1 00:00:07,840 --> 00:00:10,160 Speaker 1: Hello, and welcome to Savor Protection of I Heart Radio. 2 00:00:10,280 --> 00:00:13,440 Speaker 1: I'm Annie Reese and I'm Lauren Vogelbaum, and today we're 3 00:00:13,440 --> 00:00:20,360 Speaker 1: talking about pufferfish. Yes, oh, I am so excited to 4 00:00:20,480 --> 00:00:27,440 Speaker 1: talk about this. Yeah. I find it so fascinating. Um. 5 00:00:27,440 --> 00:00:31,560 Speaker 1: When I was in in Japan, I would see these 6 00:00:31,600 --> 00:00:35,680 Speaker 1: ads for for fuku for this puffer fish um all 7 00:00:35,720 --> 00:00:39,520 Speaker 1: over and uh, I never had it to my knowledge, 8 00:00:39,520 --> 00:00:41,320 Speaker 1: And I assumed that I would know I had it 9 00:00:41,479 --> 00:00:45,440 Speaker 1: because it's very expensive, which we'll talk about it later. Um. 10 00:00:45,479 --> 00:00:49,040 Speaker 1: But I just find it so so interesting that humans 11 00:00:49,040 --> 00:00:53,280 Speaker 1: are like, what, this might kill me? Yes, please, I 12 00:00:53,320 --> 00:00:58,280 Speaker 1: will pay top dollar for that experience. I want it. 13 00:00:58,280 --> 00:01:02,400 Speaker 1: It's sometimes called the food version of Russian Roulette. And 14 00:01:02,440 --> 00:01:08,320 Speaker 1: I just find it endlessly fascinating. And this is actually 15 00:01:08,360 --> 00:01:10,520 Speaker 1: a part of the plot of my favorite book I've 16 00:01:10,560 --> 00:01:13,640 Speaker 1: ever written. That there's this drug and there are strains 17 00:01:13,640 --> 00:01:18,120 Speaker 1: of it that there's this huge probability of insanity or 18 00:01:18,200 --> 00:01:20,200 Speaker 1: death if you take it, but because the high is 19 00:01:20,240 --> 00:01:23,040 Speaker 1: so good and there's sort of this devil may care 20 00:01:23,200 --> 00:01:27,240 Speaker 1: living on the edge pride that comes with surviving it, okay, 21 00:01:27,520 --> 00:01:31,360 Speaker 1: And there are descriptions of the different highs like kind 22 00:01:31,400 --> 00:01:36,360 Speaker 1: of like oysters like sweet on the palette, risk of death. Um, 23 00:01:36,440 --> 00:01:39,440 Speaker 1: and yes, Lauren, this is what that thing in our 24 00:01:39,560 --> 00:01:43,039 Speaker 1: D and D campaign is based on. No, that's that 25 00:01:43,120 --> 00:01:46,200 Speaker 1: was my uh huh from a second ago. Um, that 26 00:01:46,360 --> 00:01:51,400 Speaker 1: was my uh huh? Of have you did you? Did 27 00:01:51,400 --> 00:01:53,880 Speaker 1: you get one of the other characters in her campaign 28 00:01:53,960 --> 00:01:58,360 Speaker 1: hooked on this drug. Let's just say she is very 29 00:01:58,480 --> 00:02:04,240 Speaker 1: lucky that the role went the wait oh my heck geez, 30 00:02:04,320 --> 00:02:08,639 Speaker 1: this was I For those of you following along at 31 00:02:08,680 --> 00:02:12,440 Speaker 1: home with our D and D adventures, this was a 32 00:02:12,480 --> 00:02:22,200 Speaker 1: matter of much contention for a number of episodes of play. Um. Okay, yep, 33 00:02:25,440 --> 00:02:29,560 Speaker 1: so you have that to worry about. That storyline is 34 00:02:29,600 --> 00:02:35,840 Speaker 1: not done. Great, that's little. That's fabulous. I'm suddenly really 35 00:02:35,919 --> 00:02:40,440 Speaker 1: glad that my character is so like righteous about so 36 00:02:40,560 --> 00:02:45,160 Speaker 1: many things. Yes, yes, that helped you out in this situation, 37 00:02:45,480 --> 00:02:49,320 Speaker 1: that is for sure. But yeah, yeah, I just find 38 00:02:49,320 --> 00:02:54,600 Speaker 1: this whole idea fascinating And apparently a lot of season 39 00:02:54,720 --> 00:02:58,440 Speaker 1: chefs that prepare fugu fish believe that a lot of 40 00:02:58,440 --> 00:03:00,560 Speaker 1: the people who eat it, that's say, are feeling this 41 00:03:00,680 --> 00:03:05,760 Speaker 1: tingling of the lips, that they're making it up or 42 00:03:05,800 --> 00:03:09,680 Speaker 1: that it's just in their head maybe. Um. And I 43 00:03:09,720 --> 00:03:11,640 Speaker 1: wasn't really able to confirm this. We were talking about 44 00:03:11,639 --> 00:03:15,040 Speaker 1: this before we started recording, but I read a couple 45 00:03:15,080 --> 00:03:17,880 Speaker 1: of interviews with chefs where they said it's rude to 46 00:03:18,440 --> 00:03:22,120 Speaker 1: comments on it, on these effects or joke about the 47 00:03:22,200 --> 00:03:24,760 Speaker 1: danger of it. So if anyone knows or has experience 48 00:03:24,840 --> 00:03:28,520 Speaker 1: with that, police right. Yeah. My hypothesis was that that's 49 00:03:28,560 --> 00:03:30,480 Speaker 1: just chefs saying it out of like, you know, after 50 00:03:30,520 --> 00:03:33,800 Speaker 1: the umpteenth time a day a chef sees someone like 51 00:03:33,880 --> 00:03:39,280 Speaker 1: pretend to fall over dead after eating their dish, They're like, okay, yeah, 52 00:03:39,400 --> 00:03:42,960 Speaker 1: that's quite enough of that. Um. Although uh, super producer 53 00:03:43,040 --> 00:03:45,880 Speaker 1: Andrew was saying that he has a friend who did 54 00:03:45,920 --> 00:03:50,760 Speaker 1: report feeling like tipsy after eating it um and then 55 00:03:50,800 --> 00:03:53,400 Speaker 1: realized that she had not had anything to drink. It 56 00:03:53,520 --> 00:04:00,080 Speaker 1: was just the fish. So yeah, who knows. I go, 57 00:04:00,120 --> 00:04:09,760 Speaker 1: somatics are fun. They candy. Also, apparently a goon tried 58 00:04:09,800 --> 00:04:13,600 Speaker 1: to kill James Bond with puffer fish and from Russia 59 00:04:13,720 --> 00:04:17,040 Speaker 1: with love, which I find I don't doubt that at all. 60 00:04:17,080 --> 00:04:20,239 Speaker 1: I haven't seen it, but I believe it. I don't 61 00:04:20,279 --> 00:04:22,440 Speaker 1: remember that. Oh, it's been it's been a few years. 62 00:04:22,480 --> 00:04:25,560 Speaker 1: But uh yeah, yes, and on kind of the other 63 00:04:25,640 --> 00:04:29,840 Speaker 1: side of the entertainment spectrum. We did touch on that 64 00:04:30,000 --> 00:04:35,920 Speaker 1: Tim Homer eight fugou fish in our Simpsons episode. Yeah yeah, 65 00:04:36,279 --> 00:04:39,360 Speaker 1: he turned out just fine as well, Yeah he did. 66 00:04:39,520 --> 00:04:43,720 Speaker 1: You can and James Bond have that in common. I 67 00:04:43,760 --> 00:04:46,400 Speaker 1: bet they have more in common than we think, Lauren, 68 00:04:49,160 --> 00:04:53,600 Speaker 1: I'm sure they do. But all of this brings us 69 00:04:53,640 --> 00:05:03,480 Speaker 1: to our question, Yes, food goo, what is it? Well? Uh, 70 00:05:03,720 --> 00:05:07,440 Speaker 1: Fugu is a Japanese word for a whole bunch of 71 00:05:07,440 --> 00:05:11,480 Speaker 1: different genuses and species of puffer fish that people eat 72 00:05:11,880 --> 00:05:15,919 Speaker 1: and that famously often contain a really potent toxin in 73 00:05:16,000 --> 00:05:20,520 Speaker 1: some of their organs that can kill you dead. Um. 74 00:05:20,560 --> 00:05:23,760 Speaker 1: And yeah, puffer fish is a super generic term. It 75 00:05:23,839 --> 00:05:28,000 Speaker 1: turns out with a lot of linguistic confusion because it 76 00:05:28,040 --> 00:05:32,600 Speaker 1: can refer to fish in two separate families in the 77 00:05:32,760 --> 00:05:37,120 Speaker 1: order tetrou Danta forms, and can be called, aside from 78 00:05:37,120 --> 00:05:41,480 Speaker 1: puffer fish, balloon fish, blowfish, bubble fish, globe fish, swell fish, 79 00:05:41,880 --> 00:05:47,560 Speaker 1: see squab, toadfish, blowtoads, and porcupine fish, just to name 80 00:05:47,600 --> 00:05:51,160 Speaker 1: a few. Also, I'm so glad that my career has 81 00:05:51,200 --> 00:05:53,039 Speaker 1: brought me to a place where I just got to 82 00:05:53,040 --> 00:05:59,000 Speaker 1: say blowtoads into a microphone. It was excellent. Uh. If 83 00:05:59,040 --> 00:06:01,360 Speaker 1: I had had some thing like water in my mouth, 84 00:06:01,400 --> 00:06:09,200 Speaker 1: I think I might have done a spittake to yep. Um, 85 00:06:09,440 --> 00:06:12,200 Speaker 1: but porcupine fish though, I will say that the last 86 00:06:12,200 --> 00:06:16,599 Speaker 1: one there tends to refer to specific buddies um that 87 00:06:16,720 --> 00:06:22,080 Speaker 1: have larger external spines than other species. Anyway. Yeah, so 88 00:06:22,080 --> 00:06:26,920 Speaker 1: so these these guys are smallish tropical fish that looked 89 00:06:26,920 --> 00:06:31,080 Speaker 1: like pokemon. Um, big guys, big heads, weird like torpedo 90 00:06:31,200 --> 00:06:34,559 Speaker 1: tapered bodies. There is a pokemon that's called quill fish 91 00:06:34,600 --> 00:06:37,440 Speaker 1: in the in the American version. Um, that's that's a 92 00:06:37,560 --> 00:06:41,640 Speaker 1: blowfish anyway. Um. Yeah, they don't swim very fast, um, 93 00:06:41,680 --> 00:06:45,640 Speaker 1: but they have a lot of defense mechanisms. Um. They 94 00:06:45,680 --> 00:06:48,920 Speaker 1: tend to have these pokey spines on their skin. They 95 00:06:48,920 --> 00:06:53,520 Speaker 1: can rapidly fill up their very elastic stomach with water 96 00:06:53,880 --> 00:06:56,680 Speaker 1: or air um to puff up to about three times 97 00:06:56,720 --> 00:07:01,000 Speaker 1: their original size. Like it takes like fifteen seconds. And 98 00:07:01,680 --> 00:07:04,599 Speaker 1: they tend to carry just a whole bunch of this 99 00:07:04,760 --> 00:07:09,440 Speaker 1: horrifying toxin in their bodies. UM. Marine species mostly in 100 00:07:09,480 --> 00:07:13,600 Speaker 1: their liver and ovary and freshwater species mostly in the skin, 101 00:07:14,240 --> 00:07:21,480 Speaker 1: but it can accumulate in smaller proportions basically throughout. This 102 00:07:21,560 --> 00:07:30,160 Speaker 1: is wonderful. I know you haven't seen SpongeBob Lauren. There 103 00:07:30,360 --> 00:07:35,520 Speaker 1: is a miss puff uh the puffer fish and uh 104 00:07:35,600 --> 00:07:39,760 Speaker 1: it's one of my favorite like defense mechanisms because she 105 00:07:39,800 --> 00:07:45,880 Speaker 1: does it when she's stressed and she just I love it. 106 00:07:45,960 --> 00:07:52,160 Speaker 1: I think that is a wonderful nature. You're so interesting nature. 107 00:07:52,720 --> 00:07:55,880 Speaker 1: Good show, right right. It just mean, these these little guys, 108 00:07:55,920 --> 00:07:58,320 Speaker 1: they just go from from like bloop bloop bloop bloop. 109 00:07:58,320 --> 00:08:05,280 Speaker 1: Oh I'm big, I'm real big bar golf look at 110 00:08:05,320 --> 00:08:14,800 Speaker 1: my size and be intimidated. Although a side note here, 111 00:08:14,920 --> 00:08:19,600 Speaker 1: um sharks apparently, which are one of the predators of 112 00:08:19,720 --> 00:08:24,640 Speaker 1: puffer fish, aren't particularly bothered by this toxin that they produce, 113 00:08:25,360 --> 00:08:27,960 Speaker 1: So I mean they will be bothered by the fact 114 00:08:27,960 --> 00:08:30,440 Speaker 1: that they have spines on their skin, and that especially 115 00:08:30,480 --> 00:08:33,160 Speaker 1: when they when they puff up, those spines stick straight 116 00:08:33,200 --> 00:08:37,280 Speaker 1: out and can choke you, um, if you're a shark. Um. 117 00:08:37,320 --> 00:08:39,640 Speaker 1: But I'm just I'm looking at these puffer fish going like, 118 00:08:39,880 --> 00:08:44,600 Speaker 1: for whom did you make this toxin? Puffer fish? You 119 00:08:44,679 --> 00:08:48,920 Speaker 1: suspect foul play, you suspect the conspiracy. I think I might. 120 00:08:49,800 --> 00:08:52,040 Speaker 1: We need to get Ben and Mattinol on the line 121 00:08:52,080 --> 00:08:58,640 Speaker 1: about this. Why haven't they talked about it already? These 122 00:08:58,679 --> 00:09:03,719 Speaker 1: puffer fish are out there just lying and wait for us. 123 00:09:04,559 --> 00:09:08,400 Speaker 1: We willingly eat them. You really don't have to try 124 00:09:08,440 --> 00:09:14,200 Speaker 1: that hard. I guess not. I guess not. Still, we 125 00:09:14,320 --> 00:09:19,840 Speaker 1: must get the truth. Okay. So here's here's where it 126 00:09:19,840 --> 00:09:24,560 Speaker 1: gets crazy. Um. The toxin at hand um is called 127 00:09:24,640 --> 00:09:28,199 Speaker 1: to troto toxin, and and it's this neurotoxin that's found 128 00:09:28,200 --> 00:09:30,360 Speaker 1: in a bunch of marine life a few land dwellers 129 00:09:30,400 --> 00:09:33,920 Speaker 1: as well. Researchers think that it's produced as a defense 130 00:09:33,920 --> 00:09:37,280 Speaker 1: mechanism in some plants and animals, and even as an 131 00:09:37,320 --> 00:09:40,040 Speaker 1: offensive weapon in some animals that use it in in 132 00:09:40,120 --> 00:09:46,480 Speaker 1: hunting prey because it paralyzes um. In humans specifically, it 133 00:09:46,559 --> 00:09:51,360 Speaker 1: basically inhibits cells like neurons and muscles from activating, and 134 00:09:51,520 --> 00:09:55,240 Speaker 1: in severe cases, this can lead to paralysis and death 135 00:09:55,320 --> 00:09:58,360 Speaker 1: from heart or respiratory failure. And I'm summing this up 136 00:09:58,400 --> 00:10:01,400 Speaker 1: like woe. It has to do with sodium channels and 137 00:10:01,640 --> 00:10:06,160 Speaker 1: this level of electro physiology is completely beyond me. Um. Oh, 138 00:10:08,120 --> 00:10:13,520 Speaker 1: I know you're not well versed in electro physiology, not 139 00:10:13,760 --> 00:10:22,319 Speaker 1: today any monster anyway. This is some wild stuff. To 140 00:10:22,400 --> 00:10:27,520 Speaker 1: Troto toxin is one of the most powerful neurotoxins known 141 00:10:27,520 --> 00:10:32,160 Speaker 1: to humankind. Um. Some twelve thousand times more toxic than cyanide. 142 00:10:32,520 --> 00:10:36,440 Speaker 1: It can kill you in seventeen minutes flat. There's no 143 00:10:36,640 --> 00:10:45,000 Speaker 1: known antidote. Wow. Although basically for for humans anyway. You know, 144 00:10:45,120 --> 00:10:49,640 Speaker 1: if you if you get someone on on artificial life support, 145 00:10:49,720 --> 00:10:53,000 Speaker 1: then until the toxin clears out of their system, they're 146 00:10:53,120 --> 00:11:00,640 Speaker 1: usually going to be okay, dang yeah um. And because 147 00:11:00,760 --> 00:11:05,040 Speaker 1: of the pathways through which it works um that paralysis 148 00:11:05,200 --> 00:11:08,760 Speaker 1: being one of the side effects. It's being investigated for 149 00:11:08,880 --> 00:11:14,120 Speaker 1: all kinds of interesting medicinal properties um, like like pain, 150 00:11:14,160 --> 00:11:17,560 Speaker 1: relief in severe illness like advanced cancer care um and 151 00:11:17,760 --> 00:11:22,960 Speaker 1: reductions in physical cravings and anxiety in heroin addiction. Uh 152 00:11:24,480 --> 00:11:29,480 Speaker 1: interesting Yeah. And this is what really gets me. No 153 00:11:29,520 --> 00:11:33,280 Speaker 1: one really knows why some puffer fish contains so much 154 00:11:33,320 --> 00:11:38,800 Speaker 1: of it. Uh. Science thinks that mostly they get it 155 00:11:38,800 --> 00:11:42,840 Speaker 1: through their diet. That like bacteria and phytoplankton and larger 156 00:11:42,880 --> 00:11:46,520 Speaker 1: creatures like worms create it, and then it accumulates in 157 00:11:46,559 --> 00:11:50,000 Speaker 1: puffer fish when they eat those critters or critters that 158 00:11:50,040 --> 00:11:53,680 Speaker 1: have eaten them in turn, like I like mollusks, or 159 00:11:53,800 --> 00:11:56,760 Speaker 1: maybe that larger creatures like puffer fish have bacteria in 160 00:11:56,800 --> 00:12:00,040 Speaker 1: their microbiome, like in their guts, that that create it 161 00:12:00,160 --> 00:12:05,200 Speaker 1: for them. This is like breaking science. Research is still ongoing. See, 162 00:12:05,360 --> 00:12:08,000 Speaker 1: I think you're onto something, Laurin. I think it's a 163 00:12:08,040 --> 00:12:12,840 Speaker 1: big conspiracy. And the puffer fish have got their big 164 00:12:12,920 --> 00:12:20,400 Speaker 1: globy eyes said on us. They're menacing little beaks and 165 00:12:20,440 --> 00:12:25,560 Speaker 1: they're just like poop poop in the water, and and 166 00:12:25,640 --> 00:12:30,160 Speaker 1: the big king buffer fishes like these fools, we just 167 00:12:30,280 --> 00:12:39,240 Speaker 1: have to they'll eat us willingly. Speaking of we are 168 00:12:39,280 --> 00:12:44,760 Speaker 1: a food show. So let's talk about some dishes. Um. Now, 169 00:12:44,880 --> 00:12:47,520 Speaker 1: I have never had pepper fish either, so I I 170 00:12:47,559 --> 00:12:50,120 Speaker 1: cannot tell you from personal experience what it tastes like, 171 00:12:50,200 --> 00:12:53,400 Speaker 1: but I've read that in texture it's sort of it's 172 00:12:53,440 --> 00:12:58,199 Speaker 1: sort of delicately chewy, meady um, like a cross between 173 00:12:58,240 --> 00:13:01,959 Speaker 1: chicken and mackerel. Maybe we're sort of frogs legs um, 174 00:13:02,000 --> 00:13:04,600 Speaker 1: and that the flavor is delicate too and a little 175 00:13:04,600 --> 00:13:08,880 Speaker 1: bit sweet. Would you would you try it? Oh? Yeah, sure, 176 00:13:09,520 --> 00:13:11,920 Speaker 1: yeah we too, So I don't want to when I 177 00:13:12,040 --> 00:13:14,679 Speaker 1: call people pools for eating it, I am one of them, 178 00:13:15,200 --> 00:13:17,320 Speaker 1: one of these people. So oh, yeah, I know the 179 00:13:17,360 --> 00:13:21,920 Speaker 1: conspiracy has worked. We we have bought it totally. Yeah 180 00:13:22,679 --> 00:13:26,839 Speaker 1: to the version of Q and On. Yeah, we were 181 00:13:27,280 --> 00:13:29,360 Speaker 1: talking about this before, and I was saying, I feel 182 00:13:29,360 --> 00:13:31,360 Speaker 1: like I'd be nervous about it for an entire day, 183 00:13:31,400 --> 00:13:33,040 Speaker 1: and I know I wouldn't need to be Like if 184 00:13:33,040 --> 00:13:36,559 Speaker 1: I was fine, Yeah, you would know that you were 185 00:13:36,559 --> 00:13:39,520 Speaker 1: fine within within like a half half an hour, until 186 00:13:39,520 --> 00:13:42,760 Speaker 1: like six hours tops, you would Yeah. Yeah, but I 187 00:13:42,760 --> 00:13:44,319 Speaker 1: think it would take a whole day. It's like when 188 00:13:44,360 --> 00:13:45,959 Speaker 1: I watched that movie That's supposed to kill you in 189 00:13:46,000 --> 00:13:49,360 Speaker 1: twenty four hours, that it took two days before I 190 00:13:49,400 --> 00:13:52,400 Speaker 1: felt okay. So I think I just needed an extra 191 00:13:52,400 --> 00:13:56,520 Speaker 1: buffer time. That's okay. Yeah. I'm still wary of televisions, 192 00:13:56,520 --> 00:13:59,040 Speaker 1: and The Ring is a really old movie at this point. 193 00:13:59,240 --> 00:14:03,040 Speaker 1: I believe it was two thousand one. Yeah, still a 194 00:14:03,080 --> 00:14:07,840 Speaker 1: little anxious about it too. I'm really glad that everything 195 00:14:07,840 --> 00:14:10,920 Speaker 1: has moved to flat screen. I'm was afraid of those 196 00:14:10,960 --> 00:14:14,800 Speaker 1: I'm like, she clearly can't come out of a flat screen. No, no, 197 00:14:15,320 --> 00:14:19,720 Speaker 1: and not cell phones, only landlines and vhs. Although she 198 00:14:19,800 --> 00:14:23,600 Speaker 1: did go viral in the Newest movie, just like I'm 199 00:14:23,640 --> 00:14:26,480 Speaker 1: I'm aware that's not in my head. Cannon. Yeah, your 200 00:14:26,600 --> 00:14:29,560 Speaker 1: cannon is stops it the first one. I got it. 201 00:14:29,600 --> 00:14:37,560 Speaker 1: That's cool. We were talking about pufferfish, okay. Uh, so 202 00:14:37,720 --> 00:14:41,880 Speaker 1: different species are prized for different uses. Um. Apparently tora 203 00:14:42,000 --> 00:14:45,080 Speaker 1: fugu or the tiger pufferfish is super high end. If 204 00:14:45,120 --> 00:14:47,680 Speaker 1: you ever see that on a menu, it's gonna be expensive, 205 00:14:47,720 --> 00:14:50,400 Speaker 1: but people recommend it. Um. And puffer fish can be 206 00:14:50,440 --> 00:14:52,680 Speaker 1: served in all kinds of ways um on or off 207 00:14:52,680 --> 00:14:57,280 Speaker 1: the bone, in raw slices, cooked in soups, as cutlets, 208 00:14:57,520 --> 00:15:02,720 Speaker 1: deep fried in savory porridge, in hot pots, etcetera. Mm 209 00:15:02,840 --> 00:15:07,160 Speaker 1: hm oh. Some of the ways it's served really call 210 00:15:07,240 --> 00:15:11,960 Speaker 1: out the whole deadly thing. Um. Like one of those 211 00:15:12,040 --> 00:15:16,480 Speaker 1: mild symptoms that Annie mentioned of of fugu poisoning quote 212 00:15:16,520 --> 00:15:20,240 Speaker 1: unquote is a numb numbness or tingling on the tongue 213 00:15:20,320 --> 00:15:23,680 Speaker 1: or lips um, and some dishes play with that by 214 00:15:23,720 --> 00:15:33,880 Speaker 1: serving puffer fish along with spices that have a similar effect. Oh. Um. Also, 215 00:15:33,960 --> 00:15:37,800 Speaker 1: in Japan, when it's served as sushimi, it's traditionally um 216 00:15:37,800 --> 00:15:40,520 Speaker 1: cut super thin and arranged on the plate in the 217 00:15:40,560 --> 00:15:44,000 Speaker 1: shape of a chrysanthemum blossom, which, in addition to being 218 00:15:44,160 --> 00:15:49,240 Speaker 1: role pretty, is a symbol of death in Japan. Yep, 219 00:15:50,600 --> 00:15:58,520 Speaker 1: you gotta love it. B lean into it, right, the 220 00:15:58,560 --> 00:16:01,280 Speaker 1: fatty and textured skin. The skin, which is kind of 221 00:16:01,360 --> 00:16:04,640 Speaker 1: fatty and textured, can also be served as as a 222 00:16:04,720 --> 00:16:07,000 Speaker 1: side or like a kind of a moose bush um, 223 00:16:07,560 --> 00:16:10,880 Speaker 1: sometimes chewy, sometimes roasted or fried like salmon skin. Um. 224 00:16:10,960 --> 00:16:13,640 Speaker 1: The fins are also served crisped up. And there's even 225 00:16:13,680 --> 00:16:18,320 Speaker 1: a cocktail featuring roasted puffer fish tail in hot sake 226 00:16:19,320 --> 00:16:22,640 Speaker 1: hid a sack. And this, this crispy tail is is 227 00:16:22,680 --> 00:16:26,320 Speaker 1: like lightly steeped before serving. Um. Some creators give it 228 00:16:26,360 --> 00:16:29,200 Speaker 1: like a quick flam bay when it hits the table. Um. 229 00:16:29,280 --> 00:16:31,960 Speaker 1: Boulder sacks are apparently used to to stand up to 230 00:16:31,960 --> 00:16:34,600 Speaker 1: the savory flavors of the tail. And I've read that 231 00:16:34,640 --> 00:16:40,880 Speaker 1: it's like an alcoholic soup, right alright to it? Yeah yes, 232 00:16:41,560 --> 00:16:43,880 Speaker 1: And of course it's not only eaten in Japan. It's 233 00:16:43,880 --> 00:16:47,120 Speaker 1: also popular in Korea, where it can be served as 234 00:16:47,240 --> 00:16:49,720 Speaker 1: again yeah, like the protein in soup or in beebing 235 00:16:49,800 --> 00:16:54,480 Speaker 1: pop or volgogi. Uh yeah whatever, mhm. A species of 236 00:16:54,480 --> 00:16:57,520 Speaker 1: puffer fish also live in the Mediterranean, though I haven't 237 00:16:57,560 --> 00:17:00,320 Speaker 1: read about it being like particularly prized there. It's more 238 00:17:00,320 --> 00:17:02,680 Speaker 1: of a thing that people eat if they catch it, 239 00:17:02,800 --> 00:17:05,919 Speaker 1: and that's what they've caught today. Although on the mid 240 00:17:05,960 --> 00:17:09,960 Speaker 1: Atlantic coast it um it is kind of popular. It's 241 00:17:10,040 --> 00:17:13,760 Speaker 1: a fried SAUTEI grilled c bechaide, you know, just as 242 00:17:13,800 --> 00:17:16,720 Speaker 1: as we would do around the Carolinas ish with any 243 00:17:16,720 --> 00:17:27,240 Speaker 1: other fish. Huh. Okay, well what about the nutrition? Uh? Yeah, 244 00:17:27,480 --> 00:17:30,240 Speaker 1: I'm fish is pretty good for you. Um, you know, 245 00:17:30,320 --> 00:17:33,440 Speaker 1: lots of protein. Pufferfish isn't super fatty. It's got lots 246 00:17:33,440 --> 00:17:36,520 Speaker 1: of vitamins and minerals um as with any protein. I 247 00:17:36,520 --> 00:17:41,160 Speaker 1: guess it depends on how you prepare it, yes, specifically, 248 00:17:41,200 --> 00:17:46,040 Speaker 1: so in this case, Um, we do have some numbers 249 00:17:46,160 --> 00:17:51,240 Speaker 1: for you. Yes, there are hundreds of known species of pufferfish, 250 00:17:51,320 --> 00:17:55,560 Speaker 1: and as of twenty nineteen, twenty two are proved for 251 00:17:55,640 --> 00:18:00,240 Speaker 1: restaurant use. In Japan. Fuku is a very popular ish 252 00:18:00,280 --> 00:18:03,760 Speaker 1: in Japan. Over three thousand, eight hundred restaurants are certified 253 00:18:03,880 --> 00:18:07,320 Speaker 1: to serve it. The Japanese reportedly eat an annual ten 254 00:18:07,400 --> 00:18:11,520 Speaker 1: thousand tons of fugu fish, and to meet demand, Osaka 255 00:18:11,560 --> 00:18:17,040 Speaker 1: has eighty thousand fuguo chefs and uh, the training for 256 00:18:17,080 --> 00:18:20,360 Speaker 1: this is quite difficult and the test is very long. UM, 257 00:18:20,600 --> 00:18:23,040 Speaker 1: so it's not something you sort of get into on 258 00:18:23,080 --> 00:18:27,119 Speaker 1: a whim. Uh. One third of chefs who take this 259 00:18:27,200 --> 00:18:31,399 Speaker 1: exam to prepare fugu fail it. And it's expensive. A 260 00:18:31,440 --> 00:18:34,160 Speaker 1: single plate can run you up to two hundred dollars. 261 00:18:34,200 --> 00:18:36,679 Speaker 1: I think most things I saw said between eighty dollars 262 00:18:36,680 --> 00:18:39,840 Speaker 1: and two hundred dollars. Sort of what you're looking. Yeah, yeah, 263 00:18:40,119 --> 00:18:43,639 Speaker 1: even just even just a tiny sample of of sushibi 264 00:18:43,720 --> 00:18:49,120 Speaker 1: can can be like forty bucks or more. UM. Of 265 00:18:49,119 --> 00:18:52,439 Speaker 1: of Japan's fugu is farmed, and the wild cut ones 266 00:18:52,600 --> 00:18:55,280 Speaker 1: are like four to five times more expensive than the 267 00:18:55,320 --> 00:19:00,119 Speaker 1: farmed ones. And about fifty people a year suffer from 268 00:19:00,119 --> 00:19:03,800 Speaker 1: fugu poisoning and around thirty incidents some fatal in Japan. 269 00:19:04,200 --> 00:19:07,080 Speaker 1: The numbers do get a little messy, and depending on 270 00:19:07,080 --> 00:19:09,639 Speaker 1: where you find them, they can they can vary, but 271 00:19:10,000 --> 00:19:13,080 Speaker 1: something like that. This accounts for half of all food 272 00:19:13,080 --> 00:19:17,160 Speaker 1: poisoning deaths in that country. Um. There are a few 273 00:19:17,200 --> 00:19:21,240 Speaker 1: cases a year in Taiwan as well. It's banned across 274 00:19:21,359 --> 00:19:24,160 Speaker 1: the European Union and the United Kingdom and very very 275 00:19:24,200 --> 00:19:28,320 Speaker 1: strictly regulated um to only a handful of specialized restaurants 276 00:19:28,320 --> 00:19:31,399 Speaker 1: in the United States, but many of the deaths result 277 00:19:31,440 --> 00:19:36,639 Speaker 1: from people catching their own and attempting to prepare it themselves, 278 00:19:37,359 --> 00:19:43,080 Speaker 1: not recommended. No no, no, no no no. Uh. So 279 00:19:43,359 --> 00:19:48,400 Speaker 1: the history of this of eating food is fascinating, it 280 00:19:48,560 --> 00:19:51,000 Speaker 1: is uh and we will get into that as soon 281 00:19:51,040 --> 00:19:52,439 Speaker 1: as we get back from a quick break for a 282 00:19:52,440 --> 00:20:04,880 Speaker 1: word from our sponsor, and we're back. Thank you, sponsor, Yes, 283 00:20:04,960 --> 00:20:09,400 Speaker 1: thank you. So fu goo fish go way, way way back. 284 00:20:09,600 --> 00:20:12,919 Speaker 1: Um Fugu bones found in what we're essentially ancient trash 285 00:20:13,000 --> 00:20:16,040 Speaker 1: dumps date back to two thousand, eight hundred years ago 286 00:20:16,080 --> 00:20:18,960 Speaker 1: in Japan, which historians believe suggest people may have been 287 00:20:19,000 --> 00:20:23,600 Speaker 1: eating this fish as early as that. In the ancient 288 00:20:23,680 --> 00:20:27,960 Speaker 1: Chinese text Sean Hijing Are the Classic of Mountains and Seas, 289 00:20:28,520 --> 00:20:31,199 Speaker 1: possibly written in some version all the way back to 290 00:20:31,320 --> 00:20:35,760 Speaker 1: four century BC, included a mention of the deadly nature 291 00:20:35,920 --> 00:20:40,199 Speaker 1: of eating fugu. Centuries later, though, sometime from one thousand 292 00:20:40,240 --> 00:20:45,439 Speaker 1: to one thousand, poet Susha wrote several poems praising the 293 00:20:45,480 --> 00:20:51,320 Speaker 1: fugu fish. So um figu appeared in Japan's first published history, 294 00:20:51,440 --> 00:20:55,639 Speaker 1: and seven early chefs did figure out traditional methods of 295 00:20:55,680 --> 00:21:00,920 Speaker 1: cleansing that liver for consumption, and I couldn't track down 296 00:21:01,000 --> 00:21:03,720 Speaker 1: a date range for when this began, but at some 297 00:21:03,840 --> 00:21:07,239 Speaker 1: point after leprosy entered Japan around the eighth century CE, 298 00:21:08,520 --> 00:21:12,199 Speaker 1: ugu became a folk treatment for the symptoms because it 299 00:21:12,240 --> 00:21:19,240 Speaker 1: could relieve pain. Huh ooh u whoa. On the other end, 300 00:21:19,480 --> 00:21:23,840 Speaker 1: Japan outlawed the eating of fuguil in the sixteenth century 301 00:21:23,840 --> 00:21:26,120 Speaker 1: after there was a spate of death due to the toxin. 302 00:21:26,760 --> 00:21:32,000 Speaker 1: According to some sources I found, specifically after several soldiers 303 00:21:32,320 --> 00:21:35,200 Speaker 1: were impacted before the invasion of Korea was scheduled to 304 00:21:35,240 --> 00:21:39,240 Speaker 1: take place. It was allegedly the only food that the 305 00:21:39,240 --> 00:21:42,399 Speaker 1: emperor was not allowed to eat for fear of death, 306 00:21:42,560 --> 00:21:46,280 Speaker 1: and even touching that was prohibited to um. Yeah, no 307 00:21:47,160 --> 00:21:50,240 Speaker 1: legend go Samurai that suffered from food gue poisoning were 308 00:21:50,240 --> 00:21:55,960 Speaker 1: required to kill off their entire family. Huh. Yeah. I 309 00:21:56,000 --> 00:22:00,119 Speaker 1: will say that the most legends about samurai are very 310 00:22:00,240 --> 00:22:04,159 Speaker 1: uh legendi. Yes, I actually feel a lot of the 311 00:22:04,400 --> 00:22:09,160 Speaker 1: especially older history for this one, is very very legend 312 00:22:09,280 --> 00:22:11,800 Speaker 1: e uh. And that makes sense to me that there's 313 00:22:11,840 --> 00:22:14,840 Speaker 1: this thing that can kill you, and of course there'd 314 00:22:14,840 --> 00:22:18,880 Speaker 1: be sis about it. Yeah, but that is a good 315 00:22:18,880 --> 00:22:22,040 Speaker 1: note to put in here. I do think a lot 316 00:22:22,040 --> 00:22:27,400 Speaker 1: of this is over time, been perhaps lost or exagerated 317 00:22:27,920 --> 00:22:31,359 Speaker 1: or yeah, just you know, made a little bit more fun. Yeah, 318 00:22:31,359 --> 00:22:36,280 Speaker 1: in a kill your family sort of way, right, the best, 319 00:22:36,359 --> 00:22:41,560 Speaker 1: the most fun times in the four James Cook is 320 00:22:41,560 --> 00:22:43,439 Speaker 1: believed to have written about a mild case of fugu 321 00:22:43,480 --> 00:22:46,760 Speaker 1: poisoning after his crew ate some of the fish. Around 322 00:22:46,800 --> 00:22:51,960 Speaker 1: the same time, Japanese Yusa Bousson wrote a haiku about fugu. 323 00:22:52,119 --> 00:22:54,399 Speaker 1: I cannot see her tonight. I have to give her 324 00:22:54,520 --> 00:22:56,959 Speaker 1: up so I will eat food. So I guess it's 325 00:22:56,960 --> 00:23:00,439 Speaker 1: not specifically about fugu, but fugu plays a role there. 326 00:23:01,160 --> 00:23:06,639 Speaker 1: It certainly does. Yes, Yes. Starting in eighteen seventy nine, 327 00:23:06,840 --> 00:23:11,320 Speaker 1: the Japanese government began collecting an annual food poisoning report, 328 00:23:11,760 --> 00:23:20,639 Speaker 1: including fugu numbers. Wow, that's a pretty long time, right in. 329 00:23:21,560 --> 00:23:25,399 Speaker 1: Consumption of fugu rose dramatically after the then Prime Minister 330 00:23:25,480 --> 00:23:28,439 Speaker 1: in Japan's very first prime minister declared his love for 331 00:23:28,480 --> 00:23:33,760 Speaker 1: the taste of fugu and repealed the band. Now this 332 00:23:33,800 --> 00:23:37,520 Speaker 1: story is also very legend e and in some versions 333 00:23:37,960 --> 00:23:41,680 Speaker 1: because remember it was illegal at the time and that 334 00:23:41,920 --> 00:23:49,240 Speaker 1: somebody in theory served the Prime Minister in illegal possibly 335 00:23:49,400 --> 00:23:55,080 Speaker 1: deadly fish, and then he loved it so much that 336 00:23:55,119 --> 00:23:59,200 Speaker 1: he was like, you know what, you know, yeah, bring 337 00:23:59,280 --> 00:24:03,120 Speaker 1: me more. This ban is over. So there there are 338 00:24:03,160 --> 00:24:05,520 Speaker 1: a lot of very fun versions of that story and 339 00:24:05,560 --> 00:24:08,920 Speaker 1: what went down there. Um, and this took place in 340 00:24:09,160 --> 00:24:12,719 Speaker 1: Shimono Seki City, which was the first place that lifted 341 00:24:12,720 --> 00:24:16,159 Speaker 1: the ban on eating fugu. Because of this, they have 342 00:24:16,280 --> 00:24:21,400 Speaker 1: their own brand, Shimonoseki Fugu, and it's sort of become 343 00:24:21,440 --> 00:24:26,879 Speaker 1: a distribution center despite not being the top producer the prefecture. 344 00:24:26,920 --> 00:24:29,840 Speaker 1: It's located in Yamaguchi Prefecture, is home to most of 345 00:24:29,840 --> 00:24:33,320 Speaker 1: the fugu processing plants in the country. And yeah, the 346 00:24:33,320 --> 00:24:36,000 Speaker 1: Prime Minister granted the first official license to serve fugu 347 00:24:36,040 --> 00:24:39,760 Speaker 1: to a restaurant in that area. In some stories go 348 00:24:40,119 --> 00:24:42,520 Speaker 1: it's the one he had it at, which would make sense. 349 00:24:44,320 --> 00:24:48,480 Speaker 1: According to the Washington Post, there is a monument of 350 00:24:48,520 --> 00:24:51,920 Speaker 1: the fugu fish outside the fish market in Shimonoseki City, 351 00:24:51,960 --> 00:24:55,480 Speaker 1: and every year in February, some people pray outside of 352 00:24:55,480 --> 00:24:58,240 Speaker 1: it for a bountiful fugu catch, and each year the 353 00:24:58,280 --> 00:25:01,160 Speaker 1: town gives the emperor with fugu. Now, yeah, if you're 354 00:25:01,200 --> 00:25:05,320 Speaker 1: like me, you're thinking about Wait, didn't I just read 355 00:25:05,400 --> 00:25:09,040 Speaker 1: somewhere that the emperor can't have ugu as prohibity, can't 356 00:25:09,040 --> 00:25:15,080 Speaker 1: even touch it. Apparently, um that's it was a certain 357 00:25:15,119 --> 00:25:17,719 Speaker 1: period of time. I couldn't find like a real answer 358 00:25:17,800 --> 00:25:22,439 Speaker 1: for this. Uh my best guess is that, yeah, for 359 00:25:22,560 --> 00:25:24,719 Speaker 1: a period the emperor couldn't have it or touch it. 360 00:25:24,880 --> 00:25:28,040 Speaker 1: But I don't know if anyone has any clarity around that, 361 00:25:28,400 --> 00:25:30,680 Speaker 1: because I was very confused. I'm like, why are you 362 00:25:30,720 --> 00:25:33,399 Speaker 1: sitting at the emperor something he can't even touch? I 363 00:25:33,440 --> 00:25:41,040 Speaker 1: don't know. Also worth noting, um as these bands were 364 00:25:41,080 --> 00:25:46,440 Speaker 1: in place, some chefs kept serving foogoo anyway, as is 365 00:25:46,440 --> 00:25:48,920 Speaker 1: apparent by this whole story, and health officials often didn't 366 00:25:48,920 --> 00:25:55,000 Speaker 1: report them as long as there were no incidents. Yes, yes, 367 00:25:56,359 --> 00:26:01,760 Speaker 1: um In A Japanese searcher by the name of doctor 368 00:26:01,840 --> 00:26:06,720 Speaker 1: Tahara Yoshizumi of the National Institute of Hygienic Sciences started 369 00:26:06,760 --> 00:26:10,720 Speaker 1: in on a chemical study of what was causing all 370 00:26:10,800 --> 00:26:15,400 Speaker 1: of this fuss about fugu um and, along with other 371 00:26:15,400 --> 00:26:18,439 Speaker 1: research from the University of Tokyo Faculty of Medicine, over 372 00:26:18,400 --> 00:26:21,280 Speaker 1: for the next three decades, like three decades, like this 373 00:26:21,320 --> 00:26:25,760 Speaker 1: was a really long ongoing research project. By nineteen o nine, 374 00:26:26,000 --> 00:26:30,520 Speaker 1: Dr Tahara had isolated this toxic substance from pepper fish 375 00:26:30,560 --> 00:26:35,120 Speaker 1: ovaries and confirmed that it is indeed the active ingredient 376 00:26:35,440 --> 00:26:39,400 Speaker 1: that makes food poisonous um and named it to trot 377 00:26:39,440 --> 00:26:45,960 Speaker 1: to toxin And there you go. Yes. To promote safer 378 00:26:46,040 --> 00:26:49,840 Speaker 1: eating through education around handling in preparation, the Tokyo Fugu 379 00:26:49,880 --> 00:26:53,680 Speaker 1: Cooking Alliance was formed in nineteen thirty. As a result, 380 00:26:54,040 --> 00:26:57,320 Speaker 1: the consumption rate rose even more and there is a 381 00:26:57,440 --> 00:27:02,000 Speaker 1: very fun statue of fugu in Tokyo to commemorate this event. 382 00:27:03,200 --> 00:27:10,640 Speaker 1: More more travel goals. Up until um, everyone thought that 383 00:27:10,880 --> 00:27:14,840 Speaker 1: puffer fish were the only creatures that contain to try 384 00:27:14,880 --> 00:27:18,720 Speaker 1: to toxin. And then and then it was just suddenly 385 00:27:18,800 --> 00:27:24,320 Speaker 1: discovered in this species of newt living in California, like 386 00:27:25,400 --> 00:27:29,439 Speaker 1: not even in the ocean, not even there. Part of 387 00:27:29,480 --> 00:27:34,880 Speaker 1: the conspiracy. Oh have you ever seen a newt I'm 388 00:27:34,920 --> 00:27:39,600 Speaker 1: not sure I have, and now I'm not sure. I 389 00:27:39,680 --> 00:27:44,040 Speaker 1: want to clearly shady creatures. They're the land a version, 390 00:27:44,560 --> 00:27:48,920 Speaker 1: they're the land invasion of the puffer fish. So so 391 00:27:48,920 --> 00:27:52,120 Speaker 1: so after this newt um was discovered to have it, uh, 392 00:27:52,280 --> 00:27:54,679 Speaker 1: they the researchers were like, well, back to the research 393 00:27:54,760 --> 00:27:57,160 Speaker 1: drawing board and tried to go back and figure out 394 00:27:57,600 --> 00:28:00,640 Speaker 1: what else contains it and uh, and how how it's 395 00:28:00,640 --> 00:28:09,760 Speaker 1: developed biochemically, Yes, we need to know. Also, I found 396 00:28:09,760 --> 00:28:13,119 Speaker 1: a lot of numbers that I couldn't really get to 397 00:28:13,240 --> 00:28:17,920 Speaker 1: the bottom of UM that showed a really huge spike 398 00:28:18,520 --> 00:28:22,960 Speaker 1: in fugu poisoning in the nineteen fifties UM in Japan. 399 00:28:23,880 --> 00:28:29,680 Speaker 1: So I'm not entirely sure if that's true. It would 400 00:28:29,720 --> 00:28:31,320 Speaker 1: make sense if more people were eating it and there 401 00:28:31,359 --> 00:28:35,920 Speaker 1: weren't necessarily as many regulations in place, but just put 402 00:28:35,960 --> 00:28:38,480 Speaker 1: that out there because they were pretty high. It was 403 00:28:38,520 --> 00:28:43,280 Speaker 1: a lot um. A nineteen seven seen from the Japanese 404 00:28:43,320 --> 00:28:46,360 Speaker 1: show Truck Guys depicts one of the main characters attempting 405 00:28:46,400 --> 00:28:49,840 Speaker 1: to cure his fugu poisoning by bearing himself up to 406 00:28:49,840 --> 00:28:53,160 Speaker 1: the neck and sand I tried to figure out why 407 00:28:53,200 --> 00:28:58,680 Speaker 1: that would be and apparently it's like a folk remedy. 408 00:28:58,960 --> 00:29:04,320 Speaker 1: There's a legend but works. Um. So there's that. Two 409 00:29:04,400 --> 00:29:08,240 Speaker 1: years earlier, in nine five, a famous kabuki star, like 410 00:29:08,280 --> 00:29:12,600 Speaker 1: really famous, died from eating too much fogo. The Ministry 411 00:29:12,600 --> 00:29:15,720 Speaker 1: of Health prohibited serving the liver in response, and from 412 00:29:15,720 --> 00:29:20,080 Speaker 1: what it sounds like, he was really drunk, mum, and 413 00:29:20,120 --> 00:29:23,320 Speaker 1: so he couldn't he ate more than he should have 414 00:29:23,360 --> 00:29:27,120 Speaker 1: been served, and he couldn't feel the effects because he 415 00:29:27,200 --> 00:29:29,840 Speaker 1: was drunk, the early effects because he was Yeah, yeah, 416 00:29:29,960 --> 00:29:33,640 Speaker 1: I think. In the eighties, the books The Serpent and 417 00:29:33,680 --> 00:29:36,360 Speaker 1: the Rainbow and Path the Darkness The Ethnobiology of the 418 00:29:36,400 --> 00:29:41,400 Speaker 1: Haitian Zombie by Wade Davis alleged Haitian zombies were created 419 00:29:41,520 --> 00:29:44,760 Speaker 1: through doses of puffer fish toxin that took someone to 420 00:29:44,840 --> 00:29:47,360 Speaker 1: the brink of death before they returned in the zombie 421 00:29:47,400 --> 00:29:50,640 Speaker 1: like state. The Serpent and the Rainbow was made into 422 00:29:50,640 --> 00:29:53,040 Speaker 1: a movie the same person who did The Nightmare on 423 00:29:53,080 --> 00:30:00,000 Speaker 1: Elm Street. Huh huh. In China banned the domestic dish 424 00:30:00,000 --> 00:30:02,800 Speaker 1: tribution and consumption of foo goo, so some companies pivoted 425 00:30:02,800 --> 00:30:08,520 Speaker 1: to farming fugu for export in China allowed for small 426 00:30:08,640 --> 00:30:12,080 Speaker 1: quantities of foogu to be eaten in their country. Again 427 00:30:14,680 --> 00:30:18,800 Speaker 1: another science note. In two thousand one, puffer fish became 428 00:30:18,840 --> 00:30:23,320 Speaker 1: the first vertebrate other than humans to have its genome 429 00:30:23,440 --> 00:30:28,120 Speaker 1: be draft sequenced. UM researchers had been working on this 430 00:30:28,160 --> 00:30:32,240 Speaker 1: since the early nineties at least because puffer fish, as 431 00:30:32,280 --> 00:30:36,320 Speaker 1: it turns out, have one of the smallest known vertebrate genomes, 432 00:30:36,360 --> 00:30:39,040 Speaker 1: only about like an eighth to a tenth of the 433 00:30:39,120 --> 00:30:42,360 Speaker 1: size of the human genome um, with fewer repeats but 434 00:30:42,480 --> 00:30:46,719 Speaker 1: overall similar gene content. So the hope was that in 435 00:30:46,800 --> 00:30:50,440 Speaker 1: sequencing the genome of the puffer fish, we could like 436 00:30:50,440 --> 00:30:53,080 Speaker 1: like compare and contrast with our own and learn more 437 00:30:53,640 --> 00:31:00,240 Speaker 1: about ourselves. We must look to the puffer fish, must 438 00:31:00,280 --> 00:31:05,360 Speaker 1: look to the pupper fish our enemy, but also our 439 00:31:05,560 --> 00:31:13,240 Speaker 1: other half. Um Researchers at Nagasaki University figured out how 440 00:31:13,240 --> 00:31:17,120 Speaker 1: to purify the diets of the fugu to breed non 441 00:31:17,160 --> 00:31:22,640 Speaker 1: toxic versions in two thousand four, primarily for selling the liver. Allegedly, 442 00:31:23,360 --> 00:31:25,680 Speaker 1: the head scientists on this project was a bit beatter 443 00:31:25,720 --> 00:31:28,800 Speaker 1: sweet about it, saying a fugu without its poison is 444 00:31:28,800 --> 00:31:35,920 Speaker 1: like a samurai without his sword. WHOA yeah, yeah, that's 445 00:31:35,960 --> 00:31:40,720 Speaker 1: the person who's leading this project, saying, oh that's fascinating, 446 00:31:40,880 --> 00:31:43,880 Speaker 1: um and and yeah, these projects are are successful. You 447 00:31:43,880 --> 00:31:48,520 Speaker 1: can totally like like detoxify uh fugu, depending on the 448 00:31:48,520 --> 00:31:51,760 Speaker 1: diet that you serve them, um or you can pretty 449 00:31:51,760 --> 00:31:54,640 Speaker 1: well in many cases. It's again it's a large number 450 00:31:54,640 --> 00:31:57,400 Speaker 1: of species and people. Research is ongoing. No one is 451 00:31:57,560 --> 00:32:03,840 Speaker 1: entirely sure what's behind this nearatoxin um. In two thousand seven, 452 00:32:04,320 --> 00:32:09,320 Speaker 1: after mislabeled puffer fish entered the United States market and 453 00:32:09,360 --> 00:32:13,280 Speaker 1: made several people sick, that prompted the f d A 454 00:32:13,480 --> 00:32:17,720 Speaker 1: to to finally put their foot down about fish fraud, 455 00:32:18,160 --> 00:32:22,360 Speaker 1: so they teamed up with the Smithsonian to start a 456 00:32:22,440 --> 00:32:31,200 Speaker 1: database of fish DNA UM. The plot thickens because the Smithsonian, 457 00:32:31,600 --> 00:32:36,880 Speaker 1: as it turns out, already had the largest museum preserved 458 00:32:37,120 --> 00:32:43,560 Speaker 1: fish collection in the world. So they were like, hey, 459 00:32:43,600 --> 00:32:49,440 Speaker 1: Smithsonian Institute, Division of Fisheries and also Laboratories of Analytical Biology. 460 00:32:49,640 --> 00:32:52,880 Speaker 1: I bet y'all want to collect some DNA samples and 461 00:32:52,920 --> 00:32:57,600 Speaker 1: start a database. And the Smithsonian was like, totes we do. Um, 462 00:32:59,720 --> 00:33:06,840 Speaker 1: this is the movie I want to see. Uh Yeah, 463 00:33:06,880 --> 00:33:10,320 Speaker 1: the database went live in inn. It's a it's a 464 00:33:10,400 --> 00:33:18,640 Speaker 1: really successful project. That's that's really cool. I love that. Also, 465 00:33:19,720 --> 00:33:23,760 Speaker 1: there was the death of a British businessman that was 466 00:33:23,800 --> 00:33:27,360 Speaker 1: thought to possibly be a case of murder by fugu. 467 00:33:27,800 --> 00:33:35,120 Speaker 1: Murder by yes uh I. I read a couple of 468 00:33:35,240 --> 00:33:38,680 Speaker 1: articles about it and it seems that they were I 469 00:33:38,680 --> 00:33:41,800 Speaker 1: don't know I'd give it like an eight positive. They 470 00:33:41,800 --> 00:33:47,800 Speaker 1: seemed pretty positive about it that it was. Yeah, so, 471 00:33:49,040 --> 00:33:56,280 Speaker 1: I mean, geez, it's potent stuff. Uh. Oh, Tokyo relax 472 00:33:56,360 --> 00:33:59,880 Speaker 1: some of their strict rules around fugu in they all 473 00:34:00,000 --> 00:34:04,440 Speaker 1: out for shops and restaurants to sell fugu that had 474 00:34:04,480 --> 00:34:08,279 Speaker 1: the poisonous body parts removed without a certified foo goo 475 00:34:08,440 --> 00:34:13,760 Speaker 1: chef um. And also that these relaxing of regulations allowed 476 00:34:13,760 --> 00:34:18,360 Speaker 1: for the sale process fugu that also had those poisonous 477 00:34:18,400 --> 00:34:21,759 Speaker 1: bits taken out. Uh. And as you can imagine, a 478 00:34:21,880 --> 00:34:27,840 Speaker 1: lot of certified shows we're not happy about this. Oh sure, yeah. Again, 479 00:34:27,880 --> 00:34:31,960 Speaker 1: it's a lot of training. Um. They take it very seriously, 480 00:34:32,080 --> 00:34:42,399 Speaker 1: as one would hope dangerous food eating environment. Yeah yeah, 481 00:34:42,440 --> 00:34:45,000 Speaker 1: but but no, there there there is, as I said, 482 00:34:45,000 --> 00:34:50,959 Speaker 1: ongoing research about reducing the toxicity of these creatures. So yeah, 483 00:34:51,000 --> 00:34:56,319 Speaker 1: and you know, I'm curious if because I do think 484 00:34:56,480 --> 00:34:59,879 Speaker 1: part of the allure, at least some of it has 485 00:35:00,000 --> 00:35:04,600 Speaker 1: to be this brush with death. Are they eating something 486 00:35:05,239 --> 00:35:10,479 Speaker 1: that could potentially sexy? Yeah, right, so if they get 487 00:35:10,560 --> 00:35:14,480 Speaker 1: rid of the toxin, I'm just curious. I feel happ 488 00:35:14,440 --> 00:35:16,720 Speaker 1: people be like, I don't want that purefi. I want 489 00:35:16,960 --> 00:35:19,919 Speaker 1: the one that there's a little bit of a risk, 490 00:35:20,320 --> 00:35:22,799 Speaker 1: not a lot of a risk, Do you know what 491 00:35:22,840 --> 00:35:26,880 Speaker 1: I mean? I know exactly what you mean. Yeah, that 492 00:35:29,239 --> 00:35:32,000 Speaker 1: I feel like that's the big Alauran. A lot of 493 00:35:32,000 --> 00:35:35,120 Speaker 1: people are gonna they're not gonna want that either, unless 494 00:35:35,120 --> 00:35:36,640 Speaker 1: I can totally see if you want to cook it 495 00:35:36,680 --> 00:35:38,480 Speaker 1: at home, if you happen to just really like the 496 00:35:38,520 --> 00:35:41,800 Speaker 1: taste or something taste right, sure you don't want have 497 00:35:41,840 --> 00:35:43,600 Speaker 1: to go to a restaurant and do the whole thing 498 00:35:44,360 --> 00:35:49,239 Speaker 1: two bucks and rum. Yeah, I mean, And I guess 499 00:35:49,280 --> 00:35:52,560 Speaker 1: biologically humans do a lot of that. I mean a 500 00:35:52,560 --> 00:35:54,640 Speaker 1: lot of the things I like. How often on the 501 00:35:54,640 --> 00:35:57,880 Speaker 1: show do I get to say that, like like suckers, 502 00:35:57,960 --> 00:36:00,560 Speaker 1: Humans like that defense mechanism that you it up to 503 00:36:00,800 --> 00:36:07,200 Speaker 1: prevent things from eating you. We find a way, in 504 00:36:07,239 --> 00:36:13,360 Speaker 1: the words of mean Malcolm, appetite um finds a way 505 00:36:13,600 --> 00:36:19,000 Speaker 1: exactly m m hm. So I'm interested to see what 506 00:36:19,080 --> 00:36:23,560 Speaker 1: this future research where it goes, and yes, how people 507 00:36:24,400 --> 00:36:27,439 Speaker 1: what they're going to want or choose when it comes 508 00:36:27,480 --> 00:36:32,879 Speaker 1: to beating it. Interested absolutely, Oh, and it could give 509 00:36:33,000 --> 00:36:36,719 Speaker 1: rise to so much fraud because you could lie, you 510 00:36:36,760 --> 00:36:43,480 Speaker 1: could say it's a dangerous kind and it's not. Oh wow, 511 00:36:43,520 --> 00:36:46,919 Speaker 1: there's a lot of stuff that could go on here. 512 00:36:48,400 --> 00:36:55,640 Speaker 1: Conspiracies abound truly in the puffer fish episode, just like 513 00:36:55,680 --> 00:37:04,480 Speaker 1: the pupper Fish conspiracies. Oh no, uh well, that is 514 00:37:04,520 --> 00:37:07,520 Speaker 1: about what we have to say about the puffer fish. 515 00:37:07,560 --> 00:37:10,200 Speaker 1: We do have some listener mail for you, but first 516 00:37:10,239 --> 00:37:12,239 Speaker 1: we've got one more quick break for a word from 517 00:37:12,280 --> 00:37:24,200 Speaker 1: our sponsor, and we're back. Thank you, sponsor, Yes, thank you, 518 00:37:24,560 --> 00:37:37,160 Speaker 1: And we're back with That's a fun one. I really 519 00:37:37,200 --> 00:37:42,239 Speaker 1: do love puffer fish, so just a very weird thing 520 00:37:42,320 --> 00:37:46,600 Speaker 1: of beauty. They're yeah, they're so, they are so cute. 521 00:37:47,440 --> 00:37:53,280 Speaker 1: They are really adorable, and I know how how cheesy 522 00:37:53,280 --> 00:37:56,080 Speaker 1: it is, but I really love like a puffer fish lamp. 523 00:37:56,719 --> 00:38:00,279 Speaker 1: Oh yeah, that is that. That is when you know 524 00:38:00,400 --> 00:38:04,279 Speaker 1: that you are in a tiki bar. I was going 525 00:38:04,360 --> 00:38:06,200 Speaker 1: to add a qualifier, but I don't think I need 526 00:38:06,200 --> 00:38:08,960 Speaker 1: to just a tiki bar period. And I love when 527 00:38:08,960 --> 00:38:13,200 Speaker 1: you accidentally like brushed by the needles of those lamps 528 00:38:13,360 --> 00:38:19,920 Speaker 1: and they and you're like, wow, this is not something 529 00:38:19,960 --> 00:38:24,200 Speaker 1: to be messed with. This is a danger lamp. We 530 00:38:24,280 --> 00:38:30,400 Speaker 1: all know about danger lamps. That is true. That is true. Also, 531 00:38:30,560 --> 00:38:35,319 Speaker 1: I want to note I was as Lauren pointed out 532 00:38:35,400 --> 00:38:38,160 Speaker 1: during a break, I was saying foogoo fish, which is 533 00:38:38,200 --> 00:38:39,920 Speaker 1: how I thought written all the places, but it was 534 00:38:39,960 --> 00:38:43,239 Speaker 1: probably unnecessary, but I'm unwilling to go back and do it, 535 00:38:43,440 --> 00:38:46,640 Speaker 1: and I'm unwilling to make Andrew cut it out. So well, 536 00:38:46,760 --> 00:38:51,080 Speaker 1: there you go. Yeah, I'm pretty sure it's redundant in 537 00:38:51,440 --> 00:38:54,560 Speaker 1: I'm but kind of like saying like pizza pie or 538 00:38:54,640 --> 00:38:58,520 Speaker 1: something like that. But as I as I reassured any earlier, 539 00:38:58,600 --> 00:39:01,600 Speaker 1: I don't. I don't think it's a big deal. Hope 540 00:39:01,600 --> 00:39:05,759 Speaker 1: it's not. Oh no, I'm not ready for a big 541 00:39:05,800 --> 00:39:07,600 Speaker 1: deal right now. I don't need a big deal in 542 00:39:07,600 --> 00:39:11,320 Speaker 1: my life. And no, totally fair, totally fair. Okay, definitely 543 00:39:11,360 --> 00:39:15,480 Speaker 1: not a big deal. Thank you. Let's get to some 544 00:39:15,560 --> 00:39:19,040 Speaker 1: delightful listener mail. Yes, yes, yes, kind of speaking a 545 00:39:19,080 --> 00:39:22,640 Speaker 1: big deal. Um. I absolutely loved your episode on the 546 00:39:22,680 --> 00:39:25,400 Speaker 1: Gen and Tonic. Your actions to pre mixed tinned G 547 00:39:25,560 --> 00:39:27,520 Speaker 1: and T s made me laugh out loud on my 548 00:39:27,640 --> 00:39:30,239 Speaker 1: run here in Scotland, pre mix G and T s, 549 00:39:30,320 --> 00:39:34,960 Speaker 1: often referred to as gin in a tin, are a 550 00:39:35,000 --> 00:39:39,120 Speaker 1: bit of a phenomenon. They are people's go to drink 551 00:39:39,160 --> 00:39:41,040 Speaker 1: if they're going to the beach, or a picnic, or 552 00:39:41,080 --> 00:39:43,240 Speaker 1: even just a night in I'm aware that you original 553 00:39:43,280 --> 00:39:45,400 Speaker 1: episode was recorded before any of this happened, but I 554 00:39:45,400 --> 00:39:47,759 Speaker 1: want to share a story which brought the beloved gin 555 00:39:47,840 --> 00:39:51,560 Speaker 1: in a Tin to our news headlines recently. In April 556 00:39:51,560 --> 00:39:55,920 Speaker 1: twenty nineteen, a Labor politician called Diane Abbott was photographed 557 00:39:55,920 --> 00:39:58,480 Speaker 1: on her commute drinking a pre mixed mohito on a 558 00:39:58,520 --> 00:40:02,440 Speaker 1: train in London, something which is strictly forbidden on London 559 00:40:02,520 --> 00:40:05,400 Speaker 1: public transport. Because she is a black woman and a 560 00:40:05,400 --> 00:40:07,720 Speaker 1: politician for the Labor Party, a lot of the media 561 00:40:07,760 --> 00:40:10,880 Speaker 1: took this as an opportunity to unfairly write horrible articles 562 00:40:10,920 --> 00:40:13,879 Speaker 1: about her, judging her in every way. However, a lot 563 00:40:13,880 --> 00:40:16,759 Speaker 1: of the public reacted in a compassionate we've all been 564 00:40:16,800 --> 00:40:21,920 Speaker 1: there way. Drinking on most trains isn't illegal just in London, 565 00:40:22,360 --> 00:40:25,920 Speaker 1: so this led to a lot of people posting photos 566 00:40:26,000 --> 00:40:29,040 Speaker 1: of their pre mixed cocktails and most popularly a gin 567 00:40:29,120 --> 00:40:32,759 Speaker 1: in a ten on their own commutes and journeys with 568 00:40:32,840 --> 00:40:37,480 Speaker 1: the hashtags just sweet Diane. A us um at the 569 00:40:37,560 --> 00:40:39,400 Speaker 1: start of the year, I got on a train at 570 00:40:39,400 --> 00:40:41,400 Speaker 1: about a p m on a Saturday night after a 571 00:40:41,480 --> 00:40:44,839 Speaker 1: very busy and stressful week. Um. Of course I had 572 00:40:44,920 --> 00:40:48,000 Speaker 1: packed snacks in a gin in a ten and before 573 00:40:48,000 --> 00:40:50,120 Speaker 1: cracking open, I checked with the conductor that it was 574 00:40:50,160 --> 00:40:52,520 Speaker 1: still legal for me to drink at that time, whilst 575 00:40:52,640 --> 00:40:54,799 Speaker 1: reassuring him I had had a very busy week and 576 00:40:54,880 --> 00:40:59,160 Speaker 1: just wanted to unwind. His response, we've all been their son. 577 00:40:59,640 --> 00:41:02,799 Speaker 1: If it's good enough for Diane Abbott's good enough for you. 578 00:41:03,480 --> 00:41:06,080 Speaker 1: Needless to say, that was the only encouragement I needed, 579 00:41:06,160 --> 00:41:08,000 Speaker 1: and it was one of the best gen's in a 580 00:41:08,080 --> 00:41:14,440 Speaker 1: ten I've had in a long time. First of all, 581 00:41:14,520 --> 00:41:17,920 Speaker 1: gin in at ten is excellent. That is a great 582 00:41:18,000 --> 00:41:20,960 Speaker 1: phrase that I have not heard, I don't think, and 583 00:41:21,120 --> 00:41:26,359 Speaker 1: thank you. Yes, I'm looking to incorporate it more. Um 584 00:41:26,520 --> 00:41:29,120 Speaker 1: A second, I love that, like we've all been there. 585 00:41:30,680 --> 00:41:38,000 Speaker 1: Oh yeah, it's okay though, haven't we. M M. I'm 586 00:41:38,000 --> 00:41:41,759 Speaker 1: gonna look for a gin in a ten. Yeah, summertime. 587 00:41:41,840 --> 00:41:45,160 Speaker 1: I've been feeling like I want to try this. Yeah. 588 00:41:45,600 --> 00:41:48,920 Speaker 1: I think that that that brand a long drink um 589 00:41:49,480 --> 00:41:57,080 Speaker 1: is essentially a gin in a ten. So okay, uh 590 00:41:57,239 --> 00:42:00,440 Speaker 1: Luke wrote for some fun, I thought give you a 591 00:42:00,480 --> 00:42:04,080 Speaker 1: little more info on far fetched. It's been around since 592 00:42:04,120 --> 00:42:06,960 Speaker 1: the very first generation of Pokemon, and it's never been 593 00:42:07,080 --> 00:42:10,280 Speaker 1: very good as far as Pokemon go in terms of battling, 594 00:42:10,480 --> 00:42:12,919 Speaker 1: but there's been some talk amongst fans for some time 595 00:42:12,920 --> 00:42:15,600 Speaker 1: now that far Fetched should receive some love from game 596 00:42:15,600 --> 00:42:18,279 Speaker 1: Freak to give far Fetched more of a chance. In 597 00:42:18,320 --> 00:42:21,680 Speaker 1: the latest generation, uh Sword and Shield or Gen eight, 598 00:42:21,840 --> 00:42:25,480 Speaker 1: far Fetched had something wonderful happen. It got both a 599 00:42:25,560 --> 00:42:28,160 Speaker 1: regional variant a whole other thing. Basically, you can think 600 00:42:28,200 --> 00:42:30,640 Speaker 1: of it as a subspecies of the same animals, similar 601 00:42:30,680 --> 00:42:35,040 Speaker 1: to dog or cat breeds, and an evolution. Its name 602 00:42:35,440 --> 00:42:41,800 Speaker 1: is Surfetched, a gallery knight whose leak has turned into 603 00:42:41,960 --> 00:42:44,840 Speaker 1: both a lance and shield for this poke came on 604 00:42:44,960 --> 00:42:50,720 Speaker 1: to fight with. This all got me to thinking about 605 00:42:50,760 --> 00:42:53,560 Speaker 1: the other food based Pokemon in the series, and on 606 00:42:53,680 --> 00:42:56,839 Speaker 1: further inspection, I realized that there were more food based 607 00:42:56,880 --> 00:43:00,759 Speaker 1: Pokemon than I realized. Most Pokemon reach are based on 608 00:43:00,840 --> 00:43:04,600 Speaker 1: different real world countries, and so some generations have Pokemon 609 00:43:04,640 --> 00:43:09,480 Speaker 1: inspired by that region's food. There's al Creamy based on 610 00:43:09,520 --> 00:43:12,520 Speaker 1: starberries and cream who can have up to twenty six 611 00:43:12,600 --> 00:43:16,040 Speaker 1: forms depending on how you spin your character to help 612 00:43:16,080 --> 00:43:20,240 Speaker 1: evolve it, like whipped Cream Appleton based on an apple 613 00:43:20,320 --> 00:43:23,280 Speaker 1: pie who evolves from a worm and an apple worm 614 00:43:23,360 --> 00:43:27,240 Speaker 1: being a dragon from British and Norse mythology. Uh Polti 615 00:43:27,360 --> 00:43:31,680 Speaker 1: Geist a teapot with a ghost inhabiting it. Um. These 616 00:43:31,719 --> 00:43:36,480 Speaker 1: are all from the Galler Galaur region, Sure, which is 617 00:43:36,520 --> 00:43:40,960 Speaker 1: based off the uk Um. There's the Venelics line based 618 00:43:41,000 --> 00:43:43,640 Speaker 1: on Soft Serve American ice cream from the un Nova 619 00:43:43,719 --> 00:43:47,680 Speaker 1: region New York. Farfetched comes from Kanto, which is based 620 00:43:47,719 --> 00:43:52,120 Speaker 1: off the Kanta region of Japan. Uh There's gore Geist 621 00:43:52,880 --> 00:43:56,040 Speaker 1: based off of jack O Lanterns in the Callos region, 622 00:43:56,239 --> 00:44:00,560 Speaker 1: which is based on France. Um and Boone Sweet, a 623 00:44:00,719 --> 00:44:04,120 Speaker 1: pokemon based off of Mango Stains who hails from the 624 00:44:04,120 --> 00:44:08,400 Speaker 1: tropical a Lola region based on Hawaii. There are a 625 00:44:08,400 --> 00:44:10,640 Speaker 1: few more, but I don't want to talk your ears 626 00:44:10,640 --> 00:44:14,680 Speaker 1: off too much. In the latest games, Sword and Shield, 627 00:44:14,680 --> 00:44:18,080 Speaker 1: there's a new cooking system in game two. You can 628 00:44:18,080 --> 00:44:20,960 Speaker 1: cook curries up to a d and fifty of them 629 00:44:21,320 --> 00:44:24,600 Speaker 1: acute nod to a British people's love for Indian food. 630 00:44:25,120 --> 00:44:28,440 Speaker 1: In a Loola, you can buy melissadas for your Pokemon, 631 00:44:28,600 --> 00:44:30,880 Speaker 1: which from my understanding is a dish from Spain, but 632 00:44:30,920 --> 00:44:34,880 Speaker 1: are also very popular in Hawaii. They are um again, 633 00:44:34,920 --> 00:44:37,120 Speaker 1: there are more dishes in each region, but it's a 634 00:44:37,120 --> 00:44:39,799 Speaker 1: lot to list. All this is to say, it makes 635 00:44:39,840 --> 00:44:42,239 Speaker 1: me so happy seeing these games take on so much 636 00:44:42,280 --> 00:44:45,120 Speaker 1: inspiration from real life food culture of the places they're 637 00:44:45,160 --> 00:44:48,280 Speaker 1: based on. That just adds the extra layer of enrichment 638 00:44:48,360 --> 00:44:53,719 Speaker 1: to the games for me. That is all fantastic, wonderful. 639 00:44:54,840 --> 00:44:59,880 Speaker 1: I want to know everything about all these based pole. 640 00:45:02,360 --> 00:45:05,920 Speaker 1: This is our real house, Lauren, like this very specific 641 00:45:06,000 --> 00:45:11,280 Speaker 1: niche is right where we are is our niche. It 642 00:45:11,400 --> 00:45:16,640 Speaker 1: is oh my heck. Uh yeah, apologies if I mispronounced everything. 643 00:45:16,800 --> 00:45:19,600 Speaker 1: I again, I haven't heard a lot of these things 644 00:45:19,680 --> 00:45:25,640 Speaker 1: out loud. Uh, this is all amazing. Yes, oh yeah, 645 00:45:25,719 --> 00:45:30,000 Speaker 1: we definitely have to do an episode on those and 646 00:45:30,120 --> 00:45:32,080 Speaker 1: I I don't know much about Pokemon at all, but 647 00:45:32,120 --> 00:45:40,759 Speaker 1: I'm so into this um sold So that episode definitely forthcoming. 648 00:45:41,400 --> 00:45:44,640 Speaker 1: Yes in the meantime. Thanks to both of them for writing. 649 00:45:45,040 --> 00:45:47,160 Speaker 1: If you would like to write to us, you can 650 00:45:47,239 --> 00:45:49,120 Speaker 1: and we'd love to hear from you. Our email is 651 00:45:49,160 --> 00:45:52,000 Speaker 1: Hello at favor pod dot com. You can also find 652 00:45:52,040 --> 00:45:55,440 Speaker 1: us on social media on Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram. We 653 00:45:55,480 --> 00:45:59,080 Speaker 1: are at savor Pod. Savor is production of I Heart Radio. 654 00:45:59,200 --> 00:46:01,319 Speaker 1: For more podcast to my Heart Radio. You can visit 655 00:46:01,360 --> 00:46:04,279 Speaker 1: the I Heart Radio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you 656 00:46:04,320 --> 00:46:06,840 Speaker 1: listen to your favorite shows. Thanks as always to our 657 00:46:06,880 --> 00:46:09,640 Speaker 1: super producers Dylan Fagin and Andrew Howard. Thanks to you 658 00:46:09,680 --> 00:46:11,520 Speaker 1: for listening, and we hope that lots more good things 659 00:46:11,520 --> 00:46:20,279 Speaker 1: are coming your way.