1
00:00:00,040 --> 00:00:03,040
Speaker 1: Hey, history fans, if you want a double dose of history,

2
00:00:03,080 --> 00:00:06,320
Speaker 1: here's a rerun for today, brought to you by Tracy V. Wilson.

3
00:00:06,800 --> 00:00:09,440
Speaker 1: We hope it makes previous episodes for this date easier

4
00:00:09,440 --> 00:00:12,920
Speaker 1: to find in the feed. Welcome to This Day in

5
00:00:13,000 --> 00:00:15,800
Speaker 1: History Class from how Stuff Works dot com and from

6
00:00:15,840 --> 00:00:18,079
Speaker 1: the desk of Stuff you Missed in History Class. It's

7
00:00:18,079 --> 00:00:20,319
Speaker 1: the show where we explore the past one day at

8
00:00:20,320 --> 00:00:22,560
Speaker 1: a time with a quick look at what happened today

9
00:00:22,560 --> 00:00:30,720
Speaker 1: in history. Hello, and welcome to the podcast. I'm Tracy V. Wilson,

10
00:00:30,880 --> 00:00:34,840
Speaker 1: and it's November six. The Battle of Cajamarca took place

11
00:00:34,920 --> 00:00:37,320
Speaker 1: on this day in fifteen thirty two, and it's also

12
00:00:37,400 --> 00:00:41,600
Speaker 1: described as a massacre. This was committed by Francisco Pizzarro

13
00:00:41,680 --> 00:00:44,920
Speaker 1: and his men against the Inca people of what's now Peru.

14
00:00:46,200 --> 00:00:49,720
Speaker 1: When this happened, the Inca Empire had just been through

15
00:00:49,840 --> 00:00:53,800
Speaker 1: an enormous epidemic and a civil war, and the epidemic

16
00:00:53,840 --> 00:00:58,280
Speaker 1: had actually sparked the civil war. Emperor Huaiana Capac, both

17
00:00:58,280 --> 00:01:02,000
Speaker 1: of his governors, and multiple other important leaders had died

18
00:01:02,160 --> 00:01:06,080
Speaker 1: in this epidemic, and then Wayna Capac named one of

19
00:01:06,160 --> 00:01:09,840
Speaker 1: his sons as his successor, but that son died in

20
00:01:09,880 --> 00:01:12,640
Speaker 1: the epidemic himself before he could even be notified of

21
00:01:12,640 --> 00:01:17,279
Speaker 1: the decision, and then his father died also before news

22
00:01:17,319 --> 00:01:19,160
Speaker 1: got back to him about the death of his son.

23
00:01:20,760 --> 00:01:24,679
Speaker 1: This interrupted the imperial line of succession, and nineteen year

24
00:01:24,720 --> 00:01:27,959
Speaker 1: old Huascar went to war against his half brother Atahualpa,

25
00:01:28,240 --> 00:01:32,160
Speaker 1: both of them being sons of the previous emperor. The

26
00:01:32,200 --> 00:01:35,919
Speaker 1: resulting civil war went on for four years, with Atahualpa

27
00:01:36,040 --> 00:01:41,760
Speaker 1: ultimately winning. This war had just ended when Francisco Pizzarro

28
00:01:42,080 --> 00:01:45,600
Speaker 1: arrived on the coast of what's now Peru. He was

29
00:01:45,680 --> 00:01:49,880
Speaker 1: following the example of Hernan Cortes's conquest of the Aztec Empire.

30
00:01:50,280 --> 00:01:53,680
Speaker 1: He was planning to take a small force inland and

31
00:01:53,800 --> 00:01:56,480
Speaker 1: capture Atahualpa, who was the ink of viewed as a

32
00:01:56,520 --> 00:02:00,560
Speaker 1: divine ruler. That was actually what Cortez had done with

33
00:02:00,600 --> 00:02:05,280
Speaker 1: the Aztec emperor Marktezuma. The second Marktezuma was killed when

34
00:02:05,320 --> 00:02:10,520
Speaker 1: this happened, Although it's not clear exactly how we're by whom.

35
00:02:10,639 --> 00:02:12,919
Speaker 1: Pizarro and his force of just a hundred and sixty

36
00:02:13,000 --> 00:02:16,200
Speaker 1: eight men took a treacherous mountain road from the coast

37
00:02:16,240 --> 00:02:19,280
Speaker 1: inland to Caha Marca, which is where Otawallpa was encamped.

38
00:02:19,960 --> 00:02:23,359
Speaker 1: The city itself was almost empty, with Ottawallpa's force of

39
00:02:23,480 --> 00:02:27,120
Speaker 1: between forty thousand and eighty thousand men not far away.

40
00:02:28,120 --> 00:02:31,480
Speaker 1: Once they got into the city, Pizarro concealed his men

41
00:02:31,560 --> 00:02:35,800
Speaker 1: in buildings that were arranged around Cohamarca's central square, and

42
00:02:35,840 --> 00:02:39,919
Speaker 1: then they invited Atawallpa to have a meeting with them.

43
00:02:39,960 --> 00:02:43,440
Speaker 1: The night before this meeting, Ottawapa had held a ceremonial

44
00:02:43,520 --> 00:02:46,320
Speaker 1: dinner to celebrate his victory over his half brother, and

45
00:02:46,360 --> 00:02:49,040
Speaker 1: this dinner went on late into the night and involved

46
00:02:49,160 --> 00:02:52,920
Speaker 1: lots of intoxicating beverages. So when he entered Cohamarca the

47
00:02:52,960 --> 00:02:55,720
Speaker 1: next day, he was carried on a litter with about

48
00:02:55,760 --> 00:02:58,960
Speaker 1: seven thousand retainers, and they weren't necessarily at their best.

49
00:02:59,040 --> 00:03:02,280
Speaker 1: Most of them were all so unarmed because they were

50
00:03:02,320 --> 00:03:06,080
Speaker 1: not coming there with a fighting force or with any

51
00:03:06,160 --> 00:03:09,120
Speaker 1: idea of having any kind of battle. At a Wappa

52
00:03:09,440 --> 00:03:13,680
Speaker 1: was a divine emperor. He expected to be treated that

53
00:03:13,720 --> 00:03:18,400
Speaker 1: way by this visitor to his empire. Inside the city,

54
00:03:18,480 --> 00:03:20,679
Speaker 1: at a Wappa was greeted by a friar who talked

55
00:03:20,720 --> 00:03:24,760
Speaker 1: to him about Christianity and also delivered a Spanish document

56
00:03:24,800 --> 00:03:28,200
Speaker 1: that was called the Requirement. The Requirement was meant to

57
00:03:28,240 --> 00:03:34,200
Speaker 1: inform indigenous peoples that Spain had given its representatives the moral, religious,

58
00:03:34,240 --> 00:03:38,320
Speaker 1: and legal rights to conquest. Of course, the Requirement was

59
00:03:38,400 --> 00:03:41,400
Speaker 1: often delivered in Spanish, and that was often the language

60
00:03:41,440 --> 00:03:43,800
Speaker 1: that the people they were talking to did not speak.

61
00:03:44,320 --> 00:03:49,000
Speaker 1: There was though an interpreter in Cajamarca that day. During

62
00:03:49,120 --> 00:03:52,880
Speaker 1: this exchange with the Friar, the Friar had a Bible,

63
00:03:53,520 --> 00:03:58,040
Speaker 1: and sources really differ about what happened, but they all

64
00:03:58,520 --> 00:04:01,640
Speaker 1: end up with the Bible on the ground, either having

65
00:04:01,640 --> 00:04:05,720
Speaker 1: been knocked down or thrown or dropped. And when that happened,

66
00:04:05,720 --> 00:04:09,520
Speaker 1: Pizara's men burst out from hiding and they massacred nearly

67
00:04:09,720 --> 00:04:14,600
Speaker 1: all of Otawappa's retinue, and they took him prisoner. Pizarre's

68
00:04:14,640 --> 00:04:18,679
Speaker 1: forced saw almost no casualties in this, while Ottawallpa's force,

69
00:04:18,800 --> 00:04:24,200
Speaker 1: being mostly unarmed, were just massacred. Atawappa was Pizara's prisoner

70
00:04:24,320 --> 00:04:27,440
Speaker 1: until July fifteen fifty three, when he was put on

71
00:04:27,520 --> 00:04:30,400
Speaker 1: trial after there were allegations that he was mounting an

72
00:04:30,400 --> 00:04:35,359
Speaker 1: attack force. He was executed. Pizarro attempted to use the

73
00:04:35,400 --> 00:04:39,240
Speaker 1: emperors that followed Atawallpa as his puppets, although one of them,

74
00:04:39,320 --> 00:04:42,960
Speaker 1: named Manco Inca, ultimately rebelled against Spain and established a

75
00:04:43,000 --> 00:04:47,599
Speaker 1: completely separate Inca capital. Tupac Amaru is considered to be

76
00:04:47,680 --> 00:04:52,400
Speaker 1: the last Inca emperor, and he was executed on September fifteen,

77
00:04:52,440 --> 00:04:57,960
Speaker 1: seventy two, less than twenty years after Ottawapa's execution. You

78
00:04:58,000 --> 00:05:01,680
Speaker 1: can learn more about this in the April four episode

79
00:05:01,680 --> 00:05:03,920
Speaker 1: of Steffie Missed in History Class called Caha Marca and

80
00:05:04,000 --> 00:05:07,400
Speaker 1: the End of the Inca Empire. Thanks to Casey Pgraham

81
00:05:07,400 --> 00:05:09,440
Speaker 1: and Tandler Mayze for their audio work on the show.

82
00:05:10,160 --> 00:05:11,960
Speaker 1: You can subscribe to the Stay in History Class and

83
00:05:12,000 --> 00:05:15,400
Speaker 1: Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, and wherever else to get your podcasts,

84
00:05:15,440 --> 00:05:19,120
Speaker 1: and you can tune in tomorrow for a Murderous Castle