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Speaker 1: All media.

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Speaker 2: Welcome to could happen here. We only show where things happen.

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Speaker 2: I'm Andrew Sage of the Future Channel Antrism, and I'm

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Speaker 2: joined by Garrison slo Hello. Nice. Recently, I've been researching

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Speaker 2: and writing on education and anarchism. Honestly, it's one of

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Speaker 2: my favorite topics to look into, and it's one of

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Speaker 2: the topics I think I'm most passionate about.

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Speaker 3: Yeah, that's definitely a hot topic within this political fields,

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Speaker 3: a large, large variety of opinions.

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Speaker 2: One might say, for sure, for sure, for sure, I mean,

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Speaker 2: consciousness does form the basis of revolution. And there's a

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Speaker 2: long history of anarchists struggle around education, whether it be

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Speaker 2: in terms of critiquing its role in social control and socialization,

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Speaker 2: or discussing news liberation, or talking about the inequalities of

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Speaker 2: the current education system, or the influenzer statist, capitalist and

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Speaker 2: religion ideologies, or the whole discussion around sex education. These

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Speaker 2: are all things that anarchists have looked into, discussed, and

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Speaker 2: so it's to you know, wrestle.

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Speaker 3: With no It's interesting because anarchists have, like I believe,

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Speaker 3: the large number of people who are like, very like,

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Speaker 3: militantly like anti school but also have a really high

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Speaker 3: number of people who become teachers. So it's always kind

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Speaker 3: of interesting when you're ever at like an anarchist gathering,

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Speaker 3: you have like half the people are like school teachers,

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Speaker 3: the other half are like destroy the schools, which is

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Speaker 3: always just a little bit amusing.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, for sure, for sure. So it's really I think

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Speaker 2: people have to deal with that sort of a tension.

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Speaker 2: Anarchists find themselves in those sort of tensions, but then

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Speaker 2: they also find themselves put themselves in those positions in

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Speaker 2: part because they see the potential of those positions, you know,

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Speaker 2: in s shape in the future. But I don't mean

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Speaker 2: to mislead anybody, this episode is only tangentially related to education, Okay. Yeah,

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Speaker 2: So basically in my research on education, I stumbled upon

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Speaker 2: this article called Anarchism in Education and early Republican Cuba

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Speaker 2: from eighteen ninety eight to nineteen twenty five, and also

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Speaker 2: found some other work on anarchist Cuba in general and

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Speaker 2: his all thanks to the scholarship of Kubin Schaffer, and

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Speaker 2: I mean for some time now eving meaning to dig

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Speaker 2: deeper into the history of anarchism in Cuba. There I say,

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Speaker 2: I think it's been forgotten, and so I took a

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Speaker 2: dive into it. I first started with Stephen J. Hush

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Speaker 2: and Lucian Vanda Wald's work in anarchism and syndicalism in

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Speaker 2: the colonial and post colonial world, and in my research

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Speaker 2: I also found the work of Sam Dorkov and Frank Finandists,

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Speaker 2: both of whom were apparently highly influential in the scholarship his,

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Speaker 2: the historical research and the present understanding of Cuban anarchism.

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Speaker 2: It's thanks to their research that we know what we know,

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Speaker 2: bringing all those different things together, all these different sources together.

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Speaker 2: So here we go, Achivamos, Let's discuss the history of

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Speaker 2: Cuban aicism, and our story begins in the early nineteenth century.

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Speaker 2: You know, the sun on colonial Cuba cast in a

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Speaker 2: long and heavy shadow across the vibrant streets of Havana,

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Speaker 2: the gentle salty breezes carried I'm trying a new thing.

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Speaker 2: I see a facial express I'm trying.

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Speaker 3: I like it. I like it.

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Speaker 2: I'm trying to set the same you know, I feel

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Speaker 2: feel those salty breezes carrying the scent of tobacco and

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Speaker 2: coffee and sugar cane. But let's not get too romantic.

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Speaker 2: You know, this was a plantation society where African slaves

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Speaker 2: remained in chains and toiled in the hot sun while

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Speaker 2: many of their contemporaries gained their freedom and plantition known

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Speaker 2: as navigated the web of politics and power. Cuba was

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Speaker 2: among the last countries to abolish slavery, and the Cuban aristocracy,

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Speaker 2: being uniquely loyal to the Spanish crown, was primarily responsible

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Speaker 2: for the persistence of that institution. You know, they were

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Speaker 2: dedicated to Spain long after much of Latin America had

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Speaker 2: won their independence, and despite the aristocrat's loyalty, there were

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Speaker 2: still whispers of liberation and revolution in corners of the city.

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Speaker 2: In eighteen fifty seven, just nearly two decades after the

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Speaker 2: French Traccal pair, Joseph Prudin declared himself an anarchist and

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Speaker 2: a mutualist. The first Prunonian Mutualist Society would be founded

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Speaker 2: in Cuba, marking the early beginnings of the organized labor

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Speaker 2: movement on the island. A decade later, in eighteen sixty five,

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Speaker 2: lecturers or readings places where political ideas we read in

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Speaker 2: cigar factories. They became very widespread, considering the predominance of

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Speaker 2: the tobacco industry, and in the same year, the first

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Speaker 2: strike threat would occur at a tobacco works in Havana,

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Speaker 2: leading successful negotiations for increased wages. In eighteen sixty six,

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Speaker 2: Havana based artisans would established the first evening school for workers,

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Speaker 2: lay in the Foundation for worker based Education. Between eighteen

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Speaker 2: sixty eight and eighteen seventy eight, conflicts would erupt into

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Speaker 2: violence as the sugar mill owner Carlos Manuel de Saspids

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Speaker 2: and his followers proclaimed independence, beginning the first of three

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Speaker 2: liberation wars that Cuba fought against Spain. The first aprison,

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Speaker 2: led by wealthy planters, would be known as the Ten Years' War,

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Speaker 2: and it would be followed by a second uprising, the

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Speaker 2: Little War from eighteen seventy nineteighteen eighty, and meanwhile, the

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Speaker 2: cubas anarchist movement would look to establish another workers school

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Speaker 2: and a newspaper. These efforts were led by cigar makers

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Speaker 2: Enrique Roig s de San Martin and Enrique Messonier. In Havana,

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Speaker 2: Groig San Martin founded this center of Instruction and Recreation.

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Speaker 2: Its purpose was to defend worker organizations and distribute anarchal

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Speaker 2: electivist literature from Spain. The doors of the center were

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Speaker 2: open to all Cubans, regardless of their social position, political leanings,

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Speaker 2: or color differences. Gregs and Martin also took the position

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Speaker 2: of editor at the newspaper El Obrero, co opting it

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Speaker 2: from the Democratic Republicans and turned into an explicitly anarchist newspaper.

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Speaker 2: The anarchists and tobacco industry were pioneering the emergent labour struggle,

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Speaker 2: boasted by the transportation of anarchist periodicals from Spain to

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Speaker 2: Cuba and the transmission of ideas by Spanish immigrant workers.

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Speaker 2: The first regional centers, clinics, secular schools, mutual aid associations

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Speaker 2: and free association of tobacco workers, typographers, carpenters, day laborers

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Speaker 2: and artisans were emerging thanks to the influence of Prudon's ideas.

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Speaker 2: While some in the labor movement were appreciate reformism and

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Speaker 2: collaboration with capitalist interests, the anarchists stood firm in their

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Speaker 2: rejection of submission to defeat of capital.

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Speaker 1: Five.

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Speaker 2: The Junta Central der Tisnos was founded to unite Cubas

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Speaker 2: workers in federations. In the same year, in the became

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Speaker 2: Massonia launched the Circulo de Travajadores or Workers Circle, which

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Speaker 2: was focused on educational and cultural activities. The Worker's Circle

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Speaker 2: became the largest labor organization in Cuba in the late

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Speaker 2: eighteen eighties. It hosted a secular school for five hundred

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Speaker 2: poor students to challenge Cuba's public and religious schools. It

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Speaker 2: held rallies for groups of workers, and it led anti

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Speaker 2: nationalist and anti racist education efforts. Anarchists will also challenge

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Speaker 2: in discrimination in labor and immigration policies. By eighteen eighty six,

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Speaker 2: Spain finally outlawed slavery, and the Cuban anarchists would attempt

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Speaker 2: to welcome Afrocubans into the labor organizations with mixed success,

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Speaker 2: and we'll get to that soon. In eighteen eighty seven,

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Speaker 2: Roigxamartin launched Al Productor, a weekly newspaper that would become

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Speaker 2: a must read for people of Cuba and to coordinated

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Speaker 2: to publication and the efforts of the various workers groups,

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Speaker 2: workers founded the Alianza Obrera or Workers Alliance. With the

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Speaker 2: founding of the Alliance and the sponsorship of another organization,

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Speaker 2: La Ferrac de Travadores de Cuba or FDC or Federation

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Speaker 2: of Cuban Workers. The first Congresso Obrero de Cuba will

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Speaker 2: be held in Havana. Majority of the members of the

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Speaker 2: FDC were tobacco workers, but members of other trades also participated,

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Speaker 2: like tailors and drivers and bakers and baromakers and dock workers.

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Speaker 2: So that's a lot of organizations and quick succession. So

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Speaker 2: to summarize, we have the Center for Instruction Recreation, the

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Speaker 2: newspapers El Peructor and e Obrero, the Junta Central de

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Speaker 2: Artsinos or Central Union of Artisans, El Seculo de Travajadores

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Speaker 2: or Workers Circle, the Alianza Oprera or Workers Alliance, and

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Speaker 2: La Ferracion de Travajadores de Cuba or FDC, which held

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Speaker 2: the first Congress so Obrero or Workers Congress in Cuba.

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Speaker 2: All these organized efforts would spark another strike. Remember the

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Speaker 2: first threat, which did not lead to a strike, took

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Speaker 2: place in eighteen sixty five, but this time it was different.

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Speaker 2: In July eighteen eighty eight, the tobacco workers call a

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Speaker 2: strike at the Henry Clay tobacco factory in Havana. The

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Speaker 2: Worker's Circle met and agreed to begin collecting donations to

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Speaker 2: support the workers out in the streets and sent delegates

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Speaker 2: to Key West in Florida to solicit aid from the

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Speaker 2: tobacco workers there. The Worker's Circle was very much involved

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Speaker 2: in a lot of these things because they actually had

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Speaker 2: a large headquarters that coordinated the offices of many workers associations.

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Speaker 2: In addition to the school I mentioned, they found it,

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Speaker 2: they had their fingers, and a lot of the associations

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Speaker 2: and solidarity efforts had taken place. By eighteen eighty nine,

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Speaker 2: they founded yet another school, teaching over one hundred men

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Speaker 2: at night and eight hundred children during the day, and

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Speaker 2: agent to the establishment of new schools across the island.

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Speaker 2: And also in eighteen eighty nine, those same tobacco wh

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Speaker 2: beers in Key West called their own general strike due

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Speaker 2: to poor working conditions, low wages, and starck living conditions.

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Speaker 2: And guess what, they stood in solidarity with the Cuban workers,

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Speaker 2: and the Cuban workers stood in solidarity with them. The Workers'

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Speaker 2: Alliance also connected with workers organizations in Florida and foster

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Speaker 2: solidarity between workers in Florida and Cuba. In addition to

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Speaker 2: Key West, strikes would also break out in Tampa and

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Speaker 2: Yubor City. Despite some violence and the expulsion of the

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Speaker 2: strike leaders. The strike in Florida ended in early eighteen

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Speaker 2: ninety with a triumph for Florida's tobacco workers as the

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Speaker 2: owners acceded to the demands for a pay increase. On

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Speaker 2: May first International Workers Day, over three thousand workers marched

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Speaker 2: through Havana, and in this time the workers' circle was

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Speaker 2: continuously expanding. But within this year also came tragedy, as

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Speaker 2: in August Enrique Roic San Martin died at the age

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Speaker 2: of forty six, and the last of the three conflicts

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Speaker 2: against Spain would be the Cuban War of Independence, which

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Speaker 2: raised from eighteen ninety five to eighteen ninety eight. Anarchists

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Speaker 2: in Cuba, New York, and Spain debated support for Cuba's

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Speaker 2: independent struggle, but despite concerns, most anarchists did support independence,

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Speaker 2: seen it as an anti colonial fight against Spanish imperialism

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Speaker 2: and an opportunity to transform the island along anarchist principles.

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Speaker 2: Figures like Jose Garcia, Rafael Serra, and Idrian del Valle

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Speaker 2: promoted anarchist internationalism while also seek in Cuban national liberation.

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Speaker 2: The final three months that conflict escalated with US involvement

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Speaker 2: becoming known as the Spanish American War, and following Spain's defeat,

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Speaker 2: the US briefly occupied Cuba with the promise of greater

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Speaker 2: autonomy in the future. Of course, we all know how

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Speaker 2: that promise turned out with repeated interventions. Kim crowan anarchist

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Speaker 2: opposition the US occupiers over who the Cuban education system

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Speaker 2: and introduced a new model influenced by American principles emphasized

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Speaker 2: in liberal arts, manual instruction, and civic education to republicanize

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Speaker 2: the children of Cuba and promote democracy. In spite of

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Speaker 2: some reforms, the Cuban education system still suffered corruption, inadequate

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Speaker 2: and infrastructure, and overcrowded classrooms. In eighteen ninety nine, just

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Speaker 2: a year after independence, the Workers' Alliance organized a mason's strike,

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Speaker 2: which extended into the construction trade and also led to

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Speaker 2: several arrests and the overall repression of the anarchists. This

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Speaker 2: is a persistent theme, of course.

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Speaker 3: Yes, I mean it's interesting how in a lot of

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Speaker 3: the political stuff we learned about Cuba it's more based

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Speaker 3: on the socialist and more communist struggles of the twentieth century.

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Speaker 3: And I knew that there were anarchists active before that

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Speaker 3: and even during that time period as well. But there

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Speaker 3: is a lot of this that seems to be not

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Speaker 3: nearly as talked about are emphasized as the later, more

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Speaker 3: socialist leaning struggles that came.

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Speaker 2: And you'll notice that, you know, in places where the

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Speaker 2: Marxists won, basically any of the pre Marxist victory history

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Speaker 2: of anarchists involvements tends to be diminished or we've raised entirely.

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Speaker 1: Yeah.

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Speaker 3: Yeah, like in literally every in every struggle all across

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Speaker 3: the world where that's happened. That does seem to be

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Speaker 3: the case.

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Speaker 2: Exactly exactly when I found this information and my mind

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Speaker 2: was blowing, you know, I had no idea all of

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Speaker 2: this was going on. Yeah, the fact that from as

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Speaker 2: early as Prudon's lifetime there were anarchists in Cuba organizing associations,

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Speaker 2: I mean, come.

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Speaker 3: On, yeah, in like the eighteen fifties, and it gets.

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Speaker 2: Bigger, A lot more takes place. I haven't even really

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Speaker 2: breached in the other twentieth century yet, that's when things really

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Speaker 2: kick off.

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Speaker 3: Let's get to that after this message from our sponsors.

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Speaker 3: All right, we are we are back. Let's let's return

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Speaker 3: to Andrew's discussion of anarchism in Cuba.

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Speaker 2: Yes so so. Also in eighteen ninety nine, some new

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Speaker 2: anarchist projects drops onto the scene. You know, you had

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Speaker 2: the Liga Heneral de Travadores or General League of Workers,

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Speaker 2: which emerged with the back in the Missonia, and another

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Speaker 2: anarchist Ramon Rivero eve Rivero, and also the publication Tierra

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Speaker 2: which is founded by anarchists Abelardo Savedra and Francisco Gonzale Sola,

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Speaker 2: and the publication El Nuevo Ideal was also founded, but

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Speaker 2: it only lasted a couple of years. Notably, it loudly

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Speaker 2: who is the US's plans for Anix and Cuba? And

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Speaker 2: the introduction of the plat Amendment to the Cuban Constitution

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Speaker 2: which would provide pretense for US intervention in the future.

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Speaker 2: The plat Amendment was really that point in the Cuban

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Speaker 2: Constitution that would justify US in thesion and involvement for

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Speaker 2: years to come. Here's a little easter egg, a little

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Speaker 2: fun factor will came you. In fact, you could call

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Speaker 2: him a run in Cameo for the anarchists worldwide, a

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Speaker 2: familiar face because he showed up in Havana in this year,

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Speaker 2: and he also showed up in Egypt during their anarchist struggle.

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Speaker 2: For those who remember that episode, any ideas.

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Speaker 3: Too to try to think of this time period who

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Speaker 3: at this.

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Speaker 2: Point, at this point you could call him mister worldwide,

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Speaker 2: the anarchist, mister worldwide.

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Speaker 3: Yeah, I don't think so. I think I'll only make

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Speaker 3: a fool of myself.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, the one and only Erico Malchester, right than Cuba.

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Speaker 3: Oh okay, okay, that makes sense, that makes sense. Yeah, yeah, yeah, okay.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, mister will White. Of course, it didn't take long

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Speaker 2: before he was barred from speaking in public and he

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Speaker 2: very quickly had to leave Cuba, but he was there,

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Speaker 2: he did show up and let me reach the you know,

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Speaker 2: the turn of the century. Right just after the turn

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Speaker 2: of the century, on May twentieth, nineteen oh two, the

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Speaker 2: First Republic of Cuba was inaugurated with the recognition of

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Speaker 2: the US, but despite the survey opposition, the US retained

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Speaker 2: influence over Cuba with that plat amendment. With independence, many

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Speaker 2: Cubans aspired to build a more Egalityian nation. The Cuban

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Speaker 2: anarchists continued to struggle even as they were becoming dissillusioned

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Speaker 2: by the continued prioritization of individual profits of a society

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Speaker 2: well being, the oppression of labor, and the terrible educational systems.

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Speaker 2: They had their first truly general strike in nineteen oh two,

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Speaker 2: known as the Apprentice Strike, but it was suppressed and

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Speaker 2: field and with its failure, leading figures in the Lega

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Speaker 2: Heneral de Tabadores like Missonnier and Rivero Yirverro, retired from

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Speaker 2: the labor struggle. A year later, in nineteen oh three,

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Speaker 2: anarchists organized in the sugar industry, which was met with

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Speaker 2: a violent response from the owners, including the murder of

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Speaker 2: two prominent anarchist figures, Casanias and Buntero. The year before

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Speaker 2: the US recognition of Cuban independence in nineteen oh one,

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Speaker 2: just across the pond in Spain, Francisco Ferrero had founded

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Speaker 2: his first modern school. Ferrer is an icon in the

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Speaker 2: sphere of anarchist education for his pioneer and efforts. As

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Speaker 2: anarchists in Cuba condemn public schools for their condition pedagogy,

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Speaker 2: patriotic indoctrination, and lack of critical thinking. They were inspired

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Speaker 2: by they alternative education rooted in rationalism and free inquiry

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Speaker 2: that was introduced by Ferrer.

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Speaker 3: At this point, is there like a decent bit of

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Speaker 3: communication between the anarchists in Spain and the anarchists in Cuba,

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Speaker 3: Because also, if you've been mentioning, sounds very like reminiscent

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Speaker 3: of some of like the anarchosyndicalist models that would grow

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Speaker 3: to more prominence in Spain in the coming decades. Oh yeah,

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Speaker 3: for sure in this field, yeah, it feels very very similar.

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Speaker 2: There was a very large Spanish immigrant community in Cuba

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Speaker 2: at the time of Spanish workers, and that would actually

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Speaker 2: end up biting the anarchist movement in the but later

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Speaker 2: on and you know, you'll see how. Yeah, there was

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Speaker 2: a lot of there was a lot of cross pollination

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Speaker 2: between the Spanish anarchists and the Cuban anarchists. That makes

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Speaker 2: sense in many cases they were both Spanish and Cuba.

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Speaker 3: Sure.

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Speaker 2: And so when for pop Star with this school in

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Speaker 2: Barcelona and in other places in Spain, I mean, the

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Speaker 2: Cuban anarchists had already been organized in education before, as

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Speaker 2: their program had always sought to raise consciousness and prepare

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Speaker 2: for social revolution. But Ferrer offered that extra dose of inspiration.

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Speaker 2: You know, his modern schools introduced things like free play

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Speaker 2: and individual liberty and really inspired the founding of educational

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Speaker 2: experiments across Europe, Asia and the Americas. In nineteen oh five,

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Speaker 2: Rovino Vilar opened for that co educational primary and secondary

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Speaker 2: school in Havana, following for ours principles of free in

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Speaker 2: Korean individual liberty. In nineteen oh six, the CEES School

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Speaker 2: was established in Regular, embracing the advanced pedagogical perspective methods

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Speaker 2: of these Spanish anarchist schools. And that very same year,

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Speaker 2: nineteen oh six, the US intervened in Cuba again. You know,

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Speaker 2: they can't even let a decade go by of independence

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Speaker 2: before they say, nap, we're stepping in, you know. So

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Speaker 2: of course in response, strikes breakout in Havana, Siego de'a Villa,

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Speaker 2: and Santiago de Cuba anyway, So that's going on, and

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Speaker 2: anarchists are also organized and speaking tours. In nineteen oh eight,

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Speaker 2: anarchists formed the group ed ucaciondale Prevenir or Education of

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Speaker 2: the Future in Regular, which sought to established modern schools

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Speaker 2: across the island. The LGA Heneral de Tarbahadories also got

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Speaker 2: involved in the group's efforts. Unfortunately, internal conflicts and financial

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Speaker 2: difficulties undermined the initial wave of anarchist schools in this time. Meanwhile,

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Speaker 2: private school options, particularly of the religious variety, were proliferated

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Speaker 2: across Cuba. Eventually, in nineteen oh nine, Ferrero was arrested

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Speaker 2: and executed by Spanish authorities, which actually triggered a protest

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Speaker 2: in Cuba and also triggered resistance elsewhere in the world

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Speaker 2: that would simultaneously seek to advocate his ideas further and

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Speaker 2: of course to honor his memory. Turning out into the

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Speaker 2: nineteen tens, it was a very eventful period. Let's just say,

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Speaker 2: you know, the Mexican Revolution was oc current which inspired

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Speaker 2: Cuba's workers and peasants. The Mexican Revolution was a current

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Speaker 2: and that inspired Cuba's workers and peasants. There was actually,

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Speaker 2: just as there was cross pollination between Spanish anarchists and

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Speaker 2: Cuban anarchists, there was cross pollination between Cuban anarchists and

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Speaker 2: Mexican anarchists, you know, anarchists. Ricardo fues Magon, a Titanic

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Speaker 2: figure in Mexican Revolution, actually had a stand in a

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Speaker 2: relationship with the Cuban paper Tierra, as the paper was

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Speaker 2: critical of the Mexican dictator at the time Portfyrio DS. So,

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Speaker 2: while the guns of the revolutionary Emiliano Zapata were firing

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Speaker 2: in Mexico, tobacco workers, teamsters and bakers were striking in Cuba.

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Speaker 2: In nineteen twelve, a congress was formed in Crusius with

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Speaker 2: the aim to create an island wide labor federation. But

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Speaker 2: another significant event occurred in nineteen twelve. You see, all

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Speaker 2: this time, Africubans will play in significant roles in the

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Speaker 2: island's labor movements, particularly through strikes such as the eighteen

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Speaker 2: ninety nine Mason strike and the sugar workers struggles. Despite this,

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Speaker 2: they were dealing with a lot of political and cultural

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Speaker 2: persecution and faced high literacy rates, job discrimination, and disenfranchisement

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Speaker 2: due to literacy and property requirements for voting. Naturally, after

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Speaker 2: Cubans who wanted to fight against this, so they formed

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Speaker 2: their own political party, the Independent Party of Color or PC,

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Speaker 2: and the government quickly outlawed it, which triggered several violent

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Speaker 2: attacks on PIC supporter meetings throughout nineteen twelve. It was

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Speaker 2: essentially a race riot, and it killed as many as

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Speaker 2: six thousand Afrocubans and resulted in another nine hundred thrown

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Speaker 2: in jail and charged with rebellion, and in this time

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Speaker 2: the anarchist response was weaker than it could have been.

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Speaker 2: Writers like Adrian del Vallier and Eugenio Leante pressed the

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Speaker 2: importance of education and the good upbringing of children to

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Speaker 2: root out the racist attitudes that led to the massacre.

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Speaker 2: Writers like Adrian de la Vali and Eugenio Leante pressed

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Speaker 2: the importance of education and the importance of a good

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Speaker 2: upbringing of children to root out the racial attitudes. The

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Speaker 2: racist attitudes that led to the massacre, as those attitutes

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Speaker 2: are still present a mere generation after ablition. The anarchists were,

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Speaker 2: as will be consistent of the principles, critical of the

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Speaker 2: PIC's political approach of bourgeois elections, but they did admire

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Speaker 2: Africuban culture and recognize their contributions to workers the Berish movements.

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Speaker 2: But as far as I can tell, they didn't do

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Speaker 2: much else beyond education to combat racist attitudes, likely feeling

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Speaker 2: powerless to prevent the violence in nineteen twelve due to

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Speaker 2: their own repression by the state. And of course it

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Speaker 2: is a binary of Africubans and anarchists, as there were

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Speaker 2: Africubans in the anarchist movement, including program figures like Rafael

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Speaker 2: Sarah who remained active into the nineteen forties, the printer

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Speaker 2: Pablo Gueira, and Marcarito Iglesias, who is the black anarchist

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Speaker 2: leader of the Manufacturers Union in the nineteen twenties. Still,

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Speaker 2: despite this overlap, the anarchists still couldn't shake their perception

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Speaker 2: as white and foreigners, which.

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Speaker 3: Is still a dynamic at play today with anarchists, as

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Speaker 3: people didn't free anarchists all as like white teenagers, I

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Speaker 3: guess and will often discount the presence of black anarchists

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Speaker 3: and other anarchists or people of color.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, I'm a bit of at a loss as to

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Speaker 2: what I could say, like from this arm chair position,

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Speaker 2: that they could have done differently in nineteen twelve. Sure,

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Speaker 2: they definitely could have stepped up in tried with what

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Speaker 2: to defend those communities and to start with those communities

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Speaker 2: and solidarity. But at the same time, i wasn't there

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Speaker 2: in nineteen twelve, so I'm not sure how things played out.

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Speaker 2: But I do think that while the heart is in

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Speaker 2: the right place with education to root out racist attitudes,

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Speaker 2: you know, consciouness reasons one thing which you really do

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Speaker 2: have to, you know, put yourself on the line when

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Speaker 2: it comes to defending marginalized groups, especially if you come

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Speaker 2: in from opposition of relative privilege being white, don't be

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Speaker 2: in Spanish in you know, recently post colonial Cuba, barely

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Speaker 2: even post colonial Cuba, you know.

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Speaker 3: Yeah, I mean I'm in the same position as you

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Speaker 3: here or even further, possessing an inability to try to

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Speaker 3: critique from the twenty first century. But do you know

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Speaker 3: what I do feel comfortable in calling? Is this next

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Speaker 3: ad break? All right, we're back. Let's return to our

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Speaker 3: discussion of anarchism in Cuba in the nineteen tenths.

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Speaker 2: So nineteen thirteen, as we was speaking of the repression

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Speaker 2: of the anarchist movement, the third President of Cuba would

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Speaker 2: step up, that is, General Mario Garcia Menocal, and during

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Speaker 2: his reign, the government would ramp up the repression of

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Speaker 2: the anarchists with the parson of anti anarchist laws and

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Speaker 2: the closure of anarchist organizations. There were crackdowns against the

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Speaker 2: radical activities from nineteen fourteen on and the suspension of

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Speaker 2: the Tierra publication and the deportation of many anarchists. Because

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Speaker 2: in spite of the oppression, the anarchist movement began to

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Speaker 2: recover by nineteen seventeen, with the Centro Obrero or Worker's

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Speaker 2: Center being established in Havana, lead into a resurgence of

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Speaker 2: anarchist education and organized activity. Between nineteen eighteen and nineteen

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Speaker 2: nineteen four, general strikes a breakout in Havana, and the

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Speaker 2: US sent a flotilla in response to the disorder. The

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Speaker 2: government suspended constitutional guarantees, deported even more anarchists, and closed

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Speaker 2: the Centro Obrero. Around this time, you also had the

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Speaker 2: anarcho naturists, which I really didn't know where to fit

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Speaker 2: into all of this, so I'll just put them here

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Speaker 2: to give.

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Speaker 3: You the oppression naturists.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, yeah, So let's take this as like a breath

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Speaker 2: of fresh air from all of the repression and against

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Speaker 2: anarchists by the state. You had the anarquo naturists.

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Speaker 3: That's what I haven't heard before. Are these like old

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Speaker 3: timey green anarchists? I guess.

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Speaker 2: No, okay, I act you to be the judge of that.

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Speaker 2: I'll let you be the judge of that.

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Speaker 3: It's like actual naturist philosophy. Yes, ah, oh weird.

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Speaker 2: Yes. The naturist movement was developed in Europe and North

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Speaker 2: America during the late nineteenth for the early twentieth centuries,

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Speaker 2: and it focused on alternative poestonal health and lifestyle practices

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Speaker 2: such as adopted vegetarianism, exercise, nudism, and small village life

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Speaker 2: to combat the effects of industrial mass society.

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Speaker 3: Okay, so there is like little tidbits of like anarcopaic

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Speaker 3: of like what would become anarcho primitivism in here, but

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Speaker 3: it's definitely not like a one to one overlap.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, yeah, especially not in Cuba. In Cuba, the anarchists

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Speaker 2: aimed to shift the naturist movements focus away from primarily

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Speaker 2: individual health concerns to an emphasis on social emancipiatory themes.

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Speaker 2: So in nineteen ten you had lectures on nuterismo, and

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Speaker 2: although it didn't have the broader emaansipiatory dimensions initially, later

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Speaker 2: in the decade the movement would gains momentum and the

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Speaker 2: Nature's Association would expand to establish branches across Cuba and

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Speaker 2: even Tampa, Florida.

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Speaker 3: Huh Okay.

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Speaker 2: Now, anacar naturism in Cuba wasn't too big on the

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Speaker 2: nudism aspect of the naturism, but they did emphasize the

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Speaker 2: vegetarian self sufficiency against the reliance and capitalism, and so

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Speaker 2: to learn and teach alternative medicine to help people deal

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Speaker 2: with the health problems brought about by factory and field

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Speaker 2: work and toxic living conditions. Okay, I know the anical

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Speaker 2: nature has actually lasted well into the nineteen fifties, so

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Speaker 2: good for them. But let's get back into the timeline.

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Speaker 2: If you know anything about history, you know what significant

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Speaker 2: event takes place in Russia in nineteen seventeen. The Russian

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Speaker 2: Revolution would reverberate across the landscape of workers struggles for

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Speaker 2: decades to come. In the next episode, we'll see how

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Speaker 2: the Bolsheviks rise would shape the anarchist movement in Cuba

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Speaker 2: leading up to the rise of Castro, as well as

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Speaker 2: how anarchists have endured since then. Until then, It could

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Speaker 2: happen here, and this is Androism all out to all

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Speaker 2: the people face.

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Speaker 1: It could happen here. As a production of cool Zone Media.

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Speaker 1: For more podcasts from cooal Zone Media, visitor website cool

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00:29:59,040 --> 00:30:01,880
Speaker 1: Zonemedia dot com, or check us out on the iHeartRadio app,

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Speaker 1: Apple Podcasts, or wherever you listen to podcasts. You can

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Speaker 1: find sources for It could Happen here. Updated monthly at

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Speaker 1: coolzonemedia dot com Slash Sources thanks for listening.