WEBVTT - Like, here's the episode on "like" 0:00:01.480 --> 0:00:07.240 Welcome to Stuff you Should Know, a production of iHeartRadio. 0:00:11.080 --> 0:00:13.440 Hey, and welcome to the podcast. I'm Josh, and there's 0:00:13.560 --> 0:00:15.960 Chuck and Jerry's here too, and this is stuff you 0:00:16.040 --> 0:00:26.120 should Know. Another linguistic, fantastic, gigantic addition devisive. I guess 0:00:26.440 --> 0:00:30.560 really though, I mean, if you're standing up against the 0:00:30.680 --> 0:00:34.080 use or over use of the word like, just take 0:00:34.120 --> 0:00:36.440 your head out of the hole and look around and 0:00:36.479 --> 0:00:39.120 see other things that are really worth your time and 0:00:39.159 --> 0:00:40.640 effort and attention and energy. 0:00:41.360 --> 0:00:44.400 Yeah, we've gotten the random email here and there, and 0:00:44.920 --> 0:00:48.400 like you said, we're talking about the word like, not 0:00:48.560 --> 0:00:50.760 as in, like you said, although we're going to cover 0:00:50.800 --> 0:00:54.080 all the you know, supposedly proper uses. 0:00:54.360 --> 0:00:57.480 Yeah. Also we're going to accidentally use like or unconsciously 0:00:57.600 --> 0:00:59.120 use it, and this is going to be a really 0:00:59.160 --> 0:01:00.240 confusing episode. 0:01:00.880 --> 0:01:04.759 Yeah, because it's how people talk for the most part, 0:01:04.840 --> 0:01:07.880 and it's not just young girls. As we'll see, that's 0:01:07.959 --> 0:01:10.559 sort of a sexist thing to think, in a misnomer. 0:01:11.360 --> 0:01:13.680 We all do it generally, unless you are one of 0:01:13.720 --> 0:01:17.200 those people who thinks that it debases the human language 0:01:18.440 --> 0:01:22.000 and speech and you have taken a real stand against it, 0:01:22.680 --> 0:01:25.240 you know, godspeed If that's the hell you want to 0:01:25.280 --> 0:01:28.119 die on. But like, it ain't mine. 0:01:28.920 --> 0:01:32.560 No, some people get so into it they throw cow's 0:01:32.600 --> 0:01:34.880 blood on people on the street when they use the word. 0:01:35.000 --> 0:01:40.440 Like So, Chuck, let's talk about the word like itself, 0:01:40.920 --> 0:01:43.399 because there is like plenty of oh my god, I 0:01:43.480 --> 0:01:47.240 just did it. There is plenty of good usage or 0:01:47.280 --> 0:01:52.160 accepted usage of it that's not controversial at all, which 0:01:52.200 --> 0:01:54.120 makes sense because it's been with us for a really 0:01:54.120 --> 0:01:57.160 long time. Apparently like goes all the way back to 0:01:57.280 --> 0:02:01.720 old English. That's some old English, right, eight ball eight hundred. 0:02:02.800 --> 0:02:05.960 There's a word called gel it geliched, and I looked 0:02:05.960 --> 0:02:08.160 it up. It is leitched, even though you'd think it 0:02:08.200 --> 0:02:11.280 was lytched l i t c h that's how it's pronounced, 0:02:11.400 --> 0:02:15.480 but it's spelled g e l i c jeelich and 0:02:15.560 --> 0:02:20.080 basically yeah, and basically it meant with the body. Leich 0:02:20.240 --> 0:02:25.000 meant body. Really it meant corpse. So that was the 0:02:25.360 --> 0:02:29.399 like literal meaning of gel it jeeliched jelich. 0:02:30.360 --> 0:02:35.840 So uh, practically speaking, geeliched meant uh with the body 0:02:35.880 --> 0:02:39.519 of and then eventually kind of similar to and then 0:02:39.800 --> 0:02:43.440 over time, because language changes, thank goodness, we don't speak 0:02:43.440 --> 0:02:47.720 called English anymore geliched that's even hard to say on 0:02:47.800 --> 0:02:48.200 its own. 0:02:48.680 --> 0:02:48.880 Uh. 0:02:48.919 --> 0:02:51.160 That was shortened to just l I C, which I 0:02:51.160 --> 0:02:55.000 guess would just be leich, And by then it had 0:02:55.080 --> 0:02:58.600 lost the connection to corpse and body and became the 0:02:58.680 --> 0:03:01.720 root of the word, as in similar to. 0:03:02.080 --> 0:03:05.720 Yeah, isn't that fascinating? It originally meant corpse, and it 0:03:05.840 --> 0:03:08.520 meant related to the corpse, then it meant to with 0:03:08.639 --> 0:03:12.720 the body over similar to, and then just similar boom 0:03:12.760 --> 0:03:13.320 bam bomb. 0:03:14.360 --> 0:03:14.800 I love it. 0:03:14.840 --> 0:03:17.000 And for a long long time it was used in 0:03:17.080 --> 0:03:21.320 Old English like as a suffix, and then that carried 0:03:21.360 --> 0:03:25.840 over like f O l C l i C would 0:03:25.880 --> 0:03:32.080 have been I guess folk Folkleisch sounds German like folk 0:03:32.240 --> 0:03:35.520 like in other words, folks see. But then, you know, 0:03:35.560 --> 0:03:39.360 Americans started using it like, you know, Josh looks angry 0:03:39.480 --> 0:03:43.240 like or that person is saint like, and sometimes we 0:03:43.280 --> 0:03:46.200 still use it like that, but in general we came 0:03:46.320 --> 0:03:48.640 up with l y to stick on the end of 0:03:48.680 --> 0:03:51.520 a word, to make it an adverb, and so we 0:03:51.640 --> 0:03:55.520 got words like slowly and saintly instead of saint like 0:03:55.560 --> 0:03:56.280 and slow like. 0:03:56.480 --> 0:03:59.680 Yes, so lee l y seems to be have a 0:03:59.760 --> 0:04:02.560 ball into an abbreviation for like. It still means the 0:04:02.600 --> 0:04:07.520 same thing, we just say it differently. It's abbreviated the 0:04:07.600 --> 0:04:12.400 verb two like means like to be pleasing or sufficient. 0:04:12.560 --> 0:04:12.720 Right. 0:04:13.000 --> 0:04:16.880 Sure, originally it operated and reversed. D've helped us with this, 0:04:17.000 --> 0:04:21.280 by the way, great job, Dave. But if you liked something, 0:04:21.560 --> 0:04:24.160 it wasn't expressed as you like it. It was that 0:04:24.320 --> 0:04:28.320 the thing you like likes you. There's an example from 0:04:28.360 --> 0:04:31.760 the Two Gentlemen of Verona Shakespeare play, where one says 0:04:31.800 --> 0:04:34.520 to the One character says to another, the music likes 0:04:34.560 --> 0:04:37.839 you not, which means you don't like the music. And 0:04:37.839 --> 0:04:41.279 then eventually everybody was like, we sound insane talking like this, 0:04:41.440 --> 0:04:43.920 and made it the way that it should be, which 0:04:43.960 --> 0:04:45.760 is how we say it today, which would just be 0:04:45.960 --> 0:04:47.080 you don't like the music. 0:04:47.640 --> 0:04:53.640 Yeah, there was other weird usages back then that that 0:04:53.680 --> 0:04:57.440 have all since sort of gone away. Things earlier, I guess, 0:04:57.520 --> 0:05:00.800 up through the seventeenth century, you could say like her 0:05:00.960 --> 0:05:06.560 or like us, light could use almost or nearly as 0:05:06.600 --> 0:05:10.200 in like that play was so boring. I like to 0:05:10.240 --> 0:05:12.560 fell asleep, like I almost fell asleep. 0:05:12.800 --> 0:05:13.280 I like that. 0:05:13.839 --> 0:05:14.760 Yeah, that's a good one. 0:05:15.560 --> 0:05:19.880 And then I believe in about the mid nineteenth century, 0:05:19.880 --> 0:05:23.560 which was a pretty late on the scene, usage was 0:05:24.200 --> 0:05:27.560 feel like like I feel like going bowling, as in 0:05:27.720 --> 0:05:30.560 I'm in the mood to go bowling. I should have 0:05:30.640 --> 0:05:34.200 said that likes me, right, bowling likes you. 0:05:34.440 --> 0:05:38.760 Yeah. So, since this has been around, what does for 0:05:38.920 --> 0:05:43.560 probably close through a thousand years maybe more Old English 0:05:43.680 --> 0:05:48.120 is around for a while, it's it's like has evolved, 0:05:48.240 --> 0:05:51.440 but as far as words go, it's really really evolved, 0:05:51.480 --> 0:05:54.479 and it's still evolving before our very eyes. But over 0:05:54.520 --> 0:06:01.560 the years in modern English, some widely accepted grammatically correct 0:06:01.800 --> 0:06:07.520 uses of like have come about. Only five don't even 0:06:07.520 --> 0:06:08.440 try to go beyond that. 0:06:08.960 --> 0:06:12.520 Yeah, there are supposedly only five as a verb, obviously 0:06:13.080 --> 0:06:16.560 meaning to enjoy. I don't think we have to explain 0:06:16.600 --> 0:06:20.200 that as a noun. Like here is a list of 0:06:20.200 --> 0:06:27.280 my likes, right, yeah, okay, my turn similar to which 0:06:27.320 --> 0:06:28.680 is kind of like of the body. 0:06:28.920 --> 0:06:32.720 The original version of like that's a preposition, so like 0:06:32.800 --> 0:06:36.360 you smell like a wet dog, or there is an 0:06:36.400 --> 0:06:42.760 example in here that looks like your spatula. What situation 0:06:43.000 --> 0:06:44.480 would that arise in. 0:06:45.279 --> 0:06:47.160 A chef cooking competition? 0:06:47.480 --> 0:06:50.200 I guess so where it was stolen by the evil 0:06:50.320 --> 0:06:55.240 chef and the friend like the wingman friend chef is like. 0:06:55.160 --> 0:06:58.400 That looks like your spatula. Yeah, yeah, okay, we figured 0:06:58.400 --> 0:06:58.520 it that. 0:06:58.800 --> 0:06:59.680 I feel better. 0:06:59.480 --> 0:07:01.240 Now we figured it out. 0:07:01.760 --> 0:07:06.479 What else conjunction replacing as you know, like my dad 0:07:06.640 --> 0:07:09.640 always said, don't bother me for advice. 0:07:12.440 --> 0:07:14.400 Oh sorry, I was getting personal. 0:07:15.080 --> 0:07:17.760 Like Josh always said, never trust family. 0:07:17.880 --> 0:07:20.480 Right exactly the quote. 0:07:20.680 --> 0:07:22.720 Okay, so those are those are the ones? Oh, there's 0:07:22.880 --> 0:07:25.800 one more as a suffix, like remember we said Saint 0:07:25.880 --> 0:07:29.600 Lye or something like that, like still hangs around in 0:07:29.640 --> 0:07:34.680 some cases, like you wouldn't say that that guy's innocent 0:07:34.800 --> 0:07:39.960 approach to nature is very childly. It's childlike. Yeah, yeah, 0:07:39.960 --> 0:07:42.480 but isn't that interesting that? I mean, the exact same thing. 0:07:42.560 --> 0:07:45.320 But you could use one for in one instance but 0:07:45.440 --> 0:07:48.480 not in another. They're not just interchangeable. I love that. 0:07:49.080 --> 0:07:52.600 Yeah, and childlike is not childish. Two different things there exactly. 0:07:53.120 --> 0:07:55.280 But there's no such thing as childly, I think, is 0:07:55.280 --> 0:07:58.280 my larger point. That's pretty much the point of the 0:07:58.440 --> 0:08:01.840 entire podcast, really, and my point is childlike is wonderful 0:08:01.880 --> 0:08:03.200 and childish is awful. 0:08:03.840 --> 0:08:06.360 True out, we should. 0:08:06.120 --> 0:08:07.920 Do one on ish that's a good one. 0:08:08.040 --> 0:08:10.800 I looked it up. I wondered if that came from 0:08:10.880 --> 0:08:14.600 lych or Leitch, and it doesn't. It's a it's an 0:08:14.640 --> 0:08:17.920 even older word. I think that means from the country 0:08:17.960 --> 0:08:22.400 over the origin of so you would be georgeish. 0:08:24.080 --> 0:08:26.320 Yeah, and now people, even my own daughter the other 0:08:26.400 --> 0:08:28.120 day I asked her something and she went. 0:08:28.240 --> 0:08:31.560 Ish, yeah, I'd be worth one for sure down the road. 0:08:31.800 --> 0:08:34.640 Maybe a shorty okay, shortish? 0:08:35.040 --> 0:08:36.600 A short like episode. 0:08:36.280 --> 0:08:40.040 Should be a shortly episode? Should we take a breakley? 0:08:40.960 --> 0:08:45.240 Uh, surely, okay, let's do that now. 0:08:45.840 --> 0:08:46.520 Very interesting. 0:09:09.520 --> 0:09:11.800 I just got to say, this is getting pretty fun. 0:09:12.400 --> 0:09:13.400 You knew it was gonna be. 0:09:13.960 --> 0:09:16.840 Yeah, I didn't know. Sure, I didn't. 0:09:17.040 --> 0:09:20.240 I figured we'd be slinging, slinging the slang and that's 0:09:20.240 --> 0:09:22.599 where we come to now. Actually, good set up me. 0:09:23.760 --> 0:09:29.640 The slang of like is where people people Some people 0:09:29.679 --> 0:09:32.559 tend to get upset. It's interesting. Dave here says most 0:09:32.559 --> 0:09:37.480 people believe that any use of like outside those acceptable 0:09:37.480 --> 0:09:40.120 ways is meaningless. I would say some people. I don't 0:09:40.120 --> 0:09:41.439 think most people believe that at all. 0:09:41.960 --> 0:09:44.360 Right, I thought that was an odd, odd word to 0:09:44.480 --> 0:09:44.960 use too. 0:09:45.520 --> 0:09:47.600 Yeah, come on, Dave, I can't tell you the last. 0:09:47.400 --> 0:09:49.560 Time I ran into anybody who really had an issue 0:09:49.559 --> 0:09:51.079 with it. We haven't gotten an email on it for 0:09:51.120 --> 0:09:53.160 a while, but every once in a while some of 0:09:53.240 --> 0:09:55.600 them write in and you could tell her just like 0:09:55.679 --> 0:09:58.920 bleeding from their eyeballs, like they hate us so much 0:09:59.000 --> 0:10:02.800 because we use the word like yeah, and it's just 0:10:02.800 --> 0:10:04.440 like I can't do anything for you, man, I'm not 0:10:04.480 --> 0:10:07.000 gonna stop talking the way I talk for you. 0:10:07.880 --> 0:10:11.040 Yeah, sorry, the way it is, uh nothing personally. 0:10:11.720 --> 0:10:12.000 Yeah. 0:10:12.000 --> 0:10:14.880 Of course the slang that we're talking about though, that 0:10:14.920 --> 0:10:18.000 people have a problem with, and these people are generally like, 0:10:18.360 --> 0:10:21.640 you know, it's biller. Uh, it's not even a word. 0:10:21.880 --> 0:10:25.200 It's basically your um or you're uh, you're abusing it, 0:10:25.320 --> 0:10:28.160 you're over using it. And some people even go so 0:10:28.200 --> 0:10:29.960 far as to say it, like I mentioned earlier, like 0:10:30.000 --> 0:10:32.160 you're you're destroying the English language. 0:10:32.400 --> 0:10:36.920 Okay, So those people just, I guess, buckle up because 0:10:36.960 --> 0:10:39.400 this is the part we're going into now, because it 0:10:39.440 --> 0:10:43.000 turns out if you if you hang out with the 0:10:43.080 --> 0:10:49.240 hip linguists, they will tell you man like like really 0:10:49.320 --> 0:10:54.360 performs a lot of like really important functions. Yeah, that's 0:10:54.400 --> 0:10:59.760 like exactly what they would say to you PhDs exactly exactly. 0:11:01.840 --> 0:11:04.320 So Dave wrote up a little script. Do you want 0:11:04.360 --> 0:11:05.880 to play Guy number one or Guy number two? 0:11:06.040 --> 0:11:07.880 I would like to be Guy two. 0:11:08.600 --> 0:11:08.920 Okay. 0:11:10.120 --> 0:11:12.040 You know what's funny is this sounds like a conversation. 0:11:12.080 --> 0:11:12.880 We would have it. 0:11:13.000 --> 0:11:17.040 Totally does backstage at the mall. Yeah, all right, here 0:11:17.040 --> 0:11:17.840 we go Guy number one. 0:11:17.880 --> 0:11:18.160 That's me. 0:11:18.320 --> 0:11:22.280 Okay, Hey, Josh, have you seen what they're charging for 0:11:22.320 --> 0:11:23.080 the new Jordans. 0:11:23.640 --> 0:11:27.040 I know they're like a million dollars, Like, who could 0:11:27.120 --> 0:11:28.160 afford this stuff? 0:11:29.320 --> 0:11:32.600 I think they're like two fifty at foot locker, which 0:11:32.679 --> 0:11:33.400 is still crazy. 0:11:34.080 --> 0:11:36.559 Like I get that they're cool and everything, but if 0:11:36.600 --> 0:11:39.240 I paid two hundred and fifty dollars for shoes, you 0:11:39.280 --> 0:11:45.880 may would be like, we're getting a divorce and and scene. 0:11:47.440 --> 0:11:51.080 So we're gonna break this down, and I thought this 0:11:51.120 --> 0:11:52.960 is a pretty good way for Day to go about this. 0:11:53.080 --> 0:11:56.240 So hats off to Dave. But we're gonna break this 0:11:56.320 --> 0:11:59.000 down because every single use of the word, like in 0:11:59.040 --> 0:12:04.400 that dramatic scene that we just portrayed for everyone when 0:12:04.440 --> 0:12:09.640 do our TV show got canceled, they all have a use. 0:12:10.120 --> 0:12:13.720 They all have a function, and those functions even have names. 0:12:14.240 --> 0:12:16.280 Yeah, it's true, And it's not like they made up 0:12:16.280 --> 0:12:19.760 these names for like they said, these these terms, these 0:12:20.000 --> 0:12:23.920 different kinds of grammatical usage that that make up a 0:12:23.920 --> 0:12:28.040 lot of slang, especially in American spoken English. That's very important. 0:12:28.320 --> 0:12:33.280 We're talking almost exclusively here about spoken English. Yeah, that 0:12:33.280 --> 0:12:38.200 that like fills some of those those already established compartments. 0:12:38.640 --> 0:12:39.600 All right, So what's first? 0:12:40.600 --> 0:12:43.920 The first is the way that I think most people 0:12:43.920 --> 0:12:48.360 who like deride like what they focus on the most, 0:12:48.400 --> 0:12:54.520 which is called the quotative, technically a quotative complementizer, Yeah, 0:12:54.600 --> 0:12:58.400 which basically what you're saying that you're it sets up 0:12:58.480 --> 0:13:02.880 an impression, a paraphrase of what another person had said. 0:13:03.280 --> 0:13:07.840 Wood said might say, like like when I said Umi 0:13:07.880 --> 0:13:11.600 would be like, we're getting a divorce. I'm not expecting 0:13:11.640 --> 0:13:15.800 you to believe in that conversation that Umi told me 0:13:15.920 --> 0:13:18.800 that she's going to divorce me if I spend two 0:13:18.840 --> 0:13:22.360 hundred and fifty dollars on some air Jordan's, but you 0:13:22.559 --> 0:13:26.280 know that the sentiment is generally true, maybe if a 0:13:26.280 --> 0:13:29.199 little exaggerated. So what that like is doing right there 0:13:29.280 --> 0:13:33.720 is signaling to you in conversation, Hey, I take what 0:13:33.760 --> 0:13:35.560 I'm saying with the grain assaut. Here, I'm fudging a 0:13:35.559 --> 0:13:37.160 little bit, but I'm still just trying to get a 0:13:37.200 --> 0:13:38.680 general point across. 0:13:39.080 --> 0:13:43.560 Yeah, And also Day points out it can also be 0:13:43.720 --> 0:13:48.840 used to set up like a mimic or a like 0:13:48.840 --> 0:13:51.520 an impression of the speaker. You didn't do it there 0:13:51.559 --> 0:13:57.040 because you're respectful for U me right, But another gentleman 0:13:57.320 --> 0:13:59.719 might say, you know, my wife would be like where 0:14:00.000 --> 0:14:03.280 adding a device or something like that. It is used 0:14:03.320 --> 0:14:05.960 a lot of times to set up or like, you know, 0:14:06.200 --> 0:14:09.319 let's say it was Sammy Davis Junior, Okay, Sammy would 0:14:09.400 --> 0:14:14.319 Sammy would be like, I'm going to file tomorrow. 0:14:15.440 --> 0:14:16.080 For divorce. 0:14:16.240 --> 0:14:19.200 That was lovely. That was love like. 0:14:20.480 --> 0:14:24.440 So the next thing we can talk about is the 0:14:24.560 --> 0:14:29.960 approximate adverb usage in this scene. That is when it's 0:14:30.040 --> 0:14:32.960 used and this is very very common. This is when 0:14:33.000 --> 0:14:36.640 it's used to mean, you know, around pretty much more 0:14:36.720 --> 0:14:39.520 or less just about. Like when I said I think 0:14:39.520 --> 0:14:42.160 they're like two hundred and fifty dollars at foot locker. 0:14:43.320 --> 0:14:46.840 That means, you know, there were two or three hundred 0:14:46.880 --> 0:14:49.080 people there. There were like two or three hundred people there. 0:14:49.760 --> 0:14:53.280 The bill was like seventy bucks or something. That means 0:14:53.520 --> 0:14:56.280 you're rounding up or you're approximating something. 0:14:56.520 --> 0:14:59.480 Yeah, and again in this sense, too like signals to 0:14:59.560 --> 0:15:02.080 the listen and they're like, hey, don't fully take what 0:15:02.120 --> 0:15:05.000 I'm saying as fact. I'm not trying to be one 0:15:05.040 --> 0:15:07.240 hundred percent accurate here, I'm trying to get a general 0:15:07.280 --> 0:15:11.280 idea across that this is really expensive. I saw a 0:15:11.400 --> 0:15:16.680 paper in the journal Autism and Developmental Language Impairments by 0:15:16.920 --> 0:15:20.960 Jones Zaane Engrossman, twenty twenty two, red Hot still off 0:15:20.960 --> 0:15:24.320 the presses, and they use this example of saying somebody 0:15:24.360 --> 0:15:27.760 saying like, I have like one hundred pair of shoes, right, 0:15:28.360 --> 0:15:30.800 you could have forty pairs of shoes. And because you 0:15:30.920 --> 0:15:34.480 use the word like, that still gets the point across, 0:15:34.880 --> 0:15:38.360 and you're speaking, you're communicating in like a still essentially 0:15:38.360 --> 0:15:40.280 an accurate way. What you're saying is I have a 0:15:40.280 --> 0:15:43.200 lot of shoes. Now it's actually sixty less than the 0:15:43.240 --> 0:15:45.240 number I just threw up, but it doesn't matter because 0:15:45.360 --> 0:15:49.000 forty is still a pretty big number. What Alike is 0:15:49.040 --> 0:15:52.760 doing here is standing in for approximately, and in this case, 0:15:52.960 --> 0:15:56.280 approximately wouldn't work because if you said I have approximately 0:15:56.320 --> 0:15:59.600 one hundred shoes and you actually have forty, that number 0:15:59.800 --> 0:16:03.880 is so way off that you're essentially either lying or 0:16:03.920 --> 0:16:08.920 totally incorrect. Like scuttles all that and says, yeah, hey, 0:16:09.160 --> 0:16:11.360 just just go with me here a little bit. I'm 0:16:11.360 --> 0:16:12.720 just saying I have a bunch of shoes. 0:16:13.280 --> 0:16:14.760 Yeah, it really covers your bases. 0:16:15.360 --> 0:16:17.440 That's a legitimate function of conversation. 0:16:18.040 --> 0:16:21.640 No, absolutely, I do want to poke Dave here just once, 0:16:21.720 --> 0:16:24.600 because one example he used was the movie starts at 0:16:24.640 --> 0:16:25.280 like two or three. 0:16:26.040 --> 0:16:29.360 Well, that's the case, very important. You should be pretty specific. 0:16:29.960 --> 0:16:36.160 Dave's always late, all right, what's next? We have the 0:16:36.240 --> 0:16:37.200 discourse marker. 0:16:37.320 --> 0:16:39.320 Right, Yeah, this is pretty important too. 0:16:40.200 --> 0:16:44.320 Right, So this is probably something that you didn't know 0:16:44.400 --> 0:16:47.320 that it was called this, but we all use discourse 0:16:47.440 --> 0:16:51.800 markers all the time. He found another linguist name and Kurzan, 0:16:52.600 --> 0:16:57.040 who has this analogy where it's like traffic discourse marker 0:16:57.120 --> 0:16:59.840 is like a traffic signal or road sign that helps 0:16:59.880 --> 0:17:04.439 you navigate spoken English, and like is very versatile in 0:17:04.560 --> 0:17:08.280 this function because it can mean a bunch of different 0:17:08.320 --> 0:17:13.600 things as a discourse marker, the first of which, like 0:17:13.640 --> 0:17:16.879 you said, it could be exaggeration. In this case of 0:17:17.080 --> 0:17:20.560 our scene, I know, these Jordans are like a million dollars. 0:17:21.119 --> 0:17:23.720 You know, it's obviously not a million dollars, but it 0:17:23.840 --> 0:17:26.640 sets it up as I'm clearly exaggerating. 0:17:26.880 --> 0:17:28.880 It's similar to the pair of shoes thing too, where 0:17:28.880 --> 0:17:31.479 if I said I know there are a million dollars, 0:17:31.520 --> 0:17:35.360 you'd be like, no, I do not. It's a little high. 0:17:35.840 --> 0:17:39.440 I am from Russia, in Mother Russia. 0:17:39.720 --> 0:17:42.200 Air Jordan's by you in. 0:17:42.119 --> 0:17:44.119 Russia music like you not. 0:17:47.040 --> 0:17:50.480 It can use it can be used as a discourse 0:17:50.560 --> 0:17:55.040 marker for emphasis in our scene. Have you seen have 0:17:55.119 --> 0:17:58.280 you seen what they're charging for these new air Jordans, 0:17:59.080 --> 0:18:03.120 So like just to emphasizes scene, and it just sort 0:18:03.119 --> 0:18:06.840 of pumps up that like, hey, it's something outrageous is 0:18:06.880 --> 0:18:07.680 about to come your way. 0:18:08.119 --> 0:18:11.960 Yeah. Another one is like let me elaborate. So when 0:18:12.040 --> 0:18:14.800 I think I said, like who can afford this stuff, 0:18:15.600 --> 0:18:20.960 I'm actually elaborating on a previous sentence about how expensive 0:18:21.000 --> 0:18:25.760 they are. So they're really expensive. Let me elaborate who 0:18:25.800 --> 0:18:29.440 out there could afford this stuff? That's how expensive they are. 0:18:29.480 --> 0:18:31.800 Just adding like right there cuts down on all that 0:18:32.000 --> 0:18:36.199 extra fat, trims it like a packer in nineteen oh 0:18:36.320 --> 0:18:37.359 six in Chicago. 0:18:38.760 --> 0:18:40.560 Yeah, and you know there are probably people out there 0:18:40.600 --> 0:18:42.480 that are saying, Well, you could drop the word like 0:18:42.520 --> 0:18:45.720 in a lot of these instances, maybe not the million 0:18:45.760 --> 0:18:48.320 dollars when and stuff like that, but you could say 0:18:48.359 --> 0:18:51.800 in that sentence, who can afford this stuff? And I 0:18:51.840 --> 0:18:54.600 get that, But that doesn't mean that putting like in 0:18:54.960 --> 0:18:57.160 is bad necessarily right? 0:18:57.200 --> 0:18:59.679 And who wants to sound like Larry David all the time? 0:19:00.320 --> 0:19:02.760 Noboddy Larry David? 0:19:02.880 --> 0:19:04.440 Yeah, I guess what else? 0:19:04.440 --> 0:19:05.120 What's surprise? 0:19:06.880 --> 0:19:09.919 It's funny. It gets across surprise, but you have to 0:19:10.080 --> 0:19:16.960 use it in a really unsurprised tone, yea for it 0:19:17.000 --> 0:19:21.159 to be effective. So, for example, if if somebody you 0:19:21.200 --> 0:19:24.240 would not expect showed up at a party and you went, 0:19:24.440 --> 0:19:27.760 she's here, you can kind of get that across, like 0:19:27.760 --> 0:19:30.760 like I'm really surprised that she's here, maybe a little 0:19:30.840 --> 0:19:32.760 chill that she's here, she should not be here, that 0:19:32.840 --> 0:19:36.240 kind of thing. But if you say she's like here, 0:19:37.800 --> 0:19:40.639 that really gets it across, gets it across a little better. 0:19:40.840 --> 0:19:42.960 And but you have to you can't be like, she's 0:19:43.160 --> 0:19:46.520 like here. That doesn't work. You have to tone it 0:19:46.560 --> 0:19:49.560 down and do the opposite. And it's then it canvey surprise. 0:19:49.640 --> 0:19:52.800 It's fascinating, it's amazing that that this is how we 0:19:52.880 --> 0:19:56.000 talk and nobody's writing this stuff down. The linguists are 0:19:56.000 --> 0:19:59.000 writing this stuff down from studying what people are doing 0:19:59.040 --> 0:20:01.920 in real time and conversation. This is not part of 0:20:01.960 --> 0:20:04.960 like the modern language associations like handbook. 0:20:05.600 --> 0:20:08.200 Yeah, for sure. 0:20:08.840 --> 0:20:11.200 The last one we're going to talk about is as 0:20:11.240 --> 0:20:14.400 a discourse particle. And this is the one. This is 0:20:14.520 --> 0:20:19.000 this is the real bad guy as far as like 0:20:19.119 --> 0:20:21.880 haters go, don't you think probably? 0:20:21.960 --> 0:20:23.600 Yeah, I think this is I mean, this is the. 0:20:23.520 --> 0:20:26.879 One that that that people will say is clearly just 0:20:27.320 --> 0:20:30.639 inserted in there as biller. It is the one that 0:20:30.680 --> 0:20:35.040 is infecting our language. Is this discourse particle use? 0:20:35.320 --> 0:20:36.960 And that is. 0:20:38.720 --> 0:20:41.760 I believe the woman who wrote the book, Alexandra Darcy, 0:20:41.840 --> 0:20:45.360 she's a linguist, said, I believe a PhD. I'm not mistaken, 0:20:46.400 --> 0:20:50.399 said that using it as a discourse particle doesn't doesn't 0:20:50.480 --> 0:20:53.320 change the meaning of a sentence necessarily, but it does 0:20:53.359 --> 0:20:57.280 set a tone and operates in the interpersonal. 0:20:56.480 --> 0:21:03.119 Realm exactly right. So, for example, if you are talking 0:21:03.160 --> 0:21:09.640 about somebody who you just like they've made some bad 0:21:09.720 --> 0:21:13.000 life choices or whatever, and you're expressing this to somebody else, 0:21:13.560 --> 0:21:15.800 but you don't want to make it sound like you 0:21:16.040 --> 0:21:18.280 don't like that person, Like you want to express that 0:21:18.320 --> 0:21:20.480 you still like that person, but they've made some bad 0:21:20.520 --> 0:21:24.439 life choices and you're a little disappointed in that. You 0:21:24.480 --> 0:21:28.920 could say two things. You could say, I love her, 0:21:29.000 --> 0:21:34.120 but she's dumb. Right if you like you sound kind 0:21:34.119 --> 0:21:36.440 of like a jerk. So what you can do is 0:21:36.560 --> 0:21:39.280 use like you can pepper sentences, would like to kind 0:21:39.280 --> 0:21:43.359 of pat it. For example, you would say like, I 0:21:43.400 --> 0:21:47.600 love her, but she's like dumb. That it gets across 0:21:47.600 --> 0:21:50.240 to the listener like, hey, I still care about this person. 0:21:50.280 --> 0:21:53.040 I'm not really putting them down. I'm just trying to 0:21:53.040 --> 0:21:55.760 get across some stuff that I'm just getting something off 0:21:55.800 --> 0:21:57.159 my chest here between you and me. 0:21:57.920 --> 0:22:01.359 Yeah, absolutely, it's sort of It works as a softener 0:22:01.920 --> 0:22:04.159 like this example too. If someone asks you to go 0:22:04.240 --> 0:22:07.080 do something like hey, Josh, you want to go to 0:22:07.119 --> 0:22:11.359 dinner and you said sorry, I'm tired, that's like, oh, well, 0:22:12.280 --> 0:22:14.359 Josh clearly doesn't want to have dinner with me. But 0:22:14.359 --> 0:22:17.440 if you said sorry, I'm just like really tired, then 0:22:17.640 --> 0:22:21.680 that just softens things. Like the interpretation is I would 0:22:21.760 --> 0:22:24.439 really love to go to dinner with you. But I'm tired, correct, 0:22:24.480 --> 0:22:26.240 and you don't have to say all that other stuff. 0:22:26.359 --> 0:22:30.040 No, No, it's so it's a softener. That's a really 0:22:30.040 --> 0:22:31.720 great way to put it. I think that's how John 0:22:31.800 --> 0:22:36.639 McCord put it the Linguist. And it also works in 0:22:36.720 --> 0:22:40.600 reverse too, because it acts as as shielding, right, you're 0:22:40.640 --> 0:22:44.040 shielding the other person's feelings. By adding those likes, you're saying, like, 0:22:44.320 --> 0:22:48.080 I don't dislike you. I'm not trying to be mean here, 0:22:48.359 --> 0:22:51.320 I just I know you're probably going to be disappointed, 0:22:51.400 --> 0:22:53.760 so I want to just kind of get this information 0:22:53.840 --> 0:22:57.320 across as gently as possible, and peppering it with likes 0:22:57.359 --> 0:23:00.560 does that. But like I said, it works in reverse. 0:23:00.960 --> 0:23:04.400