0:26:11.920 --> 0:26:16.639
<v Speaker 2>was created for religious purposes or spiritual purposes or something

0:26:16.760 --> 0:26:23.720
<v Speaker 2>like that, symbolic purposes by hunter gatherer groups, and every year,

0:26:23.800 --> 0:26:26.199
<v Speaker 2>a couple of years or whenever, a bunch of them

0:26:26.280 --> 0:26:28.800
<v Speaker 2>from all around the area would come together and they

0:26:28.840 --> 0:26:31.120
<v Speaker 2>would party, they would eat, they would drink a bunch

0:26:31.119 --> 0:26:33.359
<v Speaker 2>of beer, and they would carve out these pillars and

0:26:33.440 --> 0:26:38.320
<v Speaker 2>raise them. And then weirdly, Schmid also added, they would

0:26:38.760 --> 0:26:42.960
<v Speaker 2>fill these enclosures in with rubble ceremonially, because when they

0:26:43.040 --> 0:26:46.760
<v Speaker 2>discovered them, all the enclosures were well filled in with rubble.

0:26:46.800 --> 0:26:49.040
<v Speaker 2>So he interpreted that to mean that that was part

0:26:49.080 --> 0:26:52.320
<v Speaker 2>of this ceremony. They would cover one up and then

0:26:52.280 --> 0:26:53.720
<v Speaker 2>they'd build another one on top.

0:26:54.680 --> 0:26:55.720
<v Speaker 1>He said it was Coachella.

0:26:56.760 --> 0:26:58.840
<v Speaker 2>Do they fill things in with rubble at Coachella?

0:26:59.520 --> 0:27:03.000
<v Speaker 1>No, of course not. The Indio Polo grounds are very nice, actually,

0:27:03.040 --> 0:27:05.919
<v Speaker 1>But he did sort of say, like, hey, this is

0:27:06.000 --> 0:27:07.560
<v Speaker 1>the kind of thing that we think they just met

0:27:07.560 --> 0:27:13.399
<v Speaker 1>here occasionally over decades, maybe even hundreds of years. Maybe

0:27:13.400 --> 0:27:17.119
<v Speaker 1>these rituals sort of evolved over time to maybe, you know,

0:27:17.119 --> 0:27:21.000
<v Speaker 1>because there's clear sort of death symbolism in places to

0:27:21.080 --> 0:27:24.160
<v Speaker 1>honor people that were important to the community maybe help

0:27:24.280 --> 0:27:30.479
<v Speaker 1>establish their identity somewhat as wandering tribes. And that's what

0:27:30.560 --> 0:27:32.040
<v Speaker 1>he thought, you know, one of the keys to this

0:27:32.119 --> 0:27:36.320
<v Speaker 1>whole thing, Yeah, was that to do something like this,

0:27:36.960 --> 0:27:40.040
<v Speaker 1>they would have had to had you know, even if

0:27:40.080 --> 0:27:42.639
<v Speaker 1>they were hunters and gatherers, they had to have had

0:27:42.680 --> 0:27:46.040
<v Speaker 1>a lot of people there that stayed there for long

0:27:46.160 --> 0:27:48.400
<v Speaker 1>enough time to get this done.

0:27:48.560 --> 0:27:52.000
<v Speaker 2>Yes, and that over time, over those decades or centuries,

0:27:52.400 --> 0:27:55.320
<v Speaker 2>it just attracted more and more and more people to

0:27:55.400 --> 0:27:59.879
<v Speaker 2>the area. And so rather than the monumental structures and

0:28:00.160 --> 0:28:05.320
<v Speaker 2>religion arising from farming, Klaus Schmidt said, coming together to

0:28:05.400 --> 0:28:10.359
<v Speaker 2>create this religious structure actually essentially trap people in the

0:28:10.400 --> 0:28:13.880
<v Speaker 2>area where they became farmers. We had it totally backwards.

0:28:13.920 --> 0:28:15.480
<v Speaker 2>That was Schmidt's hypothesis.

0:28:15.880 --> 0:28:21.240
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, it was like a geological geological chicken or the

0:28:21.280 --> 0:28:23.720
<v Speaker 1>egg or I guess archaeological chicken or the egg.

0:28:24.080 --> 0:28:26.520
<v Speaker 2>Yes, but the chicken came first.

0:28:27.359 --> 0:28:29.040
<v Speaker 1>That's right, that's right.

0:28:29.480 --> 0:28:31.159
<v Speaker 2>You know, that's the answer to that question.

0:28:32.200 --> 0:28:33.240
<v Speaker 1>Oh, yeah, we've covered it.

0:28:33.400 --> 0:28:37.800
<v Speaker 2>Okay, we're not going to again. I'll tell you that.

0:28:38.600 --> 0:28:41.000
<v Speaker 1>No. Heck no, why reach read something?

0:28:42.280 --> 0:28:44.800
<v Speaker 2>So do you want to take another breaker? Is it

0:28:44.840 --> 0:28:45.240
<v Speaker 2>too soon?

0:28:45.920 --> 0:28:48.520
<v Speaker 1>Well, let's take a break right after this, because there

0:28:48.600 --> 0:28:51.280
<v Speaker 1>was one other thing that we should point out is

0:28:52.040 --> 0:28:54.920
<v Speaker 1>some of the other things sort of supporting this idea

0:28:54.920 --> 0:28:58.360
<v Speaker 1>of Schmidt was they didn't see a water source anywhere,

0:28:58.880 --> 0:29:01.280
<v Speaker 1>which wouldn't be a good place for people to permanently be.

0:29:02.160 --> 0:29:06.840
<v Speaker 1>And what else. I already mentioned the garbage dumps and

0:29:06.880 --> 0:29:09.239
<v Speaker 1>the lack of houses, so I guess the only thing

0:29:09.280 --> 0:29:10.960
<v Speaker 1>I didn't mention was the water source.

0:29:11.240 --> 0:29:15.400
<v Speaker 2>Right. The thing is Klaus Schmidt was I think he

0:29:15.480 --> 0:29:18.320
<v Speaker 2>formed this hypothesis, you know, within a couple of years

0:29:18.320 --> 0:29:21.880
<v Speaker 2>of starting excavation, and it held up at least until

0:29:21.920 --> 0:29:26.800
<v Speaker 2>his death. But after his death, some new evidence came

0:29:26.840 --> 0:29:29.000
<v Speaker 2>to light that caused people to go back and re

0:29:29.040 --> 0:29:31.040
<v Speaker 2>look at some of the original evidence too, or some

0:29:31.080 --> 0:29:33.680
<v Speaker 2>of the original artifacts and data, and they were like,

0:29:34.000 --> 0:29:36.360
<v Speaker 2>we're not quite sure Klaus Schmidt had it right. And

0:29:36.400 --> 0:29:38.920
<v Speaker 2>we'll talk about what they came up with the new

0:29:39.000 --> 0:29:40.840
<v Speaker 2>hypothesis right after this.

0:30:09.480 --> 0:30:11.720
<v Speaker 1>One person we need to shout out besides Olivia is

0:30:11.960 --> 0:30:16.080
<v Speaker 1>a journalist named Andrew Curry. By the way, he's kind

0:30:16.080 --> 0:30:19.040
<v Speaker 1>of the guy that has invested He's kind of like

0:30:19.080 --> 0:30:21.640
<v Speaker 1>the Schmidt on the journalism side. For decades and decades,

0:30:21.680 --> 0:30:24.959
<v Speaker 1>this guy's been writing about most of the popular stories

0:30:24.960 --> 0:30:35.920
<v Speaker 1>about the Gibilecki, Giblic Giblick, Glavin, the Schenectady Tepe, the

0:30:35.960 --> 0:30:39.560
<v Speaker 1>big shout out, big shout out there. But before we

0:30:39.600 --> 0:30:43.880
<v Speaker 1>broke you mentioned new ideas coming along post Schmidt. In

0:30:43.920 --> 0:30:48.760
<v Speaker 1>twenty seventeen, his successor Won Lee Claire of the German

0:30:48.880 --> 0:30:56.080
<v Speaker 1>Archaeological Institute or the DAI. They built a German shorthand

0:30:56.080 --> 0:30:58.880
<v Speaker 1>for that, they constructed a big old canopy over the

0:30:58.920 --> 0:31:01.280
<v Speaker 1>whole thing so they could dig more, because I don't

0:31:01.280 --> 0:31:03.440
<v Speaker 1>think we mentioned for many, many years they were digging

0:31:04.120 --> 0:31:06.120
<v Speaker 1>in the spring and fall because summer was too hot,

0:31:06.160 --> 0:31:07.080
<v Speaker 1>winter was too wet.

0:31:07.160 --> 0:31:09.640
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, just four months a year, right, Yeah.

0:31:09.400 --> 0:31:12.280
<v Speaker 1>So they could dig dig more with this big canopy

0:31:12.320 --> 0:31:15.479
<v Speaker 1>over it, shielding from the sun and rain and in

0:31:15.560 --> 0:31:16.920
<v Speaker 1>order to build I mean, this is kind of one

0:31:16.920 --> 0:31:19.080
<v Speaker 1>of those dumb luck kind of things that they probably

0:31:19.120 --> 0:31:22.960
<v Speaker 1>would have gotten to eventually, but it expedited the situation

0:31:23.080 --> 0:31:26.320
<v Speaker 1>when they realized to make this big canopy not just

0:31:26.320 --> 0:31:28.600
<v Speaker 1>like a pop up with sandbags, They needed to like

0:31:28.680 --> 0:31:31.480
<v Speaker 1>root this thing into the ground. So they dug down

0:31:31.640 --> 0:31:35.280
<v Speaker 1>deeper than they ever had before to make supports and

0:31:35.560 --> 0:31:37.120
<v Speaker 1>had some interesting fines down there.

0:31:37.720 --> 0:31:40.920
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, and just not deeper than anyone in the world

0:31:40.960 --> 0:31:43.920
<v Speaker 2>ever had before, just in this area. Right.

0:31:45.320 --> 0:31:48.480
<v Speaker 1>Oh yeah, did you think I mean they take the

0:31:49.200 --> 0:31:50.320
<v Speaker 1>dug the defice hole ever.

0:31:50.480 --> 0:31:52.680
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, they just kept going. They're like, well, we're already

0:31:52.720 --> 0:31:54.360
<v Speaker 2>this far, we might as well set a record.

0:31:54.840 --> 0:31:55.320
<v Speaker 1>Wow.

0:31:55.960 --> 0:31:58.440
<v Speaker 2>They so they found they were able to take samples

0:31:58.440 --> 0:32:02.000
<v Speaker 2>from those pillar holes. I think they went down even

0:32:02.080 --> 0:32:05.640
<v Speaker 2>below the lowest layer they could possibly find. So when

0:32:05.840 --> 0:32:08.280
<v Speaker 2>they took those samples, they were like, oh, here's all

0:32:08.280 --> 0:32:11.160
<v Speaker 2>the stuff that Klaus Schmidt based his hypothesis on. Because

0:32:11.160 --> 0:32:15.320
<v Speaker 2>they were missing garbage dumps, hearts, evidence of homes. We

0:32:15.360 --> 0:32:22.200
<v Speaker 2>found a cistern eventually, like a thirty foot diameter cistern

0:32:22.240 --> 0:32:24.600
<v Speaker 2>that held a bunch of rain water, all the stuff

0:32:24.640 --> 0:32:27.960
<v Speaker 2>you would need to support a permanent settlement.

0:32:29.040 --> 0:32:31.400
<v Speaker 1>Yeah. I can't decide. When I read this part of

0:32:31.400 --> 0:32:35.600
<v Speaker 1>the story, I immediately was like, oh, no, Like I

0:32:35.640 --> 0:32:38.120
<v Speaker 1>wonder if because Schmid died a few years earlier, I

0:32:38.160 --> 0:32:41.720
<v Speaker 1>wondered if he because at first, off, I'm glad that

0:32:41.800 --> 0:32:44.160
<v Speaker 1>he wasn't around to see that because it was kind

0:32:44.160 --> 0:32:46.640
<v Speaker 1>of proved him wrong. But then I thought Now, Schmidt

0:32:46.640 --> 0:32:49.000
<v Speaker 1>seems like the kind of guy that would have like

0:32:49.120 --> 0:32:52.160
<v Speaker 1>loved knowing that he was wrong. Well, maybe not loved it,

0:32:52.240 --> 0:32:54.600
<v Speaker 1>but loved knowing that they were on the right track

0:32:54.640 --> 0:32:57.400
<v Speaker 1>to getting the accurate picture there.

0:32:57.760 --> 0:33:00.920
<v Speaker 2>So that's funny. I interpreted him differently. I imagined him

0:33:01.440 --> 0:33:04.520
<v Speaker 2>showing up at Lee Claire's tent in the middle of

0:33:04.560 --> 0:33:07.680
<v Speaker 2>the night as a ghost, going, Lee, how could you

0:33:07.800 --> 0:33:08.640
<v Speaker 2>betray me?

0:33:09.640 --> 0:33:10.240
<v Speaker 1>Oh?

0:33:10.280 --> 0:33:13.240
<v Speaker 2>Maybe I think that actually happened too. I saw it

0:33:13.280 --> 0:33:14.240
<v Speaker 2>on ancient aliens.

0:33:14.760 --> 0:33:15.960
<v Speaker 1>Oh okay, perfect.

0:33:16.880 --> 0:33:20.800
<v Speaker 2>So so here's the new hypothesis. They're like, okay, Kaus,

0:33:21.360 --> 0:33:23.160
<v Speaker 2>he was working with what he had to work with

0:33:23.200 --> 0:33:24.760
<v Speaker 2>at the time. But now that we have all this

0:33:24.800 --> 0:33:27.920
<v Speaker 2>other stuff, what we realize is that part of this

0:33:28.120 --> 0:33:32.959
<v Speaker 2>site might have actually been permanently occupied by some people,

0:33:33.480 --> 0:33:36.280
<v Speaker 2>But that doesn't mean that it wasn't also like a

0:33:36.400 --> 0:33:39.040
<v Speaker 2>ritual site, like clearly it was. This is not just

0:33:39.080 --> 0:33:42.240
<v Speaker 2>how people built houses back then. People weren't even supposed

0:33:42.240 --> 0:33:45.560
<v Speaker 2>to build these kind of complexes back then. One of

0:33:45.600 --> 0:33:47.920
<v Speaker 2>the things that they're like, Okay, Klaus definitely got this

0:33:48.000 --> 0:33:50.520
<v Speaker 2>wrong was the idea that part of the rituals were

0:33:50.520 --> 0:33:54.160
<v Speaker 2>filling these enclosures in with rubble and then starting a

0:33:54.160 --> 0:33:58.280
<v Speaker 2>new one on top. Somebody noticed that if you look uphill,

0:33:59.360 --> 0:34:03.080
<v Speaker 2>the that are on the uphill side of the enclosure

0:34:03.240 --> 0:34:08.120
<v Speaker 2>are usually damaged, whereas the walls opposite are fine, which

0:34:08.160 --> 0:34:12.640
<v Speaker 2>strongly suggests landslide damage. There's also a lot of earthquakes

0:34:12.680 --> 0:34:15.399
<v Speaker 2>in that area, so they're like, actually, we think that

0:34:15.840 --> 0:34:19.200
<v Speaker 2>this stuff just kept getting destroyed. But the site was

0:34:19.239 --> 0:34:22.920
<v Speaker 2>so important that for thirteen hundred years after an earthquake

0:34:23.000 --> 0:34:25.600
<v Speaker 2>came through, they would come and rebuild, Like that's how

0:34:25.640 --> 0:34:26.200
<v Speaker 2>important the.

0:34:26.160 --> 0:34:29.319
<v Speaker 1>Site was to them. Yeah, and this is where it

0:34:29.320 --> 0:34:32.120
<v Speaker 1>gets super interesting to me. Claire and some other people,

0:34:32.520 --> 0:34:36.000
<v Speaker 1>some of her colleagues and others thought hey, maybe what

0:34:36.040 --> 0:34:44.440
<v Speaker 1>this was was something created because agriculture and people settling

0:34:44.480 --> 0:34:47.520
<v Speaker 1>down may have already been happening, and this was sort

0:34:47.520 --> 0:34:51.040
<v Speaker 1>of created as part of the backlash against that. So

0:34:51.120 --> 0:34:55.399
<v Speaker 1>people were domesticating plants and animals nearby, and they were

0:34:55.440 --> 0:34:58.200
<v Speaker 1>still like, no, we want to be hunter gatherers, but

0:34:58.320 --> 0:35:01.560
<v Speaker 1>we want to have this place maybe where we where

0:35:01.560 --> 0:35:04.480
<v Speaker 1>we come and meet seasonally.

0:35:04.160 --> 0:35:07.160
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, or this is where we live. Like we're like,

0:35:07.239 --> 0:35:10.840
<v Speaker 2>this is our this is our habit our settlement, but

0:35:10.960 --> 0:35:13.680
<v Speaker 2>we're not going to farm. We're still going to you.

0:35:13.640 --> 0:35:15.400
<v Speaker 1>Know, hunt and gather exactly.

0:35:16.160 --> 0:35:19.040
<v Speaker 2>And one interpretation by a guy named Thomas Zimmerman, who

0:35:19.120 --> 0:35:23.759
<v Speaker 2>is an archaeologist from bill Kent University, he sees this

0:35:24.000 --> 0:35:30.520
<v Speaker 2>as a place that was populated by staunchly conservative, male

0:35:30.719 --> 0:35:35.440
<v Speaker 2>dominated population, and there's a lot of stuff to support that. Right. So,

0:35:35.680 --> 0:35:37.239
<v Speaker 2>first of all, if you have a group of people

0:35:37.239 --> 0:35:42.040
<v Speaker 2>who are railing against these new sweeping changes to society

0:35:42.080 --> 0:35:44.560
<v Speaker 2>that's going in ways, they don't like it, and they're

0:35:44.719 --> 0:35:48.520
<v Speaker 2>they're going against that, that automatically makes them conservative. And

0:35:48.560 --> 0:35:51.719
<v Speaker 2>then also if you look around at the iconography and imagery,

0:35:51.800 --> 0:35:54.600
<v Speaker 2>it is very male centric. There's a lot of foulacies

0:35:54.680 --> 0:35:58.920
<v Speaker 2>sticking up. There's all of the figures that are depicted

0:35:59.040 --> 0:36:03.640
<v Speaker 2>are men. I read that wherever a wild animal that's

0:36:04.040 --> 0:36:08.120
<v Speaker 2>carved into one of the pillars is gendered, it's invariably male,

0:36:08.880 --> 0:36:11.600
<v Speaker 2>and it makes a lot of sense. And then simultaneously

0:36:11.680 --> 0:36:16.160
<v Speaker 2>Thomas Zimmerman is like, I think that this was this

0:36:16.239 --> 0:36:17.839
<v Speaker 2>was meant to be a place of It was kind

0:36:17.880 --> 0:36:23.080
<v Speaker 2>of agro place where like you would come and like

0:36:23.440 --> 0:36:26.960
<v Speaker 2>put some young hunters through their scary first rights. Like

0:36:27.000 --> 0:36:29.160
<v Speaker 2>it was not a place of peace. It's a if

0:36:29.200 --> 0:36:32.600
<v Speaker 2>you look at most of the animals, they're snarling, they're dangerous.

0:36:33.360 --> 0:36:34.960
<v Speaker 2>This is not it is not meant to be a

0:36:35.000 --> 0:36:39.120
<v Speaker 2>calm place. And Thomas Zimmerman, I hope he can unwind

0:36:39.160 --> 0:36:43.279
<v Speaker 2>one day, right for his sake and the sake of

0:36:43.320 --> 0:36:44.719
<v Speaker 2>people around him.

0:36:45.080 --> 0:36:48.600
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, he kind of described it as I don't know,

0:36:48.760 --> 0:36:52.880
<v Speaker 1>like the birthplace of m M A and like, you know,

0:36:53.680 --> 0:36:55.080
<v Speaker 1>kind of a lot of stuff we're seeing in the

0:36:55.120 --> 0:36:55.680
<v Speaker 1>news today.

0:36:55.840 --> 0:36:58.759
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, the birthplace of people who watch ancient aliens.

0:36:59.080 --> 0:37:03.000
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, pretty much. Here's the thing, though, we still don't

0:37:03.040 --> 0:37:05.840
<v Speaker 1>know so much. I believe they're what like over fifty

0:37:05.840 --> 0:37:08.359
<v Speaker 1>percent of it has still not been excavated.

0:37:08.440 --> 0:37:11.480
<v Speaker 2>Oh no, ninety to ninety five percent is unexcavated.

0:37:12.120 --> 0:37:14.560
<v Speaker 1>Oh I thought that was just ninety percent was underground

0:37:14.760 --> 0:37:17.560
<v Speaker 1>and they had been doing stuff underground now.

0:37:17.719 --> 0:37:20.799
<v Speaker 2>So yeah, so it's kind of confusing, and maybe you're right.

0:37:20.880 --> 0:37:23.080
<v Speaker 2>But what I saw is that the whole site is

0:37:23.200 --> 0:37:27.320
<v Speaker 2>ninety to ninety five percent unexcavated, but that the enclosures

0:37:27.360 --> 0:37:30.320
<v Speaker 2>that they've been able to find, only half of them

0:37:30.520 --> 0:37:34.160
<v Speaker 2>are even partially excavated. So they know that there's enclosures

0:37:34.200 --> 0:37:36.000
<v Speaker 2>down there, they just haven't gotten to them yet.

0:37:36.640 --> 0:37:40.560
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, all right, I like this last theory in twenty

0:37:40.600 --> 0:37:42.279
<v Speaker 1>twenty one. That was a book called The Dawn of

0:37:42.320 --> 0:37:47.880
<v Speaker 1>Everything by an anthropologist and an archaeologist David Graeber and

0:37:48.000 --> 0:37:54.400
<v Speaker 1>David wind Grow, respectively, and they said, all right, here's

0:37:54.440 --> 0:37:59.160
<v Speaker 1>what we think is that maybe it was just a

0:37:59.280 --> 0:38:02.719
<v Speaker 1>non aggricate cultural society, and maybe they were just a

0:38:02.760 --> 0:38:05.239
<v Speaker 1>lot more diverse than we thought they were. We kind

0:38:05.239 --> 0:38:09.239
<v Speaker 1>of had this locked in idea that everyone was like this,

0:38:09.480 --> 0:38:12.560
<v Speaker 1>and then everyone was like this, and they were like,

0:38:12.640 --> 0:38:18.839
<v Speaker 1>maybe there was just a lot more overlap and sort

0:38:18.880 --> 0:38:22.880
<v Speaker 1>of a spectrum of rituals and behaviors and things that

0:38:22.920 --> 0:38:26.000
<v Speaker 1>people did, and it's just not so clear that things

0:38:26.040 --> 0:38:28.080
<v Speaker 1>were like this until they stopped and then they were

0:38:28.120 --> 0:38:28.319
<v Speaker 1>like this.

0:38:28.840 --> 0:38:31.120
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, And now I remember I got off track earlier

0:38:31.160 --> 0:38:34.760
<v Speaker 2>when I was talking about the pre Pottery Neolithic group

0:38:35.400 --> 0:38:39.360
<v Speaker 2>that I have seen this era of people and earlier

0:38:39.600 --> 0:38:43.640
<v Speaker 2>human beings their culture essentially likened to that of like

0:38:43.760 --> 0:38:47.520
<v Speaker 2>bonobos or chimps. That that's like the level of like

0:38:47.640 --> 0:38:52.919
<v Speaker 2>introspection or material culture or contributions that they would make

0:38:53.320 --> 0:38:57.280
<v Speaker 2>that they were that backwards. And yeah, Graybor and Weingar

0:38:57.280 --> 0:39:00.200
<v Speaker 2>are like, we got this all wrong. And so one

0:39:00.239 --> 0:39:02.879
<v Speaker 2>of the things, the ways that Gebeckley Teppe ties into

0:39:02.920 --> 0:39:06.400
<v Speaker 2>this is those the two Davids, that's what I call them.

0:39:07.040 --> 0:39:10.280
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, yeah, yeah.

0:39:10.560 --> 0:39:15.040
<v Speaker 2>They looked at some current hunter gatherer groups, which are

0:39:15.080 --> 0:39:20.879
<v Speaker 2>obviously not perfect analogies, but what they found is that

0:39:20.960 --> 0:39:25.719
<v Speaker 2>some groups have hierarchical structures during some parts of the

0:39:25.800 --> 0:39:28.840
<v Speaker 2>year where they're sedentary, and then in other parts of

0:39:28.840 --> 0:39:31.719
<v Speaker 2>the year where not times of plenty where you have

0:39:31.760 --> 0:39:34.520
<v Speaker 2>to like spread out and go find food, they break

0:39:34.600 --> 0:39:38.480
<v Speaker 2>up into smaller bands of hunter gatherers, and they suspect

0:39:38.760 --> 0:39:42.839
<v Speaker 2>that Gebecley Teppe was a place where they all came

0:39:42.920 --> 0:39:47.359
<v Speaker 2>together again and enjoyed times of plenty, like where there

0:39:47.360 --> 0:39:49.799
<v Speaker 2>are tons of gazelles to hunt, lots of nuts and

0:39:49.880 --> 0:39:53.239
<v Speaker 2>grains and stuff just for the picking, and that they

0:39:53.239 --> 0:39:55.960
<v Speaker 2>didn't have to farm, but that they were capable of

0:39:56.000 --> 0:39:59.440
<v Speaker 2>being sedentary while they were also hunter gatherers for the

0:39:59.480 --> 0:40:00.399
<v Speaker 2>other part of the year.

0:40:01.360 --> 0:40:04.600
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, and not only capable of being sedentary, but capable

0:40:04.680 --> 0:40:09.600
<v Speaker 1>of having a fairly complex society as they settled for

0:40:09.640 --> 0:40:14.000
<v Speaker 1>that season, you know, before they went out. And you know,

0:40:14.400 --> 0:40:17.640
<v Speaker 1>I love this idea because you picture them just sort

0:40:17.680 --> 0:40:22.040
<v Speaker 1>of barely surviving and moving on until they find better

0:40:22.600 --> 0:40:26.239
<v Speaker 1>places to hunt or a source of water, whereas this

0:40:26.360 --> 0:40:31.279
<v Speaker 1>posit's just a just sort of a a better way

0:40:31.320 --> 0:40:34.560
<v Speaker 1>of life that anyone thought they lived to such that

0:40:34.640 --> 0:40:36.359
<v Speaker 1>they could be like, Hey, we're going to brew beer

0:40:36.880 --> 0:40:39.280
<v Speaker 1>and we're going to party and we're gonna have fun

0:40:39.320 --> 0:40:41.680
<v Speaker 1>because you know, we're all doing pretty well out here.

0:40:41.719 --> 0:40:47.760
<v Speaker 1>Guys look around, let's like enjoy this season of settlement,

0:40:47.800 --> 0:40:48.480
<v Speaker 1>I guess.

0:40:48.360 --> 0:40:52.680
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, or plenty, right, Yeah, And there's a lot of

0:40:52.760 --> 0:40:57.439
<v Speaker 2>beasting seasons still today in human culture around this time

0:40:57.480 --> 0:41:00.600
<v Speaker 2>of year, around late fall, like after the Hord, say,

0:41:00.840 --> 0:41:03.680
<v Speaker 2>even through whether exactly and I don't know if it

0:41:03.719 --> 0:41:07.680
<v Speaker 2>was from the two David's or somebody interpreting their work,

0:41:08.120 --> 0:41:11.560
<v Speaker 2>but they were saying, there's a really good chance or

0:41:11.560 --> 0:41:17.160
<v Speaker 2>at least a chance that our holiday seasons, right, is

0:41:17.200 --> 0:41:23.040
<v Speaker 2>an ancient or remnant of that ancient seasonality where we

0:41:23.080 --> 0:41:27.200
<v Speaker 2>would come together and share in times of plenty and

0:41:27.200 --> 0:41:29.000
<v Speaker 2>then when you know, throughout the rest of the year,

0:41:29.040 --> 0:41:31.160
<v Speaker 2>we'd spread out and go do our own thing. But

0:41:31.239 --> 0:41:35.160
<v Speaker 2>during those times, community is emphasized, family is emphasized, coming

0:41:35.200 --> 0:41:38.480
<v Speaker 2>together is all very much emphasized during that time of year,

0:41:38.719 --> 0:41:42.319
<v Speaker 2>and they wonder if that's just a like, we're just

0:41:42.400 --> 0:41:45.959
<v Speaker 2>unaware that that is a really ancient tradition that we're

0:41:46.000 --> 0:41:49.200
<v Speaker 2>taking part in. Still, we just kind of transmuted into

0:41:49.280 --> 0:41:50.120
<v Speaker 2>our own thing.

0:41:51.800 --> 0:41:54.399
<v Speaker 1>You know. It really missed a great opportunity for a deep,

0:41:54.480 --> 0:41:58.120
<v Speaker 1>deep cut what David and David I could have said.

0:41:58.160 --> 0:42:00.719
<v Speaker 1>David and David looked around and they were like, hey,

0:42:00.760 --> 0:42:01.840
<v Speaker 1>welcome to the Boomtown.

0:42:02.400 --> 0:42:02.880
<v Speaker 2>What is that?

0:42:04.160 --> 0:42:06.960
<v Speaker 1>It's the only hit song by David and David.

0:42:07.640 --> 0:42:09.160
<v Speaker 2>What's Welcome to the Boomtown?

0:42:10.160 --> 0:42:12.120
<v Speaker 1>The only hit song by David and David.

0:42:12.160 --> 0:42:14.520
<v Speaker 2>Okay, well, let's hear some of it sing it. Sing

0:42:14.560 --> 0:42:15.520
<v Speaker 2>it like Sammy Davis.

0:42:16.120 --> 0:42:23.280
<v Speaker 3>Oh, I said, welcome babe, Welcome to the boom town. Man,

0:42:23.600 --> 0:42:28.280
<v Speaker 3>all those what makes such a succulent sound?

0:42:28.920 --> 0:42:30.760
<v Speaker 1>Welcome to the boom Town.

0:42:31.800 --> 0:42:34.360
<v Speaker 2>I half suspect you're making this up as you go along.

0:42:35.000 --> 0:42:38.040
<v Speaker 1>It was a great, great one hit wonder from back

0:42:38.080 --> 0:42:38.879
<v Speaker 1>in the day by.

0:42:39.000 --> 0:42:39.840
<v Speaker 2>David and David.

0:42:40.320 --> 0:42:42.440
<v Speaker 1>David and David, that's would have been talking about this

0:42:42.480 --> 0:42:44.759
<v Speaker 1>all time, And now it makes sense that you never

0:42:44.840 --> 0:42:46.759
<v Speaker 1>knew what I was talking about time I did.

0:42:47.160 --> 0:42:48.840
<v Speaker 2>It's still a good joke just because I got you

0:42:48.920 --> 0:42:50.320
<v Speaker 2>to sing like Sammy Davis Junior.

0:42:50.360 --> 0:42:55.520
<v Speaker 1>We all appreciate that it's a great song. It really is, So.

0:42:55.440 --> 0:42:57.480
<v Speaker 2>I'm gonna go listen to that. But first, there were

0:42:57.600 --> 0:42:59.120
<v Speaker 2>just a couple of more things I wanted to say

0:42:59.160 --> 0:43:03.400
<v Speaker 2>about this, the David and David interpretation of how people

0:43:03.440 --> 0:43:06.960
<v Speaker 2>were way more complex than we give them credit for

0:43:07.040 --> 0:43:10.440
<v Speaker 2>in the past. One of the things they point to

0:43:10.480 --> 0:43:14.439
<v Speaker 2>her ancient burials like twenty six thirty thousand years old,

0:43:14.440 --> 0:43:18.360
<v Speaker 2>where there's like grave goods and people and beaded headdresses,

0:43:18.400 --> 0:43:21.960
<v Speaker 2>like clearly being treated differently than other people would have

0:43:22.000 --> 0:43:26.600
<v Speaker 2>been buried. So obviously are hierarchical structures, like maybe they

0:43:26.600 --> 0:43:29.359
<v Speaker 2>were mystics or shaman or something like that. And then

0:43:29.480 --> 0:43:32.920
<v Speaker 2>there was another interpretation of Beckley Tepe itself that I

0:43:32.960 --> 0:43:36.640
<v Speaker 2>thought was worth mentioning by archaeologists Anna Fagan from the

0:43:36.760 --> 0:43:39.799
<v Speaker 2>University of Melbourne, and she was like, sill your role,

0:43:39.880 --> 0:43:44.600
<v Speaker 2>Thomas Zimmerman. I actually think that all these depictions of

0:43:44.680 --> 0:43:50.919
<v Speaker 2>death and mayhem and scary animals is actually symbolic of

0:43:51.239 --> 0:43:54.720
<v Speaker 2>life and death and regeneration. And she makes some pretty

0:43:54.719 --> 0:43:58.400
<v Speaker 2>good points, and I like her interpretation a little more

0:43:58.560 --> 0:44:02.040
<v Speaker 2>because it doesn't alter anything else. This is still a

0:44:02.120 --> 0:44:04.480
<v Speaker 2>hunter gathered tribe and they could still even be railing

0:44:04.520 --> 0:44:07.440
<v Speaker 2>against farming. But that doesn't mean that they have to

0:44:07.440 --> 0:44:10.960
<v Speaker 2>be like agro and and you know, want to just

0:44:11.040 --> 0:44:12.400
<v Speaker 2>kill everybody essentially.

0:44:13.280 --> 0:44:14.520
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, I love it.

0:44:15.040 --> 0:44:18.240
<v Speaker 2>I do too. Let's just keep talking about Black Beckley

0:44:18.280 --> 0:44:19.320
<v Speaker 2>Teppie forever.

0:44:20.040 --> 0:44:21.759
<v Speaker 1>It's a good one. And but now all I can

0:44:21.760 --> 0:44:25.880
<v Speaker 1>think about is getting that theory officially named the Welcome

0:44:25.880 --> 0:44:28.440
<v Speaker 1>to the Boomtown theory. Okay, I think that's because it

0:44:28.480 --> 0:44:29.719
<v Speaker 1>fits in every way.

0:44:29.880 --> 0:44:32.600
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, for sure, it really does. Chuck. I think if

0:44:32.640 --> 0:44:34.839
<v Speaker 2>the two David's here this, they're going to be into that.

0:44:35.680 --> 0:44:39.160
<v Speaker 1>You remember that song, Miss Christina drives a non full four.

0:44:40.320 --> 0:44:41.960
<v Speaker 1>No I have the first line.

0:44:41.880 --> 0:44:43.560
<v Speaker 2>No idea what you're talking about.

0:44:44.640 --> 0:44:46.040
<v Speaker 1>Well, I just sad it to you. It's a great song.

0:44:46.080 --> 0:44:48.600
<v Speaker 2>Okay, thanks man. Well, since Chuck's on me a song,

0:44:49.320 --> 0:44:51.560
<v Speaker 2>obviously he's just triggered listener name.

0:44:52.400 --> 0:44:55.920
<v Speaker 1>That's right. This is from Siara and it's about the

0:44:55.920 --> 0:45:00.920
<v Speaker 1>Ford Motor Company because her works there as a Michigander. Hey, guys,

0:45:00.920 --> 0:45:03.279
<v Speaker 1>one thing I thought I'd mentioned about that is you

0:45:03.320 --> 0:45:05.080
<v Speaker 1>mentioned that the Ford Motor Company has been around since

0:45:05.160 --> 0:45:07.600
<v Speaker 1>nineteen oh three and is still standing. But I think

0:45:08.000 --> 0:45:09.880
<v Speaker 1>one of the coolest things about our company is that

0:45:10.000 --> 0:45:15.000
<v Speaker 1>the what was it, the Rouge site. Yeah, yeah, the

0:45:15.040 --> 0:45:17.880
<v Speaker 1>Rouge River site that you also mentioned in the episode

0:45:17.920 --> 0:45:21.160
<v Speaker 1>is still standing and today builds f one fifties. In

0:45:21.200 --> 0:45:23.680
<v Speaker 1>its history, the Rouge has built the Model B, the Mercury,

0:45:23.719 --> 0:45:27.719
<v Speaker 1>the Thunderbird, and multiple generations of the Mustang. The site

0:45:27.719 --> 0:45:30.080
<v Speaker 1>itself has so much history in the henry Ford Museum

0:45:30.680 --> 0:45:33.719
<v Speaker 1>that the henry Ford Museum offers a Rouge Factory tour

0:45:34.239 --> 0:45:37.120
<v Speaker 1>that actually takes you into one of the manufacturing buildings

0:45:37.160 --> 0:45:39.759
<v Speaker 1>of the site to see the assembly line from a

0:45:39.800 --> 0:45:43.480
<v Speaker 1>set of mezzanines. One last thing you didn't mention was

0:45:43.560 --> 0:45:46.919
<v Speaker 1>that he was a supporter of prohibition, and it always

0:45:46.960 --> 0:45:49.760
<v Speaker 1>reminds me of this funny quote from him. If Booze

0:45:49.760 --> 0:45:52.120
<v Speaker 1>ever comes back to the United States, I am through

0:45:52.120 --> 0:45:55.759
<v Speaker 1>with manufacturing. I wouldn't be interested in putting automobiles into

0:45:55.760 --> 0:46:00.560
<v Speaker 1>the hands of a generation soggy with drink. Thanks for

0:46:00.600 --> 0:46:02.880
<v Speaker 1>all the knowledge that you share in keeping me company

0:46:02.920 --> 0:46:04.960
<v Speaker 1>on my compute, and that is from CR.

0:46:05.320 --> 0:46:09.480
<v Speaker 2>Thanks CR. That's awesome. We appreciate all the extra info

0:46:10.160 --> 0:46:12.080
<v Speaker 2>and if you want to be like CRRA and show

0:46:12.120 --> 0:46:15.040
<v Speaker 2>off your knowledge of extra info by sharing it with us,

0:46:15.120 --> 0:46:18.200
<v Speaker 2>we would love that. Just send it off to stuff

0:46:18.280 --> 0:46:23.960
<v Speaker 2>podcast at iHeartRadio dot com.

0:46:24.160 --> 0:46:26.480
<v Speaker 3>Stuff you Should Know is a production of iHeartRadio.

0:46:26.960 --> 0:46:30.160
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