1 00:00:00,160 --> 00:00:02,000 Speaker 1: This Day in History Class is a production of I 2 00:00:02,120 --> 00:00:07,280 Speaker 1: Heart Radio. Hello, Welcome to This Day in History Class, 3 00:00:07,680 --> 00:00:10,200 Speaker 1: where we flipped through the book of history and bringing 4 00:00:10,360 --> 00:00:24,880 Speaker 1: a new page every day. Today it's May nineteen. The 5 00:00:24,960 --> 00:00:31,760 Speaker 1: day was May six, eighteen. Catholic regents Velam Slavata and 6 00:00:31,880 --> 00:00:36,479 Speaker 1: Yaroslav Brejuta of Martinis were found guilty of violating the 7 00:00:36,560 --> 00:00:41,680 Speaker 1: Letter of Majesty and they and their secretary Philippe Fabricius, 8 00:00:41,960 --> 00:00:44,360 Speaker 1: were thrown out of the window of the council room 9 00:00:44,440 --> 00:00:48,400 Speaker 1: of Prague Castle. The Letter of Majesty was a document 10 00:00:48,479 --> 00:00:52,080 Speaker 1: that Holy Roman Emperor Rudolph the Second signed that granted 11 00:00:52,120 --> 00:00:55,680 Speaker 1: religious liberties to Protestant and Catholic citizens living in the 12 00:00:55,840 --> 00:01:00,520 Speaker 1: estates of Bohemia. The regents and Fabricius came out of 13 00:01:00,560 --> 00:01:04,880 Speaker 1: the definistration with no serious injuries, but the act did 14 00:01:05,080 --> 00:01:08,880 Speaker 1: tip off a Bohemian revolt against the Habsburg Emperor Ferdinand 15 00:01:09,000 --> 00:01:13,480 Speaker 1: the Second and lead to the Thirty Years War. The 16 00:01:13,560 --> 00:01:19,679 Speaker 1: first definistration of Prague happened on July fourteen, nineteen. Definistration 17 00:01:20,000 --> 00:01:23,160 Speaker 1: just means throwing someone or something out of a window, 18 00:01:24,360 --> 00:01:28,319 Speaker 1: and that incident Hussites or followers of the religious reformer 19 00:01:28,400 --> 00:01:31,800 Speaker 1: Yon Hohos broke into the new town Hall in Prague 20 00:01:31,840 --> 00:01:36,600 Speaker 1: to free imprison Utoquists or Hussites, who believed that the lady, 21 00:01:36,640 --> 00:01:40,200 Speaker 1: like the clergy, should receive the Eucharist under the forms 22 00:01:40,240 --> 00:01:44,440 Speaker 1: of bread and wine. Lady just means the common people 23 00:01:44,480 --> 00:01:48,240 Speaker 1: who weren't part of the clergy. The radical Hussites threw 24 00:01:48,280 --> 00:01:52,320 Speaker 1: several city councilors out of the window, killing them. The 25 00:01:52,400 --> 00:01:55,840 Speaker 1: first definistration is considered the first violent incident in the 26 00:01:55,920 --> 00:02:00,680 Speaker 1: Hussite Wars. Eventually, the Catholics and the eutoquist came to 27 00:02:00,760 --> 00:02:05,040 Speaker 1: a peace agreement, but what's known as the second Definistration 28 00:02:05,080 --> 00:02:09,520 Speaker 1: of Prague came two centuries after the first. By the 29 00:02:09,639 --> 00:02:12,640 Speaker 1: end of the Hussite Revolution, there were three estates in 30 00:02:12,680 --> 00:02:16,640 Speaker 1: the Bohemian diet the Lords, the Knights and the Burghers. 31 00:02:17,400 --> 00:02:21,280 Speaker 1: Bavarian King and Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian the Second said 32 00:02:21,400 --> 00:02:25,680 Speaker 1: he would tolerate religious denominations that accepted the Bohemian Confession 33 00:02:25,760 --> 00:02:29,920 Speaker 1: of fifteen seventy five, a document that attempted to satisfy 34 00:02:30,040 --> 00:02:35,080 Speaker 1: everyone in Bohemia and allow religions to coexist peacefully, but 35 00:02:35,240 --> 00:02:38,560 Speaker 1: Maximilian the Second did not formally act on the confession 36 00:02:38,680 --> 00:02:43,680 Speaker 1: before his death. After Maximilian's son Rudolph the Second became 37 00:02:43,720 --> 00:02:47,760 Speaker 1: a king, he signed the Letter of Majesty. The letter 38 00:02:47,840 --> 00:02:51,480 Speaker 1: gave freedom of religious practice to the Utraquists, the Roman 39 00:02:51,520 --> 00:02:56,920 Speaker 1: Catholic Church, the Unitas Brothram, and Lutherans who accepted the confession. 40 00:02:57,919 --> 00:03:01,760 Speaker 1: Bohemia was still officially Roman Catholic, but people of other 41 00:03:01,800 --> 00:03:05,560 Speaker 1: religions were permitted to worship as they wished. The letter 42 00:03:05,760 --> 00:03:09,360 Speaker 1: was intended to be a framework for religious peace, and 43 00:03:09,480 --> 00:03:13,520 Speaker 1: Catholics and Protestants did largely get along in Bohemia for 44 00:03:13,639 --> 00:03:18,320 Speaker 1: several years, but in sixteen twelve Rudolph's brother Matthias became 45 00:03:18,400 --> 00:03:23,559 Speaker 1: Holy Roman Emperor. In sixteen seventeen, subjects of the Archbishop 46 00:03:23,600 --> 00:03:27,720 Speaker 1: of Prague built Protestant churches at rob and braumof on 47 00:03:27,919 --> 00:03:31,840 Speaker 1: land that the Catholic clergy claimed. The archbishop ordered the 48 00:03:31,919 --> 00:03:36,360 Speaker 1: churches be closed, and King Matthias upheld this order. Protestants 49 00:03:36,360 --> 00:03:39,360 Speaker 1: claimed the land was royal and they saw this as 50 00:03:39,360 --> 00:03:44,480 Speaker 1: a violation of their religious liberties, and in sixteen seventeen Ferdinand, 51 00:03:44,840 --> 00:03:50,040 Speaker 1: Archduke of Austria, was elected King of Bohemia. Ferdinand wanted 52 00:03:50,080 --> 00:03:53,440 Speaker 1: to restore a Catholic Empire, and he stacked his counsel 53 00:03:53,440 --> 00:03:58,160 Speaker 1: with staunch Catholics, so Protestants in Prague called an assembly 54 00:03:58,800 --> 00:04:03,720 Speaker 1: Catholic regents. The Slavata and Yaroslav Borgita were put on 55 00:04:03,800 --> 00:04:07,800 Speaker 1: trial for violating the right of freedom of religion. On 56 00:04:07,880 --> 00:04:13,520 Speaker 1: May eighteen, Slavata and Borgita were found guilty and thrown 57 00:04:13,600 --> 00:04:18,000 Speaker 1: out of a window with their secretary, Philippe Fabrucius. They 58 00:04:18,040 --> 00:04:21,240 Speaker 1: fell about fifty feet or fifteen meters to the ground, 59 00:04:21,960 --> 00:04:25,240 Speaker 1: but they did not fall to their deaths. They landed 60 00:04:25,279 --> 00:04:29,520 Speaker 1: in a pile of horse manure and survived. Catholic officials 61 00:04:29,560 --> 00:04:34,440 Speaker 1: claimed the miraculous survival was the doing of angels. For 62 00:04:34,520 --> 00:04:37,599 Speaker 1: the next two years, it was the mostly Protestant Bohemian 63 00:04:37,760 --> 00:04:42,039 Speaker 1: estates against Emperor Ferdinand the Second and the Catholic Holy 64 00:04:42,120 --> 00:04:46,480 Speaker 1: Roman Empire. That conflict culminated in the Battle of White Mountain. 65 00:04:46,920 --> 00:04:50,400 Speaker 1: Were Ferdinand the Second and the German Catholic League defeated 66 00:04:50,480 --> 00:04:56,240 Speaker 1: Frederick the Five. Ferdinand soon started executing rebel leaders, confiscating 67 00:04:56,320 --> 00:05:01,080 Speaker 1: land and expelling Protestants. He issued a new constitution that 68 00:05:01,160 --> 00:05:05,680 Speaker 1: created an authoritarian government in Bohemia. The Thirty Years War, 69 00:05:06,120 --> 00:05:10,800 Speaker 1: which ended in sixty eight evolved from religious conflict between 70 00:05:10,960 --> 00:05:14,880 Speaker 1: Protestant and Catholic states and into a war involving most 71 00:05:14,920 --> 00:05:19,920 Speaker 1: of the major European powers. I'm each Deacote and hopefully 72 00:05:19,960 --> 00:05:22,480 Speaker 1: you know a little more about history today than you 73 00:05:22,520 --> 00:05:26,000 Speaker 1: did yesterday. And if you'd like to learn more about 74 00:05:26,000 --> 00:05:28,760 Speaker 1: this topic, you can listen to the episode of Stuff 75 00:05:28,800 --> 00:05:32,440 Speaker 1: you missed in history class called The Definistrations of Frog. 76 00:05:33,400 --> 00:05:35,960 Speaker 1: If there are any upcoming days in history that you 77 00:05:36,120 --> 00:05:38,359 Speaker 1: really like me to cover on the show, give us 78 00:05:38,400 --> 00:05:42,120 Speaker 1: a shout on social media at t D I h 79 00:05:42,360 --> 00:05:46,680 Speaker 1: C podcast. Thanks for listening, and we'll see you again tomorrow. 80 00:05:54,440 --> 00:05:56,760 Speaker 1: For more podcasts from I Heart Radio, visit the iHeart 81 00:05:56,800 --> 00:05:59,280 Speaker 1: Radio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you listen to your 82 00:05:59,279 --> 00:05:59,920 Speaker 1: favorite shows.