1 00:00:05,720 --> 00:00:10,640 Speaker 1: Welcome to it could happen on the Internet the only podcast. 2 00:00:10,960 --> 00:00:15,320 Speaker 1: I'm Robert evans Um and today we've got St. Andrew 3 00:00:15,480 --> 00:00:19,080 Speaker 1: back in the studio. We don't actually have a studio. 4 00:00:19,239 --> 00:00:21,200 Speaker 1: That was a lie. That was a lie that I 5 00:00:20,840 --> 00:00:24,000 Speaker 1: do think I was cooler, St. Andrew. How are you 6 00:00:24,000 --> 00:00:28,120 Speaker 1: doing today? I am good, I'm good. Andrew dropped the saint. 7 00:00:28,480 --> 00:00:31,320 Speaker 1: Oh shit, I'm sorry. You're right, you're right, you're right. 8 00:00:31,520 --> 00:00:34,960 Speaker 1: We should probably. I'm sorry. That's good because I'm no 9 00:00:35,040 --> 00:00:39,919 Speaker 1: longer a scene. You got to sainted. So okay, if 10 00:00:39,960 --> 00:00:44,440 Speaker 1: I understand Catholicism, right, that means you undid someone else's 11 00:00:44,440 --> 00:00:51,319 Speaker 1: three miracles. I know nothing about Catholicism. Okay, well, pretty sure. 12 00:00:51,360 --> 00:00:56,480 Speaker 1: We have the Protestants Protestant ground. My knowledge of Catholicism 13 00:00:56,560 --> 00:00:57,640 Speaker 1: is that to be a saint, you have to do 14 00:00:57,720 --> 00:00:59,800 Speaker 1: a couple of miracles, but the last one is always 15 00:01:00,000 --> 00:01:02,520 Speaker 1: something to do with being dead, Like they just decide 16 00:01:02,560 --> 00:01:04,319 Speaker 1: that whatever you do when you're a corpse, it's like, oh, 17 00:01:04,360 --> 00:01:11,240 Speaker 1: it's a miracle. Oh Catholicism, Andrew, what are we talking 18 00:01:11,280 --> 00:01:15,039 Speaker 1: about today? Um? Today we're gonna be talking about something 19 00:01:15,200 --> 00:01:19,240 Speaker 1: that I would see more traditional Catholics we have some 20 00:01:19,280 --> 00:01:23,240 Speaker 1: disagreements with Christians. We have some disagreements with them. That is, 21 00:01:23,360 --> 00:01:27,479 Speaker 1: I mean, that is our entire audience, is that this 22 00:01:27,480 --> 00:01:32,160 Speaker 1: this podcast is completely listened to by the Pope's Swiss 23 00:01:32,200 --> 00:01:37,399 Speaker 1: guards Vaticans. Yeah, we we have deep penetration in the Vatican. 24 00:01:39,800 --> 00:01:42,160 Speaker 1: That's an interesting choice of woods considering the end of 25 00:01:42,200 --> 00:01:49,000 Speaker 1: Pride month. But yeah, alright, so, um yeah, what are 26 00:01:49,000 --> 00:01:54,320 Speaker 1: we talking about. We'll be talking about human evolution, particularly 27 00:01:54,440 --> 00:01:59,000 Speaker 1: favorite kind of seems to human corporation. Okay, the origins 28 00:01:59,040 --> 00:02:02,280 Speaker 1: of human corporation. O. Yeah, I love this ship. I 29 00:02:02,320 --> 00:02:04,919 Speaker 1: think that, you know, people tend to emphasize human competition 30 00:02:05,160 --> 00:02:10,079 Speaker 1: a lot um because capitalism wants us to believe that 31 00:02:10,600 --> 00:02:14,400 Speaker 1: we have these competitive you know, dog eat dog. I 32 00:02:14,400 --> 00:02:16,400 Speaker 1: don't know where that term came from, By the way, 33 00:02:16,400 --> 00:02:19,120 Speaker 1: I've always been curious about that. Um. As far as 34 00:02:19,120 --> 00:02:23,560 Speaker 1: I know, dogs don't eat each other. Um. But it's 35 00:02:23,560 --> 00:02:27,919 Speaker 1: interesting phase and I think it's kind of apt here. Um. 36 00:02:28,000 --> 00:02:31,760 Speaker 1: This is this idea that that that we're just competing 37 00:02:31,800 --> 00:02:34,440 Speaker 1: all the time, that we're fighting is it's a survival 38 00:02:34,480 --> 00:02:37,320 Speaker 1: of the fittest, and only the strong survive. You know, 39 00:02:37,360 --> 00:02:42,120 Speaker 1: when people talk, you know, casually about prehistoric times. Is 40 00:02:42,200 --> 00:02:47,480 Speaker 1: this very it represents the stories that we've been told 41 00:02:47,480 --> 00:02:50,000 Speaker 1: about it, and as a result, it tends to be 42 00:02:50,120 --> 00:02:56,200 Speaker 1: very you know, competitive, highly patriarchal, highly violent, just constant 43 00:02:56,240 --> 00:02:58,600 Speaker 1: into put some violence. I mean that was the justification 44 00:02:59,360 --> 00:03:03,360 Speaker 1: used to you know, reinforce the state rights like or 45 00:03:03,400 --> 00:03:07,720 Speaker 1: the state of nature's everybody against themselves. And so as 46 00:03:07,720 --> 00:03:10,320 Speaker 1: a result, you know, a state had to be introduced. 47 00:03:10,320 --> 00:03:13,400 Speaker 1: We treated some of our freedoms for the safety that 48 00:03:13,480 --> 00:03:17,079 Speaker 1: the state is supposed to provide. But as far back 49 00:03:17,160 --> 00:03:21,480 Speaker 1: as Brudon and really even further, because let's be real, 50 00:03:21,520 --> 00:03:25,360 Speaker 1: it's a very European concept. That's something that can be 51 00:03:25,400 --> 00:03:29,560 Speaker 1: protected towards all human societies and all human philosophies. UM. 52 00:03:29,560 --> 00:03:32,040 Speaker 1: But Prudon was one of the first white guys, I guess, 53 00:03:32,600 --> 00:03:37,160 Speaker 1: in his time period and in his fields, really challenge 54 00:03:37,240 --> 00:03:40,840 Speaker 1: that notion with you know, mutually a fact of evolution. 55 00:03:41,680 --> 00:03:44,760 Speaker 1: Of course, the studies and stuff that he would have done, um, 56 00:03:44,840 --> 00:03:47,480 Speaker 1: the knowledge that he would have shared upon you know, 57 00:03:47,480 --> 00:03:50,760 Speaker 1: known unstudied by people before him, but he was one 58 00:03:50,760 --> 00:03:52,920 Speaker 1: of the first really bring all that knowledge together into 59 00:03:53,000 --> 00:04:00,840 Speaker 1: one place. UM. Years later, UM an anthropologist and armatologists 60 00:04:01,360 --> 00:04:03,520 Speaker 1: was born. I mean, she wasn't born that, but she 61 00:04:03,600 --> 00:04:06,920 Speaker 1: became that later in life. In ninety six, that would 62 00:04:06,960 --> 00:04:10,040 Speaker 1: be Sarah Blaff for Hordy. And so she made many 63 00:04:10,120 --> 00:04:16,960 Speaker 1: major contributions revolutionary psychology and sociology biology, especially pioneering our 64 00:04:17,160 --> 00:04:21,880 Speaker 1: modern understanding of the evolutionary basis of female behavior in 65 00:04:21,920 --> 00:04:26,039 Speaker 1: both non human and human primates. In two thousand two, 66 00:04:26,040 --> 00:04:28,760 Speaker 1: she was recognized as one of the fifth most Important 67 00:04:28,800 --> 00:04:33,800 Speaker 1: Women in Science, and in fourteen, Mothers and Others, together 68 00:04:33,839 --> 00:04:38,120 Speaker 1: with her earlier work, earned plready the National Academies Award 69 00:04:38,160 --> 00:04:42,000 Speaker 1: for Scientific Reviewing in honor of her insightful and visionary 70 00:04:42,040 --> 00:04:44,960 Speaker 1: synthesis of a broad range of data and concepts from 71 00:04:45,000 --> 00:04:49,000 Speaker 1: across the social and biological sciences to illuminate the importance 72 00:04:49,040 --> 00:04:53,040 Speaker 1: of biosocial processes among mothers, in funds, and other social 73 00:04:53,320 --> 00:04:58,120 Speaker 1: actors informing the evolutionary crucival of human societies. In essence, 74 00:04:58,400 --> 00:05:01,680 Speaker 1: she got an award because she recognized the fact that 75 00:05:01,720 --> 00:05:04,799 Speaker 1: the relationship between mother and child and you know how 76 00:05:04,960 --> 00:05:12,400 Speaker 1: humans raise their children, Um, it's vital in our evolution 77 00:05:12,560 --> 00:05:18,000 Speaker 1: and becoming human. Yeah, I mean that's um, yeah, that's fascinating. 78 00:05:18,480 --> 00:05:21,120 Speaker 1: I didn't know any of that. Yeah, I mean humans, 79 00:05:21,200 --> 00:05:24,480 Speaker 1: they we we do recognize now I'm starting to recognize 80 00:05:24,520 --> 00:05:29,600 Speaker 1: more and more parati parmatologists at least that um humans, 81 00:05:31,200 --> 00:05:34,799 Speaker 1: I let other great apes rather, they do care, they shay, 82 00:05:34,800 --> 00:05:38,159 Speaker 1: and they empathize a lot more than we may have 83 00:05:38,160 --> 00:05:44,760 Speaker 1: originally thought. But humans still when at you know, the 84 00:05:44,880 --> 00:05:48,720 Speaker 1: caring competition, I think we because of even something like 85 00:05:48,760 --> 00:05:52,840 Speaker 1: all official anatomy um and how we structure society use 86 00:05:52,960 --> 00:05:56,240 Speaker 1: is probably one of the more pro social of you know, 87 00:05:56,560 --> 00:05:59,799 Speaker 1: the other great apes. Yeah, it's interesting whenever I because 88 00:05:59,800 --> 00:06:02,719 Speaker 1: I've I've read stuff about like empathy and apes, but 89 00:06:02,760 --> 00:06:05,719 Speaker 1: it's always in the context of the ones that we 90 00:06:05,760 --> 00:06:08,360 Speaker 1: taught sign language to. The one I'm remember in particularly 91 00:06:08,440 --> 00:06:11,359 Speaker 1: is and I'm I'm spacing on the name that the 92 00:06:11,400 --> 00:06:14,440 Speaker 1: scientists gave her, but one of the apes, yeah, Cocoa, 93 00:06:14,480 --> 00:06:18,479 Speaker 1: when her reaction to like nine eleven um because it 94 00:06:18,520 --> 00:06:21,040 Speaker 1: was apparently like on the TV or some ship wouldn't happened, 95 00:06:21,040 --> 00:06:25,600 Speaker 1: but like I never here emphasized the same degree um 96 00:06:25,720 --> 00:06:28,360 Speaker 1: or you know, maybe I just have not sought it out, 97 00:06:28,400 --> 00:06:32,360 Speaker 1: but it's certainly kind of less uh less discussed as 98 00:06:32,440 --> 00:06:36,960 Speaker 1: like evidence of empathy within um within like the societies 99 00:06:36,960 --> 00:06:38,839 Speaker 1: that they built, I guess like would be the term 100 00:06:38,920 --> 00:06:41,039 Speaker 1: for them, the little their communities, I don't know, whatever 101 00:06:41,040 --> 00:06:45,320 Speaker 1: you wanna call them. Yeah, yeah, I was interesting as well, 102 00:06:45,360 --> 00:06:49,359 Speaker 1: I mean, was a guerrilla and regarding her sign language 103 00:06:49,400 --> 00:06:53,800 Speaker 1: is actually interesting video sc talking about how you know 104 00:06:53,920 --> 00:06:57,359 Speaker 1: about sign language. Then we assume, but Couco is a 105 00:06:57,360 --> 00:07:01,120 Speaker 1: gorilla and humans are well closely related to two groups 106 00:07:01,480 --> 00:07:06,920 Speaker 1: who was being bunobos and chimpanzees, And we tend to 107 00:07:06,960 --> 00:07:10,080 Speaker 1: look at chimpanzees, which tends to be more you know, violent, 108 00:07:10,840 --> 00:07:14,120 Speaker 1: and people use them as an example for this how 109 00:07:14,200 --> 00:07:16,400 Speaker 1: humans naturally are despite the fact that you know, we 110 00:07:16,440 --> 00:07:20,320 Speaker 1: have millions of years evolution diverging from chimpanzees. You know, 111 00:07:20,360 --> 00:07:23,720 Speaker 1: the last common ancestor was like six or seven million 112 00:07:23,760 --> 00:07:27,280 Speaker 1: years ago. Yeah that that's a bit just like yeah, 113 00:07:27,880 --> 00:07:31,840 Speaker 1: like I got five or six years and I consider 114 00:07:31,920 --> 00:07:37,280 Speaker 1: us pretty like pretty far apart. Yeah yeah, I mean, 115 00:07:37,360 --> 00:07:40,360 Speaker 1: and the on top of that, like there was enough 116 00:07:40,400 --> 00:07:44,720 Speaker 1: time for some serious dip regences. It's not happening, you know, 117 00:07:45,320 --> 00:07:50,680 Speaker 1: like the fact that humans, you know, walk up right 118 00:07:51,040 --> 00:07:54,480 Speaker 1: and chimpanzee is they still have you know that four 119 00:07:54,600 --> 00:07:59,920 Speaker 1: legged Gate. It's actually something that I learned recently, if 120 00:08:00,000 --> 00:08:03,280 Speaker 1: all them two separate occasions, that being that particular kind 121 00:08:03,280 --> 00:08:07,960 Speaker 1: of knuckle walk. Um. Yeah, I just want that kind 122 00:08:08,000 --> 00:08:12,720 Speaker 1: of fascinating kind of besides the point. Um, but yeah, 123 00:08:12,760 --> 00:08:14,800 Speaker 1: I mean, we we tend to look at chimpanzee as 124 00:08:14,800 --> 00:08:18,920 Speaker 1: our closest example, but nobles which are a lot more social, 125 00:08:19,200 --> 00:08:22,800 Speaker 1: I would say, a lot more cooperative and less violent, 126 00:08:22,800 --> 00:08:26,600 Speaker 1: and chimpanzees actually share a lot of you know, similarities 127 00:08:26,640 --> 00:08:29,240 Speaker 1: in terms of you all behavior, and they're also one 128 00:08:29,240 --> 00:08:32,400 Speaker 1: of the few animal species that have been you know, 129 00:08:32,760 --> 00:08:36,920 Speaker 1: recognized as having sex for pleasure and not just procreation. 130 00:08:38,040 --> 00:08:42,080 Speaker 1: So good for them. When we talk about evolution, a 131 00:08:42,080 --> 00:08:44,600 Speaker 1: lot of it has been shaped by Darwin, even though 132 00:08:46,200 --> 00:08:50,120 Speaker 1: science is not about figures and big figures and their 133 00:08:50,160 --> 00:08:54,560 Speaker 1: big ideas, it's about the ideas themselves. Um. But still, 134 00:08:55,320 --> 00:08:58,320 Speaker 1: seeing as Darwin was the one who really introduced, no, 135 00:08:58,559 --> 00:09:02,640 Speaker 1: the idea of competition, the idea of of all that 136 00:09:02,720 --> 00:09:08,000 Speaker 1: in evolution, those sorts of notions which came really out 137 00:09:08,000 --> 00:09:13,440 Speaker 1: of his time and industrializing competitive wood. Um, it really 138 00:09:13,520 --> 00:09:16,840 Speaker 1: overstates the rule of competition as of driving force and evolution, 139 00:09:20,200 --> 00:09:25,959 Speaker 1: when in reality cooperation was far more potent force when 140 00:09:26,000 --> 00:09:29,960 Speaker 1: it comes to like pro social human tendencies, UM, you know, 141 00:09:30,000 --> 00:09:32,559 Speaker 1: doing things to benefit others. That's what pro social is. 142 00:09:34,200 --> 00:09:37,960 Speaker 1: Dr Hardie really comes down on the cooperation side of 143 00:09:38,000 --> 00:09:40,839 Speaker 1: things in her book Mothers and Others especially, brings together 144 00:09:40,880 --> 00:09:45,280 Speaker 1: all this evidence that we are basically descendants of a 145 00:09:45,360 --> 00:09:49,480 Speaker 1: place to see in species of cooperative breeders. Corporative breeding 146 00:09:50,280 --> 00:09:55,040 Speaker 1: is a practice amongst some animal species. UM. Other mammals 147 00:09:55,040 --> 00:09:57,000 Speaker 1: do it, but I think we are one of the few. 148 00:09:58,360 --> 00:10:00,440 Speaker 1: We were were the only create a to do it. 149 00:10:00,720 --> 00:10:03,600 Speaker 1: And there are other primates to do it, or the 150 00:10:03,640 --> 00:10:07,319 Speaker 1: monkeys to do it, but none closely related to us. 151 00:10:08,760 --> 00:10:14,040 Speaker 1: Cooperative breeding is basically practice or the reproductive strategy UM 152 00:10:14,080 --> 00:10:21,160 Speaker 1: where alla parental care is provided to the offspring of 153 00:10:22,400 --> 00:10:25,280 Speaker 1: you know, the children of sitting parents in the group. 154 00:10:26,920 --> 00:10:31,920 Speaker 1: All parental care is basically the practice of UM. It's 155 00:10:31,960 --> 00:10:38,520 Speaker 1: basically non direct parents care care provided by individuals other 156 00:10:38,559 --> 00:10:44,400 Speaker 1: than the parents. And so by having that networking place, 157 00:10:44,480 --> 00:10:48,080 Speaker 1: by having the process of our parenting in place, that's 158 00:10:48,080 --> 00:10:50,000 Speaker 1: how we were able to be so successful as a 159 00:10:50,040 --> 00:10:55,440 Speaker 1: species and distribution you know, um, you know, establishing ourselves 160 00:10:55,480 --> 00:11:00,440 Speaker 1: in all these different environments because humans spread barely rapidly 161 00:11:00,480 --> 00:11:03,360 Speaker 1: around the globe and we used to. We've established ourselves 162 00:11:03,360 --> 00:11:08,760 Speaker 1: and created cultures and all sorts of unique environments, and honestly, 163 00:11:08,800 --> 00:11:12,920 Speaker 1: we are the most successful out of the primates, not 164 00:11:13,000 --> 00:11:16,000 Speaker 1: regard so kudus to us um. And that is because 165 00:11:16,080 --> 00:11:23,200 Speaker 1: of corporative breeding. Did you just woo Probert? Yeah, of course, yes, 166 00:11:23,360 --> 00:11:27,319 Speaker 1: like we have to, we have to racial the rest 167 00:11:27,320 --> 00:11:30,400 Speaker 1: of the primates, you know, very very based a us. 168 00:11:33,080 --> 00:11:37,680 Speaker 1: We literally reassoed them. Literally, we're re feeling everything on 169 00:11:37,720 --> 00:11:42,520 Speaker 1: this goddamn planet except for chickens. And no, except for chickens. 170 00:11:42,040 --> 00:11:48,360 Speaker 1: Corn is definitely ratioed us. Yeah, for sure. For sure 171 00:11:48,720 --> 00:11:52,040 Speaker 1: cows too. Man, Oh, yeah, that's true. That's true. How 172 00:11:52,200 --> 00:11:59,440 Speaker 1: is chickens? And there's there's one for sure. We have 173 00:11:59,480 --> 00:12:01,559 Speaker 1: a lot of that. Yeah. But I mean there's many 174 00:12:01,559 --> 00:12:03,920 Speaker 1: different species of goods and there's only one species a 175 00:12:03,920 --> 00:12:08,440 Speaker 1: few months. Yeah, you know. I mean, what's the population 176 00:12:08,480 --> 00:12:12,400 Speaker 1: of dogs? Oh? It's actually every time I look, it's 177 00:12:12,440 --> 00:12:19,000 Speaker 1: less than you'd expect. What nine million? Yes, that's ridiculous, 178 00:12:19,240 --> 00:12:22,240 Speaker 1: less than I have expected. I want more. Give me 179 00:12:22,320 --> 00:12:26,480 Speaker 1: more dogs millions like rookie numbers. Like I was going 180 00:12:26,520 --> 00:12:28,680 Speaker 1: to expect like at least a couple of billion just 181 00:12:28,760 --> 00:12:31,600 Speaker 1: based on but no, just nine. Yeah. Every time I 182 00:12:31,600 --> 00:12:33,960 Speaker 1: look it up, I recall being like, oh, there's not 183 00:12:34,000 --> 00:12:36,080 Speaker 1: as many dogs as I thought there were. I guess 184 00:12:36,080 --> 00:12:41,760 Speaker 1: they would in corporative Fredasu're not and only four dred 185 00:12:41,840 --> 00:12:45,360 Speaker 1: million cats. Those are rookie numbers. Cats. Come on, cats, 186 00:12:45,720 --> 00:12:50,800 Speaker 1: But it's actually probably I mean, party for the best. 187 00:12:50,960 --> 00:12:54,959 Speaker 1: I do a lot of damage, my dad always says. 188 00:12:55,040 --> 00:12:57,440 Speaker 1: My dad always says that we need more dogs in 189 00:12:57,440 --> 00:13:01,000 Speaker 1: the world to fix the fun up humans. Yeah, I 190 00:13:01,000 --> 00:13:04,000 Speaker 1: mean I feel a lot of pressure to put on dogs. 191 00:13:05,520 --> 00:13:09,600 Speaker 1: That's completely fair. I feel like that's really our job 192 00:13:09,720 --> 00:13:12,920 Speaker 1: to fix fucked up humans. Yeah, no, no, no, well, 193 00:13:12,960 --> 00:13:17,400 Speaker 1: I mean dogs for that. I mean cats and dogs 194 00:13:17,440 --> 00:13:18,920 Speaker 1: are pulling a lot of weights as it is. You 195 00:13:18,960 --> 00:13:22,720 Speaker 1: know they are. What are ferrets doing? Yeah? Fish doing? 196 00:13:22,800 --> 00:13:30,240 Speaker 1: What are ferrets? Question? Andrew ferrets? Fucking ferrets? Yeah, and 197 00:13:30,360 --> 00:13:32,880 Speaker 1: like fucking goldfish right, what are you guys? What do 198 00:13:32,960 --> 00:13:34,720 Speaker 1: you what a goldfish? What have they been doing lately? 199 00:13:34,760 --> 00:13:38,200 Speaker 1: Motherfucker's like, get off your asses and stop us from 200 00:13:38,320 --> 00:13:41,440 Speaker 1: killing people. Goldfish, stop the war in Ukraine? Goldfish, Come on, 201 00:13:41,720 --> 00:13:43,960 Speaker 1: I mean to get to cut gold fish some slack. 202 00:13:44,640 --> 00:13:47,600 Speaker 1: They're busy dying because people would want to take care 203 00:13:47,600 --> 00:13:51,280 Speaker 1: of them. Yeah, yeah, they're like all of the people 204 00:13:51,360 --> 00:13:54,440 Speaker 1: treat them like house plants. I didn't think we would 205 00:13:54,480 --> 00:13:58,440 Speaker 1: have Andrew being a goldfish to apologist on this podcast, 206 00:13:58,760 --> 00:14:01,640 Speaker 1: but correctly if I'm wrong, But I don't think cool 207 00:14:01,720 --> 00:14:05,880 Speaker 1: Bishop committed any like wool crimes or anything in my 208 00:14:06,000 --> 00:14:10,319 Speaker 1: rights to defend them. They haven't stopped any war crimes either. Plus, 209 00:14:10,360 --> 00:14:11,959 Speaker 1: I mean, this is my police snell kill talk, and 210 00:14:12,000 --> 00:14:15,760 Speaker 1: I've I've you know, I've I've neglected my fair shaff Yeah, 211 00:14:26,080 --> 00:14:29,000 Speaker 1: you know, speaking of cross species cooperation. When I was 212 00:14:29,240 --> 00:14:31,920 Speaker 1: younger and living in Texas, there was this one day 213 00:14:31,920 --> 00:14:34,200 Speaker 1: where like we're out on this in our like fucking 214 00:14:34,200 --> 00:14:37,360 Speaker 1: backyard area and we see walking through the alley behind 215 00:14:37,400 --> 00:14:41,560 Speaker 1: our houses this massive turtle probably three pounds like like 216 00:14:41,760 --> 00:14:45,840 Speaker 1: easily like three or four feet uh in in circumference 217 00:14:45,880 --> 00:14:48,400 Speaker 1: on his shelf, just like an enormous animal, just like 218 00:14:48,440 --> 00:14:52,000 Speaker 1: strolling around the neighborhood, not a species that you that 219 00:14:52,120 --> 00:14:55,320 Speaker 1: you see in Texas wild. So we like kind of 220 00:14:55,320 --> 00:14:57,760 Speaker 1: try to corral him. We can't lift him, he's massive, 221 00:14:57,840 --> 00:15:00,280 Speaker 1: but we like corral him into the into our yard 222 00:15:00,320 --> 00:15:03,000 Speaker 1: area and given some cucumbers, and eventually his person comes 223 00:15:03,040 --> 00:15:06,000 Speaker 1: around and the guy explains that like, yeah, when teenage 224 00:15:06,040 --> 00:15:07,960 Speaker 1: mut ninja turtles came out, a lot of people bought 225 00:15:07,960 --> 00:15:10,040 Speaker 1: a bunch of different kinds of turtles, thinking they were 226 00:15:10,040 --> 00:15:12,520 Speaker 1: good pets. But they didn't realize that there's a lot 227 00:15:12,520 --> 00:15:15,080 Speaker 1: of the turtles that get sold like never stopped growing, 228 00:15:15,200 --> 00:15:17,360 Speaker 1: Like if you keep them alive, they just keep getting bigger, 229 00:15:17,720 --> 00:15:22,120 Speaker 1: and so he like and they smell about only if 230 00:15:22,160 --> 00:15:25,720 Speaker 1: they're time. He had adopted this turtle and it lived 231 00:15:25,720 --> 00:15:28,680 Speaker 1: in his yard and he said like, yeah, he's really strong, 232 00:15:28,960 --> 00:15:30,800 Speaker 1: Like I have a good fence, but every two or 233 00:15:30,800 --> 00:15:33,240 Speaker 1: three years he'll just walk through it. Like most of 234 00:15:33,280 --> 00:15:34,880 Speaker 1: the time he chooses to stay in the yard, but 235 00:15:34,920 --> 00:15:37,360 Speaker 1: every couple of years he was, I'm just gonna go 236 00:15:37,400 --> 00:15:39,000 Speaker 1: on a walk and and he's like yeah, he just 237 00:15:39,040 --> 00:15:41,040 Speaker 1: like breaks through the fence. It takes him about a second, 238 00:15:41,160 --> 00:15:44,040 Speaker 1: like if he wants to do it. That's like, I 239 00:15:44,040 --> 00:15:46,920 Speaker 1: don't know if you've seen Baki, have you seen Backy? No? 240 00:15:48,040 --> 00:15:51,600 Speaker 1: Is this is this me um and no, this is 241 00:15:51,640 --> 00:15:53,760 Speaker 1: not my my web coming out story. I have not 242 00:15:53,880 --> 00:15:57,400 Speaker 1: read if you would much um in that recod, but 243 00:15:57,440 --> 00:16:00,480 Speaker 1: I started backy recently and the foost at apisode, they 244 00:16:00,600 --> 00:16:04,520 Speaker 1: established that all these people are coming to Tokyo, right, 245 00:16:04,960 --> 00:16:08,360 Speaker 1: but like since kind of fighting competition, and the way 246 00:16:08,360 --> 00:16:11,400 Speaker 1: that they established those people as are dangerous is that 247 00:16:11,400 --> 00:16:14,080 Speaker 1: these are all like criminals and like death through and 248 00:16:14,200 --> 00:16:16,920 Speaker 1: so like the in the process of being put to death, 249 00:16:17,080 --> 00:16:21,440 Speaker 1: like one person is, you know, being injected, only one 250 00:16:21,440 --> 00:16:24,880 Speaker 1: persons being electrocutes, psons being hung, and they all managed 251 00:16:24,920 --> 00:16:29,280 Speaker 1: to break free after they die and like break off 252 00:16:29,320 --> 00:16:32,520 Speaker 1: the prison easily. This one guy, he was imprisoned underwater. 253 00:16:33,000 --> 00:16:37,720 Speaker 1: He breaks out of the underwater prison and swims several 254 00:16:37,760 --> 00:16:40,280 Speaker 1: miles up to the surface and then swims all the 255 00:16:40,320 --> 00:16:44,760 Speaker 1: way to Tokyo. And it's like for some reason, not 256 00:16:44,880 --> 00:16:47,520 Speaker 1: too it will break it out of his inclusion or 257 00:16:47,520 --> 00:16:51,600 Speaker 1: whenever he chooses. Just reminded me of like they're trying 258 00:16:51,600 --> 00:16:54,920 Speaker 1: to establish his power levels. You No, he's he's too 259 00:16:54,920 --> 00:16:59,280 Speaker 1: powerful to be contained, um, And he's probably still alive 260 00:16:59,320 --> 00:17:03,200 Speaker 1: because they live forever um, which is again why they're 261 00:17:03,240 --> 00:17:06,959 Speaker 1: bad pets. Yeah, because what did you do about slavery? 262 00:17:07,400 --> 00:17:09,919 Speaker 1: Yeah yeah, yeah, well that he may not have been 263 00:17:09,960 --> 00:17:12,679 Speaker 1: around for slavery. But what did you do? What are 264 00:17:12,680 --> 00:17:14,639 Speaker 1: you going to do the next time there's slavery turtle? 265 00:17:14,920 --> 00:17:16,480 Speaker 1: You know, are you going to stop it? I don't 266 00:17:16,480 --> 00:17:19,760 Speaker 1: think so. You're a turtle, may mean next time? Is 267 00:17:19,800 --> 00:17:23,880 Speaker 1: this something you should be telling me? What is attention 268 00:17:23,920 --> 00:17:27,680 Speaker 1: to the Supreme Court? It's not. Well in the future, 269 00:17:27,840 --> 00:17:34,159 Speaker 1: that's sure, that's sure. What leave the turtles out of this? Well, 270 00:17:34,200 --> 00:17:37,080 Speaker 1: if they stop the Supreme Court, I will stop shooting 271 00:17:37,119 --> 00:17:39,160 Speaker 1: on the turtle. Is you're just doing that meme from 272 00:17:39,920 --> 00:17:43,360 Speaker 1: where people were like I gave up my plastic straws 273 00:17:43,400 --> 00:17:47,720 Speaker 1: for the turtles. Where are they now? That was a thing? Yeah, 274 00:17:47,760 --> 00:17:53,800 Speaker 1: it was bad. I don't remember that. It's like, come on, well, 275 00:17:55,280 --> 00:17:58,680 Speaker 1: I will see that. I mean, at least what corporative 276 00:17:58,680 --> 00:18:03,200 Speaker 1: bredos and I think our our tendency of propertive breeding 277 00:18:03,200 --> 00:18:06,280 Speaker 1: tendency probably has something to do with the fact that 278 00:18:06,320 --> 00:18:10,359 Speaker 1: we adopt other species as pets and as members of 279 00:18:10,359 --> 00:18:15,280 Speaker 1: our family, because you don't really see other animals doing that. No, 280 00:18:16,119 --> 00:18:18,280 Speaker 1: you know, um, I think there's there's some kind of 281 00:18:18,320 --> 00:18:23,439 Speaker 1: like fish or crustation or something that that keeps another species, 282 00:18:24,400 --> 00:18:29,720 Speaker 1: like as live stock. Yeah, there's a couple of species 283 00:18:29,760 --> 00:18:32,399 Speaker 1: to do versions of that for sure, right, But I 284 00:18:32,400 --> 00:18:37,800 Speaker 1: mean we love our dogs and our cats, our ferrets 285 00:18:37,800 --> 00:18:44,720 Speaker 1: and our snakes and our tarantulas and our ferrets question moods. Yeah, 286 00:18:45,680 --> 00:18:48,960 Speaker 1: people are trying to like domesticate foxes. We could love 287 00:18:49,040 --> 00:18:52,160 Speaker 1: them too. You know. It's the people. There are people 288 00:18:52,200 --> 00:18:56,520 Speaker 1: who who keep big cats that people who keep like ms, 289 00:18:57,240 --> 00:19:00,240 Speaker 1: people who keep all kinds. We just you know, it's 290 00:19:00,240 --> 00:19:01,879 Speaker 1: like we've got to catch them all, you know, like 291 00:19:01,960 --> 00:19:03,639 Speaker 1: we just want to take all these creatures and we 292 00:19:03,680 --> 00:19:07,359 Speaker 1: wanted to love them. I don't know that says about 293 00:19:07,440 --> 00:19:12,680 Speaker 1: us other than the fact that our cooperative nature extends 294 00:19:12,720 --> 00:19:16,600 Speaker 1: beyond the boundaries of you know, us as a species. 295 00:19:17,720 --> 00:19:22,080 Speaker 1: We hrated very high levels of mutual tolerance of perspective 296 00:19:22,160 --> 00:19:25,919 Speaker 1: taken and other pro social impulses from ancestors who use 297 00:19:26,040 --> 00:19:30,720 Speaker 1: our parental care and provision of the young two survive. 298 00:19:31,400 --> 00:19:36,040 Speaker 1: I mean, we didn't invent complex corporation. Our pre human 299 00:19:36,080 --> 00:19:44,400 Speaker 1: ancestors did, but we elaborated upon it. Yeah, it's um. 300 00:19:44,440 --> 00:19:46,280 Speaker 1: It's always interesting to me to think about that. I 301 00:19:46,280 --> 00:19:48,879 Speaker 1: think back up to when of the first time I 302 00:19:48,920 --> 00:19:51,040 Speaker 1: ever went to a war zone was Ukraine and it 303 00:19:51,119 --> 00:19:52,560 Speaker 1: was this we were in this little town called of 304 00:19:52,600 --> 00:19:55,119 Speaker 1: Dificult that was getting shelled by the Russians, and there 305 00:19:55,200 --> 00:19:57,480 Speaker 1: was this big the way they do the heating over there, 306 00:19:58,240 --> 00:20:00,879 Speaker 1: they have these events going underneath, the tubes going underneath 307 00:20:00,880 --> 00:20:03,320 Speaker 1: all the houses to supply them with like gas and stuff. 308 00:20:03,359 --> 00:20:06,600 Speaker 1: And there's this this big was this big central like 309 00:20:06,800 --> 00:20:09,800 Speaker 1: kind of box thing and one there's a few of 310 00:20:09,800 --> 00:20:11,720 Speaker 1: them in the town and stuff that like is the 311 00:20:12,200 --> 00:20:17,000 Speaker 1: I don't know, I guess it's like the like nexus 312 00:20:17,080 --> 00:20:21,000 Speaker 1: of a bunch of different houses all whatever heating systems, 313 00:20:21,040 --> 00:20:24,000 Speaker 1: so it's warm, and the people they're like when the 314 00:20:24,000 --> 00:20:26,120 Speaker 1: war started, a bunch of people fled and they left 315 00:20:26,720 --> 00:20:28,760 Speaker 1: pets behind, you know, sometimes they didn't really have a 316 00:20:28,840 --> 00:20:31,560 Speaker 1: choice because it's war. Um. So there were all these 317 00:20:31,560 --> 00:20:34,320 Speaker 1: cats and dogs, and soon all these breeding cats and dogs, 318 00:20:34,359 --> 00:20:37,000 Speaker 1: all these kittens and puppies, and people who lived there 319 00:20:37,040 --> 00:20:39,840 Speaker 1: had like turned that little junction box for the heating 320 00:20:39,880 --> 00:20:43,720 Speaker 1: system into this like massive kind of open air cat 321 00:20:43,800 --> 00:20:47,040 Speaker 1: and dog sanctuary. So like there were all of these 322 00:20:47,119 --> 00:20:49,280 Speaker 1: like dozens and dozens of puppies and kittens just like 323 00:20:49,359 --> 00:20:53,240 Speaker 1: living together in this big heating box. Um in the 324 00:20:53,240 --> 00:20:55,199 Speaker 1: middle of this like being taken care of by all 325 00:20:55,200 --> 00:20:57,840 Speaker 1: these local ladies who would scrounge up food every morning 326 00:20:57,880 --> 00:21:01,359 Speaker 1: and make sure that they were all taken care of. UM. 327 00:21:01,400 --> 00:21:03,040 Speaker 1: And it was interesting because you could see all these 328 00:21:03,119 --> 00:21:05,600 Speaker 1: like cats and dogs living together and all of these 329 00:21:05,600 --> 00:21:09,520 Speaker 1: people coming together to take care of animals they didn't know. UM. 330 00:21:09,560 --> 00:21:11,840 Speaker 1: At the same time, like all of the people were 331 00:21:11,960 --> 00:21:14,480 Speaker 1: doing their level best to murder the folks like a 332 00:21:14,520 --> 00:21:18,240 Speaker 1: mile and a half away and vice versa. UM. So 333 00:21:18,440 --> 00:21:23,159 Speaker 1: we contain multitudes of human beings, definitely, I mean that 334 00:21:23,320 --> 00:21:25,560 Speaker 1: that's possible too. Rite like the fact that we are 335 00:21:25,640 --> 00:21:30,639 Speaker 1: soon eager to like share another emotional states, you know, 336 00:21:30,760 --> 00:21:36,600 Speaker 1: to empathize and do weither we assume eager to involve 337 00:21:36,640 --> 00:21:39,840 Speaker 1: ourselves and and give and share with those who are 338 00:21:40,119 --> 00:21:43,480 Speaker 1: unrelated to us. I mean, there are a lot of 339 00:21:43,480 --> 00:21:47,520 Speaker 1: species that do not realise the young at all, um. 340 00:21:47,520 --> 00:21:49,960 Speaker 1: And then there was the do and try to kill 341 00:21:50,000 --> 00:21:53,560 Speaker 1: other people's young, and then there was that tjest to 342 00:21:53,600 --> 00:21:58,359 Speaker 1: care of their own young. But you know, we even 343 00:21:58,440 --> 00:22:01,800 Speaker 1: in this like super individual realistic capitalists will we still 344 00:22:01,840 --> 00:22:05,920 Speaker 1: find ways to look out for each other. And I 345 00:22:05,960 --> 00:22:10,040 Speaker 1: think that's beautiful. Yeah, of course, you know, cooperative reading 346 00:22:10,080 --> 00:22:13,960 Speaker 1: doesn't mean that there's like constant like part either dynast 347 00:22:14,080 --> 00:22:19,680 Speaker 1: or like cooperation and yeah, all the time it's still 348 00:22:19,680 --> 00:22:24,960 Speaker 1: can't be competition, which you know all these different things. Yeah, 349 00:22:25,280 --> 00:22:33,600 Speaker 1: but behaviorally, anatomically, and emotionally modern humans cooperative breeders. And 350 00:22:33,640 --> 00:22:37,760 Speaker 1: the crazy part is those you know, three um traits 351 00:22:37,800 --> 00:22:40,400 Speaker 1: you know, behavior and not to be in an emotion, 352 00:22:41,119 --> 00:22:47,000 Speaker 1: those illustrats not evolved simultaneously. So for example, or physical 353 00:22:47,119 --> 00:22:49,480 Speaker 1: features like our eyes and the fact that our eyes 354 00:22:49,680 --> 00:22:52,439 Speaker 1: are are able to you know, we can see the 355 00:22:52,440 --> 00:22:56,200 Speaker 1: whites and our eyes and that way we can put 356 00:22:56,240 --> 00:22:58,720 Speaker 1: ourselves in the people's perspectives and that kind of thing. 357 00:22:58,760 --> 00:23:01,520 Speaker 1: We could see the emotions clearly, you know, the fact 358 00:23:01,600 --> 00:23:05,720 Speaker 1: that we are we were prone to sharing our smiles, 359 00:23:05,880 --> 00:23:11,280 Speaker 1: and the fact that, um, you know, our vocal courts 360 00:23:11,320 --> 00:23:13,680 Speaker 1: have such range, would be able to communicate to many 361 00:23:13,680 --> 00:23:19,680 Speaker 1: different things. Um. While these are hallmarks of the fact 362 00:23:19,760 --> 00:23:26,800 Speaker 1: that you know, even before our super big brains developed, 363 00:23:27,760 --> 00:23:29,960 Speaker 1: we were ready getting these treats that would have helped 364 00:23:30,040 --> 00:23:34,880 Speaker 1: us in cooperation. But I wanted a lot of time though, 365 00:23:35,119 --> 00:23:36,639 Speaker 1: because you know a lot of the shapes we developed 366 00:23:36,640 --> 00:23:40,919 Speaker 1: before language. Um, it's like what was the first word 367 00:23:41,080 --> 00:23:44,439 Speaker 1: of humanity. You know, what was the first sentence, what 368 00:23:44,480 --> 00:23:48,080 Speaker 1: was the first thing like we said, and how did 369 00:23:48,080 --> 00:23:52,640 Speaker 1: other people react when the person said it. I can 370 00:23:52,680 --> 00:23:57,879 Speaker 1: imagine that, you know, like agriculture, something that's developed independently, UM, 371 00:23:57,920 --> 00:24:03,639 Speaker 1: on multiple different occasions in different places. But I still wonder, 372 00:24:03,960 --> 00:24:09,120 Speaker 1: like what those Foost conversations might have been A vote, Yeah, 373 00:24:09,160 --> 00:24:10,960 Speaker 1: I mean I think a lot of them probably would 374 00:24:10,960 --> 00:24:13,399 Speaker 1: have been arguments with other people who didn't want us 375 00:24:13,440 --> 00:24:19,000 Speaker 1: to do words, UM, who were ultimately right, you know, 376 00:24:19,640 --> 00:24:25,680 Speaker 1: if if only yeah, yeah, I don't know, it's interesting, 377 00:24:25,760 --> 00:24:28,800 Speaker 1: like I think it probably like we we just did 378 00:24:28,880 --> 00:24:32,480 Speaker 1: a couple of episodes about the history of of of 379 00:24:32,680 --> 00:24:35,840 Speaker 1: gynecology UM, and one of the things that we talked 380 00:24:35,880 --> 00:24:38,880 Speaker 1: about at the start was like the prehistory of medicine, 381 00:24:38,960 --> 00:24:42,880 Speaker 1: which which likely began in an organized way UM by 382 00:24:43,040 --> 00:24:45,600 Speaker 1: like likely the first people practicing medicine in any way. 383 00:24:45,640 --> 00:24:48,560 Speaker 1: We're pregnant women and women who had been pregnant trying 384 00:24:48,560 --> 00:24:52,040 Speaker 1: to help each other survive pregnancy, right, UM. And I 385 00:24:52,080 --> 00:24:54,879 Speaker 1: wouldn't be surprised if that, I mean, food gathering is 386 00:24:54,920 --> 00:24:56,959 Speaker 1: obviously the other one, but I wouldn't be surprised if 387 00:24:57,000 --> 00:25:00,359 Speaker 1: like language started as a way to try and like 388 00:25:00,560 --> 00:25:07,040 Speaker 1: communicate and better survive making babies because it's it's like 389 00:25:07,200 --> 00:25:12,040 Speaker 1: super dangerous and also entirely necessary, um and and something 390 00:25:12,080 --> 00:25:15,760 Speaker 1: that kind of particularly benefits from communication. So I don't know, 391 00:25:15,800 --> 00:25:17,720 Speaker 1: I wouldn't be shocked if that was like the first 392 00:25:17,720 --> 00:25:22,080 Speaker 1: thing we talked about, so to speak. Mm hm, that 393 00:25:22,160 --> 00:25:25,040 Speaker 1: makes sense. But I'm also thinking as well, and it 394 00:25:25,280 --> 00:25:29,280 Speaker 1: just occurred to me it's pretty possible that like that 395 00:25:29,359 --> 00:25:33,119 Speaker 1: the first language was not spoken language. I feel like 396 00:25:33,760 --> 00:25:35,800 Speaker 1: it may have been like a form of sign language, 397 00:25:37,000 --> 00:25:39,439 Speaker 1: you know, because you know, we have these hands, and 398 00:25:39,920 --> 00:25:43,320 Speaker 1: people tend to talk with their hands, so yeah, oh yes, 399 00:25:43,400 --> 00:25:46,040 Speaker 1: I think the hypothesis is that, you know, we use 400 00:25:46,160 --> 00:25:50,959 Speaker 1: the hands to communicate things before we started speaking. I mean, 401 00:25:51,000 --> 00:25:53,800 Speaker 1: the fact that we were able to teach apes, you know, 402 00:25:54,440 --> 00:25:58,200 Speaker 1: other apes to use sign language, I think that's a 403 00:25:58,240 --> 00:26:03,399 Speaker 1: good sign that we can lead to communicate with that face. Yeah, 404 00:26:03,440 --> 00:26:06,640 Speaker 1: I mean, it's also you know, probably how our communication 405 00:26:06,720 --> 00:26:09,000 Speaker 1: with dogs started, because that's one of the things that 406 00:26:09,080 --> 00:26:11,600 Speaker 1: makes them special is they're pretty much alone in animals 407 00:26:11,600 --> 00:26:14,520 Speaker 1: and that they like and kind of instinctively grow up 408 00:26:14,760 --> 00:26:17,520 Speaker 1: understanding that when we gesture at them, it means stuff 409 00:26:17,520 --> 00:26:20,560 Speaker 1: like if you point, dogs will look where you're pointing 410 00:26:20,560 --> 00:26:22,440 Speaker 1: a lot of the time rather than at you, which 411 00:26:22,480 --> 00:26:24,760 Speaker 1: is like a rare trait in animals. So yeah, I 412 00:26:24,800 --> 00:26:28,320 Speaker 1: think you're probably right on the money there. Huh. I 413 00:26:28,320 --> 00:26:31,960 Speaker 1: didn't even think about that. That's true. That's true. And 414 00:26:32,000 --> 00:26:33,720 Speaker 1: of course that makes it fun because you could always 415 00:26:33,720 --> 00:26:40,639 Speaker 1: fake them out and throw something stupid. Yeah. Yeah, Anderson 416 00:26:40,720 --> 00:26:44,240 Speaker 1: doesn't fall for that ship, so I love she does 417 00:26:44,240 --> 00:26:46,240 Speaker 1: not fall for that. I can't fake her. I can't 418 00:26:46,280 --> 00:26:49,119 Speaker 1: fake her out. That's probably why she's the woman of 419 00:26:49,160 --> 00:26:52,920 Speaker 1: the host. I'm you're all wrong pretending to throw stuff 420 00:26:52,920 --> 00:26:55,560 Speaker 1: at a dog and then it goes running and then 421 00:26:55,560 --> 00:26:57,919 Speaker 1: it realizes that you faked it, Like that's the best. 422 00:26:59,040 --> 00:27:01,240 Speaker 1: I can't relate because if I try to do that, 423 00:27:01,280 --> 00:27:05,679 Speaker 1: she looks at me like a good try. Uh huh, okay, Sophie. 424 00:27:05,760 --> 00:27:08,840 Speaker 1: Where you need to go is corgy Con in San Francisco. 425 00:27:08,880 --> 00:27:12,160 Speaker 1: One of these years will they let Anderson? And even 426 00:27:12,160 --> 00:27:15,720 Speaker 1: though she's only she does she's only party. There's nothing, 427 00:27:16,080 --> 00:27:20,280 Speaker 1: there's nothing but acceptance of corgy Con, acceptance and hundreds 428 00:27:20,280 --> 00:27:23,520 Speaker 1: of Corgis frolicking in the surf. It rules. She'll try 429 00:27:23,560 --> 00:27:26,960 Speaker 1: to hurt them all. Yeah, they are all trying to 430 00:27:27,040 --> 00:27:31,520 Speaker 1: hurt all of them. I'm into it. They are all 431 00:27:31,680 --> 00:27:34,040 Speaker 1: very excited and don't know what to do with each other. 432 00:27:34,080 --> 00:27:49,119 Speaker 1: It moves so as the book progresses, party spend some 433 00:27:49,160 --> 00:27:52,240 Speaker 1: time talking about how we are similar to and different 434 00:27:52,359 --> 00:27:57,879 Speaker 1: from other greed Eps's feeling about how we use eye 435 00:27:57,880 --> 00:28:02,879 Speaker 1: contact and smiles to and even from a young age. Um, 436 00:28:02,920 --> 00:28:06,320 Speaker 1: you know, we we've be tend to hear about it. 437 00:28:06,400 --> 00:28:11,440 Speaker 1: But the fact that babies cries are so attuned towards 438 00:28:11,680 --> 00:28:19,199 Speaker 1: attention and capturing the attention of people, Um, these are 439 00:28:19,200 --> 00:28:24,720 Speaker 1: all in like basterds. Yeah, yeah, I mean I was. 440 00:28:24,760 --> 00:28:28,200 Speaker 1: I was a screamer. Apparently I used to real real ball, 441 00:28:29,560 --> 00:28:32,560 Speaker 1: ball and ball and ball. In fact, one story I 442 00:28:32,600 --> 00:28:35,080 Speaker 1: was told was that the neighbor called and was like 443 00:28:35,400 --> 00:28:37,840 Speaker 1: something happening to Andrew, and my parents were like, nah, 444 00:28:37,880 --> 00:28:41,320 Speaker 1: he's just grant. There's like three o'clock in the morning. 445 00:28:45,600 --> 00:28:48,920 Speaker 1: But I mean, look at me now, I'm balling for justice, 446 00:28:49,240 --> 00:28:58,560 Speaker 1: that's right. Yeah. One interesting treat that you know, humans 447 00:28:58,600 --> 00:29:03,040 Speaker 1: have is all willingness to like share our babies with others, 448 00:29:03,720 --> 00:29:06,280 Speaker 1: other grade apes. You know, those mothers, they tend to 449 00:29:06,320 --> 00:29:09,400 Speaker 1: have like constant contact and care with their children, you know, 450 00:29:09,520 --> 00:29:12,200 Speaker 1: like they don't let others touch their children at tall, 451 00:29:12,880 --> 00:29:16,760 Speaker 1: probably because like other mothers tend to want to kill 452 00:29:16,840 --> 00:29:20,680 Speaker 1: their kids or of course harm to their kids, tend 453 00:29:20,680 --> 00:29:23,600 Speaker 1: to be very protective of them. Whereas you know, as 454 00:29:23,600 --> 00:29:26,800 Speaker 1: our parents, we are you know, full of fledged cooperative readers. 455 00:29:26,840 --> 00:29:30,680 Speaker 1: You know, we have not only shared our young with others, 456 00:29:30,760 --> 00:29:35,760 Speaker 1: but our pear intervals have been been recorded breastfeeding the 457 00:29:35,840 --> 00:29:40,120 Speaker 1: young of others, you know, and and masticating and passing 458 00:29:40,280 --> 00:29:47,040 Speaker 1: like hard to digest foods to infunts. I'm mixing up 459 00:29:47,080 --> 00:29:49,240 Speaker 1: my terms a bit in terms of you know, what 460 00:29:49,240 --> 00:29:52,160 Speaker 1: what is a primate and what isn't ape versus what 461 00:29:52,360 --> 00:29:57,640 Speaker 1: is you know, just whatever. But mamosetts and tamarins which 462 00:29:57,640 --> 00:30:03,480 Speaker 1: are colored stry kids to litricids collect kids. They are 463 00:30:03,520 --> 00:30:07,120 Speaker 1: also corporative breeders and they're very fast breeders as well, 464 00:30:07,440 --> 00:30:12,600 Speaker 1: rapid rapid breeders. Um, so you know, good for them. 465 00:30:12,640 --> 00:30:14,680 Speaker 1: It's also typical of our species. We tend to be 466 00:30:14,760 --> 00:30:17,719 Speaker 1: very fast breeders, and that's why we really shoot all 467 00:30:17,720 --> 00:30:22,240 Speaker 1: the other great tapes. What I find interesting as well, 468 00:30:22,640 --> 00:30:25,040 Speaker 1: is that we be able to breed so rapidly despite 469 00:30:25,080 --> 00:30:29,280 Speaker 1: the fact that our um do you remember um the 470 00:30:29,320 --> 00:30:33,000 Speaker 1: word for like carrying a child. I'm just black and 471 00:30:33,160 --> 00:30:37,120 Speaker 1: right now breggors. No, no, no, I think you're you're 472 00:30:37,160 --> 00:30:39,920 Speaker 1: thinking of the incubation period. Is that what we're trying 473 00:30:39,960 --> 00:30:43,920 Speaker 1: to think of. Yeah, but that's such a that that 474 00:30:43,960 --> 00:30:48,240 Speaker 1: feels like a very the humanizing way of witness. Yeah, 475 00:30:49,360 --> 00:30:52,800 Speaker 1: I'll just say that carrying a baby, you know, and 476 00:30:53,400 --> 00:30:59,320 Speaker 1: the costs because on you know, woman's body, on humans body, Um, 477 00:30:59,560 --> 00:31:02,240 Speaker 1: it is like whole thing. It's a whole thing. Yeah. 478 00:31:02,400 --> 00:31:04,560 Speaker 1: I mean if a people of having so many in 479 00:31:04,600 --> 00:31:07,800 Speaker 1: one lifetime despite the cost necessary to raise each I 480 00:31:07,800 --> 00:31:12,560 Speaker 1: mean other animals they have like meets and seasons and 481 00:31:13,480 --> 00:31:16,200 Speaker 1: you know, they have set amounts of children they could 482 00:31:16,200 --> 00:31:19,960 Speaker 1: have in their lifetime. But no, mm hm, you know 483 00:31:20,000 --> 00:31:22,560 Speaker 1: we could just I mean, they're their stories of women 484 00:31:22,600 --> 00:31:27,120 Speaker 1: who have had like dozens of kids, which is you know, 485 00:31:27,440 --> 00:31:30,680 Speaker 1: unfortunate circumstances because you know, in those cases it tends 486 00:31:30,720 --> 00:31:36,400 Speaker 1: to be um, not necessarily willing. But the fact that 487 00:31:36,440 --> 00:31:41,800 Speaker 1: we are capable of having many kids is lends towards 488 00:31:42,320 --> 00:31:47,800 Speaker 1: the importance of having support systems in place because other 489 00:31:47,800 --> 00:31:49,960 Speaker 1: animals don't tend to have more children they can care 490 00:31:50,000 --> 00:31:53,360 Speaker 1: for if that is you know, they care for children. 491 00:31:53,720 --> 00:31:55,400 Speaker 1: A lot of them just eat their kids if they 492 00:31:55,400 --> 00:31:58,840 Speaker 1: can't care for them exactly. Can't do that once it's 493 00:31:59,640 --> 00:32:05,640 Speaker 1: you know, makes sense, Yeah, whereas we kind of evolved 494 00:32:05,680 --> 00:32:09,680 Speaker 1: to have support systems in placement speaking of eating babies, 495 00:32:09,800 --> 00:32:13,400 Speaker 1: kind of the kind of is a dark side to that, 496 00:32:13,800 --> 00:32:17,920 Speaker 1: um because even though we tend to have you know, 497 00:32:17,960 --> 00:32:21,080 Speaker 1: these children and stuff, and we tend to supposed to 498 00:32:21,080 --> 00:32:24,760 Speaker 1: how these support networks to care for them, the practice 499 00:32:24,920 --> 00:32:29,440 Speaker 1: of infanticide is actually something that has a long long 500 00:32:29,600 --> 00:32:36,920 Speaker 1: history UM in human practice, where if a mother determines 501 00:32:37,040 --> 00:32:40,880 Speaker 1: that they're not able to raise their child, they don't 502 00:32:40,880 --> 00:32:45,040 Speaker 1: have the support systems in place to care for that child. 503 00:32:45,760 --> 00:32:53,680 Speaker 1: Different practices would typically be used to you know, deal 504 00:32:53,880 --> 00:33:00,840 Speaker 1: with that child. And that's of course what makes anti 505 00:33:00,880 --> 00:33:08,800 Speaker 1: abortion stances um so inhumane, you know, because Yeah, the 506 00:33:08,840 --> 00:33:12,880 Speaker 1: whole reason we that abortion is so um important is 507 00:33:12,880 --> 00:33:16,400 Speaker 1: because it protects the you know, the autonomy and the 508 00:33:16,480 --> 00:33:23,560 Speaker 1: agency of you know, people who can carry children. And 509 00:33:23,640 --> 00:33:27,200 Speaker 1: yet in this will it continues to atomize us and 510 00:33:27,280 --> 00:33:31,160 Speaker 1: individualize us and separate us um. You know, shipping some 511 00:33:31,240 --> 00:33:33,240 Speaker 1: people of their support network so we can in our 512 00:33:33,280 --> 00:33:39,040 Speaker 1: support networks. It's still expected to and punished heavily if 513 00:33:39,080 --> 00:33:44,160 Speaker 1: you do not just pump out as many children as 514 00:33:44,160 --> 00:33:47,640 Speaker 1: you can, and it's it's sick, it's really sick. Yeah, 515 00:33:47,720 --> 00:33:51,280 Speaker 1: that's not great when it comes to those support networks. 516 00:33:51,760 --> 00:33:56,680 Speaker 1: Most people are familiar with, you know, extended family like 517 00:33:56,800 --> 00:34:01,360 Speaker 1: for example, grand appearance UM and if as an infant, 518 00:34:01,400 --> 00:34:06,440 Speaker 1: survival is significantly affected by a grandmother's presence, which is 519 00:34:06,440 --> 00:34:14,880 Speaker 1: why humans tend to live long past there reproductively viable period. 520 00:34:15,360 --> 00:34:18,919 Speaker 1: You know, human females live after menopause for pretty long 521 00:34:18,960 --> 00:34:25,359 Speaker 1: time in commarison to other species, and of course their 522 00:34:25,360 --> 00:34:32,200 Speaker 1: grandmothers and there of course fathers. UM. There are sisters 523 00:34:32,239 --> 00:34:36,680 Speaker 1: and god parents and really a lot of other um 524 00:34:36,960 --> 00:34:44,120 Speaker 1: cultural systems in place, even polyandrous meeting UM. I think 525 00:34:44,160 --> 00:34:47,440 Speaker 1: I mentioned that in a previous in the previous episode. 526 00:34:49,160 --> 00:34:55,440 Speaker 1: There are also forms of like bilocal flexible residents patterns 527 00:34:55,440 --> 00:34:58,000 Speaker 1: where you know, you always have kin around to take 528 00:34:58,040 --> 00:35:05,879 Speaker 1: care of your infants. And I would say that it's 529 00:35:05,680 --> 00:35:09,840 Speaker 1: it's kind of tough because a lot of people these days, 530 00:35:12,120 --> 00:35:15,680 Speaker 1: you know, struggled with the extended families. Um, it's very 531 00:35:15,760 --> 00:35:21,520 Speaker 1: much cool. UM, I love you, but I'm glad we 532 00:35:21,640 --> 00:35:24,680 Speaker 1: live in separate kind of situation, you know, Like extended 533 00:35:24,680 --> 00:35:27,919 Speaker 1: families definitely have a lot of prouis and comments. Um, 534 00:35:27,960 --> 00:35:31,000 Speaker 1: which is why we actually find I think interesting a 535 00:35:31,000 --> 00:35:37,759 Speaker 1: lot of examples of chosen families throughout different societies. And 536 00:35:37,800 --> 00:35:41,480 Speaker 1: also even there's some evidence that that might have been 537 00:35:41,520 --> 00:35:44,439 Speaker 1: the case in the past as well, where unrelated people 538 00:35:44,480 --> 00:35:52,080 Speaker 1: would form groups together um. As one example I remember 539 00:35:52,080 --> 00:35:55,799 Speaker 1: reading about and of course this can't necessarily extended to 540 00:35:56,080 --> 00:36:01,560 Speaker 1: prehistoric times, but I've seen in multiple different hunt gatherer situations. 541 00:36:01,600 --> 00:36:07,399 Speaker 1: But um, where you have this this clan system in place, um, 542 00:36:07,480 --> 00:36:10,239 Speaker 1: and you can not so how far you travel, you 543 00:36:10,280 --> 00:36:14,680 Speaker 1: can expect to receive care for members of your clan. UM. 544 00:36:14,719 --> 00:36:16,479 Speaker 1: In North America, I think it was like the Beyer 545 00:36:16,560 --> 00:36:20,160 Speaker 1: clan and the Elk Plan and all these different plans. UM. 546 00:36:20,400 --> 00:36:25,440 Speaker 1: In Aboriginal Australia, they also have different groups as well, 547 00:36:25,520 --> 00:36:27,200 Speaker 1: and so people were able to interrupt with each other 548 00:36:27,280 --> 00:36:31,600 Speaker 1: across huge distances and settle in different places and connect 549 00:36:31,640 --> 00:36:37,920 Speaker 1: with others to find kin. You really when necessarily directly related. Yeah, 550 00:36:38,000 --> 00:36:39,719 Speaker 1: there's a couple I mean there's a there's a book 551 00:36:39,719 --> 00:36:42,160 Speaker 1: called sets It On that I read many many years 552 00:36:42,160 --> 00:36:44,400 Speaker 1: ago that's about kind of like the evolution of human 553 00:36:44,400 --> 00:36:47,320 Speaker 1: sexuality and how some of it's been like how different 554 00:36:47,360 --> 00:36:50,200 Speaker 1: cultures have looked at things like like what makes someone 555 00:36:50,239 --> 00:36:53,920 Speaker 1: apparent UM, And there's all these different attitudes, Like before 556 00:36:53,960 --> 00:36:57,200 Speaker 1: we had kind of the scientific understanding of like where 557 00:36:57,239 --> 00:37:00,840 Speaker 1: you know, how how babies are conceived um, that we 558 00:37:00,920 --> 00:37:03,359 Speaker 1: have now there were all these different attitudes like this 559 00:37:03,440 --> 00:37:07,480 Speaker 1: idea and I forget the name of the people who, 560 00:37:07,520 --> 00:37:10,279 Speaker 1: but they still exist with somewhere in Latin America, and 561 00:37:10,320 --> 00:37:14,320 Speaker 1: their their their belief was essentially that when you got 562 00:37:14,960 --> 00:37:17,799 Speaker 1: someone pregnant, that was the start of the process, and 563 00:37:17,840 --> 00:37:22,479 Speaker 1: then after like conception, the person with the baby would 564 00:37:22,480 --> 00:37:27,279 Speaker 1: go around and right, yes, yes, I remember that woman 565 00:37:27,360 --> 00:37:29,000 Speaker 1: for the baby. And the idea was that like, well, yeah, 566 00:37:29,040 --> 00:37:32,080 Speaker 1: when they fucked, that person's like essence gets added to 567 00:37:32,120 --> 00:37:33,799 Speaker 1: this forming child. And one of the things that that 568 00:37:33,840 --> 00:37:36,080 Speaker 1: does socially is it means that it means that for 569 00:37:36,120 --> 00:37:39,520 Speaker 1: that community, UM, children weren't seen as having one father. 570 00:37:39,560 --> 00:37:41,360 Speaker 1: They're seen as having a bunch of fathers, all of 571 00:37:41,360 --> 00:37:44,040 Speaker 1: whom were like responsible for teaching the kid and raising it, 572 00:37:44,040 --> 00:37:47,440 Speaker 1: which is like, oh, that's a very sensible way to, uh, 573 00:37:47,560 --> 00:37:50,480 Speaker 1: to organize your little society is to is to is 574 00:37:50,520 --> 00:37:54,120 Speaker 1: to ensure that like the kids coming up have as 575 00:37:54,120 --> 00:37:57,680 Speaker 1: many adults who are like responsible for them as possible, 576 00:37:57,680 --> 00:38:00,520 Speaker 1: which is, broadly speaking, the best thing you can do 577 00:38:00,560 --> 00:38:02,279 Speaker 1: for kids is to have a bunch of adults being 578 00:38:02,280 --> 00:38:08,040 Speaker 1: interested in their their their success exactly, because I mean, like, 579 00:38:08,640 --> 00:38:11,680 Speaker 1: if you have like one of the best hunters in 580 00:38:11,760 --> 00:38:13,480 Speaker 1: the village rais in your child, and you have the 581 00:38:13,480 --> 00:38:16,360 Speaker 1: best craftsman in the villageries in your child, and you 582 00:38:16,400 --> 00:38:18,520 Speaker 1: have the best fisher villageries and child, that child is 583 00:38:18,520 --> 00:38:21,160 Speaker 1: gonna have a very well rounded education. You know, it's 584 00:38:21,200 --> 00:38:22,520 Speaker 1: going to be able to learn a lot of different 585 00:38:22,520 --> 00:38:25,520 Speaker 1: skills that they're going to need. I mean, that's just 586 00:38:25,800 --> 00:38:29,480 Speaker 1: one of the many positive effects of having multiple care givers. 587 00:38:30,239 --> 00:38:33,760 Speaker 1: The development of a child's would view and sense of self, 588 00:38:33,880 --> 00:38:37,920 Speaker 1: their concept of self and others, their concept of empathy, 589 00:38:38,120 --> 00:38:42,560 Speaker 1: the concept of independence, how they how they view the 590 00:38:42,600 --> 00:38:48,040 Speaker 1: world as either dangerous or insecure or giving and welcoming, 591 00:38:49,719 --> 00:38:52,279 Speaker 1: and so I mean we are so used to this 592 00:38:52,520 --> 00:38:58,399 Speaker 1: nuclear family would view, which is these independent um households 593 00:38:59,160 --> 00:39:03,120 Speaker 1: that we don't consider that the fact that having a 594 00:39:03,239 --> 00:39:07,880 Speaker 1: broad range of people raising them is actually crucial to 595 00:39:08,000 --> 00:39:13,880 Speaker 1: their personal development as children, to the human development really 596 00:39:14,280 --> 00:39:16,760 Speaker 1: having all of those different perspectives and stuff in place. 597 00:39:18,040 --> 00:39:21,640 Speaker 1: And I mean that's part of what Pretty talks about, 598 00:39:21,920 --> 00:39:27,279 Speaker 1: especially in her final chapter, that being how in modern times, 599 00:39:29,000 --> 00:39:37,560 Speaker 1: the accumulation of property UM, the emergence of patriarchy UM, 600 00:39:37,600 --> 00:39:40,880 Speaker 1: even the stuff in the post industrial era, all of 601 00:39:40,880 --> 00:39:45,520 Speaker 1: these would prompt to shift from cooperative breeding, from cooperation 602 00:39:45,600 --> 00:39:50,440 Speaker 1: between groups, two war between groups, especially with property, because 603 00:39:50,480 --> 00:39:53,640 Speaker 1: when you have property, you have a need to hold 604 00:39:53,680 --> 00:39:59,840 Speaker 1: onswer property. And the whole idea of property is you 605 00:40:00,000 --> 00:40:07,719 Speaker 1: in yours the exclusion of all others right now. And 606 00:40:07,840 --> 00:40:11,680 Speaker 1: so at the end of her book, she also speculates 607 00:40:11,760 --> 00:40:16,640 Speaker 1: we might be losing our art of nurture because we 608 00:40:16,719 --> 00:40:21,279 Speaker 1: are continually evolving um. But she wonders what might be 609 00:40:21,480 --> 00:40:25,120 Speaker 1: potential evolutionary effects we if we are we wearing children 610 00:40:25,160 --> 00:40:27,160 Speaker 1: who are not living in internet contact with of a 611 00:40:27,239 --> 00:40:31,359 Speaker 1: variety of caregivers, because especially within those first two years 612 00:40:31,360 --> 00:40:36,320 Speaker 1: of life, influence rare and responsible care taking relationships developed 613 00:40:36,400 --> 00:40:42,000 Speaker 1: in a potentials for empathy, mind reading and cooperation and collaboration. 614 00:40:42,600 --> 00:40:45,719 Speaker 1: I mean, these behaviors are the outcome of complex interactions 615 00:40:45,719 --> 00:40:50,000 Speaker 1: between both genes and nurture. So the question is how 616 00:40:50,040 --> 00:40:57,279 Speaker 1: can these in their potentials remain more than potentials, you know, 617 00:40:57,320 --> 00:40:59,640 Speaker 1: I mean because the development of them is far from 618 00:40:59,680 --> 00:41:02,839 Speaker 1: garen teed. A lot of children these days are raised 619 00:41:02,880 --> 00:41:07,239 Speaker 1: without extensive social contact um. I mean, even in the 620 00:41:07,320 --> 00:41:10,879 Speaker 1: year of COVID, where a children are isolated at home, 621 00:41:11,320 --> 00:41:16,080 Speaker 1: especially the heights of pandemic. I already wonder if we 622 00:41:16,280 --> 00:41:21,239 Speaker 1: will see like a Mark at like distinct generation of 623 00:41:21,360 --> 00:41:25,799 Speaker 1: like within a range of two years of children who 624 00:41:25,960 --> 00:41:33,120 Speaker 1: just aren't as socialized because for those first two years 625 00:41:33,160 --> 00:41:35,680 Speaker 1: of their life they were kind of isolated. Well those 626 00:41:35,719 --> 00:41:39,160 Speaker 1: first few years, they're like they're kind of isolated because 627 00:41:40,040 --> 00:41:44,840 Speaker 1: there's this lack of empathy, lack of corporative skills, and 628 00:41:46,760 --> 00:41:51,959 Speaker 1: lack of attachment that make cause it's to Mr Mark, 629 00:41:52,120 --> 00:41:56,600 Speaker 1: it's it's really trauma. Um. But trauma doesn't necessarily stop 630 00:41:56,640 --> 00:42:01,560 Speaker 1: people from continuing that drauma from reproducing and carrying that on. 631 00:42:01,760 --> 00:42:03,520 Speaker 1: And so I really I'm really curious as to see 632 00:42:03,560 --> 00:42:06,200 Speaker 1: what the effects that might be and also what we 633 00:42:06,239 --> 00:42:11,280 Speaker 1: can do to try to um cube that negative impact. 634 00:42:15,280 --> 00:42:20,600 Speaker 1: The last question she asked is, really, will humans in 635 00:42:20,600 --> 00:42:25,640 Speaker 1: the future still be empathetic and curious and about the 636 00:42:25,640 --> 00:42:28,960 Speaker 1: emotions of others because of our ancient heritage? You not 637 00:42:29,040 --> 00:42:33,440 Speaker 1: care I'm paraphrasing here, or will these systems that we 638 00:42:33,520 --> 00:42:41,759 Speaker 1: have in place evolve us in the more Marcavillion direction. Well, 639 00:42:41,800 --> 00:42:44,520 Speaker 1: I guess that's the mystery that we're all going to 640 00:42:44,520 --> 00:42:47,759 Speaker 1: get to watch unfold in pieces, at least over the 641 00:42:47,800 --> 00:42:50,040 Speaker 1: course of you know, the rest of our lives and 642 00:42:50,080 --> 00:42:54,680 Speaker 1: everyone else's lives. It is, I don't know. I I 643 00:42:54,760 --> 00:42:59,239 Speaker 1: think the overall arcade speaks more to the things that 644 00:42:59,320 --> 00:43:03,040 Speaker 1: about us that are good into increasing cooperation, because that 645 00:43:03,200 --> 00:43:07,120 Speaker 1: is like the story of the last couple hundred thousand 646 00:43:07,239 --> 00:43:11,080 Speaker 1: years of human evolution, although at the same time some 647 00:43:11,239 --> 00:43:13,760 Speaker 1: of that a lot of that cooperation has gone towards 648 00:43:13,920 --> 00:43:16,680 Speaker 1: fucked up ends as well. Like, I mean, all of 649 00:43:16,680 --> 00:43:19,239 Speaker 1: the good and the bad things happening right now are 650 00:43:19,280 --> 00:43:21,960 Speaker 1: are one way or the other examples of cooperation, right 651 00:43:22,080 --> 00:43:29,080 Speaker 1: Like it's it's, uh, yeah, I don't know, let's help 652 00:43:29,120 --> 00:43:33,560 Speaker 1: things get better. So I think we could do more 653 00:43:33,560 --> 00:43:38,680 Speaker 1: than hoop. I think we cannot. Yeah, we're going to 654 00:43:38,719 --> 00:43:40,480 Speaker 1: have I mean like like that's the thing, right, Like 655 00:43:40,600 --> 00:43:43,960 Speaker 1: part of how specifically in the United States, I mean, 656 00:43:44,040 --> 00:43:47,239 Speaker 1: but internationally to the right has gotten so much over 657 00:43:47,280 --> 00:43:50,400 Speaker 1: the last really five or six years, in particular is 658 00:43:51,120 --> 00:43:56,120 Speaker 1: cooperation across borders and across like ideological differences. Like there's 659 00:43:56,200 --> 00:44:00,280 Speaker 1: there has been like tremendous sustained cooperation that has allowed 660 00:44:00,320 --> 00:44:04,080 Speaker 1: them to amass power um the power that they're currently exercising. 661 00:44:04,080 --> 00:44:05,920 Speaker 1: And the only thing that's going to actually counter that 662 00:44:06,800 --> 00:44:10,320 Speaker 1: is the cooperation um an organization if a much larger 663 00:44:10,360 --> 00:44:12,720 Speaker 1: amount of people, Like there's not that many of those folks, 664 00:44:12,719 --> 00:44:15,080 Speaker 1: that's why they've had to be so organized. There's a 665 00:44:15,080 --> 00:44:18,800 Speaker 1: lot more of us. But we're also can't stop fighting 666 00:44:18,840 --> 00:44:21,200 Speaker 1: about ship. So it is it is like we are 667 00:44:21,239 --> 00:44:24,440 Speaker 1: going to have to evolve in real time to cooperate 668 00:44:24,480 --> 00:44:26,759 Speaker 1: better with one another and more effectively in order to 669 00:44:27,000 --> 00:44:35,320 Speaker 1: in order to wrench the wheelback. That's true. M hm. Anyway, 670 00:44:35,719 --> 00:44:40,120 Speaker 1: that's not lose uh and let's not lose your plug 671 00:44:40,120 --> 00:44:44,719 Speaker 1: doubles Andrew, Yes, you can follow me on Twitter. I 672 00:44:44,760 --> 00:44:50,120 Speaker 1: don't disclose seeming true. I'm finding on YouTube andruism hell yeah, 673 00:44:50,320 --> 00:44:54,040 Speaker 1: hell yeah, Well folks, that's gonna be all for us 674 00:44:54,080 --> 00:44:57,479 Speaker 1: here today that it could happen here until next time, 675 00:44:57,880 --> 00:45:05,279 Speaker 1: go happen somewhere else. Okay, it could happen here as 676 00:45:05,320 --> 00:45:08,000 Speaker 1: a production of cool Zone Media. One more podcasts from 677 00:45:08,040 --> 00:45:11,000 Speaker 1: cool Zone Media, visit our website cool zone media dot com, 678 00:45:11,120 --> 00:45:12,839 Speaker 1: or check us out on the I Heart Radio app, 679 00:45:12,880 --> 00:45:16,239 Speaker 1: Apple Podcasts, or wherever you listen to podcasts. You can 680 00:45:16,239 --> 00:45:18,920 Speaker 1: find sources for it could Happen here, updated monthly at 681 00:45:18,960 --> 00:45:22,200 Speaker 1: cool zone media dot com slash sources. Thanks for listening,