1 00:00:00,360 --> 00:00:05,600 Speaker 1: Hi everybody, it is time for another Saturday classic, and 2 00:00:05,720 --> 00:00:08,080 Speaker 1: this one is on the Wreck of the ten Sale, 3 00:00:08,119 --> 00:00:11,800 Speaker 1: which was a colossal multi ship wreck that was inspired 4 00:00:12,320 --> 00:00:15,320 Speaker 1: The episode was inspired by Tracy's trip to the Cayman 5 00:00:15,360 --> 00:00:18,120 Speaker 1: Islands National Museum. She took a vacation the air back 6 00:00:18,120 --> 00:00:22,040 Speaker 1: in and came back full of enthusiasm for this topic, 7 00:00:22,120 --> 00:00:24,840 Speaker 1: so we hope you enjoy it. Shipwrecks are always a 8 00:00:24,840 --> 00:00:28,000 Speaker 1: listener favorite, and this one has the added advantage of 9 00:00:28,080 --> 00:00:34,960 Speaker 1: being enormous, so let's just jump right into it. Welcome 10 00:00:35,000 --> 00:00:37,800 Speaker 1: to Stuff You Missed in History Class from how Stuff 11 00:00:37,840 --> 00:00:47,720 Speaker 1: Works dot Com. Hello, and welcome to the podcast. I'm 12 00:00:47,760 --> 00:00:52,839 Speaker 1: Tracy Wilson and I'm so uh late. This winter I 13 00:00:52,960 --> 00:00:56,840 Speaker 1: got to go to the Cayman Island National Museum in Georgetown, 14 00:00:57,040 --> 00:01:00,080 Speaker 1: Grand Cayman, right, actually been once before because you our 15 00:01:00,240 --> 00:01:03,040 Speaker 1: fancy vacation and the fancy well, I'm a fancy vacationer, 16 00:01:03,080 --> 00:01:06,000 Speaker 1: but this time we were trying to vacation both fancily 17 00:01:06,120 --> 00:01:09,039 Speaker 1: and frugally, which is why we spent our time in 18 00:01:09,280 --> 00:01:13,000 Speaker 1: Grand Cayman walking around and going to the National Museum, 19 00:01:13,040 --> 00:01:15,959 Speaker 1: which is not a very expensive place to go if 20 00:01:16,000 --> 00:01:17,680 Speaker 1: you are in Grand Cayman. So I had been there 21 00:01:17,680 --> 00:01:20,040 Speaker 1: once before, but this time I took Patrick with me. 22 00:01:20,680 --> 00:01:23,520 Speaker 1: The museum is in the oldest public building in the 23 00:01:23,560 --> 00:01:27,080 Speaker 1: Cayman Islands. It's one of the very few nineteenth century 24 00:01:27,200 --> 00:01:30,240 Speaker 1: structures still standing on the islands because they are struck 25 00:01:30,280 --> 00:01:34,080 Speaker 1: by hurricanes on a regular basis. Um While we were there, 26 00:01:34,920 --> 00:01:37,319 Speaker 1: Patrick mashed a button on one of the displays and 27 00:01:37,360 --> 00:01:40,440 Speaker 1: it brought up brought up this video on something called 28 00:01:40,480 --> 00:01:43,080 Speaker 1: the wreck of the ten Sale, And we started off 29 00:01:43,120 --> 00:01:45,640 Speaker 1: being like, that's a weird name for a ship, which 30 00:01:45,680 --> 00:01:47,680 Speaker 1: is why we watched it. And then as we watched 31 00:01:47,720 --> 00:01:50,040 Speaker 1: this video, we realized that the ten Sale was not 32 00:01:50,280 --> 00:01:54,120 Speaker 1: the name of the ship. It was ten Sale of ships, 33 00:01:54,160 --> 00:01:59,200 Speaker 1: so ten ships, a shipwreck of ten ships at once. 34 00:01:59,720 --> 00:02:03,279 Speaker 1: It was the biggest shipping disaster in Cayman Islands history. 35 00:02:03,720 --> 00:02:07,080 Speaker 1: And so naturally Patrick said, you should do a podcast 36 00:02:07,120 --> 00:02:13,440 Speaker 1: on this. So we are thanks to my vacation. So 37 00:02:13,600 --> 00:02:16,400 Speaker 1: I love a good vacation discovery too. I have them 38 00:02:16,520 --> 00:02:20,880 Speaker 1: pretty often when I'm on vacation. Uh. And this, like 39 00:02:20,919 --> 00:02:23,800 Speaker 1: the last time I had been um in the museum, 40 00:02:23,840 --> 00:02:25,920 Speaker 1: there was nothing like that that really sparked my attention 41 00:02:26,080 --> 00:02:30,400 Speaker 1: that this way, but this one did. Uh, so, just 42 00:02:30,440 --> 00:02:34,079 Speaker 1: so you have uh some background on the Cayman Islands. 43 00:02:34,120 --> 00:02:36,480 Speaker 1: These are a collection of islands in the Caribbeans south 44 00:02:36,520 --> 00:02:39,279 Speaker 1: of Cuba and northwest of Haiti, and they were uninhabited 45 00:02:39,280 --> 00:02:41,960 Speaker 1: by humans when Columbus sighted them in fifteen o three 46 00:02:42,440 --> 00:02:44,799 Speaker 1: after he was blown off course on his last voyage 47 00:02:44,840 --> 00:02:48,720 Speaker 1: to the America's There is no archaeological evidence of any 48 00:02:48,760 --> 00:02:52,440 Speaker 1: indigenous people living on these islands, but there certainly were 49 00:02:52,520 --> 00:02:57,240 Speaker 1: lots and lots of turtles, so Columbus named them last Tortugas. 50 00:02:57,639 --> 00:03:00,920 Speaker 1: Later they were renamed that came on ups, probably after 51 00:03:00,960 --> 00:03:04,240 Speaker 1: the carib word for cayman, the alligator like lizard that 52 00:03:04,320 --> 00:03:08,079 Speaker 1: lives in Central and South America, and this eventually morphed 53 00:03:08,120 --> 00:03:10,600 Speaker 1: into being the Cayman Islands. They are made up of 54 00:03:10,680 --> 00:03:14,760 Speaker 1: Grand Cayman, Little Cayman, and Cayman Brock. The Cayman Islands 55 00:03:14,800 --> 00:03:18,560 Speaker 1: are now famous for their banking and financial industries and 56 00:03:18,600 --> 00:03:22,200 Speaker 1: being a place to squirrel your money offshore to get 57 00:03:22,200 --> 00:03:25,360 Speaker 1: it away from the tax man, but until more modern times, 58 00:03:25,400 --> 00:03:29,000 Speaker 1: the economy was based on more local industries like rope making, 59 00:03:29,639 --> 00:03:32,080 Speaker 1: and during the Golden Age of piracy, they were also 60 00:03:32,160 --> 00:03:35,800 Speaker 1: a popular haven for pirates, including Blackbeard. This is what 61 00:03:35,920 --> 00:03:39,200 Speaker 1: led Prince Philip to say on a n visit to 62 00:03:39,240 --> 00:03:42,040 Speaker 1: dedicate a monument to this disaster. Aren't most of you 63 00:03:42,160 --> 00:03:47,760 Speaker 1: descended from pirates? Cracks me up. I love Prince Philip. 64 00:03:48,000 --> 00:03:51,920 Speaker 1: So so the ocean around the Cayman Islands is just 65 00:03:52,320 --> 00:03:57,560 Speaker 1: full of shipwrecks. Unlike the larger Caribbean islands like Haiti, Cuba, 66 00:03:57,680 --> 00:04:00,800 Speaker 1: or Jamaica, the Caymans are really flat and to the ocean, 67 00:04:00,920 --> 00:04:02,960 Speaker 1: so even in good weather they can be hard to 68 00:04:03,000 --> 00:04:06,120 Speaker 1: see from far away. And they're also surrounded by really 69 00:04:06,160 --> 00:04:08,960 Speaker 1: treacherous reefs and right in the middle of a track 70 00:04:09,000 --> 00:04:12,440 Speaker 1: for major hurricanes. And yet, in spite of all this 71 00:04:12,600 --> 00:04:17,839 Speaker 1: danger and kind of a non ideal uh topographical situation, 72 00:04:18,400 --> 00:04:21,320 Speaker 1: during this part of history, ships traveling back and forth 73 00:04:21,360 --> 00:04:24,799 Speaker 1: between the Caribbean and Europe routinely went around the Caymans 74 00:04:24,920 --> 00:04:27,640 Speaker 1: rather than taking the much more direct route between Cuba 75 00:04:27,680 --> 00:04:30,800 Speaker 1: and Hispaniola. That bit of water, which is known as 76 00:04:30,800 --> 00:04:34,920 Speaker 1: the Windward Passage, is extremely rough and very windy. I 77 00:04:35,000 --> 00:04:39,159 Speaker 1: have been through the Windward Passage four times. It has 78 00:04:39,160 --> 00:04:41,839 Speaker 1: made me sea sick every time. And that was in 79 00:04:41,960 --> 00:04:45,360 Speaker 1: like a great, big ship with modern stabilizing technology. So 80 00:04:45,440 --> 00:04:48,039 Speaker 1: I cannot really imagine how horrible it must have been 81 00:04:48,360 --> 00:04:51,320 Speaker 1: to go through that little stretch between Cuba and Hispaniola 82 00:04:51,680 --> 00:04:56,680 Speaker 1: in like a a wooden sailing ship from the eighteenth century. 83 00:04:57,160 --> 00:04:59,800 Speaker 1: That sounds terrible me. Yeah, probably a little bit of 84 00:04:59,800 --> 00:05:03,680 Speaker 1: a tummy twister. Yeah. So instead of going through the 85 00:05:03,720 --> 00:05:06,480 Speaker 1: winter passage, they would go the long way around around 86 00:05:06,480 --> 00:05:09,600 Speaker 1: the Cayman Islands, which could be treacherous but okay if 87 00:05:09,600 --> 00:05:11,680 Speaker 1: you gave it a wide berth. And then once you 88 00:05:11,760 --> 00:05:14,239 Speaker 1: got on the other side, the Gulf stream would speed 89 00:05:14,240 --> 00:05:16,000 Speaker 1: the ship along its way, so it was a farther 90 00:05:16,360 --> 00:05:21,000 Speaker 1: journey but easier than going through the windward passage. It 91 00:05:21,040 --> 00:05:24,840 Speaker 1: did not go so well one night in sev though. 92 00:05:25,320 --> 00:05:28,240 Speaker 1: And the story of this particular shipwreck starts with the 93 00:05:28,279 --> 00:05:31,560 Speaker 1: French Revolutionary Wars, during which France was at or with 94 00:05:31,720 --> 00:05:35,440 Speaker 1: a whole chunk of Europe, including Great Britain, and along 95 00:05:35,480 --> 00:05:39,039 Speaker 1: with everything else going on, the warring nation's navies were 96 00:05:39,279 --> 00:05:43,279 Speaker 1: naturally taking one another ships as prizes and trying to 97 00:05:43,320 --> 00:05:46,279 Speaker 1: protect their own shipping interests by providing naval escorts for 98 00:05:46,360 --> 00:05:51,200 Speaker 1: civilian vessels. In see the British Royal Navy took the 99 00:05:51,240 --> 00:05:55,359 Speaker 1: French frigate Inconstant as a prize, and after taking it 100 00:05:55,360 --> 00:05:57,800 Speaker 1: to Port Royal, Jamaica, the Navy gave it a new 101 00:05:57,880 --> 00:06:00,920 Speaker 1: crew and put it back into service as the Convert, 102 00:06:01,000 --> 00:06:03,760 Speaker 1: since there was already a ship named in Constant in 103 00:06:03,839 --> 00:06:07,560 Speaker 1: the Royal Navy, and the Convert was really too lightly 104 00:06:07,560 --> 00:06:11,039 Speaker 1: built to survive heavy heavy combat, so under Captain John 105 00:06:11,080 --> 00:06:13,680 Speaker 1: Lawford it was put into service as a scout, a 106 00:06:13,720 --> 00:06:17,080 Speaker 1: messenger and also as an escort for merchant convoys. In 107 00:06:17,240 --> 00:06:20,760 Speaker 1: January of sevour the Convert was sent to the west 108 00:06:20,880 --> 00:06:23,440 Speaker 1: end of Jamaica to gather up a convoy and escort 109 00:06:23,480 --> 00:06:26,920 Speaker 1: it back to England. This convoy was originally scheduled to 110 00:06:27,000 --> 00:06:29,200 Speaker 1: leave at the end of January, but it was postponed 111 00:06:29,200 --> 00:06:31,800 Speaker 1: a couple of times, first by a request of the 112 00:06:31,880 --> 00:06:35,080 Speaker 1: Chief of Magistrates and Merchants, who thought that a later 113 00:06:35,240 --> 00:06:37,840 Speaker 1: departure date would be better for the merchant community as 114 00:06:37,839 --> 00:06:40,640 Speaker 1: a whole, and then it was delayed a little bit 115 00:06:40,640 --> 00:06:43,760 Speaker 1: longer because the winds were very light when they were 116 00:06:43,760 --> 00:06:45,599 Speaker 1: trying to set sail and it was not enough to 117 00:06:45,600 --> 00:06:48,520 Speaker 1: get the heaviest merchant ships out of the bay, and 118 00:06:48,560 --> 00:06:51,640 Speaker 1: when the convoy finally set sail on February six, it 119 00:06:51,720 --> 00:06:54,360 Speaker 1: had fifty eight ships and all but three of them 120 00:06:54,360 --> 00:06:57,359 Speaker 1: were bound for Europe, and those three were going to 121 00:06:57,440 --> 00:07:01,360 Speaker 1: various American ports. This sounds like a huge, huge convoy, 122 00:07:01,480 --> 00:07:04,400 Speaker 1: but this size really wasn't unusual for a convoy at 123 00:07:04,440 --> 00:07:07,479 Speaker 1: this point in history, especially during wartime. Kind of like 124 00:07:07,520 --> 00:07:09,880 Speaker 1: a stick together mind. If you wanted to wait for 125 00:07:09,920 --> 00:07:12,280 Speaker 1: a military escort, you pretty much had to go when 126 00:07:12,320 --> 00:07:15,400 Speaker 1: that was going to be available to you. Lawford's orders 127 00:07:15,440 --> 00:07:18,120 Speaker 1: were to set the pace to that of the slowest ship, 128 00:07:18,240 --> 00:07:20,840 Speaker 1: and then to keep the convoy together at all costs, 129 00:07:21,240 --> 00:07:23,640 Speaker 1: and he did this by ordering all of the merchant 130 00:07:23,680 --> 00:07:27,080 Speaker 1: ships to stay behind the convert which would occasionally fire 131 00:07:27,120 --> 00:07:30,160 Speaker 1: its guns to warn merchants that started to creep ahead 132 00:07:30,160 --> 00:07:33,560 Speaker 1: of it. And under normal circumstances, a ship of this 133 00:07:33,680 --> 00:07:37,280 Speaker 1: era leaving Jamaica would pass the Caymans within twenty four hours, 134 00:07:37,720 --> 00:07:40,440 Speaker 1: and theoretically that should have been possible even with such 135 00:07:40,440 --> 00:07:43,320 Speaker 1: a large convoy, but one of the merchant vessels was 136 00:07:43,440 --> 00:07:46,040 Speaker 1: leaky and the convoy had to lie to twice while 137 00:07:46,040 --> 00:07:48,440 Speaker 1: it was bailed out, and even though they picked up 138 00:07:48,480 --> 00:07:51,000 Speaker 1: speed to try to make better time. When the sun 139 00:07:51,040 --> 00:07:53,200 Speaker 1: went down on the seventh, they had seen no side 140 00:07:53,200 --> 00:07:57,160 Speaker 1: of land. This was a very dark, cloudy night, and 141 00:07:57,240 --> 00:08:01,040 Speaker 1: as midnight approached. The sailing master, he was an Thomas Popowell, 142 00:08:01,480 --> 00:08:04,600 Speaker 1: calculated that they should be safely passed the Caymans, with 143 00:08:04,640 --> 00:08:08,440 Speaker 1: at least seven leagues between the convoy and the treacherous reefs. 144 00:08:09,040 --> 00:08:12,440 Speaker 1: Papawell also suggested that they needed to alter their direction 145 00:08:12,480 --> 00:08:15,440 Speaker 1: a little bit to compensate for very northerly winds, so 146 00:08:15,480 --> 00:08:17,760 Speaker 1: that they would stay on their course, which was sort 147 00:08:17,760 --> 00:08:21,160 Speaker 1: of aimed at the western tip of Cuba, and based 148 00:08:21,160 --> 00:08:26,120 Speaker 1: on Popowell's recommendations, Lawford gave the order. Papa Well relieved 149 00:08:26,160 --> 00:08:29,080 Speaker 1: him for the night, and he went below. At about 150 00:08:29,160 --> 00:08:31,920 Speaker 1: three a m. Two shots were fired from one of 151 00:08:31,960 --> 00:08:35,520 Speaker 1: the civilian ships. Papawell went below, he woke La, offered up. 152 00:08:36,120 --> 00:08:38,400 Speaker 1: They went back up. Both of them thought that this 153 00:08:38,480 --> 00:08:41,160 Speaker 1: was a distress call from one of the ships behind them, 154 00:08:41,360 --> 00:08:44,240 Speaker 1: but when Lawford got on deck again, he realized that 155 00:08:44,320 --> 00:08:47,680 Speaker 1: several ships had passed the convert in the night, apparently 156 00:08:47,720 --> 00:08:51,200 Speaker 1: without anyone aboard the convert. Realizing the shot had come 157 00:08:51,240 --> 00:08:53,439 Speaker 1: from one of the ships, that was ahead of them, 158 00:08:53,480 --> 00:08:56,720 Speaker 1: not a ship behind them. And at the same time 159 00:08:56,880 --> 00:09:00,040 Speaker 1: someone on watch called that there were breakers ahead and 160 00:09:00,120 --> 00:09:03,400 Speaker 1: Lawton's words they quote appeared in every direction, and I 161 00:09:03,440 --> 00:09:05,360 Speaker 1: could not tell from the darkness of the night to 162 00:09:05,400 --> 00:09:09,200 Speaker 1: what extent they might run. So, knowing that the breakers 163 00:09:09,200 --> 00:09:12,200 Speaker 1: meant they were all in imminent danger, the Convert tried 164 00:09:12,240 --> 00:09:15,440 Speaker 1: to take evasive action. This was a really nimble ship. 165 00:09:16,080 --> 00:09:19,560 Speaker 1: It was a light and fast French ship, and according 166 00:09:19,600 --> 00:09:22,440 Speaker 1: to the captain, they really would have been fine. But 167 00:09:22,520 --> 00:09:25,959 Speaker 1: almost immediately Lawford realized that they were on an inevitable 168 00:09:26,040 --> 00:09:28,320 Speaker 1: collision course with one of the merchant ships that was 169 00:09:28,400 --> 00:09:32,560 Speaker 1: also right next to them. The two ships struck each other, 170 00:09:32,960 --> 00:09:36,720 Speaker 1: and their crews managed to separate them, but only for 171 00:09:36,880 --> 00:09:40,160 Speaker 1: the Convert to then be struck again by the other ship. 172 00:09:40,720 --> 00:09:43,600 Speaker 1: And about this same time, Papawell tried to sound the 173 00:09:43,640 --> 00:09:46,079 Speaker 1: depth of the water, but as he did, the Convert 174 00:09:46,120 --> 00:09:49,040 Speaker 1: ground against the reef. The crew tried to lighten the 175 00:09:49,080 --> 00:09:51,640 Speaker 1: frigate by taking down the masts, but the damage was 176 00:09:51,679 --> 00:09:54,800 Speaker 1: already done. The bilge was filling up, and the captain 177 00:09:54,840 --> 00:09:57,760 Speaker 1: had to give the order to abandon ship. And before 178 00:09:57,760 --> 00:10:02,000 Speaker 1: we talk about what happened. Next, it's exciting, middle of 179 00:10:02,040 --> 00:10:05,040 Speaker 1: the night shipwreck. Let's take them from it. Yeah, it's 180 00:10:05,040 --> 00:10:17,400 Speaker 1: take a moment and talk about a sponsor. Okay. So 181 00:10:17,559 --> 00:10:19,160 Speaker 1: it was clear even in the middle of the night 182 00:10:19,679 --> 00:10:23,520 Speaker 1: that that multiple ships had wrecked, and they started evacuating, 183 00:10:24,000 --> 00:10:26,600 Speaker 1: either with their own boats or with canoes that were 184 00:10:26,679 --> 00:10:29,559 Speaker 1: rowed out from the island. So survivors who were in 185 00:10:29,640 --> 00:10:32,400 Speaker 1: the water made rafts out of flatsam and jetsam to 186 00:10:32,480 --> 00:10:35,240 Speaker 1: try to get to shore, but the going was really rough. 187 00:10:35,360 --> 00:10:37,000 Speaker 1: It was the middle of the night, the sea was 188 00:10:37,160 --> 00:10:40,640 Speaker 1: extremely choppy, and the wind was blowing right at the reef, 189 00:10:40,800 --> 00:10:43,520 Speaker 1: so the ships that had avoided this pile up could 190 00:10:43,600 --> 00:10:47,280 Speaker 1: not risk approaching to assist, and sailors from the Convert 191 00:10:47,280 --> 00:10:49,839 Speaker 1: who managed to make it into the ship's boats were 192 00:10:49,880 --> 00:10:53,040 Speaker 1: picked up by other vessels. About twenty of the Converts 193 00:10:53,120 --> 00:10:56,120 Speaker 1: crew decided to wait aboard the disabled ship for rescue 194 00:10:56,280 --> 00:10:58,920 Speaker 1: rather than risk the canoe passage to land at night 195 00:10:58,960 --> 00:11:01,880 Speaker 1: in the dark. Kind of imagine them being let huh 196 00:11:02,920 --> 00:11:06,040 Speaker 1: and it's not happening. Uh. The men who made it 197 00:11:06,120 --> 00:11:08,800 Speaker 1: to shore made huts and tents from the wreckage and 198 00:11:08,920 --> 00:11:11,840 Speaker 1: then used the Converts boats to try to salvage provisions 199 00:11:11,880 --> 00:11:14,480 Speaker 1: and other equipment, but there was really not a lot 200 00:11:14,559 --> 00:11:16,439 Speaker 1: they could do. In the middle of the night, the 201 00:11:16,600 --> 00:11:19,920 Speaker 1: sharp coral was destroying their ropes as they were trying 202 00:11:20,000 --> 00:11:22,280 Speaker 1: to haul things, and the sea was so rough that 203 00:11:22,360 --> 00:11:26,000 Speaker 1: even really strong swimmers were having trouble managing it. When 204 00:11:26,040 --> 00:11:29,400 Speaker 1: the sun came up, they saw, in Lawford's words, quote, 205 00:11:29,679 --> 00:11:33,439 Speaker 1: a most melancholy scene, seven ships and two brigs on 206 00:11:33,520 --> 00:11:36,680 Speaker 1: the same reef, with the convert a very heavy sea running, 207 00:11:36,760 --> 00:11:39,920 Speaker 1: and the wind blowing directly on the shore. Those seven 208 00:11:40,000 --> 00:11:42,719 Speaker 1: ships and two brigs were the William and Elizabeth, the 209 00:11:42,800 --> 00:11:46,840 Speaker 1: more Haul, the Ludlow, the Britannia, the Richard, the Nancy, 210 00:11:47,080 --> 00:11:50,679 Speaker 1: the Eagle, the Sally, and the Fortune. The Ludlow was 211 00:11:50,800 --> 00:11:54,920 Speaker 1: sadly a fine new vessel on her first voyage, according 212 00:11:54,960 --> 00:11:57,840 Speaker 1: to an advertisement that had been placed in Kingston, Jamaica 213 00:11:57,920 --> 00:12:01,240 Speaker 1: the December before advertise using its place in the convoy, 214 00:12:01,800 --> 00:12:06,000 Speaker 1: and the more Haul so sadly was full of quote, flour, ham, 215 00:12:06,720 --> 00:12:10,760 Speaker 1: cheese and potatoes for sale, although most of the perishables 216 00:12:10,800 --> 00:12:13,440 Speaker 1: were lost after the wreck. I feel like we should 217 00:12:13,440 --> 00:12:16,880 Speaker 1: have a moment of silence for the all and cheese 218 00:12:17,360 --> 00:12:21,240 Speaker 1: and cheese, well, and the potatoes. There's a lot of 219 00:12:21,320 --> 00:12:24,480 Speaker 1: casserole that was lost at sea. Not to belittle the 220 00:12:24,600 --> 00:12:27,040 Speaker 1: loss of the other things, but yeah, even with the 221 00:12:27,120 --> 00:12:29,720 Speaker 1: benefit of daylight, the conditions on the water weren't much 222 00:12:29,760 --> 00:12:32,559 Speaker 1: better than they had been during the night before. Rough 223 00:12:32,640 --> 00:12:35,360 Speaker 1: swells and the constant wind meant that even though visibility 224 00:12:35,520 --> 00:12:38,559 Speaker 1: was better, the forty eight undamaged ships in the convoys 225 00:12:38,600 --> 00:12:41,920 Speaker 1: still couldn't approach to offer any help. Locals from the 226 00:12:42,000 --> 00:12:44,599 Speaker 1: island spent the whole day of February eight in a 227 00:12:44,679 --> 00:12:47,679 Speaker 1: canoe based rescue operation, and by the time the sun 228 00:12:47,760 --> 00:12:50,240 Speaker 1: went down again, most of the survivors from the wrecked 229 00:12:50,280 --> 00:12:53,240 Speaker 1: ships had been brought to shore. Also on the eight 230 00:12:53,679 --> 00:12:56,520 Speaker 1: Lawford talked the fisherman into delivering a letter to the 231 00:12:56,640 --> 00:13:00,280 Speaker 1: unwrecked ships instructing them to go westward to hogs Stye 232 00:13:00,320 --> 00:13:02,679 Speaker 1: Bay on the Lee side of the island, which is 233 00:13:02,760 --> 00:13:06,480 Speaker 1: off of Georgetown. The water would be calm there and 234 00:13:06,520 --> 00:13:08,839 Speaker 1: they could all basically just wait at anchor for a 235 00:13:08,920 --> 00:13:12,000 Speaker 1: new escort. Nine of the ships did this, and the 236 00:13:12,200 --> 00:13:16,280 Speaker 1: rest of the convoy continued on unescorted. On the ninth, 237 00:13:16,480 --> 00:13:18,760 Speaker 1: Lawford set off from gun Bluff on the east end 238 00:13:18,800 --> 00:13:21,720 Speaker 1: of the Grand Cayman where they were camped to Georgetown, 239 00:13:22,240 --> 00:13:24,960 Speaker 1: planning to send word to the Admiralty and make arrangements 240 00:13:25,000 --> 00:13:27,640 Speaker 1: for the convoy while he was there. This was basically 241 00:13:27,720 --> 00:13:30,400 Speaker 1: the opposite end of the island. He arrived on the 242 00:13:30,440 --> 00:13:33,559 Speaker 1: eleventh and posted his various letters to sort of give 243 00:13:33,559 --> 00:13:35,599 Speaker 1: you an idea of how small Grand Cayman is. He 244 00:13:35,679 --> 00:13:37,920 Speaker 1: did this on foot in two days, until you walk 245 00:13:37,960 --> 00:13:41,679 Speaker 1: the whole island. On the twelve he was met in 246 00:13:41,760 --> 00:13:45,000 Speaker 1: Georgetown with a petition signed by eight residents of Grand 247 00:13:45,080 --> 00:13:47,760 Speaker 1: Cayman who were asking for the passengers from the wrecked 248 00:13:47,840 --> 00:13:51,240 Speaker 1: vessels to be quote immediately removed from this island as 249 00:13:51,280 --> 00:13:55,679 Speaker 1: soon as possible. The huge influx of shipwreck survivors had 250 00:13:55,760 --> 00:13:58,920 Speaker 1: the residents pretty much panicked. There were only about nine 251 00:13:59,040 --> 00:14:01,480 Speaker 1: hundred people living on the island at this point, and 252 00:14:01,600 --> 00:14:05,880 Speaker 1: shipwrecked survivors had increased the island's population by more than half, 253 00:14:06,559 --> 00:14:10,280 Speaker 1: so at least four people now feeling a little crowded. 254 00:14:10,440 --> 00:14:12,559 Speaker 1: You have a little crowded on top of all that, 255 00:14:13,400 --> 00:14:16,400 Speaker 1: In the words of the petitioners, it was quote morally 256 00:14:16,559 --> 00:14:20,800 Speaker 1: impossible for the inhabitants to support themselves. This was because 257 00:14:20,840 --> 00:14:23,240 Speaker 1: of a huge hurricane that had struck the islands the 258 00:14:23,280 --> 00:14:25,400 Speaker 1: past October, so it was sort of like, we're in 259 00:14:25,520 --> 00:14:28,160 Speaker 1: dire straits already and you guys have just made our 260 00:14:28,400 --> 00:14:31,560 Speaker 1: population half again as big. We cannot manage this. In 261 00:14:31,680 --> 00:14:35,040 Speaker 1: response to this petition, Lawford divvied the survivors up. He 262 00:14:35,200 --> 00:14:37,920 Speaker 1: sent them to the ships at Hogsti Bay and wrote 263 00:14:38,000 --> 00:14:41,760 Speaker 1: letters to their captains repeating this quote morally impossible language. 264 00:14:42,520 --> 00:14:45,520 Speaker 1: He begged the captains to remove their ships immediately, and 265 00:14:45,600 --> 00:14:48,480 Speaker 1: he also wrote introductory letters to the Governor of Havanah 266 00:14:48,640 --> 00:14:50,880 Speaker 1: requesting aid for any of the ships that should make 267 00:14:50,920 --> 00:14:54,240 Speaker 1: their way there on route back to England. Having handled 268 00:14:54,240 --> 00:14:57,120 Speaker 1: all this correspondence and arrangements, Lawford then went back to 269 00:14:57,200 --> 00:14:59,800 Speaker 1: the camp on gun Bluff, and there he and about 270 00:14:59,840 --> 00:15:02,240 Speaker 1: to any of his men carried out a salvage operation 271 00:15:02,400 --> 00:15:05,400 Speaker 1: for the next six weeks. In the end, they were 272 00:15:05,480 --> 00:15:08,400 Speaker 1: able to get quite a lot from the wreckage, including sales, 273 00:15:08,600 --> 00:15:14,200 Speaker 1: rope tools, ammunition, and artillery swords, pikes and axes. Nearly 274 00:15:14,400 --> 00:15:17,400 Speaker 1: everything perishable was lost, though, and many of the Convert's 275 00:15:17,440 --> 00:15:21,480 Speaker 1: original French cannons sank to the seafloor. Only five men 276 00:15:21,680 --> 00:15:24,280 Speaker 1: from the Convert were killed in the wreck, along with 277 00:15:24,440 --> 00:15:26,760 Speaker 1: three people on other ships, one of whom was the 278 00:15:26,840 --> 00:15:30,560 Speaker 1: master of the Britannia. Several people died of illness in 279 00:15:30,640 --> 00:15:33,160 Speaker 1: the wake of the disaster, though, but considering that there 280 00:15:33,200 --> 00:15:36,480 Speaker 1: were ten ships involved in this shipwreck, the death toll 281 00:15:36,640 --> 00:15:40,120 Speaker 1: was remarkably small. All nine of the ships that had 282 00:15:40,200 --> 00:15:43,600 Speaker 1: rendezvoused at Hogstey Bay and their newly increased crew and 283 00:15:43,720 --> 00:15:47,200 Speaker 1: passengers made it safely back to England. Two of the 284 00:15:47,280 --> 00:15:51,280 Speaker 1: others that left previously unescorted, they were a little less fortunate. 285 00:15:51,680 --> 00:15:54,800 Speaker 1: One was taken by a French privateer and another was 286 00:15:54,920 --> 00:15:58,720 Speaker 1: captured by the French Navy. And then there are consequences, 287 00:15:58,920 --> 00:16:03,240 Speaker 1: of course, because this incident had been so huge and 288 00:16:03,320 --> 00:16:06,160 Speaker 1: had involved a navy vessel, it led to a court 289 00:16:06,240 --> 00:16:10,160 Speaker 1: martial on April one of sevente four. The court martial 290 00:16:10,280 --> 00:16:12,760 Speaker 1: was held aboard the HM S Success, which was anchored 291 00:16:12,760 --> 00:16:17,400 Speaker 1: off Port Royal, Jamaica. Lawford's defense was that this entire 292 00:16:17,560 --> 00:16:20,240 Speaker 1: thing would have been completely prevented if the ships and 293 00:16:20,280 --> 00:16:22,680 Speaker 1: the convoy had stayed behind the convert like they were 294 00:16:22,720 --> 00:16:26,280 Speaker 1: supposed to from the beginning. He insisted that had the 295 00:16:26,360 --> 00:16:28,800 Speaker 1: convert been at the front of the convoy. It was 296 00:16:29,240 --> 00:16:31,720 Speaker 1: a nimble enough that it could have evaded the reef 297 00:16:31,840 --> 00:16:34,040 Speaker 1: and steered the rest of the convoy away from it, 298 00:16:34,280 --> 00:16:36,720 Speaker 1: even if they had gotten as close to the reef 299 00:16:36,760 --> 00:16:40,440 Speaker 1: as they did before wrecking. The first Lieutenant b Bogue 300 00:16:40,640 --> 00:16:44,560 Speaker 1: and second Lieutenant William Earnshaw were questioned as well, asked 301 00:16:44,600 --> 00:16:46,400 Speaker 1: by the court to give their account of what had 302 00:16:46,440 --> 00:16:49,800 Speaker 1: taken place, and each was cross examined by Lawford, who 303 00:16:49,840 --> 00:16:51,760 Speaker 1: asked about whether they had seen the master of the 304 00:16:51,840 --> 00:16:55,400 Speaker 1: ship used the sextant to figure out their latitude, whether 305 00:16:55,480 --> 00:16:57,800 Speaker 1: the signals had been flown to instruct the other ships 306 00:16:57,880 --> 00:17:00,200 Speaker 1: to stay behind them, whether they had had the fire 307 00:17:00,280 --> 00:17:03,520 Speaker 1: shots to wardships to get back behind them, and additional 308 00:17:03,640 --> 00:17:07,200 Speaker 1: questions of a similar nature that the third lieutenant I 309 00:17:07,240 --> 00:17:10,560 Speaker 1: also kind of want to say lieutenant every time, because 310 00:17:10,600 --> 00:17:14,240 Speaker 1: we're talking about English people. Um. The third lieutenant was 311 00:17:14,359 --> 00:17:17,119 Speaker 1: also called and sworn, but he had not been on 312 00:17:17,240 --> 00:17:19,760 Speaker 1: duty because of an injured arm, so he was excused. 313 00:17:20,520 --> 00:17:23,560 Speaker 1: Mr Popplewell was questioned on the matter of the log book, 314 00:17:23,600 --> 00:17:25,680 Speaker 1: which had been found to contain no record of the 315 00:17:25,760 --> 00:17:28,720 Speaker 1: distance traveled the day before the wreck. He was also 316 00:17:28,840 --> 00:17:31,240 Speaker 1: questioned about his knowledge of the region and the route, 317 00:17:32,000 --> 00:17:34,359 Speaker 1: even though it hadn't been in the log. Papolwell was 318 00:17:34,400 --> 00:17:36,600 Speaker 1: able to tell the court their latitude as of his 319 00:17:36,720 --> 00:17:39,320 Speaker 1: last reckoning, and he insisted that the difference in their 320 00:17:39,359 --> 00:17:43,080 Speaker 1: position was because of unexpectedly strong currents that had carried 321 00:17:43,119 --> 00:17:45,680 Speaker 1: them off course during the night. Then there was a 322 00:17:45,800 --> 00:17:47,879 Speaker 1: lot of back and forth questioning on the matter of 323 00:17:47,920 --> 00:17:50,840 Speaker 1: the log book commission, and the master's mate and the 324 00:17:50,880 --> 00:17:53,760 Speaker 1: midshipmen were called, and Lieutenant Bog was called for a 325 00:17:53,840 --> 00:17:57,679 Speaker 1: second time, and they were both cross examined also by 326 00:17:57,760 --> 00:18:01,159 Speaker 1: the captain. None of them knew the reason for the 327 00:18:01,400 --> 00:18:04,240 Speaker 1: omission in the log, but they all had every reason 328 00:18:04,280 --> 00:18:07,440 Speaker 1: to believe, according to their statements, that the measurements had 329 00:18:07,520 --> 00:18:11,400 Speaker 1: been correct and that the sextant had been accurate. Then 330 00:18:11,600 --> 00:18:14,800 Speaker 1: Mr Davy, master of the ship's success, was called and 331 00:18:14,880 --> 00:18:16,879 Speaker 1: asked by the court to give the latitude where the 332 00:18:16,920 --> 00:18:20,760 Speaker 1: wreck had happened. Lawford cross examined him, asking him how 333 00:18:20,840 --> 00:18:22,960 Speaker 1: he found the currents leading north from Jamaica to the 334 00:18:23,080 --> 00:18:26,080 Speaker 1: Caymans during his own voyages, and he said he'd found 335 00:18:26,119 --> 00:18:28,040 Speaker 1: them to be very strong and it had put them 336 00:18:28,080 --> 00:18:31,520 Speaker 1: off their reckoning by nine or ten leagues. I kind 337 00:18:31,520 --> 00:18:34,080 Speaker 1: of I like, you know, Al Lawford's kind of like 338 00:18:35,080 --> 00:18:38,560 Speaker 1: you've you've found this to be like extraordinarily strong current, 339 00:18:38,640 --> 00:18:43,000 Speaker 1: did you not? We sure did. In the end, Lawford 340 00:18:43,040 --> 00:18:46,320 Speaker 1: and his crew were acquitted. And here is the statement 341 00:18:46,359 --> 00:18:49,720 Speaker 1: on that quote. The Court, having thoroughly examined into the 342 00:18:50,080 --> 00:18:54,600 Speaker 1: several circumstances attending the same, and having maturely and deliberately 343 00:18:54,720 --> 00:18:58,440 Speaker 1: considered the whole, is of the opinion that the misfortune 344 00:18:58,600 --> 00:19:01,520 Speaker 1: was occasioned by a strong current setting the ships very 345 00:19:01,640 --> 00:19:05,960 Speaker 1: considerably to the northward, and they're reckoning. And doth therefore 346 00:19:06,119 --> 00:19:11,040 Speaker 1: a judge that the said Captain Lawford, commander of His 347 00:19:11,160 --> 00:19:14,600 Speaker 1: Majesty's late ship, the Convert, the officers and the company 348 00:19:14,640 --> 00:19:17,400 Speaker 1: of the said ship, be acquitted. And they are hereby 349 00:19:17,520 --> 00:19:23,119 Speaker 1: acquitted accordingly. And this incident didn't really affect Lawford's career. 350 00:19:23,320 --> 00:19:26,200 Speaker 1: He continued to command ships, and he eventually became an admiral. 351 00:19:26,840 --> 00:19:30,159 Speaker 1: So weather and science have dredged up lots of new 352 00:19:30,200 --> 00:19:34,199 Speaker 1: information about this two twenty year old shipwreck. Shipwrecks plural 353 00:19:34,640 --> 00:19:37,800 Speaker 1: of ten ships uh in the last forty years so years, 354 00:19:38,320 --> 00:19:41,639 Speaker 1: coral encrusted cannons started showing up around town on the 355 00:19:41,680 --> 00:19:44,480 Speaker 1: east end of Grand Cayman in the nineteen seventies, and 356 00:19:44,560 --> 00:19:47,119 Speaker 1: the locals had lots of stories to tell about cannons 357 00:19:47,160 --> 00:19:49,640 Speaker 1: in the water where they had played as children. These 358 00:19:49,720 --> 00:19:52,560 Speaker 1: weapons all board dates of seventeen eighty one, as well 359 00:19:52,640 --> 00:19:56,440 Speaker 1: as French markings. An archaeological survey by the Institute of 360 00:19:56,600 --> 00:19:59,760 Speaker 1: Nautical Archaeology in nine eighty confirmed that there were six 361 00:20:00,000 --> 00:20:03,480 Speaker 1: are large pieces of artillery still in the sand. The 362 00:20:03,600 --> 00:20:06,920 Speaker 1: weapons themselves all seemed like they probably came from the 363 00:20:07,000 --> 00:20:10,240 Speaker 1: Convert uh it had kept its French artillery when it 364 00:20:10,320 --> 00:20:12,960 Speaker 1: had been put into service for Britain, and a study 365 00:20:13,040 --> 00:20:15,680 Speaker 1: of the reef line the same year also found evidence 366 00:20:15,760 --> 00:20:18,840 Speaker 1: of where the convert had to run aground. And still more, 367 00:20:18,920 --> 00:20:22,800 Speaker 1: in that same year, Hurricane Allen unearthed more wreckage in 368 00:20:22,920 --> 00:20:25,320 Speaker 1: that same part of the ocean. There are more than 369 00:20:25,400 --> 00:20:28,399 Speaker 1: twenty shipwrecks in the area, and surveys of all of 370 00:20:28,480 --> 00:20:31,080 Speaker 1: them pinpointed six that are probably from the wreck of 371 00:20:31,160 --> 00:20:36,840 Speaker 1: the Ten Sale Ashore archaeologists found all manner of pottery, shards, glass, 372 00:20:36,920 --> 00:20:40,359 Speaker 1: and naval hardware suspected to be from the survivor's camp 373 00:20:40,920 --> 00:20:42,920 Speaker 1: as you recall, they gathered up stuff and built a 374 00:20:43,359 --> 00:20:46,040 Speaker 1: camp out of the salvage wreckage, and then they did 375 00:20:46,040 --> 00:20:49,000 Speaker 1: their salvage work for about six weeks. From there. Field 376 00:20:49,040 --> 00:20:51,680 Speaker 1: work into all of this continued for about a decade, 377 00:20:52,119 --> 00:20:55,359 Speaker 1: and then correspondence with naval scholars from France confirmed that 378 00:20:55,440 --> 00:20:57,920 Speaker 1: the cannons that were there on the seafloor would have 379 00:20:58,119 --> 00:21:01,879 Speaker 1: been aboard the Inconstant or it was pressed into English service. 380 00:21:02,440 --> 00:21:05,840 Speaker 1: Margaret Leakar Denton, an archaeologist serving with the Cayman Islands 381 00:21:05,880 --> 00:21:09,440 Speaker 1: and National Museum, conducted a survey of cannon salvage from 382 00:21:09,440 --> 00:21:12,440 Speaker 1: shipwreck sites and followed it up with an extensive underwater 383 00:21:12,560 --> 00:21:15,760 Speaker 1: survey of thirty shipwrecks along a three mile stretch of 384 00:21:15,840 --> 00:21:19,679 Speaker 1: seafloor near the east end. She identified one site as 385 00:21:19,720 --> 00:21:22,600 Speaker 1: the probable Convert and a collection of others that are 386 00:21:22,680 --> 00:21:25,399 Speaker 1: probably some of the merchant ships. And she found some 387 00:21:25,520 --> 00:21:28,800 Speaker 1: other previously unknown shipwrecks sites from the nineteenth and twentieth 388 00:21:28,840 --> 00:21:32,720 Speaker 1: centuries in the process. So while looking for these additional 389 00:21:32,840 --> 00:21:36,320 Speaker 1: history was unearthed. That happened, and when we were saying that, 390 00:21:36,400 --> 00:21:38,480 Speaker 1: you know that the ocean around the Cayman Islands is 391 00:21:38,520 --> 00:21:43,240 Speaker 1: full of shipwrecks. Thirty shipwrecks along a three mile stretch. Yeah, 392 00:21:43,920 --> 00:21:46,919 Speaker 1: a lot of shipwrecks. Is That's one of the reasons 393 00:21:46,960 --> 00:21:49,880 Speaker 1: why if you go on vacation to the Cayman Islands, 394 00:21:49,960 --> 00:21:53,119 Speaker 1: one of the things that will be advertised is uh 395 00:21:53,480 --> 00:21:58,240 Speaker 1: like snorkeling and scuba diving in shipwrecks. Glass bottom boat 396 00:21:58,320 --> 00:22:01,280 Speaker 1: rides to like a shipwrecks. There's a lot of shipwrecks. 397 00:22:01,280 --> 00:22:04,800 Speaker 1: Are an industry shipwrecked tourism, in addition to hiding your 398 00:22:04,840 --> 00:22:21,400 Speaker 1: money from from from taxas. A couple of legends grew 399 00:22:21,520 --> 00:22:24,800 Speaker 1: out of this shipwreck and have persisted until today. One 400 00:22:25,040 --> 00:22:27,399 Speaker 1: is that in the years after the wreck of the 401 00:22:27,480 --> 00:22:32,000 Speaker 1: Tin Sale, fashion completely changed on the island as locals 402 00:22:32,119 --> 00:22:35,040 Speaker 1: retrieved bolts of identical cloth from the wreckage and then 403 00:22:35,160 --> 00:22:37,280 Speaker 1: used them to make their own clothing. I love that. 404 00:22:37,800 --> 00:22:41,400 Speaker 1: I thought you might as that mentioned textiles. The other 405 00:22:42,000 --> 00:22:44,520 Speaker 1: legend is that there was a prince or another dignitary 406 00:22:44,640 --> 00:22:47,439 Speaker 1: aboard one of the ships, and George the Third declared 407 00:22:47,480 --> 00:22:50,120 Speaker 1: the islands to be free from taxes and conscription out 408 00:22:50,160 --> 00:22:54,200 Speaker 1: of gratitude. And this is almost certainly made up story. Yeah, 409 00:22:54,280 --> 00:22:56,880 Speaker 1: it's much more likely that there there were so few 410 00:22:57,040 --> 00:23:00,399 Speaker 1: people in the Cayman Islands for so many years that 411 00:23:00,560 --> 00:23:03,399 Speaker 1: it wasn't they were not really making any kind of 412 00:23:03,520 --> 00:23:07,600 Speaker 1: income for a long time. Probably kind of grew from there. 413 00:23:08,119 --> 00:23:11,320 Speaker 1: Queen Elizabeth the second visited the island and unveiled a 414 00:23:11,359 --> 00:23:18,600 Speaker 1: commemorative park in for anniversary of the massive shipwreck, and 415 00:23:18,720 --> 00:23:21,840 Speaker 1: that is the story. That's a lot of ships, so 416 00:23:22,000 --> 00:23:24,080 Speaker 1: many ships well, and it's one of those things where 417 00:23:24,119 --> 00:23:27,280 Speaker 1: it's the wreck of ten Sale, but there were so 418 00:23:27,400 --> 00:23:32,080 Speaker 1: many other ships involved. Yeah, because of this giant convoy 419 00:23:32,320 --> 00:23:35,400 Speaker 1: that when you think about how many people were kind 420 00:23:35,440 --> 00:23:37,760 Speaker 1: of there at the nexus point all at once while 421 00:23:37,760 --> 00:23:42,160 Speaker 1: it was going down late in the night. I got 422 00:23:42,280 --> 00:23:46,160 Speaker 1: this this book that was put out by the Cayman 423 00:23:46,200 --> 00:23:50,560 Speaker 1: Islands National Archive and Cayman Free Press Um that collects 424 00:23:51,160 --> 00:23:54,280 Speaker 1: reproductions of all these historical documents about the wreck. And 425 00:23:54,440 --> 00:23:58,719 Speaker 1: you can hear Captain Lawford's exasperation when he's like writing 426 00:23:58,760 --> 00:24:02,720 Speaker 1: out his his descriptions of what happened, of like if 427 00:24:02,880 --> 00:24:06,600 Speaker 1: only these stupid merchant ships had just stayed behind me 428 00:24:06,840 --> 00:24:09,480 Speaker 1: like they were supposed to, instead of me having to 429 00:24:09,560 --> 00:24:12,560 Speaker 1: babysit them like a bunch of little children, none of 430 00:24:12,640 --> 00:24:15,520 Speaker 1: this would have happened. Well, I also have a question 431 00:24:15,600 --> 00:24:18,359 Speaker 1: that's like, how did no one notice? I have that 432 00:24:18,520 --> 00:24:22,160 Speaker 1: question also, and that was not satisfactorily answered. And any 433 00:24:22,280 --> 00:24:24,800 Speaker 1: of the research that I did of like how nobody 434 00:24:25,000 --> 00:24:27,359 Speaker 1: I feel like Papa, well maybe should have taken some 435 00:24:27,520 --> 00:24:31,880 Speaker 1: blame because wasn't he on Yeah he was damned while 436 00:24:32,000 --> 00:24:35,680 Speaker 1: that was happening. Yes, what was he doing? Maybe he 437 00:24:35,840 --> 00:24:39,439 Speaker 1: was napping, But even so, there would have been other 438 00:24:39,480 --> 00:24:41,280 Speaker 1: people on deck two. That is the weirdest part of 439 00:24:41,320 --> 00:24:45,240 Speaker 1: this whole story is like how at least nine ships 440 00:24:45,320 --> 00:24:50,320 Speaker 1: got ahead of them and wrecked without anyone noticing that 441 00:24:50,400 --> 00:24:53,879 Speaker 1: anyone was ahead of them. I mean, it was a 442 00:24:53,920 --> 00:24:56,960 Speaker 1: dark night, but that does seem a little It seems 443 00:24:56,960 --> 00:24:58,960 Speaker 1: like a lot. That seems like a lot of ships 444 00:24:59,040 --> 00:25:01,200 Speaker 1: to pass you in the night without you noticing. Yeah, 445 00:25:01,880 --> 00:25:11,640 Speaker 1: so anyway, Wreck of the Fans sail thanks to my vacation. Hey, 446 00:25:11,920 --> 00:25:15,359 Speaker 1: since uh these episodes that we're sharing on our past classics, 447 00:25:15,760 --> 00:25:19,359 Speaker 1: we have some updated information that will supersede the contact 448 00:25:19,359 --> 00:25:21,520 Speaker 1: stuff you've heard before. If you want to email us, 449 00:25:21,600 --> 00:25:24,760 Speaker 1: our email address is History Podcast at how Stuff Works 450 00:25:24,800 --> 00:25:27,280 Speaker 1: dot com, and you can find us across the spectrum 451 00:25:27,320 --> 00:25:30,200 Speaker 1: of social media as Missed in History. You can also 452 00:25:30,240 --> 00:25:32,600 Speaker 1: find us at Missed in History dot com, and you 453 00:25:32,640 --> 00:25:35,399 Speaker 1: can visit our parent company, how stuff Works, at how 454 00:25:35,480 --> 00:25:43,960 Speaker 1: stuff works dot com. For more on this and thousands 455 00:25:44,000 --> 00:25:46,320 Speaker 1: of other topics, visit how staff works dot com.