1 00:00:01,840 --> 00:00:05,320 Speaker 1: Welcome to Stuff you should know from How Stuff Works 2 00:00:05,320 --> 00:00:15,120 Speaker 1: dot com. Hey, and welcome to the podcast. I'm Josh Clark, 3 00:00:15,640 --> 00:00:19,439 Speaker 1: There's Charles W Chuck Bryant, and there's no al over there. 4 00:00:19,520 --> 00:00:22,759 Speaker 1: So this is stuff you should know. Sure, everyone is 5 00:00:22,920 --> 00:00:26,000 Speaker 1: wondering if Jerry has been kidnapped. She has been, and 6 00:00:26,040 --> 00:00:28,720 Speaker 1: we are refusing to pay the ran. It's only like 7 00:00:28,720 --> 00:00:31,840 Speaker 1: twenty bucks, but I don't know. They sent her finger 8 00:00:32,159 --> 00:00:35,159 Speaker 1: and we said we need more proof. You know why 9 00:00:35,200 --> 00:00:37,480 Speaker 1: we won't send the twenty bucks because we don't negotiate 10 00:00:37,560 --> 00:00:42,080 Speaker 1: with kidnappers. No, it's just good policy. Jerry probably understands. 11 00:00:43,760 --> 00:00:46,720 Speaker 1: Who'd you think? I don't know that finger they sent 12 00:00:46,880 --> 00:00:50,040 Speaker 1: was pointed in our direction. I know that well, Jerry, 13 00:00:50,280 --> 00:00:52,199 Speaker 1: from all of us here at How Stuff Works, we 14 00:00:52,320 --> 00:00:54,960 Speaker 1: miss you and we wish you'd the best of luck. 15 00:00:57,400 --> 00:01:01,840 Speaker 1: That breeding too holds up so Chuck, yes, you were 16 00:01:02,200 --> 00:01:04,600 Speaker 1: correcting me. I think we should get this out on 17 00:01:04,680 --> 00:01:09,680 Speaker 1: the air as well. Vestigial organs. You have to say 18 00:01:09,720 --> 00:01:14,640 Speaker 1: it like you're all like you're eating a meat ball. Vestigial. Yeah, sure, 19 00:01:15,080 --> 00:01:22,720 Speaker 1: well you so you're saying it's vestigial. It's not vestigile. No, vestigialstial. 20 00:01:23,000 --> 00:01:28,839 Speaker 1: I'm a vestigial fan, alrighty, and you're the correct fan. 21 00:01:29,880 --> 00:01:33,800 Speaker 1: I'm not a fan of either. I just for once 22 00:01:34,319 --> 00:01:37,280 Speaker 1: looked up the pronunciation of something. So how are you 23 00:01:37,319 --> 00:01:42,160 Speaker 1: feeling about vestigial organs? Are you liking it? Uh? Yeah, 24 00:01:42,240 --> 00:01:44,759 Speaker 1: I mean I thought it was good. Organs is a 25 00:01:44,760 --> 00:01:47,240 Speaker 1: little misleading. It should be just be like body parts, 26 00:01:47,280 --> 00:01:51,960 Speaker 1: I think, yeah, vestigial parts. It can also be traits behaviors. Yeah, 27 00:01:52,000 --> 00:01:56,400 Speaker 1: you know, like what about what's like the go to 28 00:01:56,560 --> 00:02:01,160 Speaker 1: vestigial trait? Oh, the palmer grass brief X. Yeah, it's 29 00:02:01,160 --> 00:02:04,120 Speaker 1: a great one. Yeah, that's one of the first things 30 00:02:04,160 --> 00:02:07,080 Speaker 1: they test on a baby. Yeah, it says a lot 31 00:02:07,080 --> 00:02:08,920 Speaker 1: about the baby. It's like, can you hold onto my 32 00:02:08,960 --> 00:02:13,320 Speaker 1: fingers and lift your little body? Yeah, So we just 33 00:02:13,360 --> 00:02:16,800 Speaker 1: go ahead and say human babies are born with the 34 00:02:16,840 --> 00:02:20,400 Speaker 1: ability where if there if the palm of their hand 35 00:02:21,040 --> 00:02:24,079 Speaker 1: is um stimulated, you know, you like, tell it a 36 00:02:24,160 --> 00:02:27,320 Speaker 1: joke or give it some candy or something like that. Um, 37 00:02:27,600 --> 00:02:32,080 Speaker 1: the baby will grasp onto the finger just reflexively, and 38 00:02:32,120 --> 00:02:34,720 Speaker 1: the baby grasps so hard, and we're talking like newboards. 39 00:02:35,080 --> 00:02:39,239 Speaker 1: The baby grasps with enough strength that it can you 40 00:02:39,240 --> 00:02:41,720 Speaker 1: you could pick the baby up with your finger and 41 00:02:41,840 --> 00:02:45,720 Speaker 1: it'll dangle from your hand and look very cute. Of babies, 42 00:02:45,760 --> 00:02:48,480 Speaker 1: I think they said. So that doesn't make any sense. 43 00:02:48,480 --> 00:02:50,800 Speaker 1: Why would a baby be able to do that? So 44 00:02:50,880 --> 00:02:54,079 Speaker 1: they can hang on to your furry coat as you 45 00:02:54,400 --> 00:02:57,880 Speaker 1: run through the jungle. That's the uh, that is the 46 00:02:57,919 --> 00:03:03,560 Speaker 1: predominant answer amongst science. Yeah, and uh, Ruby grabs my 47 00:03:03,639 --> 00:03:06,799 Speaker 1: beard like it's rope. Yeah, I remember you saying that, 48 00:03:06,919 --> 00:03:10,680 Speaker 1: and pulls herself up my chest, so it's like it's 49 00:03:10,720 --> 00:03:14,240 Speaker 1: like a little animal. Yeah. Apparently have you ever tickled 50 00:03:14,280 --> 00:03:18,280 Speaker 1: her feet? Because they grasped with those two had leg 51 00:03:18,360 --> 00:03:21,679 Speaker 1: hair pinched by little feet. Man already, boy, having a 52 00:03:21,800 --> 00:03:25,880 Speaker 1: kid sounds like a lot of fun. That's right. Your beard, 53 00:03:25,960 --> 00:03:30,040 Speaker 1: your leg hair getting climbed on. It's all worth it those, 54 00:03:30,040 --> 00:03:33,360 Speaker 1: isn't it. I don't know. We'll see good for you, chucker. 55 00:03:33,400 --> 00:03:36,120 Speaker 1: I'll let you know in eighteen years. So uh so, 56 00:03:36,360 --> 00:03:39,720 Speaker 1: um uh what is that called again? The palmer grass 57 00:03:39,760 --> 00:03:42,760 Speaker 1: reflects and the one that's also from the feet. That's 58 00:03:42,800 --> 00:03:45,840 Speaker 1: a vestigial trait. It's something that used to serve a 59 00:03:45,920 --> 00:03:50,800 Speaker 1: purpose further back on our ancestral line. It still serves 60 00:03:50,800 --> 00:03:56,160 Speaker 1: a purpose in things like um primates, higher apes, UM, 61 00:03:56,240 --> 00:03:59,160 Speaker 1: but it doesn't in humans anymore. The thing about it, though, 62 00:03:59,640 --> 00:04:03,960 Speaker 1: is that the whole idea of vestigial organs, vestigial body parts, 63 00:04:03,960 --> 00:04:08,640 Speaker 1: of vestigial traits is gives a tremendous amount of credence. 64 00:04:08,640 --> 00:04:11,320 Speaker 1: In fact, it's one of like the the main points 65 00:04:11,360 --> 00:04:14,720 Speaker 1: of the theory of evolution that we have these traits 66 00:04:14,800 --> 00:04:19,360 Speaker 1: left over because if you trace our ancestry back far enough, um, 67 00:04:19,520 --> 00:04:22,960 Speaker 1: chimps and we had a common ancestor. Yeah, And if 68 00:04:23,000 --> 00:04:25,400 Speaker 1: you trace it back even further, snakes and we had 69 00:04:25,440 --> 00:04:28,120 Speaker 1: a common ancestor and so on and so on. These 70 00:04:28,120 --> 00:04:32,720 Speaker 1: are just remnants from that distant past when we needed things, 71 00:04:33,520 --> 00:04:38,120 Speaker 1: uh like uh, a tailbone to support a tail sure, 72 00:04:38,279 --> 00:04:40,239 Speaker 1: or you know, to be able to grasp your mom's 73 00:04:40,279 --> 00:04:42,920 Speaker 1: for the moment you're you're born basically so you can 74 00:04:42,960 --> 00:04:47,120 Speaker 1: hang on. And there's a couple of different definitions to UM. 75 00:04:47,560 --> 00:04:49,679 Speaker 1: If you asked Darwin, he will say that it doesn't 76 00:04:49,720 --> 00:04:52,159 Speaker 1: necessarily mean that it has no function now. It just 77 00:04:52,240 --> 00:04:55,719 Speaker 1: means that it doesn't have served the original purpose that 78 00:04:55,800 --> 00:04:58,960 Speaker 1: it once did. And that's a huge point because UM 79 00:04:59,279 --> 00:05:07,560 Speaker 1: vestigial organs is a flashpoint between creationists and scientists. Yeah, huge, man, 80 00:05:07,640 --> 00:05:09,919 Speaker 1: I had no idea, but it's like a it's like 81 00:05:09,960 --> 00:05:14,360 Speaker 1: a battlefield, but in that in that battle between creationism 82 00:05:14,400 --> 00:05:17,960 Speaker 1: and science. Yeah, I looked that up about the conflict 83 00:05:18,000 --> 00:05:22,839 Speaker 1: of religion in the vestigial organs and uh, at least 84 00:05:22,880 --> 00:05:26,120 Speaker 1: some of the sites I went to said that we're 85 00:05:26,120 --> 00:05:30,720 Speaker 1: fine with vestigial organs and we think that after God 86 00:05:30,800 --> 00:05:33,800 Speaker 1: created Adam and Eve that they may have changed over 87 00:05:33,839 --> 00:05:36,240 Speaker 1: the years. So I didn't run into that at all. Yeah. 88 00:05:36,279 --> 00:05:38,640 Speaker 1: I saw a bunch of sites that said that that 89 00:05:38,680 --> 00:05:41,520 Speaker 1: they can co exist basically and said that we agree 90 00:05:41,520 --> 00:05:44,039 Speaker 1: there could be a loss of genetic information over the years, 91 00:05:44,640 --> 00:05:48,480 Speaker 1: or that Adam and Eve uh were created and changed 92 00:05:48,560 --> 00:05:52,360 Speaker 1: as well, but it was just all God's work hand. Yeah, 93 00:05:52,440 --> 00:05:55,960 Speaker 1: which I mean the scientists would be like, no, still disagree, 94 00:05:56,080 --> 00:05:59,919 Speaker 1: but I like the way you're thinking. Generally, the sites 95 00:06:00,040 --> 00:06:03,159 Speaker 1: I ran into were just like, no, evolution is flat 96 00:06:03,160 --> 00:06:05,680 Speaker 1: out wrong. I think one of them said that, um, 97 00:06:05,800 --> 00:06:09,559 Speaker 1: and there is no such thing as a vestigial vestigial organ. 98 00:06:10,000 --> 00:06:12,440 Speaker 1: The very fact that you're saying that there are vestigial 99 00:06:12,560 --> 00:06:17,920 Speaker 1: organs because of evolution begs the question and you like, 100 00:06:18,080 --> 00:06:22,000 Speaker 1: the whole idea is that we don't understand what these 101 00:06:22,080 --> 00:06:26,599 Speaker 1: organs are for, not that they're useless. God wouldn't put 102 00:06:26,640 --> 00:06:33,640 Speaker 1: anything useless in the human body, right and science? Um 103 00:06:33,680 --> 00:06:37,880 Speaker 1: does face palm. Yeah, well so it I mean, it 104 00:06:37,920 --> 00:06:40,960 Speaker 1: goes on and on. It's not they're not neither sides 105 00:06:41,200 --> 00:06:45,040 Speaker 1: winning this. But I was very um, I was. I 106 00:06:45,080 --> 00:06:48,520 Speaker 1: was surprised to find that this was a like, you know, 107 00:06:48,720 --> 00:06:53,120 Speaker 1: you just kind of stumble onto a social war or 108 00:06:53,160 --> 00:06:57,920 Speaker 1: a battle of the or I knew that that war 109 00:06:58,040 --> 00:06:59,600 Speaker 1: was being waged, but I didn't realize that this is 110 00:06:59,640 --> 00:07:01,119 Speaker 1: one of the I don't field. It was just really 111 00:07:01,120 --> 00:07:04,920 Speaker 1: interesting to me. But you mentioned Darwin Man, Yeah, he 112 00:07:05,000 --> 00:07:08,400 Speaker 1: was not the first person to point out vestigial organs. No, 113 00:07:08,560 --> 00:07:11,200 Speaker 1: and we should point people to our Charles Darwin episode 114 00:07:11,240 --> 00:07:16,960 Speaker 1: that in the Natural Selection is what we did and 115 00:07:17,000 --> 00:07:19,520 Speaker 1: those I am very proud of those two because he 116 00:07:19,560 --> 00:07:21,720 Speaker 1: was a fascinating guy. Whether or not you agree with 117 00:07:21,800 --> 00:07:25,200 Speaker 1: us all that science science junk. You may also want 118 00:07:25,200 --> 00:07:27,240 Speaker 1: to go listen to our Enlightenment episode. It kind of 119 00:07:27,280 --> 00:07:29,880 Speaker 1: ties in. Yeah, agreed, So, like you said, he was 120 00:07:29,920 --> 00:07:32,920 Speaker 1: not in the first dude, Um, there was another guy 121 00:07:32,960 --> 00:07:38,880 Speaker 1: in name Robert Vida Scheim, who said he had a 122 00:07:38,880 --> 00:07:42,320 Speaker 1: big list, running list going that had up to ninety 123 00:07:42,400 --> 00:07:46,480 Speaker 1: parts that he claimed were vestigil and a lot of 124 00:07:46,520 --> 00:07:48,760 Speaker 1: those were proved not to be, and even some of 125 00:07:48,800 --> 00:07:50,760 Speaker 1: the ones. You might as well go ahead and talk 126 00:07:50,760 --> 00:07:54,800 Speaker 1: about the appendix a little bit, because everyone for a 127 00:07:54,840 --> 00:07:57,800 Speaker 1: long time said, we don't need the appendix. It does 128 00:07:57,920 --> 00:08:00,920 Speaker 1: nothing in our bodies. We can just take it out 129 00:08:01,080 --> 00:08:05,680 Speaker 1: and suffer no ill consequences. Yeah. So the idea is, well, 130 00:08:05,720 --> 00:08:08,680 Speaker 1: if you can take it out and not die, then 131 00:08:08,720 --> 00:08:11,280 Speaker 1: what's the point. Yeah, then it's vestigial. And I write 132 00:08:11,320 --> 00:08:13,080 Speaker 1: an article and you're like, you kind of have to 133 00:08:13,120 --> 00:08:15,600 Speaker 1: be careful saying stuff like that, because I can cut 134 00:08:15,640 --> 00:08:18,200 Speaker 1: my leg off and not die. But I still could 135 00:08:18,200 --> 00:08:21,760 Speaker 1: have used it, sure, you know, and with the appendix. 136 00:08:21,840 --> 00:08:25,840 Speaker 1: For for many years, like you said, after successful appendectomy, 137 00:08:25,920 --> 00:08:31,000 Speaker 1: after successful appendectomy, um, there were there was this predominant 138 00:08:31,080 --> 00:08:33,560 Speaker 1: idea that it was just this useless organ. One of 139 00:08:33,600 --> 00:08:37,840 Speaker 1: the reasons why um it was officially labeled vestigial right 140 00:08:37,840 --> 00:08:40,040 Speaker 1: out of the gate is because you can find it 141 00:08:40,120 --> 00:08:42,880 Speaker 1: elsewhere in the animal kingdom, which is another big part 142 00:08:42,880 --> 00:08:46,600 Speaker 1: of the definition of a vestigial organ. Is functioning organ 143 00:08:47,120 --> 00:08:49,839 Speaker 1: in the animal kingdom. Correct, Yeah, so you you can 144 00:08:49,920 --> 00:08:53,040 Speaker 1: find the same thing elsewhere in the animal kingdom, and 145 00:08:53,120 --> 00:08:56,840 Speaker 1: it it's it performs a more robust function. So with 146 00:08:56,920 --> 00:09:01,640 Speaker 1: the appendix, in particular for animals that have of a 147 00:09:01,040 --> 00:09:04,760 Speaker 1: m diet high in fiber, this serves as an extra 148 00:09:04,840 --> 00:09:08,000 Speaker 1: like digestive tract or an extra part of the digestive 149 00:09:08,040 --> 00:09:12,440 Speaker 1: tract um in humans that has no role in digestion whatsoever. 150 00:09:12,720 --> 00:09:17,439 Speaker 1: So scientifically speaking, it's lost its original purpose. Yeah, which 151 00:09:17,600 --> 00:09:21,240 Speaker 1: people long thought when we used to be plant eating. Uh, 152 00:09:21,360 --> 00:09:24,520 Speaker 1: for the most part, plant eating people's that that's what 153 00:09:24,679 --> 00:09:28,400 Speaker 1: the appendix aided in digestion and cellulose when you ate 154 00:09:28,400 --> 00:09:31,400 Speaker 1: a lot of plants. But now we don't eat plants, 155 00:09:31,400 --> 00:09:32,920 Speaker 1: so we don't need it. So it's just a little 156 00:09:33,440 --> 00:09:38,440 Speaker 1: a little sad sack. It is pretty sad looking compared 157 00:09:38,480 --> 00:09:43,000 Speaker 1: to compared to a chimp's mighty appendix. This is uh, 158 00:09:43,120 --> 00:09:45,880 Speaker 1: this is sad. But chuck, they have found and this 159 00:09:45,920 --> 00:09:48,400 Speaker 1: is pretty much the story for almost all of us. 160 00:09:48,440 --> 00:09:52,760 Speaker 1: To Jill Organs, there's really only two that remain where 161 00:09:52,760 --> 00:09:56,640 Speaker 1: we're just like, we have no idea what these do. Yeah, um, 162 00:09:56,760 --> 00:09:59,480 Speaker 1: but but with the appendix. We've come to find that 163 00:10:00,400 --> 00:10:06,400 Speaker 1: either it performed this role simultaneously to um chewing cud 164 00:10:06,520 --> 00:10:10,400 Speaker 1: for us, or it evolved to perform this role, so 165 00:10:10,440 --> 00:10:12,880 Speaker 1: it's not totally useless. It's like, don't cut me out, 166 00:10:12,920 --> 00:10:16,040 Speaker 1: and I'm I'm doing something. But it's a store for 167 00:10:16,160 --> 00:10:20,360 Speaker 1: um beneficial bacteria. Yeah, it's basically a reserve in case 168 00:10:20,440 --> 00:10:23,840 Speaker 1: you get really sick with diarrhea or some other gut 169 00:10:23,880 --> 00:10:27,480 Speaker 1: infection and and it vacates all that good bacteria. Then 170 00:10:27,520 --> 00:10:30,640 Speaker 1: you have this appendix waiting in the wings to say, hey, 171 00:10:30,679 --> 00:10:34,560 Speaker 1: I've got this, I'll reboot your system. Stand by, I'm 172 00:10:34,600 --> 00:10:40,120 Speaker 1: gonna spit them up right, and it's spits bacteria into 173 00:10:40,160 --> 00:10:42,440 Speaker 1: your gut. But they say, because we have medicines that 174 00:10:42,520 --> 00:10:44,480 Speaker 1: take care of all that stuff, that we never need 175 00:10:44,480 --> 00:10:48,800 Speaker 1: the appendix, right, because we have medicine now to do 176 00:10:48,880 --> 00:10:51,520 Speaker 1: that perform that same function essentially. Yeah, and I mean 177 00:10:51,559 --> 00:10:55,240 Speaker 1: that that makes a that's a pretty pro Western medicine 178 00:10:56,120 --> 00:11:00,199 Speaker 1: concept though, Like if you um, if you take a 179 00:11:00,200 --> 00:11:03,200 Speaker 1: bunch of antibiotics, you're probably going to be able to 180 00:11:03,280 --> 00:11:06,760 Speaker 1: use your appendix to repopulate the floora in your gut, 181 00:11:07,240 --> 00:11:09,480 Speaker 1: you know what I mean? Because antibiotics go through and 182 00:11:09,520 --> 00:11:13,200 Speaker 1: they just like laid a waste all bacteria beneficial or otherwise. 183 00:11:13,240 --> 00:11:16,560 Speaker 1: And you know, so after a round of antibiotics, if 184 00:11:16,559 --> 00:11:19,800 Speaker 1: your appendix is functioning, and you should probably be able 185 00:11:20,040 --> 00:11:23,319 Speaker 1: theoretically to recover better than if you've had your appendix removed. 186 00:11:23,320 --> 00:11:26,280 Speaker 1: So we mayn't even know that our appendix is functioning. No, 187 00:11:26,440 --> 00:11:30,120 Speaker 1: but Molly Edmonds comes up with an evil genius idea, 188 00:11:30,280 --> 00:11:32,640 Speaker 1: and she doesn't know vertly say that we should try it, 189 00:11:32,679 --> 00:11:35,480 Speaker 1: but she suggests that at the end, the only way 190 00:11:35,520 --> 00:11:37,880 Speaker 1: to really tell if we need an appendix is to 191 00:11:37,920 --> 00:11:42,160 Speaker 1: start taking them out of people in um, the undeveloped world, 192 00:11:42,760 --> 00:11:44,880 Speaker 1: who have less access to the same health care that 193 00:11:44,960 --> 00:11:47,959 Speaker 1: we have. I think what she meant was study people 194 00:11:48,040 --> 00:11:52,720 Speaker 1: who have had appendectomies, not necessarily like just bring people in, 195 00:11:53,679 --> 00:11:59,120 Speaker 1: like what happens, and if they have an appendicitis. I'm 196 00:11:59,360 --> 00:12:03,040 Speaker 1: hopefully that's a pretty routine procedure and that it can 197 00:12:03,080 --> 00:12:06,280 Speaker 1: be removed. But that's another thing that people argue, like, no, 198 00:12:06,480 --> 00:12:09,040 Speaker 1: this thing is useless. Not only not only does it 199 00:12:09,120 --> 00:12:13,679 Speaker 1: not chew cud for us any longer, um, it can 200 00:12:13,800 --> 00:12:17,319 Speaker 1: become really infected and kill you and so we should 201 00:12:17,360 --> 00:12:20,080 Speaker 1: just take appendixes out. That was the predominant thought. And 202 00:12:20,120 --> 00:12:25,480 Speaker 1: I think that you're kind of slowing it down lately. Yeah, like, uh, well, 203 00:12:25,520 --> 00:12:27,240 Speaker 1: we should talk about wisdom teeth. I was just about 204 00:12:27,280 --> 00:12:29,240 Speaker 1: to bring those up. You want to take a break first, 205 00:12:29,840 --> 00:12:32,440 Speaker 1: or you want to keep coming with wisdom teeth? Break? 206 00:12:35,280 --> 00:12:55,720 Speaker 1: Stop you stop? Stop you alright? So I teased everyone 207 00:12:55,760 --> 00:13:01,440 Speaker 1: with wisdom teeth. Ah, there was have heard Duck Dennis say, 208 00:13:01,520 --> 00:13:04,400 Speaker 1: you know, you should just always take out your wisdom teeth, 209 00:13:04,559 --> 00:13:07,319 Speaker 1: and others say, well know if your mouth has enough room, 210 00:13:07,480 --> 00:13:10,360 Speaker 1: like not everyone needs their wisdom teeth outright. But this 211 00:13:10,440 --> 00:13:12,560 Speaker 1: goes back to the evolution as well, Like we needed 212 00:13:12,600 --> 00:13:15,520 Speaker 1: back when we ate roots and tuberds and plants and 213 00:13:15,520 --> 00:13:17,760 Speaker 1: we had bigger jaws, we had room for those teeth 214 00:13:17,800 --> 00:13:20,439 Speaker 1: and we needed them. See that. To me, wisdom teeth 215 00:13:20,480 --> 00:13:25,520 Speaker 1: are the definitive evidence of vestigial organs as as support 216 00:13:25,640 --> 00:13:31,160 Speaker 1: for the theory of evolution, because our jaws don't they're 217 00:13:31,200 --> 00:13:35,080 Speaker 1: not shaped like they were before because our diet has changed, 218 00:13:35,280 --> 00:13:38,440 Speaker 1: our skulls have changed shape, and so there's not room 219 00:13:38,520 --> 00:13:40,840 Speaker 1: for that third moler that there used to be room for, 220 00:13:41,000 --> 00:13:43,160 Speaker 1: which is why it grows in all messed up a 221 00:13:43,280 --> 00:13:46,160 Speaker 1: k A impacted. Yeah, we needed uh once we started 222 00:13:46,200 --> 00:13:50,520 Speaker 1: cooking food and vegetables and making them soft, unless you're 223 00:13:50,600 --> 00:13:54,360 Speaker 1: on the Paleo diet and you eat raw edgies. Yes, 224 00:13:54,480 --> 00:13:56,920 Speaker 1: but if you're rich and you're on the paleod diet, 225 00:13:56,920 --> 00:13:59,680 Speaker 1: you probably pay for somebody to chew them up first, 226 00:13:59,679 --> 00:14:03,040 Speaker 1: since at them in your mouth. That's what rich people 227 00:14:03,040 --> 00:14:08,439 Speaker 1: on paleot so. Uh. Yeah, so now we don't need 228 00:14:08,480 --> 00:14:12,160 Speaker 1: those those teeth, and so clearly that's an example of 229 00:14:12,200 --> 00:14:15,800 Speaker 1: a vestigial body parts. Correct. But yes, but not only 230 00:14:15,800 --> 00:14:19,000 Speaker 1: do we not need them, there's no room for them 231 00:14:19,000 --> 00:14:21,800 Speaker 1: in most people's jaws. I just think, like, there you go, 232 00:14:21,960 --> 00:14:24,640 Speaker 1: that's it. Drop drop the mic right there. Yeah, we 233 00:14:24,800 --> 00:14:27,320 Speaker 1: talked about this before, but I had might not know. Sixteen. 234 00:14:27,440 --> 00:14:32,400 Speaker 1: I think they're seventeen. How old are you? Like, Yeah, 235 00:14:32,520 --> 00:14:34,720 Speaker 1: I feel like it's usually in that range. Whenever I 236 00:14:34,760 --> 00:14:37,480 Speaker 1: hear about someone that's older that has their wisdom teeth, 237 00:14:37,520 --> 00:14:41,400 Speaker 1: then it just I don't know, it seems like an outlier. Yeah, yeah, 238 00:14:41,400 --> 00:14:43,720 Speaker 1: I think it's about the normal age, like in your 239 00:14:43,760 --> 00:14:46,960 Speaker 1: teen's late teens. Mentally, yeah, kind of like tonsils. I 240 00:14:46,960 --> 00:14:50,040 Speaker 1: don't know many adults who have their tonsils removed. No, 241 00:14:50,120 --> 00:14:52,160 Speaker 1: I'm sure it happens. But then I mean, now that 242 00:14:52,240 --> 00:14:55,080 Speaker 1: you've brought up tonsils, this is a rabbit hole. So 243 00:14:55,160 --> 00:14:58,640 Speaker 1: that's another thing that that um, a lot of people say, 244 00:14:59,080 --> 00:15:01,800 Speaker 1: just go ahead and get room moved. The thing is is, 245 00:15:01,960 --> 00:15:06,040 Speaker 1: if history is taught as anything, just getting vestigial organs 246 00:15:06,040 --> 00:15:08,840 Speaker 1: removed electively is not a good move. Just in case 247 00:15:09,640 --> 00:15:12,200 Speaker 1: if they are getting infected a lot and they threaten 248 00:15:12,400 --> 00:15:15,200 Speaker 1: your health, yeah, you probably should get your tonsils removed. 249 00:15:15,520 --> 00:15:19,880 Speaker 1: But just as wisdom teeth to me are definitive evidence that, um, 250 00:15:20,120 --> 00:15:24,840 Speaker 1: we've evolved and have vestigial organs, so to our tonsils, 251 00:15:24,880 --> 00:15:29,760 Speaker 1: because no one has any real idea why we have tonsils, 252 00:15:29,800 --> 00:15:32,480 Speaker 1: and as a matter of fact, they can harm our health. Yeah, 253 00:15:32,520 --> 00:15:35,320 Speaker 1: this one article you since says they are supposedly the 254 00:15:35,320 --> 00:15:38,880 Speaker 1: first line of defense against inhaled pathogens. That's the best 255 00:15:38,960 --> 00:15:43,040 Speaker 1: they can come up with. I like it, Yeah, I guess, 256 00:15:43,040 --> 00:15:45,280 Speaker 1: but that's a pretty weak system. I mean, like there's 257 00:15:45,280 --> 00:15:49,000 Speaker 1: this kind of it rings the edges. I mean, it's 258 00:15:49,000 --> 00:15:51,240 Speaker 1: not even like a net. No, we should be able, 259 00:15:51,240 --> 00:15:54,720 Speaker 1: we should evolve a net, you know, a throat net, 260 00:15:54,720 --> 00:15:56,880 Speaker 1: a throat net that falls to the side when we 261 00:15:56,920 --> 00:16:01,080 Speaker 1: need like food to go through, but when we're just breathing, Like, yeah, 262 00:16:01,720 --> 00:16:04,600 Speaker 1: if you're dieting, you can have the throat net shut 263 00:16:05,000 --> 00:16:08,000 Speaker 1: and everything will just bounce back up. Yeah, that'd be great. 264 00:16:08,040 --> 00:16:10,760 Speaker 1: It's a great idea. They're uh, you know, chewing up 265 00:16:10,760 --> 00:16:12,720 Speaker 1: food and spitting it out as a weight loss method 266 00:16:12,760 --> 00:16:16,400 Speaker 1: is dangerous, but some people think that, Hey it makes sense. Man, 267 00:16:16,440 --> 00:16:20,160 Speaker 1: I just want to taste it. Uh what else? Oh, 268 00:16:20,200 --> 00:16:22,520 Speaker 1: I like the goose bumps. That's a good one. Yeah, 269 00:16:22,560 --> 00:16:24,600 Speaker 1: that's one of my favores too, because when you get 270 00:16:24,640 --> 00:16:27,600 Speaker 1: scared or chili, you'll get you'll see the goose bumps. 271 00:16:27,600 --> 00:16:30,920 Speaker 1: What are they called the erector peli. Goose bumps is 272 00:16:30,920 --> 00:16:33,280 Speaker 1: so much more fun. Well, the erector peli are the 273 00:16:33,480 --> 00:16:35,560 Speaker 1: muscles that give you goose bumps. It's kind of like 274 00:16:35,600 --> 00:16:39,680 Speaker 1: the Marines Awajima raising the flag. These muscles do that 275 00:16:39,720 --> 00:16:43,600 Speaker 1: to your hair follicles, right, and you get goosebumps. Yeah, 276 00:16:43,640 --> 00:16:47,560 Speaker 1: and that is left over from when we wanted to uh, 277 00:16:47,680 --> 00:16:50,360 Speaker 1: we're animals and we wanted to appear larger. We could 278 00:16:50,360 --> 00:16:54,160 Speaker 1: puff up our fur in defense or to hold in 279 00:16:54,840 --> 00:16:56,960 Speaker 1: to keep yourself warm. You know, the air gets trapped 280 00:16:56,960 --> 00:16:58,880 Speaker 1: in between the hair when it stands up. And if 281 00:16:58,880 --> 00:17:00,720 Speaker 1: you think about it, when you have a adrenaline running 282 00:17:00,720 --> 00:17:04,680 Speaker 1: through your veins and you're scared or you're you've got 283 00:17:04,680 --> 00:17:08,080 Speaker 1: the fight or flight thing going on, you can get goosebumps. 284 00:17:08,359 --> 00:17:11,680 Speaker 1: Same thing with when you're cold, get goosebumps left over 285 00:17:11,760 --> 00:17:15,400 Speaker 1: from when we have for I never get goosebumps, really well, 286 00:17:15,440 --> 00:17:17,240 Speaker 1: I'm never cold. The only time I get him is 287 00:17:17,280 --> 00:17:21,200 Speaker 1: when I like a I get the creepy sugar you know. Um, 288 00:17:21,240 --> 00:17:24,479 Speaker 1: and that doesn't happen much either. That's because the horror 289 00:17:24,480 --> 00:17:30,119 Speaker 1: movie industry is just really stinks. Man. No more goose bumps. 290 00:17:30,160 --> 00:17:33,040 Speaker 1: I'm working my way through that list that the Grabster 291 00:17:33,200 --> 00:17:35,800 Speaker 1: prepared for us. So nice of him. You've been on 292 00:17:35,800 --> 00:17:39,440 Speaker 1: a horror kick? Yeah, have you seen pre October horror kick? 293 00:17:39,480 --> 00:17:41,920 Speaker 1: Even Yeah, right when it started to get a little 294 00:17:42,240 --> 00:17:45,359 Speaker 1: even slightly cool, you got a blankie out and you 295 00:17:45,400 --> 00:17:48,400 Speaker 1: and you may snuggle up and watch horror movies. That's great. Um, 296 00:17:48,640 --> 00:17:51,400 Speaker 1: Emily won't watch him at all, which is very disappointing. Well, yeah, 297 00:17:51,400 --> 00:17:53,480 Speaker 1: I mean you it will be in the room. But 298 00:17:53,920 --> 00:17:57,800 Speaker 1: like she's like not paying that much attention, and I'm like, 299 00:17:57,800 --> 00:18:01,400 Speaker 1: why are you watching? But um, I saw a Pontypool 300 00:18:01,440 --> 00:18:05,080 Speaker 1: on the grabster's recommendation has a very good creative movie. 301 00:18:05,200 --> 00:18:06,840 Speaker 1: Have you seen it? No, so I haven't seen that one. 302 00:18:06,920 --> 00:18:09,320 Speaker 1: It's on Netflix, and I don't think it's ever been 303 00:18:09,359 --> 00:18:11,440 Speaker 1: off Netflix in the history of Netflix. I think it's 304 00:18:11,440 --> 00:18:14,000 Speaker 1: always been there. See. The problem is because Emily doesn't 305 00:18:14,000 --> 00:18:17,080 Speaker 1: watch him in then I'm saying, well, I'd like to 306 00:18:17,080 --> 00:18:20,399 Speaker 1: spend a couple of hours alone tonight with Ponty Pool, 307 00:18:20,560 --> 00:18:24,040 Speaker 1: which happens enough with sports, so horror in there, and 308 00:18:24,480 --> 00:18:26,160 Speaker 1: all of a sudden, what's the point of being married? 309 00:18:26,600 --> 00:18:31,720 Speaker 1: You know? I think that's that's that's good if you chuck, 310 00:18:31,760 --> 00:18:34,720 Speaker 1: that's upstanding choosing your wife over horror movies. Yeah, I'll 311 00:18:34,720 --> 00:18:40,800 Speaker 1: watch Nashville. Actually that's not true. You won't watch Nashville. No, 312 00:18:40,840 --> 00:18:42,399 Speaker 1: I'll be in the room when it's on. But again, 313 00:18:42,440 --> 00:18:46,800 Speaker 1: I'm not watching. I've never seen it. Am I missing it? No? 314 00:18:47,000 --> 00:18:50,199 Speaker 1: Even she's like it's so terrible, but still watches it. 315 00:18:50,200 --> 00:18:53,840 Speaker 1: It's one of those why do people do the things 316 00:18:53,840 --> 00:18:56,239 Speaker 1: they do? You know? Speaking of tangents like the one 317 00:18:56,280 --> 00:19:00,560 Speaker 1: we're on now I listened to our pez episode. It 318 00:19:00,680 --> 00:19:04,560 Speaker 1: is tangent city. Yeah, I mean even as far as 319 00:19:04,560 --> 00:19:07,600 Speaker 1: our normal stuff goes, it is tangential. We could call 320 00:19:07,680 --> 00:19:15,000 Speaker 1: our tangents vestigial material. Yeah, serves a purpose kind of 321 00:19:15,240 --> 00:19:19,119 Speaker 1: some some people like it, some people hate it, hate it. Uh. 322 00:19:19,240 --> 00:19:22,560 Speaker 1: So we brought up the tailbone earlier. Um, the cock 323 00:19:22,760 --> 00:19:26,960 Speaker 1: is it coxas I thought it was cossacks. Cossacks, I'll 324 00:19:26,960 --> 00:19:30,080 Speaker 1: go with that. Um, that is not the same thing 325 00:19:30,280 --> 00:19:32,480 Speaker 1: as when you were born with a tiny little tail 326 00:19:32,520 --> 00:19:37,080 Speaker 1: bump that can happen, but that's an atavism. Yeah, Um, 327 00:19:37,119 --> 00:19:40,800 Speaker 1: not the same thing as the cocksack. Cossacks. Well, it's 328 00:19:40,840 --> 00:19:43,440 Speaker 1: attached to the cossacks. So the cossacks is itself a 329 00:19:43,560 --> 00:19:46,439 Speaker 1: vestigial thing, right, Yeah, Like we don't need that bone, 330 00:19:46,480 --> 00:19:49,359 Speaker 1: and those bones are found in other animals that have tails, 331 00:19:49,400 --> 00:19:51,840 Speaker 1: and it's where the muscles connect to to control the 332 00:19:51,840 --> 00:19:54,360 Speaker 1: tail and everything. Right, Yeah, so we don't need that. 333 00:19:54,800 --> 00:19:57,120 Speaker 1: But then some people are even born with with an 334 00:19:57,119 --> 00:19:59,760 Speaker 1: actual tail. And then, like you said, that's an ad 335 00:19:59,760 --> 00:20:03,280 Speaker 1: of his, which is a relic that appears once in 336 00:20:03,320 --> 00:20:06,560 Speaker 1: a while rather than in most people. But that's the 337 00:20:06,600 --> 00:20:08,800 Speaker 1: only difference isn't it. I think so, And I was 338 00:20:08,960 --> 00:20:11,399 Speaker 1: gonna say we should do an episode on that, but 339 00:20:11,520 --> 00:20:13,440 Speaker 1: I looked at our article and I don't know, there's 340 00:20:13,480 --> 00:20:15,320 Speaker 1: not a lot to it. So there you go. We 341 00:20:15,400 --> 00:20:19,280 Speaker 1: just did atavism, I guess so. But with the cossacks, um, 342 00:20:19,359 --> 00:20:21,439 Speaker 1: some folks think that there is in fact a reason 343 00:20:22,359 --> 00:20:26,159 Speaker 1: that it. Kind of the best I could see is 344 00:20:26,200 --> 00:20:29,600 Speaker 1: that it acts like as the holder of things in 345 00:20:29,640 --> 00:20:33,200 Speaker 1: that area, kind of cinches everything up, like the anus 346 00:20:34,200 --> 00:20:38,879 Speaker 1: and other organs in that area. Is that right? Um? Yeah, Yeah, 347 00:20:39,800 --> 00:20:42,159 Speaker 1: that's that's the best they could come up with. But 348 00:20:42,440 --> 00:20:46,760 Speaker 1: they've removed cossacks from people before, and you know, the 349 00:20:46,800 --> 00:20:49,320 Speaker 1: anus didn't pro lapse or anything like that from what 350 00:20:49,359 --> 00:20:55,800 Speaker 1: I understand. Yet, they're just taking time. That's a horror 351 00:20:55,800 --> 00:21:00,760 Speaker 1: movie waiting to happen. I have never seen, or at 352 00:21:00,800 --> 00:21:05,960 Speaker 1: least I've never noticed Darwin's point on someone's ear. It's 353 00:21:06,000 --> 00:21:09,960 Speaker 1: a no. I know what they are, but I've never 354 00:21:10,000 --> 00:21:15,439 Speaker 1: noticed that anyone had one. Yeah, but that's not the 355 00:21:15,480 --> 00:21:18,679 Speaker 1: ones I've seen online. Is is a literal extra bump 356 00:21:19,200 --> 00:21:23,040 Speaker 1: that looks like an elf mine's going downward. Yeah, the 357 00:21:23,040 --> 00:21:25,560 Speaker 1: ones I've seen on the outside online I've never seen 358 00:21:25,560 --> 00:21:27,560 Speaker 1: in real life, is what I'm saying. So it's called 359 00:21:27,560 --> 00:21:30,280 Speaker 1: the Darwin's point, right, And they're just saying like it's 360 00:21:30,480 --> 00:21:32,760 Speaker 1: left over from when our ears used to be bigger 361 00:21:32,800 --> 00:21:36,240 Speaker 1: and weird. Yeah, like when we had to listen out 362 00:21:36,280 --> 00:21:38,720 Speaker 1: for stuff. Yeah, ears a weird period. If you really 363 00:21:38,720 --> 00:21:42,560 Speaker 1: look at them, I think supposedly people who can wiggle 364 00:21:42,560 --> 00:21:46,680 Speaker 1: their ears that's a sign of less evolution. That's your forehead, 365 00:21:47,520 --> 00:21:50,239 Speaker 1: my ears. My ears are wriggling too, No, just your 366 00:21:50,280 --> 00:21:58,119 Speaker 1: four Well, your forehead's wiggling too. I really can't wiggle 367 00:21:58,160 --> 00:22:00,320 Speaker 1: my ears really well. I must be tired because I 368 00:22:00,320 --> 00:22:02,719 Speaker 1: can do them like one at a time and do 369 00:22:02,760 --> 00:22:05,240 Speaker 1: the Star Spangled banner to it. Can you raise both 370 00:22:05,240 --> 00:22:10,120 Speaker 1: eyebrows individually? Oh that's pretty good. I can also rule 371 00:22:10,160 --> 00:22:12,199 Speaker 1: my tongue. Can you do this? Yeah? I can do 372 00:22:12,240 --> 00:22:14,399 Speaker 1: the clover too, but I can't. I can't do I 373 00:22:14,440 --> 00:22:18,399 Speaker 1: can't raise my left eyebrow by itself, which is weird. 374 00:22:19,200 --> 00:22:20,800 Speaker 1: You can do your right now. You just look very 375 00:22:20,800 --> 00:22:24,119 Speaker 1: suspicious of me, right, I don't believe you, but your eyebrow. 376 00:22:24,880 --> 00:22:27,720 Speaker 1: I wish you guys could all see this. Oh yeah, 377 00:22:27,920 --> 00:22:32,159 Speaker 1: it's scintillating. Also, with the ear. There are there there 378 00:22:32,160 --> 00:22:34,479 Speaker 1: are muscles in the ear that uh, we say we 379 00:22:34,520 --> 00:22:37,240 Speaker 1: don't need anymore because we don't need to move them 380 00:22:37,240 --> 00:22:41,960 Speaker 1: to locate things like, uh, like a satellite dish. That's why. 381 00:22:42,160 --> 00:22:44,760 Speaker 1: That's why if you like not everybody can wiggle their ears, 382 00:22:44,760 --> 00:22:47,359 Speaker 1: and people who can have an atavistic trait, which is 383 00:22:47,400 --> 00:22:50,360 Speaker 1: that muscle group is still left over. Yeah, And there's 384 00:22:50,400 --> 00:22:52,760 Speaker 1: a lot of different muscle groups that pop up um 385 00:22:52,880 --> 00:22:56,800 Speaker 1: as far as vestigial organs go. Um, there's one called 386 00:22:56,800 --> 00:23:00,600 Speaker 1: the subclavius muscle, which is up here in your chest 387 00:23:01,080 --> 00:23:05,280 Speaker 1: around your upper arms and chest um. And that's supposedly 388 00:23:05,359 --> 00:23:07,560 Speaker 1: left over from when we could walk on all fours 389 00:23:07,640 --> 00:23:09,639 Speaker 1: or mostly walked on all fours. Now some people have 390 00:23:09,720 --> 00:23:11,800 Speaker 1: it and some don't. Is it something you can see 391 00:23:11,880 --> 00:23:13,840 Speaker 1: or is it give you the ability to, like, you know, 392 00:23:13,840 --> 00:23:18,680 Speaker 1: how muscle dudes bounce their pecks. I'm sure the ones 393 00:23:18,720 --> 00:23:23,199 Speaker 1: with subclavio muscles are aces that that's so gross. There's um, 394 00:23:24,119 --> 00:23:27,959 Speaker 1: there's a pal mayris and a plant harris um muscle 395 00:23:28,160 --> 00:23:31,720 Speaker 1: that we don't need anymore. So much so that if 396 00:23:31,760 --> 00:23:34,680 Speaker 1: you are having some sort of muscle or tendon surgery, 397 00:23:34,960 --> 00:23:37,920 Speaker 1: the doctor will go in and harvest those for use 398 00:23:37,960 --> 00:23:40,360 Speaker 1: elsewhere in your body. So you can like move your 399 00:23:40,359 --> 00:23:45,480 Speaker 1: forehead like Reuben Kincaid and in the Partridge family, remember him, 400 00:23:45,520 --> 00:23:48,439 Speaker 1: he could like separate his forehead from his hair. What 401 00:23:48,480 --> 00:23:50,280 Speaker 1: was it? Just a trick he did? Yeah, I don't 402 00:23:50,280 --> 00:23:52,960 Speaker 1: remember that. It was his thing. The guy couldn't act, 403 00:23:53,040 --> 00:23:55,679 Speaker 1: He wasn't an actor. He could just basically move his 404 00:23:55,760 --> 00:23:58,800 Speaker 1: hair from where where it was normally too, like halfway 405 00:23:58,800 --> 00:24:01,720 Speaker 1: back his head, um on his head with his own 406 00:24:01,800 --> 00:24:05,560 Speaker 1: just muscle, or with his hands with his muscles. See. 407 00:24:05,560 --> 00:24:08,440 Speaker 1: I worked at the job, a commercial job with with 408 00:24:08,560 --> 00:24:13,960 Speaker 1: punch from chips once and um, yeah, he did a 409 00:24:13,960 --> 00:24:16,160 Speaker 1: trick where he did it with his hands, but it 410 00:24:16,200 --> 00:24:20,560 Speaker 1: was so like it looked like it was a two pay. Yeah. 411 00:24:20,640 --> 00:24:22,199 Speaker 1: The way he could move it with his hands, it 412 00:24:22,280 --> 00:24:24,200 Speaker 1: was really like imagine if you could do that without 413 00:24:24,320 --> 00:24:27,840 Speaker 1: his hands. Yeah, that's what Ruben Kincaid could do. I 414 00:24:27,880 --> 00:24:29,520 Speaker 1: got a great picture of him acting like he was 415 00:24:29,600 --> 00:24:32,439 Speaker 1: arresting me. He had like put me up against the 416 00:24:32,440 --> 00:24:35,920 Speaker 1: police car and had a hand behind my back. Yeah, 417 00:24:35,960 --> 00:24:38,320 Speaker 1: he's a nice guy. He sounds like he's still loved 418 00:24:38,320 --> 00:24:40,439 Speaker 1: being punched too. Man. I gotta tell you, well, I 419 00:24:40,440 --> 00:24:42,640 Speaker 1: mean like that was it for him. Yeah, But like 420 00:24:42,800 --> 00:24:45,200 Speaker 1: the other guy, John was in his trailer the whole 421 00:24:45,240 --> 00:24:47,800 Speaker 1: time for the most part. What were you doing? It 422 00:24:47,880 --> 00:24:52,800 Speaker 1: was Chips had that um that reboot TV movie, like 423 00:24:53,040 --> 00:24:56,560 Speaker 1: I don't know, probably fifteen or sixteen years ago, and 424 00:24:56,720 --> 00:24:59,920 Speaker 1: they did a promo for the movie that I were 425 00:25:00,320 --> 00:25:04,040 Speaker 1: on in the art department. Um, and John stayed in 426 00:25:04,040 --> 00:25:06,879 Speaker 1: his trailer and punch was all about like the ladies 427 00:25:06,920 --> 00:25:09,639 Speaker 1: in the neighborhood. He was like hanging out, let's go. 428 00:25:09,720 --> 00:25:13,280 Speaker 1: Let's Yeah. He still got a lot out of it, 429 00:25:13,280 --> 00:25:16,120 Speaker 1: you could tell, which is good for him, you know. Alright, 430 00:25:16,160 --> 00:25:18,440 Speaker 1: let's take a break. Okay, we'll talk about some more 431 00:25:18,600 --> 00:25:44,120 Speaker 1: vestigil organs. All Right, we're back. What else you got, Oh, 432 00:25:44,160 --> 00:25:46,280 Speaker 1: we can keep going. So, Um, I've found a couple 433 00:25:46,320 --> 00:25:48,840 Speaker 1: of articles. One was from I O nine that was 434 00:25:48,840 --> 00:25:54,119 Speaker 1: pretty helpful. Yeah, it's a great website. I found another 435 00:25:54,160 --> 00:25:58,200 Speaker 1: one on Discover magazine. They had even more. Um, there's 436 00:25:58,800 --> 00:26:01,520 Speaker 1: some people have neck ribs. Have you heard of this? 437 00:26:01,960 --> 00:26:04,919 Speaker 1: What neck rib? Talk about a throat net? This is 438 00:26:04,920 --> 00:26:07,680 Speaker 1: like a neck rib. Basically, you've got your highest ribs 439 00:26:07,720 --> 00:26:11,280 Speaker 1: up here. You're clavical not the mick rib, which I 440 00:26:11,320 --> 00:26:13,479 Speaker 1: think we can all agree because they're less delicious than 441 00:26:13,520 --> 00:26:15,840 Speaker 1: the mic rib. Okay, so if you right here, that's 442 00:26:15,840 --> 00:26:19,000 Speaker 1: your clavical yah, yeah, that's your top rib. People have 443 00:26:19,080 --> 00:26:21,800 Speaker 1: higher ribs. They go into the neck. Yeah, they go 444 00:26:21,920 --> 00:26:26,080 Speaker 1: from your your neckbone and an angle above that, and 445 00:26:26,080 --> 00:26:27,880 Speaker 1: those are called neck ribs. And they think that that's 446 00:26:27,920 --> 00:26:31,560 Speaker 1: left over from reptilian ancestors. Are those the people that 447 00:26:31,560 --> 00:26:33,840 Speaker 1: have really long necks or does that not matter? I didn't, 448 00:26:33,880 --> 00:26:38,240 Speaker 1: I didn't notice that sinuses. Yeah, that's another one. It's 449 00:26:38,240 --> 00:26:40,840 Speaker 1: like there's no reason for us. Yeah, well they think 450 00:26:40,880 --> 00:26:44,680 Speaker 1: there are reasons. Uh. They enhance our voices. Uh, they 451 00:26:44,680 --> 00:26:47,720 Speaker 1: make our skull not so heavy, and they think that 452 00:26:48,080 --> 00:26:50,640 Speaker 1: One theory is that they help with the mucus help 453 00:26:50,920 --> 00:26:55,160 Speaker 1: humidify the air we breathe in so it's not so dry. However, 454 00:26:56,200 --> 00:26:58,720 Speaker 1: a lot of other people say, I don't know about 455 00:26:58,760 --> 00:27:00,760 Speaker 1: that stuff. We may not need this is at all 456 00:27:00,960 --> 00:27:03,359 Speaker 1: know And they think that if if you look around 457 00:27:03,359 --> 00:27:06,879 Speaker 1: the animal kingdom, sinus has found in other animals, um 458 00:27:07,000 --> 00:27:10,960 Speaker 1: are most useful, and ones that have something called the 459 00:27:11,320 --> 00:27:16,280 Speaker 1: um the merrow nasal organ, which is like a pheromone 460 00:27:16,320 --> 00:27:19,720 Speaker 1: sending organ. We have them, which is another vestigial thing. 461 00:27:20,000 --> 00:27:21,879 Speaker 1: It's in our septums. It's on either side of our 462 00:27:21,920 --> 00:27:25,479 Speaker 1: septum um, but it's not connected to our brain. So 463 00:27:25,560 --> 00:27:29,880 Speaker 1: we can sense pheromones, but we can't actually sense them 464 00:27:30,320 --> 00:27:35,360 Speaker 1: because the vero valmarrow nasal organ that's a tough one 465 00:27:35,400 --> 00:27:39,080 Speaker 1: to say. Um, it's just not it's not connected anymore, 466 00:27:39,119 --> 00:27:41,320 Speaker 1: So how do we sense it? We don't remember that 467 00:27:41,359 --> 00:27:43,239 Speaker 1: one thing we talked about this before, There was like 468 00:27:43,280 --> 00:27:47,719 Speaker 1: that one um that one TV show had people like 469 00:27:47,920 --> 00:27:51,400 Speaker 1: smell shirts of other people and ended up like choosing 470 00:27:51,440 --> 00:27:53,560 Speaker 1: mates based on it, and it turned out those people 471 00:27:53,600 --> 00:27:58,399 Speaker 1: had the most varied immune systems from our own, So 472 00:27:58,920 --> 00:28:02,160 Speaker 1: we would make more us children, right Exactly. The thing 473 00:28:02,280 --> 00:28:04,719 Speaker 1: is is there's we don't have any way as far 474 00:28:04,760 --> 00:28:08,199 Speaker 1: as science knows to actually sense pheromones. We have the 475 00:28:08,280 --> 00:28:10,600 Speaker 1: means to do it, but we can't actually like pull 476 00:28:10,640 --> 00:28:13,680 Speaker 1: the trigger on it, because that that organ isn't connected 477 00:28:13,680 --> 00:28:16,879 Speaker 1: to our brains anymore, but it's located around the scientuses 478 00:28:17,080 --> 00:28:20,400 Speaker 1: and then in other animals, the scinuses um contain muscles 479 00:28:20,440 --> 00:28:24,119 Speaker 1: for moving whiskers and a lot of olfactory receptors for 480 00:28:24,240 --> 00:28:31,520 Speaker 1: sensing smells interesting, but in humans they just get infected up. 481 00:28:32,840 --> 00:28:35,000 Speaker 1: I was thinking if I were a mad scientist of 482 00:28:35,080 --> 00:28:38,120 Speaker 1: like the human centipede ilk, that's probably what I try 483 00:28:38,160 --> 00:28:41,040 Speaker 1: to do. Oh, you wouldn't just put someone's head in 484 00:28:41,080 --> 00:28:43,480 Speaker 1: the person's butt in front of them over and over. Yeah, 485 00:28:43,480 --> 00:28:47,160 Speaker 1: I wouldn't. That seems like a waste of time. I would, Uh, 486 00:28:47,200 --> 00:28:51,200 Speaker 1: I would. I would try to connect the um vomero 487 00:28:51,360 --> 00:28:54,320 Speaker 1: nasal organ to the brain. Yeah, or maybe bring back 488 00:28:54,360 --> 00:28:59,280 Speaker 1: all of the original purposes of our vestigial parts. Okay, 489 00:28:59,320 --> 00:29:01,840 Speaker 1: that's pretty issous. So just one thing at a time, 490 00:29:02,320 --> 00:29:10,440 Speaker 1: all right. Yeah, I would use anesthetic and um, I 491 00:29:10,440 --> 00:29:14,200 Speaker 1: would make sure the pudding cups were top notch for recovery. 492 00:29:14,560 --> 00:29:17,640 Speaker 1: What's the top notch pudding cup consist of? Just a 493 00:29:17,640 --> 00:29:19,800 Speaker 1: good brand? Yeah? You just don't want an off brand, 494 00:29:19,840 --> 00:29:21,600 Speaker 1: you know what I mean? Sure, Like if you haven't 495 00:29:21,640 --> 00:29:24,920 Speaker 1: heard of it, or there's a boy wearing overalls and 496 00:29:24,960 --> 00:29:27,600 Speaker 1: no shoes on the on the label, Yeah, like Uncle 497 00:29:27,680 --> 00:29:32,560 Speaker 1: Dance pudding cups. You don't want that pudding cup? Uh? 498 00:29:32,600 --> 00:29:36,280 Speaker 1: What else do we have in here? Oh? Yeah, here's one. 499 00:29:36,880 --> 00:29:39,840 Speaker 1: What's it called the third eyelid? Yeah, of course, there's 500 00:29:39,880 --> 00:29:45,840 Speaker 1: another name for it, Chuck. It is the um go 501 00:29:45,880 --> 00:29:49,600 Speaker 1: ahead plaka semilunaris. Yeah, I think that's perfect. Actually, so 502 00:29:49,680 --> 00:29:53,280 Speaker 1: you know a little almond. H that's something else. It's 503 00:29:53,320 --> 00:29:56,920 Speaker 1: the thing next to that, right, and this, uh, I 504 00:29:56,960 --> 00:29:59,520 Speaker 1: think was when in your eye we should say it's 505 00:29:59,560 --> 00:30:03,880 Speaker 1: your third eyelid. Yeah, it's it's from reptiles and amphibians 506 00:30:03,880 --> 00:30:06,560 Speaker 1: and birds, and I think i've seen this in lizards 507 00:30:06,560 --> 00:30:08,880 Speaker 1: and things when they have like you know, it's sort 508 00:30:08,880 --> 00:30:11,280 Speaker 1: of it's it's clear, like a membrane that watches over 509 00:30:11,320 --> 00:30:14,120 Speaker 1: their eye and goes back, but it moves horizontally rather 510 00:30:14,400 --> 00:30:16,920 Speaker 1: vertically like our eyelids. So this is a leftover trait 511 00:30:16,960 --> 00:30:19,040 Speaker 1: from when we could do that, because that was probably 512 00:30:19,040 --> 00:30:21,800 Speaker 1: pretty neat to do. Yes, Oh man, can you imagine 513 00:30:21,800 --> 00:30:25,920 Speaker 1: how free if you could do that. So we've got 514 00:30:25,960 --> 00:30:28,240 Speaker 1: the tissue, we just apparently don't have the muscles to 515 00:30:28,280 --> 00:30:30,560 Speaker 1: move it any longer. Did you? Were you one of 516 00:30:30,600 --> 00:30:33,440 Speaker 1: those kids that would turn their upper eyelids inside out? 517 00:30:33,480 --> 00:30:35,320 Speaker 1: I never knew how they did it. I couldn't do 518 00:30:35,360 --> 00:30:39,000 Speaker 1: it either. It was just freak show. Yeah. I always 519 00:30:39,040 --> 00:30:42,880 Speaker 1: admired them deeply for it, but I couldn't do it there. 520 00:30:42,960 --> 00:30:44,760 Speaker 1: It was always just some creepy boy trying to get 521 00:30:44,800 --> 00:30:47,640 Speaker 1: a girl's attention, usually like tap tap her on the shoulder. 522 00:30:47,880 --> 00:30:49,720 Speaker 1: I don't think I ever saw a girl do it, 523 00:30:50,200 --> 00:30:52,240 Speaker 1: of course not. It's always a boy, yeah, because girls 524 00:30:52,240 --> 00:30:55,080 Speaker 1: are smarter. Yeah, but yeah tap brothers fellers. She turned 525 00:30:55,080 --> 00:30:58,840 Speaker 1: around and scream yeah uh and then everybody laugh. But 526 00:30:58,920 --> 00:31:02,240 Speaker 1: then we'd go have uncle dance pudding cups. Because I 527 00:31:02,280 --> 00:31:05,040 Speaker 1: went to public school, we got taken to task for 528 00:31:05,040 --> 00:31:09,240 Speaker 1: for me saying dumb guys and an email that it 529 00:31:09,400 --> 00:31:11,080 Speaker 1: was like, I'm just kind of kidding around, even though 530 00:31:11,120 --> 00:31:14,200 Speaker 1: I do think women are generally smarter and guys do 531 00:31:14,200 --> 00:31:18,000 Speaker 1: a lot of dumb stuff that women don't do. Just relax, 532 00:31:18,640 --> 00:31:20,680 Speaker 1: you know, did someone really need to take up the 533 00:31:20,680 --> 00:31:24,280 Speaker 1: mantle for men? I know it's kind of like men 534 00:31:24,360 --> 00:31:27,800 Speaker 1: have a pretty good here on earth. Agreed. I think 535 00:31:27,800 --> 00:31:30,600 Speaker 1: you can get away with saying dumb guy here there. Agreed. 536 00:31:31,600 --> 00:31:34,320 Speaker 1: All right, Well, there's a couple of more body hair 537 00:31:34,360 --> 00:31:36,200 Speaker 1: in general. I think we did a whole show in that, 538 00:31:36,240 --> 00:31:40,000 Speaker 1: didn't we or did we? I don't remember, Uh, there's 539 00:31:40,120 --> 00:31:41,959 Speaker 1: it seems like it, because didn't we talk about like 540 00:31:42,000 --> 00:31:45,880 Speaker 1: the water Ape theory, I think so well recap it 541 00:31:47,000 --> 00:31:50,040 Speaker 1: the water ap theory. I think there's this idea that 542 00:31:50,120 --> 00:31:53,640 Speaker 1: humans actually um lost their body here because we went 543 00:31:53,680 --> 00:31:56,040 Speaker 1: in the water for a little while after we as 544 00:31:56,080 --> 00:31:59,200 Speaker 1: we were evolving from apes, lost our hair there because 545 00:31:59,240 --> 00:32:01,080 Speaker 1: we didn't need it, and then came out of the water. 546 00:32:01,280 --> 00:32:04,720 Speaker 1: If I'm just totally going from memory, so we won't 547 00:32:04,720 --> 00:32:09,080 Speaker 1: hold you to that, um, but essentially aside from your eyebrows, 548 00:32:09,120 --> 00:32:12,040 Speaker 1: which keep sweat out of your eyes, which is pretty 549 00:32:12,040 --> 00:32:14,120 Speaker 1: good function, and I guess hair on your head which 550 00:32:14,160 --> 00:32:16,480 Speaker 1: will keep your head warm. Um, and the hair and 551 00:32:16,520 --> 00:32:20,320 Speaker 1: your nose you used to it like traps, gnats and yeah, 552 00:32:20,480 --> 00:32:22,440 Speaker 1: juju fruits and whatever is trying to get up there. 553 00:32:22,520 --> 00:32:24,600 Speaker 1: I think generally they're referring to like leg hair and 554 00:32:24,680 --> 00:32:27,040 Speaker 1: back hair and arm hair. There really is no use 555 00:32:27,120 --> 00:32:30,200 Speaker 1: for that any longer. Yeah, but we still have it. Yeah, 556 00:32:30,520 --> 00:32:33,200 Speaker 1: there's no use for back hair, I can assure you. 557 00:32:34,240 --> 00:32:38,280 Speaker 1: I agree, Man, Yeah, kind of stinks, but we still 558 00:32:38,320 --> 00:32:43,440 Speaker 1: have it. It's evolving out. It seems like either that 559 00:32:43,560 --> 00:32:47,080 Speaker 1: are a lot more dudes wax than I realized. Yeah, 560 00:32:47,200 --> 00:32:48,920 Speaker 1: I need I haven't done that in a while. Have 561 00:32:49,000 --> 00:32:51,760 Speaker 1: you done waxing? Before. H Yeah, Emily would get a 562 00:32:51,760 --> 00:32:53,760 Speaker 1: little at home kit. She'll just clean up my neckline 563 00:32:53,760 --> 00:32:56,400 Speaker 1: a little bit. But I don't have a super hairy back. 564 00:32:56,440 --> 00:32:58,560 Speaker 1: It's just sort of up top there. I've never tried 565 00:32:58,600 --> 00:33:03,400 Speaker 1: waxing you. You usually just like uses matches, what burns it? 566 00:33:05,360 --> 00:33:07,840 Speaker 1: I mean that would work, but it's stinky. Yeah, oh yeah, 567 00:33:07,880 --> 00:33:09,600 Speaker 1: and that would stink, so you're like, yeah, we have 568 00:33:09,640 --> 00:33:13,040 Speaker 1: to do it outside. Uh. And then male nipples we 569 00:33:13,120 --> 00:33:16,840 Speaker 1: I know, we did a show on this um and 570 00:33:17,320 --> 00:33:21,840 Speaker 1: it's really pretty simple. We have nipples because women have nipples, 571 00:33:21,880 --> 00:33:25,120 Speaker 1: not for the same function, but because we're made of 572 00:33:25,120 --> 00:33:29,240 Speaker 1: the same uh stew essentially right, exactly, Like there's this 573 00:33:29,640 --> 00:33:35,240 Speaker 1: single um plan or blueprint or whatever for humans, and 574 00:33:35,360 --> 00:33:40,240 Speaker 1: nipples emerged before sex differentiation takes place. So everybody has nipples. 575 00:33:40,320 --> 00:33:44,360 Speaker 1: And I found from researching this there's actually um useless 576 00:33:44,720 --> 00:33:51,080 Speaker 1: tiny ovaries attached to men's um uh prostates. Oh really yes, 577 00:33:51,200 --> 00:33:56,200 Speaker 1: And there's supposedly um the beginnings of little vast deference 578 00:33:56,520 --> 00:34:02,560 Speaker 1: nodules on women's ovaries totally useless. So yeah, sex differentiates. 579 00:34:02,600 --> 00:34:10,000 Speaker 1: So we have ovaries, we have like ovary like overrets. Yeah. Wow, Yeah, 580 00:34:10,040 --> 00:34:12,080 Speaker 1: I had never knew that it's crazy, it's true or 581 00:34:12,080 --> 00:34:15,399 Speaker 1: over retest. Yeah, there you go, that's more appropriate. I think, 582 00:34:16,840 --> 00:34:19,879 Speaker 1: Um well, there are other animals too, I mean it's 583 00:34:19,920 --> 00:34:22,480 Speaker 1: not just humans. Um well, that's another thing. Yeah, that 584 00:34:22,760 --> 00:34:24,960 Speaker 1: an ostrich has wings but they don't fly, same with 585 00:34:25,040 --> 00:34:31,120 Speaker 1: penguins still have the wings. That's true. It's vestigial, but 586 00:34:31,200 --> 00:34:37,160 Speaker 1: this lend's further credence too. Vestigial organs as evidence for evolution. Yeah. 587 00:34:37,200 --> 00:34:40,440 Speaker 1: Or we did our podcast on cave dwellers and some 588 00:34:40,520 --> 00:34:43,400 Speaker 1: of those have non functioning eyes. It's like, why are 589 00:34:43,400 --> 00:34:46,200 Speaker 1: they still there at all? And seriously go listen to 590 00:34:46,280 --> 00:34:48,319 Speaker 1: that one. That was one of my favorites. It's a 591 00:34:48,360 --> 00:34:53,120 Speaker 1: tuck deep in the archives. It's called biospeleology was the 592 00:34:53,640 --> 00:34:55,760 Speaker 1: name for that one. Yeah, I think we did too. 593 00:34:56,800 --> 00:34:59,640 Speaker 1: I think we did one on cave dwellers specifically, even 594 00:35:00,000 --> 00:35:02,439 Speaker 1: and then we do one on caves. Maybe I'll bet 595 00:35:02,520 --> 00:35:06,280 Speaker 1: we did, because you went caving after we did caves, 596 00:35:06,760 --> 00:35:10,080 Speaker 1: So I think we did too. It's really getting tough 597 00:35:10,120 --> 00:35:14,319 Speaker 1: now to remember all these episodes. And then there's another one. 598 00:35:14,360 --> 00:35:19,080 Speaker 1: Two whales and snakes actually have pelvis bones donate them 599 00:35:19,120 --> 00:35:21,839 Speaker 1: because they don't have legs, but at some point they 600 00:35:21,840 --> 00:35:28,520 Speaker 1: may have before um and creationists thanks to uh uh 601 00:35:29,320 --> 00:35:33,040 Speaker 1: paper that came out. It said it was a scientific paper. 602 00:35:33,080 --> 00:35:36,200 Speaker 1: But the guy in in doing interviews with media's like, yeah, 603 00:35:36,200 --> 00:35:39,120 Speaker 1: we're having to totally rethink this, like maybe it's not vestigial. 604 00:35:39,400 --> 00:35:44,360 Speaker 1: They found that it actually enhances and aids and sex. Um. 605 00:35:44,520 --> 00:35:48,279 Speaker 1: But that, I mean that could be a secondary thing. Interesting. Yeah, 606 00:35:48,800 --> 00:35:52,560 Speaker 1: and get this, this is one extra thing that I heard. 607 00:35:53,239 --> 00:35:55,320 Speaker 1: I think it was on Fresh Air. There was a 608 00:35:55,360 --> 00:35:58,440 Speaker 1: woman who wrote a book about dolphins and dolphin research, 609 00:35:58,480 --> 00:36:00,920 Speaker 1: and specifically this researcher who used to take a lot 610 00:36:00,920 --> 00:36:04,320 Speaker 1: of acid with dolphins that he would also give acid 611 00:36:04,360 --> 00:36:07,719 Speaker 1: to and try to teach English language too. He would 612 00:36:07,760 --> 00:36:11,920 Speaker 1: give dolphins LSD. That's not nice. Um, you have to 613 00:36:11,960 --> 00:36:15,440 Speaker 1: hear this thing on on fresh Air. It's mind blowing. 614 00:36:15,800 --> 00:36:24,359 Speaker 1: But the they believe that dolphins evolved from wolves. What Yeah, 615 00:36:24,880 --> 00:36:27,800 Speaker 1: it's kind of like that water ache theory for humans 616 00:36:27,840 --> 00:36:30,200 Speaker 1: that like some wolves just started hanging out in the 617 00:36:30,239 --> 00:36:34,000 Speaker 1: water and eventually evolved into dolphins. Wow. I definitely need 618 00:36:34,040 --> 00:36:37,560 Speaker 1: to hear that. Yeah, that's pretty amazing. Yeah, I'm pretty 619 00:36:37,600 --> 00:36:39,480 Speaker 1: sure that's right. You're there. I blacked out while I 620 00:36:39,520 --> 00:36:42,279 Speaker 1: was listening to it and form that false memory. But 621 00:36:42,320 --> 00:36:47,040 Speaker 1: I'm pretty sure that was in that interview LD somebody 622 00:36:47,080 --> 00:36:55,120 Speaker 1: was on LSD. Yeah. Maybe, Well, if you want to 623 00:36:55,200 --> 00:36:59,680 Speaker 1: learn more about vestigial organs, type that word those words 624 00:36:59,680 --> 00:37:01,799 Speaker 1: into the search bar at how stuff works dot com. 625 00:37:02,120 --> 00:37:04,440 Speaker 1: You don't have anything else, do you know? Uh? And 626 00:37:04,480 --> 00:37:08,600 Speaker 1: since I said search barts, time for listener mail. Uh, no, sir, 627 00:37:08,800 --> 00:37:17,560 Speaker 1: it is time for Facebook questions. So occasionally I will 628 00:37:17,800 --> 00:37:20,880 Speaker 1: have gotten not a lot of great listener mails lately, 629 00:37:21,480 --> 00:37:24,440 Speaker 1: and so we will throw out ask us some questions 630 00:37:24,440 --> 00:37:27,359 Speaker 1: on Facebook. For the next couple of episodes, we're gonna 631 00:37:27,360 --> 00:37:30,920 Speaker 1: read some of these an answer, So pick at your 632 00:37:30,960 --> 00:37:33,719 Speaker 1: own will my friend, I'll go ahead and start with 633 00:37:33,760 --> 00:37:36,640 Speaker 1: Matt Thurman says, would you ever consider live shows in 634 00:37:36,680 --> 00:37:39,759 Speaker 1: the UK? Matt, not only would we consider it, we 635 00:37:40,080 --> 00:37:44,000 Speaker 1: actively want to and we are hoping to at some point. 636 00:37:44,120 --> 00:37:47,040 Speaker 1: So it's not the easiest thing in the world to 637 00:37:47,080 --> 00:37:50,040 Speaker 1: pull off. You know, we have to book a ship 638 00:37:50,120 --> 00:37:54,600 Speaker 1: to sail over there, not a night ship either. It'll 639 00:37:54,600 --> 00:37:57,120 Speaker 1: take a while, but I mean, um, we have a 640 00:37:57,120 --> 00:37:59,480 Speaker 1: pretty good idea that London might be a good talent 641 00:37:59,560 --> 00:38:02,799 Speaker 1: to hold old show in in the UK. But if 642 00:38:02,840 --> 00:38:05,680 Speaker 1: you have a recommendation of other places to do too, 643 00:38:05,800 --> 00:38:08,640 Speaker 1: let us know we're actively looking. I think we could 644 00:38:08,640 --> 00:38:12,400 Speaker 1: get support in London and uh in Ireland and maybe 645 00:38:12,400 --> 00:38:14,880 Speaker 1: even Scotland. So we would like to hear from people 646 00:38:14,920 --> 00:38:18,680 Speaker 1: on that. Okay, I got another one. This one's from 647 00:38:18,719 --> 00:38:22,120 Speaker 1: Avery W. Krouse. What is a controversial topic you haven't 648 00:38:22,160 --> 00:38:26,120 Speaker 1: covered yet that you're a little hesitant to do? What's yours? 649 00:38:26,320 --> 00:38:28,400 Speaker 1: Remember it used to be scientology for both of us, 650 00:38:28,440 --> 00:38:32,000 Speaker 1: and now we're just like it's done. Yeah. Uh for me, 651 00:38:32,080 --> 00:38:34,400 Speaker 1: it's breastfeeding. I really want to do it and we 652 00:38:34,440 --> 00:38:37,600 Speaker 1: will eventually, but we have to like really know what 653 00:38:37,640 --> 00:38:42,280 Speaker 1: we're talking about because it is a horn's nest. Yeah. 654 00:38:42,560 --> 00:38:47,520 Speaker 1: Mine would be uh vaccines, Oh man, I wouldn't want 655 00:38:47,520 --> 00:38:51,279 Speaker 1: to touch that with a tempo pole. Sure, all right? 656 00:38:51,360 --> 00:38:55,680 Speaker 1: I got one from Matthew Matsuto. Keep meaning to write 657 00:38:55,680 --> 00:38:57,200 Speaker 1: you guys and ask whatever happened to the young man 658 00:38:57,239 --> 00:38:59,560 Speaker 1: who was helping come up with ideas for stuff you 659 00:38:59,560 --> 00:39:02,520 Speaker 1: should know? Can't remember his name. That was Sam and 660 00:39:02,680 --> 00:39:06,520 Speaker 1: uh Sam is in college now and we haven't heard 661 00:39:06,560 --> 00:39:10,120 Speaker 1: from Sam. So Sam, if you're listening or Sam's Mom, 662 00:39:10,120 --> 00:39:13,360 Speaker 1: if you're listening, we would love an update. But I 663 00:39:13,640 --> 00:39:17,360 Speaker 1: even wrote letters of recommendation for Sam and he's in school, 664 00:39:17,360 --> 00:39:20,040 Speaker 1: so maybe he's all grows up now and doesn't need 665 00:39:20,120 --> 00:39:23,000 Speaker 1: us anymore. He's fine, we'll see. Remember he was in 666 00:39:23,040 --> 00:39:26,080 Speaker 1: our TV show as well. Yeah, he played at player. 667 00:39:26,120 --> 00:39:29,160 Speaker 1: He's the bat Boy. That's right. That was great. So yeah, 668 00:39:29,160 --> 00:39:31,680 Speaker 1: if you've ever wondered what Sam looked like, and you 669 00:39:31,719 --> 00:39:33,840 Speaker 1: can figure out how to get your hands on the 670 00:39:35,040 --> 00:39:37,439 Speaker 1: what was that one Make It Rain? To Believe? Make 671 00:39:37,440 --> 00:39:40,200 Speaker 1: It Rain? Episode? Check out The bat Boy and you 672 00:39:40,239 --> 00:39:43,200 Speaker 1: will see Sam from the famous Summer of Sam. That 673 00:39:43,320 --> 00:39:45,200 Speaker 1: was the same day the unions shut us down and 674 00:39:45,320 --> 00:39:50,279 Speaker 1: we had to leave for it. Man, what a day. Uh. 675 00:39:50,360 --> 00:39:52,840 Speaker 1: Here's one from Dave malin Chuck. This is a question 676 00:39:52,880 --> 00:39:55,399 Speaker 1: for you. When is Chuck's Beer going to get its 677 00:39:55,400 --> 00:40:01,040 Speaker 1: own podcast? Now? Come on, people like your beard? Yeah 678 00:40:01,080 --> 00:40:03,480 Speaker 1: you want to hear let's hear the Beard's voice at least. 679 00:40:06,520 --> 00:40:12,200 Speaker 1: So okay, it's a bit regurgitating right now, we'll get 680 00:40:12,320 --> 00:40:15,600 Speaker 1: used to that. Dave Mallen. Uh, this is from Mike Uh, 681 00:40:16,640 --> 00:40:19,920 Speaker 1: mikel Duff Mickel Duff. He says, how much do you 682 00:40:19,920 --> 00:40:23,719 Speaker 1: guys personally remember from podcasts you've done. Um, well, I 683 00:40:23,760 --> 00:40:26,640 Speaker 1: think we kind of demonstrate it today, not a lot. No, 684 00:40:27,320 --> 00:40:29,560 Speaker 1: it's really weird because, like they say, the brain is 685 00:40:29,840 --> 00:40:33,440 Speaker 1: has a basically an infinite capacity to remember stuff, but 686 00:40:34,400 --> 00:40:36,560 Speaker 1: like old stuff is getting crammed out as new stuff 687 00:40:36,600 --> 00:40:39,200 Speaker 1: gets pushed in these days, and that's it hasn't always 688 00:40:39,200 --> 00:40:40,800 Speaker 1: been that way. Yeah, it's been that way for like 689 00:40:40,880 --> 00:40:42,960 Speaker 1: a year and a half maybe two year. Yeah. I 690 00:40:43,040 --> 00:40:45,040 Speaker 1: always like to say that I think I remember about 691 00:40:45,040 --> 00:40:47,439 Speaker 1: as much as the average listener might, like a few 692 00:40:47,440 --> 00:40:50,440 Speaker 1: tidbits here and there from each topic. But like anytime 693 00:40:50,480 --> 00:40:52,360 Speaker 1: a hardcore listener comes up to us and wants to 694 00:40:52,400 --> 00:40:54,719 Speaker 1: talk to about something, or even an average listener it 695 00:40:54,840 --> 00:40:58,320 Speaker 1: comes up and just heard something from like two thousand thirteen, 696 00:40:59,160 --> 00:41:03,080 Speaker 1: I'm like, sorry, I have to go back and research again. Yeah, 697 00:41:03,239 --> 00:41:05,279 Speaker 1: and then we'll hold this conversation. But that'd be like 698 00:41:05,320 --> 00:41:07,359 Speaker 1: going up to KNA and being like, remember that joke 699 00:41:07,440 --> 00:41:10,640 Speaker 1: you told him that monologue three years ago. It's just 700 00:41:10,680 --> 00:41:13,120 Speaker 1: not fair, you know. Yeah, he didn't have something funny 701 00:41:13,120 --> 00:41:18,279 Speaker 1: and charming to say instead of, uh, go ahead, your 702 00:41:18,280 --> 00:41:20,160 Speaker 1: next this is a great one. I don't have an 703 00:41:20,160 --> 00:41:22,239 Speaker 1: answer for it. But we're going to get to the 704 00:41:22,239 --> 00:41:25,680 Speaker 1: bottom of this. Is from Brian Geppert. Why do coupons 705 00:41:25,680 --> 00:41:28,960 Speaker 1: have a cash value listed at the bottom smile emoticon? 706 00:41:30,320 --> 00:41:34,360 Speaker 1: Do they? Yeah? It's they're like worth one one hundredth 707 00:41:34,360 --> 00:41:38,200 Speaker 1: of a cent. The actual coupon itself is wow. So 708 00:41:38,200 --> 00:41:41,279 Speaker 1: he could trade that in I guess or stores. Can 709 00:41:42,840 --> 00:41:45,080 Speaker 1: you know what I mean? Interesting? That's probably it, But 710 00:41:45,200 --> 00:41:47,040 Speaker 1: well we'll look into that. You know what I heard 711 00:41:47,080 --> 00:41:48,560 Speaker 1: recently that you know, when you go to the grocery 712 00:41:48,560 --> 00:41:51,000 Speaker 1: store and they'll have a drive to like, hey, would 713 00:41:51,000 --> 00:41:53,920 Speaker 1: you like to donate a dollar or whatever? Not, Supposedly 714 00:41:53,960 --> 00:41:56,359 Speaker 1: they just gather that up as a big massive tax 715 00:41:56,440 --> 00:41:58,839 Speaker 1: right off. Is that true? Yeah? And I mean the 716 00:41:58,840 --> 00:42:01,600 Speaker 1: the charity is going to ultimately get that, but the 717 00:42:01,680 --> 00:42:04,600 Speaker 1: store is getting all the right off and your one 718 00:42:04,640 --> 00:42:08,240 Speaker 1: dollar gets bundled in with not even necessarily that one drive. 719 00:42:08,920 --> 00:42:11,080 Speaker 1: They may bundle it in with other drives, and who 720 00:42:11,120 --> 00:42:13,160 Speaker 1: knows where that dollar is actually going. You should not 721 00:42:13,520 --> 00:42:15,680 Speaker 1: that's pretty sneak. You should not feel bad about saying 722 00:42:15,960 --> 00:42:19,120 Speaker 1: not today when they ask you. But you should also 723 00:42:19,200 --> 00:42:22,520 Speaker 1: take it as an impetus to go donate yourself or 724 00:42:22,600 --> 00:42:24,799 Speaker 1: go do some volunteering or something like that as a 725 00:42:24,840 --> 00:42:28,920 Speaker 1: reminder rather than actually being pressured to giving a dollar 726 00:42:29,000 --> 00:42:31,480 Speaker 1: for that grocery stores tax right off, which is disgusting. 727 00:42:31,520 --> 00:42:33,719 Speaker 1: You to get your name on a balloon piece of 728 00:42:33,719 --> 00:42:38,600 Speaker 1: paper that they shape like a hot air balloon. All right, 729 00:42:38,680 --> 00:42:41,879 Speaker 1: let's do like two more. Uh. This is from Shane 730 00:42:41,880 --> 00:42:43,880 Speaker 1: Elliott when you guys gonna do a blooper real? Shurely, 731 00:42:43,920 --> 00:42:46,799 Speaker 1: Jerry has stored them up in the archives. Uh, my 732 00:42:46,920 --> 00:42:51,040 Speaker 1: friend Jerry about once a season. I don't like telling 733 00:42:51,120 --> 00:42:54,080 Speaker 1: people this, why because they're going to hack in and 734 00:42:54,120 --> 00:42:56,680 Speaker 1: find it. Yeah, Jerry does a blooper real and only 735 00:42:56,719 --> 00:42:59,880 Speaker 1: we can hear it, and you will never ever hear 736 00:43:00,000 --> 00:43:01,920 Speaker 1: although I think we could. We could sell them for 737 00:43:01,960 --> 00:43:05,480 Speaker 1: a dollar apiece and probably get rich. I got the 738 00:43:05,560 --> 00:43:10,680 Speaker 1: last one. This one's from Marco Rippola. Which one of 739 00:43:10,719 --> 00:43:13,000 Speaker 1: you is the Batman and which one is Robin? And 740 00:43:13,080 --> 00:43:17,200 Speaker 1: Marco you've been looking at it all wrong. Yeah, you 741 00:43:17,239 --> 00:43:19,000 Speaker 1: should have asked which one is the Joker and which 742 00:43:19,040 --> 00:43:22,520 Speaker 1: one is the penguin? WHOA Yeah, great answer, and we're 743 00:43:22,520 --> 00:43:26,239 Speaker 1: not going to answer. I love that. I got nothing more. 744 00:43:26,760 --> 00:43:28,759 Speaker 1: If you want to get in touch with us, you 745 00:43:28,800 --> 00:43:31,720 Speaker 1: can post questions any day or night on our Facebook 746 00:43:31,719 --> 00:43:33,920 Speaker 1: page at Facebook dot com slash stuff you Should Know. 747 00:43:34,080 --> 00:43:36,840 Speaker 1: You can tweet to us at s y s K Podcasts. 748 00:43:37,600 --> 00:43:41,759 Speaker 1: You can email us directly at stuff podcast at house 749 00:43:41,800 --> 00:43:44,960 Speaker 1: stuff works dot com, and, as always, join us at 750 00:43:45,040 --> 00:43:48,040 Speaker 1: our super awesome home on the web, Stuff you Should 751 00:43:48,040 --> 00:43:55,319 Speaker 1: Know dot com. For more on this and thousands of 752 00:43:55,320 --> 00:44:06,360 Speaker 1: other topics, how stuff works dot com