1
00:00:00,560 --> 00:00:03,760
Speaker 1: Welcome to Stuff you missed in History class from how

2
00:00:03,840 --> 00:00:14,080
Speaker 1: Stuff Works dot com. Hello, and welcome to the podcast.

3
00:00:14,200 --> 00:00:17,919
Speaker 1: I'm Katie Lambert and I'm fair and recently we got

4
00:00:18,200 --> 00:00:20,920
Speaker 1: some male from Sarah and Amber and they sent us

5
00:00:21,320 --> 00:00:26,360
Speaker 1: these lovely handmade paper magnolias and some necklaces. And they

6
00:00:26,400 --> 00:00:30,160
Speaker 1: also sent us a book by Edward Chritzler called Jewish

7
00:00:30,200 --> 00:00:33,320
Speaker 1: Pirates of the Caribbean, which of course meant that we

8
00:00:33,360 --> 00:00:35,640
Speaker 1: had to read it created quite a stir on his

9
00:00:35,880 --> 00:00:37,960
Speaker 1: it really did. We were very excited. We put a

10
00:00:37,960 --> 00:00:40,519
Speaker 1: picture of us in our in our magnolia with our

11
00:00:40,560 --> 00:00:43,400
Speaker 1: magnolias and our hair wearing our beads. If you haven't

12
00:00:43,400 --> 00:00:46,479
Speaker 1: seen it, and people were really enthusiastic about the Jewish pirate,

13
00:00:46,760 --> 00:00:49,720
Speaker 1: it wouldn't be so I wanted to do a podcast

14
00:00:49,840 --> 00:00:52,599
Speaker 1: just about Jewish pirates, but we decided it didn't make

15
00:00:52,600 --> 00:00:54,880
Speaker 1: a lot of sense unless you had the background, which

16
00:00:55,560 --> 00:00:58,200
Speaker 1: is really interesting. So we're going to do some background

17
00:00:58,200 --> 00:01:00,840
Speaker 1: followed by some brief biography. It's almost like a two

18
00:01:00,840 --> 00:01:05,360
Speaker 1: part episode in one exactly, and we've talked about expeditions

19
00:01:05,520 --> 00:01:08,960
Speaker 1: of discovery before you know, the human drive to explore,

20
00:01:09,000 --> 00:01:12,200
Speaker 1: to conquer, to be first and the Age of Discovery

21
00:01:12,440 --> 00:01:15,880
Speaker 1: is one really fabulous example, the period from the fifteenth

22
00:01:15,880 --> 00:01:19,760
Speaker 1: to seventeenth centuries when Europeans went far and wide in

23
00:01:19,800 --> 00:01:23,119
Speaker 1: search of new lands and treasures. But there's a little

24
00:01:23,160 --> 00:01:26,919
Speaker 1: disgusted group amongst these explorers that had a different mission.

25
00:01:26,959 --> 00:01:30,640
Speaker 1: It wasn't to find golden cinnamon, but to escape the

26
00:01:30,680 --> 00:01:34,520
Speaker 1: Inquisition and the anti Semitic horrors of Europe. And these

27
00:01:34,560 --> 00:01:37,520
Speaker 1: people were, of course European Jews, and we're going to

28
00:01:37,560 --> 00:01:40,120
Speaker 1: give you a little bit up their story. Okay, so

29
00:01:40,160 --> 00:01:43,000
Speaker 1: we've talked about some of this in our podcast on

30
00:01:43,040 --> 00:01:45,319
Speaker 1: the Reconquista, but we're going to recap for you in

31
00:01:45,360 --> 00:01:47,920
Speaker 1: case you haven't heard that episode yet. So if you've

32
00:01:47,920 --> 00:01:52,880
Speaker 1: ever heard the term Sephardic Jews and wondered what Separd was,

33
00:01:53,520 --> 00:01:56,040
Speaker 1: it was an outpost of the Roman Empire in what

34
00:01:56,400 --> 00:01:59,200
Speaker 1: later became Spain, and at the end of the fourteenth

35
00:01:59,200 --> 00:02:03,040
Speaker 1: century there were five hundred thousand Jews in Safard, making

36
00:02:03,040 --> 00:02:06,960
Speaker 1: it the largest Jewish community outside of Palestine. And that

37
00:02:07,120 --> 00:02:09,239
Speaker 1: stad is from that pirate book. A lot of this

38
00:02:09,600 --> 00:02:11,840
Speaker 1: information is going to be from there, So yeah, you

39
00:02:11,880 --> 00:02:14,679
Speaker 1: should definitely pick up a copy against Edward Chritzler's book

40
00:02:14,800 --> 00:02:18,320
Speaker 1: Jewish Pirates of the Caribbean, And although Jews had called

41
00:02:18,360 --> 00:02:20,959
Speaker 1: Safared their home for a long time, it wasn't seen

42
00:02:21,040 --> 00:02:23,200
Speaker 1: that way by the rulers of the land throughout the

43
00:02:23,240 --> 00:02:27,680
Speaker 1: centuries tight Us, the Visigoths, the Moors. But in feudal Spain,

44
00:02:27,760 --> 00:02:32,040
Speaker 1: Jews occupied high society. Things took a sharp, sharp turn

45
00:02:32,120 --> 00:02:35,560
Speaker 1: for the worse in the fourteenth century, during the infamous

46
00:02:35,600 --> 00:02:40,000
Speaker 1: Massacre of One Jews were accused of blood libel, using

47
00:02:40,000 --> 00:02:43,240
Speaker 1: the blood of Christian children for their religious rituals and

48
00:02:43,360 --> 00:02:46,360
Speaker 1: also being the cause of the Black plague. And the

49
00:02:46,360 --> 00:02:49,880
Speaker 1: man who sparked this horror and these attacks was the

50
00:02:49,919 --> 00:02:53,720
Speaker 1: friar prompt Martinez of Seville, and you should remember his

51
00:02:53,840 --> 00:02:57,320
Speaker 1: name because his accusations resulted in the deaths of one

52
00:02:57,400 --> 00:03:00,920
Speaker 1: hundred thousand Jews who were ordered to invert or die.

53
00:03:01,320 --> 00:03:04,520
Speaker 1: Many chose death. So skipping ahead a little bit to four,

54
00:03:06,040 --> 00:03:11,400
Speaker 1: Queen Isabella of Spain or of Castile and Aragon orders

55
00:03:11,560 --> 00:03:14,720
Speaker 1: the Edict of Expulsion, and we talked about that in

56
00:03:14,760 --> 00:03:18,480
Speaker 1: the re Conquista podcast. But another one hundred thousand Jews

57
00:03:18,480 --> 00:03:21,320
Speaker 1: were forced to leave Spain and the rest converted and

58
00:03:21,320 --> 00:03:26,520
Speaker 1: were known as Conversos. Sometimes they converted publicly, but still

59
00:03:26,560 --> 00:03:31,160
Speaker 1: maintain their own religious practices. I've known as new Christians

60
00:03:31,360 --> 00:03:35,520
Speaker 1: um and also crypto Jews. Under Isabella, the Spanish Inquisition

61
00:03:35,600 --> 00:03:38,880
Speaker 1: began and her Inquisitor General assaulted the burnings of nine

62
00:03:38,960 --> 00:03:42,360
Speaker 1: thousand Jews at the Stake. By the early sixteen hundreds,

63
00:03:42,360 --> 00:03:45,040
Speaker 1: there were very few places in Europe where Jews were

64
00:03:45,080 --> 00:03:49,280
Speaker 1: allowed to be, So where was there to go? For one,

65
00:03:49,320 --> 00:03:53,360
Speaker 1: there's a whole another continent, the New World, the New World.

66
00:03:53,560 --> 00:03:57,400
Speaker 1: So a lot of them went as new Christians or Conversos,

67
00:03:57,480 --> 00:04:01,120
Speaker 1: with high hopes for this new land and hopefully a

68
00:04:01,240 --> 00:04:04,760
Speaker 1: new future where there was more tolerant right. Because of course,

69
00:04:04,800 --> 00:04:07,280
Speaker 1: fourteen ninety two didn't just mark the beginning of the

70
00:04:07,320 --> 00:04:10,200
Speaker 1: expulsion of the Jews from Spain. It's also the year

71
00:04:10,280 --> 00:04:13,920
Speaker 1: Ferdinand and Isabella gator approval to Christopher Columbus's mission to

72
00:04:14,000 --> 00:04:18,040
Speaker 1: find that elusive route to the East, and Jews supported

73
00:04:18,040 --> 00:04:19,800
Speaker 1: this mission, you know, perhaps you could find them a

74
00:04:19,839 --> 00:04:23,839
Speaker 1: safe place to make their home. And also in that book,

75
00:04:23,960 --> 00:04:28,800
Speaker 1: apparently Christopher Columbus came from Jewish ancestry, which I had

76
00:04:28,880 --> 00:04:31,200
Speaker 1: no idea, and I haven't finished reading it. I have

77
00:04:31,279 --> 00:04:35,640
Speaker 1: to be perfectly honest, so I can't. I can't get collaborating. No,

78
00:04:36,040 --> 00:04:38,400
Speaker 1: I would love to, but it's simply not possible at

79
00:04:38,400 --> 00:04:41,359
Speaker 1: the moment um. But yeah, I thought that was really interesting.

80
00:04:41,360 --> 00:04:43,240
Speaker 1: There's another person we're going to talk about later in

81
00:04:43,240 --> 00:04:45,960
Speaker 1: this time past who you also surprised they know, is

82
00:04:46,040 --> 00:04:50,960
Speaker 1: to Yes. So Christopher Columbus, of course didn't discover America,

83
00:04:51,120 --> 00:04:53,719
Speaker 1: but he did discover all sorts of places, and some

84
00:04:53,839 --> 00:04:57,240
Speaker 1: of them became Jewish havens, like the island of Jamaica.

85
00:04:57,360 --> 00:05:00,520
Speaker 1: But Jews also dominated commerce in the New World. They're

86
00:05:00,520 --> 00:05:02,600
Speaker 1: the ones who set up all the trade networks, who

87
00:05:02,680 --> 00:05:06,760
Speaker 1: leased the ships, who introduced letters of exchange and credit,

88
00:05:07,360 --> 00:05:10,920
Speaker 1: and their religious beliefs were ignored so long as they

89
00:05:10,960 --> 00:05:13,800
Speaker 1: were useful. And once, say, you figured out the trade

90
00:05:13,839 --> 00:05:16,279
Speaker 1: networks for yourself, you could go back to, you know,

91
00:05:16,360 --> 00:05:19,599
Speaker 1: inviting the Inquisition to come visit. But Spain was pretty

92
00:05:19,680 --> 00:05:23,320
Speaker 1: much the most powerful country in the world at this time,

93
00:05:23,440 --> 00:05:26,560
Speaker 1: and the hatred that persecuted Jews had for the country

94
00:05:26,600 --> 00:05:29,520
Speaker 1: made them an attractive ally for all of Spain's enemies.

95
00:05:29,720 --> 00:05:32,279
Speaker 1: They had a lot of enemy, yes, a lot a

96
00:05:32,320 --> 00:05:34,880
Speaker 1: lot of enemies. They could all work together to destroy

97
00:05:34,960 --> 00:05:39,679
Speaker 1: the Spanish naval fleet. And because they knew all about ships,

98
00:05:39,800 --> 00:05:43,599
Speaker 1: trade routes, and credit, these Jewish merchants knew where everyone

99
00:05:43,680 --> 00:05:47,160
Speaker 1: was going and what they had in their ships. So

100
00:05:47,279 --> 00:05:50,160
Speaker 1: that would make them perfect for one particular line of

101
00:05:50,160 --> 00:05:53,400
Speaker 1: work I have in mind. Piracy. Perhaps, yes, it's the

102
00:05:53,520 --> 00:05:57,160
Speaker 1: pirates life for me. So a tiny little history of

103
00:05:57,240 --> 00:06:00,480
Speaker 1: Jewish pirates. Our first mention of them comes for Jewish

104
00:06:00,480 --> 00:06:05,679
Speaker 1: historian Flavius Josephus in Jewish Antiquities in sixty three BC.

105
00:06:05,839 --> 00:06:10,919
Speaker 1: Jewish leader Hyrcanus accuses Aristobulus of piracy in front of Pompey.

106
00:06:10,960 --> 00:06:14,640
Speaker 1: They're arguing over a leadership position. And our source for

107
00:06:14,680 --> 00:06:17,320
Speaker 1: that was Herod the Great Secretary, who told the story

108
00:06:17,360 --> 00:06:21,599
Speaker 1: to Josephus. So for some reason that's considered a reliable source,

109
00:06:21,680 --> 00:06:24,160
Speaker 1: I guess for information, although I wouldn't really want to

110
00:06:24,200 --> 00:06:27,920
Speaker 1: trust Herod the Great Secretary. So I mean, if that's

111
00:06:27,960 --> 00:06:32,279
Speaker 1: our start of Jewish pirates, though it continues long after that,

112
00:06:32,600 --> 00:06:34,680
Speaker 1: and it makes sense too. I mean, we we already

113
00:06:34,680 --> 00:06:38,440
Speaker 1: mentioned this extensive trade network and sort of the inside

114
00:06:38,720 --> 00:06:42,000
Speaker 1: knowledge that a lot of people had about who was trading,

115
00:06:42,000 --> 00:06:44,640
Speaker 1: what where it was going, and when, but it also

116
00:06:44,720 --> 00:06:47,680
Speaker 1: makes sense that people who are forced to be outlaws,

117
00:06:48,200 --> 00:06:51,920
Speaker 1: some of them might turn to an outlaw career where

118
00:06:51,920 --> 00:06:54,479
Speaker 1: you can actually make a buck and maybe stay alive.

119
00:06:55,240 --> 00:06:58,320
Speaker 1: So the first famous Jewish pirate we're going to discuss

120
00:06:58,480 --> 00:07:01,359
Speaker 1: is named sign In, and he was Barbarossa's second in

121
00:07:01,440 --> 00:07:05,479
Speaker 1: command and his favorite captain and also a giant pain

122
00:07:05,720 --> 00:07:09,680
Speaker 1: in the Holy Roman Emperor Charles's life, And with one

123
00:07:09,760 --> 00:07:13,640
Speaker 1: hundred ships, he occupied Tunis for Suliman, which gave Suliman

124
00:07:13,720 --> 00:07:17,560
Speaker 1: control of the entire Mediterranean. Suliman might be a familiar

125
00:07:17,680 --> 00:07:22,800
Speaker 1: name to Roxalana pip Harem beast. So when Charles offered

126
00:07:22,920 --> 00:07:27,560
Speaker 1: Barbarossa North Africa in exchange for leaving Suliman and joining him,

127
00:07:28,080 --> 00:07:31,000
Speaker 1: Barbarossa made his point by cutting off the messenger's head.

128
00:07:31,040 --> 00:07:32,680
Speaker 1: So we're going to go ahead and take that. Doesn't know,

129
00:07:33,040 --> 00:07:36,960
Speaker 1: but Signon also governed Algiers and commanded the Turkish navy

130
00:07:37,000 --> 00:07:39,680
Speaker 1: and did away with most of the Spanish fleet in

131
00:07:39,760 --> 00:07:43,040
Speaker 1: fifteen thirty eight. But he's also known for acts of mercy.

132
00:07:43,120 --> 00:07:45,640
Speaker 1: It's because of him that the Christians of Tunis weren't

133
00:07:45,680 --> 00:07:49,840
Speaker 1: all murdered by the enraged Barbarossa. So I mean for

134
00:07:49,960 --> 00:07:54,160
Speaker 1: somebody who himself is persecuted, he seems to be markably tolerant.

135
00:07:54,920 --> 00:07:59,360
Speaker 1: Our next one is Samuel Palash, the pirate rabbi of Holland,

136
00:07:59,840 --> 00:08:01,640
Speaker 1: and he was the son of a rabbi. He was

137
00:08:01,680 --> 00:08:04,680
Speaker 1: born and raised in Morocco, in the Jewish ghetto in Fez,

138
00:08:04,800 --> 00:08:07,640
Speaker 1: which was home to fifty thousand Jews. And I didn't

139
00:08:07,680 --> 00:08:09,400
Speaker 1: know before I read this book that Jews were in

140
00:08:09,440 --> 00:08:12,320
Speaker 1: Morocco before the Arabs brought Islam there. I had no

141
00:08:12,360 --> 00:08:15,120
Speaker 1: idea the other did I. But he wasn't content to stay,

142
00:08:15,240 --> 00:08:17,960
Speaker 1: and in fact, he and his brother Joseph started making

143
00:08:17,960 --> 00:08:19,720
Speaker 1: it past the walls of the ghetto at night to

144
00:08:19,760 --> 00:08:22,760
Speaker 1: help raid ships in the Strait of Gibraltar. But he

145
00:08:22,840 --> 00:08:25,280
Speaker 1: got got a reputation, as you know, a capable and

146
00:08:25,480 --> 00:08:28,440
Speaker 1: daring young man, and the Sultan chose him as his

147
00:08:28,600 --> 00:08:31,560
Speaker 1: trade rep. Samuel and his brother soon made use of

148
00:08:31,560 --> 00:08:34,800
Speaker 1: the position to try to sell intelligence to other countries.

149
00:08:34,840 --> 00:08:37,400
Speaker 1: But they were double agents, and in general I think

150
00:08:37,440 --> 00:08:39,520
Speaker 1: maybe just enjoyed the lying more than what they were

151
00:08:39,520 --> 00:08:42,000
Speaker 1: actually trying to do. They told Spain that they'd sell

152
00:08:42,040 --> 00:08:45,240
Speaker 1: them information about Morocco and then told France they would

153
00:08:45,240 --> 00:08:48,800
Speaker 1: sell them information about Spain. What they really wanted to

154
00:08:48,840 --> 00:08:52,040
Speaker 1: do was find a safe haven for the Jews and

155
00:08:52,120 --> 00:08:55,199
Speaker 1: a place where crypto Jews could drop the Christian mask

156
00:08:55,720 --> 00:08:59,120
Speaker 1: and go back to celebrating the religion in peace. And

157
00:08:59,240 --> 00:09:02,600
Speaker 1: they decided one particular place which had said it would

158
00:09:02,600 --> 00:09:05,800
Speaker 1: be tolerant of religion. Yeah, they hear that Holland is

159
00:09:06,040 --> 00:09:09,160
Speaker 1: open to other religions, and so they make their home there.

160
00:09:09,280 --> 00:09:12,000
Speaker 1: It turns out it's more like look the other way

161
00:09:12,080 --> 00:09:16,120
Speaker 1: than we welcome you with open arms. But um, they

162
00:09:16,160 --> 00:09:20,720
Speaker 1: had a community that established there and the Jews in Amsterdam.

163
00:09:20,760 --> 00:09:24,160
Speaker 1: In in sixteen o three they celebrated the Day of

164
00:09:24,160 --> 00:09:27,760
Speaker 1: Atonement and that was the first Jewish worship service in Holland.

165
00:09:28,240 --> 00:09:31,840
Speaker 1: Samuel also made alliances between the Netherlands and Morocco, which

166
00:09:31,880 --> 00:09:34,000
Speaker 1: is pretty cool since wam was a Christian nation and

167
00:09:34,040 --> 00:09:37,600
Speaker 1: one Muslim, and in general through all that he did

168
00:09:37,640 --> 00:09:40,800
Speaker 1: tried to get back at Spain anyway he could. They had,

169
00:09:40,840 --> 00:09:44,760
Speaker 1: after all, Synth the Inquisition after him. In sixteen fourteen,

170
00:09:44,800 --> 00:09:47,760
Speaker 1: he began command of a Moroccan fleet and went after

171
00:09:47,880 --> 00:09:52,280
Speaker 1: Spanish ships, trading arms for sugar, spice and diamonds and

172
00:09:52,440 --> 00:09:55,200
Speaker 1: teamed up with the Dutch, the Moors, and other Jews

173
00:09:55,240 --> 00:09:58,800
Speaker 1: to combat their common foe. One ship was adorned with

174
00:09:58,920 --> 00:10:02,480
Speaker 1: phoenix and had a kosher cook aboard, and he was

175
00:10:02,559 --> 00:10:05,840
Speaker 1: pirrating in the very last years of his life. He

176
00:10:05,960 --> 00:10:10,000
Speaker 1: died in sixteen sixteen in the Hague. Our next entry

177
00:10:10,160 --> 00:10:13,640
Speaker 1: is Moses Cohen Enriquez. We love the name. I think

178
00:10:13,640 --> 00:10:16,520
Speaker 1: it's maybe the best name. He pulled off one of

179
00:10:16,600 --> 00:10:21,000
Speaker 1: history's largest heists, and that went down in sixteen along

180
00:10:21,000 --> 00:10:25,400
Speaker 1: with the Dutch West India Company's Admiral Hind. They both

181
00:10:25,400 --> 00:10:29,720
Speaker 1: hated Spain, as so many people in this podcast have. Um,

182
00:10:29,800 --> 00:10:32,000
Speaker 1: you know, do you think we're getting biased to the

183
00:10:32,120 --> 00:10:34,320
Speaker 1: last couple episodes. I don't know. We're gonna have to

184
00:10:34,920 --> 00:10:39,120
Speaker 1: figure out some We're gonna think about this Spain topics

185
00:10:39,200 --> 00:10:44,000
Speaker 1: topics to counterbalance this a little bit. But Enrica's hated

186
00:10:44,240 --> 00:10:47,920
Speaker 1: Spain because of the country's attitude towards Jews. Hind hated

187
00:10:47,920 --> 00:10:49,800
Speaker 1: it because he had been a galley slave. That's a

188
00:10:49,840 --> 00:10:54,440
Speaker 1: pretty understandable hatred, I'd say. Um, So, guess whose ships

189
00:10:54,520 --> 00:10:58,760
Speaker 1: they decided to attack, Oh, Spain. Sin. They boarded them

190
00:10:58,800 --> 00:11:01,560
Speaker 1: off Cuba and made off with enough silver and gold

191
00:11:01,559 --> 00:11:05,480
Speaker 1: to total around a billion dollars in today's money. That

192
00:11:05,720 --> 00:11:07,640
Speaker 1: I mean, does that put our artives to shame? I

193
00:11:07,640 --> 00:11:11,319
Speaker 1: think it's any article we have about diamond heiser art heist,

194
00:11:11,760 --> 00:11:14,360
Speaker 1: nothing is getting near a billion dollars. No, not so much.

195
00:11:14,520 --> 00:11:18,520
Speaker 1: Enriquez settled on an island off Brazil and was never caught,

196
00:11:18,640 --> 00:11:21,160
Speaker 1: even though I think people knew where he was. Perhaps

197
00:11:21,240 --> 00:11:24,800
Speaker 1: he was just an enemy they didn't want to deal with. Maybe.

198
00:11:25,440 --> 00:11:29,520
Speaker 1: So our final entry is Jean Lafitte the Corsair, and

199
00:11:29,559 --> 00:11:32,640
Speaker 1: he's from a different time period um than the rest

200
00:11:32,720 --> 00:11:35,800
Speaker 1: of them, but he's also a much more famous pirate

201
00:11:35,880 --> 00:11:38,640
Speaker 1: and one that many people don't know was Jewish. So

202
00:11:38,640 --> 00:11:40,880
Speaker 1: he decided we had to end our list with him.

203
00:11:40,960 --> 00:11:45,360
Speaker 1: He was born around seventeen eighty and he came from Conversos.

204
00:11:45,440 --> 00:11:48,600
Speaker 1: His family left Spain after his grandfather was executed during

205
00:11:48,600 --> 00:11:51,800
Speaker 1: the Inquisition, and he set up shop in New Orleans.

206
00:11:51,920 --> 00:11:54,640
Speaker 1: You could come to his family's blacksmith shop to deliver

207
00:11:54,720 --> 00:11:57,600
Speaker 1: your smuggled goods and slaves to someone who would pay

208
00:11:57,640 --> 00:12:00,280
Speaker 1: for them. He lived in islands in the swam throughout

209
00:12:00,320 --> 00:12:02,880
Speaker 1: New Orleans with his men, and he would attack Spanish

210
00:12:02,880 --> 00:12:06,959
Speaker 1: ships on commission from Latin American countries. But he wasn't

211
00:12:07,000 --> 00:12:10,840
Speaker 1: all scoundrel. He had this sort of patriotic streak. It seems.

212
00:12:10,880 --> 00:12:13,280
Speaker 1: When the British offered him money to help them attack

213
00:12:13,320 --> 00:12:17,200
Speaker 1: New Orleans in eighteen fourteen, he instead passed on the

214
00:12:17,200 --> 00:12:20,960
Speaker 1: information to the American army. He wasn't trusted and the

215
00:12:21,040 --> 00:12:24,000
Speaker 1: bay where he was located was still rated. He made

216
00:12:24,000 --> 00:12:27,960
Speaker 1: another attempt and spoke to General Andrew Jackson, who promised

217
00:12:27,960 --> 00:12:30,520
Speaker 1: a pardon in exchange for his aids. So I think

218
00:12:30,520 --> 00:12:33,160
Speaker 1: this We mentioned the Battle of New Orleans a little

219
00:12:33,160 --> 00:12:35,760
Speaker 1: bit in one of the eighteen twelve podcast, but I

220
00:12:35,760 --> 00:12:40,560
Speaker 1: think it's interesting this pirate has a genre. He led

221
00:12:40,600 --> 00:12:43,319
Speaker 1: one thousand men in the War of eighteen twelve and

222
00:12:43,480 --> 00:12:46,840
Speaker 1: fought bravely, but then he went back to being a rascal.

223
00:12:46,960 --> 00:12:49,719
Speaker 1: He left New Orleans for Galveston, Texas, where he set

224
00:12:49,800 --> 00:12:52,840
Speaker 1: up a new colony for his privateering men, and he

225
00:12:52,880 --> 00:12:56,400
Speaker 1: was left alone until some of his followers attacked American ships,

226
00:12:56,800 --> 00:13:00,280
Speaker 1: at which point he sensibly departed from Galveston, and we

227
00:13:00,360 --> 00:13:04,640
Speaker 1: don't know how he met his end. But speaking of endings,

228
00:13:04,679 --> 00:13:08,040
Speaker 1: we have a bit of a sad one today. This

229
00:13:08,120 --> 00:13:11,560
Speaker 1: will be my very last episode of Stuff You Missed

230
00:13:11,600 --> 00:13:15,680
Speaker 1: in History Class. I am moving on to a new opportunity,

231
00:13:15,720 --> 00:13:19,760
Speaker 1: and while I'm very excited about that, it is incredibly

232
00:13:19,800 --> 00:13:24,520
Speaker 1: hard to say goodbye to the podcast. Reading your emails

233
00:13:24,640 --> 00:13:28,680
Speaker 1: and letters and opening all your presence and hearing your

234
00:13:28,720 --> 00:13:32,920
Speaker 1: stories and seeing your pictures and having you tell us

235
00:13:33,360 --> 00:13:36,480
Speaker 1: all about why you love history and the things you're

236
00:13:36,520 --> 00:13:40,200
Speaker 1: passionate about in your lives. That's been the highlight of

237
00:13:40,320 --> 00:13:44,320
Speaker 1: my day for a long time now. So thank you

238
00:13:44,400 --> 00:13:47,760
Speaker 1: for listening, and I will very much miss talking to

239
00:13:47,800 --> 00:13:50,720
Speaker 1: you every week. And Katie, it's been such a joy

240
00:13:50,760 --> 00:13:54,760
Speaker 1: to post the podcast with you. I'm going to miss you. Sarah. Well,

241
00:13:55,000 --> 00:13:57,600
Speaker 1: we better not go on or we might start tearing

242
00:13:57,679 --> 00:14:00,160
Speaker 1: up there if there may have been a little tearing out,

243
00:14:00,200 --> 00:14:03,480
Speaker 1: I had a small surprise party with our our video team.

244
00:14:03,480 --> 00:14:07,240
Speaker 1: I'm currently wearing a tiara under my headphones, so picture

245
00:14:07,280 --> 00:14:09,679
Speaker 1: that if you can. Um But don't worry, Stuff you

246
00:14:09,720 --> 00:14:12,720
Speaker 1: Missed in History Class is not over. There is another

247
00:14:12,800 --> 00:14:15,800
Speaker 1: fabulous host who will be taking my place. I promise

248
00:14:16,280 --> 00:14:18,360
Speaker 1: you will like him or her. It's a surprise and

249
00:14:18,440 --> 00:14:20,840
Speaker 1: a special guest. There will be a special guest house

250
00:14:20,880 --> 00:14:22,600
Speaker 1: who I know you'll like, um, but I don't think

251
00:14:22,640 --> 00:14:25,920
Speaker 1: you'll like anyone quite as much as me. Um, But

252
00:14:26,080 --> 00:14:31,120
Speaker 1: thank you. That's the end of our episode for today's

253
00:14:32,800 --> 00:14:36,080
Speaker 1: We of course have a Twitter feed at missed in History.

254
00:14:36,120 --> 00:14:39,400
Speaker 1: We've also got a Facebook fan page, and you should

255
00:14:39,440 --> 00:14:43,520
Speaker 1: always make a visit to our homepage at www. That

256
00:14:43,640 --> 00:14:47,600
Speaker 1: how stuff works dot com. For more on this and

257
00:14:47,680 --> 00:14:50,720
Speaker 1: thousands of other topics, visit how stuff works dot com

258
00:14:50,760 --> 00:14:52,480
Speaker 1: and be sure to check out the stuff you missed

259
00:14:52,480 --> 00:14:54,800
Speaker 1: in History class blog on the how stuff works dot

260
00:14:54,840 --> 00:15:01,640
Speaker 1: com one page. You