1 00:00:00,680 --> 00:00:02,759 Speaker 1: All right, everyone, Charles W. Chuck Bryant. 2 00:00:02,759 --> 00:00:06,920 Speaker 2: Here on a wonderful sunny Saturday afternoon, everywhere I can 3 00:00:06,960 --> 00:00:09,440 Speaker 2: forecast into the future and guarantee that wherever you are 4 00:00:09,520 --> 00:00:12,840 Speaker 2: right now, it is a lovely, wonderful Saturday afternoon. This 5 00:00:12,880 --> 00:00:15,840 Speaker 2: one harkens back to June fourth, twenty fifteen, which was 6 00:00:15,960 --> 00:00:19,239 Speaker 2: also a lovely sunny day, but probably just a Tuesday 7 00:00:19,320 --> 00:00:22,200 Speaker 2: or a Thursday. This one is how ocean currents work, 8 00:00:22,800 --> 00:00:24,400 Speaker 2: and it was super fascinating. 9 00:00:24,680 --> 00:00:25,959 Speaker 1: Never knew anything about. 10 00:00:25,680 --> 00:00:31,760 Speaker 2: It, and now I do, and now you do too. 11 00:00:32,760 --> 00:00:42,400 Speaker 3: Welcome to Stuff You Should Know. A production of iHeartRadio. Hey, 12 00:00:42,440 --> 00:00:45,600 Speaker 3: and welcome to the podcast. I'm Josh Clark with Charles W. 13 00:00:45,720 --> 00:00:48,920 Speaker 3: Chuck Bryant, and Jerry And this is stuff you should know, 14 00:00:50,520 --> 00:00:52,360 Speaker 3: the one about ocean currents. 15 00:00:53,400 --> 00:00:56,720 Speaker 1: We should start titling our episodes like Friends did. 16 00:00:57,000 --> 00:01:00,720 Speaker 3: Yeah, the one where Ross talks about ocean current Yeah, the. 17 00:01:00,680 --> 00:01:02,560 Speaker 1: One where Chuck's eyes glazed over. 18 00:01:03,080 --> 00:01:06,280 Speaker 3: I love this stuff, man, Yeah, Like Earth's science really 19 00:01:06,319 --> 00:01:10,600 Speaker 3: gets me jazzed. That's good, it really does. Like it's 20 00:01:10,680 --> 00:01:13,560 Speaker 3: so like it's very detailed. 21 00:01:13,840 --> 00:01:15,960 Speaker 1: Yeah, there's a lot to it. 22 00:01:15,959 --> 00:01:21,319 Speaker 3: It's often oversimplified, but it's also very understandable, and when 23 00:01:21,400 --> 00:01:24,360 Speaker 3: you really like learn about it, you realize what an 24 00:01:24,400 --> 00:01:28,000 Speaker 3: elegant system the whole thing is. Sure, maybe not necessarily 25 00:01:28,000 --> 00:01:32,000 Speaker 3: a living organism, but I could see how someone would 26 00:01:32,080 --> 00:01:33,119 Speaker 3: characterize it as such. 27 00:01:33,280 --> 00:01:35,800 Speaker 1: Yeah, I like that. It's good intro. 28 00:01:36,600 --> 00:01:37,319 Speaker 3: That's what I got. 29 00:01:38,880 --> 00:01:42,559 Speaker 2: So, yes, title ocean currents, well, not title, that's part 30 00:01:42,560 --> 00:01:43,360 Speaker 2: of the ocean currency. 31 00:01:43,400 --> 00:01:46,400 Speaker 3: It's a type of current. Yeah, it's under the current umbrella. 32 00:01:46,520 --> 00:01:48,840 Speaker 1: I've misspoken in the first ten seconds. 33 00:01:48,920 --> 00:01:52,280 Speaker 3: I think it's funny that in this article the word 34 00:01:52,400 --> 00:01:56,360 Speaker 3: current refers to the motion of water when speaking of water. 35 00:01:57,680 --> 00:01:58,440 Speaker 1: Is that what it says? 36 00:01:58,600 --> 00:02:02,720 Speaker 2: Yeah, speaking of water. Yea, the word current refers to 37 00:02:02,760 --> 00:02:03,680 Speaker 2: the motion of the water. 38 00:02:03,840 --> 00:02:04,200 Speaker 3: Yeah. 39 00:02:04,280 --> 00:02:07,080 Speaker 1: Yeah, that was a little clumsy Miriam's defines. 40 00:02:07,480 --> 00:02:11,800 Speaker 2: Yeah, well, this is about ocean currents. There are all 41 00:02:11,880 --> 00:02:16,040 Speaker 2: kinds of currents, river currents, yeah, you know, there's currents 42 00:02:16,040 --> 00:02:19,080 Speaker 2: in marshes and swamps and currents all over the place. 43 00:02:19,560 --> 00:02:21,200 Speaker 1: But this is about ocean currents. 44 00:02:21,320 --> 00:02:24,239 Speaker 3: Yeah, as long as water's not stagnant, there's currents present. 45 00:02:24,560 --> 00:02:24,720 Speaker 1: Yeah. 46 00:02:24,800 --> 00:02:28,560 Speaker 2: If it's stagnant, it's bad news. Jack mosquitoes disease. 47 00:02:28,680 --> 00:02:32,000 Speaker 3: Sure, but then again, junk you can make the case 48 00:02:32,040 --> 00:02:35,040 Speaker 3: that if it's not stagnant, if there's a current, it'll 49 00:02:35,040 --> 00:02:37,920 Speaker 3: carry your car away in the blink of an eye. 50 00:02:38,320 --> 00:02:39,440 Speaker 3: Don't even think about it. 51 00:02:39,480 --> 00:02:42,200 Speaker 2: Boy, did you see the photos of the Downtown Connector 52 00:02:42,200 --> 00:02:45,400 Speaker 2: the other day in Atlanta when it flooded. No, apparently 53 00:02:45,400 --> 00:02:49,120 Speaker 2: the storm drains backed up in the downtown Connector of 54 00:02:49,160 --> 00:02:50,560 Speaker 2: Atlanta was a lake. 55 00:02:51,160 --> 00:02:53,280 Speaker 1: Wow, Like it literally stopped traffic. 56 00:02:54,080 --> 00:02:57,120 Speaker 3: I can believe that. Yeah, people in Atlanta don't know 57 00:02:57,120 --> 00:02:58,720 Speaker 3: how to drive in the rain to begin with. 58 00:02:59,200 --> 00:03:02,919 Speaker 2: Oh, I don't know about that really. Yeah, that's all 59 00:03:02,919 --> 00:03:05,080 Speaker 2: we do is driving the rain. Man, people in La 60 00:03:05,160 --> 00:03:06,160 Speaker 2: don't drive in the rain. 61 00:03:06,240 --> 00:03:09,800 Speaker 3: Seems to me like everybody's brain just drops a couple 62 00:03:09,840 --> 00:03:13,120 Speaker 3: of years when rain starts, and everyone starts like bumping 63 00:03:13,120 --> 00:03:15,800 Speaker 3: into everybody else and like driving it two miles an 64 00:03:15,840 --> 00:03:16,760 Speaker 3: hour and. 65 00:03:16,639 --> 00:03:19,400 Speaker 1: You just like pedal through the metal. Yeah, what's different? 66 00:03:19,480 --> 00:03:22,320 Speaker 3: All the time? I got good tires. 67 00:03:23,040 --> 00:03:25,120 Speaker 1: Yeah, looks as you like tire stores. 68 00:03:26,639 --> 00:03:28,919 Speaker 3: I don't like tires stores, but I'm willing to spend 69 00:03:28,960 --> 00:03:31,000 Speaker 3: time there to get good tires. 70 00:03:31,160 --> 00:03:31,520 Speaker 1: Yeah. 71 00:03:31,639 --> 00:03:36,120 Speaker 3: That move water away from my car so I can 72 00:03:36,640 --> 00:03:38,440 Speaker 3: drive really fast no matter what the weather. 73 00:03:38,960 --> 00:03:40,520 Speaker 1: You should start your retireble on. 74 00:03:40,840 --> 00:03:44,119 Speaker 3: I want to point out Jerry just sighed heavily at 75 00:03:44,120 --> 00:03:44,840 Speaker 3: this tangent. 76 00:03:45,440 --> 00:03:50,000 Speaker 2: I think your retirement business should be Josh's Tire House Emporium. Yeah, 77 00:03:50,080 --> 00:03:52,320 Speaker 2: and then have a really sweet setup. We'd be like 78 00:03:52,480 --> 00:03:54,920 Speaker 2: buying tires here is like no place else on earth. 79 00:03:55,160 --> 00:03:57,800 Speaker 1: Oh yeah, you got Wi Fi. You got a coffee machine. 80 00:03:58,040 --> 00:03:58,760 Speaker 3: Well there's coffee. 81 00:03:59,040 --> 00:04:00,720 Speaker 1: Well, no, I mean resta. 82 00:04:00,840 --> 00:04:03,080 Speaker 2: Oh gotcha, like a you know, a little mini Starbucks 83 00:04:03,160 --> 00:04:07,200 Speaker 2: right there in your tires. Sure, games have icebreakers, meet 84 00:04:07,240 --> 00:04:07,720 Speaker 2: and greets. 85 00:04:07,920 --> 00:04:10,040 Speaker 3: Yeah, I could serve icebreakers, gum too. 86 00:04:10,280 --> 00:04:11,600 Speaker 1: You have tender tender day. 87 00:04:12,200 --> 00:04:15,440 Speaker 3: Okay, you know else, I don't know, that's all I got. 88 00:04:15,440 --> 00:04:16,920 Speaker 3: Aroma therapy would be good. 89 00:04:17,040 --> 00:04:18,880 Speaker 1: Yeah, it would be a big one massage. 90 00:04:19,000 --> 00:04:22,960 Speaker 3: Yeah, all right, that's my it's my plan. B all right, 91 00:04:23,600 --> 00:04:26,200 Speaker 3: Josh's tire Warehouse and Porium, I think is what we 92 00:04:26,240 --> 00:04:26,640 Speaker 3: came up with. 93 00:04:26,800 --> 00:04:30,239 Speaker 2: Sure, Josh's big House of tires or house of big tires. 94 00:04:31,160 --> 00:04:35,480 Speaker 3: Okay, So ocean currents, we're back to it. So one 95 00:04:35,520 --> 00:04:39,040 Speaker 3: of the things that I did not realize, Chuck, when 96 00:04:39,120 --> 00:04:43,760 Speaker 3: researching this is that ocean currents they're they're old, but 97 00:04:44,160 --> 00:04:47,719 Speaker 3: there they aren't permanent. They haven't always been around. Yeah, 98 00:04:47,960 --> 00:04:50,680 Speaker 3: currents change, you know, some currents have been at it 99 00:04:50,680 --> 00:04:54,279 Speaker 3: for thousands and thousands of years. Other currents change months 100 00:04:54,320 --> 00:04:57,720 Speaker 3: and month. They're very fickle in some cases. But there 101 00:04:57,720 --> 00:05:00,920 Speaker 3: are some really ancient currents, some ancient ocean currents out 102 00:05:00,920 --> 00:05:05,120 Speaker 3: there that are very old and have been this way since, 103 00:05:05,200 --> 00:05:10,000 Speaker 3: say like like the Gulf Stream has been around for 104 00:05:10,240 --> 00:05:15,000 Speaker 3: about five million years, ever since the Isthmus of Panama. Yeah, 105 00:05:15,560 --> 00:05:16,799 Speaker 3: pretty cool stuff, huh. 106 00:05:16,920 --> 00:05:17,120 Speaker 1: Yeah. 107 00:05:17,160 --> 00:05:20,080 Speaker 2: I think what I found the most interesting was that 108 00:05:20,839 --> 00:05:24,840 Speaker 2: ocean currents they have a purpose. You know, it's not 109 00:05:24,960 --> 00:05:28,080 Speaker 2: just like water moving around willy nilly. You know, if 110 00:05:28,080 --> 00:05:30,279 Speaker 2: it wasn't for ocean currents, there would be no life 111 00:05:30,320 --> 00:05:34,240 Speaker 2: in Antarctica. Well maybe not all of Antarctica, but no 112 00:05:34,440 --> 00:05:35,479 Speaker 2: ocean marine life. 113 00:05:36,040 --> 00:05:37,040 Speaker 1: They make that possible. 114 00:05:37,240 --> 00:05:40,360 Speaker 3: But that's an important point. Like if there's no ocean 115 00:05:40,360 --> 00:05:45,360 Speaker 3: marine life, then there's no like say there's no fido plankton. Sure, 116 00:05:45,440 --> 00:05:48,640 Speaker 3: there's no fital plankton. There's no fishies eating the fyto plankton. 117 00:05:48,920 --> 00:05:51,600 Speaker 3: There's no fishies around to eat the fyto plankton. There's 118 00:05:51,600 --> 00:05:54,440 Speaker 3: no seals to eat the fishies. If there's no seals, 119 00:05:54,880 --> 00:06:02,560 Speaker 3: like everything finds its support, its basis in that ocean life. Absolutely, 120 00:06:02,600 --> 00:06:04,159 Speaker 3: that's all supported by the currents. 121 00:06:04,200 --> 00:06:04,680 Speaker 1: That's right. 122 00:06:04,960 --> 00:06:08,160 Speaker 3: So the fact that as purpose, it's very teleological of you, chuck, 123 00:06:08,320 --> 00:06:11,080 Speaker 3: thank you. So let's not put this off any longer. 124 00:06:11,160 --> 00:06:13,080 Speaker 3: Let's talk about different types of currents. 125 00:06:13,480 --> 00:06:15,159 Speaker 1: You can't talk about tire stores anymore. 126 00:06:15,560 --> 00:06:17,960 Speaker 3: No, Okay, we're done with the tire stores. Like I 127 00:06:17,960 --> 00:06:20,839 Speaker 3: started to get nauseated just talking that much about tire stores. 128 00:06:20,920 --> 00:06:23,120 Speaker 1: Oh really, all right, I don't feel good. 129 00:06:23,240 --> 00:06:26,200 Speaker 2: Well let's start with surface currents then, buddy, I'll bring 130 00:06:26,240 --> 00:06:30,400 Speaker 2: you back to the ocean. Earth science, your home, Earth 131 00:06:30,440 --> 00:06:35,120 Speaker 2: sciences that you love. Surface currents occur about three to 132 00:06:35,160 --> 00:06:38,280 Speaker 2: four hundred meters deep and above. 133 00:06:39,839 --> 00:06:39,880 Speaker 3: That. 134 00:06:40,000 --> 00:06:41,280 Speaker 1: Yeah, they're called surface. 135 00:06:40,920 --> 00:06:42,800 Speaker 3: Currents, right, and they're driven by the wind. 136 00:06:43,200 --> 00:06:43,440 Speaker 1: Yeah. 137 00:06:43,600 --> 00:06:45,640 Speaker 2: They make up for about ten percent of the ocean. 138 00:06:46,360 --> 00:06:49,239 Speaker 2: And if you've ever gone to the beach, you've seen 139 00:06:49,800 --> 00:06:50,679 Speaker 2: coastal currents. 140 00:06:51,760 --> 00:06:54,440 Speaker 1: Surface currents. There's a couple of types. Coastal is one 141 00:06:54,480 --> 00:06:54,640 Speaker 1: of them. 142 00:06:54,640 --> 00:06:57,279 Speaker 2: You've seen them in action, right, like playing in the 143 00:06:57,320 --> 00:07:00,440 Speaker 2: sand as a little kid or as an adult. You're 144 00:07:00,440 --> 00:07:03,080 Speaker 2: seeing coastal surface currents at work. 145 00:07:03,240 --> 00:07:03,360 Speaker 1: Right. 146 00:07:03,960 --> 00:07:08,640 Speaker 3: So let's step back one more degree. So service. Currents 147 00:07:08,960 --> 00:07:11,240 Speaker 3: are created by wave. 148 00:07:10,960 --> 00:07:12,160 Speaker 1: Action, that's right. 149 00:07:12,360 --> 00:07:15,920 Speaker 3: Especially coastal currents are created by wave action, which is 150 00:07:15,960 --> 00:07:19,440 Speaker 3: created by wind. Waves are created by wind. And you 151 00:07:19,480 --> 00:07:22,840 Speaker 3: know Buckminster Fuller, the inventor of the geodesic dome, among 152 00:07:22,920 --> 00:07:26,200 Speaker 3: other great things. Sure he was the person who pointed 153 00:07:26,200 --> 00:07:29,640 Speaker 3: out that the wind doesn't blow, the wind sucks. That's 154 00:07:29,640 --> 00:07:34,560 Speaker 3: a good point, right, So and so if coastal currents 155 00:07:34,600 --> 00:07:38,360 Speaker 3: begin with waves, waves begin with wind. Wind begins with 156 00:07:38,440 --> 00:07:42,160 Speaker 3: heat because at the equator you have a lot of 157 00:07:42,440 --> 00:07:46,080 Speaker 3: sunshine all year round and it's very warm, as anyone 158 00:07:46,120 --> 00:07:50,920 Speaker 3: who's been near the equator can attest. And that heat 159 00:07:51,200 --> 00:07:53,960 Speaker 3: heats up air. And as the air heats up, it 160 00:07:54,000 --> 00:07:56,800 Speaker 3: moves away from the equator. It's like, I gotta go 161 00:07:56,880 --> 00:08:00,400 Speaker 3: cool off. It moves towards the poles north end south 162 00:08:00,720 --> 00:08:03,400 Speaker 3: and as it moves toward the poles, it cools down 163 00:08:03,680 --> 00:08:05,960 Speaker 3: and turns. Background is like I need to heap back 164 00:08:06,000 --> 00:08:08,600 Speaker 3: up at the equator. Yeah, right, And as a result 165 00:08:08,640 --> 00:08:11,560 Speaker 3: of this, you have wind. And this wind, yeah, pushes 166 00:08:11,600 --> 00:08:14,040 Speaker 3: on the surface of the water, transfers some of its 167 00:08:14,120 --> 00:08:17,240 Speaker 3: energy in the form of friction to the water surface, 168 00:08:17,520 --> 00:08:20,400 Speaker 3: and creates waves. And those waves transfer the energy to 169 00:08:20,400 --> 00:08:23,000 Speaker 3: the shoreline, and when they come in in an angle, 170 00:08:23,480 --> 00:08:25,480 Speaker 3: that's when you get that coastal current. Right. 171 00:08:25,920 --> 00:08:28,200 Speaker 2: Yeah, Like if you've again, if you've ever been to 172 00:08:28,240 --> 00:08:30,640 Speaker 2: the beach and you see the tide or the waves 173 00:08:30,680 --> 00:08:34,360 Speaker 2: coming in at that angle, and you see it moving 174 00:08:35,280 --> 00:08:37,840 Speaker 2: with the beach, Like if you've ever been out playing 175 00:08:37,880 --> 00:08:40,760 Speaker 2: on like a raft as a little kid, you look 176 00:08:40,840 --> 00:08:43,160 Speaker 2: up an hour later and your parents are like half 177 00:08:43,200 --> 00:08:44,800 Speaker 2: a mile down the beach from where you start, right. 178 00:08:45,160 --> 00:08:47,080 Speaker 2: It's a bit of a panicky situation. 179 00:08:46,920 --> 00:08:49,360 Speaker 3: It is. And also you're like, what kind of parents 180 00:08:49,360 --> 00:08:50,959 Speaker 3: do I have that they just let me drift half 181 00:08:51,000 --> 00:08:51,400 Speaker 3: a mile? 182 00:08:51,559 --> 00:08:53,480 Speaker 1: Yeah, you know, they're passed out in the sand at 183 00:08:53,480 --> 00:08:53,840 Speaker 1: that point. 184 00:08:54,040 --> 00:08:54,800 Speaker 3: Yeah. 185 00:08:54,880 --> 00:08:55,959 Speaker 1: So that is called. 186 00:08:55,679 --> 00:08:59,600 Speaker 2: When a wave breaks on the beach at that angle, 187 00:09:00,040 --> 00:09:03,000 Speaker 2: it's gonna pull sediment and sand and water down in 188 00:09:03,040 --> 00:09:06,520 Speaker 2: what's known as a long shore current. That is it's 189 00:09:06,559 --> 00:09:10,200 Speaker 2: directed off parallel, also perpendicular, but the parallel movement is 190 00:09:10,200 --> 00:09:12,000 Speaker 2: the long shore current. 191 00:09:12,160 --> 00:09:13,959 Speaker 3: Yeah. It's like when a wave comes in in an 192 00:09:14,000 --> 00:09:17,280 Speaker 3: angle to the shore, Yep, it distributes its energy, part 193 00:09:17,280 --> 00:09:19,560 Speaker 3: of it directly onto the shore, part of it parallel 194 00:09:19,600 --> 00:09:22,760 Speaker 3: to the shore. That's that long short current, like you said, 195 00:09:22,960 --> 00:09:25,000 Speaker 3: and one of the things that it does you also said, 196 00:09:25,400 --> 00:09:28,239 Speaker 3: is it takes that sand and other stuff and deposits 197 00:09:28,280 --> 00:09:32,120 Speaker 3: it elsewhere further down and along the way. It creates 198 00:09:32,200 --> 00:09:36,600 Speaker 3: things like barrier islands and sand bars and all that stuff. 199 00:09:36,640 --> 00:09:41,720 Speaker 3: And that's ever shifting, ever moving, eroding and depositing of 200 00:09:41,800 --> 00:09:47,200 Speaker 3: sand and sediment, and those little underwater and sometimes above 201 00:09:47,280 --> 00:09:52,079 Speaker 3: water deposits create other types of current, specifically a riptide current. 202 00:09:52,760 --> 00:09:54,840 Speaker 1: Yeah, that's the long shore drift. 203 00:09:54,880 --> 00:09:58,480 Speaker 2: And like, if you've ever seen like the beach curve 204 00:09:58,600 --> 00:10:02,720 Speaker 2: back end pretty hard. The water can't make that turn really, 205 00:10:02,800 --> 00:10:05,800 Speaker 2: so it's just gonna deposit stuff and sort of drop 206 00:10:05,840 --> 00:10:07,760 Speaker 2: it off there at the end of that point, and 207 00:10:07,840 --> 00:10:09,959 Speaker 2: it'll build up in what's known as a. 208 00:10:09,920 --> 00:10:16,200 Speaker 3: Spit, right, And so yeah, all those obstructions, all of 209 00:10:16,200 --> 00:10:20,240 Speaker 3: those deposits form obstructions for waves when they're going back out. 210 00:10:20,320 --> 00:10:23,200 Speaker 3: Once they transfer their energy, they're like, oh, I'm pretty 211 00:10:23,200 --> 00:10:25,640 Speaker 3: far inland. I need to get back out the ocean. 212 00:10:26,240 --> 00:10:31,200 Speaker 3: And so it backs up right, and as it does, 213 00:10:31,360 --> 00:10:36,040 Speaker 3: it encounters these underwater barriers that it itself have deposited. 214 00:10:36,600 --> 00:10:40,000 Speaker 3: It's kind of a big ironic moment, and so it 215 00:10:40,040 --> 00:10:41,800 Speaker 3: can't get back out to see as fast as it 216 00:10:41,880 --> 00:10:45,280 Speaker 3: wants because it's running in these obstructions. And when there's 217 00:10:45,320 --> 00:10:48,200 Speaker 3: like a break in the obstruction, like a sandbar or 218 00:10:48,200 --> 00:10:51,040 Speaker 3: something like that, a break in the sandbar, it provides 219 00:10:51,040 --> 00:10:53,880 Speaker 3: a natural funnel and that creates a riptide current. 220 00:10:54,280 --> 00:10:56,800 Speaker 2: Yeah, like, hey, look at that little narrow channel. I'm 221 00:10:56,800 --> 00:10:59,600 Speaker 2: gonna take all this water that would normally just flow 222 00:10:59,600 --> 00:11:01,560 Speaker 2: out and I and easy, I'm going to send it 223 00:11:01,600 --> 00:11:05,280 Speaker 2: through there, and I'm gonna grab your little kid and 224 00:11:05,480 --> 00:11:06,520 Speaker 2: take it, take them. 225 00:11:06,440 --> 00:11:10,040 Speaker 3: With me, right this It creates basically suction, just like 226 00:11:10,120 --> 00:11:12,400 Speaker 3: when you open a drain in a bathtub and it 227 00:11:12,440 --> 00:11:15,160 Speaker 3: starts to drain, it drains pretty quick. 228 00:11:15,240 --> 00:11:18,120 Speaker 2: Yeah, it's dangerous, like that's how you drown when you're 229 00:11:18,120 --> 00:11:18,960 Speaker 2: swimming in the ocean. 230 00:11:19,160 --> 00:11:19,280 Speaker 3: Right. 231 00:11:19,320 --> 00:11:22,840 Speaker 2: You hear about strong rip currents and inclement weather, and 232 00:11:23,240 --> 00:11:26,440 Speaker 2: it's no joke. Even really good swimmers can get caught 233 00:11:26,440 --> 00:11:28,680 Speaker 2: in a rip. Oh yeah, And it's bad news. 234 00:11:28,520 --> 00:11:32,720 Speaker 3: Riptide, very bad news. Yeah. And then there's some other 235 00:11:33,480 --> 00:11:36,600 Speaker 3: currents that are created that don't just occur at the 236 00:11:36,760 --> 00:11:39,720 Speaker 3: at the shore, but they do. They occur in the 237 00:11:39,720 --> 00:11:43,360 Speaker 3: ocean and at the shore. Yeah, there's this thing called upwelling. Yeah, 238 00:11:43,480 --> 00:11:46,680 Speaker 3: like this stuff and upwelling can happen in a few 239 00:11:46,679 --> 00:11:50,120 Speaker 3: different ways, but as far as the coast is concerned, 240 00:11:50,200 --> 00:11:54,720 Speaker 3: when wind comes in and it basically blows water away 241 00:11:54,960 --> 00:11:57,720 Speaker 3: from an area, yeah, like from the shore, right, water 242 00:11:57,840 --> 00:12:00,240 Speaker 3: likes to try to even itself out. So it's some 243 00:12:00,280 --> 00:12:04,920 Speaker 3: water's blown away from the surface, the stuff that's below it, 244 00:12:05,000 --> 00:12:09,120 Speaker 3: the deeper water will come up and basically replace it. Yeah, 245 00:12:09,160 --> 00:12:10,040 Speaker 3: and that's upwelling. 246 00:12:10,120 --> 00:12:10,320 Speaker 1: Yeah. 247 00:12:10,360 --> 00:12:13,200 Speaker 2: It's another like what strikes me when you look at 248 00:12:13,200 --> 00:12:16,800 Speaker 2: wind and all these currents, everything is circular almost. 249 00:12:16,240 --> 00:12:18,040 Speaker 1: Right, so a lot of spinning going on. 250 00:12:18,280 --> 00:12:23,280 Speaker 3: Yeah, there's a really distinct relationship between wind and water. 251 00:12:23,320 --> 00:12:26,840 Speaker 3: It's inseparable, especially when you're talking about global winds and 252 00:12:26,920 --> 00:12:30,200 Speaker 3: currents together, right, Yeah, but both of them are broken 253 00:12:30,240 --> 00:12:33,640 Speaker 3: down to fluid dynamics, and they do form these circles 254 00:12:33,679 --> 00:12:37,600 Speaker 3: and cycles and clockwise motions and counterclockwise motions depending on 255 00:12:37,640 --> 00:12:38,679 Speaker 3: where you are in the world. 256 00:12:39,000 --> 00:12:40,960 Speaker 2: Yeah, And in the case of upwelling and down welling, 257 00:12:41,080 --> 00:12:44,520 Speaker 2: it's not a horizontal spin, but it is a vertical 258 00:12:45,960 --> 00:12:48,240 Speaker 2: from top to bottom and then from bottom back up 259 00:12:48,240 --> 00:12:48,680 Speaker 2: to the top. 260 00:12:48,960 --> 00:12:52,360 Speaker 3: Yeah, and you want to talk about that was which one. 261 00:12:52,880 --> 00:12:56,520 Speaker 2: Well both, it's the same pattern from top to bottom 262 00:12:56,520 --> 00:12:58,520 Speaker 2: and bottom to top with upwelling and down welling. 263 00:12:58,679 --> 00:13:01,400 Speaker 3: Right. And the whole thing about upwelling and down welling, 264 00:13:01,440 --> 00:13:04,880 Speaker 3: whether it's at the shore or in the ocean, is 265 00:13:04,920 --> 00:13:09,679 Speaker 3: that the ocean is kind of It's not like if 266 00:13:09,720 --> 00:13:11,920 Speaker 3: you take a slice of ocean at the top and 267 00:13:11,920 --> 00:13:14,040 Speaker 3: you take a slice of ocean at the bottom, very 268 00:13:14,080 --> 00:13:16,400 Speaker 3: different and you look at them, yeah, under a microscope 269 00:13:16,640 --> 00:13:20,040 Speaker 3: or test them for whatever, you know, using some sort 270 00:13:20,080 --> 00:13:25,000 Speaker 3: of spectroscope, maybe some sort of oscillate or glavin or 271 00:13:25,040 --> 00:13:27,719 Speaker 3: something like that, or just look at it. Yeah, you're 272 00:13:27,760 --> 00:13:30,880 Speaker 3: going to find that there's it's like two different types 273 00:13:30,880 --> 00:13:33,240 Speaker 3: of water, even though it's from the same part. It's 274 00:13:33,240 --> 00:13:36,320 Speaker 3: from the same section of ocean, right, Yeah, And the 275 00:13:36,360 --> 00:13:39,040 Speaker 3: stuff at the top is going to be very oxygen rich. 276 00:13:39,640 --> 00:13:42,320 Speaker 3: There's going to be a lot of life, vital plant 277 00:13:42,360 --> 00:13:45,200 Speaker 3: and that kind of stuff, but not too many nutrients. 278 00:13:45,280 --> 00:13:47,480 Speaker 3: The stuff at the bottom is going to be lousy 279 00:13:47,520 --> 00:13:50,480 Speaker 3: with CO two yeah, cold, yeah, very cold, and a 280 00:13:50,520 --> 00:13:54,680 Speaker 3: lot of nutrients. Right, And when both of these things 281 00:13:54,679 --> 00:13:58,839 Speaker 3: are needed at different spots. Yeah, So the upwelling and 282 00:13:58,880 --> 00:14:01,640 Speaker 3: the down welling creates this kind of gas exchange, in 283 00:14:01,760 --> 00:14:05,920 Speaker 3: nutrient exchange throughout the ocean, and the oxygen at the 284 00:14:05,920 --> 00:14:09,199 Speaker 3: top when it's deposited down lower. Thanks to down welling, 285 00:14:09,640 --> 00:14:13,120 Speaker 3: all of that oxygen circulates downward through the ocean and 286 00:14:13,160 --> 00:14:15,680 Speaker 3: all the fishies that need oxygen in their gills get 287 00:14:15,720 --> 00:14:16,760 Speaker 3: to breathe it in, right. 288 00:14:17,200 --> 00:14:20,720 Speaker 2: Yeah, And with upwelling, like I mentioned earlier in Antarctica 289 00:14:20,800 --> 00:14:24,560 Speaker 2: where it's super cold and you would not expect marine 290 00:14:24,560 --> 00:14:26,760 Speaker 2: life to do so well, it is because of the 291 00:14:26,840 --> 00:14:30,160 Speaker 2: upwelling that brings the nutrients from the bottom up to 292 00:14:30,200 --> 00:14:30,560 Speaker 2: the top. 293 00:14:30,720 --> 00:14:33,240 Speaker 1: Yep, and that cycle and that's called life. 294 00:14:33,640 --> 00:14:36,360 Speaker 3: And one other really neat thing about upwelling and downwelling 295 00:14:36,480 --> 00:14:39,920 Speaker 3: is the oxygen that's at the top of the ocean. 296 00:14:40,400 --> 00:14:44,000 Speaker 3: Were it to just sit there for very long and dissolve, 297 00:14:44,600 --> 00:14:46,720 Speaker 3: we would have a very big problem because all of 298 00:14:46,760 --> 00:14:51,440 Speaker 3: that life, once it dies, would decay very quickly up top. 299 00:14:51,560 --> 00:14:52,640 Speaker 1: Yeah that's not good. 300 00:14:52,520 --> 00:14:55,920 Speaker 3: No, it wouldn't because anaerobic bacteria would begin to thrive 301 00:14:56,000 --> 00:14:59,640 Speaker 3: and we'd have a overabundance of hydrogen sulfide, which would 302 00:14:59,680 --> 00:15:02,520 Speaker 3: lead to ocean acidification, which would mean the end of 303 00:15:02,560 --> 00:15:03,480 Speaker 3: the world basically. 304 00:15:03,760 --> 00:15:07,280 Speaker 2: Yeah, So that nutrient swap is very important for everybody 305 00:15:07,360 --> 00:15:07,840 Speaker 2: on the planet. 306 00:15:07,960 --> 00:15:10,960 Speaker 3: Yep. And there's this elegant solution to the oceans that 307 00:15:11,080 --> 00:15:14,640 Speaker 3: happens every day everywhere in the ocean thanks to upwelling 308 00:15:14,680 --> 00:15:15,400 Speaker 3: and downwelling. 309 00:15:16,000 --> 00:15:19,000 Speaker 2: All right, well it's a good start, my friend. My 310 00:15:19,040 --> 00:15:22,400 Speaker 2: eyes are not glazed over. Actually good, they're sharp, full 311 00:15:22,400 --> 00:15:26,040 Speaker 2: of life. We will talk after this break about some 312 00:15:26,120 --> 00:15:49,320 Speaker 2: more surface currents. All right, Josh, there's more than one 313 00:15:49,360 --> 00:15:52,360 Speaker 2: kind of surface current. We covered the I kind of 314 00:15:52,400 --> 00:15:55,560 Speaker 2: like that first part, but there's also surface ocean currents. 315 00:15:55,880 --> 00:15:56,080 Speaker 3: Yeah. 316 00:15:56,360 --> 00:16:00,840 Speaker 2: And again the wind is the big contribute to how 317 00:16:00,880 --> 00:16:05,400 Speaker 2: these babies form, and specifically, I guess we should talk 318 00:16:05,400 --> 00:16:07,080 Speaker 2: about the Coriolis effect. 319 00:16:07,440 --> 00:16:10,920 Speaker 3: Yeah, this is a this is a game changer, as 320 00:16:10,960 --> 00:16:14,080 Speaker 3: people who read self help books on airplanes would call it. Right. 321 00:16:14,120 --> 00:16:17,760 Speaker 3: So yeah, so again, it all starts with heat, and 322 00:16:17,840 --> 00:16:23,520 Speaker 3: all that heat is found in its thickest part at 323 00:16:23,520 --> 00:16:27,040 Speaker 3: the equator. And my brain is broken. So at the 324 00:16:27,080 --> 00:16:28,720 Speaker 3: equator it's the hottest, right. 325 00:16:28,880 --> 00:16:31,920 Speaker 1: That's right. And it's also also spinning faster at the 326 00:16:31,960 --> 00:16:32,960 Speaker 1: equator than at. 327 00:16:32,840 --> 00:16:36,240 Speaker 3: The poles, right it is, Okay, So it's the Earth 328 00:16:36,280 --> 00:16:40,120 Speaker 3: that is Yeah, So at the equator it's hot, it's 329 00:16:40,120 --> 00:16:43,400 Speaker 3: spinning faster because of the spin. Because of the heat. 330 00:16:43,880 --> 00:16:48,640 Speaker 3: The ocean is actually about eight centimeters high, higher here 331 00:16:49,000 --> 00:16:50,680 Speaker 3: than at the rest of the ocean. 332 00:16:50,760 --> 00:16:52,600 Speaker 1: Yeah, that's so much higher. 333 00:16:52,640 --> 00:16:55,480 Speaker 3: So there's a right, it's just enough to make water 334 00:16:55,520 --> 00:16:58,760 Speaker 3: flow away from the equator. Now, plus you've got wind 335 00:16:59,080 --> 00:17:03,040 Speaker 3: that's whipped up because hot air at the equator starts 336 00:17:03,040 --> 00:17:06,280 Speaker 3: moving northward and cools down and that creates wind. Right, 337 00:17:07,160 --> 00:17:10,040 Speaker 3: So if the Earth didn't rotate, you would still have 338 00:17:10,119 --> 00:17:13,480 Speaker 3: these things, but wind would travel in a straight line 339 00:17:13,800 --> 00:17:17,199 Speaker 3: away from the equator toward the poles, cool down and 340 00:17:17,240 --> 00:17:19,280 Speaker 3: turn around and come back in a straight line. 341 00:17:19,400 --> 00:17:20,680 Speaker 1: That's right. But that's not the case. 342 00:17:20,800 --> 00:17:24,119 Speaker 3: No, it isn't because the Earth does rotate and it 343 00:17:24,160 --> 00:17:25,840 Speaker 3: produces the Coriolis effect. 344 00:17:25,920 --> 00:17:26,720 Speaker 1: Yeah, it's like a curve. 345 00:17:26,800 --> 00:17:30,240 Speaker 2: Basically, it curves to the right and the northern hemisphere 346 00:17:30,240 --> 00:17:31,920 Speaker 2: and to the left in the southern hemisphere. 347 00:17:32,040 --> 00:17:35,760 Speaker 3: Right, So it makes wind curve, and since wind drives 348 00:17:35,800 --> 00:17:39,920 Speaker 3: surface currents, it makes surface currents curve as well. Right, 349 00:17:40,000 --> 00:17:43,680 Speaker 3: that's right. So what's really cool is the ocean has 350 00:17:43,720 --> 00:17:47,240 Speaker 3: its own topography. Oh yeah, it's definitely not flat. Anybody 351 00:17:47,240 --> 00:17:48,520 Speaker 3: who's looked at it ice, you could be like, oh, 352 00:17:48,520 --> 00:17:51,440 Speaker 3: it's pretty choppy. But if you could step back even 353 00:17:51,520 --> 00:17:56,880 Speaker 3: further and you had the right kind of topographical glasses on, 354 00:17:57,000 --> 00:18:00,639 Speaker 3: maybe yeah, you would see that there's like valleys and 355 00:18:00,640 --> 00:18:03,919 Speaker 3: and mountains, and maybe not mountains, but little tiny hills 356 00:18:03,920 --> 00:18:05,640 Speaker 3: and valleys in the ocean. 357 00:18:05,720 --> 00:18:05,960 Speaker 1: Yeah. 358 00:18:06,000 --> 00:18:08,440 Speaker 3: So, like I said, it has its own topography. And 359 00:18:08,960 --> 00:18:12,119 Speaker 3: this is created by those winds that push on the water. 360 00:18:12,480 --> 00:18:15,040 Speaker 3: And as they're pushing the water up and the Coriolis 361 00:18:15,040 --> 00:18:18,359 Speaker 3: effect is turning it, some water starts to kind of mound. 362 00:18:19,280 --> 00:18:21,520 Speaker 3: So in some parts of the ocean you have water 363 00:18:21,720 --> 00:18:24,520 Speaker 3: that forms a mound that's about like three to six 364 00:18:24,600 --> 00:18:25,320 Speaker 3: feet tall. 365 00:18:25,560 --> 00:18:30,080 Speaker 2: Yeah. It doesn't sound intuitive, No, I don't water mounting 366 00:18:30,200 --> 00:18:30,800 Speaker 2: up on itself. 367 00:18:30,880 --> 00:18:33,280 Speaker 3: You think of it as flat. Yeah, but there is 368 00:18:33,400 --> 00:18:36,840 Speaker 3: actually water that's mounded up into little hills. Yeah okay. 369 00:18:37,240 --> 00:18:40,879 Speaker 3: And so that means that gravity wants to push this 370 00:18:41,000 --> 00:18:45,520 Speaker 3: water downward, right, But it doesn't just go back down 371 00:18:45,600 --> 00:18:49,359 Speaker 3: the hill, because the Coriolis effect pushes it upward. And 372 00:18:49,440 --> 00:18:55,200 Speaker 3: the net outcome is that instead the water just says, 373 00:18:55,560 --> 00:18:58,359 Speaker 3: how about it just go around instead? Yeah, you stay 374 00:18:58,400 --> 00:19:00,240 Speaker 3: up here on the mound, you stay down here. But 375 00:19:00,480 --> 00:19:03,400 Speaker 3: I am going to just go around. And what it 376 00:19:03,440 --> 00:19:07,000 Speaker 3: does is, since a mound is roughly circular, it creates 377 00:19:07,040 --> 00:19:10,280 Speaker 3: a current that goes around these things, around these mounds. 378 00:19:10,320 --> 00:19:13,080 Speaker 3: And there's five major ones in the entire world I 379 00:19:13,160 --> 00:19:14,800 Speaker 3: know where you're headed at, and they form what are 380 00:19:14,840 --> 00:19:16,200 Speaker 3: called gyres. 381 00:19:15,800 --> 00:19:19,920 Speaker 2: That's right, g y r e s and they are 382 00:19:19,920 --> 00:19:23,720 Speaker 2: the North Atlantic, South Atlantic, North Pacific, South Pacific, and 383 00:19:23,760 --> 00:19:26,720 Speaker 2: then the Indian Ocean has its very own gyre. Yes, 384 00:19:26,960 --> 00:19:29,080 Speaker 2: there were smaller ones around Antarctica, but those are the 385 00:19:29,080 --> 00:19:30,280 Speaker 2: five major gyres. 386 00:19:31,280 --> 00:19:32,960 Speaker 1: We talked about the Gulf Stream earlier. 387 00:19:33,440 --> 00:19:36,840 Speaker 2: That is a part of the North Atlantic gyre, and 388 00:19:36,920 --> 00:19:41,080 Speaker 2: it carries forty five hundred times the water of the 389 00:19:41,240 --> 00:19:42,320 Speaker 2: entire Mississippi River. 390 00:19:42,840 --> 00:19:43,920 Speaker 1: Yeah, the Gulf Stream does. 391 00:19:44,320 --> 00:19:46,840 Speaker 3: Yeah, the Gulf Stream is. 392 00:19:46,160 --> 00:19:48,040 Speaker 1: The hero of all gyres. 393 00:19:48,240 --> 00:19:51,639 Speaker 3: It is it moves. Let me see, I've got to 394 00:19:51,640 --> 00:19:54,680 Speaker 3: find this one because this is so amazing. So the 395 00:19:55,160 --> 00:20:00,200 Speaker 3: Gulf Stream, at any given point, it moves water at 396 00:20:00,200 --> 00:20:06,359 Speaker 3: a rate of fifteen superdomes worth per second. So you 397 00:20:06,400 --> 00:20:10,480 Speaker 3: remember the superdome in Louisiana. Yes, sure, say you filled 398 00:20:10,480 --> 00:20:13,800 Speaker 3: it with water, okay, and then you took that but 399 00:20:13,960 --> 00:20:17,040 Speaker 3: copied it fifteen fourteen more times h So you have 400 00:20:17,160 --> 00:20:20,399 Speaker 3: fifteen super domes full of water. That's how much water 401 00:20:20,480 --> 00:20:24,600 Speaker 3: passes through any given point per second. Okay in the 402 00:20:24,640 --> 00:20:27,800 Speaker 3: Gulf Stream, all right, that's a lot of water. 403 00:20:27,840 --> 00:20:31,080 Speaker 1: How many big max is that it's trillions of big macs, 404 00:20:31,119 --> 00:20:32,520 Speaker 1: billions and billions served. 405 00:20:32,680 --> 00:20:38,600 Speaker 3: But the Gulf Stream itself is actually it's technically the 406 00:20:38,640 --> 00:20:42,479 Speaker 3: western boundary current of the North Atlantic Gyre. 407 00:20:43,040 --> 00:20:45,439 Speaker 1: Yeah, and it's going to carry warm water. It has 408 00:20:45,480 --> 00:20:46,720 Speaker 1: a big impact in the world. 409 00:20:46,760 --> 00:20:49,760 Speaker 2: It's gonna carry warm water up north from the Gulf 410 00:20:49,760 --> 00:20:53,040 Speaker 2: of Mexico. And that's why if you're living on the 411 00:20:53,040 --> 00:20:56,960 Speaker 2: east coast of Florida, you're gonna have cooler summers and 412 00:20:57,000 --> 00:20:59,800 Speaker 2: warmer winters. Western Europe is going to be a lot 413 00:20:59,840 --> 00:21:04,080 Speaker 2: warm than other places on its exact same latitude. And 414 00:21:04,119 --> 00:21:06,119 Speaker 2: this is all because of the Gulf Stream. 415 00:21:06,280 --> 00:21:06,480 Speaker 3: Right. 416 00:21:06,560 --> 00:21:09,359 Speaker 2: You can deposit bodies in it if you're a dexter. Yeah, 417 00:21:09,840 --> 00:21:12,479 Speaker 2: and those things are gonna yep, see a later body. 418 00:21:12,560 --> 00:21:15,240 Speaker 3: Yeah, it'll probably get carried to England and they'll be 419 00:21:15,280 --> 00:21:19,119 Speaker 3: like blind, he what was this? So that's just the 420 00:21:19,160 --> 00:21:22,399 Speaker 3: Gulf Stream. There's actually at least four major currents that 421 00:21:22,440 --> 00:21:25,440 Speaker 3: form the boundary currents of the North Atlantic Gyre. Yeah, 422 00:21:25,480 --> 00:21:27,880 Speaker 3: and then the North Atlantic Gyre is just one. We've 423 00:21:27,880 --> 00:21:30,800 Speaker 3: also talked about gyres before with the Great Pacific garbage Patch. 424 00:21:31,240 --> 00:21:33,240 Speaker 1: Yeah, we covered did we do waves or did we 425 00:21:33,320 --> 00:21:34,920 Speaker 1: just do We did waves. 426 00:21:35,359 --> 00:21:38,320 Speaker 3: We did rogue waves too, but we covered waves and surfing. 427 00:21:38,400 --> 00:21:39,760 Speaker 1: Okay, yeah, yeah, yeah, remember that. 428 00:21:40,520 --> 00:21:44,920 Speaker 3: But these these boundary currents are created again in part 429 00:21:45,000 --> 00:21:50,840 Speaker 3: by the winds flowing away from the equator, the Coriolis effect, 430 00:21:50,840 --> 00:21:54,480 Speaker 3: turning the waves and the mounds of water circulating the 431 00:21:54,520 --> 00:21:56,680 Speaker 3: waves in it around them. 432 00:21:56,920 --> 00:21:57,120 Speaker 1: Yeah. 433 00:21:57,359 --> 00:22:00,520 Speaker 3: So you've got these like just clockwise or counterclock depending 434 00:22:00,560 --> 00:22:03,399 Speaker 3: on which hems for you, are currents that are just 435 00:22:03,640 --> 00:22:08,440 Speaker 3: massive that move water around and again they cycle nutrients. 436 00:22:08,680 --> 00:22:11,119 Speaker 3: Like you said, they affect the weather, yeah, because they 437 00:22:11,160 --> 00:22:16,040 Speaker 3: deposit warm water from the south up to all the 438 00:22:16,040 --> 00:22:21,560 Speaker 3: way up to England apparently. So you know, England is 439 00:22:21,600 --> 00:22:28,520 Speaker 3: on the same latitude as like some glacial parts of Canada. Yeah, 440 00:22:28,560 --> 00:22:31,800 Speaker 3: that makes sense, but their winners are like nothing compared 441 00:22:31,840 --> 00:22:34,560 Speaker 3: to that, you know, thank you Ocean. Same thing as 442 00:22:34,600 --> 00:22:38,840 Speaker 3: a Bermuda is very temperate, it has very nice climate, 443 00:22:39,040 --> 00:22:41,440 Speaker 3: and it's on the same latitude as North Carolina. Which 444 00:22:41,520 --> 00:22:44,360 Speaker 3: is you know, it can get kind of cold there. 445 00:22:44,720 --> 00:22:47,320 Speaker 3: Oh yeah, sure, that's all thanks to the Gulf Stream. 446 00:22:47,640 --> 00:22:48,639 Speaker 1: Thank you Gulf Stream. 447 00:22:48,760 --> 00:22:50,960 Speaker 3: And if you want to thank the Gulf Stream, Chuck, 448 00:22:51,000 --> 00:22:53,080 Speaker 3: you can thank Ben Franklin because he's the one who 449 00:22:53,160 --> 00:22:53,560 Speaker 3: named it. 450 00:22:54,080 --> 00:22:54,600 Speaker 1: Oh really. 451 00:22:54,720 --> 00:22:57,960 Speaker 3: Yeah. As the first Postmaster General of the United States, 452 00:22:58,560 --> 00:23:01,760 Speaker 3: he wanted to figure out why mail took so many 453 00:23:01,800 --> 00:23:05,280 Speaker 3: more weeks longer to get from England to the US 454 00:23:05,400 --> 00:23:07,359 Speaker 3: than it did from the US to England. 455 00:23:07,200 --> 00:23:09,600 Speaker 1: Because they're going against traffic exactly. 456 00:23:09,680 --> 00:23:12,080 Speaker 3: But he didn't know that, and he found out and 457 00:23:12,119 --> 00:23:16,119 Speaker 3: he took some measurements and roughly charted the golf stream 458 00:23:16,160 --> 00:23:18,000 Speaker 3: back in the eighteenth century. 459 00:23:18,040 --> 00:23:19,959 Speaker 2: Man, he was a smart dude, he really was. That's 460 00:23:20,000 --> 00:23:23,320 Speaker 2: pretty amazing. Yeah, I didn't know he dabbled in oceanography. 461 00:23:23,000 --> 00:23:26,480 Speaker 3: But again, the golf stream amazing. And it's just one 462 00:23:26,600 --> 00:23:29,480 Speaker 3: boundary current of one major gyre. 463 00:23:30,040 --> 00:23:32,160 Speaker 2: Yeah, it's kind of a hypnotic if you look at 464 00:23:32,160 --> 00:23:36,280 Speaker 2: these motion maps of global motion maps of like trade 465 00:23:36,280 --> 00:23:37,640 Speaker 2: winds and ocean currents. 466 00:23:37,880 --> 00:23:39,679 Speaker 3: Yeah, I could watch those videos all day. 467 00:23:39,720 --> 00:23:42,480 Speaker 2: Yeah, it's just stuff spinning around and like traveling around, 468 00:23:42,560 --> 00:23:44,919 Speaker 2: and it's really it's soothing. 469 00:23:44,760 --> 00:23:48,640 Speaker 3: And especially when they do like heat gradients or topographical gradients. 470 00:23:48,640 --> 00:23:51,639 Speaker 3: So it's really colorful too, and it's ever shifting. Oh yeah, 471 00:23:51,720 --> 00:23:53,840 Speaker 3: you can just get a little jewel out of the 472 00:23:53,840 --> 00:23:55,320 Speaker 3: corner of my mouth when I watch though. 473 00:23:55,359 --> 00:23:57,159 Speaker 1: It's about as good as watching Fantasia. 474 00:23:58,000 --> 00:23:59,880 Speaker 3: There's one other thing we should say about those surf 475 00:24:00,200 --> 00:24:03,920 Speaker 3: currents is they drag on the water below them, right, 476 00:24:04,320 --> 00:24:08,200 Speaker 3: So the wind is transferring its energy to the surface 477 00:24:08,200 --> 00:24:08,800 Speaker 3: of the water. 478 00:24:09,359 --> 00:24:11,119 Speaker 1: Yeah, and it drags a little bit less is the 479 00:24:11,160 --> 00:24:12,200 Speaker 1: deeper you go, right? 480 00:24:12,560 --> 00:24:18,120 Speaker 3: Apparently though the current that the motion of water usually 481 00:24:18,160 --> 00:24:22,679 Speaker 3: goes in opposition to the motion of wind. So what 482 00:24:22,720 --> 00:24:24,960 Speaker 3: you end up having if you could take a column 483 00:24:25,040 --> 00:24:28,160 Speaker 3: slice from top to bottom of the ocean, you would 484 00:24:28,160 --> 00:24:31,240 Speaker 3: find that the water ultimately is making a very long 485 00:24:31,359 --> 00:24:35,359 Speaker 3: downward spiral. Yeah, and that's called the Ekman spiral. 486 00:24:35,920 --> 00:24:36,120 Speaker 1: Yeah. 487 00:24:36,240 --> 00:24:38,400 Speaker 2: That there's a graphic of that that looks pretty neat 488 00:24:38,440 --> 00:24:42,520 Speaker 2: as well, pretty neat again, mesmerizing stuff, So Chuck. 489 00:24:43,359 --> 00:24:47,600 Speaker 3: After this we will talk about the global conveyor belt. 490 00:24:47,800 --> 00:25:08,639 Speaker 2: That's my favorite part, I think, okay, Ken, all right, 491 00:25:08,800 --> 00:25:14,520 Speaker 2: my favorite part of ocean currency ocean currents. It works 492 00:25:14,960 --> 00:25:17,840 Speaker 2: the deep ocean current aka the global conveyor belt. 493 00:25:18,000 --> 00:25:19,320 Speaker 1: It is fascinating to me. 494 00:25:20,680 --> 00:25:23,080 Speaker 2: If you're talking about this is about ninety percent, if 495 00:25:23,080 --> 00:25:25,800 Speaker 2: the surface currents are about ten percent, about ninety percent 496 00:25:25,800 --> 00:25:29,119 Speaker 2: of the ocean's water is part of the deep ocean current, 497 00:25:29,880 --> 00:25:33,840 Speaker 2: and we can't see it because we're up here on 498 00:25:33,920 --> 00:25:36,600 Speaker 2: Earth and we are not deep under the water. It's 499 00:25:36,600 --> 00:25:40,000 Speaker 2: invisible to us, right, But it circles the globe at 500 00:25:40,000 --> 00:25:43,600 Speaker 2: afore sixteen times as strong as all of the world's 501 00:25:43,760 --> 00:25:45,320 Speaker 2: rivers combined. 502 00:25:45,480 --> 00:25:49,159 Speaker 3: Which is again still not as much as the the 503 00:25:50,440 --> 00:25:52,680 Speaker 3: Gulf Stream. Yeah, still pretty impressive. 504 00:25:52,720 --> 00:25:56,880 Speaker 1: It's pretty impressive. Yeah, but it's slow, so like water. 505 00:25:56,920 --> 00:26:00,640 Speaker 3: It moves super water a few centimeters a second, whereas 506 00:26:00,680 --> 00:26:03,160 Speaker 3: the Gulf Stream moves waters at like a couple hundred 507 00:26:03,240 --> 00:26:04,200 Speaker 3: centimeters a second. 508 00:26:04,240 --> 00:26:04,440 Speaker 1: Yeah. 509 00:26:04,440 --> 00:26:07,480 Speaker 2: I think the conveyor belt, they said, like one patch 510 00:26:07,520 --> 00:26:12,719 Speaker 2: will take a thousand years to completely around, yeah, the circuit. 511 00:26:12,920 --> 00:26:15,880 Speaker 3: Yeah, and it takes ten years for water to make 512 00:26:16,160 --> 00:26:18,520 Speaker 3: a full circuit on the North Atlantic Gyre. 513 00:26:18,680 --> 00:26:21,040 Speaker 2: Yeah, so ten years yeah, and then a thousand years 514 00:26:21,160 --> 00:26:25,040 Speaker 2: right wow. Yeah, So the global conveyor belt, it is 515 00:26:26,280 --> 00:26:29,400 Speaker 2: driven by density, which I think is pretty interesting. 516 00:26:29,920 --> 00:26:31,840 Speaker 3: Yeah, because up to this point it's all been driven 517 00:26:31,840 --> 00:26:34,239 Speaker 3: by wind, which is ultimately driven by heat. This is 518 00:26:34,640 --> 00:26:37,040 Speaker 3: also driven by heat in a way, but in a 519 00:26:37,080 --> 00:26:38,160 Speaker 3: completely different way. 520 00:26:38,400 --> 00:26:42,760 Speaker 2: Yeah, heat and salt thermohaline circulation, the thermo being heat 521 00:26:42,960 --> 00:26:44,640 Speaker 2: and haleine being salt. 522 00:26:46,040 --> 00:26:47,920 Speaker 1: Warm water holds less salt. 523 00:26:48,240 --> 00:26:51,560 Speaker 2: So what happens is like, let's say you're in the 524 00:26:51,560 --> 00:26:57,000 Speaker 2: Antarctic and water freezes to form an iceberg or water 525 00:26:57,080 --> 00:26:59,800 Speaker 2: evaporates either way, salt is not going to be a 526 00:26:59,800 --> 00:27:00,680 Speaker 2: part of that equation. 527 00:27:01,080 --> 00:27:03,640 Speaker 3: No, the salt is left behind as Yeah, water freezes, 528 00:27:03,680 --> 00:27:06,520 Speaker 3: and you know icebergs aren't salty their fresh water. 529 00:27:06,800 --> 00:27:09,240 Speaker 2: Yeah, so the salt is left behind. It's got to 530 00:27:09,280 --> 00:27:12,560 Speaker 2: go somewhere. It is going to be very dense at 531 00:27:12,560 --> 00:27:15,159 Speaker 2: that point. So it is going to be cold and 532 00:27:15,200 --> 00:27:17,080 Speaker 2: dense and sink to the ocean floor. 533 00:27:17,320 --> 00:27:20,960 Speaker 3: Right. So remember back when we're talking about right, and 534 00:27:21,000 --> 00:27:26,280 Speaker 3: we were talking about coastal coastal currents and up welling 535 00:27:26,280 --> 00:27:26,920 Speaker 3: and down welling. 536 00:27:26,960 --> 00:27:27,880 Speaker 1: Yeah, this plays a part. 537 00:27:27,920 --> 00:27:31,280 Speaker 3: When water sinks, other water moves in to replace it. 538 00:27:31,800 --> 00:27:34,399 Speaker 3: And so what starts off here and this actually I 539 00:27:34,440 --> 00:27:37,400 Speaker 3: think starts around the North Pole definitely in the North Atlantic. 540 00:27:38,600 --> 00:27:41,639 Speaker 3: As that water sinks and moves downward, it creates. It 541 00:27:41,760 --> 00:27:44,359 Speaker 3: starts this current that goes all the way around the 542 00:27:44,359 --> 00:27:47,040 Speaker 3: world and again takes a thousand years to complete. 543 00:27:47,320 --> 00:27:49,000 Speaker 1: Yeah, it just kick starts it basically. 544 00:27:49,160 --> 00:27:52,680 Speaker 2: And it's called the conveyor belt, I think because it 545 00:27:52,720 --> 00:27:54,520 Speaker 2: never stops moving and it's super slow. 546 00:27:54,720 --> 00:27:59,480 Speaker 3: Yeah. I kept getting that, remember that whatever that Bugs 547 00:27:59,480 --> 00:28:03,720 Speaker 3: Bunny assembly line song? Like it was always the same. 548 00:28:03,560 --> 00:28:04,320 Speaker 1: Like, dude, don't remember that. 549 00:28:04,359 --> 00:28:06,200 Speaker 3: I can't remember it either. Now I have our theme 550 00:28:06,280 --> 00:28:07,840 Speaker 3: song in my head. I'm trying to think about it. 551 00:28:07,880 --> 00:28:10,399 Speaker 3: But there's like anytime Bugs Bunny messed around on a 552 00:28:10,440 --> 00:28:13,439 Speaker 3: conveyor bell or something, they use the same like composition. 553 00:28:13,640 --> 00:28:16,200 Speaker 1: Oh really, yeah, I'll try to find it all right. 554 00:28:16,960 --> 00:28:21,400 Speaker 2: So, once this water hits Antarctica, basically the same thing 555 00:28:21,440 --> 00:28:24,879 Speaker 2: happens all over again. The cold water is gonna split. 556 00:28:25,640 --> 00:28:28,040 Speaker 2: Some of it heads to the Indian Ocean, some heads 557 00:28:28,080 --> 00:28:31,000 Speaker 2: to the Pacific, and this upwelling and down welling, this 558 00:28:31,119 --> 00:28:32,600 Speaker 2: cycle just starts all over again. 559 00:28:32,720 --> 00:28:35,359 Speaker 3: Yeah. As it moves closer to like the Indian Ocean 560 00:28:35,359 --> 00:28:38,360 Speaker 3: and the Pacific, it gets closer to the equator, the 561 00:28:38,400 --> 00:28:42,040 Speaker 3: water starts to warm up, it loses some of its salinity, 562 00:28:42,080 --> 00:28:44,200 Speaker 3: it starts to thin out a little bit, and so 563 00:28:44,280 --> 00:28:47,000 Speaker 3: it rises, and when it does, it takes all those 564 00:28:47,120 --> 00:28:50,680 Speaker 3: nutrients and all that CO two up with it. And 565 00:28:50,760 --> 00:28:54,000 Speaker 3: it's very much like the gas exchange that occurs in 566 00:28:54,080 --> 00:28:56,360 Speaker 3: the human cardio pulmonary system. Right. 567 00:28:56,520 --> 00:29:00,120 Speaker 2: Yeah, it's not homeostasis, but it almost feels like that. 568 00:29:00,720 --> 00:29:03,720 Speaker 3: If you took the whole system overall. Yeah, it's homeostatic 569 00:29:03,800 --> 00:29:06,760 Speaker 3: for sure, but it's like that by this exchange, this 570 00:29:06,920 --> 00:29:09,480 Speaker 3: transfer from one part to another, from the deep ocean 571 00:29:09,520 --> 00:29:14,840 Speaker 3: to the surface. And this as it reaches the surface 572 00:29:14,880 --> 00:29:19,360 Speaker 3: and it depletes its nutrients, it's carried back around. It 573 00:29:19,440 --> 00:29:25,560 Speaker 3: basically tries to go up hits Alaska, Russia, Asia, North Asia, 574 00:29:25,600 --> 00:29:30,960 Speaker 3: Northeast Asia, and turns back around and goes ends up 575 00:29:31,120 --> 00:29:35,400 Speaker 3: finally back in the North Atlantic, up near the North Pole. 576 00:29:35,280 --> 00:29:36,800 Speaker 1: And gets cold and starts all over. 577 00:29:36,920 --> 00:29:38,760 Speaker 3: Right, And by the time it gets there, it's basically 578 00:29:38,880 --> 00:29:43,360 Speaker 3: nutrient depleted and it sinks and it starts to recharge again. 579 00:29:44,040 --> 00:29:46,520 Speaker 1: That's right in that just like blood. 580 00:29:46,280 --> 00:29:49,800 Speaker 3: In your in your cardiopulmonary system, it gets depleted, it 581 00:29:49,920 --> 00:29:53,000 Speaker 3: ends up going past the lungs, it transfers out CO two, 582 00:29:53,120 --> 00:29:56,320 Speaker 3: it gets in oxygen. This is just the opposite. This 583 00:29:56,400 --> 00:29:59,800 Speaker 3: is transferring out oxygen and gaining CO two and nutrients. 584 00:30:00,120 --> 00:30:02,240 Speaker 2: Way to feel connected to the Earth when you start 585 00:30:02,240 --> 00:30:05,200 Speaker 2: looking at things like that, you know, yeah, it's not 586 00:30:05,240 --> 00:30:05,720 Speaker 2: so different. 587 00:30:07,000 --> 00:30:09,880 Speaker 3: It's I mean, we're all connected, man. 588 00:30:12,440 --> 00:30:16,040 Speaker 2: And again there's a big nutrient swap meat happening as 589 00:30:16,080 --> 00:30:20,040 Speaker 2: well with the conveyor belt like we're talking about, and 590 00:30:20,440 --> 00:30:23,680 Speaker 2: basically kind of has the same effect as those surface 591 00:30:24,320 --> 00:30:28,960 Speaker 2: currents do. Yeah, as far as exchanging the oxygen and 592 00:30:29,000 --> 00:30:31,840 Speaker 2: the CO two and nutrients and just moving everything where 593 00:30:31,880 --> 00:30:32,360 Speaker 2: it needs to be. 594 00:30:34,160 --> 00:30:38,080 Speaker 3: I thought this was pretty cool. In this article it 595 00:30:38,160 --> 00:30:41,480 Speaker 3: talks about there's also a density driven to Thermohalian current 596 00:30:41,800 --> 00:30:46,280 Speaker 3: in the Mediterranean because the Mediterranean is apparently saltier than 597 00:30:46,320 --> 00:30:50,080 Speaker 3: the Atlantic, and as a result this gradient. Anytime you 598 00:30:50,120 --> 00:30:55,720 Speaker 3: have a difference in something, whether it's height, temperature, salinity, density, 599 00:30:56,200 --> 00:30:59,320 Speaker 3: homeostasis is the ultimate goal, so it's going to try 600 00:30:59,360 --> 00:31:02,440 Speaker 3: to go toward the middle, from higher to lower. Yeah, 601 00:31:02,480 --> 00:31:04,200 Speaker 3: and this is the same thing. So it creates that 602 00:31:04,360 --> 00:31:09,280 Speaker 3: oceanic current. And apparently in World War two, subs would 603 00:31:09,800 --> 00:31:13,160 Speaker 3: run silent by going in and out of the Mediterranean 604 00:31:13,360 --> 00:31:16,120 Speaker 3: without their engines on, just using that current. 605 00:31:16,400 --> 00:31:20,000 Speaker 1: Oh really, Yeah, so they would run like a glider. 606 00:31:20,200 --> 00:31:25,160 Speaker 1: Deep run, silent run deep exactly. Wow, that's frightening. All right. 607 00:31:25,200 --> 00:31:26,200 Speaker 1: Are we at tidal currents? 608 00:31:26,840 --> 00:31:30,240 Speaker 3: You don't have to be frightened. It was years ago. Yeah, 609 00:31:30,280 --> 00:31:31,280 Speaker 3: we're at tidal currents. 610 00:31:31,280 --> 00:31:32,239 Speaker 1: I think they still do that. 611 00:31:32,360 --> 00:31:36,640 Speaker 3: No, there's no submarines anymore. We haven't been at war 612 00:31:36,720 --> 00:31:37,280 Speaker 3: for years. 613 00:31:38,520 --> 00:31:40,040 Speaker 1: They retired all the submarines. 614 00:31:40,200 --> 00:31:44,440 Speaker 2: Yeah, all right. Tidal currents are generated by the tides. 615 00:31:44,880 --> 00:31:48,400 Speaker 2: We did talk about, like we said, I think in 616 00:31:48,440 --> 00:31:50,920 Speaker 2: the Rugue waves and surfing about tides and waves. 617 00:31:51,160 --> 00:31:52,120 Speaker 1: Yeah, and. 618 00:31:54,040 --> 00:31:56,440 Speaker 2: The gravitational pull of the Moon and the Sun, but 619 00:31:56,800 --> 00:31:58,840 Speaker 2: more of the Moon because the Moon is closer, Yeah, 620 00:31:59,080 --> 00:32:02,440 Speaker 2: is what's gonna cause that bulge on the sides, and 621 00:32:02,520 --> 00:32:08,520 Speaker 2: it's going to drive the water level at that bulge. Basically, 622 00:32:08,560 --> 00:32:11,840 Speaker 2: it's going to decrease. It's going to increase where it's 623 00:32:11,880 --> 00:32:14,320 Speaker 2: aligned with the moon and decrease at the halfway point 624 00:32:14,600 --> 00:32:16,160 Speaker 2: between those two places. 625 00:32:15,880 --> 00:32:18,440 Speaker 3: Right, and so, And it's always changing because the moon, 626 00:32:18,640 --> 00:32:21,080 Speaker 3: the position of the Moon and the Sun and the 627 00:32:21,240 --> 00:32:24,320 Speaker 3: Earth are always changing, but they change in a very 628 00:32:24,360 --> 00:32:27,000 Speaker 3: predictable manner. So we can predict when the tides happen. 629 00:32:27,320 --> 00:32:29,520 Speaker 3: But if you just took a snapshot at any given 630 00:32:29,560 --> 00:32:36,240 Speaker 3: point of the tidal effect, right. And if you imagine 631 00:32:36,280 --> 00:32:38,720 Speaker 3: that the moon is on one side, the Sun is 632 00:32:38,760 --> 00:32:40,880 Speaker 3: on one side, and the Earth is on the middle, 633 00:32:42,080 --> 00:32:46,800 Speaker 3: the world's oceans around the Earth stretch out on the sides, 634 00:32:47,800 --> 00:32:52,000 Speaker 3: and because of that gravitational pull, and just imagine that 635 00:32:52,200 --> 00:32:56,400 Speaker 3: it's always like that. It's always just this elliptical oval 636 00:32:56,480 --> 00:32:59,320 Speaker 3: shape the world's oceans are and then the Earth, the 637 00:32:59,400 --> 00:33:03,160 Speaker 3: dry Earth, is spinning within that and so the land 638 00:33:03,200 --> 00:33:06,160 Speaker 3: masses on the Earth are always coming in and out 639 00:33:06,280 --> 00:33:09,240 Speaker 3: of that bulge, and so they're going from higher to 640 00:33:09,320 --> 00:33:12,600 Speaker 3: lower tide. It's kind of it just makes it easier 641 00:33:12,600 --> 00:33:14,920 Speaker 3: for me, rather than to think of the oceans moving 642 00:33:14,920 --> 00:33:17,480 Speaker 3: around the Earth, to think of the Earth spinning within 643 00:33:17,600 --> 00:33:21,400 Speaker 3: the ocean, and that causes the change in tides. 644 00:33:21,560 --> 00:33:22,360 Speaker 1: That does something for you. 645 00:33:22,880 --> 00:33:23,880 Speaker 3: Does it all the way? 646 00:33:25,080 --> 00:33:27,360 Speaker 2: And these are different than the other currents who talked 647 00:33:27,360 --> 00:33:30,400 Speaker 2: about because they're not it's not a continuous stream and 648 00:33:31,000 --> 00:33:33,840 Speaker 2: they switch directions. That's the high tide and low tide 649 00:33:34,480 --> 00:33:38,800 Speaker 2: and it doesn't impact like the ocean. 650 00:33:38,480 --> 00:33:41,040 Speaker 1: Current that much. It's shoreline stuff. 651 00:33:41,120 --> 00:33:44,200 Speaker 3: Yeah, but it's pretty important. I mean, like fish, fishes 652 00:33:44,280 --> 00:33:49,160 Speaker 3: lay eggs, and sure low tide will pull those eggs 653 00:33:49,200 --> 00:33:52,320 Speaker 3: out into the open ocean and those fitch they'll hatch. 654 00:33:52,400 --> 00:33:52,800 Speaker 1: Yeah. 655 00:33:52,880 --> 00:33:57,040 Speaker 3: It also brings food in from the ocean into like 656 00:33:57,440 --> 00:33:58,720 Speaker 3: marshland that kind. 657 00:33:58,520 --> 00:34:01,720 Speaker 1: Of stuff, yeah, or washes up jellyfish yep. And to 658 00:34:01,800 --> 00:34:03,640 Speaker 1: delight the children on the beach. 659 00:34:03,600 --> 00:34:06,200 Speaker 3: Yes, but don't touch them. You can just look. 660 00:34:07,880 --> 00:34:11,320 Speaker 2: And when the tide is rising, that flow is directed 661 00:34:11,320 --> 00:34:11,879 Speaker 2: toward the store. 662 00:34:12,200 --> 00:34:13,360 Speaker 1: That's called the flood current. 663 00:34:13,600 --> 00:34:15,799 Speaker 2: We've heard about that flood and the EBB, and the 664 00:34:15,840 --> 00:34:18,040 Speaker 2: EBB is when it's directed back out to sea. 665 00:34:18,280 --> 00:34:20,800 Speaker 1: That's right, and that makes it all very predictable. 666 00:34:20,840 --> 00:34:23,279 Speaker 2: Like you said, we can go to the beach and 667 00:34:23,320 --> 00:34:25,200 Speaker 2: listen to the tide report. 668 00:34:25,239 --> 00:34:26,880 Speaker 1: That's also a very relaxing thing to do. 669 00:34:27,360 --> 00:34:30,480 Speaker 2: Oh yeah, oh yeah, listen to that like the am 670 00:34:30,640 --> 00:34:33,480 Speaker 2: like fishing and charts and tidle reports. 671 00:34:33,600 --> 00:34:35,080 Speaker 1: Yeah, it's very relaxing for me. 672 00:34:35,160 --> 00:34:37,279 Speaker 3: I like it. I remember growing up listening to like 673 00:34:37,360 --> 00:34:39,800 Speaker 3: grain future reports and hog reports. 674 00:34:39,880 --> 00:34:42,960 Speaker 1: Oh really like that. Pork bellies, yeah, pork futures. 675 00:34:42,600 --> 00:34:46,480 Speaker 3: Yeah, chuck, just a couple more things. So, like, there 676 00:34:46,480 --> 00:34:49,000 Speaker 3: are plenty of other currents and there's also plenty of 677 00:34:49,000 --> 00:34:53,080 Speaker 3: other wind patterns that drive these currents. They do things 678 00:34:53,120 --> 00:34:56,520 Speaker 3: like create the El Nino, yeah, which basically takes weather, 679 00:34:57,000 --> 00:35:01,120 Speaker 3: thunderstorms and stuff around the equator and move them in 680 00:35:01,200 --> 00:35:03,440 Speaker 3: different places that we're not used to, which can lead 681 00:35:03,440 --> 00:35:06,440 Speaker 3: to droughts and floods depending on where you are. And 682 00:35:06,480 --> 00:35:10,919 Speaker 3: then also there's a lot of concern among scientists who 683 00:35:10,920 --> 00:35:15,080 Speaker 3: are who know about this kind of stuff that changes. 684 00:35:16,200 --> 00:35:21,520 Speaker 3: Climate change is going to ultimately and negatively affect the 685 00:35:21,560 --> 00:35:27,680 Speaker 3: global conveyor belt because as the Earth warms up, more 686 00:35:27,719 --> 00:35:31,960 Speaker 3: and more icebergs are gonna melt, creating much less salinity. 687 00:35:32,320 --> 00:35:37,440 Speaker 3: And since the water will be less saline and warmer, 688 00:35:37,680 --> 00:35:40,840 Speaker 3: it's going to sink less. And so that global conveyor 689 00:35:40,920 --> 00:35:45,360 Speaker 3: belt that relies on cold, dense, salty water to sink 690 00:35:45,600 --> 00:35:48,799 Speaker 3: to get it started, is going to slow. And that 691 00:35:48,840 --> 00:35:51,759 Speaker 3: could be bad because remember it's all that's the global 692 00:35:52,120 --> 00:35:55,520 Speaker 3: nutrient exchange. That wouldn't be good, No, because then the 693 00:35:55,520 --> 00:35:59,680 Speaker 3: phytoplankton dies. And again when the phytoplankton dies, the fishies die, 694 00:36:00,120 --> 00:36:01,040 Speaker 3: seals die. 695 00:36:00,960 --> 00:36:06,520 Speaker 1: Polar bears are upset, well, the poor seals die. Either way, Yeah, 696 00:36:06,600 --> 00:36:07,399 Speaker 1: it is very sad. 697 00:36:07,800 --> 00:36:12,080 Speaker 3: Yeah, you got anything else, No, that's it. That's ocean currents. 698 00:36:13,080 --> 00:36:16,200 Speaker 3: If you want to know more about ocean currents, you 699 00:36:16,200 --> 00:36:18,640 Speaker 3: can type those words into the search bar at HowStuffWorks 700 00:36:18,680 --> 00:36:21,080 Speaker 3: dot com. And since I said search bar, it's time 701 00:36:21,120 --> 00:36:21,959 Speaker 3: for a listener mail. 702 00:36:23,960 --> 00:36:28,239 Speaker 2: I'm gonna call this A French speaker doesn't like our 703 00:36:28,520 --> 00:36:30,239 Speaker 2: heavy metal music interludes. 704 00:36:30,640 --> 00:36:32,120 Speaker 3: There's a few people out there who. 705 00:36:32,000 --> 00:36:34,080 Speaker 2: Don't, So here we go. I'm going to read this 706 00:36:34,239 --> 00:36:37,680 Speaker 2: just as it came. I like you very much. Sorry 707 00:36:37,680 --> 00:36:40,839 Speaker 2: for my bad English, but I speak French so it compensates. 708 00:36:41,640 --> 00:36:43,560 Speaker 1: I have a little problem. I feel like I need 709 00:36:43,560 --> 00:36:45,319 Speaker 1: to tell you, please. 710 00:36:45,040 --> 00:36:47,800 Speaker 2: Don't take it the wrong way. I have had problems 711 00:36:47,840 --> 00:36:50,120 Speaker 2: to sleep for a while now, and I found that 712 00:36:50,200 --> 00:36:52,600 Speaker 2: listening to podcasts helped. 713 00:36:52,239 --> 00:36:52,920 Speaker 1: Me a lot. 714 00:36:53,320 --> 00:36:56,040 Speaker 2: I put my iPod under my pillow while it plays, 715 00:36:56,520 --> 00:36:59,839 Speaker 2: or I put only one head sound thing in one ear. 716 00:37:01,880 --> 00:37:05,600 Speaker 2: I love your podcast because it's very interesting, intelligent, and 717 00:37:05,640 --> 00:37:08,040 Speaker 2: also your voices are nice and you are never yelling, 718 00:37:08,719 --> 00:37:11,360 Speaker 2: so I do fall asleep every single time. This is 719 00:37:11,400 --> 00:37:13,640 Speaker 2: a good thing, I swear. Of course, it takes me 720 00:37:13,680 --> 00:37:15,319 Speaker 2: three or four times to listen to all of it. 721 00:37:15,719 --> 00:37:18,960 Speaker 2: Usually I relistened to it in the car. Now my problem, 722 00:37:19,239 --> 00:37:21,320 Speaker 2: why do you have to put loud heavy metal music 723 00:37:21,400 --> 00:37:24,279 Speaker 2: for a break. I always wake up in panic when 724 00:37:24,320 --> 00:37:27,839 Speaker 2: it starts. I do want to continue to listen to 725 00:37:27,920 --> 00:37:29,239 Speaker 2: you at night, I really do. 726 00:37:29,640 --> 00:37:30,840 Speaker 1: So you have two choices. 727 00:37:31,440 --> 00:37:33,759 Speaker 2: Either you don't change your music and think of me 728 00:37:33,800 --> 00:37:37,800 Speaker 2: every time and laugh, or you change it for something, 729 00:37:37,880 --> 00:37:42,440 Speaker 2: let's say nicer. Maybe in exchange. I'm sorry, exchange, I 730 00:37:42,480 --> 00:37:50,600 Speaker 2: could give you pickup lines in French orvoir of Danielle. 731 00:37:50,880 --> 00:37:55,480 Speaker 3: I have to say hats off Danielle because I couldn't 732 00:37:55,480 --> 00:37:56,440 Speaker 3: write that in French. 733 00:37:56,719 --> 00:37:58,520 Speaker 1: Oh well, no, you don't speak French, do you? 734 00:38:00,239 --> 00:38:08,080 Speaker 3: Mpikito perfect? Thanks a lot, Danielle. We will consider removing 735 00:38:08,120 --> 00:38:10,279 Speaker 3: the heavy metal music, which we did before and then 736 00:38:10,280 --> 00:38:12,560 Speaker 3: we brought back because other people are like, bring back 737 00:38:12,560 --> 00:38:16,320 Speaker 3: the heavy metal music. So we're kind of caught between 738 00:38:16,320 --> 00:38:17,680 Speaker 3: a rock and a hard place. 739 00:38:18,120 --> 00:38:19,760 Speaker 1: Caught between an amp and a hard place. 740 00:38:20,800 --> 00:38:24,839 Speaker 3: Yes. If you want to let us know how you 741 00:38:24,880 --> 00:38:29,280 Speaker 3: feel about our music or anything else, you can tweet 742 00:38:29,280 --> 00:38:32,000 Speaker 3: to us at sysk podcast. You can join us on 743 00:38:32,040 --> 00:38:34,560 Speaker 3: Facebook dot com slash stuff you should know. You can 744 00:38:34,600 --> 00:38:38,200 Speaker 3: send us an email to Stuff Podcast at houstuffworks dot 745 00:38:38,239 --> 00:38:40,120 Speaker 3: com and it's always joined us at our home on 746 00:38:40,200 --> 00:38:45,399 Speaker 3: the web, Stuff Youshould Know dot Com Stuff you Should 747 00:38:45,440 --> 00:38:47,080 Speaker 3: Know is a production of iHeartRadio. 748 00:38:47,560 --> 00:38:50,760 Speaker 1: For more podcasts my heart Radio, visit the iHeartRadio app, 749 00:38:50,960 --> 00:38:53,880 Speaker 1: Apple Podcasts, or wherever you listen to your favorite shows.