1 00:00:00,880 --> 00:00:04,320 Speaker 1: Welcome to Stuff you should know from house Stuff Works 2 00:00:04,360 --> 00:00:13,240 Speaker 1: dot com. Hey, and welcome to the podcast. I'm Josh Clark, 3 00:00:13,280 --> 00:00:17,040 Speaker 1: There's Charles W Chuck Bryant. Uh, nobody's in here with us, 4 00:00:17,040 --> 00:00:19,680 Speaker 1: so it's just two of us and you, dear listener. 5 00:00:19,840 --> 00:00:23,760 Speaker 1: We're just free Leal and Bob Dylan whoever that is 6 00:00:24,560 --> 00:00:29,080 Speaker 1: Bob Dylan? Who come on? And um this is part 7 00:00:29,160 --> 00:00:33,520 Speaker 1: two of two of a special two part series that's 8 00:00:33,600 --> 00:00:36,960 Speaker 1: right on HIV aids. Yeah, if you didn't listen to 9 00:00:37,040 --> 00:00:39,320 Speaker 1: first one, I would suggest you do that. Yeah, you're 10 00:00:39,360 --> 00:00:41,120 Speaker 1: you're gonna be lost. There's probably gonna be a lot 11 00:00:41,120 --> 00:00:43,880 Speaker 1: of in jokes and referential jokes back to the first one. 12 00:00:44,200 --> 00:00:46,640 Speaker 1: We explained it in the first one. Yeah, that's very 13 00:00:46,640 --> 00:00:48,920 Speaker 1: important and like the actual nuts and Bolts disease, some 14 00:00:49,040 --> 00:00:52,560 Speaker 1: skip ahead, don't be lazy. UM So Chuck we left 15 00:00:52,560 --> 00:00:55,600 Speaker 1: off you were talking. We talked originally about UM, you know, 16 00:00:55,680 --> 00:00:58,640 Speaker 1: the different varying levels of risk depending on the type 17 00:00:58,640 --> 00:01:02,560 Speaker 1: of intercourse, depending on the tie of UM uh group 18 00:01:02,680 --> 00:01:06,160 Speaker 1: you remember of UM. We talked about how it works, 19 00:01:06,160 --> 00:01:09,640 Speaker 1: where it came from, what what could possibly be left 20 00:01:09,760 --> 00:01:12,520 Speaker 1: to talk about as far as HIV can is concerned. 21 00:01:12,680 --> 00:01:14,959 Speaker 1: There's a lot. Oh yeah, yeah, because we did not 22 00:01:15,080 --> 00:01:17,440 Speaker 1: touch on and I know you're being coy because I 23 00:01:17,520 --> 00:01:19,280 Speaker 1: see all your notes in front of you. Oh yeah, 24 00:01:19,920 --> 00:01:22,199 Speaker 1: look at all. But one thing we didn't talk about 25 00:01:22,240 --> 00:01:25,800 Speaker 1: that we're going to start with is uh treatment. Yeah, 26 00:01:25,800 --> 00:01:28,920 Speaker 1: that's a big one. That's a big one. Uh you 27 00:01:28,920 --> 00:01:32,040 Speaker 1: want to go and talk about the AIDS cocktail? Yeah. So. Um. 28 00:01:32,160 --> 00:01:37,600 Speaker 1: Back in a very very very famous basketball player named 29 00:01:37,680 --> 00:01:41,440 Speaker 1: Irvin Magic Johnson played for the l A Lakers, announced 30 00:01:41,480 --> 00:01:44,119 Speaker 1: that he was retiring from the NBA because he had 31 00:01:44,160 --> 00:01:47,080 Speaker 1: been diagnosed with HIV. I remember the day. That was 32 00:01:47,120 --> 00:01:49,560 Speaker 1: a huge deal. I was at Georgia Southern for some 33 00:01:49,600 --> 00:01:52,440 Speaker 1: weird reason that weekend. That is weird. It was a 34 00:01:52,440 --> 00:01:55,720 Speaker 1: big deal. Um. I mean you talked I think last 35 00:01:55,760 --> 00:01:59,120 Speaker 1: episode about Easy catching it and you know that was 36 00:01:59,280 --> 00:02:01,919 Speaker 1: that was a big deal. This was probably even bigger. 37 00:02:01,960 --> 00:02:04,880 Speaker 1: I think Magic Johnson was a bigger name than Easy. 38 00:02:05,120 --> 00:02:08,360 Speaker 1: Were more widely recognized him among more people. He was 39 00:02:08,360 --> 00:02:11,000 Speaker 1: a sports figure, he was straight what the heck is 40 00:02:11,000 --> 00:02:13,600 Speaker 1: going on? And I remember thinking, like many people at 41 00:02:13,600 --> 00:02:16,919 Speaker 1: the time, oh my gosh, Magic Johnson is dying. Yes, 42 00:02:17,320 --> 00:02:19,600 Speaker 1: I think a lot of people, most people who are 43 00:02:19,600 --> 00:02:22,080 Speaker 1: familiar with this thought, well, he's a goner in a 44 00:02:22,120 --> 00:02:25,000 Speaker 1: couple of years. But he kept living, and he kept living, 45 00:02:25,360 --> 00:02:27,440 Speaker 1: and he kept living. He came back and played more basketball. 46 00:02:27,520 --> 00:02:31,400 Speaker 1: Even I didn't know that, and you gotta be pretty 47 00:02:31,440 --> 00:02:34,960 Speaker 1: fit for that, sure, And he kept living. And everybody thought, 48 00:02:35,080 --> 00:02:38,440 Speaker 1: what the heck happened with Magic Johnson? And it turned 49 00:02:38,440 --> 00:02:41,799 Speaker 1: out that he had access to what's now known as 50 00:02:42,080 --> 00:02:46,920 Speaker 1: the highly active anti retroviral therapy a k A HEART, 51 00:02:47,080 --> 00:02:51,000 Speaker 1: which is now the standard of treatment for HIV um 52 00:02:51,080 --> 00:02:53,000 Speaker 1: and he had access to it a couple of years 53 00:02:53,000 --> 00:02:56,920 Speaker 1: before it became widespread in the I think, and it 54 00:02:57,000 --> 00:02:59,760 Speaker 1: has helped keep him alive. He recently he was thirty 55 00:02:59,760 --> 00:03:02,320 Speaker 1: two when he announced that he was diagnosed with HIV, 56 00:03:02,880 --> 00:03:07,600 Speaker 1: and he turned fifty six and two. It's a very 57 00:03:07,720 --> 00:03:10,880 Speaker 1: very long lifespan, especially for somebody who was diagnosed in 58 00:03:10,880 --> 00:03:13,400 Speaker 1: the early nineties when people were still like, what is 59 00:03:13,440 --> 00:03:18,480 Speaker 1: going on here? So correct? Uh, Magic Johnson got a 60 00:03:18,840 --> 00:03:22,600 Speaker 1: head start. Not because he's super famous. Well, that had 61 00:03:22,639 --> 00:03:25,320 Speaker 1: something to do with it. I think I'm very rich, well, 62 00:03:25,320 --> 00:03:27,880 Speaker 1: but he was he was willing to It was still 63 00:03:27,919 --> 00:03:30,239 Speaker 1: in the in the experimental phase at that point. Yeah, 64 00:03:30,280 --> 00:03:32,600 Speaker 1: but I'm sure there were plenty of HIV patients who 65 00:03:32,639 --> 00:03:35,560 Speaker 1: are like, do whatever you need to do to cure me, 66 00:03:36,120 --> 00:03:38,040 Speaker 1: but didn't have the money, so he got a jump 67 00:03:38,040 --> 00:03:40,480 Speaker 1: on it. But he has not. I think a lot 68 00:03:40,520 --> 00:03:43,200 Speaker 1: of people think that he is getting some other special 69 00:03:43,200 --> 00:03:45,880 Speaker 1: treatments that no one else is getting, or he's paying 70 00:03:45,920 --> 00:03:49,000 Speaker 1: his way into something. It supposedly there's a Kenyan witch 71 00:03:49,040 --> 00:03:52,240 Speaker 1: doctor rumor. Yeah, he's getting the same treatment that other 72 00:03:52,240 --> 00:03:54,920 Speaker 1: people are getting. And there are plenty of people that 73 00:03:55,000 --> 00:03:57,920 Speaker 1: have lived much longer than him. Oh yeah, and uh, 74 00:03:58,040 --> 00:04:01,000 Speaker 1: he's just the most famous. Uh, and that's a good 75 00:04:01,040 --> 00:04:05,240 Speaker 1: thing because he's HIV activists and activists. Yeah yea, not 76 00:04:05,280 --> 00:04:09,120 Speaker 1: to disparage anything about magic Jacks, and he definitely took 77 00:04:09,160 --> 00:04:12,960 Speaker 1: that that label at a time when it was that 78 00:04:13,040 --> 00:04:17,839 Speaker 1: was a gay disease, and uh, he became an HIV activist. 79 00:04:18,040 --> 00:04:22,400 Speaker 1: We should say specifically, he does not, never has had aids. 80 00:04:22,440 --> 00:04:26,279 Speaker 1: His um T helper cell count never got to the 81 00:04:26,400 --> 00:04:29,719 Speaker 1: UM two hundred thousand or less mark. So he's HIV 82 00:04:29,839 --> 00:04:33,120 Speaker 1: positive and he is still UM Like we said in 83 00:04:33,160 --> 00:04:36,680 Speaker 1: the last episode, it's a chronic disease because reservoirs developed 84 00:04:37,080 --> 00:04:39,200 Speaker 1: UM and I believe it was a couple of years 85 00:04:39,279 --> 00:04:44,520 Speaker 1: between diagnosis and treatment for him, So those reservoirs had 86 00:04:44,520 --> 00:04:47,440 Speaker 1: a chance to get a foothold, but he got it 87 00:04:47,480 --> 00:04:51,000 Speaker 1: early enough that he his lifespan is it's it's basically 88 00:04:51,240 --> 00:04:54,040 Speaker 1: that what was it twenty four years that he's been 89 00:04:54,080 --> 00:04:57,920 Speaker 1: alive since diagnosis. That's pretty normal for people who were 90 00:04:58,000 --> 00:05:01,320 Speaker 1: treated with the hard cocktail in a reasonable time after 91 00:05:01,640 --> 00:05:06,400 Speaker 1: being uh diagnosed, which they're finding that window of time 92 00:05:06,880 --> 00:05:10,160 Speaker 1: is intensely important. Oh yeah, we're gonna get to that man. 93 00:05:10,200 --> 00:05:14,040 Speaker 1: That was a great article ascent. So we're talking heart. Yeah, 94 00:05:14,120 --> 00:05:18,560 Speaker 1: heart or cart or just art whichever you want to 95 00:05:18,600 --> 00:05:20,919 Speaker 1: call it. I call it art with or heart with 96 00:05:21,000 --> 00:05:23,920 Speaker 1: the double A. I call it the AIDS cocktail. Oh yeah, 97 00:05:23,920 --> 00:05:26,599 Speaker 1: that's another word for uh. So, each one of these 98 00:05:26,680 --> 00:05:28,560 Speaker 1: drugs and we talked about in part one is very 99 00:05:28,640 --> 00:05:34,840 Speaker 1: specific to its task um to basically disrupt as many 100 00:05:34,960 --> 00:05:39,880 Speaker 1: stages of the process as possible. Uh, should we go 101 00:05:39,920 --> 00:05:44,560 Speaker 1: through these um in r t I S nucleo side 102 00:05:44,720 --> 00:05:51,800 Speaker 1: reverse transcript as inhibitors, they basically blocked the ability to replicate. Yeah, 103 00:05:51,920 --> 00:05:55,839 Speaker 1: remember the reverse transcript as takes the r n A 104 00:05:56,200 --> 00:06:01,240 Speaker 1: instructions for the viral UM creation and turns it into 105 00:06:01,360 --> 00:06:03,760 Speaker 1: d NA, which is then inserted into the c D 106 00:06:04,040 --> 00:06:07,520 Speaker 1: four plus T cell nucleus. Right, so you block that. 107 00:06:07,839 --> 00:06:10,760 Speaker 1: It's a big problem for the HIV virus. It's a 108 00:06:10,800 --> 00:06:14,880 Speaker 1: big problem. It is UH in n R T I 109 00:06:15,040 --> 00:06:20,160 Speaker 1: S non nucleoside reverse transcription inhibitors, they disable a protein 110 00:06:20,960 --> 00:06:25,480 Speaker 1: another protein requiring it to replicate another disruption p I 111 00:06:25,600 --> 00:06:31,200 Speaker 1: S prote s inhibitors, So proteas was UM that was 112 00:06:31,240 --> 00:06:36,040 Speaker 1: the one that actually cut the polypeptides into their individual components. So, yeah, 113 00:06:36,080 --> 00:06:38,600 Speaker 1: you had a long chain of enzymes that made up 114 00:06:38,680 --> 00:06:40,920 Speaker 1: these viruses. That's the party didn't get right, and then 115 00:06:40,960 --> 00:06:42,840 Speaker 1: you cut them up. So the thing that cuts them 116 00:06:42,960 --> 00:06:46,000 Speaker 1: up isn't there. You just have all these long chains 117 00:06:46,040 --> 00:06:49,960 Speaker 1: and they build up and it's basically like um lucy's 118 00:06:50,040 --> 00:06:55,400 Speaker 1: running the chocolate factory assembly line or something there. Uh. 119 00:06:55,520 --> 00:06:58,880 Speaker 1: Then you have entry fusion inhibitors. They blocked the ability 120 00:06:58,920 --> 00:07:00,760 Speaker 1: to enter those c D for our cells to begin 121 00:07:00,800 --> 00:07:05,040 Speaker 1: with UH, and then finally integrays inhibitors UM once they 122 00:07:05,080 --> 00:07:07,919 Speaker 1: get in that c D four cell. UH. We talked 123 00:07:07,920 --> 00:07:10,560 Speaker 1: about the insert of that genetic material, and it basically 124 00:07:10,920 --> 00:07:16,320 Speaker 1: blocks the ability to do that. So the current cocktail 125 00:07:16,600 --> 00:07:20,640 Speaker 1: recommended cocktail are two in r T I s in 126 00:07:20,680 --> 00:07:24,120 Speaker 1: the shaker, one in a r T I and the 127 00:07:24,240 --> 00:07:30,040 Speaker 1: p I and then either a integrays inhibitor or a 128 00:07:30,200 --> 00:07:32,040 Speaker 1: right tone neighbor, which I don't know what that is, 129 00:07:32,080 --> 00:07:35,840 Speaker 1: do you know, let's just say it's the key. Let's 130 00:07:35,840 --> 00:07:40,000 Speaker 1: say it's the the bidders in the cocktail and makes 131 00:07:40,040 --> 00:07:41,920 Speaker 1: it right. You put it all in there, you shake 132 00:07:41,960 --> 00:07:44,400 Speaker 1: it up. You've got your AIDS cocktail. Once you put 133 00:07:44,440 --> 00:07:47,880 Speaker 1: that into place, if you catch it early enough, you 134 00:07:47,960 --> 00:07:52,760 Speaker 1: can bring your mortality rate just about to normal. Yeah. 135 00:07:52,920 --> 00:07:55,760 Speaker 1: Like it's just it's a chronic disease. Yeah. Yeah, And 136 00:07:55,760 --> 00:07:59,360 Speaker 1: and your immune system will probably not become so compromise 137 00:07:59,440 --> 00:08:02,160 Speaker 1: that you're gonna from something. You need to be on 138 00:08:02,240 --> 00:08:05,800 Speaker 1: it for life. Uh. And everyone is supposed to be 139 00:08:05,880 --> 00:08:10,200 Speaker 1: on this cocktail. Uh. Although if you have b um, 140 00:08:10,440 --> 00:08:13,360 Speaker 1: have a recent CD four count below five, or if 141 00:08:13,360 --> 00:08:17,240 Speaker 1: you are pregnant, then you are given a priority. And 142 00:08:17,280 --> 00:08:19,600 Speaker 1: it's all gonna cost you about ten to twelve thousand 143 00:08:19,640 --> 00:08:23,920 Speaker 1: dollars a year, although that is supposed to increase. And 144 00:08:24,040 --> 00:08:26,160 Speaker 1: the reason why you have to stay on it indefinitely 145 00:08:26,280 --> 00:08:30,160 Speaker 1: because we said in the last episode that um HIV 146 00:08:30,400 --> 00:08:34,640 Speaker 1: produces reservoirs of inactive varyans that just spread throughout the 147 00:08:34,679 --> 00:08:39,520 Speaker 1: body and accumulate. And even when you're treating what amounts 148 00:08:39,520 --> 00:08:43,199 Speaker 1: to one outbreak, another one can come very soon afterward. 149 00:08:43,240 --> 00:08:46,080 Speaker 1: And that's what makes it chronic. Right with heart it 150 00:08:46,160 --> 00:08:49,720 Speaker 1: will eventually get all these reservoirs, but it takes I 151 00:08:49,720 --> 00:08:52,280 Speaker 1: think we said sixty to eighty years. It's a very 152 00:08:52,280 --> 00:08:55,800 Speaker 1: long time, right. So there's been some suggestions as to 153 00:08:55,880 --> 00:09:02,040 Speaker 1: how to eradicate UM this disease a little faster, yet 154 00:09:02,280 --> 00:09:06,200 Speaker 1: different ideas, which is great. I mean, they're really smart. 155 00:09:06,240 --> 00:09:08,920 Speaker 1: People are coming up with different strategies. One of them 156 00:09:09,000 --> 00:09:11,800 Speaker 1: is kind of nuts. But also which one the one 157 00:09:11,840 --> 00:09:15,000 Speaker 1: that uses pro Stratton I believe is what it's called. 158 00:09:15,240 --> 00:09:18,560 Speaker 1: It basically goes in and says, um, oh, you're an 159 00:09:18,559 --> 00:09:23,200 Speaker 1: inactive HIV, so well, I'm going to activate you. It's 160 00:09:23,200 --> 00:09:28,880 Speaker 1: basically making an HIV outbreak take place, but you're doing 161 00:09:28,920 --> 00:09:32,120 Speaker 1: it while you're under heart care, right. Yeah. The way 162 00:09:32,160 --> 00:09:34,600 Speaker 1: I thought of it was, it's like flushing out those 163 00:09:34,600 --> 00:09:38,720 Speaker 1: invisible reservoirs, but the only way to flush them out 164 00:09:38,760 --> 00:09:40,880 Speaker 1: is to activate them to get them going. So the 165 00:09:40,920 --> 00:09:44,080 Speaker 1: T cells actually know it's there. So that scary sounding 166 00:09:44,320 --> 00:09:48,160 Speaker 1: it is that the heart treatment also disrupts their function, 167 00:09:48,400 --> 00:09:50,560 Speaker 1: so it starts them up, and apparently they don't stop 168 00:09:50,600 --> 00:09:53,000 Speaker 1: and go back to sleep or go dormant again once 169 00:09:53,000 --> 00:09:55,440 Speaker 1: they start up, so it starts them up. The heart 170 00:09:55,480 --> 00:09:58,440 Speaker 1: treatment um keeps them from doing what they want to 171 00:09:58,480 --> 00:10:02,720 Speaker 1: do normally. And then also the cell that they're infecting 172 00:10:02,720 --> 00:10:05,280 Speaker 1: will die sooner than later and just get it over with. 173 00:10:05,640 --> 00:10:08,360 Speaker 1: So it's basically a way they're trying to figure out 174 00:10:08,559 --> 00:10:13,120 Speaker 1: to accelerate an HIV infection while in the presence of 175 00:10:13,360 --> 00:10:17,400 Speaker 1: highly active anti retroviral therapy. So it keeps you from 176 00:10:17,440 --> 00:10:22,400 Speaker 1: actually dying from this accelerated HIV infection. It's pretty cool. Yeah, 177 00:10:22,400 --> 00:10:24,960 Speaker 1: So that's one strategy. Does even that they call it anything, 178 00:10:24,960 --> 00:10:28,720 Speaker 1: that should call it something cool? Uh the gun Slinger, Yeah, 179 00:10:28,800 --> 00:10:32,960 Speaker 1: the gun Slinger hid. All right, I think we should 180 00:10:33,000 --> 00:10:36,080 Speaker 1: get to this next. This is uh. You sent an 181 00:10:36,120 --> 00:10:40,280 Speaker 1: awesome article from the Pacific Standard called getting to zero 182 00:10:40,400 --> 00:10:42,800 Speaker 1: very close to a cure for AIDS, and the city 183 00:10:42,800 --> 00:10:47,120 Speaker 1: of San Francisco is doing something. Uh there, they're pretty 184 00:10:47,200 --> 00:10:50,600 Speaker 1: radical out there in San Francisco. Sure you know all 185 00:10:50,600 --> 00:10:53,360 Speaker 1: those hippies out there. So what they're trying to do 186 00:10:53,559 --> 00:10:56,520 Speaker 1: is they're trying to make their city the first city 187 00:10:56,600 --> 00:11:00,400 Speaker 1: with no new infections, no deaths, and no stigma. And 188 00:11:00,440 --> 00:11:04,120 Speaker 1: they called the program getting to zero, and they're doing 189 00:11:04,160 --> 00:11:06,640 Speaker 1: this in a in a lot of ways. Um, some 190 00:11:06,720 --> 00:11:11,000 Speaker 1: of the background here is there. Historically over the past 191 00:11:11,000 --> 00:11:13,760 Speaker 1: few decades hasn't been a ton of money allocated toward 192 00:11:13,800 --> 00:11:16,800 Speaker 1: finding a cure for AIDS. Yeah, and not because for 193 00:11:16,920 --> 00:11:19,480 Speaker 1: various reasons. I think a lot of people, especially initially 194 00:11:19,520 --> 00:11:22,240 Speaker 1: are like, well, because it was gay disease, yeah, I 195 00:11:22,280 --> 00:11:25,360 Speaker 1: think is its spread out and started infecting more non 196 00:11:25,400 --> 00:11:29,120 Speaker 1: gay people and more non gay white people. It started 197 00:11:29,160 --> 00:11:32,640 Speaker 1: to get a lot more funding, but it also didn't 198 00:11:32,640 --> 00:11:34,200 Speaker 1: get a lot of funny because a lot of people 199 00:11:34,200 --> 00:11:37,360 Speaker 1: were like, we can't cure this, it's an incurable disease. Yeah, 200 00:11:37,360 --> 00:11:40,760 Speaker 1: and I think, um, I think cynics might also say, like, 201 00:11:40,840 --> 00:11:43,120 Speaker 1: it's you make a lot more money to keep people 202 00:11:43,160 --> 00:11:46,120 Speaker 1: on drugs for life than you do caring something. But 203 00:11:46,280 --> 00:11:51,079 Speaker 1: from what I could tell, the main reason was because uh, 204 00:11:51,280 --> 00:11:53,800 Speaker 1: it was such a new scary thing. They put all 205 00:11:53,840 --> 00:11:58,840 Speaker 1: of their efforts into trying to save people who got HIV. 206 00:11:59,520 --> 00:12:04,360 Speaker 1: And coming up with these these this drug cocktail. However, 207 00:12:04,480 --> 00:12:08,480 Speaker 1: things are changing, which is good. Um. In two thousand 208 00:12:08,520 --> 00:12:11,760 Speaker 1: and eight and two thousand nine, that was a very 209 00:12:11,800 --> 00:12:16,320 Speaker 1: cool case. Timothy ray Brown. He was, Yeah, the second 210 00:12:16,320 --> 00:12:19,880 Speaker 1: Berlin patient. There was another one in the mid nineties. Yeah, 211 00:12:19,920 --> 00:12:23,560 Speaker 1: there was, I know everything. That was an anonymous Berlin 212 00:12:23,640 --> 00:12:29,440 Speaker 1: patient in the mid nineties who I think, uh got 213 00:12:29,600 --> 00:12:35,480 Speaker 1: HIV and then no longer had HIV. But what's up 214 00:12:35,520 --> 00:12:39,520 Speaker 1: with Berlin? I know, seriously, it's cool city. But Timothy 215 00:12:39,559 --> 00:12:42,000 Speaker 1: ray Brown was a special case. He's an American that 216 00:12:42,120 --> 00:12:45,720 Speaker 1: was living there as a translator. HIV positive and started 217 00:12:45,760 --> 00:12:50,280 Speaker 1: taking medications. Uh, and then about a decade later find 218 00:12:50,280 --> 00:12:55,080 Speaker 1: out he had leukemia. So his doctor, very clever person, 219 00:12:56,640 --> 00:13:01,640 Speaker 1: Gero Hooter or Hero, call him Hero. I think Hero. 220 00:13:02,640 --> 00:13:06,439 Speaker 1: He said. He had a very weird unique I D idea. 221 00:13:06,520 --> 00:13:09,440 Speaker 1: He said, why don't we see if we can take 222 00:13:09,600 --> 00:13:12,400 Speaker 1: there are these people out there one percent of Caucasians, Yeah, 223 00:13:12,400 --> 00:13:15,080 Speaker 1: one percent of people who have a protein Caucasian people 224 00:13:15,480 --> 00:13:20,839 Speaker 1: uh CCR five, which basically makes them immune to HIV. 225 00:13:21,120 --> 00:13:23,680 Speaker 1: They lack that protein. Yeah, that's a protein on the 226 00:13:23,720 --> 00:13:26,960 Speaker 1: surface of your t helper sell that the HIV virus 227 00:13:27,080 --> 00:13:31,280 Speaker 1: docks with can doc can infect and very few people 228 00:13:31,280 --> 00:13:33,520 Speaker 1: have this one percent. He said, why don't we try 229 00:13:33,559 --> 00:13:36,640 Speaker 1: and find someone like that who can donate their bone 230 00:13:36,640 --> 00:13:39,360 Speaker 1: marrow which is where stuff like that is produced, and 231 00:13:39,440 --> 00:13:43,600 Speaker 1: to this guy and basically basically replace his immune system 232 00:13:43,720 --> 00:13:46,800 Speaker 1: with with this one percenter and not that kind of 233 00:13:46,800 --> 00:13:51,400 Speaker 1: one percenter. He's like, I'm gonna be rich. I got 234 00:13:51,480 --> 00:13:54,360 Speaker 1: rich bow. So he did that. They found someone UH 235 00:13:54,679 --> 00:13:57,360 Speaker 1: that had that that was a good match, and it worked. 236 00:13:58,040 --> 00:14:01,200 Speaker 1: It worked like he was funk only cured of HIV 237 00:14:01,480 --> 00:14:03,880 Speaker 1: I think like fully cured. Is was like, they keep 238 00:14:03,920 --> 00:14:05,920 Speaker 1: testing him and testing him. This is I think two 239 00:14:05,920 --> 00:14:09,400 Speaker 1: thousand eight or two thousand nine UM, and they testing 240 00:14:09,960 --> 00:14:13,760 Speaker 1: no signs UM. I don't know that enough people have 241 00:14:13,840 --> 00:14:17,320 Speaker 1: been cured of HIV AIDS so that they It's like 242 00:14:17,400 --> 00:14:19,720 Speaker 1: with UM with cancer. I think if you're five years 243 00:14:20,120 --> 00:14:23,240 Speaker 1: without UM any kind of growth, it's considered remission. I 244 00:14:23,240 --> 00:14:26,000 Speaker 1: don't think they have a standard like that yet. UM. 245 00:14:26,040 --> 00:14:28,920 Speaker 1: But so they keep testing this guy and he's it's 246 00:14:28,960 --> 00:14:32,440 Speaker 1: not coming back. These reservoirs are not becoming active again. 247 00:14:32,480 --> 00:14:35,840 Speaker 1: It doesn't appear that he has HIV or AIDS any longer. 248 00:14:36,560 --> 00:14:39,400 Speaker 1: And The doctor was excited, obviously, but he also knew like, well, 249 00:14:39,440 --> 00:14:43,600 Speaker 1: we obviously can't go around replacing you know, people's immune 250 00:14:43,600 --> 00:14:46,160 Speaker 1: systems with these one per cent. But what it did 251 00:14:46,280 --> 00:14:49,400 Speaker 1: was it kick started new hope and now all of 252 00:14:49,480 --> 00:14:51,320 Speaker 1: a sudden, all of a sudden, there was new funding 253 00:14:51,440 --> 00:14:53,400 Speaker 1: for trying to find a cure. And it was what 254 00:14:53,440 --> 00:14:55,640 Speaker 1: they call a proof of concept. I think we mentioned 255 00:14:55,760 --> 00:15:00,600 Speaker 1: last episode it showed that AIDS can be cured. Yeah, 256 00:15:00,640 --> 00:15:03,360 Speaker 1: before this, only about three percent of AIDS and HIV 257 00:15:03,480 --> 00:15:07,600 Speaker 1: funding went to cure research. Um. Now there are new 258 00:15:07,640 --> 00:15:10,840 Speaker 1: grants totally fourteen point six million a year in Obama 259 00:15:11,160 --> 00:15:13,280 Speaker 1: in two thousand and thirteen said you know what, how 260 00:15:13,280 --> 00:15:16,560 Speaker 1: about another hundred million towards a cure over three years? 261 00:15:18,280 --> 00:15:22,040 Speaker 1: What is that funny? It's just what a hundred million 262 00:15:22,120 --> 00:15:24,000 Speaker 1: used to be and what it is today. You know. Yeah, 263 00:15:24,040 --> 00:15:27,440 Speaker 1: it just sounds like sure, just throwing money around. Um, 264 00:15:27,800 --> 00:15:33,520 Speaker 1: go get yourself some nice funding. Uh. So we talked 265 00:15:33,560 --> 00:15:37,160 Speaker 1: to Believe in the first episode about catching it early. Um, 266 00:15:37,200 --> 00:15:41,040 Speaker 1: there's another story here. Basically, how it works now is 267 00:15:41,720 --> 00:15:45,960 Speaker 1: you can get diagnosed with HIV and until you're t 268 00:15:46,120 --> 00:15:49,960 Speaker 1: cell count falls below a certain number, you're just like 269 00:15:50,640 --> 00:15:53,320 Speaker 1: not on any drugs, like you have to get sick 270 00:15:53,640 --> 00:15:57,080 Speaker 1: before you get treated in most cases. Is well, yeah, 271 00:15:57,120 --> 00:15:58,680 Speaker 1: that was the old I mean that's what it says 272 00:15:58,720 --> 00:16:01,680 Speaker 1: in this thing. Oh that was the old, the old. Yeah, 273 00:16:01,760 --> 00:16:04,200 Speaker 1: that was the old guard I got you. Yeah, the 274 00:16:04,200 --> 00:16:09,760 Speaker 1: the new the the bleeding edge right now, leading edge O, 275 00:16:10,080 --> 00:16:14,400 Speaker 1: the leading edge um is quite the opposite of that. Yeah, 276 00:16:14,440 --> 00:16:16,560 Speaker 1: Because they found if you get to it super early, 277 00:16:17,080 --> 00:16:19,880 Speaker 1: like those first few days and weeks after you get 278 00:16:20,000 --> 00:16:23,280 Speaker 1: HIV in the bloodstream is when it's most dangerous, very critical, 279 00:16:23,320 --> 00:16:27,040 Speaker 1: most easily spread. And they found that if people who 280 00:16:27,040 --> 00:16:32,400 Speaker 1: take these drugs right then are less likely less likely 281 00:16:32,440 --> 00:16:35,960 Speaker 1: to pass it on to a sexual partner. Here's why. Again, 282 00:16:36,160 --> 00:16:40,560 Speaker 1: one of the insidious, pernicious characteristics of HIV infection is 283 00:16:40,600 --> 00:16:44,120 Speaker 1: that inactive reservoirs build, which makes it a chronic disease. 284 00:16:45,040 --> 00:16:48,000 Speaker 1: And again, when you first stre exposed to HIV, your 285 00:16:48,000 --> 00:16:50,880 Speaker 1: immune system can mount a pretty decent defense on its own. Yeah, 286 00:16:50,880 --> 00:16:53,160 Speaker 1: you don't have those reservoirs just yet, right, And it's 287 00:16:53,200 --> 00:16:56,360 Speaker 1: those reservoirs that eventually overwhelm your immune system and can 288 00:16:56,440 --> 00:16:59,160 Speaker 1: lead to your death if you're treated with heart very 289 00:16:59,200 --> 00:17:02,320 Speaker 1: early on after or infection, those reservoirs never have a 290 00:17:02,400 --> 00:17:05,680 Speaker 1: chance to build and that infection that you do have 291 00:17:06,200 --> 00:17:09,439 Speaker 1: is helped with this extra therapy and your immune system 292 00:17:09,520 --> 00:17:13,200 Speaker 1: can defend against it. And it's these these people feel 293 00:17:13,240 --> 00:17:15,960 Speaker 1: like the time is such a critical essence that award 294 00:17:16,040 --> 00:17:19,720 Speaker 1: eighty six, which is a legendary the um United States 295 00:17:19,760 --> 00:17:24,960 Speaker 1: at least first UH dedicated AIDS ward AIDS Clinic in 296 00:17:25,040 --> 00:17:29,560 Speaker 1: San Francisco General the very cutting edge. They've led a 297 00:17:29,600 --> 00:17:33,399 Speaker 1: lot of treatment programs for UM HIV and AIDS over 298 00:17:33,440 --> 00:17:36,920 Speaker 1: the years, but they have this program now where they 299 00:17:36,920 --> 00:17:39,920 Speaker 1: will pay for a cab for you to be brought 300 00:17:39,960 --> 00:17:42,960 Speaker 1: from your doctor's office where you were just diagnosed to 301 00:17:43,200 --> 00:17:46,080 Speaker 1: Ward eighty six to be treated right then with heart 302 00:17:46,160 --> 00:17:50,000 Speaker 1: to begin treatment. Yeah. It's a doctor researcher called Hero 303 00:17:50,160 --> 00:17:54,399 Speaker 1: You hatano another hero another hero, You're right, And the 304 00:17:54,480 --> 00:17:59,080 Speaker 1: program is rapid UH, which the first letter also stands 305 00:17:59,080 --> 00:18:02,359 Speaker 1: for a rapid Yeah, I know, I don't think that's okay, 306 00:18:02,840 --> 00:18:04,800 Speaker 1: Well we'll give it to him. Rapid is the Rapid 307 00:18:04,880 --> 00:18:10,400 Speaker 1: Anti Retroviral Program Initiative for new diagnoses And like you said, 308 00:18:10,440 --> 00:18:14,000 Speaker 1: basically it's a treat and test and treat program where 309 00:18:14,040 --> 00:18:15,360 Speaker 1: as soon as you know you've got it. They want 310 00:18:15,359 --> 00:18:18,479 Speaker 1: to knock down any obstacle in your way, including that 311 00:18:18,520 --> 00:18:21,000 Speaker 1: first cab ride to get there and just go get 312 00:18:21,040 --> 00:18:23,360 Speaker 1: going on that stuff so you're not spreading the disease. 313 00:18:23,840 --> 00:18:27,000 Speaker 1: So we've got more on treatment and stuff like that. Uh, 314 00:18:27,040 --> 00:18:53,960 Speaker 1: and we'll get to it right after this message. All right, Chuck. 315 00:18:54,000 --> 00:18:56,560 Speaker 1: There's another UM. There's a group out there running around 316 00:18:56,560 --> 00:18:58,679 Speaker 1: too who are saying that they are working on an 317 00:18:58,760 --> 00:19:03,199 Speaker 1: AIDS or it's saying HIV vaccine. Yeah, you sent me 318 00:19:03,240 --> 00:19:07,720 Speaker 1: this one. UM. They are studying what are called controllers. 319 00:19:08,440 --> 00:19:12,840 Speaker 1: And these these controllers, they'll they get infected with HIV, 320 00:19:14,080 --> 00:19:18,280 Speaker 1: it's in their body and they never get sick from it. Yeah. 321 00:19:18,280 --> 00:19:22,520 Speaker 1: They're called long term non progressors or elite controllers, elite 322 00:19:22,520 --> 00:19:25,400 Speaker 1: of it. They prefer to be called elite controllers. Uh. 323 00:19:25,440 --> 00:19:28,879 Speaker 1: And they've estimated anywhere from one and two hundred to 324 00:19:28,960 --> 00:19:32,680 Speaker 1: one in five people. Uh. They don't think Magic Johnson 325 00:19:32,760 --> 00:19:34,919 Speaker 1: is one of these people, which we talked about. No, 326 00:19:35,080 --> 00:19:37,480 Speaker 1: he just responded, well the part, but there was the 327 00:19:37,480 --> 00:19:40,040 Speaker 1: thought that he might be. UM. And there's a project 328 00:19:40,040 --> 00:19:43,080 Speaker 1: called the Immunity Project. It's a nonprofit that seeks a 329 00:19:43,200 --> 00:19:46,960 Speaker 1: cure by stutting the blood of these elite controllers UM, 330 00:19:47,160 --> 00:19:48,919 Speaker 1: which I don't know why it's controversial, but I have 331 00:19:49,000 --> 00:19:51,959 Speaker 1: seen that other researchers are saying, like, don't do that, 332 00:19:53,320 --> 00:19:55,440 Speaker 1: it's not gonna work, or yeah, maybe that's it. Maybe 333 00:19:55,440 --> 00:19:58,360 Speaker 1: they think it's not resourced. Well, but they figured I mean, 334 00:19:58,400 --> 00:20:01,880 Speaker 1: they feel like they figured out what makes elite controllers, 335 00:20:02,040 --> 00:20:05,840 Speaker 1: what gives them that trait um. Apparently there's some proteins 336 00:20:06,440 --> 00:20:11,760 Speaker 1: that UM show these people signal proteins in their body 337 00:20:11,800 --> 00:20:14,600 Speaker 1: that that show the immune system where the best place 338 00:20:14,600 --> 00:20:18,959 Speaker 1: to attack in HIV viruses. Yeah, so that's genetic it is. 339 00:20:19,000 --> 00:20:21,800 Speaker 1: But it's also like it's not like there's something weird 340 00:20:21,880 --> 00:20:26,280 Speaker 1: with their own cells. It's like they're antibodies are UM 341 00:20:26,880 --> 00:20:32,240 Speaker 1: specialized to search and destroy HIV viruses, which is weird, 342 00:20:32,840 --> 00:20:34,919 Speaker 1: But that's definitely who you want to study. Why not 343 00:20:36,800 --> 00:20:40,439 Speaker 1: throw an extra hundred millionaire? Uh. This other part of 344 00:20:40,440 --> 00:20:43,359 Speaker 1: this article article from Pacific Standards, So it was interesting. 345 00:20:43,359 --> 00:20:46,240 Speaker 1: There was a case of the French girl she's now eighteen. 346 00:20:46,320 --> 00:20:49,240 Speaker 1: She was infected with HIV from her mother during pregnancy 347 00:20:49,359 --> 00:20:53,640 Speaker 1: or delivery. Immediately started started on the anti viral drugs. 348 00:20:54,200 --> 00:20:57,399 Speaker 1: Uh stayed on them for six years, and then she 349 00:20:57,560 --> 00:21:01,120 Speaker 1: stopped taking the medications for almost a year. Usually when 350 00:21:01,160 --> 00:21:04,200 Speaker 1: that happens is HIV just like really gets going again 351 00:21:04,240 --> 00:21:07,120 Speaker 1: and it's back on the move because of the reservoirs. Yeah, 352 00:21:07,160 --> 00:21:09,840 Speaker 1: it didn't happen in her case. Um, and so she 353 00:21:09,960 --> 00:21:13,439 Speaker 1: stayed off them for and she's been undetectable for twelve years. 354 00:21:13,920 --> 00:21:16,640 Speaker 1: So now they're thinking maybe one thing we can do 355 00:21:16,800 --> 00:21:20,240 Speaker 1: is get people on the drugs super soon, and then 356 00:21:20,320 --> 00:21:23,040 Speaker 1: wean them off of the drugs at a certain point 357 00:21:23,640 --> 00:21:28,760 Speaker 1: and see if that works. Basically like keeping good close 358 00:21:28,760 --> 00:21:30,640 Speaker 1: eye on them obviously not just being like, all right, 359 00:21:30,800 --> 00:21:32,800 Speaker 1: we'll see in a decade, let me know how it goes. 360 00:21:33,720 --> 00:21:36,800 Speaker 1: I mean, why not? So that's pretty promising too. Uh. 361 00:21:36,880 --> 00:21:42,160 Speaker 1: There's another uh potential strategy which is called shock and kill, 362 00:21:42,920 --> 00:21:48,800 Speaker 1: and that is flushing out the particles into the circulatory system. 363 00:21:48,840 --> 00:21:50,920 Speaker 1: So is that part of the one we talked about earlier? 364 00:21:51,320 --> 00:21:53,639 Speaker 1: I think so the pro stratton where is that the 365 00:21:53,680 --> 00:21:57,000 Speaker 1: same thing it activates dormant HIV cells to get them 366 00:21:57,040 --> 00:21:59,960 Speaker 1: to attack. I would say if it's not the same 367 00:22:00,240 --> 00:22:03,280 Speaker 1: drug or the same research group, it's the same principle, 368 00:22:04,000 --> 00:22:07,359 Speaker 1: you know, trying to awaken the sleeping beast and may 369 00:22:07,480 --> 00:22:12,640 Speaker 1: give us some big problems. Uh, Patient zero. We tease 370 00:22:12,720 --> 00:22:15,240 Speaker 1: that in the first episode. Yeah, I thought this was 371 00:22:15,280 --> 00:22:18,240 Speaker 1: super interesting. You referenced the book and movie and the 372 00:22:18,240 --> 00:22:22,000 Speaker 1: band played on by the book was Randy Schiltz about 373 00:22:22,000 --> 00:22:25,560 Speaker 1: the early days of AIDS and HIV, and um it 374 00:22:25,680 --> 00:22:30,560 Speaker 1: is there's now a book out called Plane Queer. Uh 375 00:22:30,600 --> 00:22:35,840 Speaker 1: and that is plane as an Airplane airplane terrible. Yeah, 376 00:22:35,880 --> 00:22:39,399 Speaker 1: I know colon labor, sexuality and AIDS. In the history 377 00:22:39,960 --> 00:22:44,840 Speaker 1: of male flight attendants and um, there was a man 378 00:22:45,080 --> 00:22:51,840 Speaker 1: named Guton Dougas Gayton m. I was in an a Yeah, 379 00:22:51,960 --> 00:22:55,800 Speaker 1: g A E T A N Gayton Dougas. He's Canadian 380 00:22:55,800 --> 00:23:01,919 Speaker 1: flight attendant. He's kebec Qua. It's Canadian people in compactus 381 00:23:01,960 --> 00:23:07,080 Speaker 1: maybe a national hero. Uh. They in this book. Basically 382 00:23:07,119 --> 00:23:09,080 Speaker 1: there was a big fear that this book wasn't going 383 00:23:09,119 --> 00:23:12,080 Speaker 1: to sell and get any attention. So the book publishing 384 00:23:12,119 --> 00:23:15,240 Speaker 1: because it's like six pages of methodical reporting on the 385 00:23:16,280 --> 00:23:21,040 Speaker 1: area of HIV eight Yeah, and um, the the the 386 00:23:21,160 --> 00:23:23,720 Speaker 1: editor now or the publisher has come out and said, 387 00:23:23,720 --> 00:23:27,280 Speaker 1: you know what, we kind of um resorted to yellow 388 00:23:27,359 --> 00:23:32,560 Speaker 1: journalism by allowing and leaking this supposed patient zero, this 389 00:23:33,160 --> 00:23:37,680 Speaker 1: gay flight attendant, good looking guy who was very sexually active. 390 00:23:38,040 --> 00:23:41,800 Speaker 1: He claimed to have more than partners over a ten 391 00:23:41,880 --> 00:23:45,159 Speaker 1: year span from the early seventies of the early eighties, 392 00:23:45,359 --> 00:23:49,600 Speaker 1: flying all over the world. Yeah, obviously it's a flight attendant. Um. 393 00:23:49,720 --> 00:23:52,800 Speaker 1: And they let the story leak to the New York Times. 394 00:23:52,880 --> 00:23:54,720 Speaker 1: Was at New York Times and New York Post. But 395 00:23:54,840 --> 00:23:58,680 Speaker 1: not only did they leak the story, they really they 396 00:23:58,720 --> 00:24:03,800 Speaker 1: really built up or overstated the guy's role as depicted 397 00:24:03,800 --> 00:24:06,960 Speaker 1: in the book too. Yeah. Basically, like this guy brought 398 00:24:07,000 --> 00:24:11,800 Speaker 1: AIDS to the United States. This guy is patients zero. 399 00:24:11,840 --> 00:24:14,320 Speaker 1: They they I think in the book he does compare 400 00:24:14,400 --> 00:24:19,200 Speaker 1: him to Quebec quaw typhoid Mary right away, because he did. 401 00:24:19,320 --> 00:24:21,560 Speaker 1: He did say, like I'm not gonna not have sex 402 00:24:21,680 --> 00:24:24,400 Speaker 1: or you nuts, like there are some stuff that this 403 00:24:24,440 --> 00:24:26,879 Speaker 1: guy definitely did do and he was one of the 404 00:24:26,920 --> 00:24:30,640 Speaker 1: early patients. But to lay the AIDS epidemic in America 405 00:24:30,800 --> 00:24:34,280 Speaker 1: at this one guy's feet it patently unfair. Yeah, and 406 00:24:34,400 --> 00:24:38,320 Speaker 1: untrue because he was not the first person. Uh he was. 407 00:24:38,600 --> 00:24:40,840 Speaker 1: They did trace early on, when they were tracing it 408 00:24:40,880 --> 00:24:46,000 Speaker 1: around the country. They labeled patients with l A as 409 00:24:46,040 --> 00:24:48,080 Speaker 1: in Los Angeles or New York like l A four 410 00:24:48,600 --> 00:24:51,600 Speaker 1: in Y three is what patient number and where they were. 411 00:24:52,040 --> 00:24:55,320 Speaker 1: And originally they said that his designation was OH for 412 00:24:55,440 --> 00:24:59,800 Speaker 1: out of California. Eventually that became zero. Uh. And he 413 00:25:00,359 --> 00:25:03,440 Speaker 1: unfairly pinned with spreading AIDS. He was he was part 414 00:25:03,480 --> 00:25:08,880 Speaker 1: of a smallish group, a very traveled, promiscuous gay men 415 00:25:09,720 --> 00:25:14,120 Speaker 1: that did help spread AIDS. But um, he was not 416 00:25:14,920 --> 00:25:18,479 Speaker 1: the reason he was not patients here. He was a reason. 417 00:25:18,800 --> 00:25:23,080 Speaker 1: He was right, but unfairly labeled. Um. But in the 418 00:25:23,200 --> 00:25:25,840 Speaker 1: end it ended up bringing a lot of attention to 419 00:25:25,920 --> 00:25:29,240 Speaker 1: it at a vital time. So that's why the conundrum, 420 00:25:29,359 --> 00:25:31,760 Speaker 1: that's why the editors of the editor of the book 421 00:25:31,800 --> 00:25:34,159 Speaker 1: is admitting and now he's saying, like you know, ultimately 422 00:25:34,200 --> 00:25:37,720 Speaker 1: it was a good move because it helped brought a 423 00:25:37,760 --> 00:25:40,760 Speaker 1: lot of bringing a lot of attention to this through 424 00:25:40,920 --> 00:25:43,840 Speaker 1: promotion of the book. But it was at the expense 425 00:25:43,880 --> 00:25:49,160 Speaker 1: of this one guy. And he died in um March 426 00:25:50,720 --> 00:25:55,000 Speaker 1: of kidney failure. Very sad. Uh. I think we need 427 00:25:55,040 --> 00:25:57,520 Speaker 1: one more break, correct, Yeah, and then we'll come back 428 00:25:57,560 --> 00:26:00,359 Speaker 1: and we'll talk about um. Some other celebrity who have 429 00:26:00,400 --> 00:26:04,440 Speaker 1: helped put a face to AIDS and the AIDS quilt. Yeah, 430 00:26:04,640 --> 00:26:32,800 Speaker 1: right for this, all right, Chuck, We're back. Yes, so 431 00:26:32,880 --> 00:26:37,359 Speaker 1: you tease celebrities. I love celebrities. Everyone does love celebrities, 432 00:26:37,400 --> 00:26:41,240 Speaker 1: And someone who is a celebrity who dies of AIDS 433 00:26:41,320 --> 00:26:44,280 Speaker 1: is no more important than um any other person who 434 00:26:44,359 --> 00:26:48,679 Speaker 1: dies of AIDS. But they are vital to putting a 435 00:26:48,720 --> 00:26:53,000 Speaker 1: face on things, into getting media attention and basically slapping 436 00:26:53,000 --> 00:26:55,760 Speaker 1: people in the face who think I can never get AIDS. 437 00:26:56,240 --> 00:26:59,840 Speaker 1: You know, easy we mentioned, Yeah, it definitely makes people. 438 00:27:00,080 --> 00:27:03,159 Speaker 1: What gives people pause? I didn't know, I don't I 439 00:27:03,160 --> 00:27:05,200 Speaker 1: didn't remember that some of these people died of AIDS. 440 00:27:05,280 --> 00:27:08,720 Speaker 1: Um Rock Hudson was a big one. Absolutely, Arthur ashe 441 00:27:08,760 --> 00:27:12,920 Speaker 1: had forgotten about that. Oh yeah, uh, Freddie Mercury. Honestly, 442 00:27:13,080 --> 00:27:16,040 Speaker 1: I was watching, Uh have you ever seen Queen live 443 00:27:16,080 --> 00:27:19,800 Speaker 1: in Montreal? I don't know. Maybe was he wearing um, 444 00:27:19,840 --> 00:27:24,640 Speaker 1: like white jumpsuit, white jeans and the Superman tank top. 445 00:27:25,520 --> 00:27:28,880 Speaker 1: It's just like it's like Queen's famous sponsort movie that 446 00:27:28,920 --> 00:27:31,119 Speaker 1: was on Palladium the other night. And I've seen that 447 00:27:31,119 --> 00:27:35,160 Speaker 1: thing probably a dozen times. Every time I'm knocked out. 448 00:27:35,680 --> 00:27:38,119 Speaker 1: Oh yeah, the Queen was great, and Freddie Murcury was 449 00:27:38,200 --> 00:27:41,399 Speaker 1: just such a rock star. Dude. It was like and 450 00:27:41,440 --> 00:27:42,639 Speaker 1: at the time when I was a little kid, I 451 00:27:42,680 --> 00:27:45,119 Speaker 1: didn't know what gay was, you know, just knew you 452 00:27:45,160 --> 00:27:48,880 Speaker 1: like Freddie Mercury. Absolutely. Yeah. I was the same kid 453 00:27:48,920 --> 00:27:51,840 Speaker 1: who drew the village people in crayon and my mom 454 00:27:51,920 --> 00:27:55,679 Speaker 1: was like, what's going on there? Um? But Freddiemurkey just 455 00:27:55,800 --> 00:27:58,600 Speaker 1: he still blows me away. What what a fantastic, awesome 456 00:27:58,680 --> 00:28:01,240 Speaker 1: rock star. I wonder how that he's gonna be Sasha 457 00:28:01,280 --> 00:28:03,520 Speaker 1: Baron Cohen's working on. He dropped out of that, he 458 00:28:03,680 --> 00:28:08,439 Speaker 1: came back back on baby. Well, I think he he 459 00:28:08,480 --> 00:28:11,359 Speaker 1: looks enough like him and he can do great impressions. 460 00:28:11,359 --> 00:28:14,560 Speaker 1: But he's just tall and lanky. So that's the only 461 00:28:14,560 --> 00:28:17,800 Speaker 1: thing that bothers me. It wasn't Freddie Mercury pretty tall. 462 00:28:18,000 --> 00:28:20,080 Speaker 1: He was a little guy. Oh really, Yeah, I didn't 463 00:28:20,080 --> 00:28:23,760 Speaker 1: know that. Yeah, spit fire, so you know whatever. It's 464 00:28:23,800 --> 00:28:27,480 Speaker 1: not like Christoph Waltz playing a guy from Nebraska into 465 00:28:27,760 --> 00:28:33,840 Speaker 1: Big Guys. Did you see that pile of do? That 466 00:28:33,880 --> 00:28:37,320 Speaker 1: movie bugged me so much every moment of it. I'm 467 00:28:37,400 --> 00:28:39,960 Speaker 1: just a nice man from the Brascot it was so 468 00:28:40,120 --> 00:28:42,960 Speaker 1: like he didn't even tried to copy. He didn't try 469 00:28:43,000 --> 00:28:45,880 Speaker 1: to hide his exit at all. He didn't because Tim 470 00:28:45,880 --> 00:28:48,280 Speaker 1: Burton probably wasn't even on set most of the time. 471 00:28:48,720 --> 00:28:52,200 Speaker 1: Why because he's phoning it in. Yeah he stinks now. 472 00:28:52,360 --> 00:28:54,160 Speaker 1: I did look up though, like, why in the world 473 00:28:54,160 --> 00:28:56,000 Speaker 1: did he cast him and Tim Burton? Because he got 474 00:28:56,000 --> 00:28:57,600 Speaker 1: some flak for it, and he was like, I just 475 00:28:57,800 --> 00:28:59,240 Speaker 1: it was more about the spirit of the guy, not 476 00:28:59,520 --> 00:29:04,160 Speaker 1: that he had heavy Austrian accent. Missed it a little bit, 477 00:29:04,560 --> 00:29:07,680 Speaker 1: Maybe re redo the character a tad then there's all 478 00:29:07,680 --> 00:29:10,560 Speaker 1: sorts of stuff you can do or um was it 479 00:29:10,640 --> 00:29:15,200 Speaker 1: Cameron Crow who cast? Um? What is her name? The 480 00:29:15,240 --> 00:29:18,959 Speaker 1: White Girl? Is an Asian character? What in it? Like 481 00:29:19,000 --> 00:29:24,120 Speaker 1: the most recent like his most recent movie? I didn't see, Yes, who? 482 00:29:24,240 --> 00:29:27,280 Speaker 1: I can't remember her names? A very famous actors the Redhead. 483 00:29:27,840 --> 00:29:35,160 Speaker 1: Yes from Birdman. Yes she plays an Asian character. Yes, yes, really, 484 00:29:36,000 --> 00:29:37,560 Speaker 1: all right, I'm gonna to look that up. Yeah, let's 485 00:29:37,560 --> 00:29:39,960 Speaker 1: go read about it after this. Alright, there was the 486 00:29:40,000 --> 00:29:42,520 Speaker 1: one tangent for the two parter. Yeah, we got a 487 00:29:42,520 --> 00:29:45,600 Speaker 1: lot in there. So back to celebrities who have passed 488 00:29:45,640 --> 00:29:49,480 Speaker 1: from aids Um Liberacci of course. Uh, Gia. That was 489 00:29:49,520 --> 00:29:54,160 Speaker 1: another thing too. Have you seen behind the candelabra? Are 490 00:29:54,200 --> 00:29:56,520 Speaker 1: you gonna say g of the model? Yeah, that was 491 00:29:56,560 --> 00:29:59,000 Speaker 1: a big one because that was a woman from hers 492 00:29:59,160 --> 00:30:02,160 Speaker 1: was from Needles, I think, so it's a pretty big 493 00:30:02,200 --> 00:30:07,160 Speaker 1: heroin addict. Uh Perry Ellis fashion designer, Mr Brady himself. 494 00:30:07,360 --> 00:30:12,360 Speaker 1: Oh yeah, Robert Reid, yep, I remember Pedro Zamora from 495 00:30:12,400 --> 00:30:14,360 Speaker 1: the Real World. That was a big deal because I 496 00:30:15,320 --> 00:30:17,120 Speaker 1: think each one of these cases kind of opened the 497 00:30:17,160 --> 00:30:20,520 Speaker 1: eyes of a different segment. UM and Pedro he was, 498 00:30:20,920 --> 00:30:23,880 Speaker 1: you know MTV's Real World before he got really bad. 499 00:30:24,240 --> 00:30:26,120 Speaker 1: He was one of the UM. I guess it was 500 00:30:26,160 --> 00:30:29,160 Speaker 1: the San Francisco and uh he helped up in the 501 00:30:29,200 --> 00:30:31,920 Speaker 1: lines for a lot of teenagers and kids because it 502 00:30:32,040 --> 00:30:36,200 Speaker 1: unfolded in real time on television. Oh. I didn't know 503 00:30:36,240 --> 00:30:38,280 Speaker 1: about that at all. Yeah, it was a really big 504 00:30:38,360 --> 00:30:45,480 Speaker 1: big thing. UM. Anthony Perkins yea psycho. UM, Brad Davis 505 00:30:45,520 --> 00:30:48,480 Speaker 1: from Midnight Express. He was straight, but he was a 506 00:30:48,560 --> 00:30:52,200 Speaker 1: drug user. So that kind of shone a light on that. Uh. 507 00:30:52,280 --> 00:30:56,600 Speaker 1: And then Keith Herring, the artist Tom Fogerty of Credence, 508 00:30:56,800 --> 00:31:01,800 Speaker 1: John Fogerty's brother got it through a blood transfusion. Man, 509 00:31:02,160 --> 00:31:05,240 Speaker 1: So between he and Ryan White, You're right, like, those 510 00:31:05,240 --> 00:31:08,360 Speaker 1: are all really different segments. Yeah, and I think, I 511 00:31:08,360 --> 00:31:13,800 Speaker 1: mean that's why I'm mentioning them because I think each segment, like, uh, 512 00:31:14,000 --> 00:31:16,880 Speaker 1: it just shines a light to a different group of 513 00:31:16,960 --> 00:31:21,240 Speaker 1: people who might be fans of theirs. Um, So you're saying, 514 00:31:21,240 --> 00:31:24,200 Speaker 1: we're going to talk about the aids quilte, Right, Yeah, 515 00:31:24,240 --> 00:31:26,960 Speaker 1: are you there? You got any more celebrities? No, I 516 00:31:26,960 --> 00:31:28,800 Speaker 1: mean there are more celebrities than that, but we just 517 00:31:28,840 --> 00:31:34,280 Speaker 1: went through a handful the aids quilt So have you 518 00:31:34,320 --> 00:31:37,400 Speaker 1: ever seen the movie Milk? Yeah, the UM One of 519 00:31:37,480 --> 00:31:41,400 Speaker 1: the main characters, Clive Jones, UM, is a real life person, 520 00:31:41,600 --> 00:31:44,000 Speaker 1: as was Harvey Milk, who played Cleive Jones in the movie. 521 00:31:44,040 --> 00:31:46,080 Speaker 1: I don't remember. I want to say it was like 522 00:31:46,960 --> 00:31:51,400 Speaker 1: the dude from UM Big Bang Theory, but it's not. 523 00:31:52,440 --> 00:31:54,520 Speaker 1: I've never seen that show, but it looks a little 524 00:31:54,520 --> 00:31:56,719 Speaker 1: bit like him. I don't really watch it either, but 525 00:31:56,840 --> 00:31:58,360 Speaker 1: you know, I'm aware of pop culture, you know what 526 00:31:58,400 --> 00:32:01,880 Speaker 1: I'm saying. So anyway, UM, Clive Jones was a guy 527 00:32:01,960 --> 00:32:04,560 Speaker 1: who was a friend of Harvey Milks, and UM, Harvey 528 00:32:04,600 --> 00:32:09,880 Speaker 1: Milk was very famously assassinated by Dan White the Twinkie Defense. 529 00:32:10,880 --> 00:32:12,760 Speaker 1: I recognize the guy, but I don't know what else 530 00:32:12,760 --> 00:32:14,520 Speaker 1: he's been in. He was from the Dogtown in z 531 00:32:14,640 --> 00:32:20,000 Speaker 1: Boys movie and among many other things. Um So, uh, 532 00:32:20,160 --> 00:32:22,720 Speaker 1: Harvey Milk was killed and in his honor, starting in 533 00:32:22,840 --> 00:32:26,240 Speaker 1: nineteen seventy eight, I think Clive Jones organized the candlelight 534 00:32:26,320 --> 00:32:29,720 Speaker 1: vigil for him and George Muscone, the mayor who was 535 00:32:29,760 --> 00:32:33,680 Speaker 1: also killed by Dan White. Um but Harvey Milk was 536 00:32:34,560 --> 00:32:37,760 Speaker 1: He was I think the first openly gay politician in 537 00:32:37,800 --> 00:32:41,240 Speaker 1: San Francisco. So here's a gay rights hero for sure. 538 00:32:41,400 --> 00:32:45,200 Speaker 1: Um So, to honors memory, they would hold Clive Jones 539 00:32:45,200 --> 00:32:49,040 Speaker 1: would organize these candlelight vigils and um at one in 540 00:32:49,840 --> 00:32:53,400 Speaker 1: five he found out that um about like more than 541 00:32:53,440 --> 00:32:57,240 Speaker 1: a thousand in San Franciscans had died of AIDS and uh. 542 00:32:57,360 --> 00:33:01,000 Speaker 1: He during organizing the candlelight vigil, he asked people to 543 00:33:01,080 --> 00:33:05,920 Speaker 1: write the names of those people down on little cards, right, 544 00:33:06,160 --> 00:33:07,800 Speaker 1: and then he took the cards he and some other 545 00:33:07,880 --> 00:33:11,320 Speaker 1: volunteers at the end of the vigil and posted them 546 00:33:11,400 --> 00:33:14,120 Speaker 1: on the Federal Building wall. And apparently it looked a 547 00:33:14,120 --> 00:33:18,280 Speaker 1: lot like a patchwork quilt boom, and he thought the 548 00:33:18,320 --> 00:33:21,240 Speaker 1: little light bulb went off his head. And Clive Jones said, 549 00:33:21,280 --> 00:33:23,840 Speaker 1: I think we should make a quilt because they've been 550 00:33:23,840 --> 00:33:27,480 Speaker 1: trying to figure out a memorial for um uh, people 551 00:33:27,480 --> 00:33:29,720 Speaker 1: who had died of AIDS. Yeah. I didn't know how 552 00:33:30,560 --> 00:33:32,680 Speaker 1: organic it was and how it started. And I just 553 00:33:32,680 --> 00:33:36,320 Speaker 1: think it's such a neat story that is so it's 554 00:33:36,560 --> 00:33:41,000 Speaker 1: very cleeve. Uh. In June seven, he um Well the 555 00:33:41,040 --> 00:33:44,520 Speaker 1: first panel he created in memory of his friend Marvin Feldman. 556 00:33:44,920 --> 00:33:46,560 Speaker 1: And in June of eighty seven he teamed up with 557 00:33:46,560 --> 00:33:49,280 Speaker 1: a guy named Mike Smith and some other folks to 558 00:33:49,400 --> 00:33:54,400 Speaker 1: organize the Official Names Project Foundation, and uh they started 559 00:33:54,400 --> 00:33:58,080 Speaker 1: pouring in these these pieces of quilt, these patches started 560 00:33:58,120 --> 00:33:59,880 Speaker 1: coming in from all over the country, then all over 561 00:33:59,880 --> 00:34:04,479 Speaker 1: the world. And in October of nine they displayed it 562 00:34:04,560 --> 00:34:08,799 Speaker 1: for the first of what would be uh one, two, three, four, 563 00:34:09,200 --> 00:34:14,520 Speaker 1: five times in its full glory in Washington, d C. Yeah, 564 00:34:14,680 --> 00:34:16,799 Speaker 1: the first big deal. The first time, it was the 565 00:34:16,800 --> 00:34:20,520 Speaker 1: size of a football field. The last time they displayed 566 00:34:20,520 --> 00:34:24,840 Speaker 1: at Chuck Woods wind uh with the last time, and 567 00:34:24,840 --> 00:34:27,560 Speaker 1: it was much bigger, it wasn't it. Yes, it covered 568 00:34:27,560 --> 00:34:32,000 Speaker 1: the entire National Mall. That really drives at home. Well, 569 00:34:32,040 --> 00:34:34,239 Speaker 1: which is the whole point, Like, look how massive this 570 00:34:34,280 --> 00:34:38,719 Speaker 1: thing is. Uh. It has been on tour um more 571 00:34:38,760 --> 00:34:40,880 Speaker 1: than a half a million people visited the first weekend 572 00:34:40,920 --> 00:34:43,680 Speaker 1: and since then it's gone on many tours all over 573 00:34:43,719 --> 00:34:47,520 Speaker 1: the country, all over the world, and uh has raised 574 00:34:47,560 --> 00:34:51,000 Speaker 1: a lot of money I think so far over three 575 00:34:51,040 --> 00:34:54,480 Speaker 1: million dollars. Is that right? Oh yeah, easily. It seems 576 00:34:54,520 --> 00:34:57,160 Speaker 1: like it would be more than that, sure, but it's 577 00:34:57,239 --> 00:34:59,760 Speaker 1: just through this one project. It says the Names Project 578 00:34:59,760 --> 00:35:02,360 Speaker 1: found Asian has raised over three million dollars. I'm surprised. 579 00:35:02,400 --> 00:35:06,080 Speaker 1: That's all. Um. In nineteen eighty nine it was nominated. 580 00:35:06,120 --> 00:35:08,520 Speaker 1: The quilt itself was nominated for a Nobel Peace Prize 581 00:35:09,640 --> 00:35:12,720 Speaker 1: and it's still the largest community art project in the world. 582 00:35:13,320 --> 00:35:16,840 Speaker 1: And if you have not seen the documentary Common Threads 583 00:35:16,880 --> 00:35:21,439 Speaker 1: Colon Stories from the Quilt, you should. One Academy Award 584 00:35:21,440 --> 00:35:25,080 Speaker 1: for Best Documentary. And it has become a symbol and 585 00:35:25,200 --> 00:35:27,480 Speaker 1: it all grew out of that one neat little idea 586 00:35:27,520 --> 00:35:30,440 Speaker 1: from that candlelight vigil. Pretty cool, pretty cool indeed. And 587 00:35:30,480 --> 00:35:32,400 Speaker 1: the reason they're not showing it in full anymore, I 588 00:35:32,440 --> 00:35:35,600 Speaker 1: think it's because it's too big, which is sad, you know, 589 00:35:36,320 --> 00:35:39,279 Speaker 1: like there's no space large enough to hold it. Well, 590 00:35:39,320 --> 00:35:41,480 Speaker 1: that's not true. You could probably go out to the 591 00:35:41,520 --> 00:35:45,480 Speaker 1: desert somewhere. Oh yeah, you know, yeah, but then it 592 00:35:45,560 --> 00:35:47,960 Speaker 1: get all sandy. Yeah, you don't want to do that, 593 00:35:48,400 --> 00:35:52,040 Speaker 1: go to the beach. It's been weeks shaking that thing out. Yeah, 594 00:35:52,239 --> 00:35:55,960 Speaker 1: it would be tough. God, they can't imagine like transporting that. Yeah, 595 00:35:56,000 --> 00:35:57,440 Speaker 1: I don't know how they do it. I'm sure it's 596 00:35:57,440 --> 00:36:01,359 Speaker 1: in pieces. Yeah, I guess they may rease the whole 597 00:36:01,400 --> 00:36:04,480 Speaker 1: thing back together every time. I don't think they saw it. 598 00:36:04,480 --> 00:36:07,080 Speaker 1: They probably just put it together. Oh, I see, that's 599 00:36:07,200 --> 00:36:10,880 Speaker 1: that's my guess. I'm not sure. Okay, I doubt if 600 00:36:10,880 --> 00:36:13,840 Speaker 1: they folded up as one piece though, throw it in 601 00:36:13,880 --> 00:36:15,920 Speaker 1: the truck, you know. Yeah, well it would very quickly 602 00:36:15,960 --> 00:36:18,560 Speaker 1: reach to the moon. Have you ever heard that? You know, 603 00:36:18,600 --> 00:36:21,400 Speaker 1: like you can fold the paper, normal sized paper, several 604 00:36:21,440 --> 00:36:25,879 Speaker 1: times and very quickly it reaches right into outer space. Wait, 605 00:36:25,880 --> 00:36:27,959 Speaker 1: I thought something couldn't be folded more than a certain 606 00:36:27,960 --> 00:36:30,400 Speaker 1: amount of times. That's a lie, is it was? That? 607 00:36:30,480 --> 00:36:33,560 Speaker 1: It don't be dune? What was the number of times? 608 00:36:33,560 --> 00:36:36,920 Speaker 1: It was supposedly seven? And this girl in high school, Uh, 609 00:36:37,040 --> 00:36:41,000 Speaker 1: somewhere in like the early two thousands proved it is possible. 610 00:36:41,080 --> 00:36:43,880 Speaker 1: She did over like eleven or something. But the paper 611 00:36:44,120 --> 00:36:47,399 Speaker 1: that she used like went from you know, paper thin 612 00:36:47,520 --> 00:36:50,799 Speaker 1: to that after you know, ten folds, and so she 613 00:36:50,880 --> 00:36:54,279 Speaker 1: did the math to see um after like twenty or 614 00:36:54,360 --> 00:36:56,239 Speaker 1: fifty folds or something like that, it would hit the 615 00:36:56,280 --> 00:36:58,960 Speaker 1: moon after like a hundred and twenty folds, it would 616 00:36:58,960 --> 00:37:02,719 Speaker 1: expand further than the visible universe? Is that cool? And 617 00:37:02,760 --> 00:37:07,680 Speaker 1: now she volunteers with the AIDS quilt holding it. That's right? Ah, 618 00:37:07,800 --> 00:37:10,319 Speaker 1: you got anything else? Nope? No, I think you're right. Though. 619 00:37:10,360 --> 00:37:13,239 Speaker 1: We could have made a whole entire podcast series out 620 00:37:13,239 --> 00:37:15,560 Speaker 1: of this, right, Yeah, I hope you did a good job. 621 00:37:17,040 --> 00:37:20,040 Speaker 1: We tried. We definitely did. H If you want to 622 00:37:20,040 --> 00:37:24,160 Speaker 1: know more about HIV AIDS, UM, you should go research that, 623 00:37:24,280 --> 00:37:28,120 Speaker 1: especially for this Aid's Day week. UM. You can start 624 00:37:28,160 --> 00:37:30,520 Speaker 1: by typing the word AIDS into the search bar at 625 00:37:30,520 --> 00:37:33,399 Speaker 1: how stuff works dot com. And since I said search bar, 626 00:37:33,400 --> 00:37:38,279 Speaker 1: it's time for listener men. Yes, and if you are 627 00:37:38,320 --> 00:37:41,839 Speaker 1: sexually active, go get tested. Yeah, that's a great way 628 00:37:41,840 --> 00:37:48,200 Speaker 1: to celebrate um AS day. No reason not to um celebrate, observe. 629 00:37:48,320 --> 00:37:52,520 Speaker 1: How about observe, observe. Ye. Yeah, it's a little more 630 00:37:52,560 --> 00:37:55,759 Speaker 1: solemn than celebrating AID to day, I think celebrating awareness 631 00:37:55,960 --> 00:37:57,920 Speaker 1: is okay, that's all right. Thanks, I know what, man, 632 00:37:58,000 --> 00:38:00,120 Speaker 1: thanks for letting me off the hook. All right, this 633 00:38:00,160 --> 00:38:03,520 Speaker 1: is gonna be called listener mail. At the end of 634 00:38:03,600 --> 00:38:07,720 Speaker 1: the HIV AIDS series. Hey, guys, just recently came across 635 00:38:07,719 --> 00:38:11,040 Speaker 1: your podcast thanks to recommendation from Holly and Tracy. Stuff 636 00:38:11,040 --> 00:38:15,040 Speaker 1: you miss in history class. It's nice. Just finished listening 637 00:38:15,040 --> 00:38:17,920 Speaker 1: to ten most disturbing medical procedures, and I have a story. 638 00:38:18,600 --> 00:38:23,239 Speaker 1: My husband recently was diagnosed with uh minyars disease. While 639 00:38:23,280 --> 00:38:25,560 Speaker 1: he was being diagnosed, he was sent to an audiologist. 640 00:38:26,320 --> 00:38:28,319 Speaker 1: An audiologist took him to a room no bigger than 641 00:38:28,320 --> 00:38:30,600 Speaker 1: a closet and strapped him into a chair. The lights 642 00:38:30,600 --> 00:38:33,080 Speaker 1: were then turned off in the chair of spun while 643 00:38:33,120 --> 00:38:38,520 Speaker 1: the audiologist audio logist audio. Yeah that's right, Yeah, you 644 00:38:38,560 --> 00:38:41,839 Speaker 1: had it right. Uh. The chair was then whilst um 645 00:38:41,920 --> 00:38:44,560 Speaker 1: She asked him questions. The chair was then reversed in direction. 646 00:38:44,880 --> 00:38:47,320 Speaker 1: He was asked you the more questions. These were basic 647 00:38:47,400 --> 00:38:50,400 Speaker 1: questions like what's your wife's name, children's names, et cetera. 648 00:38:50,840 --> 00:38:52,319 Speaker 1: He was even asked at one point to say a 649 00:38:52,400 --> 00:38:54,680 Speaker 1: boy's name for each letter of alphabet starting with A 650 00:38:55,200 --> 00:38:57,840 Speaker 1: and ending in Z. It would be a fun little test, 651 00:38:58,160 --> 00:39:04,040 Speaker 1: Zeke and on. I found it amusing because you had 652 00:39:04,040 --> 00:39:06,480 Speaker 1: mentioned in the podcast how the worldly chair is no 653 00:39:06,560 --> 00:39:09,239 Speaker 1: longer in use and you couldn't find anything about it. Well, 654 00:39:09,280 --> 00:39:12,200 Speaker 1: today it's called a rotary chair and is used to 655 00:39:12,239 --> 00:39:14,560 Speaker 1: study the workings of the inner ear. While you would 656 00:39:14,560 --> 00:39:16,959 Speaker 1: find it even more amusing after airing that show, while 657 00:39:16,960 --> 00:39:19,840 Speaker 1: some people are treating the rotary chair as a new invention, 658 00:39:20,239 --> 00:39:22,960 Speaker 1: me so, I think Heather here is saying that the 659 00:39:23,040 --> 00:39:24,879 Speaker 1: rotary chair is the same thing as the Worldly chair. 660 00:39:24,920 --> 00:39:28,120 Speaker 1: It's alive and well, yeah, thanks Heather. Yeah, thanks a lot, Heather, 661 00:39:28,239 --> 00:39:31,799 Speaker 1: and the best of luck to your husband. Yeah, it's 662 00:39:31,800 --> 00:39:37,800 Speaker 1: still stuck in the worly chair going uh David Elias Frank, 663 00:39:38,680 --> 00:39:41,279 Speaker 1: She's like, Frank doesn't count the short for France's start over. 664 00:39:42,719 --> 00:39:44,080 Speaker 1: If you want to get in touch with us, you 665 00:39:44,080 --> 00:39:46,360 Speaker 1: can tweet to us at s Y s K podcast. 666 00:39:46,680 --> 00:39:48,919 Speaker 1: You can join us on Facebook dot com slash stuff 667 00:39:48,960 --> 00:39:51,360 Speaker 1: you should know. You can send us an email to 668 00:39:51,520 --> 00:39:53,960 Speaker 1: Stuff podcast at how stuff worst dot com and has 669 00:39:53,960 --> 00:39:56,240 Speaker 1: always joined us at our home on the Web. Stuff 670 00:39:56,239 --> 00:40:03,480 Speaker 1: you Should Know dot com. For more on this and 671 00:40:03,560 --> 00:40:13,560 Speaker 1: thousands of other topics, visit how Stuff Works dot com. 672 00:40:07,000 --> 00:40:07,040 Speaker 1: M