1 00:00:01,080 --> 00:00:04,240 Speaker 1: Welcome to you Stuff you Should Know from House Stuff 2 00:00:04,240 --> 00:00:12,719 Speaker 1: Works dot com. Hey, and welcome to the podcast. I'm 3 00:00:12,800 --> 00:00:16,200 Speaker 1: Josh Clark. There's Charles W Chuck Bryant. Jerry's over there. 4 00:00:16,600 --> 00:00:19,319 Speaker 1: Chuck's wearing his Last Chance garage hat, which means that 5 00:00:19,400 --> 00:00:22,279 Speaker 1: all is right with the world. You know, Chuck's not 6 00:00:22,320 --> 00:00:26,680 Speaker 1: wearing that hat. Who knows what's going on? There's I 7 00:00:26,680 --> 00:00:30,479 Speaker 1: thought a loss this thing. Yeah, yeah, I think I 8 00:00:30,600 --> 00:00:35,280 Speaker 1: vaguely remember that that freak was the Delta and everything, 9 00:00:35,479 --> 00:00:37,880 Speaker 1: and I was like, oh, here it is. It's on 10 00:00:37,960 --> 00:00:42,640 Speaker 1: my head in your back pocket with Bruce Springsteen. That's right. Uh, 11 00:00:42,960 --> 00:00:46,000 Speaker 1: how you doing great? Um? Chuck, Yes, I think you 12 00:00:46,080 --> 00:00:48,639 Speaker 1: knew this, but I'm not sure everybody listening does. Um. 13 00:00:48,680 --> 00:00:51,040 Speaker 1: If you if you like not you, Chuck put people 14 00:00:51,040 --> 00:00:53,600 Speaker 1: out there. I'm speaking to you now. If you like 15 00:00:53,680 --> 00:00:55,240 Speaker 1: hanging out with us on the podcast, you can hang 16 00:00:55,240 --> 00:00:57,560 Speaker 1: out with this outside of the podcast too. You know. 17 00:00:57,600 --> 00:00:59,960 Speaker 1: Some people are like, can you release a podcast every day? 18 00:01:00,360 --> 00:01:03,280 Speaker 1: No we can't, but we do hang out on Twitter, 19 00:01:03,760 --> 00:01:06,640 Speaker 1: Facebook that kind of thing every day. Yes, we do 20 00:01:06,800 --> 00:01:10,679 Speaker 1: every day. Our Twitter handle is s y SK podcast 21 00:01:11,280 --> 00:01:13,600 Speaker 1: Facebook dot com, Slash Stuff you Should Know. Yeah, we're 22 00:01:13,640 --> 00:01:16,240 Speaker 1: trying to get up over a hundred thousand likes on Facebook, 23 00:01:16,440 --> 00:01:19,920 Speaker 1: so close. So if you could like us and then 24 00:01:19,959 --> 00:01:22,840 Speaker 1: just hide us if you don't like us, I don't 25 00:01:22,840 --> 00:01:24,600 Speaker 1: even think you need to hide us, like I think 26 00:01:24,640 --> 00:01:28,280 Speaker 1: eight percent of people get any given posts. It varies 27 00:01:28,480 --> 00:01:31,200 Speaker 1: something like that though, right, So, I mean I think 28 00:01:31,280 --> 00:01:33,840 Speaker 1: you will seek us out though, rather than hiding us 29 00:01:33,880 --> 00:01:36,839 Speaker 1: because it's in an entertaining page. We like to deliver 30 00:01:36,880 --> 00:01:38,600 Speaker 1: the goods. Yeah, and then of course you can hang 31 00:01:38,600 --> 00:01:40,520 Speaker 1: out with us on our website stuff you should know 32 00:01:40,600 --> 00:01:43,800 Speaker 1: dot com where we have blogs, slide shows, we post 33 00:01:43,840 --> 00:01:48,280 Speaker 1: our podcasts there, videos, it's like the the Josh and 34 00:01:48,360 --> 00:01:53,880 Speaker 1: Chuck video network. Agreed. Okay, so they're all right. Now 35 00:01:54,240 --> 00:01:59,760 Speaker 1: let's talk about electricity. Electricity, electricity. I've had the talking 36 00:01:59,800 --> 00:02:04,520 Speaker 1: Head song in my head, which one electricity where all 37 00:02:04,520 --> 00:02:06,560 Speaker 1: these sees or little dots. I thought you're gonna say 38 00:02:06,560 --> 00:02:10,000 Speaker 1: once in a lifetime. No, that's what is that called? 39 00:02:10,040 --> 00:02:13,760 Speaker 1: Once in a lifetime? Yeah? Uh yeah, I've been singing 40 00:02:13,800 --> 00:02:17,520 Speaker 1: the Schoolhouse Rock electricity song over and over in my head. 41 00:02:17,600 --> 00:02:21,800 Speaker 1: What about the electric company theme song? M I haven't 42 00:02:21,800 --> 00:02:24,200 Speaker 1: been singing that, but do you remember it? Yeah? That 43 00:02:24,320 --> 00:02:28,760 Speaker 1: was that was Electric Company over Sesame Street. Even Oh, yeah, 44 00:02:28,800 --> 00:02:31,040 Speaker 1: I didn't think there had to be like a you know, 45 00:02:31,160 --> 00:02:33,200 Speaker 1: I didn't know it was like the Stones or the Beatles. 46 00:02:33,240 --> 00:02:36,360 Speaker 1: You know. No, it's uh in the correct answer, there's 47 00:02:36,400 --> 00:02:42,120 Speaker 1: the Who. By the way, what do you mean is 48 00:02:42,120 --> 00:02:44,400 Speaker 1: that right now? I mean, yeah, I love the Who, 49 00:02:44,560 --> 00:02:48,040 Speaker 1: but I'm with you. I don't see the need to 50 00:02:48,360 --> 00:02:52,000 Speaker 1: rank things like that. Well, Plus, the Electric Company came 51 00:02:52,040 --> 00:02:55,840 Speaker 1: on after Sesame Street. I think, yeah, excwed slightly older. 52 00:02:56,360 --> 00:02:59,600 Speaker 1: I think Sesame Street to me felt like, you know, 53 00:03:00,120 --> 00:03:02,880 Speaker 1: seven eight year olds. Electric companies were like eight, nine, ten, twelve. 54 00:03:02,960 --> 00:03:05,440 Speaker 1: And then even younger than Sesame Street was pin Wheel 55 00:03:05,480 --> 00:03:09,359 Speaker 1: if I remember correctly, that was after your time. Pinwell 56 00:03:09,400 --> 00:03:11,480 Speaker 1: was pretty cute. It was like little kids, and the 57 00:03:11,560 --> 00:03:14,560 Speaker 1: Sesame Street was like little kids, and then Electric Company 58 00:03:14,639 --> 00:03:17,640 Speaker 1: was like cool and Romper Room was kind of pre 59 00:03:17,760 --> 00:03:20,400 Speaker 1: Sesame Street. Even so, Was that the one with Reggedy, 60 00:03:20,440 --> 00:03:23,960 Speaker 1: Ann and Andy? I don't remember. I just remember it was. 61 00:03:24,360 --> 00:03:27,840 Speaker 1: It's very immature, Yeah, three childish you think Reggedy, Ann 62 00:03:27,880 --> 00:03:30,280 Speaker 1: and Andy were in that? Well, at any rate, we've 63 00:03:30,320 --> 00:03:33,440 Speaker 1: angered enough people now, I know. Uh, I have an 64 00:03:33,440 --> 00:03:38,880 Speaker 1: intro for this one. Okay, you ready, about thirteen point 65 00:03:38,920 --> 00:03:42,480 Speaker 1: eight billion years ago, a little something called the Big 66 00:03:42,520 --> 00:03:46,080 Speaker 1: Bang happened and the universe was created, so says you. 67 00:03:46,480 --> 00:03:48,880 Speaker 1: So this there's a lot of people. You know, we 68 00:03:48,880 --> 00:03:53,600 Speaker 1: weren't around. Nobody saw it, but it's been detected and 69 00:03:53,720 --> 00:03:58,720 Speaker 1: it's strongly suspected by scientists that the universe is thirteen 70 00:03:58,720 --> 00:04:01,120 Speaker 1: point eight billion years old and that it came from 71 00:04:01,240 --> 00:04:03,600 Speaker 1: something called the Big Bang, which, by the way, I 72 00:04:03,600 --> 00:04:08,720 Speaker 1: would love to do an episode on Okay, um and 73 00:04:08,880 --> 00:04:11,960 Speaker 1: under the auspices of the Big Bang theory, not the 74 00:04:12,000 --> 00:04:15,920 Speaker 1: TV show, but the actual theory. UM. At that moment, 75 00:04:16,279 --> 00:04:19,520 Speaker 1: all of the energy in the entire universe was created 76 00:04:19,640 --> 00:04:24,800 Speaker 1: right then, boom bam. Ever since that point that energy 77 00:04:25,000 --> 00:04:27,960 Speaker 1: has no more energy has been created and none of 78 00:04:27,960 --> 00:04:31,159 Speaker 1: that energy has been destroyed. But it changes states, that 79 00:04:31,240 --> 00:04:35,680 Speaker 1: changes shapes, that can be locked up in different um places. 80 00:04:35,960 --> 00:04:38,599 Speaker 1: It can be transferred from one place to another via 81 00:04:38,720 --> 00:04:43,560 Speaker 1: some natural ways like convection, conduction, radiation, UM. And like 82 00:04:43,600 --> 00:04:45,560 Speaker 1: I said, it can be stored and stuff like it 83 00:04:45,600 --> 00:04:50,080 Speaker 1: can be stored in your body. Right. Fat is potential 84 00:04:50,160 --> 00:04:53,440 Speaker 1: energy that can be burned and used for energy to 85 00:04:53,600 --> 00:04:56,680 Speaker 1: carry out work, which is all we're looking to do 86 00:04:56,880 --> 00:04:59,560 Speaker 1: is work. We use energy to carry out work, whether 87 00:04:59,600 --> 00:05:02,320 Speaker 1: it's digging a shovel or lighting a light bulb. That's 88 00:05:02,320 --> 00:05:07,440 Speaker 1: what energy does. It produces work, right, Yeah, okay, um, 89 00:05:07,560 --> 00:05:09,760 Speaker 1: we figured out along the way that we don't have 90 00:05:09,800 --> 00:05:13,839 Speaker 1: to wait around for radiation or convection or conduction to 91 00:05:14,240 --> 00:05:18,720 Speaker 1: do its thing to provide energy, because we'd have a 92 00:05:18,760 --> 00:05:21,279 Speaker 1: lot of waiting to do. We wouldn't be in the 93 00:05:21,320 --> 00:05:25,160 Speaker 1: computer age right now if it weren't for something called electricity, 94 00:05:25,200 --> 00:05:29,520 Speaker 1: which is basically how humans have figured out how to 95 00:05:29,640 --> 00:05:33,560 Speaker 1: harness converting energy from one type of another and then 96 00:05:33,600 --> 00:05:38,520 Speaker 1: transmitting it a very long distance. Because electricity isn't a 97 00:05:38,560 --> 00:05:42,240 Speaker 1: primary energy source like the sun or solar radiation or 98 00:05:42,360 --> 00:05:47,520 Speaker 1: nuclear energy or even the flow of water kinetic energy. Yeah, 99 00:05:47,560 --> 00:05:50,719 Speaker 1: it's and and it's a secondary energy source. It's a carrier, 100 00:05:51,120 --> 00:05:55,839 Speaker 1: that's right. So electricity carries energy from one point to another. 101 00:05:56,120 --> 00:05:59,920 Speaker 1: And if you understand that, you understand the very bay 102 00:06:00,080 --> 00:06:04,800 Speaker 1: cyst of while we're gonna talk about today, like we've 103 00:06:04,839 --> 00:06:09,000 Speaker 1: figured out how to generate electricity to carry energy to 104 00:06:09,040 --> 00:06:12,680 Speaker 1: produce work down the line, that's right. That's my intro 105 00:06:12,880 --> 00:06:17,960 Speaker 1: which is usually Mechanical energy is what's produced by machine. Yes, 106 00:06:18,080 --> 00:06:22,160 Speaker 1: so think about this, like, if you capture mechanical energy 107 00:06:22,240 --> 00:06:25,760 Speaker 1: like water spinning a turbine, which we'll talk about, and 108 00:06:25,920 --> 00:06:29,040 Speaker 1: Niagara falls, that's not gonna do anything to light your 109 00:06:29,120 --> 00:06:34,000 Speaker 1: light bulb, uh, two miles away, not by itself. No, 110 00:06:34,320 --> 00:06:38,880 Speaker 1: unless you connected to you send the the work produced, 111 00:06:38,960 --> 00:06:42,320 Speaker 1: the energy captured in Niagara falls down to your lightbulb. 112 00:06:42,680 --> 00:06:48,440 Speaker 1: And that's what we do using electricity, that's right. Uh, Yeah, 113 00:06:48,480 --> 00:06:52,800 Speaker 1: it's pretty simple. Actually, it seems complicated, but it's not. No, 114 00:06:53,160 --> 00:06:56,680 Speaker 1: just electrons moving around. Yeah, let's talk about electrons, man, 115 00:06:56,720 --> 00:06:59,000 Speaker 1: let's talk about the atom. We should we talk about 116 00:06:59,000 --> 00:07:03,120 Speaker 1: the history of this stuff. Yes, let's uh. Back in 117 00:07:03,200 --> 00:07:07,719 Speaker 1: the olden days, in ancient times, there were dudes messing 118 00:07:07,760 --> 00:07:12,679 Speaker 1: around with with energy and static electricity without even knowing 119 00:07:12,720 --> 00:07:16,000 Speaker 1: what they were doing. Right, they didn't understand it, But 120 00:07:16,120 --> 00:07:18,760 Speaker 1: that doesn't mean that they weren't playing around with it. No, 121 00:07:18,960 --> 00:07:22,920 Speaker 1: and getting zapped because they're messing mestatic electricity, that's right, 122 00:07:22,960 --> 00:07:25,840 Speaker 1: which will explain all that later too. But there was 123 00:07:25,880 --> 00:07:29,560 Speaker 1: one dude called Dallas of Melitas. He used a philosopher 124 00:07:29,600 --> 00:07:32,760 Speaker 1: in Greece and in six d BC. He has thought 125 00:07:32,840 --> 00:07:35,880 Speaker 1: to have been the first dude to mess around with 126 00:07:36,080 --> 00:07:41,360 Speaker 1: electro statics static electricity by rubbing amber with fur and 127 00:07:41,440 --> 00:07:43,720 Speaker 1: he noticed that dust and feathers and things were attracted 128 00:07:43,760 --> 00:07:46,080 Speaker 1: to it. He didn't know what the heck was going on, 129 00:07:46,480 --> 00:07:49,000 Speaker 1: but he knew something was up right, and the amber 130 00:07:49,000 --> 00:07:53,520 Speaker 1: plays a pretty big role. It's actually um amber. The 131 00:07:53,640 --> 00:07:56,400 Speaker 1: Latin er I'm sorry that Greek Greek Greek word for 132 00:07:56,440 --> 00:08:00,880 Speaker 1: amber is um electron with a K. That was like 133 00:08:00,920 --> 00:08:04,360 Speaker 1: the way heavy metal, you know, but that's so like 134 00:08:04,440 --> 00:08:08,000 Speaker 1: our Our word electricity is derived from the Greek word 135 00:08:08,000 --> 00:08:12,160 Speaker 1: for amber, from that first experiment with static electricity. Yeah, 136 00:08:12,200 --> 00:08:15,640 Speaker 1: and it was actually coined by dude name William Gilbert. 137 00:08:15,720 --> 00:08:19,520 Speaker 1: He was an Englishman, a physician, and he was studying 138 00:08:19,560 --> 00:08:22,720 Speaker 1: sort of the same things with static electricity. The melitas 139 00:08:22,840 --> 00:08:26,000 Speaker 1: was and he was the first person to say it's 140 00:08:26,000 --> 00:08:29,280 Speaker 1: electric and he saw these forces at work with an 141 00:08:29,360 --> 00:08:32,920 Speaker 1: exclamation point in his finger in the air. Yeah, and 142 00:08:32,960 --> 00:08:35,800 Speaker 1: we should probably we should probably differentiate like statically. There's 143 00:08:35,800 --> 00:08:38,240 Speaker 1: a couple of types of electricity. There's static electricity and 144 00:08:38,280 --> 00:08:42,840 Speaker 1: then there's current electricity, right, and current electricity is what 145 00:08:42,920 --> 00:08:47,840 Speaker 1: we are able to generate artificially. Static electricity exists in 146 00:08:47,960 --> 00:08:52,320 Speaker 1: nature just naturally, and that was the first experiments carried out. 147 00:08:52,480 --> 00:08:55,720 Speaker 1: Then there's other types of current electricity, like lightning. But 148 00:08:55,800 --> 00:08:58,440 Speaker 1: at this time when these people are messing with electric 149 00:08:58,679 --> 00:09:02,640 Speaker 1: or static electricity or um saying it's electric for the 150 00:09:02,720 --> 00:09:08,280 Speaker 1: first time, the concept of electricity was that it was fluid. Well, 151 00:09:08,400 --> 00:09:11,120 Speaker 1: it was fluid. He was on the right track, and 152 00:09:11,400 --> 00:09:14,760 Speaker 1: something is flowing. But they thought it was literally a 153 00:09:14,800 --> 00:09:18,360 Speaker 1: fluid which they called which in those days was called 154 00:09:18,360 --> 00:09:21,880 Speaker 1: a humor. And he said it leaves what he called then, 155 00:09:21,920 --> 00:09:26,920 Speaker 1: and uh, a flu the vm fluvium which is atmosphere 156 00:09:26,960 --> 00:09:30,000 Speaker 1: around it. When you create this rubbing action, it removes 157 00:09:30,000 --> 00:09:34,960 Speaker 1: that fluid. But it wasn't fluid. They were not dummies 158 00:09:35,000 --> 00:09:36,640 Speaker 1: back then, but they were just figuring it all out. 159 00:09:36,720 --> 00:09:39,120 Speaker 1: They weren't dummies because even Ben Franklin thought it was 160 00:09:39,120 --> 00:09:43,440 Speaker 1: a fluid. It was the prevailing idea concept of electricity. 161 00:09:43,840 --> 00:09:47,280 Speaker 1: UM and Ben Franklin and a couple of his contemporaries, 162 00:09:47,280 --> 00:09:52,680 Speaker 1: including a guy named Thomas Francois Dollabard, Um, we're studying 163 00:09:52,679 --> 00:09:56,480 Speaker 1: electricity big time. And it was when they really investigated 164 00:09:56,559 --> 00:10:03,920 Speaker 1: lightning that are understanding of current electricity started to take shape. Yeah, 165 00:10:03,960 --> 00:10:07,959 Speaker 1: the old story of Ben Franklin flying his kite may 166 00:10:08,080 --> 00:10:10,240 Speaker 1: or may not have happened. There are some people that 167 00:10:10,320 --> 00:10:13,680 Speaker 1: think that didn't happen. Now, But if if he didn't 168 00:10:13,720 --> 00:10:15,760 Speaker 1: do it, other people did. There were there were guys 169 00:10:15,800 --> 00:10:19,880 Speaker 1: who died carrying out that experiment. Yeah, but was definitely 170 00:10:19,920 --> 00:10:22,199 Speaker 1: carried out. I don't know if Ben Franklin did or not. Yeah, 171 00:10:22,280 --> 00:10:24,599 Speaker 1: that's that's sort of the story that he flew the 172 00:10:24,640 --> 00:10:28,280 Speaker 1: kite with the key, and some people think it either 173 00:10:28,280 --> 00:10:29,920 Speaker 1: didn't go down like that or didn't go down with 174 00:10:30,040 --> 00:10:32,960 Speaker 1: him at all. But it's a great story either way. Yeah, 175 00:10:33,000 --> 00:10:37,480 Speaker 1: and I think he at least proposed it that the experiment. Well, yeah, 176 00:10:37,520 --> 00:10:40,520 Speaker 1: and he was the first guy to say that electricity 177 00:10:40,520 --> 00:10:43,080 Speaker 1: has a positive and negative charge and that it flows 178 00:10:43,080 --> 00:10:46,480 Speaker 1: from positive to negative. He's a smart guy, very smart. 179 00:10:46,480 --> 00:10:51,880 Speaker 1: He's then there was another smart dude named Coulomb, Charles 180 00:10:51,880 --> 00:10:56,400 Speaker 1: Augustine de Coulomb, and he is the one that wrote 181 00:10:56,440 --> 00:11:00,199 Speaker 1: Coulomb's law, and he said charges light charges were l 182 00:11:00,679 --> 00:11:03,400 Speaker 1: opposite charges attract and that's kind of like the basis 183 00:11:03,440 --> 00:11:07,240 Speaker 1: for it all. Yeah, and the force of these charges 184 00:11:07,600 --> 00:11:10,800 Speaker 1: is proportional to the to their product. So if you 185 00:11:10,880 --> 00:11:14,199 Speaker 1: multiply the charges, they are going to be very strong 186 00:11:14,320 --> 00:11:17,040 Speaker 1: or cancel one another out or push one another away. Yeah. 187 00:11:17,040 --> 00:11:20,760 Speaker 1: He basically said, you can now calculate this because of 188 00:11:20,800 --> 00:11:23,920 Speaker 1: my handy dandy little law. Yeah, and with a boom, 189 00:11:23,920 --> 00:11:30,000 Speaker 1: he said boom, not bang. Okay, that came earlier. Later on, 190 00:11:30,160 --> 00:11:35,880 Speaker 1: a guy named J. J. Thompson said at a science conference, Hey, 191 00:11:36,280 --> 00:11:40,480 Speaker 1: I found something smaller than the atom. And everyone said, 192 00:11:41,040 --> 00:11:45,319 Speaker 1: silly man, adams are invisible. You can't it even means invisible, 193 00:11:45,720 --> 00:11:49,280 Speaker 1: you liar, And he said, no, I promise it's there's 194 00:11:49,280 --> 00:11:51,760 Speaker 1: something smaller. It's got a negative charge, and I'm gonna 195 00:11:51,760 --> 00:11:55,199 Speaker 1: call it a corpuscle. No he didn't. Yeah, it's Latin 196 00:11:55,280 --> 00:11:57,760 Speaker 1: for small bodies. And then I think, I don't know 197 00:11:57,800 --> 00:12:00,400 Speaker 1: who later said let's change it to electron. Yeah, it 198 00:12:00,440 --> 00:12:03,080 Speaker 1: sounds way cooler. But the discovery of the electron was 199 00:12:04,120 --> 00:12:08,439 Speaker 1: basically the birth of what we know as electricity today. 200 00:12:08,720 --> 00:12:11,079 Speaker 1: The understanding of the electron is what it's all about. 201 00:12:11,280 --> 00:12:17,760 Speaker 1: And would you say, like so before that time, I 202 00:12:17,800 --> 00:12:20,760 Speaker 1: guess he didn't understand the electron, but he understood electricity. 203 00:12:21,080 --> 00:12:25,600 Speaker 1: A guy named Michael Faraday was working on the case. Yeah, 204 00:12:25,720 --> 00:12:30,480 Speaker 1: basically everybody's like Ben Franklin electricity hand in hand. Really, 205 00:12:30,520 --> 00:12:35,080 Speaker 1: it's Michael Faraday, who's British um who really came to 206 00:12:35,160 --> 00:12:40,000 Speaker 1: lay the foundation for electrifying the world. He just he 207 00:12:40,040 --> 00:12:43,360 Speaker 1: created the first dynamo, which is a generator UM which 208 00:12:43,360 --> 00:12:47,360 Speaker 1: we'll talk about he um first electric motor. Yeah, he 209 00:12:47,480 --> 00:12:52,280 Speaker 1: just he got electricity and he explained it to other 210 00:12:52,320 --> 00:12:55,240 Speaker 1: people very well. Can you even fathom how smart these 211 00:12:55,800 --> 00:12:58,880 Speaker 1: people were to be that in the dark and figuring 212 00:12:58,960 --> 00:13:03,600 Speaker 1: all this sub tomic stuff out back then? Hats off, top, 213 00:13:03,640 --> 00:13:06,000 Speaker 1: Hats off to these guys, last chance garage at off 214 00:13:06,640 --> 00:13:09,600 Speaker 1: and back on. Like I I have trouble understanding it 215 00:13:09,679 --> 00:13:13,920 Speaker 1: now when it's explained through like Kids for Science website. 216 00:13:14,080 --> 00:13:16,319 Speaker 1: You know, I'm not inventing this figuring this stuff out 217 00:13:16,320 --> 00:13:19,040 Speaker 1: with the first time exactly. And it's a pretty dangerous 218 00:13:19,080 --> 00:13:22,120 Speaker 1: field to try to figure out blind to you know. Yeah, 219 00:13:22,160 --> 00:13:24,679 Speaker 1: I mean more than one scientist got a shock from 220 00:13:24,679 --> 00:13:27,400 Speaker 1: a laden jar. Oh yeah, and you can make those? 221 00:13:27,440 --> 00:13:29,720 Speaker 1: You do you make those in science class? Yeah? You 222 00:13:29,760 --> 00:13:32,120 Speaker 1: can make well, it's it's we should say a laden 223 00:13:32,200 --> 00:13:35,400 Speaker 1: jar is a very primitive capacitor. Use a metal rod 224 00:13:35,600 --> 00:13:38,640 Speaker 1: in a jar and nail that's sunk into like some water, 225 00:13:39,040 --> 00:13:42,240 Speaker 1: and it can store a charge. And I think Ben 226 00:13:42,280 --> 00:13:45,760 Speaker 1: Franklin's kite experiment attached the kite to or a rod 227 00:13:45,880 --> 00:13:49,640 Speaker 1: or something to a laden jar to store the charge too, 228 00:13:50,080 --> 00:13:54,040 Speaker 1: if that happened, right, But again, he did make the proposal, 229 00:13:54,080 --> 00:13:55,640 Speaker 1: it's whether or not he carried it out. Is it 230 00:13:56,640 --> 00:13:59,040 Speaker 1: all right? I guess Now we can get the atoms finally. 231 00:13:59,760 --> 00:14:03,080 Speaker 1: At Ms are very tiny and they make up molecules, 232 00:14:03,120 --> 00:14:06,240 Speaker 1: and molecules make up everything you see. Yeah, atoms are 233 00:14:06,280 --> 00:14:11,559 Speaker 1: the building block of matter, um and and atom. Remember 234 00:14:11,559 --> 00:14:18,840 Speaker 1: we're always talking about nature loves homeostasis, does it? Um, 235 00:14:19,080 --> 00:14:22,880 Speaker 1: you've got a balance that nature always seeks tries to 236 00:14:22,920 --> 00:14:26,280 Speaker 1: achieve it. Same with atoms or atoms are no exception. 237 00:14:26,320 --> 00:14:29,800 Speaker 1: I should say within an atom, you have nucleus which 238 00:14:29,840 --> 00:14:33,760 Speaker 1: is made up of protons and neutrons. Protons are positively 239 00:14:33,880 --> 00:14:38,440 Speaker 1: charged particles, neutrons are neutral. And then orbiting that nucleus 240 00:14:39,360 --> 00:14:44,800 Speaker 1: making the cool atom symbol are electrons and they're negatively charged. 241 00:14:45,520 --> 00:14:51,600 Speaker 1: And when you have an equal number of protons two electrons, 242 00:14:52,280 --> 00:14:56,480 Speaker 1: you have a neutral atom. There's no potential energy there. 243 00:14:56,560 --> 00:14:59,960 Speaker 1: It's just in balance. And uh, a lot of stuf 244 00:15:00,000 --> 00:15:02,760 Speaker 1: off is like that. A lot of stuff isn't balanced, 245 00:15:03,360 --> 00:15:06,680 Speaker 1: some stuff is not well. Some stuff falls out of 246 00:15:06,720 --> 00:15:11,360 Speaker 1: balance easier than other stuff. Well. Yeah, the electrons sometimes 247 00:15:11,440 --> 00:15:13,960 Speaker 1: they're super tightly bound to the atom and they don't 248 00:15:13,960 --> 00:15:16,360 Speaker 1: want to leave the house and they want to stick around. 249 00:15:16,840 --> 00:15:22,600 Speaker 1: Sometimes they're they're crazy teenagers and the slightest energy and 250 00:15:22,680 --> 00:15:25,800 Speaker 1: movement makes them jump off from the atom and just 251 00:15:25,840 --> 00:15:31,400 Speaker 1: say I want to go attach myself to something else. Yeah, yeah, yeah, 252 00:15:31,440 --> 00:15:34,320 Speaker 1: And it depends on the material. And those types of 253 00:15:34,360 --> 00:15:39,840 Speaker 1: material that have either tightly connected or loosely connected atoms 254 00:15:39,880 --> 00:15:44,800 Speaker 1: either um end up conducting electricity very well or don't 255 00:15:44,800 --> 00:15:48,000 Speaker 1: conduct electricity very well, so they act as either electrical 256 00:15:48,000 --> 00:15:51,800 Speaker 1: conductors or electrical insulators. Yeah. Like if you pick up 257 00:15:51,840 --> 00:15:55,480 Speaker 1: a stick off the ground, it's electrons like stay close 258 00:15:55,520 --> 00:15:58,120 Speaker 1: to home, so it's not gonna conduct electricity. If you 259 00:15:58,160 --> 00:16:02,080 Speaker 1: pick up a metal rod, as electrons are crazy loose 260 00:16:02,400 --> 00:16:04,640 Speaker 1: and they like to go off and do those things 261 00:16:04,640 --> 00:16:08,840 Speaker 1: that teenage electrons do, and therefore it does collect conduct 262 00:16:08,920 --> 00:16:12,520 Speaker 1: electricity right very well under normal circumstances. When you pick 263 00:16:12,600 --> 00:16:15,200 Speaker 1: up that rod, or you pick up that stick. The 264 00:16:15,240 --> 00:16:18,880 Speaker 1: electrons are staying put no matter what. But we figured 265 00:16:18,880 --> 00:16:21,840 Speaker 1: out along the way, thanks to the work of all 266 00:16:21,840 --> 00:16:24,960 Speaker 1: of the people, from the Greeks to Faraday, to Ben 267 00:16:25,000 --> 00:16:30,160 Speaker 1: Franklin to your guy with the core puscle idea. Um 268 00:16:30,360 --> 00:16:33,320 Speaker 1: J J. Was his name, j J J J. Corp puscle. 269 00:16:34,880 --> 00:16:37,000 Speaker 1: I think it was Thompson. So thanks to the work 270 00:16:37,040 --> 00:16:39,480 Speaker 1: of all of these people, we figured out how to 271 00:16:39,680 --> 00:16:46,160 Speaker 1: knock electrons loose. And it's ingenious and simple, but it's 272 00:16:46,200 --> 00:16:50,760 Speaker 1: also very complex, and it involves the relationship between magnetism 273 00:16:51,000 --> 00:16:56,640 Speaker 1: and electricity, and we'll talk about that right after this message. 274 00:16:57,800 --> 00:17:01,240 Speaker 1: So Chuck, Yes, we're talking about knocking electronsluice, which is 275 00:17:01,320 --> 00:17:05,879 Speaker 1: ultimately the basis of producing electricity. Yeah, like when you 276 00:17:05,920 --> 00:17:07,680 Speaker 1: were a kid in elementary school, you probably did a 277 00:17:07,680 --> 00:17:10,920 Speaker 1: little balloon trick where you make static electricity and make 278 00:17:10,920 --> 00:17:13,479 Speaker 1: the balloon stick to your sweater. All you're doing, you're 279 00:17:13,520 --> 00:17:16,320 Speaker 1: rubbing that balloon on your sweater, and electrons are jumping 280 00:17:16,359 --> 00:17:20,080 Speaker 1: from that balloon onto your sweater. And now there are 281 00:17:20,080 --> 00:17:24,760 Speaker 1: two different charges going on. Because you're overcharged, the balloon 282 00:17:24,840 --> 00:17:29,080 Speaker 1: is now under charged, and because opposite charges attract it 283 00:17:29,160 --> 00:17:31,919 Speaker 1: sticks to your sweater, right, And that's static electricity, and 284 00:17:32,200 --> 00:17:35,160 Speaker 1: static you know, you have static and dynamic, and dynamic 285 00:17:35,160 --> 00:17:40,320 Speaker 1: indicates motion. Static indicates staying still um and they use 286 00:17:40,400 --> 00:17:44,040 Speaker 1: that to describe this type of electricity because the electrons 287 00:17:44,080 --> 00:17:46,879 Speaker 1: don't flow, they just sit there and wait for a connection. 288 00:17:47,480 --> 00:17:50,800 Speaker 1: Like when you touch something that's charged, like a door 289 00:17:50,880 --> 00:17:55,040 Speaker 1: knob after you've shuffled with your feet in socks over carpet. 290 00:17:55,640 --> 00:17:58,600 Speaker 1: When you touch that door knob, you're forming that connection, 291 00:17:58,680 --> 00:18:00,960 Speaker 1: and all of a sudden, the balance is achieved once more, 292 00:18:01,200 --> 00:18:04,080 Speaker 1: and the electrons flow like you're literally a conductor of 293 00:18:04,119 --> 00:18:08,240 Speaker 1: electricity in that moment. Right, So with current electricity, those 294 00:18:08,280 --> 00:18:12,480 Speaker 1: electrons move, they move along a conductive material, say like 295 00:18:12,560 --> 00:18:15,159 Speaker 1: copper y or something like that. That's a hot one. Right. 296 00:18:15,440 --> 00:18:20,760 Speaker 1: So let's talk about how you produce an electrical current, right, Okay, 297 00:18:20,920 --> 00:18:23,480 Speaker 1: but let's talk about generators and turbines and all that 298 00:18:23,520 --> 00:18:26,199 Speaker 1: awesome stuff. It sounds like you need to generate that 299 00:18:26,280 --> 00:18:30,800 Speaker 1: electricity what they generate toor right, I think that's what 300 00:18:31,040 --> 00:18:34,040 Speaker 1: generators are called. That why they're called that. Yeah, it's 301 00:18:34,040 --> 00:18:36,800 Speaker 1: funny just how basic some of these things are. Like 302 00:18:36,840 --> 00:18:39,600 Speaker 1: you say, a compute our right, But but you just 303 00:18:39,800 --> 00:18:41,280 Speaker 1: you've heard it so many times you take it for 304 00:18:41,320 --> 00:18:43,639 Speaker 1: granted it loses its meeting. It's like looking at a 305 00:18:43,680 --> 00:18:47,200 Speaker 1: word too frequently. Yeah, I think I think a lot 306 00:18:47,240 --> 00:18:52,399 Speaker 1: of these words are like that, like a generator, or 307 00:18:52,520 --> 00:18:57,840 Speaker 1: a core pustle, or a what's it called when he 308 00:18:57,880 --> 00:19:00,320 Speaker 1: stopped on the electricity, which we'll get to trans former? 309 00:19:00,600 --> 00:19:03,240 Speaker 1: It transforms something. But you say them so much, you're like, 310 00:19:03,240 --> 00:19:06,920 Speaker 1: what's the transformer? Do you know? Anyway? I've been reading 311 00:19:06,920 --> 00:19:12,880 Speaker 1: too much science for dummy something. Alright, So generators, Um, well, 312 00:19:12,920 --> 00:19:15,879 Speaker 1: I guess it all comes down to magnetism. Yes, in 313 00:19:15,920 --> 00:19:18,720 Speaker 1: the case of generators. And if you want to listen 314 00:19:18,720 --> 00:19:23,480 Speaker 1: to two shows Lightning and Magnetism before this one, it 315 00:19:23,560 --> 00:19:25,760 Speaker 1: might help you understand electricity a little bit more, right, 316 00:19:25,960 --> 00:19:28,200 Speaker 1: So just go listen to those. Do that right now 317 00:19:28,840 --> 00:19:33,040 Speaker 1: two hours. So, Um, what what I think fair Day 318 00:19:33,160 --> 00:19:37,760 Speaker 1: figured out was that because of this relationship between um, 319 00:19:37,800 --> 00:19:42,159 Speaker 1: a magnet and electricity, you can take a magnet and 320 00:19:42,200 --> 00:19:47,960 Speaker 1: you can move electrons in a say, conductive material. You 321 00:19:47,960 --> 00:19:51,360 Speaker 1: can knock the electrons loose basically using a magnet. Yeah, 322 00:19:51,400 --> 00:19:53,560 Speaker 1: it's like what happens when you attract a paper clip 323 00:19:53,600 --> 00:19:56,720 Speaker 1: to a magnet. It's just the transfer of electrons jumping around. 324 00:19:56,760 --> 00:20:00,480 Speaker 1: And you create a flow by flipping the polarity. And 325 00:20:00,600 --> 00:20:05,400 Speaker 1: you can do this by rotating metal right, say, like 326 00:20:05,440 --> 00:20:09,479 Speaker 1: a coiled copper within the two poles of a large magnet. 327 00:20:09,920 --> 00:20:12,639 Speaker 1: And when you do this, you're reversing polarity all of 328 00:20:12,680 --> 00:20:17,560 Speaker 1: a sudden, and you are knocking the electrons loose in 329 00:20:17,640 --> 00:20:22,119 Speaker 1: those coils. Um. And the way that you spin the 330 00:20:22,160 --> 00:20:28,120 Speaker 1: coils very quickly is by hooking the coils to say 331 00:20:28,200 --> 00:20:32,040 Speaker 1: a shaft. We kind of did this backwards. Let's start 332 00:20:32,040 --> 00:20:34,760 Speaker 1: at the beginning you want to, Okay, let's go to 333 00:20:34,880 --> 00:20:43,119 Speaker 1: Niagara Falls. Okay, back in eighteen George Westinghouse, who is 334 00:20:43,200 --> 00:20:46,160 Speaker 1: Nicola Tesla's boss, Which, by the way, if you want 335 00:20:46,160 --> 00:20:49,480 Speaker 1: to listen to another really good podcast, um, go listen 336 00:20:49,480 --> 00:20:52,280 Speaker 1: to that one, Nicola Tesla one. Remember it was all 337 00:20:52,320 --> 00:20:54,680 Speaker 1: about the A C. D C War between Tesla and 338 00:20:54,880 --> 00:21:01,480 Speaker 1: Edison episode animals. Yeah, it's pretty awful, jerk um. But 339 00:21:02,080 --> 00:21:06,480 Speaker 1: in eight George Westinghouse set up a hydroelectric power plant 340 00:21:06,840 --> 00:21:10,520 Speaker 1: along the Niagara Falls. And what he did was he 341 00:21:10,640 --> 00:21:14,440 Speaker 1: had a means of taking the movement of water, which 342 00:21:14,480 --> 00:21:17,040 Speaker 1: is kinetic energy. The water at the top of the 343 00:21:17,200 --> 00:21:19,960 Speaker 1: falls has potential energy, and then once it falls over, 344 00:21:20,240 --> 00:21:24,199 Speaker 1: that potential turns to kinetic energy. Well, Westinghouse set up 345 00:21:24,200 --> 00:21:27,560 Speaker 1: a turbine to catch this movement of water, right, which 346 00:21:27,600 --> 00:21:33,400 Speaker 1: is actual energy, and have that movement spin a turbine, 347 00:21:33,440 --> 00:21:36,560 Speaker 1: a propeller, a fan. Yeah, it's the same concept as 348 00:21:36,680 --> 00:21:40,320 Speaker 1: an old gristmill, except it's not creating energy. It's just 349 00:21:40,480 --> 00:21:44,000 Speaker 1: moving the stones that grind the wheat or corn, right 350 00:21:44,000 --> 00:21:47,119 Speaker 1: the gristmill is in this case it's it's capturing that 351 00:21:47,280 --> 00:21:50,760 Speaker 1: energy by or it's transferring it, we should say, by 352 00:21:50,920 --> 00:21:54,040 Speaker 1: converting that kinetic energy from the water into mechanical energy 353 00:21:54,080 --> 00:21:58,040 Speaker 1: spinning the the turbine. The turbine is connected to that 354 00:21:58,119 --> 00:22:00,239 Speaker 1: shaft I was talking about where we say, and they 355 00:22:00,320 --> 00:22:03,280 Speaker 1: changed course. And at the end of that shaft, which 356 00:22:03,320 --> 00:22:05,560 Speaker 1: is now spinning thanks to the turbine, thanks to the 357 00:22:05,600 --> 00:22:08,879 Speaker 1: movement of the water, is some coiled copper and that 358 00:22:08,960 --> 00:22:12,840 Speaker 1: coiled copper is spinning within those two magnets. That's the key, right, 359 00:22:12,880 --> 00:22:15,480 Speaker 1: And because of that the electrons are being knocked loose. 360 00:22:15,640 --> 00:22:18,200 Speaker 1: You have a power line leading from the coiled copper 361 00:22:18,600 --> 00:22:22,639 Speaker 1: out and all of a sudden, you have an electric current. Yeah. 362 00:22:22,720 --> 00:22:25,320 Speaker 1: And um, if you've ever been to the Hoover Dam 363 00:22:25,400 --> 00:22:28,280 Speaker 1: or something, you don't have to have a waterfall or 364 00:22:28,320 --> 00:22:30,520 Speaker 1: a river to make this thing work, if you That's 365 00:22:30,520 --> 00:22:33,080 Speaker 1: why they build dams. You stop up the water and 366 00:22:33,080 --> 00:22:35,720 Speaker 1: then at the base of the dam you have the 367 00:22:35,760 --> 00:22:38,520 Speaker 1: means to release that water and then it becomes that 368 00:22:38,560 --> 00:22:42,120 Speaker 1: flowing water. Right. And then also for thermal power plants, 369 00:22:42,440 --> 00:22:45,480 Speaker 1: they use nuclear power to create a nuclear reaction to 370 00:22:45,520 --> 00:22:49,840 Speaker 1: produce heat, or they burn coal to produce heat, and 371 00:22:49,840 --> 00:22:52,480 Speaker 1: then they use that heat the heat water, and then 372 00:22:52,480 --> 00:22:54,760 Speaker 1: they use that water to create steam, and then that 373 00:22:54,920 --> 00:22:59,440 Speaker 1: steam turns a turbine. And these are all just different methods, 374 00:23:00,000 --> 00:23:04,399 Speaker 1: whether it's solar or steam or new nuclear. Almost said it, 375 00:23:05,320 --> 00:23:07,720 Speaker 1: which is weird because I definitely don't say it that way. Well, 376 00:23:07,760 --> 00:23:10,040 Speaker 1: you you're very excited. I think I said enough as 377 00:23:10,040 --> 00:23:13,639 Speaker 1: a joke, right that it slips in. But anyway, all 378 00:23:13,680 --> 00:23:17,159 Speaker 1: those are just means to turn that turbine, right, And 379 00:23:17,320 --> 00:23:21,040 Speaker 1: all it is is you're using that stored energy or 380 00:23:21,080 --> 00:23:25,600 Speaker 1: that kinetic energy like over here to create electricity so 381 00:23:25,680 --> 00:23:28,639 Speaker 1: that you can transfer it into work down the line. 382 00:23:29,080 --> 00:23:33,000 Speaker 1: That's right. It's so cool. Yeah, And this article. We 383 00:23:33,080 --> 00:23:35,280 Speaker 1: used a few different articles for this one, like we said, 384 00:23:35,280 --> 00:23:38,800 Speaker 1: including some science for kids websites, which by the way, 385 00:23:38,840 --> 00:23:41,959 Speaker 1: I highly recommend if you don't get something. Yeah, it's 386 00:23:42,000 --> 00:23:44,800 Speaker 1: a great place to go visit or these kids websites 387 00:23:44,800 --> 00:23:47,040 Speaker 1: because they break it down like super simply because kids 388 00:23:47,080 --> 00:23:53,040 Speaker 1: are dumb. But in our article, it uh, it describes 389 00:23:53,040 --> 00:23:55,320 Speaker 1: a generator UM as if it was a water and 390 00:23:55,320 --> 00:23:58,360 Speaker 1: a pump, which made a lot of sense to me. UM. 391 00:23:58,400 --> 00:24:03,160 Speaker 1: The generator is the pump, but instead of pushing water 392 00:24:03,200 --> 00:24:09,240 Speaker 1: through a pipe, it's pushing electrons down a line power line, 393 00:24:09,400 --> 00:24:13,080 Speaker 1: and that whole like using water as an analogy UM 394 00:24:13,720 --> 00:24:17,160 Speaker 1: for electricity fits very well. Yeah, but you need something 395 00:24:17,200 --> 00:24:20,080 Speaker 1: to push it. It's not it's not a self pusher, 396 00:24:20,880 --> 00:24:24,040 Speaker 1: so you need that force, and that force is voltage. Yeah, 397 00:24:24,080 --> 00:24:27,160 Speaker 1: it's electromotive force. It's the same with water, like UM, 398 00:24:27,440 --> 00:24:31,120 Speaker 1: you have water pressure that forces the water down the line, right, 399 00:24:31,480 --> 00:24:35,480 Speaker 1: And with electricity you have a force that moves electricity 400 00:24:35,480 --> 00:24:38,959 Speaker 1: and its voltage, like you said, measured in volts, and 401 00:24:39,040 --> 00:24:43,720 Speaker 1: the electrical current UM is measured in amps, and the 402 00:24:43,760 --> 00:24:47,200 Speaker 1: amps represent the total number of electrons flowing through any 403 00:24:47,240 --> 00:24:51,000 Speaker 1: one point of a circuit in any every second, and 404 00:24:51,040 --> 00:24:53,640 Speaker 1: there's a lot of them. And if you have voltage 405 00:24:53,760 --> 00:24:58,080 Speaker 1: and you add that to current, which is amps, you 406 00:24:58,119 --> 00:25:02,320 Speaker 1: get power, which is what's right, And I think it's 407 00:25:02,400 --> 00:25:07,800 Speaker 1: multiplied by it. Oh really, yeah it is. Okay, I 408 00:25:07,840 --> 00:25:09,840 Speaker 1: wasn't even thinking of it as a math formula, but 409 00:25:09,880 --> 00:25:11,560 Speaker 1: it is. It is a math formula. And the reason 410 00:25:11,600 --> 00:25:14,240 Speaker 1: why it's a math formula is because they're related. Like 411 00:25:14,359 --> 00:25:17,560 Speaker 1: you can flip flop them, you can adjust them. Um. 412 00:25:17,640 --> 00:25:23,399 Speaker 1: And that's the whole basis of industrial power transmission, that 413 00:25:23,440 --> 00:25:26,480 Speaker 1: which will get to later. Yeah, And I know it 414 00:25:26,520 --> 00:25:29,320 Speaker 1: sounds a little confusing with the volts, amps and watts, 415 00:25:29,320 --> 00:25:31,960 Speaker 1: but they are all different. Like if you said, you 416 00:25:32,000 --> 00:25:34,080 Speaker 1: know that guy was shocked and he had a hundred 417 00:25:34,280 --> 00:25:37,320 Speaker 1: and twenty volts uh coursing through his body, that's not 418 00:25:37,359 --> 00:25:40,679 Speaker 1: true at all, um, because the vault is the force 419 00:25:41,160 --> 00:25:44,000 Speaker 1: and he's got he's got amps coursing through his body. 420 00:25:44,280 --> 00:25:46,000 Speaker 1: But you'd be a huge geek to point it out 421 00:25:46,040 --> 00:25:49,479 Speaker 1: to someone. Someone said that, And a good rule of 422 00:25:49,520 --> 00:25:52,679 Speaker 1: them is the higher the vaults, the more dangerous the shock, 423 00:25:53,760 --> 00:25:57,600 Speaker 1: which is why in America, UM most outlets and homes 424 00:25:57,600 --> 00:26:01,199 Speaker 1: are two are a hundred and twenty volt where if 425 00:26:01,240 --> 00:26:04,400 Speaker 1: you touch it, you're gonna feel it, but it's probably 426 00:26:04,400 --> 00:26:06,399 Speaker 1: not going to kill you. In the United States is 427 00:26:06,480 --> 00:26:08,880 Speaker 1: one twenty, But it's different in other countries, right, which 428 00:26:08,880 --> 00:26:12,000 Speaker 1: is why like European appliance can be plugged into an 429 00:26:12,000 --> 00:26:18,480 Speaker 1: American appliance because you got to get those adapters. Yeah. So, UM, 430 00:26:18,720 --> 00:26:22,560 Speaker 1: you were talking about current, which is the number of 431 00:26:22,600 --> 00:26:28,120 Speaker 1: electron flowing through a circuit. You have UM the volts, 432 00:26:28,280 --> 00:26:31,520 Speaker 1: which is the force or pressure that's pushing them down 433 00:26:31,600 --> 00:26:36,080 Speaker 1: the line, and then you have UM those two multiplied 434 00:26:36,080 --> 00:26:39,119 Speaker 1: by one another to create watts, which is power. You 435 00:26:39,200 --> 00:26:45,840 Speaker 1: also there's one there's another um factor to electrical currents UM, 436 00:26:45,880 --> 00:26:48,359 Speaker 1: and that is resistance. Oh yeah, we didn't talk about that, 437 00:26:49,160 --> 00:26:52,119 Speaker 1: so we acted like it was all either an insulator 438 00:26:52,200 --> 00:26:54,800 Speaker 1: or conductor. But you can be a resistor. Well, I 439 00:26:54,800 --> 00:26:58,040 Speaker 1: mean everything, everything has a certain level of resistance. Yeah, 440 00:26:58,040 --> 00:27:00,600 Speaker 1: but if you're an official resistor, that means current moves, 441 00:27:00,640 --> 00:27:03,000 Speaker 1: it just doesn't move like as fast as it might 442 00:27:03,000 --> 00:27:06,480 Speaker 1: in metal, or not at all in wood. Yeah, or 443 00:27:07,000 --> 00:27:12,000 Speaker 1: glass is another good resistor insulator UM, and so so 444 00:27:12,000 --> 00:27:16,480 Speaker 1: so is rubber. But even something is like conductive is 445 00:27:16,560 --> 00:27:20,560 Speaker 1: copper wire has a certain amount of resistance. And again 446 00:27:20,600 --> 00:27:23,840 Speaker 1: that water flowing analogy comes into place like if you 447 00:27:24,240 --> 00:27:27,280 Speaker 1: pump like some water really really hard to try to 448 00:27:27,320 --> 00:27:29,520 Speaker 1: get a lot of water through a very small pipe, 449 00:27:30,040 --> 00:27:32,960 Speaker 1: it's still not going to come out very high, very 450 00:27:33,000 --> 00:27:37,160 Speaker 1: fast because you're trying to force too much water through 451 00:27:37,240 --> 00:27:41,760 Speaker 1: that that little pipe. So in the exact same way 452 00:27:42,119 --> 00:27:44,760 Speaker 1: a thin wire where you're trying to push a lot 453 00:27:44,840 --> 00:27:48,360 Speaker 1: of amps through and a lot of bolts through, Uh, 454 00:27:48,400 --> 00:27:51,399 Speaker 1: it's going to resist. And when you when you have 455 00:27:51,520 --> 00:27:55,359 Speaker 1: resistance in an electrical circuit, you have UM what you 456 00:27:55,600 --> 00:27:58,080 Speaker 1: lose some of those electrons that are flowing in the 457 00:27:58,080 --> 00:28:01,320 Speaker 1: form of heat, which is produced by electrons bumping up 458 00:28:01,359 --> 00:28:05,280 Speaker 1: against other atoms that aren't sharing their their electrons UM. 459 00:28:05,480 --> 00:28:09,480 Speaker 1: And that's the result of friction and resistance is measured 460 00:28:09,480 --> 00:28:15,200 Speaker 1: in Ohm's h M. Should we talk about circuits, Yeah, 461 00:28:15,200 --> 00:28:17,600 Speaker 1: we were there. I think so all this is well 462 00:28:17,640 --> 00:28:21,439 Speaker 1: and good. That's uh. You know, you can supply power 463 00:28:21,480 --> 00:28:23,600 Speaker 1: and we'll talk about this more in detail to two 464 00:28:23,840 --> 00:28:27,320 Speaker 1: homes from a power plant, UM. But you can also 465 00:28:27,560 --> 00:28:33,480 Speaker 1: have a little battery supplying that electrical energy to a iPhone, 466 00:28:33,600 --> 00:28:36,800 Speaker 1: let's say. And in that case, you need something called 467 00:28:36,800 --> 00:28:41,120 Speaker 1: a circuit, which is basically just a closed loop that 468 00:28:41,200 --> 00:28:45,560 Speaker 1: allows the electrons to travel. And in most electronics it's 469 00:28:45,600 --> 00:28:48,640 Speaker 1: like like you said, like copper wire maybe, and it 470 00:28:48,720 --> 00:28:51,840 Speaker 1: travels from you know, there's a switch that turns it 471 00:28:51,880 --> 00:28:54,640 Speaker 1: on and off um, which is why a circuit is 472 00:28:54,640 --> 00:28:56,840 Speaker 1: called a circuit breaker. Like if you break that circuit 473 00:28:57,160 --> 00:28:59,120 Speaker 1: by turning and switch off, or if the wire like 474 00:28:59,480 --> 00:29:02,840 Speaker 1: snaps or something, it's gonna no more electrons are gonna 475 00:29:02,840 --> 00:29:07,160 Speaker 1: be flowing, right, because there's the and the reason they're 476 00:29:07,160 --> 00:29:09,920 Speaker 1: not gonna be flowing any longer is because the positive 477 00:29:10,000 --> 00:29:12,760 Speaker 1: pole and the negative poll from that circuit are no 478 00:29:12,840 --> 00:29:17,120 Speaker 1: longer connected. Another way to look at voltage is that 479 00:29:17,280 --> 00:29:21,480 Speaker 1: it is the difference between uh electrons on one side 480 00:29:21,480 --> 00:29:24,440 Speaker 1: and electrons on another side of a circuit. And remember 481 00:29:24,480 --> 00:29:29,040 Speaker 1: we talked about nature always wanting balance. Electrons flow from 482 00:29:29,440 --> 00:29:35,280 Speaker 1: negative to positive rights, and as they flow, the reason 483 00:29:35,320 --> 00:29:37,880 Speaker 1: they're flowing. The whole reason they're moving at all is 484 00:29:37,960 --> 00:29:41,120 Speaker 1: because there are not as many electrons on the positive 485 00:29:41,160 --> 00:29:44,320 Speaker 1: side as there are on the negative side, so they 486 00:29:44,320 --> 00:29:46,840 Speaker 1: want to leave the negative side to go achieve balance 487 00:29:46,880 --> 00:29:50,040 Speaker 1: on the positive side and ultimately make whatever circuit it's 488 00:29:50,080 --> 00:29:55,000 Speaker 1: traveling neutral. You stick something in that circuit and as 489 00:29:55,000 --> 00:29:57,840 Speaker 1: as electrons are moving from the negative side to the 490 00:29:57,840 --> 00:30:01,480 Speaker 1: positive side. Because again electricity is just the flow of electrons, 491 00:30:02,320 --> 00:30:07,760 Speaker 1: you can convert that movement into productive work. Yeah, mechanical energy, right, 492 00:30:07,760 --> 00:30:11,200 Speaker 1: And anything you attach onto a circuit to exploit that 493 00:30:11,240 --> 00:30:14,720 Speaker 1: flow of electrons for work is called the load. Yeah. 494 00:30:14,760 --> 00:30:18,400 Speaker 1: It could be a lightbulb or you know whatever. Whatever 495 00:30:18,440 --> 00:30:21,400 Speaker 1: mechanical energy you're trying to create is your load. And 496 00:30:21,440 --> 00:30:24,840 Speaker 1: there's all sorts of things you can do by attaching 497 00:30:24,840 --> 00:30:27,680 Speaker 1: a load to a circuit, like a light bulb. UM. 498 00:30:27,720 --> 00:30:32,440 Speaker 1: A light bulb basically uses uh that electricity flow to 499 00:30:32,960 --> 00:30:38,680 Speaker 1: um flow into a resistant filament very thin wire that 500 00:30:38,760 --> 00:30:43,000 Speaker 1: purposely resists that flow of electricity, generating heat and then 501 00:30:43,040 --> 00:30:45,200 Speaker 1: turn heating up to produce light. That's how a light 502 00:30:45,240 --> 00:30:49,640 Speaker 1: bulb works. You can also recharge batteries, which go in 503 00:30:49,800 --> 00:30:53,959 Speaker 1: and force electrons back into the negative position so that 504 00:30:54,000 --> 00:30:56,840 Speaker 1: the batteries recharge and those electrons are ready to flow 505 00:30:56,880 --> 00:31:00,320 Speaker 1: again once you connect the circuit. UM. There is also 506 00:31:00,360 --> 00:31:03,600 Speaker 1: appliances that use resistors to produce heat, like a hair 507 00:31:03,720 --> 00:31:07,440 Speaker 1: dryer or a toaster. There's all sorts of stuff you 508 00:31:07,440 --> 00:31:10,920 Speaker 1: you can do to connect into the circuit, but it's 509 00:31:10,920 --> 00:31:14,040 Speaker 1: all the same whether it's a battery or a toaster 510 00:31:14,720 --> 00:31:16,959 Speaker 1: or a whole house, if you want to look at 511 00:31:16,960 --> 00:31:20,280 Speaker 1: it that way, it's you're plugging a load onto an 512 00:31:20,360 --> 00:31:24,120 Speaker 1: electrical circuit and exploiting the flow of electrons. Yeah, and 513 00:31:24,160 --> 00:31:26,000 Speaker 1: I kind of misspoke a minute ago when I said 514 00:31:26,120 --> 00:31:28,800 Speaker 1: it's creating the mechanical energy. You need a motor to 515 00:31:28,840 --> 00:31:31,800 Speaker 1: actually do that. So if you have an electric drill, 516 00:31:32,640 --> 00:31:34,760 Speaker 1: that's great that you have electrons flowing, but it's not 517 00:31:34,840 --> 00:31:37,479 Speaker 1: going to turn anything unless you have that motor. And 518 00:31:37,840 --> 00:31:41,320 Speaker 1: electric motor is basically just a cylinder, uh, stuffed with 519 00:31:41,360 --> 00:31:44,240 Speaker 1: magnets around the edge. And if you've ever used an 520 00:31:44,280 --> 00:31:46,520 Speaker 1: electric drill and you fire it up, when you look 521 00:31:46,560 --> 00:31:48,840 Speaker 1: and seeing the vents, you can actually see sparks. It's 522 00:31:48,840 --> 00:31:50,960 Speaker 1: pretty cool. It's very cool. It's like those little guns 523 00:31:50,960 --> 00:31:53,320 Speaker 1: you used to get at the circus when you're yeah, god, 524 00:31:53,360 --> 00:31:56,240 Speaker 1: I love those. Um. So it's packed with those magnets 525 00:31:56,280 --> 00:31:58,440 Speaker 1: around the edge, and in the middle you've got your core, 526 00:31:58,920 --> 00:32:03,720 Speaker 1: which is, you know, like an iron wire and uh, 527 00:32:04,000 --> 00:32:07,720 Speaker 1: it's wrapped around you know, the coppers wrapped around the edges. 528 00:32:08,400 --> 00:32:12,760 Speaker 1: So electricity flows to that core, creates magnetism, and then 529 00:32:12,800 --> 00:32:16,400 Speaker 1: that pushes against the outer cylinder and makes that motor 530 00:32:16,440 --> 00:32:19,239 Speaker 1: spin around. And then that's where you get your mechanical energy, right, 531 00:32:19,400 --> 00:32:23,520 Speaker 1: and uh, an electric motor is probably the best example 532 00:32:23,560 --> 00:32:27,480 Speaker 1: of how you're converting um energy from one form to 533 00:32:27,600 --> 00:32:31,320 Speaker 1: another and then reconverting it because an electric motor is 534 00:32:31,360 --> 00:32:34,719 Speaker 1: basically a generator in reverse. Yeah, And so you use 535 00:32:34,800 --> 00:32:37,720 Speaker 1: that mechanical energy the spinning of the turbine down the line, 536 00:32:38,200 --> 00:32:41,720 Speaker 1: and convert it in your electric drill back into mechanical 537 00:32:41,840 --> 00:32:44,960 Speaker 1: energy to spin spin the drill. And in between is 538 00:32:45,000 --> 00:32:48,280 Speaker 1: that flow of electrons that's causing the whole thing, or 539 00:32:48,280 --> 00:32:50,400 Speaker 1: that's carrying that energy from point A to point b 540 00:32:50,720 --> 00:32:54,680 Speaker 1: core puscles. There's one other there's one other thing. Um 541 00:32:54,720 --> 00:32:57,040 Speaker 1: if you look at a plug that you're plugging an 542 00:32:57,040 --> 00:33:00,560 Speaker 1: appliance into, because again you're just attaching a load to 543 00:33:00,800 --> 00:33:03,840 Speaker 1: that flow of electrons and diverting it through your appliance 544 00:33:03,840 --> 00:33:06,160 Speaker 1: and then it goes back on its merry way. Right. 545 00:33:07,240 --> 00:33:09,920 Speaker 1: If you look at a plug, sometimes you'll see three 546 00:33:09,920 --> 00:33:13,240 Speaker 1: prongs and the third prong, the one on the bottom 547 00:33:13,360 --> 00:33:16,400 Speaker 1: seems different from the other ones. It's round, and that 548 00:33:16,560 --> 00:33:20,480 Speaker 1: is actually a grounding wire. Very important, very very important, 549 00:33:20,520 --> 00:33:26,800 Speaker 1: because as awesome as we've gotten with producing and directing electricity, 550 00:33:27,080 --> 00:33:30,040 Speaker 1: we can't control the amount of electrons that flow through 551 00:33:30,040 --> 00:33:34,240 Speaker 1: an outlet to down to a single electron, and so 552 00:33:34,320 --> 00:33:38,280 Speaker 1: there's such a thing as leakage of electrons, which is crazy. 553 00:33:38,400 --> 00:33:41,400 Speaker 1: And there's also um electrical build up that can happen 554 00:33:41,720 --> 00:33:44,440 Speaker 1: where if you're not using all of the um amps 555 00:33:44,960 --> 00:33:49,160 Speaker 1: in through an appliance, the residual amps can build up 556 00:33:49,560 --> 00:33:55,040 Speaker 1: and they charge the appliance and again, as with static electricity, 557 00:33:55,720 --> 00:34:00,120 Speaker 1: charges just sitting there waiting to be neutralized, sometimes through you, 558 00:34:00,720 --> 00:34:03,920 Speaker 1: which can make it very dangerous. To prevent this, they 559 00:34:04,040 --> 00:34:07,560 Speaker 1: have they connect the appliance through either that third prong 560 00:34:07,600 --> 00:34:10,640 Speaker 1: in a plug or through an actual grounding wire to 561 00:34:10,960 --> 00:34:15,399 Speaker 1: a copper wire that's driven into the ground. And that's 562 00:34:15,400 --> 00:34:20,719 Speaker 1: where the word comes from ground. You're actually transferring that 563 00:34:20,880 --> 00:34:25,360 Speaker 1: residual um electric electric energy to the ground, which is 564 00:34:25,400 --> 00:34:30,839 Speaker 1: basically an infinite reservoir for charge of dispersal to earth. Yeah, 565 00:34:30,920 --> 00:34:32,799 Speaker 1: So like when you look at a power line and 566 00:34:32,880 --> 00:34:36,200 Speaker 1: you see that bare wire coming down from the parallel 567 00:34:36,239 --> 00:34:40,000 Speaker 1: line and driven into the ground by a steak that 568 00:34:40,120 --> 00:34:42,080 Speaker 1: is the ground, and it goes down like six or 569 00:34:42,120 --> 00:34:44,759 Speaker 1: ten feet. Or if you look at every house, you're 570 00:34:44,760 --> 00:34:49,160 Speaker 1: gonna see near the meter, the electrical meter, you're gonna 571 00:34:49,160 --> 00:34:51,920 Speaker 1: see a probably a copper rod driven into the ground, 572 00:34:51,920 --> 00:34:54,239 Speaker 1: and that's your house is ground. Exactly the same thing 573 00:34:54,280 --> 00:34:58,120 Speaker 1: with a lightning rod. It's a ground for your entire house, 574 00:34:58,120 --> 00:35:00,239 Speaker 1: so that the lightning doesn't go through your how as 575 00:35:00,239 --> 00:35:02,400 Speaker 1: it goes through the lightning rod. And the point of 576 00:35:02,440 --> 00:35:06,000 Speaker 1: all of those is that the earth is it can 577 00:35:06,120 --> 00:35:08,120 Speaker 1: take it. Go ahead and give it as many electrical 578 00:35:08,120 --> 00:35:10,319 Speaker 1: shocks as you want. It's gonna be fine, so we think. 579 00:35:10,440 --> 00:35:12,520 Speaker 1: And it's a very good it's very good at just 580 00:35:12,560 --> 00:35:16,160 Speaker 1: dispersing those charges. So that's what grounding comes from. Very 581 00:35:16,160 --> 00:35:22,560 Speaker 1: important stuff. Yeah, and uh, we mentioned transformers earlier. Um 582 00:35:22,640 --> 00:35:26,240 Speaker 1: power plants create massive amounts of electricity and you can't 583 00:35:26,280 --> 00:35:29,959 Speaker 1: just shoot that down a power line and straight into 584 00:35:29,960 --> 00:35:33,799 Speaker 1: a house because it will blow up everything in your 585 00:35:33,960 --> 00:35:37,719 Speaker 1: in your home immediately. But they do need that kind 586 00:35:37,719 --> 00:35:41,320 Speaker 1: of juice in order to transfer like hundreds of miles 587 00:35:41,360 --> 00:35:42,879 Speaker 1: away from the power plant. You know, if you don't 588 00:35:42,880 --> 00:35:45,160 Speaker 1: live close, it's still got to get to you. So 589 00:35:45,239 --> 00:35:48,600 Speaker 1: the way they do that as new transformers, they transmit 590 00:35:48,640 --> 00:35:51,440 Speaker 1: the power with a lot of voltage, so more force, 591 00:35:52,000 --> 00:35:56,640 Speaker 1: less amperage, less resistance, less resistance, which means you lose less. 592 00:35:56,800 --> 00:35:58,719 Speaker 1: And then once it you know, they stop it down 593 00:35:58,719 --> 00:36:00,479 Speaker 1: along the way and by the time it gets your home, 594 00:36:01,120 --> 00:36:04,239 Speaker 1: it's transformed down to here in the United States and 595 00:36:04,239 --> 00:36:09,640 Speaker 1: twenty volts more elsewhere. Nights nice and safe, right, And 596 00:36:09,680 --> 00:36:11,600 Speaker 1: then you just plug your appliance into it and all 597 00:36:11,640 --> 00:36:18,160 Speaker 1: of a sudden that electrical energy transmits to your coaster. 598 00:36:18,360 --> 00:36:24,120 Speaker 1: Strudal being warmed, your hot pocket with tainted meats. That yeah, 599 00:36:24,600 --> 00:36:27,359 Speaker 1: remember that whole horsemade thing with Ikea the last couple 600 00:36:27,400 --> 00:36:30,200 Speaker 1: of years. It wasn't just Ikea, but they were definitely 601 00:36:30,600 --> 00:36:33,120 Speaker 1: called out, maybe most strongly for I think the hot 602 00:36:33,120 --> 00:36:35,520 Speaker 1: pockets too. They called it unsound meat, which is just 603 00:36:35,560 --> 00:36:38,719 Speaker 1: a word that sounds weird in front of meat. Unsound 604 00:36:38,840 --> 00:36:41,560 Speaker 1: is not you don't want to go near it, unsound, unclean, 605 00:36:42,280 --> 00:36:44,759 Speaker 1: It's biblical, all right. So now I think we even 606 00:36:44,800 --> 00:36:47,160 Speaker 1: though we've covered it in the Tesla podcast, we do 607 00:36:47,200 --> 00:36:48,680 Speaker 1: need to go over a C D C a little 608 00:36:48,680 --> 00:36:52,120 Speaker 1: bit like go listen to that podcast. That's a great one. 609 00:36:51,360 --> 00:36:56,000 Speaker 1: Best Australian band of all time. They were good. Yeah, yeah, 610 00:36:56,239 --> 00:36:59,520 Speaker 1: are good, David? Are they still around? Yeah? Man, David 611 00:36:59,560 --> 00:37:03,080 Speaker 1: Bowie played a pretty mean Tesla. No, I'm not telling 612 00:37:03,120 --> 00:37:07,120 Speaker 1: my Teslam on my A C d C okay. Uh 613 00:37:07,480 --> 00:37:10,120 Speaker 1: was all right? And they're not around. That's how I 614 00:37:10,160 --> 00:37:13,120 Speaker 1: was really confused. I was more confused about that than 615 00:37:13,120 --> 00:37:17,239 Speaker 1: I was by any aspect of electricity. I'm like, yeah, man, 616 00:37:17,280 --> 00:37:21,560 Speaker 1: of course they're around anyone in the Australian Uh yeah, No, 617 00:37:21,680 --> 00:37:23,960 Speaker 1: A C DC is great and they're still around. Huh 618 00:37:24,120 --> 00:37:25,960 Speaker 1: yeah there. I think you're putting an album together right now. 619 00:37:26,000 --> 00:37:27,880 Speaker 1: Given for them, I'll bet it sounds exactly like all 620 00:37:27,920 --> 00:37:32,279 Speaker 1: the rest. It's still rocks blues based rock. Uh in 621 00:37:32,800 --> 00:37:37,000 Speaker 1: valure velvet. Yes. So there was a battle being waged 622 00:37:37,280 --> 00:37:40,160 Speaker 1: between Tesla and Edison, and Tesla was all about the 623 00:37:40,160 --> 00:37:44,319 Speaker 1: A C current alternating current. Edison, as we know, said no, no, no, 624 00:37:44,360 --> 00:37:46,520 Speaker 1: that's far too dangerous and I'll prove this to you 625 00:37:46,560 --> 00:37:50,319 Speaker 1: by electrocuting animals and dogs and cats and even an 626 00:37:50,320 --> 00:37:54,239 Speaker 1: elephant named topsy and Um. And he was alleged to 627 00:37:54,280 --> 00:37:58,920 Speaker 1: have helped botch the first electrocution by electric chair by 628 00:37:58,920 --> 00:38:01,680 Speaker 1: a state Oh yeah, um. I don't remember the details 629 00:38:01,680 --> 00:38:03,840 Speaker 1: of that, but it's definitely in our our episode on 630 00:38:04,440 --> 00:38:09,360 Speaker 1: Exploded the guy. Yeah, he was a real jerk, remember, um. 631 00:38:09,400 --> 00:38:11,880 Speaker 1: And I think we remember I remember talking about there 632 00:38:11,880 --> 00:38:14,879 Speaker 1: should be a movie too about that that battle. Yeah. 633 00:38:14,920 --> 00:38:16,960 Speaker 1: I can't believe there's not. It sounds super nerdy, but 634 00:38:17,120 --> 00:38:19,120 Speaker 1: it would actually be interesting to go over. Well these 635 00:38:19,200 --> 00:38:23,840 Speaker 1: things degreed. So batteries these days use direct current power 636 00:38:24,040 --> 00:38:27,800 Speaker 1: DC power, and that means the positive and negative terminals 637 00:38:27,880 --> 00:38:32,400 Speaker 1: are always positive and negative, and it always electricity always 638 00:38:32,400 --> 00:38:35,919 Speaker 1: flows in the same direction from negative depositives. It does 639 00:38:35,960 --> 00:38:40,320 Speaker 1: not alternate. Yeah, just think about it this way. Uh, 640 00:38:40,520 --> 00:38:45,120 Speaker 1: negative and electrons negative. So in any terminal, that's where 641 00:38:45,120 --> 00:38:49,120 Speaker 1: all the negative charges vibes, and then positive is where 642 00:38:49,160 --> 00:38:51,400 Speaker 1: the electrons want to be because they're seeking to balance 643 00:38:51,440 --> 00:38:53,640 Speaker 1: it out and create neutral so that there's no pole 644 00:38:53,960 --> 00:38:58,200 Speaker 1: good vibes, yeah, or the very least so so vibes, 645 00:38:59,120 --> 00:39:02,960 Speaker 1: but not negative no. Um. And then you have alternating 646 00:39:03,000 --> 00:39:06,880 Speaker 1: current or a C, which means the current reverses sixty 647 00:39:06,920 --> 00:39:10,480 Speaker 1: times per second here in the US fifty times per second. 648 00:39:10,600 --> 00:39:14,640 Speaker 1: In Europe, So it's just reversing back and forth, alternating 649 00:39:14,640 --> 00:39:19,359 Speaker 1: that current. And uh, I guess, so who went out 650 00:39:19,360 --> 00:39:24,680 Speaker 1: in the end Tesla um on a large scale. Well, yeah, 651 00:39:24,920 --> 00:39:28,319 Speaker 1: I mean that's does Edison has his batteries. I guess 652 00:39:28,400 --> 00:39:30,640 Speaker 1: he could throw it up, which are pretty important too. 653 00:39:31,040 --> 00:39:33,239 Speaker 1: But yeah, I think we kind of came out in 654 00:39:33,280 --> 00:39:37,200 Speaker 1: the same way on that episode. They both kind of won. Yeah, 655 00:39:37,239 --> 00:39:40,680 Speaker 1: but Tesla was the cooler dude. Although Tesla died penniless 656 00:39:40,719 --> 00:39:45,319 Speaker 1: in New York in the nineteen forties and Edison died 657 00:39:45,320 --> 00:39:49,320 Speaker 1: of rich fat guy, he died of consumption and gout. 658 00:39:50,040 --> 00:39:54,560 Speaker 1: No has been Franklin. I guess we can finish with um. 659 00:39:54,880 --> 00:39:57,239 Speaker 1: If you get your power bill and you're amazed and 660 00:39:57,320 --> 00:40:00,279 Speaker 1: you wonder how they calculate this stuff, it's pretty easy. 661 00:40:00,680 --> 00:40:03,879 Speaker 1: Like we said here in the US, we deliver electricity 662 00:40:03,920 --> 00:40:06,719 Speaker 1: into your home at a hundred and twenty volts, So 663 00:40:06,719 --> 00:40:10,360 Speaker 1: you gotta remember that one too. It's important. Our article 664 00:40:10,440 --> 00:40:12,359 Speaker 1: uses a space heater as an example, which I think 665 00:40:12,400 --> 00:40:14,879 Speaker 1: is pretty good. You plug in that space heater. Let's 666 00:40:14,880 --> 00:40:17,000 Speaker 1: say it's the only thing going in your house, which 667 00:40:17,040 --> 00:40:19,799 Speaker 1: is not realistic, but go with me. You plug in 668 00:40:19,840 --> 00:40:24,640 Speaker 1: the space heater and it comes out to ten amps. 669 00:40:25,000 --> 00:40:28,160 Speaker 1: So you multiply that ten times undred and twenty because 670 00:40:28,160 --> 00:40:32,280 Speaker 1: that's your voltage, and you have got twelve hundred watts 671 00:40:32,320 --> 00:40:35,680 Speaker 1: of heat or one point to kill a watts. Yes, 672 00:40:36,160 --> 00:40:38,200 Speaker 1: because that's how the power company is going to measure it, 673 00:40:38,640 --> 00:40:41,479 Speaker 1: because they deal in big chunks. And if you leave 674 00:40:41,480 --> 00:40:43,879 Speaker 1: that heater on for an hour, you just used one 675 00:40:43,880 --> 00:40:47,160 Speaker 1: point to kill a watt hours, which is how you're build. Yeah, 676 00:40:47,200 --> 00:40:49,440 Speaker 1: and if they charge you a dime per kilo hot hour, 677 00:40:49,480 --> 00:40:51,359 Speaker 1: it's gonna cost you twelve cents an hour to run 678 00:40:51,400 --> 00:40:54,520 Speaker 1: that space heater. Right, Pretty simple and neat. And that's 679 00:40:54,520 --> 00:40:57,080 Speaker 1: why when you go to buy an appliance you should 680 00:40:57,080 --> 00:40:59,319 Speaker 1: look at that little tag that says how many kill 681 00:40:59,360 --> 00:41:02,160 Speaker 1: a wat hours you're gonna be burning? That's right, The 682 00:41:02,200 --> 00:41:06,440 Speaker 1: lower the better. So electricity, Huh, you got anything else? No, 683 00:41:06,680 --> 00:41:10,400 Speaker 1: don't play around with it, No, don't. Uh. Yes. I 684 00:41:10,400 --> 00:41:14,400 Speaker 1: always wear rubber sold shoes because rubber is an insulator. 685 00:41:14,560 --> 00:41:18,560 Speaker 1: It is why because it hangs on to its electrons, 686 00:41:18,840 --> 00:41:22,200 Speaker 1: the atoms that make up rubber. It's just that simple. Uh. 687 00:41:22,239 --> 00:41:24,279 Speaker 1: If you want to know more about electricity, you can 688 00:41:24,320 --> 00:41:26,239 Speaker 1: type that word in the search part how stuff works 689 00:41:26,280 --> 00:41:27,920 Speaker 1: dot Com. You can also go on all sorts of 690 00:41:28,000 --> 00:41:30,400 Speaker 1: kids science sites and find out more about it too. 691 00:41:31,040 --> 00:41:33,319 Speaker 1: And since I said search bar, it's time for listener mail. 692 00:41:35,600 --> 00:41:41,640 Speaker 1: I'm gonna call this rare birthday shout out. Hey, guys, 693 00:41:41,680 --> 00:41:43,279 Speaker 1: my name is Pearl, and I just want to tell 694 00:41:43,280 --> 00:41:45,040 Speaker 1: you how much a fan I am of your show. 695 00:41:45,600 --> 00:41:48,800 Speaker 1: I was introduced to the podcast by my best friend Molly. 696 00:41:49,120 --> 00:41:51,960 Speaker 1: We've been best friends for twelve years, and many of 697 00:41:51,960 --> 00:41:56,360 Speaker 1: our conversations begin by commenting on the podcast. For example, 698 00:41:56,360 --> 00:41:58,879 Speaker 1: we could not stop laughing at your nineteen twenties voice. 699 00:41:59,440 --> 00:42:02,200 Speaker 1: Towards the end the Underground Tunnels episode, we laughed over 700 00:42:02,280 --> 00:42:05,600 Speaker 1: and over that I think she's talking about this one 701 00:42:05,640 --> 00:42:11,799 Speaker 1: see Electricity, Tesla Edison killing animals. All right, that was 702 00:42:11,840 --> 00:42:15,880 Speaker 1: for you, Molly and Pearl. Whenever we're in the car together, 703 00:42:15,920 --> 00:42:17,560 Speaker 1: we find a podcast of yours to listen to so 704 00:42:17,600 --> 00:42:19,680 Speaker 1: we can enjoy it together. I was wondering if you 705 00:42:19,719 --> 00:42:23,080 Speaker 1: could help her out. Molly's twenty six birthday is April ninth, 706 00:42:23,600 --> 00:42:25,600 Speaker 1: and I think it would be totally awesome birthday gift 707 00:42:25,680 --> 00:42:27,880 Speaker 1: if you would send her a shout out during listener 708 00:42:27,920 --> 00:42:30,480 Speaker 1: mail I would be forever in your debt. Thanks for 709 00:42:30,520 --> 00:42:32,800 Speaker 1: doing the podcast. I'm a middle school teacher who always 710 00:42:32,840 --> 00:42:37,280 Speaker 1: listens during my prep periods and so happy birthday, Molly, 711 00:42:37,680 --> 00:42:40,640 Speaker 1: Happy twenty six. That should be close. Yeah, happy birthday 712 00:42:40,680 --> 00:42:43,080 Speaker 1: to April Night. That was very nice of us, and 713 00:42:43,640 --> 00:42:47,080 Speaker 1: thank you Pearl Webb in Chicago. And your friendship means 714 00:42:47,120 --> 00:42:50,640 Speaker 1: a lot to us. Yeah, you know, your friendship with 715 00:42:50,719 --> 00:42:54,200 Speaker 1: one another. Yeah, and then conversely through us all together 716 00:42:54,239 --> 00:42:57,600 Speaker 1: in their car. Yeah. Well, if you want to get 717 00:42:57,880 --> 00:43:01,279 Speaker 1: some sort of shout out sometimes Chuck uh Danes too, 718 00:43:01,320 --> 00:43:04,040 Speaker 1: he's very nice. Um. You can tweet to us at 719 00:43:04,239 --> 00:43:06,520 Speaker 1: s Y s K podcast. You can join us on 720 00:43:06,520 --> 00:43:09,080 Speaker 1: Facebook dot com, slash Stuff you Should Know. You can 721 00:43:09,080 --> 00:43:11,640 Speaker 1: send us an email to Stuff Podcast at Discovery dot 722 00:43:11,680 --> 00:43:13,759 Speaker 1: com and as I always, join us at our home 723 00:43:13,760 --> 00:43:21,319 Speaker 1: on the web. Stuff you Should Know dot com for 724 00:43:21,400 --> 00:43:23,719 Speaker 1: more on this and thousands of other topics. Is it 725 00:43:23,800 --> 00:43:31,880 Speaker 1: how Stuff Works dot com