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Speaker 1: Welcome to Stuff you should know from house stuff Works

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Speaker 1: dot com. Hey, and welcome to the podcast. I'm Josh

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Speaker 1: Clark with me as always as Charles W. Chuck Bryant,

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Speaker 1: who I assume has two functional kidneys. I do, but

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Speaker 1: I would give one up for your brother. Wow, would

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Speaker 1: you really? Well? Maybe I think I think that through

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Speaker 1: Chuck as a living donor. Maybe not. But if I died,

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Speaker 1: then sure you get thanks. Man. What about your liver,

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Speaker 1: because I'm pretty certain I'm gonna need somebody's livers. I

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Speaker 1: don't know that you would want mine either, to be honest.

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Speaker 1: Oh yeah, yeah, that'd be like getting Mickey Mantle's liver.

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Speaker 1: I need like a we need a virginal liver, don't I? Yeah,

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Speaker 1: so I can just start over again, wash it in vodka.

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Speaker 1: So what are we talking about, Josh? We're talking about

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Speaker 1: organ donation, Chuck perfect, which I find absolutely fascinating. UM.

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Speaker 1: Back in nineteen let me take you back a little

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Speaker 1: bit here, the first successful living human to human organ

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Speaker 1: donation took place. It was a kidney. Yeah, it was

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Speaker 1: a great story. Kidneys actually remained the most commonly donated

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Speaker 1: and UM received organs. But this was actually a couple

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Speaker 1: of twin brothers, one of whom was dying of chronic nephritis. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: Richard and Ronald Herrick. And Richard was the one dying,

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Speaker 1: and Ronald was in good shape right, and Ronald said, well,

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Speaker 1: you know what, you're my twin brother, and I don't

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Speaker 1: really want you to die young, so I'm going to

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Speaker 1: give you one of my kidneys. And um. There have

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Speaker 1: been uh some other transplants before that. They didn't work

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Speaker 1: out though, well some of them did, but it wasn't

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Speaker 1: live human to human um like. For example, the first

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Speaker 1: I think, the first organ, the first donation or transplant

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Speaker 1: that ever took place, was way back in sixteen where

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Speaker 1: they few was part of a dog's skull under a

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Speaker 1: human's head, crazy and that graft worked. H. We have

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Speaker 1: taken testicles from monkeys and successfully in playing them into humans.

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Speaker 1: A pig kidney was successfully transplanted into a human vein transplants, uh,

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Speaker 1: and a lamb kidney was put into a recipient in

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Speaker 1: ninety three and that person lived for nine days. But

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Speaker 1: nineteen fifty four finds the first time a living person

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Speaker 1: donated an oregon to another living person and it was successful.

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Speaker 1: And the reason why they think was because they're twins,

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Speaker 1: there was a very low chance of rejection, right. Yeah.

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Speaker 1: And the story is great because Richard, you know that

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Speaker 1: the dying brother had a moment, a clear moment where

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Speaker 1: he literally, like the day before, said don't do this. Man,

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Speaker 1: get out of here right now. And the brother said, no,

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Speaker 1: I'm gonna give you my kidney like it or not, chump,

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Speaker 1: and he did and it was a great story. Yeah.

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Speaker 1: And they actually both lived to ripe old ages reproduced,

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Speaker 1: so they fulfilled their deskin these humans. And since then, Josh,

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Speaker 1: there have been more than a half a million of

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Speaker 1: these organ transplants performed. Right, We've gotten a lot better

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Speaker 1: at it. Yeah. Um, as I was rambling off that

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Speaker 1: list of stuff that took place before nineteen fifty four,

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Speaker 1: we have gotten exponentially better. Uh. In two thousand three,

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Speaker 1: we successfully transplanted a tongue. YEA, I saw that which

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Speaker 1: I could use A tongue transplanted slightly thinner tongue would

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Speaker 1: would do me a lot better. I think you had

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Speaker 1: a fat tongue. Yeah. And do you remember the um,

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Speaker 1: what do we do the face transplant? Um? That woman

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Speaker 1: actually remember she got her face from a suicide victim

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Speaker 1: that was in two thousand five and in two thousand six,

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Speaker 1: so I know it's coming. A cadaver's penis was transplanted

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Speaker 1: onto a living human. Yeah, and that man gave it back, Yes,

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Speaker 1: and I love The reason they gave was because of

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Speaker 1: it caused psychological problems between the man and his wife,

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Speaker 1: which I can let your imagination run with that one. Yeah, Yeah,

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Speaker 1: that's just UH would say the same thing would happen

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Speaker 1: in my household. So thanks to a better understanding of

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Speaker 1: how the human body works, of blood type, of the

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Speaker 1: development of anti rejection drugs, like Chuck said, we've hit

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Speaker 1: about half a million transplant surgery so far. Right, so

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Speaker 1: Chuck actually is hot and heavy. Uh to to give

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Speaker 1: out a stat and this is a very special stat

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Speaker 1: because it's actually most likely going to change by the

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Speaker 1: end of the podcast. Yes, these are taking away. These

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Speaker 1: are current stats. If you go to the website U

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Speaker 1: n O s dot org, the United Network for Organ Sharing,

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Speaker 1: they actually have up to the minute statistics on who

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Speaker 1: needs what and who's giving what and what operations are

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Speaker 1: being performed. And I didn't realize this, but it's up

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Speaker 1: to the minute because earlier in the day I checked

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Speaker 1: on kidneys, and the number actually dropped by three about

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Speaker 1: an hour later on the waiting list, So three people

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Speaker 1: got kidneys in that like half hour span. So I'm

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Speaker 1: just gonna read a couple now and then we'll check

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Speaker 1: back in for fun in twenty minutes and see if

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Speaker 1: that's changed at all. Okay, I'm gonna write this down

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Speaker 1: to check because we'll never remember it. This is the

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Speaker 1: first time we've ever used a laptop in the studio

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Speaker 1: and a pen usually just us in our mouths. Uh. Total, Josh,

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Speaker 1: we got one oh five hundred and five thousand, two

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Speaker 1: d eight people are waiting for organs, and we'll do

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Speaker 1: kidney because that's the most popular. Eight three thousand and

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Speaker 1: twelve people are waiting for a kidney as of two

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Speaker 1: oh three pm. All right, and we'll check that in

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Speaker 1: twenty minutes and hopefully those numbers have gone down. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: because that will mean that either the people on the

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Speaker 1: waiting list have died or they received a transplant. I

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Speaker 1: guess we could put those two, we could compare against

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Speaker 1: one another, and maker we could surmise for So, Chuck,

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Speaker 1: what are organs? Yeah? I had a feeling you're going

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Speaker 1: to ask me that, Josh, gohad no, okay. Organs are

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Speaker 1: systems of cells, josh and tissues, and they all are

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Speaker 1: in our body for a very specific reason, each one.

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Speaker 1: And what I like about the organs is that they

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Speaker 1: are all over equipped, which is what you're looking for

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Speaker 1: in an organ. You don't want, like the heart to

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Speaker 1: be like boy, if it beats one beat less, you're

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Speaker 1: really screwed. So um, our heart. Actually, a twenty year

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Speaker 1: old's heart beats pumps about ten times more than the

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Speaker 1: amount of blood we need, and uh, we we have

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Speaker 1: this reserve capacity in all of our organs as young

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Speaker 1: lads and lasses. Right. But as Tom Schif, who you

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Speaker 1: know as my bff, who wrote this article, he points

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Speaker 1: out that the corneas, when you talk about eye transplants

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Speaker 1: there they're talking about corneal transplants. Um, they actually don't

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Speaker 1: necessarily deteriorate like all the other organs. Yeah, that's pretty cool. Um,

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Speaker 1: So the corneas of seventy five year old donor are

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Speaker 1: just as good, considering you know, there's not more wear

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Speaker 1: and tear than say a twenty year old. Yeah, you

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Speaker 1: could put a seven year old person's cornea inside of

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Speaker 1: a young person and there would be no difference. Right,

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Speaker 1: But for organs, they deteriorate with age. Well that's the

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Speaker 1: bad news, right, Um, so eventually you may need one,

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Speaker 1: right Well, yeah, because what happens is, let's say one

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Speaker 1: organ can deteriorate while the rest of your body remains

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Speaker 1: pretty healthy. That's actually best case scenario, as weird as

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Speaker 1: that sounds, because that means you can just swap that

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Speaker 1: sucker out and you'll be fine again. Right. Well, that

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Speaker 1: that's in a very ideal, utopian world. That's exactly what happens.

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Speaker 1: The problem is, there is a lot more people in

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Speaker 1: need of organs than there are organs available, right right,

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Speaker 1: there's um a waiting list. Some aren't so bad. I

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Speaker 1: think kidneys go pretty quick, as you're you're talking about earlier.

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Speaker 1: The longest wait I found, um was the old heart

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Speaker 1: lung combo. That median wait time was six point seven years.

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Speaker 1: It's a long time to wait for a heart and

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Speaker 1: a long if you need it. Yeah, a long time

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Speaker 1: because nobody goes I'm probably gonna need a heart and

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Speaker 1: a long combo. Eventually, I'll just put myself on the

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Speaker 1: waiting list. Now you need it, like the moment you

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Speaker 1: go onto that waiting list and you have to wait

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Speaker 1: six point seven years until you get it. Yeah, and

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Speaker 1: that's why. Um, the mortality rate while waiting for a

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Speaker 1: heart is, which is that's not as bad as I

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Speaker 1: would I would like, and um, the liver actually is

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Speaker 1: the worst. Oh good, yeah, sorry, Um. There's two ways

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Speaker 1: you can get organs from a live person or a

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Speaker 1: dead person. Yes, Traditionally we don't take organs like the

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Speaker 1: heart from a live donor because they would be a

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Speaker 1: dead donor. After that, you can take things like, uh,

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Speaker 1: the liver pancreas uncommonly, but it can be done. A

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Speaker 1: portion of the intestine, um, blood, blood, stem cells, bone, marrow, bones,

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Speaker 1: all and bones. Yeah, which giving up a bone that's

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Speaker 1: really something like, I mean, after that you just kind

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Speaker 1: of have this floppy arm, but somebody else has a bone,

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Speaker 1: you know, I mean, that's pretty nice. You Know. What

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Speaker 1: I thought was interesting about the kidney deal, like why

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Speaker 1: you can give up one kidney and still be okay,

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Speaker 1: is that most of the times when your kidneys are affected,

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Speaker 1: they are both affected at the same time, so one's

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Speaker 1: never gonna go down. And you'd be like, oh, I

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Speaker 1: wish I still have my healthy kidneys because they both

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Speaker 1: would have been unhealthy. And uh, all right, I think

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Speaker 1: we've arrived at the liver. Chuck. This is fascinating to me.

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Speaker 1: It is where where should we start? Well, let's just

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Speaker 1: start by saying that the liver can grow. It's like

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Speaker 1: the starfish of oregan. Yeah, it can regenerate itself, which

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Speaker 1: is just freaking amazing. Um. So, for instance, let's say

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Speaker 1: you wanted to split your liver in half and transplant

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Speaker 1: that into two different people. You could do that. You could.

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Speaker 1: And actually, if you're an adult donor, they can cut

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Speaker 1: off a portion, a child sized portion, uh, which is

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Speaker 1: I think the same as like a child sized meal

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Speaker 1: where you get like three chicken nuggets from uh and

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Speaker 1: give it to a kid, and chuck, this is so great.

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Speaker 1: It grows along with the kid right to a full

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Speaker 1: size liver once again, but in step with the kid's maturation. Right,

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Speaker 1: that's just mind boggling. Let's say you needed a piece

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Speaker 1: of your liver. Let's say you needed your liver replace

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Speaker 1: and I cut half of my liver off and gave

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Speaker 1: it to you. My liver would eventually grow to full

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Speaker 1: size once again. Yeah, if I live that long, so

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Speaker 1: mine would grow and yours would grow. And the cool

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Speaker 1: thing is with the liver, you don't even have to

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Speaker 1: take out the old liver. You can just put in

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Speaker 1: the new one. It's like the best organ on the planet.

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Speaker 1: It really is, and our favorite organ because of the

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Speaker 1: function that it serves. So Chuck, like I said, you

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Speaker 1: can neither be a dead donor or a living donor.

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Speaker 1: A dead donor can donate anything, right, including your yeah,

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Speaker 1: and your eyes, um, heart, lung, all that stuff that

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Speaker 1: you can't really take from a living donor. Um. But

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Speaker 1: there are some exceptions. If you have HIV or disease

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Speaker 1: causing bacteria in your blood streamer tissue there and I

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Speaker 1: gonna be taking your organs um. And if you are

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Speaker 1: a practitioner of the Shinto religion, there's not gonna be

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Speaker 1: a lot of organ donation going on there either, right. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: not only that, but if you are Amish, they might

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Speaker 1: support your donation if there is a certainty relative certainty

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Speaker 1: of success, but they're more reluctant if it's uh less

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Speaker 1: probable of success. Right. And Tom actually mentioned why the

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Speaker 1: Gypsies don't agree with organ donation. They believe that, um,

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Speaker 1: you need your body for the first year to get

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Speaker 1: around the afterlife. Apparently after that you got it down

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Speaker 1: pat and you don't really need it any longer. Um.

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Speaker 1: But he didn't mention Shinto, but I looked it up. Uh.

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Speaker 1: They believe that the corps is impure. The body becomes

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Speaker 1: impure after death. So would be like, here, take this

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Speaker 1: rotting piece of flesh that will save your life, but

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Speaker 1: you're going to be impure while you live. Interesting, So,

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Speaker 1: as a result in Japan, uh doing, donation rates are

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Speaker 1: like really really low copared to like the USA. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: and Jehovah's witnessed. We should cover them because we're we

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Speaker 1: always like to talk about them. Uh, they're not opposed

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Speaker 1: to it, but they have one rule which I thought

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Speaker 1: was interesting. You can donate your organ as long as

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Speaker 1: they drain all of the blood out of the organ

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Speaker 1: first before giving to someone else. So I guess they're

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Speaker 1: not big on transfusions. I don't think so that would

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Speaker 1: be my guess. Yeah, okay, Um, how do you register Chuck? Well,

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Speaker 1: it's pretty easy. Actually in most states. You can do

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Speaker 1: it at the d m V, which I always found interesting.

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Speaker 1: You can do it right with there when you're getting

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Speaker 1: your new driver's license, and uh, here in Georgia. Actually,

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Speaker 1: we used to have the one of the highest donor rates,

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Speaker 1: or I should say, one of the most expansive donor

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Speaker 1: registries in the country. And the reason was when you

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Speaker 1: went to go get your driver's licenses. I'm sure you remember, Um,

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Speaker 1: they'd knock seven bucks off of your driver's license. Love that.

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Speaker 1: So you were an idiot if you didn't sign up.

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Speaker 1: The problem is that there's not supposed to be any

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Speaker 1: kind of compensation whatsoever for being Even though this was

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Speaker 1: legal under state law. UM. The Georgia organ Procurement Organization,

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Speaker 1: which we'll talk about a minute, UM, they were very

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Speaker 1: hesitant to draw from the Georgia donor list because they

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Speaker 1: weren't sure if the person was just looking for the

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Speaker 1: seven bucks off or else if they really wanted to

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Speaker 1: be an organ donor. So actually, the contribution rates were

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Speaker 1: very low in comparison of the size of the registry

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Speaker 1: in Georgia until two thousand five when they stopped and

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Speaker 1: they stopped it, I think to actually give you a

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Speaker 1: T shirt too that says I've sold my lungs for

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Speaker 1: seven dollars that's illegal, and all I got was this

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Speaker 1: lousy T shirt. Yeah. No, under a um law. You

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Speaker 1: can't have any valuable compensation for organ procurement. Right. Well,

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Speaker 1: we'll get to that too, the whole black market deal. Okay,

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Speaker 1: So Chuck, if you're a dead donor, how do you donate?

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Speaker 1: There's two ways, right, Uh? Two ways sure, two ways

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Speaker 1: of death, brain death and cardiac death. Yeah, is that

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Speaker 1: what you mean? Obviously, cardiac death is um a little

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Speaker 1: trickier because you only have a certain amount of time

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Speaker 1: to get the organs from the body. Brain death a

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Speaker 1: lot easier in one sense, because um, there could be

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Speaker 1: as you know, weeks to find a match and to

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Speaker 1: prepare the organ for donation and get it carried out.

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Speaker 1: But there's a wrinkle there. Oh, there's a lot of

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Speaker 1: wrinkles there. Let me let me say something about cardiac

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Speaker 1: death first, right, Um this there are there are no

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Speaker 1: laws really governing organ procurement. It's not a case by

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Speaker 1: case basis, and basically everybody involved in the organ procurement

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Speaker 1: process does their best to walk a very cautious line

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Speaker 1: while harvesting organs to try to of other lives, right, yeah,

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Speaker 1: because there's families involved greeting obviously, um, with cardiac death,

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Speaker 1: there was a board I think out of Harvard in

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Speaker 1: the late nineties that established a five minute wait time

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Speaker 1: from the cessation of a heartbeat. Right, So, you you

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Speaker 1: take somebody off the life support, wait for the heart

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Speaker 1: to stop beating. Five minutes after and while this this

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Speaker 1: the heart's winding down, you're prepping the patient for surgery.

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Speaker 1: Five minutes after, Uh, somebody pronounces the person dead and

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Speaker 1: they cut them open and take the organs. But in

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Speaker 1: five minutes, the heart is useless pretty much at that point.

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Speaker 1: Some of the other organs, like the liver, the kidneys,

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Speaker 1: maybe the lungs can survive that five minutes, but the

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Speaker 1: heart's gone. So if you have a cardiac death, you

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Speaker 1: have a useless heart, even though the heart might have

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Speaker 1: been perfectly healthy five minutes ago. Right. So, there was

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Speaker 1: this doctor in Colorado that said, you know what, there's

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Speaker 1: no law whatsoever that says I have to wait five minutes.

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Speaker 1: This guy did a lot of research and found in

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Speaker 1: the medical latter sure the longest duration between the cessation

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Speaker 1: of a heartbeat and the spontaneous regeneration of a heartbeat

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Speaker 1: ever recorded with sixty five seconds. So he started a

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Speaker 1: sixty five second rule. Got the pants suit off of him.

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Speaker 1: It was an unsuccessful lawsuit, and now all of a sudden,

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Speaker 1: the president has been set and now there's a sixty

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Speaker 1: five second rule out there that some people adhere to.

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Speaker 1: That is how organ procurement has been established in the US.

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Speaker 1: Somebody pushes the envelope, they get sued if they if

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Speaker 1: the cases uh isn't one by the by the plaintiff,

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Speaker 1: then you have a new rule. And then weird, there's

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Speaker 1: like zero guidance for organ procurement except that the person

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Speaker 1: has to be dead. We don't have any real definition

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Speaker 1: for death. Well that's where brain death gets really really true. Exactly.

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Speaker 1: Take it, Chuck, Well, I don't. I mean, you're the

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Speaker 1: you're the expert here. I don't. I can't weigh in

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Speaker 1: morally because I don't know what I think. Really Nah,

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Speaker 1: I mean I know what I might believe for myself,

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Speaker 1: but I don't know about establishing guidelines for others. But

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Speaker 1: we need them, though, don't we? Yeah? But I don't

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Speaker 1: want to make up those rules to you know, and

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Speaker 1: apparently the federal government doesn't either. Um. Every once in

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Speaker 1: a while, I think Carter assigned a panel to create

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Speaker 1: a white paper on this, and I guess George Bush

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Speaker 1: did right before he left office, because there was one

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Speaker 1: that came out in two thousand and eight. Either Bush

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Speaker 1: did right before he left office or it was like

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Speaker 1: the first thing Obama did when he came into office.

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Speaker 1: But there was a very recent white paper that came

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Speaker 1: out that said, Okay, here's how we feel about brain death. Right,

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Speaker 1: here's the problem. Back in the fifties, I think we

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Speaker 1: came up with this thing called the ventilator. And with

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Speaker 1: the ventilator, you can keep somebody who for all intents

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Speaker 1: and purposes dead, You could keep their organs functioning, so

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Speaker 1: you're masking death. We have no idea what would happen

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Speaker 1: if that ventilator wasn't there. Would the person die? And

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Speaker 1: if the person does die, how long do we have

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Speaker 1: to wait until we say that that person is dead? Right,

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Speaker 1: So the ventilator made it so we could procure organs

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Speaker 1: more easily in brain death because we can keep them alive.

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Speaker 1: At the same time, it blurred the line between life

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Speaker 1: and death. Well, now they came out with this recommendation

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Speaker 1: that said brain death is disengagement of no the um

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Speaker 1: end of meaningful engagement with the rest of the world,

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Speaker 1: which really widened the scope of who exactly is dead.

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Speaker 1: And so when you have a brain dead patient and

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Speaker 1: you procure their organs, what what you actually do is

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Speaker 1: you have to run them through this battery of tests

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Speaker 1: where you are um shining lights in their pupils. Uh,

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Speaker 1: there's an ice water injection into the ear canal to

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Speaker 1: see if you move toward or away from the stimulus um.

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Speaker 1: And there's this battery of tests to establish brain death.

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Speaker 1: And then here's the clincher. They do an apneas test

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Speaker 1: where they take you off the ventilator for two minutes

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Speaker 1: and see what happens. And see what happens. Inevitably the um,

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Speaker 1: the heartbeat is going to slow down, and then after

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Speaker 1: two minutes they put the ventilator back on. But that

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Speaker 1: two minutes where your brain was starved of oxygen was

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Speaker 1: enough to to create real brain death if you weren't before. Wow,

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Speaker 1: think about that. This is why they call you supplementary

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Speaker 1: research man, right, That's why that's your superhero. And can

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Speaker 1: you hear like people fast forwarding through to get through this, partners,

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Speaker 1: It's like Josh, josh h Josh. Okay, So we have this,

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Speaker 1: we have this new definition of brain death. And when

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Speaker 1: the second apnea test happens, and you're declared brain dead.

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Speaker 1: What they anesthetize you, they inject you with anti paralytics.

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Speaker 1: Will you into that hospital room and they harvest your organs,

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Speaker 1: so you actually die from a lack of organs present

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Speaker 1: in your body. So that's that it's a ghoulish matter.

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Speaker 1: And these people who are in charge of making sure

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Speaker 1: that people donate and keeping the image of organ donation

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Speaker 1: as a gift of life alive have to battle with

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Speaker 1: this the fact that it's a very ghoulish process. Right,

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Speaker 1: you're right, So who's who's in charge of this stuff? Uh?

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Speaker 1: For what? For that whole soapopsh feel anytime, buddy, Yes, Josh.

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Speaker 1: That would be called an O p O, which is

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Speaker 1: an organ procurement organization and they are federally designated nonprofits

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Speaker 1: and they are local all over the country. There's usually

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Speaker 1: UM one in the central location of a state and

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Speaker 1: then different satellite office is obviously because you need to

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Speaker 1: be close by, you know, you can't be hopping all

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Speaker 1: over the country to get these organs, although that happens

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Speaker 1: as well. And they basically responsible for awareness, recruitment, evaluation,

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Speaker 1: UM organ removal and transportation. So they're the people that's

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Speaker 1: standing there with a cooler waiting to drop your organ

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Speaker 1: in there and rush it to the recipient. They're also

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Speaker 1: the people that talk to the family generally well. Sure,

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Speaker 1: so anytime somebody dies you, the hospital is legally obligated

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Speaker 1: to note a by the organ procurement organization. Right, and

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Speaker 1: you know this, This is a good point to bring

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Speaker 1: this up. If you want to be an organ downer,

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Speaker 1: or if you are, you really need to tell your

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Speaker 1: family the stuff, and you should have it all in

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Speaker 1: your living will because things can get a little ugly. Um.

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Speaker 1: For instance, let's say you are from a very strict

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Speaker 1: religious background. Maybe your family doesn't want you cut up.

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Speaker 1: They think that would be a bad thing, but you

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Speaker 1: want it. You gotta have that, you know, in paper

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Speaker 1: on paper, in writing, right, you need and if you

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Speaker 1: have a documented um in a lot of cases, even

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Speaker 1: if you if your family is like, no, we don't

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Speaker 1: want to donate the organs, the organ procuman organization will say,

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Speaker 1: you know what, ts sorry, he want he or she

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Speaker 1: wanted to be an organ owner. So and the last

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Speaker 1: thing you want after you die is for your spouse.

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Speaker 1: Let's say, to have to mountain this campaign against your

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Speaker 1: family like a tug of war like that. You gotta

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Speaker 1: have it all spelled out. Um, So where are we?

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Speaker 1: The United Network of Organ Sharing that's another group. This

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Speaker 1: is where that's where you got the kidney statistics. We're

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Speaker 1: gonna go back on and look at right. Yeah, they're

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Speaker 1: in Richmond, Virginia, and they are responsible for placing donated

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Speaker 1: organs um and maintaining the waiting list like you just said.

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Speaker 1: And they never close No. Seven three sixty five, which

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Speaker 1: is how it should be. Obviously, we should try calling

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Speaker 1: them right now to see if they're open. Let's not

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Speaker 1: do that. I'm sure they're open. And then chuck, there's

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Speaker 1: the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients right, Yes, the s

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Speaker 1: R t R. And they basically maintain like every amount

401
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Speaker 1: of data you could possibly want on transplants, right, for

402
00:22:29,920 --> 00:22:33,480
Speaker 1: like policy makers and doctors and drug makers and that

403
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Speaker 1: kind of stuff. Yes, And there was one more called

404
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Speaker 1: the organs uh sorry, the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network,

405
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Speaker 1: and they're they're just another network that matches people with

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Speaker 1: recipients and has waiting list that kind of thing, right,

407
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Speaker 1: So this is actually a pretty um lean, mean, streamlined machine. Yeah.

408
00:22:52,880 --> 00:22:56,240
Speaker 1: The procurement and donation network. It has to be right. So, Chuck,

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Speaker 1: you were saying, like they can't be hopping all over

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Speaker 1: the country, but they have to sometime times. So what

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Speaker 1: happens with like, let's say somebody dies in Sacramento and

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Speaker 1: they have the perfect heart that somebody in Tampa needs.

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Speaker 1: What happens, well, they will put it into a cooler

414
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Speaker 1: and fly it to uh what was the destination? Tampa? Tampa?

415
00:23:16,840 --> 00:23:20,159
Speaker 1: They fly to Tampa. Apparently like the hospital in Tampa.

416
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Speaker 1: Those people will go fly to Sacramento, take possession of it,

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Speaker 1: and fly it back unless there's somebody in the like

418
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Speaker 1: like let's say somebody in Sacramento needed it and somebody

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Speaker 1: at the Sacramento General Hospital died, that's when that cooler

420
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Speaker 1: comes in. Which have you seen the one that's at

421
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Speaker 1: the office. We have an organ transplant cooler. Yeah, it's

422
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Speaker 1: pretty cool. Roxane keeper tab in it ap probably. Uh.

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Speaker 1: You know what I thought was really cool is if

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Speaker 1: you were on the organ donation list as a living donor,

425
00:23:51,680 --> 00:23:55,680
Speaker 1: you are actually given consideration if you need an organ

426
00:23:55,720 --> 00:23:58,800
Speaker 1: transplant yourself. And they said that they won't like bump

427
00:23:58,840 --> 00:24:00,640
Speaker 1: you to the top of the list, but they will

428
00:24:00,640 --> 00:24:02,439
Speaker 1: give that a little bit of extra weight, which I

429
00:24:02,480 --> 00:24:06,200
Speaker 1: think is that's only right. Did you also see that? Um,

430
00:24:06,240 --> 00:24:10,600
Speaker 1: if you are a living donor and you usually your

431
00:24:10,640 --> 00:24:13,479
Speaker 1: insurance company won't raise your rates after that. But if

432
00:24:13,520 --> 00:24:17,440
Speaker 1: you move to another insurer change like plans, they'll hit

433
00:24:17,480 --> 00:24:20,879
Speaker 1: you with a pre existing condition. That's how evil and

434
00:24:21,359 --> 00:24:23,840
Speaker 1: seriously you sign up for listening. I will give someone

435
00:24:23,920 --> 00:24:26,600
Speaker 1: my kidney as a living human, and the insurance companies

436
00:24:26,600 --> 00:24:28,520
Speaker 1: are like, oh, well, you might have to charge a

437
00:24:28,520 --> 00:24:30,639
Speaker 1: little extra for that. Don't you think we should start

438
00:24:30,640 --> 00:24:34,760
Speaker 1: publicly executing CEOs of insurance companies. It should be part

439
00:24:34,760 --> 00:24:37,480
Speaker 1: of the healthcare reform package? Right, of course we don't

440
00:24:37,480 --> 00:24:41,920
Speaker 1: mean that. Thanks for the CEO, so Chuck. When when

441
00:24:41,920 --> 00:24:44,080
Speaker 1: you're talking about people running around with coolers and all that,

442
00:24:44,240 --> 00:24:48,080
Speaker 1: it kind of creates this harried pace right in your mind. Um,

443
00:24:48,119 --> 00:24:51,280
Speaker 1: and that's very much true. You have a very short

444
00:24:51,320 --> 00:24:53,880
Speaker 1: amount of time for an organ to survive. Remember I said,

445
00:24:53,920 --> 00:24:57,400
Speaker 1: like even five minutes can kill a heart once it's

446
00:24:57,560 --> 00:25:01,960
Speaker 1: deprived of oxygen, which it stops beating. Right. Um, what

447
00:25:02,080 --> 00:25:05,440
Speaker 1: happens when you die too? The body undergoes all these

448
00:25:05,960 --> 00:25:10,760
Speaker 1: huge changes. Um, that happened almost immediately, like, um, there's

449
00:25:10,800 --> 00:25:16,679
Speaker 1: this uh, parasympathetic flood of chemicals right, um, which is

450
00:25:16,720 --> 00:25:20,639
Speaker 1: like kind of fight or flight on steroids. So I

451
00:25:20,640 --> 00:25:24,320
Speaker 1: guess it's a sympathetic flood. Like dopamine levels increase eight

452
00:25:24,400 --> 00:25:31,439
Speaker 1: hundred percent, epinephrin levels increase, nor EEF levels increase, So

453
00:25:31,440 --> 00:25:34,560
Speaker 1: all these chemicals that are meant to like either speed

454
00:25:34,600 --> 00:25:37,439
Speaker 1: you up or slow you down or just flooding your body.

455
00:25:37,600 --> 00:25:40,919
Speaker 1: That's why you have to take the drugs right most times, Well, no,

456
00:25:41,080 --> 00:25:43,359
Speaker 1: this is when you die. So when they're trying to

457
00:25:43,400 --> 00:25:45,720
Speaker 1: harvest these organs, they're like trying to get them out

458
00:25:45,760 --> 00:25:49,680
Speaker 1: of the body before this flood just damages these I

459
00:25:49,720 --> 00:25:52,359
Speaker 1: thought you meant as a recipient that would happen. No,

460
00:25:52,760 --> 00:25:55,160
Speaker 1: that'd be pretty awesome though, to have your dopamine levels

461
00:25:55,240 --> 00:25:57,720
Speaker 1: raised eight percent, right, But it's not as easy as

462
00:25:57,760 --> 00:25:59,560
Speaker 1: just throwing the new heart in there either and sewing

463
00:25:59,560 --> 00:26:02,120
Speaker 1: you up and say good luck with your life. No, no,

464
00:26:02,160 --> 00:26:06,320
Speaker 1: it's not. And uh there's also some expectation that you

465
00:26:06,560 --> 00:26:09,960
Speaker 1: lead a very healthy life after that. You're not supposed

466
00:26:10,000 --> 00:26:13,560
Speaker 1: to be drinking or smoking or swearing, and um, you

467
00:26:13,640 --> 00:26:16,720
Speaker 1: have to stay away from call girls and things like that. Yeah,

468
00:26:16,760 --> 00:26:18,680
Speaker 1: you shouldn't get a new liver and then like dive

469
00:26:18,720 --> 00:26:21,760
Speaker 1: into the vodka bottle. You're you're pretty much signing a

470
00:26:21,760 --> 00:26:25,679
Speaker 1: contract to become ned Flanders after you get your organ donation. Yeah. Actually,

471
00:26:25,760 --> 00:26:29,160
Speaker 1: just over Christmas heard of a friend of a friend

472
00:26:29,160 --> 00:26:33,359
Speaker 1: of a family member that was a candidate for I

473
00:26:33,400 --> 00:26:36,679
Speaker 1: think a liver transplant and they would not do it

474
00:26:36,720 --> 00:26:42,800
Speaker 1: because he wouldn't enter um rehab. Really yeah, wow, so

475
00:26:42,920 --> 00:26:46,800
Speaker 1: that's hardcore. Yeah, that guy's dedicated to the booze, isn't it. Yeah,

476
00:26:46,800 --> 00:26:52,000
Speaker 1: pretty much. Um. And also you're if you are a recipient,

477
00:26:52,320 --> 00:26:56,920
Speaker 1: there's some expectation that you pay like for the lodging

478
00:26:57,000 --> 00:26:59,680
Speaker 1: and travel expenses of the person who donated. Yeah, it's

479
00:26:59,720 --> 00:27:01,520
Speaker 1: kind of an a written rule from what I understand

480
00:27:01,680 --> 00:27:03,399
Speaker 1: well and have to be real, you know, it's kind

481
00:27:03,400 --> 00:27:05,520
Speaker 1: of against the law really well, but it makes sense though,

482
00:27:05,520 --> 00:27:07,800
Speaker 1: because if you're let's say, you want to donate a

483
00:27:07,840 --> 00:27:09,840
Speaker 1: kidney to someone that lives across the country and you're

484
00:27:10,280 --> 00:27:12,639
Speaker 1: spending money off from work and flying out there and

485
00:27:12,680 --> 00:27:15,600
Speaker 1: putting yourself up, it's gonna cost you some dough and

486
00:27:15,640 --> 00:27:18,760
Speaker 1: a kidney. Yes, you'd have to be a really nice

487
00:27:18,760 --> 00:27:23,440
Speaker 1: person to be in an anonymous living donor. Yeah, that'd

488
00:27:23,440 --> 00:27:49,680
Speaker 1: be cool. All right, So Chuck, you want to talk

489
00:27:49,720 --> 00:27:53,600
Speaker 1: about the black market? Yes, the black market does exist.

490
00:27:53,680 --> 00:27:57,840
Speaker 1: Isn't that crazy? Um? Yeah, but not surprising. No, but

491
00:27:57,920 --> 00:28:03,840
Speaker 1: it's pretty interesting. Um. It obviously exists, Um, typically outside

492
00:28:03,840 --> 00:28:06,840
Speaker 1: of the United States, although there have been some cases

493
00:28:06,880 --> 00:28:09,919
Speaker 1: inside the United States. Usually it's like, and this is

494
00:28:09,920 --> 00:28:13,520
Speaker 1: what's so sad. Usually it's impoverished nations. And what will

495
00:28:13,560 --> 00:28:15,800
Speaker 1: happen is there will be a couple of countries involved.

496
00:28:16,000 --> 00:28:18,359
Speaker 1: You'll take someone out of a really poor country, offer

497
00:28:18,440 --> 00:28:21,240
Speaker 1: them like five thousand dollars for their kidney, and then

498
00:28:21,280 --> 00:28:23,639
Speaker 1: the middleman will get, you know, a hundred thousand dollars

499
00:28:23,640 --> 00:28:26,560
Speaker 1: for that kidney. And you know that it's not like

500
00:28:26,680 --> 00:28:30,000
Speaker 1: these are done in professional surgical rooms. It's a lot

501
00:28:30,040 --> 00:28:32,399
Speaker 1: of time, it's it's the back room, if you know

502
00:28:32,400 --> 00:28:35,439
Speaker 1: what I mean. And that's actually exactly what happened in

503
00:28:36,000 --> 00:28:39,400
Speaker 1: two thousand three in South Africa. Yeah, they were importing

504
00:28:39,440 --> 00:28:43,760
Speaker 1: people from uh, I guess the city of God in Brazil. Yeah,

505
00:28:43,880 --> 00:28:47,800
Speaker 1: slums of Brazil. Yeah, and um, giving them five grand

506
00:28:47,840 --> 00:28:49,800
Speaker 1: for their kidney and then turn around selling it for

507
00:28:49,800 --> 00:28:53,160
Speaker 1: a hundred k Yep. That's nuts yep. And uh where

508
00:28:53,160 --> 00:28:55,920
Speaker 1: else did it happen? Villagers in India so that they

509
00:28:55,920 --> 00:28:59,000
Speaker 1: were getting they weren't getting nearly. They were getting about

510
00:28:59,080 --> 00:29:02,840
Speaker 1: eight hundred dollars for their organs, which is just unbelievable.

511
00:29:02,880 --> 00:29:08,440
Speaker 1: And at one time the Israeli organ brokers were obtaining

512
00:29:08,440 --> 00:29:12,640
Speaker 1: these from Soviet Bloc nations and doing the operations in Turkey,

513
00:29:12,760 --> 00:29:15,880
Speaker 1: and this one guy made a middleman, made about four

514
00:29:15,960 --> 00:29:18,520
Speaker 1: million dollars before he was called, which is not bad

515
00:29:18,600 --> 00:29:22,800
Speaker 1: harvesting organs, although I imagine being an illegal organ broker

516
00:29:22,880 --> 00:29:25,840
Speaker 1: is a fairly stressful job. Yeah, and it happens in

517
00:29:25,840 --> 00:29:30,040
Speaker 1: the US too, although customarily it's um an organ broker

518
00:29:30,200 --> 00:29:35,480
Speaker 1: and a nefarious funeral director who harvest organs before cremation.

519
00:29:35,520 --> 00:29:38,120
Speaker 1: Did you know this happened? No? I didn't either, And

520
00:29:38,200 --> 00:29:42,840
Speaker 1: I saw all the six feet under of course you did. Uh.

521
00:29:42,920 --> 00:29:46,240
Speaker 1: Did you see the movie Trista's No, that wasn't very good.

522
00:29:46,280 --> 00:29:49,880
Speaker 1: That was the the deal there though kids are like

523
00:29:50,400 --> 00:29:54,480
Speaker 1: captured in the jungle. No, but it was like an

524
00:29:54,520 --> 00:29:57,320
Speaker 1: Eli Roth movie. It was like hostile, except they were

525
00:29:57,320 --> 00:30:03,240
Speaker 1: harvesting organs basically instead of blind torture uh. And speaking

526
00:30:03,280 --> 00:30:06,560
Speaker 1: of that, thereristas that actually does happen in the world.

527
00:30:06,920 --> 00:30:14,080
Speaker 1: It's not just old wives tales. Kidney theft does happen,

528
00:30:15,280 --> 00:30:17,840
Speaker 1: It really does. Mohammed, what do you say. His name

529
00:30:17,920 --> 00:30:22,120
Speaker 1: was Selim Khan. Yes, he lived in Delhi, India, and

530
00:30:22,160 --> 00:30:23,920
Speaker 1: he was looking for a day's work and agreed to

531
00:30:23,920 --> 00:30:26,280
Speaker 1: go to a house under the premise that he would

532
00:30:26,280 --> 00:30:29,240
Speaker 1: get about four dollars a day for performing uh work.

533
00:30:29,240 --> 00:30:31,560
Speaker 1: Their construction work. All is on the up and up

534
00:30:31,600 --> 00:30:34,120
Speaker 1: so far. Then he has held at gunpoint for several

535
00:30:34,200 --> 00:30:37,360
Speaker 1: days along with two other day labors. They were taken

536
00:30:37,400 --> 00:30:41,520
Speaker 1: to an operating room drugged and they awoke with a

537
00:30:41,560 --> 00:30:46,080
Speaker 1: horrific pain in their side and minus one kidney. And

538
00:30:46,240 --> 00:30:48,200
Speaker 1: when they took him to the hospital. When he went

539
00:30:48,240 --> 00:30:49,840
Speaker 1: to the hospital, he checked him out and he had

540
00:30:49,880 --> 00:30:53,960
Speaker 1: indeed been down one kidney. Not an urban legend. That

541
00:30:54,040 --> 00:30:56,000
Speaker 1: really happens, although it makes me wonder if the urban

542
00:30:56,080 --> 00:31:00,200
Speaker 1: legend gave rise to the actual practice. Oh, yeah, you know,

543
00:31:00,320 --> 00:31:03,040
Speaker 1: maybe so. And Josh, the one US case that was

544
00:31:03,080 --> 00:31:07,520
Speaker 1: in here was really interesting too. Yes, Michael Master Master Marino.

545
00:31:08,040 --> 00:31:10,400
Speaker 1: There's an oral surgeon in New York and he opened

546
00:31:10,440 --> 00:31:15,600
Speaker 1: a company called Biomedical Tissue Services with an embalmer, which

547
00:31:15,640 --> 00:31:17,959
Speaker 1: should have been a real red flag that he partners

548
00:31:18,000 --> 00:31:19,760
Speaker 1: up with an embalmer. And this is in the year

549
00:31:19,760 --> 00:31:21,880
Speaker 1: two thousand, not even that long ago. Actually it was

550
00:31:21,880 --> 00:31:25,240
Speaker 1: ten years ago. I'm old. Uh. For many years though,

551
00:31:25,280 --> 00:31:28,600
Speaker 1: they harvested human tissue provided by funeral homes and sold

552
00:31:28,600 --> 00:31:32,400
Speaker 1: it to research facilities. And one of those bodies belonged

553
00:31:32,400 --> 00:31:37,160
Speaker 1: to who Alistair Cook Alistair Cook, famous host of Masterpiece Theater.

554
00:31:37,400 --> 00:31:40,680
Speaker 1: So he was chopped up and given to unwitting Well,

555
00:31:40,680 --> 00:31:43,200
Speaker 1: I don't know about recipients. They did harvest some of

556
00:31:43,240 --> 00:31:47,040
Speaker 1: his tissue. Yeah, yeah, how about that? It's pretty awesome.

557
00:31:47,440 --> 00:31:49,960
Speaker 1: So where are we now? We are I think we're

558
00:31:50,000 --> 00:31:52,720
Speaker 1: at the point where we checked those stats. I have

559
00:31:52,760 --> 00:31:56,120
Speaker 1: them written down here as of two oh three pm.

560
00:31:56,280 --> 00:31:59,280
Speaker 1: What time is it now? Chuck's gotta get out of

561
00:31:59,360 --> 00:32:03,920
Speaker 1: his Josh is one okay? To thirty one? I gotta

562
00:32:03,920 --> 00:32:06,640
Speaker 1: telling me disappointed If this number hasn't gone down, I

563
00:32:06,680 --> 00:32:10,360
Speaker 1: think all of our listeners will be too. So we

564
00:32:10,400 --> 00:32:13,480
Speaker 1: started out Chuck with a total of one hundred and

565
00:32:13,520 --> 00:32:16,360
Speaker 1: five thousand, two hundred eighty eight on the waiting list.

566
00:32:16,440 --> 00:32:20,840
Speaker 1: What are we at one oh five. Okay, nothing has

567
00:32:20,880 --> 00:32:23,600
Speaker 1: changed in twenty minutes with the kidney. We are at

568
00:32:24,000 --> 00:32:27,000
Speaker 1: eighty three thousand twelve. Well, it would be the same

569
00:32:27,080 --> 00:32:30,120
Speaker 1: because that was the master stat so the kidney didn't

570
00:32:30,200 --> 00:32:32,080
Speaker 1: change either. Let's just hope Jerry didn't put a drum

571
00:32:32,160 --> 00:32:34,200
Speaker 1: roll in anywhere, right. But I will say though, don't

572
00:32:34,200 --> 00:32:36,800
Speaker 1: be disappointed, because, like I said earlier this morning, UM,

573
00:32:37,160 --> 00:32:41,160
Speaker 1: three people received kidneys that were in search. That's awesome.

574
00:32:41,680 --> 00:32:44,480
Speaker 1: Or else they died waiting. Yeah, let's let's like to

575
00:32:44,520 --> 00:32:48,000
Speaker 1: think the other scenario panned out. Are you a donor?

576
00:32:48,800 --> 00:32:51,400
Speaker 1: I don't remember. I was. At one point in time,

577
00:32:51,440 --> 00:32:56,040
Speaker 1: I was that seven bucks off, But UM, I think

578
00:32:56,080 --> 00:32:58,240
Speaker 1: I'm going to go ahead and do it. Yeah, this

579
00:32:58,360 --> 00:33:00,840
Speaker 1: article inspired me because I'm a the belief that the

580
00:33:00,920 --> 00:33:05,200
Speaker 1: human body after you die is like worm dirt. So

581
00:33:05,320 --> 00:33:08,640
Speaker 1: I have no problem with donating my entire body or

582
00:33:08,680 --> 00:33:12,120
Speaker 1: all my organs, none of that. Yeah. Well, if you

583
00:33:12,160 --> 00:33:16,000
Speaker 1: want to learn more about organ donation, you can read

584
00:33:16,000 --> 00:33:19,120
Speaker 1: Tom Sheave's article on how Stuff Works dot com. UH.

585
00:33:19,240 --> 00:33:22,360
Speaker 1: You can also check out the UM what is It?

586
00:33:22,480 --> 00:33:26,760
Speaker 1: Chuck the Organ Procurement Network UM for their side of

587
00:33:26,760 --> 00:33:29,720
Speaker 1: the story. But I think you should also check out

588
00:33:29,760 --> 00:33:32,760
Speaker 1: the Life Guardian Foundation. They have a very much opposing

589
00:33:32,880 --> 00:33:37,240
Speaker 1: view of organ donation, So such a controversial topic should

590
00:33:37,240 --> 00:33:40,560
Speaker 1: probably um get all of the facts before you make

591
00:33:40,600 --> 00:33:43,520
Speaker 1: the very um important decision of whether or not you're

592
00:33:43,520 --> 00:33:46,240
Speaker 1: going to be a dead donor. And if you decide

593
00:33:46,280 --> 00:33:49,640
Speaker 1: that you want to be, like Chuck said, let everybody know,

594
00:33:49,960 --> 00:33:53,280
Speaker 1: tell everybody, tell strangers on the streets. Just anytime you

595
00:33:53,280 --> 00:33:55,080
Speaker 1: meet a doctor, go I'm going to be an organ donor.

596
00:33:55,160 --> 00:33:56,960
Speaker 1: And you may want to make the decision with your

597
00:33:56,960 --> 00:33:59,560
Speaker 1: loved ones as well, even though ultimately it is it

598
00:33:59,640 --> 00:34:03,560
Speaker 1: is your right. So good luck with being a rag

599
00:34:03,600 --> 00:34:11,520
Speaker 1: doll in the afterlife. Which leads us, of course to listener. Now, Yes, Josh,

600
00:34:11,560 --> 00:34:15,280
Speaker 1: I am going to call this uh interesting cleptomania story

601
00:34:15,800 --> 00:34:19,680
Speaker 1: from Sarah okay um hi, Josh, Chuck and Jerry, And

602
00:34:19,760 --> 00:34:23,240
Speaker 1: she even spelled it correctly. Wow. I think that deserves

603
00:34:23,239 --> 00:34:26,400
Speaker 1: a T shirt, don't you? Oh? Actually she didn't, Sorry

604
00:34:26,480 --> 00:34:29,920
Speaker 1: to ours Okay close though. Uh here's a story that

605
00:34:29,920 --> 00:34:32,120
Speaker 1: I always think of when you hear anything about kleptomania.

606
00:34:32,440 --> 00:34:34,440
Speaker 1: A while ago, I was working in a large independent

607
00:34:34,480 --> 00:34:37,600
Speaker 1: bookstore that had been a city institution for years. Like

608
00:34:37,640 --> 00:34:42,000
Speaker 1: any retail establishment, they had experience about ten theft loss

609
00:34:42,040 --> 00:34:44,880
Speaker 1: a year, nothing too unusual. However, one day in the

610
00:34:44,960 --> 00:34:48,279
Speaker 1: late eighties they received a thick, densely written journal which

611
00:34:48,320 --> 00:34:51,680
Speaker 1: detailed to the day, our moment, weather condition, et cetera,

612
00:34:52,160 --> 00:34:55,560
Speaker 1: every single book this person ever stole from the bookstory.

613
00:34:55,280 --> 00:34:57,719
Speaker 1: But this guy turned it in. Uh. They showed it

614
00:34:57,760 --> 00:34:59,319
Speaker 1: to us in sales training. It was written in a

615
00:34:59,360 --> 00:35:02,640
Speaker 1: cramped hand and all pages front and back, which is

616
00:35:02,680 --> 00:35:04,680
Speaker 1: really creepy. When you're writing on front and back, you're

617
00:35:04,680 --> 00:35:08,200
Speaker 1: either really green or you're like a serial killer. That's

618
00:35:08,239 --> 00:35:11,000
Speaker 1: what I think. Uh. Sometimes a clipping or a picture

619
00:35:11,040 --> 00:35:13,400
Speaker 1: from one of the stolen books is taped to it. So,

620
00:35:13,440 --> 00:35:16,160
Speaker 1: of course the bookstore said, huh, maybe we should prosecute.

621
00:35:16,200 --> 00:35:19,319
Speaker 1: Since they confessed basically to stealing over a period of

622
00:35:19,320 --> 00:35:22,640
Speaker 1: twenty years, adding up to thousands of dollars is recognition.

623
00:35:23,200 --> 00:35:25,520
Speaker 1: They contacted the people that returned address, and it turned

624
00:35:25,520 --> 00:35:27,920
Speaker 1: out the person who wrote in was a son or

625
00:35:28,000 --> 00:35:31,880
Speaker 1: daughter the very prominent local family active in politics and

626
00:35:31,920 --> 00:35:34,640
Speaker 1: big charities and the like, the kind of family they

627
00:35:34,719 --> 00:35:37,880
Speaker 1: named Wings of Hospitals after food Sarah say, so, of

628
00:35:37,920 --> 00:35:39,759
Speaker 1: course they didn't want their good name, dragted the mud,

629
00:35:39,760 --> 00:35:42,800
Speaker 1: and apparently settled out of court for an undisclosed Some

630
00:35:43,120 --> 00:35:46,000
Speaker 1: money can do that. I guess that journal was something

631
00:35:46,040 --> 00:35:49,440
Speaker 1: to behold though, So, um, that's what Sarah says. That

632
00:35:49,600 --> 00:35:55,319
Speaker 1: is definitely that's awesome. Yeah. Cool, Well, if anybody's ever

633
00:35:55,360 --> 00:35:58,239
Speaker 1: sent you a cryptic or disturbing journal and you want

634
00:35:58,239 --> 00:36:00,319
Speaker 1: to tell us about it, or if you just want

635
00:36:00,320 --> 00:36:02,799
Speaker 1: to say hi, you can send us an email at

636
00:36:02,960 --> 00:36:11,359
Speaker 1: stuff podcast at how stuff works dot com. For more

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Speaker 1: on this and thousands of other topics, is it how

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Speaker 1: stuff works dot com. Want more how stuff works, check

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Speaker 1: out our blogs on the how stuff works dot com

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Speaker 1: home page. H