WEBVTT - Editorial Cartoons: Art as Satire 0:00:01.440 --> 0:00:06.360 Welcome to Stuff You Should Know, a production of iHeartRadio. 0:00:11.119 --> 0:00:13.319 Hey, and welcome to the podcast. I'm Josh, and there's 0:00:13.400 --> 0:00:16.880 Chuck and Jerry's here too, And this is Stuff you 0:00:16.920 --> 0:00:21.920 should Know. And that's it. It's the and On edition. 0:00:24.200 --> 0:00:30.360 Yeah, it's about editorial cartoons aka political cartoons. They are 0:00:30.440 --> 0:00:32.800 one and the same. They're you know, usually appear in 0:00:32.840 --> 0:00:36.280 the traditionally in the editorial section or the opinion section 0:00:36.360 --> 0:00:38.800 of newspapers, so that's why you can call them either. 0:00:39.840 --> 0:00:44.800 And this is a profession that appears to be dying 0:00:44.840 --> 0:00:47.760 out if you look at the number of editorial cartoonists 0:00:47.760 --> 0:00:52.320 that are like full time staff at major newspapers, because 0:00:52.320 --> 0:00:54.480 there used to be more than two thousand about one 0:00:54.560 --> 0:00:58.080 hundred years ago. Now there's less than twenty. And Dave, 0:00:58.280 --> 0:00:59.960 you know, helped us with this and found that staff. 0:01:00.160 --> 0:01:02.560 And I think we were both initially like, oh my god, 0:01:02.640 --> 0:01:06.120 they're all going away. Not necessarily true. Those are full 0:01:06.120 --> 0:01:09.720 time staffers on newspapers. Newspapers are in trouble, so that's 0:01:09.760 --> 0:01:12.000 a big reason why we'll get to that. But there 0:01:12.040 --> 0:01:16.560 are still plenty of editorial cartoonists and political cartoonists mainly 0:01:16.600 --> 0:01:18.160 working online. 0:01:18.040 --> 0:01:21.880 Right, Yeah, And for syndication companies, Like you can work 0:01:21.920 --> 0:01:24.600 for a syndicate and they'll distribute it to newspapers that 0:01:24.680 --> 0:01:27.800 want to run your political cartoon, just like with comics. 0:01:28.680 --> 0:01:31.960 Yeah. So it's I won't say like we're at peak 0:01:32.319 --> 0:01:34.760 the Golden age of it, but it's it's still alive 0:01:34.800 --> 0:01:36.479 and well in just sort of a different form. 0:01:36.560 --> 0:01:39.440 Yeah. I've seen the Golden Age referred to as in 0:01:39.480 --> 0:01:42.760 the nineteenth century. You know, I'm like, these people didn't 0:01:42.800 --> 0:01:46.360 live through the eighties. That was the golden age. 0:01:46.440 --> 0:01:49.480 Baby, oh man, I saw if I had a dime 0:01:49.640 --> 0:01:54.040 for every like cartoonish drawing of Tip O'Neil or Ronald Reagan. 0:01:54.040 --> 0:01:56.840 I saw growing up a security right, I didn't even like, 0:01:56.880 --> 0:01:57.680 who are these people? 0:01:57.800 --> 0:02:02.160 Yeah? No, that's a really great point that they editorial 0:02:02.200 --> 0:02:05.920 cartoons are like of the moment sometimes of the day 0:02:06.360 --> 0:02:09.080 where they like, they'll still make sense later that week, 0:02:09.120 --> 0:02:12.440 but they're not hitting because something already changed or moved 0:02:12.480 --> 0:02:16.040 on and they don't. As such, it's very rare that 0:02:16.080 --> 0:02:21.200 an editorial cartoon can still like land the way it 0:02:21.240 --> 0:02:24.040 originally did. That means that whatever it was talking about 0:02:24.160 --> 0:02:28.280 was so historic that people decades on know the like 0:02:28.360 --> 0:02:31.440 the ins and outs of it that the political cartoon 0:02:31.480 --> 0:02:34.000 is referring to. But for the most part, it's like 0:02:35.040 --> 0:02:39.880 daily minutia of ongoing politics and government. And if you 0:02:40.000 --> 0:02:41.800 just go back, like ten or fifteen years, it's like, 0:02:41.840 --> 0:02:45.880 I forgot John Bayner even existed until I went back 0:02:45.919 --> 0:02:48.440 and looked at some of the old political cartoons, and 0:02:48.480 --> 0:02:51.960 it's so important at the time, but you know, all 0:02:52.000 --> 0:02:54.720 these years on, it does not matter what that political 0:02:54.760 --> 0:02:57.280 cartoon was saying at the time it was. And that's 0:02:57.360 --> 0:02:59.120 a huge point about those things. 0:02:59.480 --> 0:03:03.320 That's why Michaels Ducaucus drove a tank. I remember, who's 0:03:03.360 --> 0:03:09.040 Michael doucaccas funny stuff? Oh yeah, his wife Kitty, that's right. 0:03:09.280 --> 0:03:13.079 And dan Quail spells potato wrong. It's so funny to 0:03:13.160 --> 0:03:16.880 kind of think about the greatest political hits of our childhood. 0:03:16.960 --> 0:03:21.040 Yeah, it's it's really far away, Chuck. 0:03:21.840 --> 0:03:24.160 Yeah, But like you said, it's sort of like greatest hits. 0:03:24.160 --> 0:03:28.160 You can look back at some Nixon Watergate political cartoons 0:03:28.360 --> 0:03:32.040 and totally get it, and they land, but they're not 0:03:32.040 --> 0:03:34.880 always funny. And that's the whole point of this, or 0:03:34.880 --> 0:03:39.200 not the whole point. But it's satire. It's satire. Can 0:03:39.280 --> 0:03:41.800 be super super funny, like if you read The Onion 0:03:41.880 --> 0:03:45.760 or something like that, or a well made satirical film 0:03:45.960 --> 0:03:49.600 or television show, but it's a different kind of humor. 0:03:49.720 --> 0:03:52.920 A lot of times satire isn't necessarily laugh out loud 0:03:52.960 --> 0:03:56.760 stuff because the point of satire usually is to influence 0:03:57.240 --> 0:04:01.200 what somebody thinks about something through in this case, image right. 0:04:02.320 --> 0:04:05.040 One of the explanations I saw for satires that it 0:04:05.120 --> 0:04:09.680 uses like a surface level presentation of a point to 0:04:09.800 --> 0:04:14.000 point out that the counterpoint is actually the more sensible thing. 0:04:15.800 --> 0:04:17.400 I can if I thought about that and saw it 0:04:17.440 --> 0:04:19.640 written down, I could probably figure out exactly. 0:04:19.680 --> 0:04:22.760 Okay, I've got one for you, Alexander Pope said, Praise 0:04:23.000 --> 0:04:29.159 undeserved is satire in disguise. No, still nothing. Okay, go 0:04:29.279 --> 0:04:32.640 watch the movie Soul Plane or Brian's Song and you 0:04:32.720 --> 0:04:34.960 will know what I'm talking about with satire. 0:04:36.680 --> 0:04:40.160 Brian's Song. You know they used to use that in 0:04:40.400 --> 0:04:43.080 crying studies. That's the one thing I remember about Brian 0:04:43.200 --> 0:04:44.920 Song was when I was a kid, I saw a 0:04:44.960 --> 0:04:49.080 news report where they're like, this new movie is so sad, 0:04:50.040 --> 0:04:52.680 and it showed people like in a room watching Brian's 0:04:52.680 --> 0:04:56.839 Song with these little tear gutters strapped to their face. Yeah, 0:04:57.240 --> 0:04:59.119 and just like bawling at that movie. 0:04:59.200 --> 0:05:01.679 And I'm sure the pull cartoon of the day about 0:05:01.800 --> 0:05:04.800 right had people crying and somebody said, are they watching 0:05:04.839 --> 0:05:07.320 Brian's song? And the guy says, no, they just found 0:05:07.360 --> 0:05:09.520 out Ronald Reagan was re elected governor. 0:05:10.640 --> 0:05:13.360 Well, we also you and I are as we said 0:05:13.400 --> 0:05:16.240 on record many times before I grew up as adherence 0:05:16.279 --> 0:05:20.080 to Mad magazine, and they didn't. I mean, they did 0:05:20.120 --> 0:05:23.080 political cartoons essentially, it just wasn't for a newspaper, but 0:05:23.120 --> 0:05:24.320 there was plenty of that stuff in there. 0:05:24.480 --> 0:05:29.200 Nice point. One of the other things about political cartoons 0:05:29.240 --> 0:05:33.279 is they present opinion. They do it in a way 0:05:33.279 --> 0:05:36.160 that's humorous, that's recognizable, you don't have to know how 0:05:36.160 --> 0:05:38.679 to read, which was for a long time the point 0:05:38.720 --> 0:05:43.599 of political cartoons. And it's presented in a way so 0:05:43.640 --> 0:05:47.040 that it takes everything you know. It makes assumptions about 0:05:47.080 --> 0:05:49.160 what you know. But usually they're pretty good at that, 0:05:49.640 --> 0:05:52.760 and it takes everything you know and can turn it 0:05:52.800 --> 0:05:55.960 on its head, can point out the folly, the ridiculousness 0:05:55.960 --> 0:06:01.320 of usually governments, politicians, policy sees that kind of stuff, 0:06:01.640 --> 0:06:07.679 but sometimes it's aimed unfairly at groups of people. The 0:06:07.880 --> 0:06:11.599 other point about it is that the actual like types 0:06:11.640 --> 0:06:16.440 of art it uses have been shown to neurologically like 0:06:16.640 --> 0:06:20.120 hit us different than say, like a photograph. 0:06:20.440 --> 0:06:24.440 Yeah, like when you draw a caricature or someone, or exaggerate, 0:06:24.839 --> 0:06:29.560 exaggerate the three year old if you exaggerate. 0:06:29.080 --> 0:06:33.360 Some Wait, hold on right, you can't do it as 0:06:33.360 --> 0:06:33.839 well as you. 0:06:34.720 --> 0:06:38.400 That's right, that's pretty good. Uh yeah, it's it's has 0:06:38.440 --> 0:06:40.760 more of a like, neurologically more of an impact than 0:06:40.800 --> 0:06:44.280 an actual photograph of somebody doing something even ridiculous. 0:06:44.440 --> 0:06:48.039 Yeah, it's called a super normal stimulus or a super stimuli, 0:06:48.200 --> 0:06:51.760 which is it just hits your brain that much harder. 0:06:52.120 --> 0:06:56.080 And so the caricature like, it's just something people just 0:06:56.120 --> 0:06:59.839 figured out over time, building little by little to create 0:06:59.880 --> 0:07:04.599 like the optimal political cartoon, which apparently popped up around 0:07:04.640 --> 0:07:05.800 the nineteen fifties. 0:07:06.920 --> 0:07:09.320 Well, or if you go to you know, a theme 0:07:09.400 --> 0:07:12.160 park or the streets of Paris or something, and you 0:07:12.200 --> 0:07:15.920 see a caricature artist parked next to the realistic like 0:07:15.920 --> 0:07:18.560 I'll do a realistic pencil sketch of you. Yeah, you 0:07:18.600 --> 0:07:21.720 got like one person over there, you got ten people 0:07:21.760 --> 0:07:24.880 in line, trying to get a big, old fathead version 0:07:24.880 --> 0:07:25.480 of themselves. 0:07:25.560 --> 0:07:28.240 Yeah, because they want to be super stimulated. 0:07:29.480 --> 0:07:31.800 Can I amend one thing that you said. You said 0:07:31.840 --> 0:07:35.600 that they use humor almost always that's the case, But 0:07:36.720 --> 0:07:39.760 some of my favorite political cartoons over the years sometimes 0:07:39.760 --> 0:07:44.640 they'll have just the really brutally cut, punchy sad ones. Yes, 0:07:44.680 --> 0:07:47.480 they're very very effective, you know, hilarious. 0:07:48.080 --> 0:07:53.000 No, yeah, no, they definitely. It doesn't always have to 0:07:53.000 --> 0:07:53.760 be humor, right. 0:07:53.920 --> 0:07:56.680 For sure, but what it always has to do is 0:07:56.840 --> 0:07:59.440 prove some kind of a point. There's never a political 0:07:59.520 --> 0:08:03.240 cartoon like, oh, this is just funny or something, because 0:08:03.280 --> 0:08:06.400 that's a comic striper. That's family circus exactly. 0:08:07.600 --> 0:08:12.360 So I say we go back way back to potentially 0:08:12.400 --> 0:08:17.280 the origin of political cartoons, which were religious in nature, 0:08:17.320 --> 0:08:20.680 because back in the sixteenth century, when Martin Luther was 0:08:20.720 --> 0:08:24.160 trying to reform the Catholic Church and ended up just 0:08:24.240 --> 0:08:28.920 kind of spinning off his own jam, the religion was politics. 0:08:28.960 --> 0:08:31.400 They were interchangeable, it was one of the same. So 0:08:31.480 --> 0:08:37.959 when he started printing wood cut cartoons that were really 0:08:38.040 --> 0:08:41.600 unflattering depictions of the pope and the bishops and the 0:08:41.600 --> 0:08:46.240 cardinals who aided the Pope. He was making a political statement. 0:08:46.559 --> 0:08:49.400 And so some people say that some of these prints 0:08:49.400 --> 0:08:52.680 from like way back in fifteen forty five, there's one 0:08:52.679 --> 0:08:56.079 called The Birth and Origin of the Pope, that this 0:08:56.240 --> 0:08:59.679 was essentially the first political cartoon ever printed. Because that's 0:08:59.679 --> 0:09:03.160 another thing too, you have to have a mass medium 0:09:03.600 --> 0:09:07.440 to spread this idea. And so this was shortly after 0:09:07.440 --> 0:09:10.839 the printing press was invented, and almost off the bat, 0:09:11.080 --> 0:09:13.880 Martin Luther was among the people who were using it 0:09:13.920 --> 0:09:16.319 to make political statements using cartoons. 0:09:16.800 --> 0:09:20.120 That's right. And if you're at home saying like, I 0:09:20.120 --> 0:09:23.480 bet he did that because so many people couldn't read yet, 0:09:23.880 --> 0:09:27.200 you're exactly right. The printing press was brand new and 0:09:27.679 --> 0:09:32.959 that changed literacy for the world basically, but right after 0:09:33.120 --> 0:09:35.280 it was invented, a lot of people still couldn't read, 0:09:35.360 --> 0:09:37.400 and so he knew that if he wanted to hit 0:09:37.440 --> 0:09:40.960 his target audience in the right way, the Birth and 0:09:41.040 --> 0:09:42.679 Origin of the Pope, it's a good way to do it. 0:09:42.840 --> 0:09:44.520 We'll describe a few of these that are sort of 0:09:44.520 --> 0:09:47.560 easy to picture. We're not going to get in the weeds, 0:09:47.600 --> 0:09:50.000 I think, kind of describing in detailed pictures on an 0:09:50.040 --> 0:09:52.880 audio show. But this one is very simple. It was 0:09:52.920 --> 0:09:57.360 the Pope and the cardinals being pooped out by a 0:09:57.400 --> 0:09:58.239 she devil. 0:09:58.640 --> 0:10:00.959 And then yeah, and then nursed by other she doubles 0:10:01.040 --> 0:10:05.319 Medusa's breastfeeding. It looks like a bishop in one part 0:10:05.360 --> 0:10:10.200 of this. It's really something. And that was I think, 0:10:10.480 --> 0:10:14.200 I think, I said fifteen forty five, and then nothing 0:10:14.280 --> 0:10:18.000 happened for two hundred years. And then a guy came 0:10:18.040 --> 0:10:22.360 along named William Hogarth. And those of you who really, 0:10:22.520 --> 0:10:26.800 really really pay attention to the stuff we say might 0:10:27.360 --> 0:10:29.640 find that that name rings a bell, and that would 0:10:29.679 --> 0:10:33.559 be because we talked about William Hogarth and our gin episode. 0:10:33.760 --> 0:10:37.640 That's right, there was a political cartoon he drew about, 0:10:37.960 --> 0:10:41.600 you know, drunks basically living at the corner of Beer 0:10:41.640 --> 0:10:45.240 Street in jen Lane. And that was Hogarth, who's considered 0:10:45.280 --> 0:10:49.360 the grandfather of political cartoons. He was a serious painter, 0:10:50.080 --> 0:10:53.760 but then he got into making fun of rich folks 0:10:53.760 --> 0:10:54.600 in London. 0:10:55.480 --> 0:10:59.079 Yes for sure. And he also it was a social commentary, 0:10:59.400 --> 0:11:02.680 so it was sad attire, it was exaggerated. That's another 0:11:02.800 --> 0:11:08.240 kind of key part of political cartoons, and it made 0:11:08.240 --> 0:11:11.720 a point about in this case society rather than politics. 0:11:12.679 --> 0:11:16.000 And so as a result William Hogarth is considered the 0:11:16.040 --> 0:11:20.720 grandfather of political cartoons. He was not making political cartoons, 0:11:20.760 --> 0:11:23.760 but he definitely set out some of the points on 0:11:23.840 --> 0:11:26.480 the table that would later be picked up actually fairly 0:11:26.559 --> 0:11:33.679 quickly by printers, publishers, and cartoonists, among whom was Benjamin Franklin, 0:11:34.080 --> 0:11:38.960 who started He ran what's considered the first American political 0:11:39.000 --> 0:11:41.520 cartoon back in seventeen fifty four. 0:11:42.559 --> 0:11:44.360 Yeah, so that was only, you know, a couple of 0:11:44.400 --> 0:11:52.880 decades after Hogarth. Yeah, Hogarth's Hogwart his earliest work. So 0:11:53.040 --> 0:11:55.559 it was sort of in the same era. And as 0:11:55.600 --> 0:11:57.480 we all know, or maybe some people don't know this, 0:11:57.520 --> 0:12:02.480 Benjamin Franklin ran a newspaper, yeah, the Philadelphia Gazette, and 0:12:02.720 --> 0:12:06.000 it was a cartoon. It was a cut up rattlesnake, 0:12:06.520 --> 0:12:10.840 with each section of the snake being a colony, like 0:12:10.880 --> 0:12:13.160 you know, New York had the abbreviation of the colony 0:12:13.160 --> 0:12:15.720 and it said join or die, and it was, you know, 0:12:15.760 --> 0:12:19.120 to try and rally people to unify against France and 0:12:19.160 --> 0:12:21.560 the lead up to the French and Indian War. And 0:12:21.600 --> 0:12:25.079 he is credited as even though he probably didn't draw 0:12:25.080 --> 0:12:27.400 this thing, he ran it. He is credited for making 0:12:27.440 --> 0:12:30.120 the rattlesnake a popular symbol for the colonies of the 0:12:30.720 --> 0:12:32.840 well not United States yet, the colonies. Yeah, it's all 0:12:32.840 --> 0:12:33.320 I need to say. 0:12:33.320 --> 0:12:35.760 And that's a pretty famous image that cut up snake 0:12:35.840 --> 0:12:40.480 as far as the US is concerned. But that was 0:12:40.520 --> 0:12:44.920 almost like a little side step for political cartoons because again, 0:12:45.360 --> 0:12:48.760 nothing happened for a good fifty years. And then along 0:12:48.800 --> 0:12:52.760 came James Gilray. He is considered the father of political cartoons. 0:12:53.000 --> 0:12:57.720 He was drawing satirical images to lampoon and point out 0:12:57.760 --> 0:13:02.960 the folly of people in charge. In this case, the 0:13:03.240 --> 0:13:07.360 King George the Third was his favorite, his favorite target 0:13:07.400 --> 0:13:10.920 because he was British. He was also anti colonial too, 0:13:11.800 --> 0:13:13.800 and so there was one very famous one that he 0:13:13.880 --> 0:13:17.440 did that depicts the Prime Minister at the time, William Pitt, 0:13:17.679 --> 0:13:21.400 with Napoleon carving up the world to eat. Yeah, it's 0:13:21.440 --> 0:13:24.640 in the form of a plum pudding also known as 0:13:24.679 --> 0:13:29.240 plum poutine, and Pitt and Napoleon are sitting at a 0:13:29.280 --> 0:13:32.680 table carving it up, just greedily eating the rest of 0:13:32.720 --> 0:13:35.920 the world. And apparently Napoleon was well aware of James 0:13:35.920 --> 0:13:38.720 Gilray because he had a pretty great quote, didn't he. 0:13:39.760 --> 0:13:42.360 H Yeah, I used to do a good Napoleon. I 0:13:42.360 --> 0:13:45.440 am I gonna try, though. Really he said that Gilray 0:13:45.480 --> 0:13:47.640 did more than all the armies of Europe to bring 0:13:47.679 --> 0:13:51.280 me down. And if you look at this cartoon, it's 0:13:52.440 --> 0:13:55.120 it really sort of looks like what we know as 0:13:55.160 --> 0:13:59.400 a modern political editorial cartoon. It's really really cool looking 0:13:59.400 --> 0:14:01.400 and it looks great. The art is great, but it 0:14:01.520 --> 0:14:04.120 just it sort of has that look. It seems like 0:14:04.200 --> 0:14:07.520 one of the probably the first person who was making 0:14:07.720 --> 0:14:09.559 these cartoons that look like what we have today. 0:14:09.679 --> 0:14:12.200 Right, that's why Gilbert is considered the father of the 0:14:12.240 --> 0:14:15.440 whole thing, that's right, And he came around. I think 0:14:15.480 --> 0:14:18.000 that the plumb Pudding in Danger was the name of 0:14:18.000 --> 0:14:19.360 the one we were just talking about. That was in 0:14:19.400 --> 0:14:23.040 eighteen and oh five. And at the same time, magazines 0:14:23.080 --> 0:14:27.480 started being established and founded around this time that were 0:14:27.520 --> 0:14:32.200 dedicated to satire. So the form, the art form of 0:14:32.240 --> 0:14:37.160 political cartoons and political satirical magazines came together at the 0:14:37.320 --> 0:14:40.200 very beginning of the nineteenth century, not just in Britain 0:14:40.240 --> 0:14:45.120 but France. Turns out, France is basically the spears point 0:14:45.520 --> 0:14:49.320 of satire. Yeah, did not know that, but that's it's 0:14:49.360 --> 0:14:49.800 the truth. 0:14:49.840 --> 0:14:53.520 Everybody I remember when the Charlie Hebdos stuff came out, 0:14:53.520 --> 0:14:55.400 and we're going to talk about that toward in the 0:14:55.480 --> 0:14:59.200 act three here, But that's when I sort of learned, like, how, 0:14:59.480 --> 0:15:02.400 you know Stute and on point their satire had been 0:15:02.440 --> 0:15:05.120 for a long long time. I didn't know that previously, right, Yeah, 0:15:05.240 --> 0:15:07.200 that doesn't seem most very French thing, but I don't know, 0:15:07.240 --> 0:15:07.720 maybe it is. 0:15:08.240 --> 0:15:10.880 I didn't either. But there was a guy from the 0:15:11.000 --> 0:15:17.240 early nineteenth century I think named Honore Domier, and Domier 0:15:18.400 --> 0:15:21.040 actually got in trouble. I think he actually went to 0:15:21.120 --> 0:15:25.480 prison for his political cartoons. 0:15:25.560 --> 0:15:25.720 Right. 0:15:26.440 --> 0:15:29.360 Yeah. In the eighteen thirties, they the French government sort 0:15:29.360 --> 0:15:32.720 of relaxed their laws against censorship and so he had 0:15:32.760 --> 0:15:36.720 a little bit more leeway I guess to operate, and 0:15:37.120 --> 0:15:39.680 initially in eighteen thirty one he was threatened with a 0:15:39.880 --> 0:15:43.960 six thousand franc fine in eighteen thirty one. That's I 0:15:43.960 --> 0:15:45.240 don't know what the conversion. 0:15:44.880 --> 0:15:46.080 Is, but that's got to be a lot of dough 0:15:46.600 --> 0:15:49.720 forty five thousand US dollars today, which you think it'd 0:15:49.760 --> 0:15:52.160 be way more. But that's what did you really do that? 0:15:53.040 --> 0:15:58.880 I found a Swedish currency converter, historic currency converter. 0:15:58.920 --> 0:16:04.400 So inflation and currency conversions. Yes, amazing, and that's why 0:16:04.400 --> 0:16:05.160 you're Josh Clark. 0:16:06.360 --> 0:16:08.440 I didn't make this extra money. I just used it. 0:16:10.000 --> 0:16:12.440 Six thousand franc fine. He drew a caricature of King 0:16:13.080 --> 0:16:17.480 Louis Philippe with a pair for a head, and then 0:16:17.760 --> 0:16:19.880 when he was threatened with his fine, he put out 0:16:19.880 --> 0:16:23.800 a possibly one of the first or the first multipanel cartoon, 0:16:24.560 --> 0:16:30.240 a four panel cartoon showing the metamorphosis from this king, 0:16:30.640 --> 0:16:33.960 going like, he's the king as a caricature, and now 0:16:33.960 --> 0:16:36.040 he looks a little more like a pair, a little 0:16:36.040 --> 0:16:37.480 more like a pair, and then he just has a 0:16:37.480 --> 0:16:38.400 pair for a head. 0:16:38.720 --> 0:16:41.840 Yeah. And the whole point was, come on, like, the 0:16:41.920 --> 0:16:45.160 guy looks like a pair, and it's ridiculous that you 0:16:45.200 --> 0:16:47.320 would try to find me six thousand dollars for pointing 0:16:47.360 --> 0:16:50.800 out something so obvious. Yeah, And I guess he avoided 0:16:50.960 --> 0:16:55.920 that fine at the time, but afterward he's like, Okay, 0:16:55.960 --> 0:16:58.240 I really need to get in trouble, so I'm going 0:16:58.280 --> 0:17:03.240 to create one called Argantua. And this one was way 0:17:03.240 --> 0:17:05.879 worse than saying the king looks like he has a 0:17:05.920 --> 0:17:09.840 pair for a head. This was the king Giant like 0:17:10.600 --> 0:17:14.240 gorging himself on taxes that were being fed directly to 0:17:14.320 --> 0:17:17.520 him by the poor people. He's sitting on his throne 0:17:17.560 --> 0:17:22.680 and then he's pooping out like tax breaks and special 0:17:22.720 --> 0:17:26.640 treatment for the wealthy friends of his, And that one 0:17:26.720 --> 0:17:27.560 got him in trouble. 0:17:28.040 --> 0:17:30.679 Yeah, it's a good cartoons, Like it's a ramp from 0:17:30.720 --> 0:17:33.119 the ground straight up to this giant's mouth with people 0:17:33.160 --> 0:17:35.280 in their wheelbears, just like walking up and getting in 0:17:35.320 --> 0:17:38.920 his mouth and being pooped out as spoils. 0:17:39.240 --> 0:17:42.320 It's a great, great piece of art too, Yeah, not 0:17:42.400 --> 0:17:46.359 just the political version of a political aspect. It's beautiful 0:17:46.560 --> 0:17:47.960 as far as art goes. 0:17:48.359 --> 0:17:51.480 But that got him six months in the Huscal, but 0:17:51.520 --> 0:17:55.000 they let him out and he started working again. King 0:17:55.160 --> 0:17:58.159 Philippe was asked about this, and you know, kind of like, 0:17:58.200 --> 0:18:00.520 why are you cracking down on this? But can have 0:18:00.640 --> 0:18:03.399 a pamphlet printed with words that are very critical of you, 0:18:03.960 --> 0:18:06.280 And he said, a pamphlet is no more than a 0:18:06.359 --> 0:18:10.120 violation of opinion. A caricature amounts to an act of violence. 0:18:11.320 --> 0:18:13.600 You started out with almost a French accent there for 0:18:13.640 --> 0:18:14.480 a second, and then. 0:18:14.520 --> 0:18:16.960 I debated it. Then I came back, and then it 0:18:16.960 --> 0:18:18.800 was British for a hot second, and then it was 0:18:18.960 --> 0:18:21.520 just regal general regal. 0:18:21.960 --> 0:18:27.560 Yeah, it really did evolve that quickly too, that failed. So, yeah, 0:18:27.640 --> 0:18:30.480 King Louis Philippe put his finger on something that that 0:18:30.720 --> 0:18:34.639 there's something special or something different about a political cartoon 0:18:34.680 --> 0:18:38.760 that is way different than say a news article or 0:18:38.760 --> 0:18:42.000 even a photograph. You know, you can make the point 0:18:42.080 --> 0:18:45.359 the news article for centuries and centuries could only be 0:18:45.440 --> 0:18:48.520 read by a select number of people. Everybody could get 0:18:48.520 --> 0:18:51.280 a political cartoon. But there's something more than that too. 0:18:51.320 --> 0:18:55.120 There's there's just something about a political cartoon that people 0:18:55.160 --> 0:18:58.520 who've been taken down by political cartoons have been able 0:18:58.520 --> 0:19:01.359 to put their finger on and say, there's this is 0:19:01.400 --> 0:19:04.959 way worse than just writing about me for some reason. 0:19:05.359 --> 0:19:08.840 Yeah, I think that tracks too, even to like, if 0:19:08.880 --> 0:19:12.919 you think about, in like high school, if a teacher 0:19:12.960 --> 0:19:16.200 caught you writing like a note to your friend that said, 0:19:16.440 --> 0:19:20.160 you know, mister Clark is such a jerk. I think 0:19:20.160 --> 0:19:22.760 that would be taken different than if someone drew a 0:19:22.760 --> 0:19:26.840 picture of mister Clark like bit over being paddled by 0:19:27.000 --> 0:19:30.560 a line of students or something. You know, Uh, don't 0:19:30.600 --> 0:19:32.439 you think would it be equal? 0:19:33.040 --> 0:19:35.760 No, it would it'd be equal unless you put like 0:19:35.800 --> 0:19:38.760 stink lines coming off of me and would be really hautful. 0:19:39.680 --> 0:19:42.119 Oh man, stink lines. It was the first person to 0:19:42.119 --> 0:19:43.040 do the stink lines. 0:19:43.160 --> 0:19:45.800 I don't know. I'll bet it was a political cartoonist too. 0:19:45.880 --> 0:19:46.560 What's that great? 0:19:47.400 --> 0:19:48.240 Should we take a break? 0:19:48.280 --> 0:19:49.800 Yeah, let's take a break and we'll come back and 0:19:49.840 --> 0:19:52.639 talk about one of the more famous political cartoonists of 0:19:52.640 --> 0:19:54.720 all time, Thomas nast. 0:20:07.600 --> 0:20:10.399 Lately, I've been learning some stuff. 0:20:10.320 --> 0:20:14.280 About insomnia or aluminia. 0:20:14.960 --> 0:20:19.840 How about the one on border like disorder that at 0:20:19.880 --> 0:20:20.560 birth order? 0:20:21.480 --> 0:20:25.040 That one be warm, but it was so nice I 0:20:25.320 --> 0:20:29.280 learned this. Why except for body, listen. 0:20:29.080 --> 0:20:33.240 Up, stop. 0:20:34.640 --> 0:20:39.160 Stop stop stop. 0:20:40.920 --> 0:20:44.919 All right, we're back, Josh promised. Talk of Thomas Nast. Uh. 0:20:45.119 --> 0:20:49.640 He's the most famous American political cartoonist, probably very influential 0:20:50.680 --> 0:20:53.800 cartoonist of the nineteenth century. And that's you know, early 0:20:53.840 --> 0:20:56.840 on you were like, what what was going on back then? Well, 0:20:56.880 --> 0:20:58.880 the Civil War was going on back then, and he 0:20:59.320 --> 0:21:03.800 was a German immigrant who drew for Harper's Weekly when 0:21:04.040 --> 0:21:07.720 Harper's Weekly was really growing in their readership with a 0:21:07.720 --> 0:21:10.399 lot of pro union political cartoons. 0:21:10.840 --> 0:21:14.800 Yeah, there was one I think kind of tracks with 0:21:14.840 --> 0:21:17.159 what you were saying. It's not at all funny, but 0:21:17.240 --> 0:21:22.160 it's super poignant, right, called Compromise with the South. The 0:21:22.200 --> 0:21:25.800 Democrats had run on a platform that the Civil War 0:21:25.840 --> 0:21:27.480 had been a failure up to this point for the 0:21:27.520 --> 0:21:30.680 eighteen sixty four election when Lincoln was standing for reelection, 0:21:31.240 --> 0:21:34.280 and that we should basically work with the South to 0:21:34.320 --> 0:21:37.280 just forget about the Civil War and end this. And 0:21:37.359 --> 0:21:39.920 Thomas Nast didn't like that one bit. So this Compromise 0:21:40.000 --> 0:21:46.960 with the South image shows an amputee Union soldier standing 0:21:47.000 --> 0:21:50.240 on a crutch, shaking hands with his head bowed, shaking 0:21:50.240 --> 0:21:56.040 hands with a triumphant Confederate officer who's Jefferson Davis. Is 0:21:56.040 --> 0:21:59.680 it Jefferson Davis. He's got like his boot standing one 0:21:59.680 --> 0:22:05.240 foot on a Union soldier's grave, and Colombia, who represents 0:22:05.320 --> 0:22:08.200 the United States, is weeping at that grave. And then, 0:22:08.240 --> 0:22:12.000 also poignantly, there's a Union soldier, an African American Union 0:22:12.080 --> 0:22:14.800 soldier and his wife who are now on the Southern 0:22:14.880 --> 0:22:19.320 side and they're shackled back to being slaves. 0:22:19.400 --> 0:22:21.320 So it's a gut punch man, it is. 0:22:22.520 --> 0:22:25.280 It's a really good example of a political cartoon that 0:22:25.359 --> 0:22:28.880 isn't funny but really gets the point across. And apparently 0:22:28.920 --> 0:22:33.160 it had a huge impact on America, especially the Union, right. 0:22:33.840 --> 0:22:35.920 Yeah, I mean some people say that had a lot 0:22:35.960 --> 0:22:39.560 to do with Lincoln getting re elected. Lincoln referred to 0:22:39.600 --> 0:22:42.840 Thomas Nast at one point as our best recruiting agent, 0:22:43.520 --> 0:22:48.119 and in the eighteen sixty eight election, Ulysses S. Grant 0:22:48.680 --> 0:22:51.960 credited his win to the sword of Sheridan and the 0:22:52.000 --> 0:22:52.879 pencil of Nast. 0:22:53.240 --> 0:22:53.440 Yeah. 0:22:54.240 --> 0:22:57.639 I had never heard of Colombia, but you'll see in 0:22:57.680 --> 0:23:00.639 a lot of these political cartoons, Colombia as a presentation 0:23:00.760 --> 0:23:04.080 of America was used a lot. And I think this 0:23:04.200 --> 0:23:05.399 is just a guess. I didn't look it up, but 0:23:05.440 --> 0:23:07.920 it seems like Lady Liberty's Statue of Liberty has sort 0:23:07.920 --> 0:23:12.000 of replaced Columbia as far as the cartoon ship goes, 0:23:12.040 --> 0:23:15.280 because anytime there's like a sort of one of the 0:23:15.359 --> 0:23:18.440