WEBVTT - Anarchism in Egypt Part 2 Ft. Andrew

0:00:05.120 --> 0:00:06.280
<v Speaker 1>Welcome to take it up in here.

0:00:06.440 --> 0:00:10.720
<v Speaker 2>I'm Andrew of the Channel Andrewism and I'm here.

0:00:10.560 --> 0:00:14.480
<v Speaker 3>With Mia who didn't.

0:00:14.240 --> 0:00:20.640
<v Speaker 2>Miss them learning today. I just wanted to shed lights

0:00:20.680 --> 0:00:22.959
<v Speaker 2>on just some of the interesting history of the anarchists

0:00:22.960 --> 0:00:27.040
<v Speaker 2>move went in Egypt. This is part two, first part really,

0:00:27.040 --> 0:00:30.960
<v Speaker 2>but just went into the historical context and progression and

0:00:31.240 --> 0:00:34.000
<v Speaker 2>how the anarchist community emerged in Egypt, you know, fueled

0:00:34.000 --> 0:00:39.160
<v Speaker 2>by this growing Mediterranean network of migration, labor, mobility and communication.

0:00:39.800 --> 0:00:43.280
<v Speaker 2>Of course, it started with the Italian community, known for

0:00:43.360 --> 0:00:46.640
<v Speaker 2>their anarchism in that time, but they soon gained the

0:00:46.640 --> 0:00:50.520
<v Speaker 2>support of other groups sharing a radical vision of social emancipation.

0:00:51.800 --> 0:00:54.760
<v Speaker 2>I learned all this from the book Anarchism and Syndicalism

0:00:54.840 --> 0:00:58.240
<v Speaker 2>in the Colonial and Post Colonial World, particularly the section

0:00:58.400 --> 0:01:06.960
<v Speaker 2>written by Anthony Gorma on Egyptian history. In the years

0:01:07.040 --> 0:01:10.520
<v Speaker 2>leading up to World War One, anarchos cynicalism, represented by

0:01:10.560 --> 0:01:14.280
<v Speaker 2>the International Union, played a leading role in organizing and

0:01:14.280 --> 0:01:19.640
<v Speaker 2>developing a militant labor movement, advocating for international solidarity among workers.

0:01:19.880 --> 0:01:23.720
<v Speaker 2>They adapted well to Egypt's diverse society, embracing ethnic and

0:01:23.720 --> 0:01:29.240
<v Speaker 2>religious pluralism and internationalism while opposing capitalism. Anarchists, along with

0:01:29.319 --> 0:01:33.080
<v Speaker 2>socialists and liberals, contributed to the advancement of secular thoughts

0:01:33.120 --> 0:01:38.279
<v Speaker 2>and Egyptian intellectual life, the even significant impact on their society. However,

0:01:38.319 --> 0:01:40.959
<v Speaker 2>the anarchist movement faced challenges due to the state's coercion

0:01:41.080 --> 0:01:44.200
<v Speaker 2>through surveillance, prosecution, and deportation.

0:01:45.040 --> 0:01:46.360
<v Speaker 1>The authorities portrayed.

0:01:46.000 --> 0:01:52.080
<v Speaker 2>Them as dissolute political adventurers pushing an alien ideology. Despite

0:01:52.080 --> 0:01:55.240
<v Speaker 2>their achievements in formulating and anti capitalist discourse and advocating

0:01:55.240 --> 0:01:59.360
<v Speaker 2>for social emancipation, other forces like the Egyptian Communist Party

0:01:59.640 --> 0:02:02.160
<v Speaker 2>and the National Movement would take on some of the

0:02:02.240 --> 0:02:05.520
<v Speaker 2>ideas with a louder and more prominent voice. Do they

0:02:05.520 --> 0:02:07.800
<v Speaker 2>just want to give more details on the movement and

0:02:07.880 --> 0:02:12.560
<v Speaker 2>what exactly they were doing in their heyday?

0:02:12.600 --> 0:02:14.240
<v Speaker 1>Clearly, the anarchists move went in.

0:02:14.120 --> 0:02:17.120
<v Speaker 2>Egypt was not confined to the local It was all

0:02:17.120 --> 0:02:21.120
<v Speaker 2>about connected with anarchists from different countries, making international friendships

0:02:21.200 --> 0:02:24.840
<v Speaker 2>and fighting for their shared ideals. The anarchists in Egypt

0:02:24.960 --> 0:02:28.440
<v Speaker 2>got involved with the conference in Verva's and conferences in

0:02:28.480 --> 0:02:32.680
<v Speaker 2>London and Italy and hung up with anarchists from Istanbul, Greece,

0:02:32.880 --> 0:02:37.360
<v Speaker 2>Tunisia and more. Egypt became the spot for anarchists in

0:02:37.400 --> 0:02:40.400
<v Speaker 2>the eastern Mediterranean, and they'd made connections all the way

0:02:40.440 --> 0:02:42.240
<v Speaker 2>to the United States and South America.

0:02:42.960 --> 0:02:46.040
<v Speaker 3>It's kind of interestingly playing a similar role to like

0:02:46.919 --> 0:02:50.760
<v Speaker 3>early nineteen hundreds Japan in terms of the anarchist movement,

0:02:50.880 --> 0:02:53.000
<v Speaker 3>where yeah, it's you know, you get these sort of

0:02:53.040 --> 0:02:56.000
<v Speaker 3>like regional hubs that develop and people sort of like

0:02:56.120 --> 0:02:59.240
<v Speaker 3>moved through and around them, which I think is really interesting.

0:03:00.200 --> 0:03:05.720
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, yeah, agreed, Agreed, and each of being in a hub,

0:03:05.840 --> 0:03:08.440
<v Speaker 2>you know, a lot of big name anarchists to are visiting, oh,

0:03:08.480 --> 0:03:12.919
<v Speaker 2>you know, big name talking people like am Claire Cypriani,

0:03:13.840 --> 0:03:18.520
<v Speaker 2>Elised Recluse, Aricoma ro Testa, Luigi Kaliani, and Pietro Gory.

0:03:19.240 --> 0:03:24.680
<v Speaker 2>And of course with these agitators in the mix, the

0:03:24.720 --> 0:03:27.720
<v Speaker 2>authority has called it the new of Us. But the

0:03:27.800 --> 0:03:32.600
<v Speaker 2>real life flood of the movement with not these influential figures,

0:03:33.240 --> 0:03:37.320
<v Speaker 2>they were the publications that this community was producing and

0:03:37.360 --> 0:03:42.360
<v Speaker 2>reading and distributing. The anarchists in Egypt didn't just read

0:03:42.400 --> 0:03:45.720
<v Speaker 2>from newsletters all around the world, though that was a

0:03:45.760 --> 0:03:48.680
<v Speaker 2>part of it, but they also contributed their own articles.

0:03:48.720 --> 0:03:53.320
<v Speaker 2>But always happening in Egypt they're connected, informed and motivated

0:03:53.400 --> 0:03:56.760
<v Speaker 2>by the international community they had built. There are a

0:03:56.760 --> 0:04:01.680
<v Speaker 2>bunch of publications dedicated to work as issues, offering insights, debates,

0:04:01.680 --> 0:04:06.000
<v Speaker 2>and discussions on common difficulties on matters of labor, organization,

0:04:06.200 --> 0:04:11.040
<v Speaker 2>and strategy. Facilitated by an increasingly developed international transport system,

0:04:11.400 --> 0:04:15.720
<v Speaker 2>particularly steamership services, the International Anarchist press served as a

0:04:15.800 --> 0:04:18.680
<v Speaker 2>vital channel the dissemination and diffusion.

0:04:18.320 --> 0:04:19.640
<v Speaker 1>Of the movement's ideas.

0:04:19.960 --> 0:04:26.520
<v Speaker 2>It was the anarchist Library before the anarchist Library in

0:04:26.600 --> 0:04:27.000
<v Speaker 2>terms of.

0:04:26.960 --> 0:04:29.480
<v Speaker 1>How they went about organizing and propriation.

0:04:29.560 --> 0:04:33.680
<v Speaker 2>In Egypt, the anarchists there recognized the unique challenges of

0:04:33.720 --> 0:04:34.920
<v Speaker 2>the local situation.

0:04:34.600 --> 0:04:35.520
<v Speaker 1>That they have to deal with.

0:04:36.480 --> 0:04:41.039
<v Speaker 2>For the European anarchists, promoting the message of emancipation and

0:04:41.480 --> 0:04:44.719
<v Speaker 2>combat and the exploitation, ignorance, and injustice caused by capitalism,

0:04:44.760 --> 0:04:48.200
<v Speaker 2>the states and religious authority would be no easy task

0:04:48.440 --> 0:04:51.839
<v Speaker 2>in a region where, for one, they're already being seen

0:04:52.080 --> 0:04:57.160
<v Speaker 2>as part of the onicle and attempts of political domination

0:04:57.200 --> 0:05:01.279
<v Speaker 2>by Western powers, and also in a region with very

0:05:01.320 --> 0:05:06.200
<v Speaker 2>deep historical religious divisions, you know, such as the Crusades

0:05:06.240 --> 0:05:10.520
<v Speaker 2>and the British French colonization. It's really one of the

0:05:10.560 --> 0:05:15.159
<v Speaker 2>major projects I suppose the European anarchists needed to communicate

0:05:15.680 --> 0:05:18.680
<v Speaker 2>to the local population was that their ire did not

0:05:18.880 --> 0:05:22.320
<v Speaker 2>lay with Europeans as a whole. It lay primarily with

0:05:22.520 --> 0:05:27.240
<v Speaker 2>the European ruling class, and so when it came into

0:05:27.279 --> 0:05:31.159
<v Speaker 2>critique and societal issues and has strongly attacked the evils

0:05:31.200 --> 0:05:33.919
<v Speaker 2>of capitalism, and of course that had the best reception

0:05:34.000 --> 0:05:37.159
<v Speaker 2>among the Egyptian workers. Of course, this isn't to say

0:05:37.240 --> 0:05:41.520
<v Speaker 2>that the European workers in Egypt were like completely in

0:05:41.560 --> 0:05:45.240
<v Speaker 2>common with the Egyptian workers, despite the fact that the

0:05:45.279 --> 0:05:48.839
<v Speaker 2>ire of the Egyptian workers should really lie primarily with

0:05:49.680 --> 0:05:53.760
<v Speaker 2>the European ruling class that was responsible for the imperialization

0:05:53.800 --> 0:05:56.839
<v Speaker 2>of their country and the expectation of their people. The

0:05:56.880 --> 0:06:01.560
<v Speaker 2>presence of the European workers did also contribute to the

0:06:01.680 --> 0:06:06.080
<v Speaker 2>exploitation because those European workers were paid so much better

0:06:06.240 --> 0:06:11.160
<v Speaker 2>than native worn workers were. It was experienced and privileges

0:06:11.279 --> 0:06:15.880
<v Speaker 2>that the Native one workers did not have access to. Interestingly,

0:06:16.080 --> 0:06:20.440
<v Speaker 2>although anarchists typically advocate for emancipation from all religious authorities,

0:06:21.360 --> 0:06:25.440
<v Speaker 2>Islam wasn't specifically targeted in their literature, and there was

0:06:25.680 --> 0:06:29.840
<v Speaker 2>probably a pragmatic consideration for whether anti religiou rhetoric would fly,

0:06:30.680 --> 0:06:33.520
<v Speaker 2>considering they could just be reported because of course that

0:06:33.640 --> 0:06:37.120
<v Speaker 2>was a crime. They still took on a hostile attitude

0:06:37.160 --> 0:06:40.279
<v Speaker 2>towards the Egyptian state, though, condemn its course of actions,

0:06:40.400 --> 0:06:44.080
<v Speaker 2>surveillance culture, and abusive power, but they didn't confront it

0:06:44.320 --> 0:06:47.320
<v Speaker 2>head on. The program of action was far more focused

0:06:47.320 --> 0:06:51.919
<v Speaker 2>on the goal of social transformation through the use of propaganda, education,

0:06:52.520 --> 0:06:56.880
<v Speaker 2>and workers associations. Because of the mixed conditions in Europe

0:06:57.000 --> 0:07:00.560
<v Speaker 2>and in Egypt, the ideal of people of different races, religions,

0:07:00.560 --> 0:07:04.159
<v Speaker 2>and nationalities united in solidarity had some real potency to it.

0:07:04.200 --> 0:07:07.600
<v Speaker 2>So the internationalist mission was a very central component in

0:07:07.640 --> 0:07:12.400
<v Speaker 2>their messaging at public conferences and at labor meetings, But

0:07:12.600 --> 0:07:16.480
<v Speaker 2>it really was more so about the speaking the propaganda

0:07:16.520 --> 0:07:18.400
<v Speaker 2>of the word rather than the propaganda of the deed.

0:07:18.400 --> 0:07:22.000
<v Speaker 2>In fact, interestingly, for that time, the anarchists in Egypt

0:07:22.000 --> 0:07:25.240
<v Speaker 2>didn't really engage in much propaganda of the deed at all,

0:07:26.040 --> 0:07:29.560
<v Speaker 2>Propaganda the deed being you know, political violence and assassination attempts.

0:07:40.240 --> 0:07:43.560
<v Speaker 1>For those who know you know a bit about.

0:07:43.280 --> 0:07:45.800
<v Speaker 2>The anarchists of that time, propaganda of the deed was

0:07:45.800 --> 0:07:49.200
<v Speaker 2>what they were known for. They had some some big

0:07:49.280 --> 0:07:53.480
<v Speaker 2>name assassinations in the books. For example, Franz Fudinan I

0:07:53.480 --> 0:07:56.320
<v Speaker 2>believe was assassinated by an anarchist.

0:07:56.560 --> 0:08:00.360
<v Speaker 3>No hold on Franford nand is the guy he was

0:08:00.440 --> 0:08:05.600
<v Speaker 3>killed by. Gavya Princett, the guy who started World War One.

0:08:06.560 --> 0:08:10.280
<v Speaker 2>Right. I've seen some sources call him a nationalist, souses

0:08:10.360 --> 0:08:12.280
<v Speaker 2>call him an anarchist.

0:08:12.520 --> 0:08:15.320
<v Speaker 3>I don't think he was an anarchist.

0:08:16.320 --> 0:08:21.240
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, he was exposed to socialist, anarchist and communist writings

0:08:21.280 --> 0:08:24.480
<v Speaker 2>when he was younger, through school and through his roommate

0:08:24.720 --> 0:08:30.080
<v Speaker 2>danielo Iriech, but he was more so associated with nationalists,

0:08:31.000 --> 0:08:34.840
<v Speaker 2>particularly when he got around to assassinate in Franz Ferdinand.

0:08:35.600 --> 0:08:41.840
<v Speaker 2>Nazis and fascists did call him an anarchist and a socialist,

0:08:42.640 --> 0:08:45.679
<v Speaker 2>But it seems as though although he was inspired by

0:08:47.040 --> 0:08:49.920
<v Speaker 2>nationalists anarchists, he was more so in the nationalists side

0:08:49.960 --> 0:08:50.440
<v Speaker 2>of the equation.

0:08:51.240 --> 0:08:53.640
<v Speaker 3>Yeah. I mean they did kill a few Habsburgs, which

0:08:54.040 --> 0:08:57.160
<v Speaker 3>always always a good thing to have less Habsburgs in

0:08:57.200 --> 0:08:59.920
<v Speaker 3>the world. You can you can you can make you

0:09:00.040 --> 0:09:02.400
<v Speaker 3>can make a chart over time and what access is

0:09:02.440 --> 0:09:04.679
<v Speaker 3>good and the other axis is Habsburg. You can see

0:09:04.679 --> 0:09:06.040
<v Speaker 3>that they're adversely correlated.

0:09:08.360 --> 0:09:10.720
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, yeah, habspurgs or something else.

0:09:11.760 --> 0:09:14.280
<v Speaker 2>But yeah, the anarchists in Egypt not too much into

0:09:14.280 --> 0:09:17.080
<v Speaker 2>the political violence and assassinations. They were focused really on

0:09:17.120 --> 0:09:20.760
<v Speaker 2>promoting the ideas through spoken and written communication, you know,

0:09:20.880 --> 0:09:24.840
<v Speaker 2>like public meetings, demonstrations in the press, and the press

0:09:24.880 --> 0:09:28.880
<v Speaker 2>was really the crucial axis of their efforts and disseminating

0:09:28.920 --> 0:09:32.160
<v Speaker 2>the ideas and sustaining their identity. They had local properly,

0:09:32.600 --> 0:09:40.160
<v Speaker 2>they had local publications like that Tribuna Liberal, Lepero, Looks

0:09:40.440 --> 0:09:44.560
<v Speaker 2>and others, which save to spread anarchist thought and discuss.

0:09:44.280 --> 0:09:46.800
<v Speaker 1>Ideas and issues of social emancipation.

0:09:51.000 --> 0:09:59.559
<v Speaker 2>The weekly paper l'apero mostly promoted anarcho syndicalism, and then

0:09:59.600 --> 0:10:02.960
<v Speaker 2>the paper Ill Dominant Dominie came up and decided to

0:10:03.200 --> 0:10:07.640
<v Speaker 2>adopt a more tridently libertarian tone. And then you have

0:10:09.000 --> 0:10:14.520
<v Speaker 2>Rise Again Or, which is another people another weekly that

0:10:14.600 --> 0:10:19.040
<v Speaker 2>promoted a very strong anti clerical line. And then there

0:10:19.120 --> 0:10:23.559
<v Speaker 2>was the people who Ergatis, which was or the Worker,

0:10:23.960 --> 0:10:26.440
<v Speaker 2>and that was an organized organ for the emancipation of

0:10:26.520 --> 0:10:29.240
<v Speaker 2>women and the worker, and it provided primarily for a

0:10:29.280 --> 0:10:35.280
<v Speaker 2>Greek language readership. Are see a lot of these seapers

0:10:35.320 --> 0:10:40.199
<v Speaker 2>will tailor towards specific languages, so that Greek had Italian

0:10:40.880 --> 0:10:45.600
<v Speaker 2>and you also had French like Legnon and l Idea.

0:10:46.520 --> 0:10:50.800
<v Speaker 2>But despite its polygod character, the anarchist press in Egypt

0:10:50.880 --> 0:10:54.720
<v Speaker 2>doesn't seem to have included an Arabic language newspaper, which

0:10:54.760 --> 0:11:01.480
<v Speaker 2>is kind of weird when you're surrounded by Arabic speaking people. However,

0:11:02.480 --> 0:11:06.520
<v Speaker 2>anarchism had regularly featured in the mainstream Arabic newspapers since

0:11:07.000 --> 0:11:10.520
<v Speaker 2>since the eighteen nineties, usually however in reports and the

0:11:10.559 --> 0:11:15.040
<v Speaker 2>activities in the movement abroad, not locally in Egypt. At

0:11:15.080 --> 0:11:18.480
<v Speaker 2>the same time, there were also journals like Al Muktataf

0:11:18.640 --> 0:11:22.480
<v Speaker 2>and Al Hilal, which carried articles discussing the origins and

0:11:22.520 --> 0:11:26.440
<v Speaker 2>development of anarchist thought and practice. It seems as though

0:11:26.480 --> 0:11:28.800
<v Speaker 2>in eighteen ninety seven there was also a figure who

0:11:29.080 --> 0:11:34.880
<v Speaker 2>engaged with socialized ideas, but that particular publication seems to

0:11:34.880 --> 0:11:39.720
<v Speaker 2>have been closed down quite quickly by the authorities, particularly

0:11:39.720 --> 0:11:43.920
<v Speaker 2>for feature in the work of Salama Musa and Shibili Shumayu,

0:11:44.360 --> 0:11:47.319
<v Speaker 2>who were two Egyptian writers who were clearly influenced by

0:11:47.360 --> 0:11:51.120
<v Speaker 2>anarchist ideas. Something that just occurred to me is that

0:11:51.320 --> 0:11:56.560
<v Speaker 2>what it could be influencing this is that the Italians

0:11:56.559 --> 0:11:58.760
<v Speaker 2>and the Greeks and the French and all these different

0:11:58.760 --> 0:12:04.240
<v Speaker 2>people who are writing about these anarchist ideas in Egypt.

0:12:04.880 --> 0:12:08.480
<v Speaker 2>It's possibly they had a bit more leeway when it

0:12:08.520 --> 0:12:13.920
<v Speaker 2>came to the local authorities that locals themselves would not have.

0:12:15.080 --> 0:12:19.680
<v Speaker 2>Their foreign status may have provided them with slight immunity

0:12:20.440 --> 0:12:22.720
<v Speaker 2>in comparison. And this is just me spitball in, but

0:12:22.960 --> 0:12:28.640
<v Speaker 2>it's possible that Arabophone writers and speakers would be taken

0:12:28.679 --> 0:12:31.320
<v Speaker 2>on significantly more risk if they were to agitate in

0:12:31.360 --> 0:12:34.800
<v Speaker 2>the same ways that these you know, migrant workers were advocating.

0:12:36.040 --> 0:12:39.880
<v Speaker 2>And then there's also the component and that speculation, but

0:12:39.960 --> 0:12:45.319
<v Speaker 2>there is a proven component of financial difficulties and limited

0:12:45.320 --> 0:12:49.520
<v Speaker 2>literacy rates among the Egyptian population that made it difficult

0:12:49.520 --> 0:12:54.920
<v Speaker 2>to distribute Arabic language material, religious and anarchism because a

0:12:54.960 --> 0:12:57.719
<v Speaker 2>lot of the workers in Egypt who spoke Arabic were

0:12:57.760 --> 0:13:04.120
<v Speaker 2>not literate. What did help, though, because you know, the

0:13:04.120 --> 0:13:08.079
<v Speaker 2>anarchists were about that life. They would go to cafes

0:13:09.840 --> 0:13:14.280
<v Speaker 2>and read the newspapers out loud to reach their target audience.

0:13:15.400 --> 0:13:22.319
<v Speaker 2>The first podcasters exactly exactly, the first podcasters for real,

0:13:23.160 --> 0:13:26.240
<v Speaker 2>as the anarchist movement in Egypt was really commemorating important

0:13:26.280 --> 0:13:29.800
<v Speaker 2>political events, celebrating new principles through posters, leaflets, and flyers

0:13:30.800 --> 0:13:34.040
<v Speaker 2>celebrating the animal history of events like the Paris Commune

0:13:34.080 --> 0:13:37.880
<v Speaker 2>in May day truly spread that message of international solidarity

0:13:37.880 --> 0:13:43.000
<v Speaker 2>among the workers, and anarchists in Egypt are also very

0:13:43.040 --> 0:13:49.040
<v Speaker 2>fond of showing solidarity to their international figures like Francisco Ferrer,

0:13:49.600 --> 0:13:53.240
<v Speaker 2>who was a very influential Spanish anarchist thinker who did

0:13:53.280 --> 0:13:56.320
<v Speaker 2>a lot of work in the field of anarchist education.

0:13:56.920 --> 0:14:00.400
<v Speaker 2>He created for their schools, which influenced figures like Goldman

0:14:00.480 --> 0:14:04.319
<v Speaker 2>to create their own modern schools in the US and elsewhere.

0:14:05.640 --> 0:14:10.400
<v Speaker 2>And he was arrested and then executed, which led to

0:14:10.520 --> 0:14:13.920
<v Speaker 2>a lot of protests both locally and internationally, making him

0:14:13.960 --> 0:14:27.880
<v Speaker 2>something of a martyr for the anarchist cause. And so

0:14:28.000 --> 0:14:31.040
<v Speaker 2>the outrage expressed at the execution of Ferver was not

0:14:31.280 --> 0:14:34.920
<v Speaker 2>simply just a protest against the attorney, but also recognition

0:14:34.960 --> 0:14:37.920
<v Speaker 2>of his status as an advocate for cycle education, which

0:14:37.960 --> 0:14:39.800
<v Speaker 2>is an important vehicle for you know.

0:14:39.760 --> 0:14:40.600
<v Speaker 1>Social emancipation.

0:14:41.760 --> 0:14:45.240
<v Speaker 2>Before Francisco Ferrera was executed, though anarchists in Egypt were

0:14:45.240 --> 0:14:51.120
<v Speaker 2>already working on educational programs. In fact, they launched their

0:14:51.160 --> 0:14:57.120
<v Speaker 2>most ambitious project, the Free Popular University or Universita Popularity

0:14:57.440 --> 0:15:01.320
<v Speaker 2>Liberal or UPL, in alexand Andrea in nineteen oh one.

0:15:02.520 --> 0:15:05.720
<v Speaker 2>The UPL aimed to provide free evening education to the

0:15:05.720 --> 0:15:10.880
<v Speaker 2>popular classes and received great support across alexandri and society.

0:15:12.360 --> 0:15:16.600
<v Speaker 2>Courses included you know, the works of Tolstoi and Bucunan,

0:15:17.480 --> 0:15:24.400
<v Speaker 2>the arts, and pragmatic topics like worker negotiation strategies. However,

0:15:24.560 --> 0:15:28.800
<v Speaker 2>the upl's radical nature also brought criticism, with the Italian

0:15:28.840 --> 0:15:33.080
<v Speaker 2>authorities initiating legal proceedings against the UPL lecturer for some

0:15:33.160 --> 0:15:36.960
<v Speaker 2>remarks he made about the assassination of the Italian king Umbelta. First,

0:15:37.920 --> 0:15:41.320
<v Speaker 2>I of course leave you to speculate what those comments

0:15:41.320 --> 0:15:46.120
<v Speaker 2>and remarks may have been. But despite some initial public support,

0:15:46.960 --> 0:15:54.960
<v Speaker 2>its critics accused the UPL of being based on depraved principles.

0:15:56.600 --> 0:15:59.200
<v Speaker 2>Now I mentioned this school before, and the episode did

0:15:59.280 --> 0:16:03.480
<v Speaker 2>on Islam and anarchism, and like I said in that episode,

0:16:03.680 --> 0:16:07.520
<v Speaker 2>Ouric speakers would quickly marginalized from the education, and the

0:16:07.560 --> 0:16:10.840
<v Speaker 2>UPL gradually became more aimed toward and controlled by upper

0:16:10.840 --> 0:16:15.680
<v Speaker 2>class interests. In fact, within a year, reliably bourgeois elements

0:16:15.720 --> 0:16:18.600
<v Speaker 2>had arrested control of the UPL from its anarchist founders

0:16:19.080 --> 0:16:25.440
<v Speaker 2>and had wrested controlled the UPL from its anarchist founders

0:16:25.720 --> 0:16:28.680
<v Speaker 2>and proceeded to transform it into a vocational college that,

0:16:29.240 --> 0:16:35.200
<v Speaker 2>among other things, taught shorthand, accountancy, and languages. So, despite

0:16:35.200 --> 0:16:38.960
<v Speaker 2>its very brief existence as a revolutionary project, the UPL

0:16:39.040 --> 0:16:42.440
<v Speaker 2>marked an important movement for anarchism in Egypt and inspired

0:16:42.480 --> 0:16:47.120
<v Speaker 2>other movements seeking educational reform. The upl's impacts and vision

0:16:47.280 --> 0:16:52.080
<v Speaker 2>influenced Egyptian nationalists, who established the Higher Schools Club in

0:16:52.160 --> 0:16:55.560
<v Speaker 2>nineteen oh five, which also emphasized educational means.

0:16:55.280 --> 0:16:56.440
<v Speaker 1>For political purposes.

0:17:00.400 --> 0:17:03.600
<v Speaker 2>Anarchism in Egypt had a significant impact on the development

0:17:03.640 --> 0:17:06.800
<v Speaker 2>of the labor movement. As a new working class emerged

0:17:06.840 --> 0:17:10.560
<v Speaker 2>towards the end of the nineteenth century, anacho cynicalism emerged

0:17:10.600 --> 0:17:14.680
<v Speaker 2>as a powerful force advocating for formal collective organization as

0:17:14.680 --> 0:17:17.840
<v Speaker 2>the instrument of social revolution. Of course, each just's labor

0:17:17.880 --> 0:17:20.639
<v Speaker 2>movement wasn't entirely new, as killed have been part of

0:17:20.680 --> 0:17:24.280
<v Speaker 2>the traditional Ottoman order, regulating trade and provide mutual lead

0:17:24.720 --> 0:17:27.919
<v Speaker 2>but the modernization efforts of Muhammad Ali no Relation and

0:17:28.000 --> 0:17:32.280
<v Speaker 2>Egypt's integration into the international capitalist system changed that landscape,

0:17:32.400 --> 0:17:35.560
<v Speaker 2>affecting the role of guilds and shape in the working class.

0:17:36.320 --> 0:17:39.640
<v Speaker 2>Foreign workers, like I mentioned before, came into Egypt alongside

0:17:39.680 --> 0:17:44.880
<v Speaker 2>native Egyptian labor, but despite the differences between them, evidence

0:17:44.920 --> 0:17:48.520
<v Speaker 2>does show a strong cooperation and collaboration between the groups.

0:17:49.119 --> 0:17:56.160
<v Speaker 2>The native Egyptian working class was affected by a variety

0:17:56.960 --> 0:18:00.040
<v Speaker 2>of factors, but there was a model of collaboration that

0:18:00.160 --> 0:18:10.080
<v Speaker 2>was emersion between European and Egyptian workers. The Cigarette Rollers Union,

0:18:10.119 --> 0:18:14.000
<v Speaker 2>for example, was initially a Greek body in Cairo, but

0:18:14.119 --> 0:18:18.240
<v Speaker 2>later became more inclusive as their successful strike in eighteen

0:18:18.240 --> 0:18:21.760
<v Speaker 2>and nine to nineteen hundred marked a milestone in Egyptian

0:18:21.880 --> 0:18:30.240
<v Speaker 2>industrial militancy. However, their subsequent strikes fixed However, subsequent strikes

0:18:30.280 --> 0:18:34.720
<v Speaker 2>faced brutal confrontations with the police, leading to divisions.

0:18:34.240 --> 0:18:35.200
<v Speaker 1>Among the workers.

0:18:36.280 --> 0:18:38.000
<v Speaker 2>By the end of the first decade of the century,

0:18:38.440 --> 0:18:41.720
<v Speaker 2>the Anacos Syndicalist International Union had emerged as a significant

0:18:41.760 --> 0:18:47.840
<v Speaker 2>force based on universalist principles and international solidarity. The optimism

0:18:47.880 --> 0:18:50.720
<v Speaker 2>for the future of a socialist center in Cairo was

0:18:50.720 --> 0:18:53.199
<v Speaker 2>a reflection of the broader movement within the working class

0:18:53.760 --> 0:18:59.160
<v Speaker 2>led by anarchists and cynicalists. Anarchism first appeared in Egypt

0:18:59.240 --> 0:19:03.160
<v Speaker 2>among Italian political refugees and workers during the eighteen sixties,

0:19:04.080 --> 0:19:08.200
<v Speaker 2>nurtured by a development international network of labor transporting communications

0:19:08.640 --> 0:19:12.640
<v Speaker 2>expanded beyond Italian circles, attract members from across Egypt's diverse

0:19:12.800 --> 0:19:19.679
<v Speaker 2>communities the heterogynous through the discourse of radical social emancipation

0:19:19.880 --> 0:19:24.679
<v Speaker 2>and propaganda and public action declaring the universality of humankind

0:19:24.720 --> 0:19:27.000
<v Speaker 2>and the crime the evils of capitalism state power on

0:19:27.119 --> 0:19:32.800
<v Speaker 2>the dogma, the anarchist movement would come into force in

0:19:32.880 --> 0:19:37.000
<v Speaker 2>Egypt's history in the years after nineteen hundred. Anarchist cyndicalism

0:19:37.040 --> 0:19:39.439
<v Speaker 2>played a central role in development of the labor movement

0:19:39.840 --> 0:19:42.840
<v Speaker 2>or circulating the rights of workers in struggle against capital,

0:19:43.240 --> 0:19:50.280
<v Speaker 2>against capital and promoting internationalists activism yet wildly rejected. Yet

0:19:50.280 --> 0:19:54.000
<v Speaker 2>while they rejected nationalism as an organizing principle, anarchists did

0:19:54.040 --> 0:19:56.359
<v Speaker 2>at times to make common cause of the nationalists against

0:19:56.400 --> 0:20:01.000
<v Speaker 2>imperialism and arguably had a revie lub eats An influence

0:20:01.359 --> 0:20:04.320
<v Speaker 2>on the strategy is antactics of the nationalist movement.

0:20:06.040 --> 0:20:07.399
<v Speaker 1>That's all I have for today.

0:20:09.119 --> 0:20:14.639
<v Speaker 2>On this brief month in Egyptian anarchist history, but I

0:20:14.680 --> 0:20:20.399
<v Speaker 2>hope an illuminated, very interesting.

0:20:21.600 --> 0:20:24.240
<v Speaker 1>Chapter and context. That's fair.

0:20:25.160 --> 0:20:28.960
<v Speaker 3>Yeah, And I think there's another kind of important, broader

0:20:29.040 --> 0:20:32.560
<v Speaker 3>lesson from this that is I think mostly forgotten, which

0:20:32.600 --> 0:20:38.959
<v Speaker 3>is that you know, from this period of I don't know,

0:20:39.160 --> 0:20:43.000
<v Speaker 3>roughly the late eighteen hundreds through about nineteen seventeen, like

0:20:43.119 --> 0:20:47.119
<v Speaker 3>in most parts of the world except for basically like

0:20:47.520 --> 0:20:51.320
<v Speaker 3>Western Europe, or not even Western Europe, like apart from

0:20:51.560 --> 0:20:56.240
<v Speaker 3>basically like the Germany's, if you're talking about socialism, there's

0:20:56.280 --> 0:20:58.440
<v Speaker 3>like anywhere in the world, there's a very very good

0:20:58.520 --> 0:21:02.240
<v Speaker 3>chance the thing you're actually talking about isism. And you know,

0:21:02.320 --> 0:21:07.200
<v Speaker 3>there's been a sort of systemic attempt by both liberal

0:21:07.240 --> 0:21:10.000
<v Speaker 3>and sort of later communists like historians to sort of

0:21:10.040 --> 0:21:13.240
<v Speaker 3>like wipe the historical record clean and make it look

0:21:13.320 --> 0:21:16.840
<v Speaker 3>like everything was always sort of like the sort of

0:21:16.880 --> 0:21:20.000
<v Speaker 3>on rush of Marxism, but like that just wasn't true.

0:21:20.080 --> 0:21:25.040
<v Speaker 3>And they were very powerful anarchist movements on every continent,

0:21:26.440 --> 0:21:27.600
<v Speaker 3>and they did a lot, they did a lot of

0:21:27.640 --> 0:21:30.879
<v Speaker 3>really interesting things, and yeah, yeah, that.

0:21:31.200 --> 0:21:34.000
<v Speaker 2>Really needs to be respected and recognized and it hasn't

0:21:34.080 --> 0:21:38.280
<v Speaker 2>so far, So flee this and if folks check out

0:21:38.280 --> 0:21:41.480
<v Speaker 2>the book they can get some more insights on some

0:21:41.560 --> 0:21:45.240
<v Speaker 2>of the other actions that have taken place in that time. Again,

0:21:45.320 --> 0:21:48.320
<v Speaker 2>the book is anarchism and syndicalism in the colonial and

0:21:48.359 --> 0:21:53.440
<v Speaker 2>post colonial world. It really illuminates a lot of that

0:21:53.600 --> 0:21:57.600
<v Speaker 2>lost history. Thanks for joining me and be young on

0:21:57.640 --> 0:22:00.240
<v Speaker 2>this episode of It Can Happen Here Again. You can

0:22:00.240 --> 0:22:03.959
<v Speaker 2>follow me Andrew on the YouTube channel andrewism on support

0:22:04.040 --> 0:22:09.360
<v Speaker 2>on petare dot com slash Sandrew take Ko.

0:22:11.960 --> 0:22:14.440
<v Speaker 3>It Could Happen Here as a production of cool Zone Media.

0:22:14.520 --> 0:22:17.200
<v Speaker 3>For more podcasts from cool Zone Media, visit our website

0:22:17.240 --> 0:22:19.480
<v Speaker 3>cool zonemedia dot com or check us out on the

0:22:19.520 --> 0:22:22.960
<v Speaker 3>iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you listen to podcasts.

0:22:23.480 --> 0:22:25.640
<v Speaker 3>You can find sources for It Could Happen Here, updated

0:22:25.680 --> 0:22:29.280
<v Speaker 3>monthly at cool zonemedia dot com slash sources. Thanks for

0:22:29.359 --> 0:22:29.679
<v Speaker 3>listening