1 00:00:01,320 --> 00:00:04,280 Speaker 1: Welcome to Stuff You Missed in History Class, a production 2 00:00:04,400 --> 00:00:10,960 Speaker 1: of iHeartRadio. 3 00:00:12,000 --> 00:00:14,680 Speaker 2: Hello, and welcome to the podcast. I'm Tracy V. 4 00:00:14,800 --> 00:00:16,520 Speaker 1: Wilson and I'm Holly Frye. 5 00:00:16,800 --> 00:00:20,240 Speaker 2: This is part two of an episode on Natalie Clifford 6 00:00:20,280 --> 00:00:22,599 Speaker 2: Barney that was not planned to be two parts, but 7 00:00:22,720 --> 00:00:28,520 Speaker 2: boy did she get up to a lot. In part one, 8 00:00:28,960 --> 00:00:31,080 Speaker 2: we talked about her early life up to the death 9 00:00:31,080 --> 00:00:34,440 Speaker 2: of her father, Albert, and then today we are going 10 00:00:34,479 --> 00:00:35,600 Speaker 2: to talk about the rest. 11 00:00:36,600 --> 00:00:38,480 Speaker 1: So as we said at the end of part one, 12 00:00:39,000 --> 00:00:42,239 Speaker 1: Natalie Clifford Barney's father died in nineteen oh two, and 13 00:00:42,360 --> 00:00:45,960 Speaker 1: under the terms of his will, Natalie, her mother Alice, 14 00:00:46,000 --> 00:00:50,960 Speaker 1: and her sister Laura all became very wealthy. Alice started 15 00:00:51,000 --> 00:00:54,520 Speaker 1: construction on a new home she called Studio House in Washington, 16 00:00:54,600 --> 00:00:58,880 Speaker 1: d c. In the words of biographer Suzanne Rodriguez, author 17 00:00:58,920 --> 00:01:03,120 Speaker 1: of Wild Heart Clifford Barney in the Decadents of Literary Paris, quote, 18 00:01:03,480 --> 00:01:07,520 Speaker 1: compared to other wealthy homes, Studio House was small. It 19 00:01:07,560 --> 00:01:11,240 Speaker 1: had two basements. The sentence doesn't end there, but that 20 00:01:11,360 --> 00:01:13,480 Speaker 1: is enough to give a sense that even if it 21 00:01:13,560 --> 00:01:16,360 Speaker 1: was smaller than other rich people houses, it was still 22 00:01:16,360 --> 00:01:20,240 Speaker 1: pretty big. It was a combined residence and studio space, 23 00:01:20,360 --> 00:01:23,640 Speaker 1: and it had five bedrooms, three baths, a library, a 24 00:01:23,720 --> 00:01:27,000 Speaker 1: room with a built in stage, and two story studio 25 00:01:27,080 --> 00:01:31,679 Speaker 1: room for exhibition and entertainment. Today Studio House is home 26 00:01:31,680 --> 00:01:32,920 Speaker 1: to the Latvian embassy. 27 00:01:33,959 --> 00:01:35,800 Speaker 2: Yeh, when I read that sentence, and it was just 28 00:01:35,880 --> 00:01:38,760 Speaker 2: like studio house, a small it had two basements, Hi 29 00:01:39,280 --> 00:01:45,479 Speaker 2: started laughing, just the two. Laura had become a Behi 30 00:01:45,680 --> 00:01:48,920 Speaker 2: sometime around nineteen hundred, and her mother had joined the 31 00:01:49,080 --> 00:01:53,400 Speaker 2: High Faith not long afterward. After Albert's death, Laura spent 32 00:01:53,480 --> 00:01:56,560 Speaker 2: some time with her mother, and then afterwards she traveled, 33 00:01:56,640 --> 00:01:59,480 Speaker 2: including to the Middle East to work with Abdul Baha, 34 00:01:59,560 --> 00:02:04,160 Speaker 2: son of bahaula founder of the Bahai Faith, and Natalie 35 00:02:04,280 --> 00:02:07,120 Speaker 2: moved to France. She had spent much of her time 36 00:02:07,160 --> 00:02:09,600 Speaker 2: there since starting boarding school at the age of eleven, 37 00:02:09,720 --> 00:02:11,880 Speaker 2: and from this point her permanent home for the rest 38 00:02:11,919 --> 00:02:15,400 Speaker 2: of her life was in or near Paris. She started 39 00:02:15,440 --> 00:02:17,720 Speaker 2: out in the suburb of Noiee, where she turned her 40 00:02:17,760 --> 00:02:20,840 Speaker 2: home into a gathering place for artists and writers. She 41 00:02:21,000 --> 00:02:24,520 Speaker 2: hosted all kinds of gatherings and parties and arranged outdoor 42 00:02:24,600 --> 00:02:28,680 Speaker 2: theatrical events and concerts in her gardens. She staged plays 43 00:02:28,720 --> 00:02:31,200 Speaker 2: by Collette, who we covered in a previous two parter, 44 00:02:31,560 --> 00:02:35,080 Speaker 2: and Pierre Luis, whose eighteen ninety four book Chanson de 45 00:02:35,080 --> 00:02:38,080 Speaker 2: Bilitis came up in our episode on the Poet's sappho. 46 00:02:38,520 --> 00:02:41,400 Speaker 2: She was friends with both of those people. At one 47 00:02:41,440 --> 00:02:44,600 Speaker 2: of these events, Barney hired the dancer Mada Haari to 48 00:02:44,680 --> 00:02:48,600 Speaker 2: appear on horseback as Lady Godiva. Of course, this was 49 00:02:48,800 --> 00:02:53,960 Speaker 2: well before mada Haari became notorious for being accused of spying. 50 00:02:55,200 --> 00:03:00,200 Speaker 2: At this point, homosexuality was somewhat more socially acceptable in 51 00:03:00,280 --> 00:03:03,959 Speaker 2: France than it was in the United States. Homosexual acts 52 00:03:04,000 --> 00:03:07,440 Speaker 2: were illegal in the US, but had been decriminalized in 53 00:03:07,480 --> 00:03:12,160 Speaker 2: France in seventeen ninety one. Although cross dressing was still outlawed. 54 00:03:13,120 --> 00:03:16,919 Speaker 2: There was still a lot of stigma around same sex 55 00:03:16,960 --> 00:03:21,040 Speaker 2: relationships though, and a lot of people still considered homosexuality 56 00:03:21,080 --> 00:03:24,760 Speaker 2: to be immoral or a perversion, and one of the 57 00:03:24,760 --> 00:03:28,040 Speaker 2: things that Natalie Clifford Barney did as she established her 58 00:03:28,080 --> 00:03:31,600 Speaker 2: adult life in France was to live in a way 59 00:03:32,040 --> 00:03:37,240 Speaker 2: that was publicly, unabashedly and enthusiastically lesbian. 60 00:03:38,200 --> 00:03:41,440 Speaker 1: To be clear, her wealth gave her some protection here, 61 00:03:41,920 --> 00:03:44,640 Speaker 1: people who were not rich enough to just do whatever 62 00:03:44,680 --> 00:03:47,840 Speaker 1: they wanted had very different experiences when it came to 63 00:03:47,880 --> 00:03:52,000 Speaker 1: things like homophobia and harassment. But she wanted to live 64 00:03:52,040 --> 00:03:54,880 Speaker 1: by example and to show other people like herself that 65 00:03:54,960 --> 00:03:57,120 Speaker 1: they did not have to live their lives with the 66 00:03:57,160 --> 00:04:00,680 Speaker 1: shame and self doubt that society tried to imp on them. 67 00:04:01,440 --> 00:04:05,880 Speaker 1: She also continued pursuing relationships with other women. One was 68 00:04:06,000 --> 00:04:09,440 Speaker 1: poet Lucie de la rue Mardus, who was married, who 69 00:04:09,560 --> 00:04:12,600 Speaker 1: Barney had met for the first time before her father's death. 70 00:04:13,400 --> 00:04:16,000 Speaker 1: It is not totally clear whether they started their affair 71 00:04:16,160 --> 00:04:20,039 Speaker 1: before or after the death of Albert Barney, but it 72 00:04:20,160 --> 00:04:24,400 Speaker 1: followed the same basic trajectory as a number of Natalie's 73 00:04:24,440 --> 00:04:30,080 Speaker 1: other relationships. Natalie pursued and eventually seduced Lucy, and then 74 00:04:30,120 --> 00:04:34,320 Speaker 1: their relationship became very intense and very passionate, but eventually 75 00:04:34,480 --> 00:04:38,640 Speaker 1: Lucy started to become unhappy. In Lucy's case, this was 76 00:04:38,800 --> 00:04:42,680 Speaker 1: both because of her feelings about Natalie's other relationships and 77 00:04:42,800 --> 00:04:46,760 Speaker 1: about her own part in it. Lucy had been raised 78 00:04:46,800 --> 00:04:49,760 Speaker 1: as a conservative Catholic, and so she felt a lot 79 00:04:49,800 --> 00:04:53,320 Speaker 1: of guilt and shame around the breaking of her marriage. 80 00:04:53,400 --> 00:04:58,280 Speaker 1: Vows then eventually their sexual relationship ended, but the two 81 00:04:58,360 --> 00:05:01,640 Speaker 1: women eventually built a close friend that continued for the 82 00:05:01,680 --> 00:05:05,200 Speaker 1: rest of Lucy's life. Natalie had also been friends with 83 00:05:05,240 --> 00:05:09,520 Speaker 1: sid Niguabriel Collette, known just as Collette for years by 84 00:05:09,560 --> 00:05:12,960 Speaker 1: the time she moved to France for good. When they met, 85 00:05:13,120 --> 00:05:17,200 Speaker 1: Collette was married to Henri Gautier Villard aka Willie, who 86 00:05:17,360 --> 00:05:20,840 Speaker 1: was publishing her writing under his name, as we talked 87 00:05:20,839 --> 00:05:24,200 Speaker 1: about in our previous episodes on Collette. By nineteen oh five, 88 00:05:24,240 --> 00:05:28,000 Speaker 1: they had started the process of legally separating their assets, 89 00:05:28,040 --> 00:05:31,680 Speaker 1: although they were still married. In nineteen oh six, Collette 90 00:05:31,720 --> 00:05:34,600 Speaker 1: came to stay with Natalie for a time after leaving Willie. 91 00:05:35,160 --> 00:05:38,039 Speaker 1: They had a brief affair and then they resumed their friendship, 92 00:05:38,080 --> 00:05:40,799 Speaker 1: which again continued for the rest of Collette's life. 93 00:05:41,200 --> 00:05:44,480 Speaker 2: Yea, Collette's relationship with Willy wasn't over yet at that point, 94 00:05:44,520 --> 00:05:47,919 Speaker 2: but should stay with with Natalie for a while. In 95 00:05:48,520 --> 00:05:52,600 Speaker 2: the interim, Natalie had continued to be close to her 96 00:05:52,640 --> 00:05:56,160 Speaker 2: first girlfriend, Eva Palmer, who we talked about in Part one, 97 00:05:56,520 --> 00:05:58,920 Speaker 2: but in nineteen oh seven the two women had a 98 00:05:59,120 --> 00:06:03,919 Speaker 2: bitter fallen out. Eva decided to marry Greek poet and 99 00:06:03,960 --> 00:06:10,120 Speaker 2: playwright Angelos Cyclicianos. They had met through Isadora Duncan. Angelo's 100 00:06:10,160 --> 00:06:14,400 Speaker 2: sister Penelope, was married to Duncan's brother Raymond. As we 101 00:06:14,440 --> 00:06:17,120 Speaker 2: talked about in her two parter on Isidora Duncan, she 102 00:06:17,360 --> 00:06:20,839 Speaker 2: was inspired by the aesthetics of ancient Greece, and the 103 00:06:20,880 --> 00:06:24,279 Speaker 2: whole Duncan family had started doing things like wearing robes 104 00:06:24,320 --> 00:06:29,880 Speaker 2: and sandals in an approximation of ancient Greek dress. Angelos 105 00:06:29,920 --> 00:06:35,000 Speaker 2: also wanted to revive the literature and values of classical Greece. 106 00:06:36,160 --> 00:06:38,920 Speaker 2: Eva had fallen in love with all of this, and 107 00:06:39,000 --> 00:06:42,120 Speaker 2: had fallen in love with Greece while traveling there. She 108 00:06:42,320 --> 00:06:45,800 Speaker 2: wasn't really in love with Angelos, but she admired his 109 00:06:45,920 --> 00:06:48,680 Speaker 2: work and his aspirations, and she liked the idea of 110 00:06:48,720 --> 00:06:52,120 Speaker 2: the life that they could build together. Natalie, on the 111 00:06:52,160 --> 00:06:54,720 Speaker 2: other hand, found it all ridiculous, and she did not 112 00:06:54,839 --> 00:06:58,120 Speaker 2: even try to be nice about it. She criticized that 113 00:06:58,200 --> 00:07:01,880 Speaker 2: whole robe and sandal situation, and Angelo's writing and his 114 00:07:02,000 --> 00:07:05,120 Speaker 2: hopes for a Greek revival, and even told Eva that 115 00:07:05,200 --> 00:07:09,200 Speaker 2: she needed to send him away. It really seems like 116 00:07:09,400 --> 00:07:12,960 Speaker 2: Eva decided to marry Angelos because it was a way 117 00:07:12,960 --> 00:07:15,440 Speaker 2: for her to have a life that sounded really appealing 118 00:07:15,440 --> 00:07:18,640 Speaker 2: to her, one that was very very Greek, complete with 119 00:07:18,800 --> 00:07:22,120 Speaker 2: robes made of fabric she had woven herself, and also 120 00:07:22,480 --> 00:07:27,040 Speaker 2: very focused on literature and the arts. She didn't really 121 00:07:27,120 --> 00:07:31,480 Speaker 2: have an emotional connection with Angelos that would have threatened 122 00:07:31,520 --> 00:07:34,400 Speaker 2: her bond with Natalie, which at that point they had 123 00:07:34,440 --> 00:07:38,920 Speaker 2: been nurturing for almost fifteen years. She did try to 124 00:07:38,960 --> 00:07:43,120 Speaker 2: assuage Angelos's fears about Natalie by telling him that she 125 00:07:43,320 --> 00:07:47,480 Speaker 2: loved him more than Natalie, while also telling Natalie that 126 00:07:47,560 --> 00:07:50,680 Speaker 2: her relationship with Angelos could never replace the one that 127 00:07:50,720 --> 00:07:54,480 Speaker 2: the two women had with each other. This all sounds 128 00:07:54,480 --> 00:07:58,120 Speaker 2: like a tangle. Natalie's response to all of this was 129 00:07:58,280 --> 00:08:02,400 Speaker 2: just so petty, including intentionally trying to do stuff to 130 00:08:02,440 --> 00:08:06,800 Speaker 2: make Eva really jealous, and eventually Eva was just done. 131 00:08:06,960 --> 00:08:10,400 Speaker 1: Eva and Angelos got married in Bar Harbor later that year, 132 00:08:10,480 --> 00:08:12,559 Speaker 1: and they pursued the life that they had been talking 133 00:08:12,600 --> 00:08:16,239 Speaker 1: about when they decided to marry. In nineteen twenty seven, 134 00:08:16,280 --> 00:08:19,800 Speaker 1: they held the first of two Delphic festivals, modeled after 135 00:08:19,840 --> 00:08:24,080 Speaker 1: ancient Greek festivals that had combined athletic games with literature, theater, 136 00:08:24,200 --> 00:08:27,559 Speaker 1: and the arts. Although they had an impact on Greek 137 00:08:27,600 --> 00:08:31,920 Speaker 1: culture together, Eva's admiration for Angelos and his ideals doesn't 138 00:08:31,960 --> 00:08:36,280 Speaker 1: seem to have been enough to build a happy marriage on. Reportedly, 139 00:08:36,440 --> 00:08:39,760 Speaker 1: she eventually ended their physical relationship, and the marriage was 140 00:08:39,800 --> 00:08:43,240 Speaker 1: annulled in nineteen thirty four, possibly in the wake of 141 00:08:43,280 --> 00:08:45,760 Speaker 1: her traveling to the US to try to raise money 142 00:08:45,840 --> 00:08:49,880 Speaker 1: to sustain the Delphic Festival. Each of them later remarried 143 00:08:49,920 --> 00:08:52,360 Speaker 1: other people, and at some point during all of this, 144 00:08:52,720 --> 00:08:55,439 Speaker 1: Eva and Natalie made amends to. 145 00:08:55,559 --> 00:08:59,480 Speaker 2: Return to the timeline. In nineteen oh nine, Natalie moved 146 00:08:59,600 --> 00:09:03,320 Speaker 2: to a house on Rujakob. It's possible that one of 147 00:09:03,360 --> 00:09:06,600 Speaker 2: her reasons for wanting to move to a new place 148 00:09:07,160 --> 00:09:11,520 Speaker 2: was that her landlord in Nuill was increasingly critical of 149 00:09:11,559 --> 00:09:14,400 Speaker 2: all these sapphig plays that she was staging out in 150 00:09:14,440 --> 00:09:17,000 Speaker 2: her garden and the kinds of people that she was 151 00:09:17,120 --> 00:09:22,079 Speaker 2: continually bringing together at her home. It is also possible, though, 152 00:09:22,120 --> 00:09:24,640 Speaker 2: that she just wanted some kind of a fresh start. 153 00:09:24,880 --> 00:09:27,120 Speaker 2: She had started looking for a new place to live 154 00:09:27,520 --> 00:09:30,680 Speaker 2: in nineteen oh eight, so that was not long after 155 00:09:30,679 --> 00:09:33,319 Speaker 2: the end of her relationship with Pauline Tarn and her 156 00:09:33,360 --> 00:09:37,280 Speaker 2: falling out with Eva. This move also put her into 157 00:09:37,400 --> 00:09:40,920 Speaker 2: Paris proper, and in her words quote Paris has always 158 00:09:40,920 --> 00:09:43,280 Speaker 2: seemed to me the only city where you can live 159 00:09:43,400 --> 00:09:46,800 Speaker 2: and express yourself as you please. We will have more 160 00:09:47,040 --> 00:10:00,800 Speaker 2: after a break. Natalie Clifford Barney's new home at Jakob 161 00:10:01,040 --> 00:10:03,640 Speaker 2: was on the left bank south of the Senne, a 162 00:10:03,720 --> 00:10:07,480 Speaker 2: neighborhood that was known for its community of writers and artists, 163 00:10:07,520 --> 00:10:11,600 Speaker 2: which later had a reputation for its really bohemian atmosphere. 164 00:10:11,720 --> 00:10:14,320 Speaker 2: It hadn't quite gotten there yet when she moved in, 165 00:10:14,520 --> 00:10:18,440 Speaker 2: but later it did. The house had been built in 166 00:10:18,440 --> 00:10:21,360 Speaker 2: the seventeenth century, and it had a Doric temple out 167 00:10:21,360 --> 00:10:25,679 Speaker 2: in the garden, which had Temple Alamati, or Temple of Friendship, 168 00:10:25,840 --> 00:10:30,000 Speaker 2: carved into its lentil. She had some restoration work done 169 00:10:30,080 --> 00:10:33,000 Speaker 2: on this temple, and the garden and the house and 170 00:10:33,040 --> 00:10:36,840 Speaker 2: the temple became home to her very famous weekly salon, 171 00:10:37,280 --> 00:10:39,599 Speaker 2: which she called her Fridays. 172 00:10:40,160 --> 00:10:43,040 Speaker 1: The salon is the thing Natalie Clifford Barney is most 173 00:10:43,080 --> 00:10:46,800 Speaker 1: well known for, except maybe for her romantic relationships, which 174 00:10:46,840 --> 00:10:51,400 Speaker 1: sometimes overshadow everything else. She held this alone every week, 175 00:10:51,440 --> 00:10:54,120 Speaker 1: starting in nineteen oh nine and continuing for more than 176 00:10:54,160 --> 00:10:57,480 Speaker 1: fifty years. Except what she was traveling or otherwise out 177 00:10:57,520 --> 00:10:59,560 Speaker 1: of the city, and sometimes there were more than one 178 00:10:59,600 --> 00:11:01,120 Speaker 1: hundred people in attendance. 179 00:11:01,800 --> 00:11:05,480 Speaker 2: This is often described as being inspired by the poet's Sappho, 180 00:11:05,640 --> 00:11:08,920 Speaker 2: which includes the museum signage we read at the beginning 181 00:11:08,960 --> 00:11:11,600 Speaker 2: of the episode in part one, but this was open 182 00:11:11,640 --> 00:11:15,760 Speaker 2: to anybody regardless of their gender. Guests included writers like 183 00:11:15,880 --> 00:11:20,240 Speaker 2: Colette and Gertrude Stein, but also Ezra Pound, James Joyce, 184 00:11:20,480 --> 00:11:24,880 Speaker 2: Ernest Hemingway, T. S. Eliot, all same ex patriot writers 185 00:11:25,040 --> 00:11:29,600 Speaker 2: who Gertrude Stein also knew. This was about literature and 186 00:11:29,640 --> 00:11:32,880 Speaker 2: the arts, but at the same time there was a 187 00:11:33,040 --> 00:11:39,000 Speaker 2: definite focus on encouraging and nurturing the creative work of women. Specifically, 188 00:11:39,679 --> 00:11:43,120 Speaker 2: men were allowed, but women were celebrated. 189 00:11:44,000 --> 00:11:47,440 Speaker 1: As we discussed earlier, Barney had also made herself into 190 00:11:47,440 --> 00:11:51,040 Speaker 1: a living example of how someone could live a publicly 191 00:11:51,120 --> 00:11:55,400 Speaker 1: lesbian life without shame or self doubt. She continued this 192 00:11:55,559 --> 00:11:59,360 Speaker 1: after moving to Rujakob, and she intentionally focused her salon 193 00:11:59,720 --> 00:12:03,120 Speaker 1: on al allowing other women to do the same. Historian 194 00:12:03,200 --> 00:12:06,440 Speaker 1: Lilian Faderman framed this as quote a support group for 195 00:12:06,559 --> 00:12:09,840 Speaker 1: lesbians to permit them to create a self image, which 196 00:12:09,920 --> 00:12:14,040 Speaker 1: literature and society denied them, and she also helped women 197 00:12:14,120 --> 00:12:17,719 Speaker 1: writers and artists in more direct ways. At first, this 198 00:12:17,920 --> 00:12:21,520 Speaker 1: was usually more about her time and her attention than 199 00:12:21,559 --> 00:12:24,600 Speaker 1: it was about money, like she would help connect people 200 00:12:24,600 --> 00:12:29,720 Speaker 1: to publishers, or promote their work or find teachers. She 201 00:12:29,840 --> 00:12:32,240 Speaker 1: did that a lot more often than doing something like 202 00:12:32,440 --> 00:12:35,679 Speaker 1: directly funding somebody else's creative endeavors. 203 00:12:36,400 --> 00:12:39,280 Speaker 2: This shifted a little bit later on, but early in 204 00:12:39,320 --> 00:12:43,000 Speaker 2: the twentieth century, her encouragement of other writers and artists 205 00:12:43,080 --> 00:12:47,000 Speaker 2: was more about helping people get attention and resources than 206 00:12:47,040 --> 00:12:50,280 Speaker 2: it was about like becoming somebody's financial patron. 207 00:12:51,280 --> 00:12:55,600 Speaker 1: Also in nineteen oh nine, Natalie met Antoinette Correcine Elizabette, 208 00:12:55,720 --> 00:12:59,199 Speaker 1: Duchess of Clermentrurmire, known as Lily, who was married to 209 00:12:59,240 --> 00:13:03,800 Speaker 1: Philibert de Clare. They met through Lucy de la Rue Mordieux, 210 00:13:03,920 --> 00:13:06,960 Speaker 1: who we mentioned earlier. This would be one of Barney's 211 00:13:07,080 --> 00:13:10,680 Speaker 1: longest relationships. We read from the marriage contract that they 212 00:13:10,720 --> 00:13:12,599 Speaker 1: would go on to write together in part one of 213 00:13:12,640 --> 00:13:16,360 Speaker 1: this episode, and they celebrated their anniversary on May first 214 00:13:16,520 --> 00:13:19,719 Speaker 1: every year until Lily's death, with the exception of the 215 00:13:19,800 --> 00:13:21,920 Speaker 1: years that they were separated due to war. 216 00:13:23,000 --> 00:13:23,880 Speaker 2: Lily was a. 217 00:13:23,800 --> 00:13:26,720 Speaker 1: Poet and a translator, and had published the first French 218 00:13:26,760 --> 00:13:29,320 Speaker 1: translations of the works of John Keats. 219 00:13:29,720 --> 00:13:33,400 Speaker 2: In nineteen ten, Barney was connected to a scandal that, 220 00:13:33,440 --> 00:13:36,280 Speaker 2: for once, did not have to do with her love life. 221 00:13:36,400 --> 00:13:39,440 Speaker 2: Her sister Laura had made a plaster copy of a 222 00:13:39,440 --> 00:13:42,319 Speaker 2: sculpture and sent it to her mother's home of studio 223 00:13:42,400 --> 00:13:45,600 Speaker 2: house in Washington, D C. With instructions to keep it 224 00:13:45,640 --> 00:13:48,520 Speaker 2: outside and covered and to have it sprinkled with water 225 00:13:48,600 --> 00:13:51,760 Speaker 2: every day to allow this plaster to cure and harden. 226 00:13:52,520 --> 00:13:55,679 Speaker 2: There are slightly different details of exactly what happened in 227 00:13:55,800 --> 00:13:58,439 Speaker 2: various news reports and whatever, but like the point is, 228 00:13:58,480 --> 00:14:02,240 Speaker 2: there was a statue, it was covered up. This all 229 00:14:02,280 --> 00:14:05,040 Speaker 2: seemed to go fine until one day the cover blew 230 00:14:05,080 --> 00:14:08,080 Speaker 2: off of it and it turned out this sculpture was 231 00:14:08,120 --> 00:14:13,880 Speaker 2: of a reclining nude woman. It probably would not raise 232 00:14:13,960 --> 00:14:18,320 Speaker 2: many eyebrows today, but for this nude woman statue to 233 00:14:18,360 --> 00:14:20,360 Speaker 2: be out in front of a home in Washington, D C. 234 00:14:20,520 --> 00:14:23,720 Speaker 2: In nineteen ten just caused a lot of outrage. It 235 00:14:23,800 --> 00:14:26,840 Speaker 2: was also rumored that Natalie had been the model for 236 00:14:26,920 --> 00:14:31,840 Speaker 2: the sculpture, not really clear whether that's the case. 237 00:14:31,960 --> 00:14:38,600 Speaker 1: She does seem to have denied that, though scandal. Barney 238 00:14:38,640 --> 00:14:44,680 Speaker 1: published three books that year, At Parpiamond, Jemousuvien and Acte 239 00:14:44,880 --> 00:14:50,040 Speaker 1: enract et Parpiamon or Scatterings, was essentially a collection of epigrams. 240 00:14:50,600 --> 00:14:53,760 Speaker 1: Barney was known for having an epigrammatic wit. She would 241 00:14:53,760 --> 00:14:56,200 Speaker 1: basically sit at the salon listening to what was going 242 00:14:56,240 --> 00:14:58,960 Speaker 1: on around her, and then toss off a very clever 243 00:14:59,080 --> 00:15:03,160 Speaker 1: sentence or two. Barney's most popular published works were her 244 00:15:03,160 --> 00:15:08,200 Speaker 1: epigram collections. Jemousouvian was a prose poem about Pauline tarn 245 00:15:08,640 --> 00:15:12,440 Speaker 1: also known as renaevy Vienne, which she had written years before, 246 00:15:12,640 --> 00:15:15,880 Speaker 1: but she didn't publish it until after Tarne's death, and 247 00:15:16,120 --> 00:15:20,040 Speaker 1: At Dampraqte was a collection of short dramatic works and poetry. 248 00:15:20,720 --> 00:15:23,720 Speaker 2: That same year, Barney also made friends with poet Remy 249 00:15:23,800 --> 00:15:28,160 Speaker 2: du Gourmont, who helped popularize at Parpillmont after she gave 250 00:15:28,240 --> 00:15:32,120 Speaker 2: him a copy. Remy du Gourmont is who nicknamed Barney 251 00:15:32,200 --> 00:15:35,480 Speaker 2: the Amazon thanks to both her skill with horses and 252 00:15:35,520 --> 00:15:39,280 Speaker 2: her reputation as a lover. He went on to publish 253 00:15:39,360 --> 00:15:43,240 Speaker 2: two books that were pretty much fictionalized letters to her. 254 00:15:43,800 --> 00:15:48,840 Speaker 2: They were Lettra Lamizon in nineteen fourteen and Lettra INtime Lamizon, 255 00:15:48,920 --> 00:15:51,800 Speaker 2: which was published posthumously in nineteen twenty seven. 256 00:15:52,680 --> 00:15:56,680 Speaker 1: In nineteen eleven, Natalie's mother, Alice, married Christian Hemick and 257 00:15:56,760 --> 00:16:00,160 Speaker 1: her sister Laura married Ippoly Dreyfus in a double wedding. 258 00:16:00,800 --> 00:16:04,000 Speaker 1: Drefus was the first French Bahai, and he and Laura 259 00:16:04,080 --> 00:16:08,720 Speaker 1: each took the surname Dreyfus. Barney Hemick was much younger 260 00:16:08,760 --> 00:16:11,880 Speaker 1: than Alice. She was sixty one and he was twenty six, 261 00:16:12,160 --> 00:16:15,520 Speaker 1: so he was also younger than both her daughters. Neither 262 00:16:15,640 --> 00:16:18,160 Speaker 1: daughter was happy about this, but it did seem like 263 00:16:18,280 --> 00:16:21,480 Speaker 1: Christian made their mother happy. At the same time, this 264 00:16:21,600 --> 00:16:25,360 Speaker 1: marriage was widely written about in tabloids and gossip columns, 265 00:16:25,800 --> 00:16:28,760 Speaker 1: many of them implying that he was after Alice's money. 266 00:16:29,760 --> 00:16:32,720 Speaker 1: After she put that money into an irrevocable trust that 267 00:16:32,760 --> 00:16:36,120 Speaker 1: would eventually go to her daughters, the headlines started focusing 268 00:16:36,120 --> 00:16:38,640 Speaker 1: on how much money she'd been willing to cut herself 269 00:16:38,680 --> 00:16:41,800 Speaker 1: off from in order to marry this very young man. 270 00:16:42,480 --> 00:16:46,560 Speaker 2: Alice's marriage fell apart during World War One. In part 271 00:16:46,560 --> 00:16:48,560 Speaker 2: one of this episode, we talked about how she had 272 00:16:48,600 --> 00:16:51,160 Speaker 2: been planning to stay with Natalie while dealing with some 273 00:16:51,320 --> 00:16:55,200 Speaker 2: drama of her own, but had at least temporarily changed 274 00:16:55,200 --> 00:16:58,840 Speaker 2: her mind because of her complicated feelings about her daughter's sexuality. 275 00:16:58,920 --> 00:17:02,160 Speaker 2: That drama was the end of her marriage to Christian Hemmick. 276 00:17:02,960 --> 00:17:06,800 Speaker 2: Hemick claimed that the marriage had fallen apart because Alice 277 00:17:06,880 --> 00:17:10,399 Speaker 2: did not approve of his involvement in the theater, but 278 00:17:10,560 --> 00:17:14,719 Speaker 2: the last straw was apparently his affair with a young actor, 279 00:17:14,800 --> 00:17:17,320 Speaker 2: specifically a young male actor. 280 00:17:18,520 --> 00:17:21,800 Speaker 1: Also, during World War One, the focus of Barney's Friday 281 00:17:21,840 --> 00:17:27,120 Speaker 1: salons shifted. She was vehemently opposed to the war. While 282 00:17:27,160 --> 00:17:30,119 Speaker 1: many of her friends started working as nurses or ambulance 283 00:17:30,200 --> 00:17:33,720 Speaker 1: drivers or journalists, Barney felt like working toward the war 284 00:17:33,800 --> 00:17:37,399 Speaker 1: effort would essentially be condoning it, so she stayed home 285 00:17:37,800 --> 00:17:40,639 Speaker 1: and she turned the salon into a meeting for pacifists 286 00:17:40,680 --> 00:17:44,639 Speaker 1: and anti war activists and hosted a women's conference for peace. 287 00:17:45,440 --> 00:17:48,520 Speaker 1: The closest thing she did to becoming directly involved in 288 00:17:48,560 --> 00:17:52,440 Speaker 1: the war effort was hosting a movie night for wounded soldiers. 289 00:17:53,000 --> 00:17:56,280 Speaker 2: During the early months of the war, Natalie also met 290 00:17:56,359 --> 00:17:59,000 Speaker 2: one of the other great loves of her life, painter 291 00:17:59,240 --> 00:18:03,000 Speaker 2: Romayne Brooks. Brooke had wanted to volunteer as an ambulance 292 00:18:03,080 --> 00:18:05,679 Speaker 2: driver during the war, but could not because of a 293 00:18:05,720 --> 00:18:09,560 Speaker 2: back problem. Instead, she had established a fund to help 294 00:18:09,680 --> 00:18:13,760 Speaker 2: artists who had been injured in battle. Her relationship with 295 00:18:13,840 --> 00:18:18,280 Speaker 2: Natalie Clifford Barney lasted for more than fifty years. In 296 00:18:18,359 --> 00:18:22,560 Speaker 2: nineteen twenty, Natalie Clifford Barney started a collaboration with American 297 00:18:22,600 --> 00:18:26,600 Speaker 2: poet Ezra Pound on a project called Bells Free. Their 298 00:18:26,640 --> 00:18:29,600 Speaker 2: plan was that they would choose two writers, one working 299 00:18:29,640 --> 00:18:32,240 Speaker 2: in English and one in French, and they would fund 300 00:18:32,359 --> 00:18:35,879 Speaker 2: their work. This plan never came to fruition, though. 301 00:18:36,080 --> 00:18:38,800 Speaker 1: They chose T. S. Eliot for the English language writer 302 00:18:38,960 --> 00:18:42,440 Speaker 1: and Paul Verrie for French, but neither of them accepted 303 00:18:42,480 --> 00:18:46,040 Speaker 1: their financial help. This doesn't seem to have been connected 304 00:18:46,040 --> 00:18:49,840 Speaker 1: to their feelings about Barney or Pound. Both writers were 305 00:18:49,840 --> 00:18:52,560 Speaker 1: coming into other sources of funding, so they just didn't 306 00:18:52,600 --> 00:18:54,359 Speaker 1: really need this kind of patronage. 307 00:18:54,760 --> 00:18:57,639 Speaker 2: Yeah, if I'm remembering correctly, this is like right after T. S. 308 00:18:57,680 --> 00:19:02,080 Speaker 2: Eliott published The Wasteland and then suddenly had other opportunities. 309 00:19:03,320 --> 00:19:07,320 Speaker 2: I don't remember what exactly had happened with Paul Valerie, 310 00:19:07,359 --> 00:19:12,200 Speaker 2: but to just move ahead a little bit. It's likely 311 00:19:12,440 --> 00:19:15,720 Speaker 2: that Barney met Gertrude Stein and Alice B. Toklas for 312 00:19:15,760 --> 00:19:20,320 Speaker 2: the first time in nineteen twenty six. Stein and Toklas 313 00:19:20,320 --> 00:19:23,040 Speaker 2: had been living at twenty seven Rue Defderuru, which was 314 00:19:23,080 --> 00:19:25,960 Speaker 2: maybe a twenty minute walk away from where Barney lived. 315 00:19:25,960 --> 00:19:28,520 Speaker 2: At least according to Google Maps, he'd been living there 316 00:19:28,560 --> 00:19:32,200 Speaker 2: since nineteen oh three. But even though Stein and Toklas 317 00:19:32,200 --> 00:19:36,160 Speaker 2: were also Americans, and they also hosted a famous literary salon, 318 00:19:36,200 --> 00:19:38,680 Speaker 2: and they knew and were friends with just so many 319 00:19:38,720 --> 00:19:42,480 Speaker 2: of these same people, they also led very different lives 320 00:19:42,520 --> 00:19:46,000 Speaker 2: from Natalie Clifford Barney. Stein and Toklas had met in 321 00:19:46,080 --> 00:19:48,800 Speaker 2: nineteen oh seven, and they had been in a committed 322 00:19:48,840 --> 00:19:53,400 Speaker 2: relationship with each other and only each other for almost 323 00:19:53,440 --> 00:19:57,520 Speaker 2: twenty years. This was just not how Natalie Clifford Barney 324 00:19:57,560 --> 00:20:02,359 Speaker 2: approached her relationships at all. There does not seem to 325 00:20:02,440 --> 00:20:05,480 Speaker 2: be any clear documentation about why it took so long 326 00:20:05,600 --> 00:20:08,919 Speaker 2: for these women to make one another's acquaintance. But it 327 00:20:09,040 --> 00:20:12,840 Speaker 2: does not seem like it was just happenstance that it 328 00:20:12,920 --> 00:20:15,639 Speaker 2: took more than fifteen years, Like you would need to 329 00:20:15,640 --> 00:20:18,479 Speaker 2: be kind of going out of your way to avoid 330 00:20:18,520 --> 00:20:19,639 Speaker 2: each other at that point. 331 00:20:20,720 --> 00:20:25,000 Speaker 1: In nineteen twenty seven, Barney established Lacademie de Fame, or 332 00:20:25,119 --> 00:20:28,919 Speaker 1: Women's Academy. This was in response to the refusal of 333 00:20:28,960 --> 00:20:32,480 Speaker 1: the Academy Flances to admit women into its ruling council 334 00:20:32,600 --> 00:20:38,120 Speaker 1: of forty immortals. Lacademie de Femme's first honorees included Collette 335 00:20:38,160 --> 00:20:41,760 Speaker 1: and Gertrude Stein. Although this effort doesn't seem to have 336 00:20:41,840 --> 00:20:44,240 Speaker 1: lasted for very long, it was notable and that it 337 00:20:44,280 --> 00:20:47,080 Speaker 1: brought additional attention to the work of women writers in 338 00:20:47,160 --> 00:20:50,359 Speaker 1: France who were not being taken seriously by the French 339 00:20:50,440 --> 00:20:51,720 Speaker 1: literary establishment. 340 00:20:52,520 --> 00:20:56,760 Speaker 2: Also in nineteen twenty seven, Barney met Dolly Wilde, niece 341 00:20:56,920 --> 00:21:00,600 Speaker 2: of Oscar Wilde. She's often described as an another of 342 00:21:00,640 --> 00:21:04,360 Speaker 2: Barney's great loves, although their relationship, as many of them were, 343 00:21:04,480 --> 00:21:08,399 Speaker 2: was definitely tumultuous, and she and Romain Brooks did not 344 00:21:08,720 --> 00:21:09,320 Speaker 2: get along. 345 00:21:10,359 --> 00:21:14,440 Speaker 1: In nineteen twenty eight, Radcliffe Hall published The Well of Loneliness, 346 00:21:14,600 --> 00:21:18,720 Speaker 1: a highly autobiographical novel that tells the story of Stephen Gordon, 347 00:21:18,920 --> 00:21:23,840 Speaker 1: who is of course patterned after Hall. Another character, Valerie Semour, 348 00:21:24,080 --> 00:21:28,680 Speaker 1: is a lightly fictionalized version of Natalie Clifford Barney. These 349 00:21:28,680 --> 00:21:32,760 Speaker 1: two characters are dramatically different from one another. Stephen is 350 00:21:32,800 --> 00:21:35,359 Speaker 1: plagued with shame and self doubt, while Valerie is the 351 00:21:35,440 --> 00:21:40,520 Speaker 1: exact opposite. This novel was both groundbreaking and controversial, and 352 00:21:40,560 --> 00:21:44,200 Speaker 1: it was immediately banned in the UK. The year after 353 00:21:44,240 --> 00:21:46,840 Speaker 1: it made its debut, Radcliffe Hall was a guest of 354 00:21:46,880 --> 00:21:50,920 Speaker 1: honor at Barney's salon, along with longtime partner Una Trubridge. 355 00:21:51,760 --> 00:21:54,480 Speaker 2: To pause for just a moment. At this point, the 356 00:21:54,520 --> 00:21:59,240 Speaker 2: way most people talked about in conceptualized sexuality and gender 357 00:21:59,800 --> 00:22:05,720 Speaker 2: was generally much different from how it is today. Many psychologists, sociologists, 358 00:22:05,720 --> 00:22:09,760 Speaker 2: and the like lumped gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender people 359 00:22:09,920 --> 00:22:15,400 Speaker 2: all together under the label of sexual invert. One prevailing 360 00:22:15,440 --> 00:22:19,120 Speaker 2: theory was that lesbians were men trapped in women's bodies 361 00:22:19,160 --> 00:22:21,919 Speaker 2: and gay men were women trapped in men's bodies, and 362 00:22:21,960 --> 00:22:26,600 Speaker 2: the vast majority of psychologists and other researchers saw all 363 00:22:26,640 --> 00:22:32,280 Speaker 2: of this as deviant and pathological. There were some exceptions, 364 00:22:32,320 --> 00:22:35,200 Speaker 2: including Magnus Hirschfeld, who we talked about on the show 365 00:22:35,240 --> 00:22:39,399 Speaker 2: in twenty eighteen, but for the most part, sexuality and 366 00:22:39,520 --> 00:22:42,400 Speaker 2: gender were conflated in a lot of ways. That they 367 00:22:43,119 --> 00:22:44,840 Speaker 2: really aren't today. 368 00:22:46,080 --> 00:22:49,359 Speaker 1: Natalie Clifford Barney did not agree with the idea that 369 00:22:49,400 --> 00:22:52,119 Speaker 1: she was a man trapped in a woman's body, and 370 00:22:52,160 --> 00:22:55,080 Speaker 1: this fed into a dislike of what she perceived as 371 00:22:55,160 --> 00:22:58,399 Speaker 1: cross dressing. We talked in Part one about how she 372 00:22:58,520 --> 00:23:00,919 Speaker 1: dressed as a page to visit and a pougee for 373 00:23:00,920 --> 00:23:04,840 Speaker 1: the first time, but that was different. That was a costume. 374 00:23:04,920 --> 00:23:07,920 Speaker 1: She didn't consider that her mode of dress right. That 375 00:23:08,000 --> 00:23:10,639 Speaker 1: was not her everyday wear at all. Radcliffe Hall and 376 00:23:10,760 --> 00:23:13,080 Speaker 1: Una Truebridge, on the other hand, were the kinds of 377 00:23:13,119 --> 00:23:15,840 Speaker 1: suits that would have been more commonly worn by men. 378 00:23:16,760 --> 00:23:20,080 Speaker 1: There are some scholars today who interpret Radcliffe Hall, who 379 00:23:20,119 --> 00:23:24,520 Speaker 1: identified as an invert, as a trans man. But Barney 380 00:23:24,520 --> 00:23:26,879 Speaker 1: and some of her friends made fun of Hall and 381 00:23:26,960 --> 00:23:29,520 Speaker 1: Truebridge for what they chose to wear and how they 382 00:23:29,600 --> 00:23:31,080 Speaker 1: carried themselves. 383 00:23:31,359 --> 00:23:34,520 Speaker 2: We will get to Barney's life during the Great Depression 384 00:23:34,640 --> 00:23:46,800 Speaker 2: and World War Two after a sponsor break. After the 385 00:23:46,800 --> 00:23:50,560 Speaker 2: Great Depression started in nineteen twenty nine, many but definitely 386 00:23:50,600 --> 00:23:53,719 Speaker 2: not all, of the American writers and artists who had 387 00:23:53,760 --> 00:23:59,000 Speaker 2: been frequenting Barney's salon returned home, so her fridays were 388 00:23:59,040 --> 00:24:02,400 Speaker 2: somewhat smaller, both in terms of their attendance and their 389 00:24:02,440 --> 00:24:07,399 Speaker 2: extravagance until the economy started to improve. Overall, though, the 390 00:24:07,440 --> 00:24:11,720 Speaker 2: Barney family's finances just weren't too terribly affected by it. 391 00:24:11,880 --> 00:24:15,520 Speaker 2: Like Natalie and her mother and sister, they all had 392 00:24:15,560 --> 00:24:19,960 Speaker 2: a lot of money. Alice had less money to access 393 00:24:20,000 --> 00:24:22,520 Speaker 2: than her daughters did, so it does seem like she 394 00:24:22,600 --> 00:24:25,480 Speaker 2: felt it a lot more, But there are times when 395 00:24:25,520 --> 00:24:28,879 Speaker 2: Natalie seemed oblivious to the fact that there was a 396 00:24:29,280 --> 00:24:33,480 Speaker 2: depression going on. Natalie and Romayne Brooks also took a 397 00:24:33,480 --> 00:24:36,880 Speaker 2: trip to North America in late nineteen twenty nine, spending 398 00:24:36,920 --> 00:24:39,680 Speaker 2: some time in New York before Natalie spent six weeks 399 00:24:39,680 --> 00:24:43,160 Speaker 2: traveling with her mother. This was the last visit they 400 00:24:43,200 --> 00:24:46,800 Speaker 2: had together. They were preparing for another when Alice died 401 00:24:46,880 --> 00:24:50,879 Speaker 2: on October twelfth, nineteen thirty one. That same year, Romayne 402 00:24:50,880 --> 00:24:54,880 Speaker 2: Brooks gave Natalie an ultimatum that either she and her 403 00:24:54,920 --> 00:24:59,440 Speaker 2: relationship with Dolly Wilde or Romayne would leave. As we 404 00:24:59,480 --> 00:25:02,440 Speaker 2: said earlier, remain did not like Dolly. Among other things, 405 00:25:02,440 --> 00:25:05,320 Speaker 2: she found Dolly to be immature and shallow. She did 406 00:25:05,359 --> 00:25:09,320 Speaker 2: not like Dolly's heavy drug and alcohol use. After kind 407 00:25:09,359 --> 00:25:12,360 Speaker 2: of agonizing about what to do, for a while. Natalie 408 00:25:12,400 --> 00:25:16,159 Speaker 2: eventually chose to remain, although Romayne did eventually allow her 409 00:25:16,200 --> 00:25:17,240 Speaker 2: to see Dolly again. 410 00:25:18,200 --> 00:25:20,600 Speaker 1: In the early months of World War II in Europe, 411 00:25:20,720 --> 00:25:23,640 Speaker 1: Natalie made arrangements for Dolly Wilde to go to London. 412 00:25:24,440 --> 00:25:28,120 Speaker 1: Natalie's sister Laura returned to the United States. Her husband, 413 00:25:28,160 --> 00:25:31,760 Speaker 1: Ippolyte Dreyfus Barney had died in nineteen twenty eight, and 414 00:25:31,800 --> 00:25:34,000 Speaker 1: while he was a Bahai at the time of his death, 415 00:25:34,160 --> 00:25:37,760 Speaker 1: he was also Jewish by birth. The Nazis had also 416 00:25:37,840 --> 00:25:41,359 Speaker 1: banned the Bahai faith in Germany, and Bahai's face persecution, 417 00:25:41,720 --> 00:25:45,720 Speaker 1: mass arrest, and death under the Nazi regime. So as 418 00:25:45,800 --> 00:25:48,960 Speaker 1: the widow of a Jewish man and a Bahai herself, 419 00:25:49,040 --> 00:25:50,200 Speaker 1: Laura was at risk. 420 00:25:51,000 --> 00:25:54,879 Speaker 2: Yeah, not really relevant whether he considered himself Jewish at 421 00:25:54,880 --> 00:25:58,560 Speaker 2: that point, and I could not say, like how I 422 00:25:58,600 --> 00:26:00,240 Speaker 2: did not read any of his own writing on this, 423 00:26:00,320 --> 00:26:05,359 Speaker 2: but like to the Nazis, he was Jewish. Natalie initially 424 00:26:05,400 --> 00:26:09,159 Speaker 2: decided to join Romayne Brooks in Florence, where Romayne had 425 00:26:09,160 --> 00:26:13,760 Speaker 2: been living. She made this decision before Italy formally entered 426 00:26:13,800 --> 00:26:19,760 Speaker 2: the war. Apparently they expected Italy to remain neutral. Of course, 427 00:26:19,840 --> 00:26:23,880 Speaker 2: that neutrality perceived did not last long at all, and 428 00:26:23,920 --> 00:26:26,639 Speaker 2: then by the time she and Remain decided that they 429 00:26:26,640 --> 00:26:28,560 Speaker 2: should try to get out of Europe, they could not 430 00:26:28,680 --> 00:26:31,600 Speaker 2: get a travel permit to do so, so they were 431 00:26:31,640 --> 00:26:34,760 Speaker 2: stuck in fascist Italy for the duration. 432 00:26:35,800 --> 00:26:38,760 Speaker 1: Although Barney had been vocally opposed to World War One, 433 00:26:39,480 --> 00:26:42,720 Speaker 1: her beliefs during World War II are a bit more complicated, 434 00:26:43,359 --> 00:26:45,879 Speaker 1: as was the case with Gertrude Stein's working as a 435 00:26:45,920 --> 00:26:49,600 Speaker 1: propagandist for the Vishy government during the Nazi occupation of France. 436 00:26:50,359 --> 00:26:52,640 Speaker 1: It's not clear how much of this was her attempt 437 00:26:52,640 --> 00:26:56,840 Speaker 1: to survive and how much reflected her actual beliefs. One 438 00:26:56,880 --> 00:26:59,840 Speaker 1: of Barney's great grandparents was Jewish, and she had pre 439 00:27:00,320 --> 00:27:04,199 Speaker 1: written about her Jewish ancestry with pride, but under the 440 00:27:04,280 --> 00:27:08,359 Speaker 1: Nuremberg race laws, one Jewish great grandparent meant that she 441 00:27:08,520 --> 00:27:12,600 Speaker 1: was mixed race. Her landlords at twenty Ru Jacob were 442 00:27:12,640 --> 00:27:15,400 Speaker 1: also Jewish, and at one point during the German occupation 443 00:27:15,480 --> 00:27:19,280 Speaker 1: of Paris, Nazis tried to seize everything from her home. 444 00:27:20,200 --> 00:27:25,280 Speaker 1: Bert Clerue, Bernie's housekeeper for about fifty years, somehow convinced 445 00:27:25,280 --> 00:27:28,520 Speaker 1: them that they'd confused Natalie with her sister Laura and 446 00:27:28,600 --> 00:27:31,119 Speaker 1: that Laura was now in the United States. 447 00:27:31,400 --> 00:27:35,439 Speaker 2: Yeah, I don't fully understand how she managed to like 448 00:27:35,600 --> 00:27:41,160 Speaker 2: get the Nazis to mostly leave Barney's home in Paris alone. 449 00:27:41,280 --> 00:27:46,359 Speaker 2: Had Barney stayed in Paris, she certainly would have been arrested. 450 00:27:48,000 --> 00:27:51,520 Speaker 2: After Hitler came to power in Germany, Barney had stopped 451 00:27:51,560 --> 00:27:55,119 Speaker 2: talking about her Jewish ancestry, and at the beginning of 452 00:27:55,160 --> 00:27:58,760 Speaker 2: the war she also published another book of epigrams called 453 00:27:58,880 --> 00:28:02,280 Speaker 2: Nouvelle ponseide Lamazon, and some of these were kind of 454 00:28:02,320 --> 00:28:06,640 Speaker 2: anti Semitic. Barney and Brooks also seemed to have genuinely 455 00:28:06,680 --> 00:28:09,640 Speaker 2: believed a lot of the fascist propaganda that they were 456 00:28:09,680 --> 00:28:13,159 Speaker 2: exposed to while living in Italy, which framed the United 457 00:28:13,200 --> 00:28:16,600 Speaker 2: States as the aggressors in the war. Some of Barney's 458 00:28:16,640 --> 00:28:21,800 Speaker 2: wartime writing expressed support for Italy's fascist government. It is 459 00:28:21,880 --> 00:28:24,800 Speaker 2: not possible to simply write all of this off as 460 00:28:24,840 --> 00:28:27,480 Speaker 2: her just trying to stay under the radar during the war, 461 00:28:27,560 --> 00:28:31,560 Speaker 2: though some of Barney's earlier epigrams had also played into 462 00:28:31,640 --> 00:28:35,479 Speaker 2: negative stereotypes of Jewish people, and while she had always 463 00:28:35,520 --> 00:28:38,160 Speaker 2: been really ahead of her time in terms of things 464 00:28:38,240 --> 00:28:42,040 Speaker 2: like same sex relationships, her overall politics tended to be 465 00:28:42,080 --> 00:28:45,400 Speaker 2: more conservative when she was aware of what was going 466 00:28:45,440 --> 00:28:49,880 Speaker 2: on politically at all. She was close friends and collaborators 467 00:28:49,920 --> 00:28:53,960 Speaker 2: with Ezra Pound, who was deeply anti Semitic. At the 468 00:28:53,960 --> 00:28:56,920 Speaker 2: same time, Barney also used her wealth and connections to 469 00:28:57,000 --> 00:28:59,480 Speaker 2: try to get Jewish friends out of Europe and to 470 00:28:59,480 --> 00:29:03,520 Speaker 2: support other people who had to flee. According to some sources, 471 00:29:03,520 --> 00:29:07,040 Speaker 2: when Collette's husband, Maurice Gudaquet was arrested by the Gestapo, 472 00:29:07,600 --> 00:29:09,920 Speaker 2: Barney was one of the people who tried to get 473 00:29:09,960 --> 00:29:14,560 Speaker 2: him released. During the war, she lost a lot of people. 474 00:29:14,680 --> 00:29:19,400 Speaker 2: On April tenth, nineteen forty one, Dolly Wilde died. Her 475 00:29:19,440 --> 00:29:23,320 Speaker 2: official cause of death was undetermined. Some sources cited breast cancer, 476 00:29:23,400 --> 00:29:25,800 Speaker 2: and others said that she had taken her own life. 477 00:29:26,400 --> 00:29:30,600 Speaker 2: Lucie Delarue Mardieux also died in nineteen forty five, and 478 00:29:30,840 --> 00:29:34,000 Speaker 2: Barney had other friends and former partners who died during 479 00:29:34,040 --> 00:29:37,400 Speaker 2: the war. These were mostly unrelated to things that actually 480 00:29:37,480 --> 00:29:39,880 Speaker 2: had to do with the fighting or the effects of 481 00:29:39,920 --> 00:29:43,920 Speaker 2: the fighting. In addition to her grief over these deaths, 482 00:29:44,240 --> 00:29:46,800 Speaker 2: she just found it upsetting that she couldn't be there 483 00:29:46,920 --> 00:29:49,160 Speaker 2: for any of these people, and in a lot of cases. 484 00:29:49,280 --> 00:29:51,600 Speaker 2: She did not even hear about any of their deaths 485 00:29:51,720 --> 00:29:55,240 Speaker 2: until much much later. While World War Two ended in 486 00:29:55,320 --> 00:29:58,800 Speaker 2: Europe in nineteen forty five, Barney couldn't return to Paris 487 00:29:58,920 --> 00:30:04,080 Speaker 2: until nineteen forty s Romayne Brooks remained in Florence. At first, 488 00:30:04,360 --> 00:30:07,200 Speaker 2: Natalie had to move into her sister's old apartment because 489 00:30:07,240 --> 00:30:09,640 Speaker 2: the house on ru Jakub had fallen into so much 490 00:30:09,720 --> 00:30:13,040 Speaker 2: disrepair while she was away during the war. She could 491 00:30:13,080 --> 00:30:16,480 Speaker 2: not start hosting her Fridays again until nineteen forty nine, 492 00:30:17,040 --> 00:30:19,520 Speaker 2: and then she could no longer use the doric temple 493 00:30:19,600 --> 00:30:23,239 Speaker 2: in the garden because the floor had collapsed. Food had 494 00:30:23,280 --> 00:30:25,800 Speaker 2: always been a big part of these gatherings, and that 495 00:30:25,960 --> 00:30:29,000 Speaker 2: was even more true in the post war years. There 496 00:30:29,120 --> 00:30:32,040 Speaker 2: was still so much deprivation, and many of the writers 497 00:30:32,080 --> 00:30:34,560 Speaker 2: and artists who attended were not getting enough to eat. 498 00:30:35,440 --> 00:30:38,240 Speaker 2: Barney was impressed at how Bert Clare Gou managed to 499 00:30:38,320 --> 00:30:42,120 Speaker 2: pull it off every week. Gertrude Stein died in nineteen 500 00:30:42,240 --> 00:30:45,200 Speaker 2: forty six, and after this Barney became closer friends with 501 00:30:45,280 --> 00:30:48,880 Speaker 2: Alice B. Telkliss. Eva Palmer died in nineteen fifty two. 502 00:30:49,280 --> 00:30:53,200 Speaker 2: Collette died in nineteen fifty four, so did Elizabeth de 503 00:30:53,320 --> 00:30:56,000 Speaker 2: Gramma known as Lily, at the age of seventy nine. 504 00:30:56,680 --> 00:30:59,720 Speaker 2: Her relationship with Barney had continued until the end of 505 00:30:59,760 --> 00:31:03,760 Speaker 2: her life. Then Marie lawn Sand died in nineteen fifty seven. 506 00:31:04,720 --> 00:31:07,960 Speaker 1: Barney outlived a lot of her friends and former partners, 507 00:31:08,640 --> 00:31:11,520 Speaker 1: like Stein and Toklas. Her salon had brought together some 508 00:31:11,680 --> 00:31:15,200 Speaker 1: of the early twentieth centuries foremost writers and artists, and 509 00:31:15,320 --> 00:31:19,920 Speaker 1: had influenced the development of modernism, but through the nineteen sixties, 510 00:31:20,000 --> 00:31:23,480 Speaker 1: attendance at her salons gradually got smaller, and both Barney 511 00:31:23,640 --> 00:31:27,480 Speaker 1: and her fridays were seen as less groundbreaking and less relevant. 512 00:31:28,360 --> 00:31:31,080 Speaker 2: She and Laura started making plans for what would happen 513 00:31:31,200 --> 00:31:34,920 Speaker 2: after their deaths, and they decided that rather than being 514 00:31:35,080 --> 00:31:38,560 Speaker 2: buried by her husband in molmart that Laura would be 515 00:31:38,680 --> 00:31:42,320 Speaker 2: buried next to Natalie in Passey's cemetery, and a plot 516 00:31:42,440 --> 00:31:44,760 Speaker 2: that had been given to Natalie by a friend several 517 00:31:44,880 --> 00:31:45,560 Speaker 2: years before. 518 00:31:46,640 --> 00:31:50,120 Speaker 1: In nineteen sixty two, Barney had two heart attacks, and 519 00:31:50,200 --> 00:31:52,840 Speaker 1: by nineteen sixty five she needed help just with her 520 00:31:52,880 --> 00:31:56,360 Speaker 1: day to day living. This came from her housekeeper, Bert, 521 00:31:56,560 --> 00:31:59,920 Speaker 1: and also from Janine La Hoovery, whose relationship with Barney 522 00:32:00,200 --> 00:32:04,560 Speaker 1: had started in the nineteen fifties. Then in nineteen sixty six, 523 00:32:04,960 --> 00:32:07,200 Speaker 1: Barney was served noticed that she would have to move 524 00:32:07,360 --> 00:32:10,120 Speaker 1: out of the house on Ru Jacob in nineteen seventy. 525 00:32:11,120 --> 00:32:14,440 Speaker 1: This four year notice was legally required, and the fact 526 00:32:14,480 --> 00:32:17,400 Speaker 1: that it was given at all led to outrage, especially 527 00:32:17,480 --> 00:32:20,400 Speaker 1: among the people who recognized the importance of the salals 528 00:32:20,480 --> 00:32:24,440 Speaker 1: she had hosted there for so many years. The landlord 529 00:32:24,560 --> 00:32:28,360 Speaker 1: started construction work on the property, which also raised people's ire, 530 00:32:28,600 --> 00:32:30,680 Speaker 1: and used that as a way to make living there 531 00:32:31,240 --> 00:32:35,560 Speaker 1: unpleasant enough that maybe Barney would just move out early. Yeah, 532 00:32:35,600 --> 00:32:37,480 Speaker 1: the landlord seems to have sort of been like, maybe 533 00:32:37,680 --> 00:32:40,560 Speaker 1: if I just turned the kitchen into a construction zone, 534 00:32:40,880 --> 00:32:42,960 Speaker 1: you'll get fed up with this and I won't have 535 00:32:43,080 --> 00:32:46,640 Speaker 1: to wait for whole years. Toward the end of the 536 00:32:46,760 --> 00:32:49,960 Speaker 1: nineteen sixties, as all of this was going on, Barney's 537 00:32:49,960 --> 00:32:53,880 Speaker 1: relationship with Romayne Brooks fell apart, and Brooks stopped answering 538 00:32:54,080 --> 00:32:57,640 Speaker 1: her letters. So Barney this was really devastating, and then 539 00:32:57,760 --> 00:33:02,360 Speaker 1: Romayne Brooks died in nineteen seventy. Natalie Clifford Barney died 540 00:33:02,400 --> 00:33:05,480 Speaker 1: in Paris on February second, nineteen seventy two. At the 541 00:33:05,560 --> 00:33:08,480 Speaker 1: age of ninety five in the arms of Jeanine Lehovery. 542 00:33:09,320 --> 00:33:12,600 Speaker 1: During her lifetime, she had published twelve books and written 543 00:33:13,200 --> 00:33:18,000 Speaker 1: tons of other unpublished material, including at least forty thousand letters. 544 00:33:18,880 --> 00:33:24,120 Speaker 2: Barney's tombstone at Pessi's cemetery described her as Ekrevan or writer, 545 00:33:25,040 --> 00:33:30,440 Speaker 2: followed by Elfuis Lamazon de Remy de Gourmont at her request. 546 00:33:30,640 --> 00:33:36,400 Speaker 2: The tombstone also bore the inscription Jesus adetre legendaire ou Gereville. 547 00:33:37,000 --> 00:33:40,120 Speaker 2: I probably said that very badly, but it roughly translates 548 00:33:40,200 --> 00:33:43,600 Speaker 2: as I am this legendary being in which I will 549 00:33:43,680 --> 00:33:47,520 Speaker 2: live again. She was fictionalized in a number of novels 550 00:33:47,560 --> 00:33:50,680 Speaker 2: about Paris in the early twentieth century, including, as you 551 00:33:50,800 --> 00:33:54,960 Speaker 2: mentioned earlier, Radcliffe Hall's The Well of Loneliness. The Well 552 00:33:55,040 --> 00:33:58,080 Speaker 2: of Loneliness entered the public domain in the US this year, 553 00:33:58,160 --> 00:34:01,560 Speaker 2: so let's read some of its description of Barney's counterpart, 554 00:34:01,760 --> 00:34:06,560 Speaker 2: Valerie Seymour. Quote Valerie placid and self assured, created an 555 00:34:06,560 --> 00:34:11,279 Speaker 2: atmosphere of courage. Everyone felt very normal and brave when 556 00:34:11,320 --> 00:34:15,280 Speaker 2: they gathered at Valerie Seymour's. There she was this charming 557 00:34:15,320 --> 00:34:18,320 Speaker 2: and cultured woman, a kind of lighthouse in a storm 558 00:34:18,400 --> 00:34:21,880 Speaker 2: swept ocean. The waves had lashed round her feet in 559 00:34:22,040 --> 00:34:26,640 Speaker 2: vain winds had howled, clouds had spewed forth their hail 560 00:34:26,719 --> 00:34:30,520 Speaker 2: and their lightning. Torrents had deluged, but had not destroyed her. 561 00:34:31,160 --> 00:34:35,600 Speaker 2: The storm's gathering force broke and drifted away, leaving behind 562 00:34:35,719 --> 00:34:38,960 Speaker 2: them the shipwrecked the drowning. But when they looked up, 563 00:34:39,040 --> 00:34:42,239 Speaker 2: the poor spluttering victims, why what should they see but 564 00:34:42,400 --> 00:34:45,920 Speaker 2: Valerie Seymour. Then a few would strike boldly out for 565 00:34:46,040 --> 00:34:49,759 Speaker 2: the shore. At the sight of this indestructible creature. She 566 00:34:50,000 --> 00:34:53,560 Speaker 2: did nothing, and at all times said very little, feeling 567 00:34:53,680 --> 00:34:57,759 Speaker 2: no urge towards philanthropy. But this much she gave to 568 00:34:57,880 --> 00:35:01,759 Speaker 2: her brethren, the freedom of her salon, the protection of 569 00:35:01,840 --> 00:35:02,480 Speaker 2: her friendship. 570 00:35:03,400 --> 00:35:06,239 Speaker 1: That book also includes the quote her love affairs would 571 00:35:06,239 --> 00:35:10,000 Speaker 1: fill quite three volumes, even after they had been expurgated. 572 00:35:10,800 --> 00:35:15,360 Speaker 2: Uh. I don't think poetry was really Natalie Clifford Barney's 573 00:35:15,400 --> 00:35:19,000 Speaker 2: greatest genre of writing. Like she didn't publish that much 574 00:35:19,040 --> 00:35:20,880 Speaker 2: of it in English, But what she did publish in 575 00:35:20,960 --> 00:35:24,720 Speaker 2: English I would not rank among the great poets. However, 576 00:35:25,080 --> 00:35:27,720 Speaker 2: some of that English poetry is in the public domain. 577 00:35:27,800 --> 00:35:31,600 Speaker 2: Now so we can include one. This is the Phantom Guest. 578 00:35:32,280 --> 00:35:35,120 Speaker 2: We lay in shade diaphanous and spoke the light that 579 00:35:35,280 --> 00:35:38,359 Speaker 2: burns in us, says in the gloomings Net, I caught her. 580 00:35:38,680 --> 00:35:43,400 Speaker 2: She shimmered like reflected water. Romantic and emphatic moods are 581 00:35:43,520 --> 00:35:47,879 Speaker 2: not for her, whom life eludes is vulgar tinsel round 582 00:35:47,960 --> 00:35:51,880 Speaker 2: her fold. She'd rather shudder with the cold attends just 583 00:35:52,000 --> 00:35:56,719 Speaker 2: this elusive hour, a shadow in a shadow bower, a 584 00:35:56,880 --> 00:35:59,799 Speaker 2: moving imagery so fine it must have been her soul, 585 00:36:00,080 --> 00:36:03,239 Speaker 2: your mine. And so we blended and possessed each in 586 00:36:03,480 --> 00:36:08,160 Speaker 2: each the phantom guest, in separate we scarcely met, yet 587 00:36:08,600 --> 00:36:12,400 Speaker 2: other love nights we forget. And then we'll just end 588 00:36:12,440 --> 00:36:15,319 Speaker 2: with one final epigram by Natalie Clifford Barney. This one 589 00:36:15,400 --> 00:36:18,239 Speaker 2: was actually quoted in the biography. We have mentioned a 590 00:36:18,280 --> 00:36:22,280 Speaker 2: couple of times, which was Wildheart a Life Natalie Clifford 591 00:36:22,360 --> 00:36:26,320 Speaker 2: Barney and the Decadence of Literary Paris quote. When it 592 00:36:26,400 --> 00:36:30,080 Speaker 2: comes to friendship, I am very lazy. Once I confer friendship, 593 00:36:30,280 --> 00:36:37,400 Speaker 2: I never take it back. It's just easier. That's Natalie 594 00:36:37,440 --> 00:36:39,279 Speaker 2: Clifford Barney. She's a lot. 595 00:36:39,400 --> 00:36:42,480 Speaker 1: Do you have a listener mail that's maybe less dramatic. 596 00:36:42,719 --> 00:36:45,719 Speaker 2: I do have listener mail. It is from Elizabeth and 597 00:36:45,840 --> 00:36:48,920 Speaker 2: Elizabeth's title of the email is Wooly Dogs and the 598 00:36:49,040 --> 00:36:52,920 Speaker 2: Sandal in the Well, Dear Holly and Tracy. Last week, 599 00:36:52,960 --> 00:36:55,080 Speaker 2: I was on my way to give blood when the 600 00:36:55,239 --> 00:36:58,320 Speaker 2: portion of Unearthed about the Salish wooly dog came in. 601 00:36:59,000 --> 00:37:00,719 Speaker 2: I had to sit in the park lad and listen 602 00:37:00,800 --> 00:37:02,680 Speaker 2: to it, even though I could have just hit pause. 603 00:37:02,880 --> 00:37:05,080 Speaker 2: I'm a middle school science teacher and I have just 604 00:37:05,200 --> 00:37:08,919 Speaker 2: read an article with my students about genetic research done 605 00:37:09,000 --> 00:37:12,400 Speaker 2: to find native dogs of the Americas. The article talks 606 00:37:12,400 --> 00:37:15,960 Speaker 2: about how researchers were looking at mitochondrial DNA to determine 607 00:37:16,000 --> 00:37:20,000 Speaker 2: which dog breeds pre day Europeans and the Americas. They 608 00:37:20,080 --> 00:37:23,840 Speaker 2: found that the Mexican and Peruvian hairless dogs, the Chihuahua, 609 00:37:24,239 --> 00:37:27,200 Speaker 2: and the Carolina dog all pre day Europeans, and the 610 00:37:27,320 --> 00:37:30,840 Speaker 2: Chihuahua had DNA not founded dogs anywhere else in the world. 611 00:37:31,560 --> 00:37:34,400 Speaker 2: The article also talked about some of the lost breeds, 612 00:37:34,560 --> 00:37:38,440 Speaker 2: including the wily dog. The article shared the old ideas 613 00:37:38,480 --> 00:37:41,240 Speaker 2: that the Saless had allowed the dogs to be lost 614 00:37:41,440 --> 00:37:44,800 Speaker 2: to ender reading because of the availability of other wool sources. 615 00:37:45,360 --> 00:37:47,360 Speaker 2: Next year, when we read this, I will be sharing 616 00:37:47,440 --> 00:37:50,680 Speaker 2: the new understanding from this research. I love when I 617 00:37:50,760 --> 00:37:53,439 Speaker 2: can bring new research into my science classes to show 618 00:37:53,440 --> 00:37:57,319 Speaker 2: that our understanding of the world changes over time. Also, 619 00:37:57,400 --> 00:38:00,680 Speaker 2: I appreciate your highlighting of the involvement of the tribal 620 00:38:00,719 --> 00:38:03,319 Speaker 2: peoples in this work. Here in Idaho, we have many 621 00:38:03,440 --> 00:38:05,920 Speaker 2: active and vibrant tribes, but it feels like my students 622 00:38:05,920 --> 00:38:08,920 Speaker 2: are often presented with native peoples as if they are 623 00:38:09,080 --> 00:38:11,840 Speaker 2: just history and not part of our modern state and country. 624 00:38:11,960 --> 00:38:14,800 Speaker 2: And then last night I listened to the behind the 625 00:38:14,880 --> 00:38:17,600 Speaker 2: Scenes and your discussion of the sandal in the well 626 00:38:17,760 --> 00:38:19,960 Speaker 2: made me think of an exhibit I saw in France 627 00:38:20,080 --> 00:38:22,800 Speaker 2: in the early nineties that featured the shoe that Marie 628 00:38:22,840 --> 00:38:26,040 Speaker 2: Antoinette lost on her way to the guillotine. It was 629 00:38:26,080 --> 00:38:28,680 Speaker 2: in an empty white room with blank white walls. The 630 00:38:28,840 --> 00:38:32,400 Speaker 2: only thing in the room was the shoe on a pedestal. 631 00:38:33,760 --> 00:38:36,759 Speaker 2: Elizabeth says, dust off your French, and it had a 632 00:38:36,840 --> 00:38:40,480 Speaker 2: link to a video about this. I feel like I 633 00:38:40,520 --> 00:38:43,319 Speaker 2: would have followed the video pretty well if it had 634 00:38:43,400 --> 00:38:48,080 Speaker 2: had captioning, but just trying to listen to the French 635 00:38:48,200 --> 00:38:50,680 Speaker 2: was a little too fast for med keep up with. 636 00:38:51,719 --> 00:38:54,279 Speaker 2: As you talked, I could see something similar happening with 637 00:38:54,400 --> 00:38:57,120 Speaker 2: the sandal, with long discussions of where it came from 638 00:38:57,400 --> 00:38:59,800 Speaker 2: and how it ended up in the well. I particularly 639 00:38:59,840 --> 00:39:02,360 Speaker 2: like your idea of a sibling prank. I know it 640 00:39:02,480 --> 00:39:05,400 Speaker 2: is something my brother would have done. It just seemed 641 00:39:05,520 --> 00:39:07,799 Speaker 2: like such an odd little bit of history. I thought 642 00:39:07,880 --> 00:39:10,400 Speaker 2: you might enjoy it. Thank you for the many hours 643 00:39:10,400 --> 00:39:13,320 Speaker 2: of entertainment and education. Elizabeth pet Tax Below so we 644 00:39:13,560 --> 00:39:16,360 Speaker 2: have Ziggi, a thirteen year old shelter mutt, and Goose, 645 00:39:16,440 --> 00:39:18,560 Speaker 2: a four year old cat found as a kitten under 646 00:39:18,600 --> 00:39:20,840 Speaker 2: some hay bales, had to be bottle fed for a 647 00:39:20,880 --> 00:39:24,479 Speaker 2: few weeks. I sure have bottle fed some abandoned kitty 648 00:39:24,560 --> 00:39:30,600 Speaker 2: casts before, something that simultaneously I enjoyed doing, but also 649 00:39:30,880 --> 00:39:32,919 Speaker 2: it was so much because I feel like this litter 650 00:39:33,040 --> 00:39:36,080 Speaker 2: was like six kittens. It's so much work that needed 651 00:39:36,120 --> 00:39:39,640 Speaker 2: to We're just continually bottle feeding. And then we have Taya, 652 00:39:39,719 --> 00:39:42,960 Speaker 2: who was taken in about eighteen months ago when Taya's 653 00:39:43,040 --> 00:39:47,800 Speaker 2: owner died. So sweet. This is a dog who is 654 00:39:47,920 --> 00:39:50,839 Speaker 2: deaf and vision apparent and anxious, but such a sweet look, 655 00:39:50,880 --> 00:39:53,640 Speaker 2: cute dog. I can tell from this this dog has 656 00:39:53,680 --> 00:39:56,680 Speaker 2: a very anxious face. I will say, I feel like 657 00:39:56,760 --> 00:40:00,480 Speaker 2: I can tell that this is a little uh high 658 00:40:00,480 --> 00:40:04,680 Speaker 2: strung baby. There's Friday, a six year old Ossi, and 659 00:40:04,960 --> 00:40:09,839 Speaker 2: Hank the classroom turtle. Because you Sew and Staid send 660 00:40:09,920 --> 00:40:12,920 Speaker 2: other pictures. I'm really happy how this long jacket turned out, 661 00:40:13,000 --> 00:40:15,520 Speaker 2: especially the pocket's made from a thrift store curtain and 662 00:40:15,600 --> 00:40:18,520 Speaker 2: lined with the cotton curtain lining. This is like a 663 00:40:18,760 --> 00:40:24,680 Speaker 2: long jacket with a design of sort of floury leaf, 664 00:40:24,760 --> 00:40:27,400 Speaker 2: you find. I like it very much. Thank you so much, 665 00:40:27,440 --> 00:40:29,880 Speaker 2: Elizabeth for all of this, one hundred percent of it. 666 00:40:29,960 --> 00:40:32,320 Speaker 2: I love the animal pictures. I love the jacket picture. 667 00:40:32,440 --> 00:40:36,120 Speaker 2: I love the turtle picture. I love the story of 668 00:40:36,160 --> 00:40:39,120 Speaker 2: your experience with this episode and the behind the scenes. 669 00:40:39,880 --> 00:40:42,000 Speaker 2: If you would like to write to us about this 670 00:40:42,120 --> 00:40:46,200 Speaker 2: or any other podcast, word history podcasts at iHeartRadio dot com. 671 00:40:47,080 --> 00:40:49,000 Speaker 2: You can kind of find us on social media. We 672 00:40:49,120 --> 00:40:53,120 Speaker 2: mostly just post the episodes being live, and you can 673 00:40:53,640 --> 00:40:57,440 Speaker 2: subscribe to our show on the iHeartRadio app and wherever 674 00:40:57,560 --> 00:41:05,120 Speaker 2: else you'd like to get your podcasts. Stuff you Missed 675 00:41:05,120 --> 00:41:08,239 Speaker 2: in History Class is a production of iHeartRadio. For more 676 00:41:08,320 --> 00:41:12,680 Speaker 2: podcasts from iHeartRadio, visit the iHeartRadio app, Apple podcasts, or 677 00:41:12,719 --> 00:41:14,640 Speaker 2: wherever you listen to your favorite shows.