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Speaker 2: It's time for Why It's the Way it Is.
Speaker 3: Today.
Speaker 4: On Why It's the Way it Is, we're going to
Speaker 4: talk about the difference between an antler and a horn. Now,
Speaker 4: this is a little bit confusing because a lot of
Speaker 4: people don't use the words in the right way.
Speaker 3: Including me.
Speaker 4: I change it up all the time because I might
Speaker 4: say I found a deer horn, or that deer had
Speaker 4: big horns, or did you see the horns on.
Speaker 3: The deer that clay got.
Speaker 4: Well that's wrong because deer don't have horns technically, actually,
Speaker 4: deer have antlers.
Speaker 3: So what really is an antler?
Speaker 4: The way to think about an antler is it's like
Speaker 4: a bony material, kind of like the bones in your body.
Speaker 4: It's a bony material that grows out of a deer's head,
Speaker 4: and when I say deer, I mean members of the
Speaker 4: deer family. Members of the deer family include caribou, moose,
Speaker 4: mule deer, white tail deer. All members of the deer
Speaker 4: family have antlers. One of the most interesting thing about
Speaker 4: antlers is that, again it's a bony material and they
Speaker 4: fall off every year, meaning a deer. Every year a
Speaker 4: male deer grows a new set of antlers and it
Speaker 4: falls off. So if a male deer is born, he'll
Speaker 4: grow his first set of antlers the next year. So
Speaker 4: when he's a year and a half old, he'll grow
Speaker 4: a set of antlers, and then he'll grow a new
Speaker 4: set every year after that, and generally their antlers get
Speaker 4: bigger every time they grow them. If you hear someone
Speaker 4: say they found a deer shed, what they're talking about
Speaker 4: is they were out in the woods and they found
Speaker 4: one of these antlers that shed or fell off. So
Speaker 4: if you can think of an antler as a bone
Speaker 4: like material that grows outside of a deer's head, you
Speaker 4: can think of a horn as and this is going
Speaker 4: to sound really weird, you could think of a horn
Speaker 4: kind of like a fingernail that grows outside of an
Speaker 4: animal's head. There are many horned animals in Africa Okay,
Speaker 4: will debest and Pallas kate buffalo. Those are horned animals.
Speaker 4: Here in the United States, we have big horn sheep
Speaker 4: that's an horned animal. Mountain goats that's a horned animal.
Speaker 4: American prong horn or antalope have horns, and also domestic cows.
Speaker 4: So if you look in a farmer's pasture and he
Speaker 4: has cows or cattle, those are horns. The reason I
Speaker 4: say you can think of them like a fingernail is
Speaker 4: because horns are made of keratin, and keratin is the
Speaker 4: same material that is in your fingernails.
Speaker 3: A horn.
Speaker 4: And there's one exception to this I una explained, but
Speaker 4: this is just generally how it goes. An animal grows
Speaker 4: a horn, and it keeps its horn its whole life,
Speaker 4: and as it grows and gets older, the horn just.
Speaker 3: Grows and gets bigger. It never falls off. Okay.
Speaker 4: When I said there's an exception to this, it's the
Speaker 4: animal called the American prong horn or an antelope.
Speaker 3: And here's where it's weird.
Speaker 4: All horned animals have a bone core on their skull, Okay,
Speaker 4: and their horn grows over that bone core and they
Speaker 4: don't drop off.
Speaker 3: But with an American prong horn was crazy.
Speaker 4: Is the outer part of his horn, the part that
Speaker 4: fits over the bone core, does fall.
Speaker 3: Off every year.
Speaker 4: But it's the only horned animal in the world that
Speaker 4: sheds its horn. And it's almost like he does it
Speaker 4: just to make it so we can't have good rules
Speaker 4: because he has to be like an exception to the rule.
Speaker 3: And let me tell you another way.
Speaker 4: Pronghorns are kind of a weird exception with horned animals.
Speaker 4: Most animal horns just come to a point on the end. Okay,
Speaker 4: it might be a rounded point, it might be a
Speaker 4: sharp point, but they come to a single point on
Speaker 4: the end. The reason a pronghorn has his name is
Speaker 4: his main horn has a little prong on it, so
Speaker 4: they actually have a horn that can have two points.
Speaker 4: It's like a two pointed horn. It's the only horn
Speaker 4: that looks like that. So again, to wrap up, antlers
Speaker 4: grow on members of the deer family. They're bone like
Speaker 4: and they fall off every year and then the animal
Speaker 4: grows a new Horns, with the exception of the American
Speaker 4: prong horn, are fingernail like or made of keratin, and
Speaker 4: the animal keeps.
Speaker 3: His horns for his whole life, and they do not
Speaker 3: fall off.
Speaker 5: Why don't oysters donate to charity because they're shellfish.
Speaker 2: It's time for guests that critter where we play animal
Speaker 2: sounds and critter calls, and you've got to guess what
Speaker 2: creatures making those sounds. Don't worry, it ain't too hard.
Speaker 2: We're gonna throw in some clues.
Speaker 3: Now, open up years.
Speaker 6: These critters are short bodied but big. They can weigh
Speaker 6: over two pounds and measure close to eight inches in length.
Speaker 6: They're quite voracious, meaning they have big appetites and eat
Speaker 6: a lot. They consume insects, rodents, fish, invertebrates, small birds,
Speaker 6: amphibians and more. Really, they'll eat whatever they can get
Speaker 6: that'll fit in their mouth. These are distress calls. You
Speaker 6: may not hear this sound too often, but know that
Speaker 6: these critters are capable of open mouth screaming. More typically,
Speaker 6: you'll hear sounds like this. There's a rhythmic quality to
Speaker 6: the sound, which occurs with the circulation of air. These
Speaker 6: critters move air from their lungs to the vocal sacs
Speaker 6: in their throat, which act as resonance chambers that push
Speaker 6: air back into their lungs. Males make this low frequency,
Speaker 6: baritone bellowing sound. Have a listen. It almost sounds like
Speaker 6: a cow mooing, doesn't it. The males sing to attract
Speaker 6: females and to stake out their territory. You can hear
Speaker 6: them in spring and summer during the mating season. Here's
Speaker 6: a chorus of males by a freshwater marsh congregated in
Speaker 6: the area to breed. These semi aquatic critters live in
Speaker 6: and near marshes, rivers, ponds, streams, and creeks. They prefer warmer, shallow,
Speaker 6: and still sources of water. They also spend time on
Speaker 6: land and are very skilled jumpers, propelled by their long
Speaker 6: muscular legs. The throat of the male is yellow, while
Speaker 6: the throat of the female is white. Males also have
Speaker 6: an noticeably larger thumb than do females, and on average,
Speaker 6: the body size of the female is much larger than
Speaker 6: that of the male. Now try to guess that critter. Okay,
Speaker 6: it's time for the reveal. It's a bullfrog. Bullfrogs are
Speaker 6: North America's largest frog. Their croaking song sounds like a
Speaker 6: cow mooing, which is why they're called bullfrogs. Bullfrogs are
Speaker 6: harvested as a game species in many states, and are
Speaker 6: also commercially farmed because their legs make a tasty dish.
Speaker 6: They are native to eastern North America and are so
Speaker 6: well adapted that they've become an invasive species in much
Speaker 6: of western North America. Bullfrog farming has contributed to the spread,
Speaker 6: as has the use of their tadpoles as bait for fishing.
Speaker 7: What do you call a hog that loves karate? A
Speaker 7: pork chop?
Speaker 2: It's time for everyone's favorite game show, Trivia. Let's all
Speaker 2: join in.
Speaker 8: I'm joined by Mabel, Matthew, Rosie, Hayden, Conley, Sage, Hattie,
Speaker 8: and Bay. Each player will earn ten dollars for conservation
Speaker 8: with every question they get right today. There's a potential
Speaker 8: for this room to earn up to two hundred and
Speaker 8: forty dollars this week. That donation is going to the
Speaker 8: Land Access Initiative, which provides more access to public lands
Speaker 8: for hunting, fishing, hiking, camping, swimming, and whatever else you
Speaker 8: like doing outdoors. Let's see how much money our players
Speaker 8: can raise. Question one, Which of these animals would a
Speaker 8: mammalogist study? Is it a whale? An owl or a lizard.
Speaker 8: Which of these animals would a mammalogist study Whale, owl
Speaker 8: or lizard? Rosie's watching Bay's answer, Rosie, do you agree with? Okay,
Speaker 8: you got the same answer.
Speaker 2: Was asking me what the answer was?
Speaker 7: I need know?
Speaker 9: I was watching.
Speaker 5: I'm scared, Okay, trying to cheat because I feel confident.
Speaker 3: I'm just trying to be cheating.
Speaker 8: Rosie is confident.
Speaker 3: How about you?
Speaker 8: Conley? You're confident? Yeah you are?
Speaker 7: Okay, I'm not. I'm not.
Speaker 8: Is everybody ready?
Speaker 2: Ye?
Speaker 8: Go ahead and reveal your answers. We have Bay, Whale, Rosie.
Speaker 10: Mabel, Owl, Hattie Whi, Hayden will Sage, Conley, Matthew the
Speaker 10: correct answer?
Speaker 2: It's wal.
Speaker 8: Well answer, Oh I thought it's angry.
Speaker 6: Well.
Speaker 8: A mammalogist is a scientist who studies what that's right,
Speaker 8: such as wales. Owls are birds, which are studied by ornithologists,
Speaker 8: and lizards are reptiles, which you're studied by herpetologists. Can
Speaker 8: you name some other animals that a mammalogist would study?
Speaker 3: What do you got?
Speaker 2: Zeal?
Speaker 8: Seal, that's right, Wris wallris doggies dogs. You guys know
Speaker 8: your mammals.
Speaker 9: Octaviors are you trying to sneak that one in there?
Speaker 9: Study Question two? What percentage of the Earth is covered
Speaker 9: in water? Is it twenty one percent, forty six percent,
Speaker 9: or seventy one percent?
Speaker 3: Wow?
Speaker 8: Our players, easy, very yea.
Speaker 2: Very easy.
Speaker 8: Okay, wote a negative on all of our players. Think
Speaker 8: this is an easy one. What percent of the Earth
Speaker 8: is covered in water? Twenty one percent, forty six percent,
Speaker 8: or seventy one percent? Is everybody ready?
Speaker 7: Yes?
Speaker 8: Yeah, go ahead and reveal your answers.
Speaker 5: We have Bay seventy one, Rosy seventy one, Mabel seventy one,
Speaker 5: Hattie seventy.
Speaker 7: One, Hayden seventy one.
Speaker 8: Sage seventy one, Conley.
Speaker 5: Seventy one, Matthew seventy one.
Speaker 3: The correct answer is twenty one percent.
Speaker 8: No, I'm kidding, it's seventy one percent. Guys, got it
Speaker 8: over to your computer. In fact, that was too easy.
Speaker 8: Ninety seven point five percent of the Earth's water is
Speaker 8: salt water, and of that little bit of fresh water,
Speaker 8: sixty nine percent of it is frozen and thirty percent
Speaker 8: of is underground. That means just one percent of the
Speaker 8: Earth's fresh water is on the surface in the form
Speaker 8: of lakes, rivers, and swamps. So maybe don't leave the
Speaker 8: sink running at home, Hey, leave the sink running anymore.
Speaker 8: Don't don't brush your cheese. Don't have the single white brush.
Speaker 5: Matt, you don't brush your cheese.
Speaker 8: You cannot be talking. Question three. This man who was
Speaker 8: America's third president has a river and forrest named after him?
Speaker 2: Is it?
Speaker 8: Benjamin Franklin, Ronald Reagan or Thomas Jefferson. I think I
Speaker 8: heard someone saying answer, but maybe they weren't right. This
Speaker 8: man who was America's third president has a river in
Speaker 8: forest named after him Ben Franklin, Ronald Reagan or Thomas Jefferson.
Speaker 7: I think I spelt it wrong.
Speaker 5: I did too, I didn't.
Speaker 7: I think I.
Speaker 8: Spelt it right.
Speaker 3: It's everybody ready?
Speaker 7: Yeah?
Speaker 8: Was this an easy round?
Speaker 1: Yeah?
Speaker 8: Go ahead and reveal your answers.
Speaker 5: Baye Thomas Jefferson, Rosie Thomas Jefferson, Mabel Thomas Jefferson, Hattie
Speaker 5: Thomas Jefferson, Hayden Jefferson, Sage Thomas Jefferson, Conley Jefferson, Matthew Jefferson.
Speaker 8: The correct answer is Thomas Jefferson. Everybody got it right.
Speaker 8: Ronald Reagan was America's fortieth president and ben Franklin was
Speaker 8: never a president. Thomas Jefferson was president from eighteen oh
Speaker 8: one to eighteen oh nine. The river named after him
Speaker 8: is right here in Montana, and the national forest named
Speaker 8: after him is in Virginia, West Virginia and Kentucky. Now,
Speaker 8: if you guys could have something named after you, what
Speaker 8: would it be? Maybe a mountain, a sandwich, a fishing lure,
Speaker 8: how about a dance move Hoffman Peak, Hoffman Peak, that's
Speaker 8: something that exists. Or No, you want there to be
Speaker 8: a hoffice. I want there to be.
Speaker 5: Okay, Matthew's planet.
Speaker 8: Matthew's planet.
Speaker 5: It's bigger than the.
Speaker 8: Sun, bigger than the sun. That's ambitious. You're gonna have
Speaker 8: to do some cool stuff in the next fifty years
Speaker 8: to get a planet any of that.
Speaker 7: I was named after the valley and Yellowstone Hayden.
Speaker 8: Oh, that's the opposite thing. You're supposed to have something
Speaker 8: named after you, not be named after something. All right,
Speaker 8: that's it for today's round of trivia. Fill the engineer.
Speaker 8: How much money did we raise? They raised two hundred
Speaker 8: and thirty dollars, two hundred and thirty dollars going to
Speaker 8: the Land Access Initiative. Well done, kids, join us next
Speaker 8: time for more Meat Eater Kids Trivia, the only other
Speaker 8: game show where conservation always wins.
Speaker 2: Thanks for listening everyone, See you next week on Meat
Speaker 2: Eater Kids.