1 00:00:01,480 --> 00:00:07,240 Speaker 1: Welcome to Stuff you Should Know, a production of iHeartRadio. 2 00:00:11,080 --> 00:00:13,440 Speaker 2: Hey, and welcome to the podcast. I'm Josh, and there's 3 00:00:13,560 --> 00:00:15,960 Speaker 2: Chuck and Jerry's here too, and this is stuff you 4 00:00:16,040 --> 00:00:26,120 Speaker 2: should Know. Another linguistic, fantastic, gigantic addition devisive. I guess 5 00:00:26,440 --> 00:00:30,560 Speaker 2: really though, I mean, if you're standing up against the 6 00:00:30,680 --> 00:00:34,080 Speaker 2: use or over use of the word like, just take 7 00:00:34,120 --> 00:00:36,440 Speaker 2: your head out of the hole and look around and 8 00:00:36,479 --> 00:00:39,120 Speaker 2: see other things that are really worth your time and 9 00:00:39,159 --> 00:00:40,640 Speaker 2: effort and attention and energy. 10 00:00:41,360 --> 00:00:44,400 Speaker 1: Yeah, we've gotten the random email here and there, and 11 00:00:44,920 --> 00:00:48,400 Speaker 1: like you said, we're talking about the word like, not 12 00:00:48,560 --> 00:00:50,760 Speaker 1: as in, like you said, although we're going to cover 13 00:00:50,800 --> 00:00:54,080 Speaker 1: all the you know, supposedly proper uses. 14 00:00:54,360 --> 00:00:57,480 Speaker 2: Yeah. Also we're going to accidentally use like or unconsciously 15 00:00:57,600 --> 00:00:59,120 Speaker 2: use it, and this is going to be a really 16 00:00:59,160 --> 00:01:00,240 Speaker 2: confusing episode. 17 00:01:00,880 --> 00:01:04,759 Speaker 1: Yeah, because it's how people talk for the most part, 18 00:01:04,840 --> 00:01:07,880 Speaker 1: and it's not just young girls. As we'll see, that's 19 00:01:07,959 --> 00:01:10,559 Speaker 1: sort of a sexist thing to think, in a misnomer. 20 00:01:11,360 --> 00:01:13,680 Speaker 1: We all do it generally, unless you are one of 21 00:01:13,720 --> 00:01:17,200 Speaker 1: those people who thinks that it debases the human language 22 00:01:18,440 --> 00:01:22,000 Speaker 1: and speech and you have taken a real stand against it, 23 00:01:22,680 --> 00:01:25,240 Speaker 1: you know, godspeed If that's the hell you want to 24 00:01:25,280 --> 00:01:28,119 Speaker 1: die on. But like, it ain't mine. 25 00:01:28,920 --> 00:01:32,560 Speaker 2: No, some people get so into it they throw cow's 26 00:01:32,600 --> 00:01:34,880 Speaker 2: blood on people on the street when they use the word. 27 00:01:35,000 --> 00:01:40,440 Speaker 2: Like So, Chuck, let's talk about the word like itself, 28 00:01:40,920 --> 00:01:43,399 Speaker 2: because there is like plenty of oh my god, I 29 00:01:43,480 --> 00:01:47,240 Speaker 2: just did it. There is plenty of good usage or 30 00:01:47,280 --> 00:01:52,160 Speaker 2: accepted usage of it that's not controversial at all, which 31 00:01:52,200 --> 00:01:54,120 Speaker 2: makes sense because it's been with us for a really 32 00:01:54,120 --> 00:01:57,160 Speaker 2: long time. Apparently like goes all the way back to 33 00:01:57,280 --> 00:02:01,720 Speaker 2: old English. That's some old English, right, eight ball eight hundred. 34 00:02:02,800 --> 00:02:05,960 Speaker 2: There's a word called gel it geliched, and I looked 35 00:02:05,960 --> 00:02:08,160 Speaker 2: it up. It is leitched, even though you'd think it 36 00:02:08,200 --> 00:02:11,280 Speaker 2: was lytched l i t c h that's how it's pronounced, 37 00:02:11,400 --> 00:02:15,480 Speaker 2: but it's spelled g e l i c jeelich and 38 00:02:15,560 --> 00:02:20,080 Speaker 2: basically yeah, and basically it meant with the body. Leich 39 00:02:20,240 --> 00:02:25,000 Speaker 2: meant body. Really it meant corpse. So that was the 40 00:02:25,360 --> 00:02:29,399 Speaker 2: like literal meaning of gel it jeeliched jelich. 41 00:02:30,360 --> 00:02:35,840 Speaker 1: So uh, practically speaking, geeliched meant uh with the body 42 00:02:35,880 --> 00:02:39,519 Speaker 1: of and then eventually kind of similar to and then 43 00:02:39,800 --> 00:02:43,440 Speaker 1: over time, because language changes, thank goodness, we don't speak 44 00:02:43,440 --> 00:02:47,720 Speaker 1: called English anymore geliched that's even hard to say on 45 00:02:47,800 --> 00:02:48,200 Speaker 1: its own. 46 00:02:48,680 --> 00:02:48,880 Speaker 3: Uh. 47 00:02:48,919 --> 00:02:51,160 Speaker 1: That was shortened to just l I C, which I 48 00:02:51,160 --> 00:02:55,000 Speaker 1: guess would just be leich, And by then it had 49 00:02:55,080 --> 00:02:58,600 Speaker 1: lost the connection to corpse and body and became the 50 00:02:58,680 --> 00:03:01,720 Speaker 1: root of the word, as in similar to. 51 00:03:02,080 --> 00:03:05,720 Speaker 2: Yeah, isn't that fascinating? It originally meant corpse, and it 52 00:03:05,840 --> 00:03:08,520 Speaker 2: meant related to the corpse, then it meant to with 53 00:03:08,639 --> 00:03:12,720 Speaker 2: the body over similar to, and then just similar boom 54 00:03:12,760 --> 00:03:13,320 Speaker 2: bam bomb. 55 00:03:14,360 --> 00:03:14,800 Speaker 3: I love it. 56 00:03:14,840 --> 00:03:17,000 Speaker 1: And for a long long time it was used in 57 00:03:17,080 --> 00:03:21,320 Speaker 1: Old English like as a suffix, and then that carried 58 00:03:21,360 --> 00:03:25,840 Speaker 1: over like f O l C l i C would 59 00:03:25,880 --> 00:03:32,080 Speaker 1: have been I guess folk Folkleisch sounds German like folk 60 00:03:32,240 --> 00:03:35,520 Speaker 1: like in other words, folks see. But then, you know, 61 00:03:35,560 --> 00:03:39,360 Speaker 1: Americans started using it like, you know, Josh looks angry 62 00:03:39,480 --> 00:03:43,240 Speaker 1: like or that person is saint like, and sometimes we 63 00:03:43,280 --> 00:03:46,200 Speaker 1: still use it like that, but in general we came 64 00:03:46,320 --> 00:03:48,640 Speaker 1: up with l y to stick on the end of 65 00:03:48,680 --> 00:03:51,520 Speaker 1: a word, to make it an adverb, and so we 66 00:03:51,640 --> 00:03:55,520 Speaker 1: got words like slowly and saintly instead of saint like 67 00:03:55,560 --> 00:03:56,280 Speaker 1: and slow like. 68 00:03:56,480 --> 00:03:59,680 Speaker 2: Yes, so lee l y seems to be have a 69 00:03:59,760 --> 00:04:02,560 Speaker 2: ball into an abbreviation for like. It still means the 70 00:04:02,600 --> 00:04:07,520 Speaker 2: same thing, we just say it differently. It's abbreviated the 71 00:04:07,600 --> 00:04:12,400 Speaker 2: verb two like means like to be pleasing or sufficient. 72 00:04:12,560 --> 00:04:12,720 Speaker 3: Right. 73 00:04:13,000 --> 00:04:16,880 Speaker 2: Sure, originally it operated and reversed. D've helped us with this, 74 00:04:17,000 --> 00:04:21,280 Speaker 2: by the way, great job, Dave. But if you liked something, 75 00:04:21,560 --> 00:04:24,160 Speaker 2: it wasn't expressed as you like it. It was that 76 00:04:24,320 --> 00:04:28,320 Speaker 2: the thing you like likes you. There's an example from 77 00:04:28,360 --> 00:04:31,760 Speaker 2: the Two Gentlemen of Verona Shakespeare play, where one says 78 00:04:31,800 --> 00:04:34,520 Speaker 2: to the One character says to another, the music likes 79 00:04:34,560 --> 00:04:37,839 Speaker 2: you not, which means you don't like the music. And 80 00:04:37,839 --> 00:04:41,279 Speaker 2: then eventually everybody was like, we sound insane talking like this, 81 00:04:41,440 --> 00:04:43,920 Speaker 2: and made it the way that it should be, which 82 00:04:43,960 --> 00:04:45,760 Speaker 2: is how we say it today, which would just be 83 00:04:45,960 --> 00:04:47,080 Speaker 2: you don't like the music. 84 00:04:47,640 --> 00:04:53,640 Speaker 1: Yeah, there was other weird usages back then that that 85 00:04:53,680 --> 00:04:57,440 Speaker 1: have all since sort of gone away. Things earlier, I guess, 86 00:04:57,520 --> 00:05:00,800 Speaker 1: up through the seventeenth century, you could say like her 87 00:05:00,960 --> 00:05:06,560 Speaker 1: or like us, light could use almost or nearly as 88 00:05:06,600 --> 00:05:10,200 Speaker 1: in like that play was so boring. I like to 89 00:05:10,240 --> 00:05:12,560 Speaker 1: fell asleep, like I almost fell asleep. 90 00:05:12,800 --> 00:05:13,280 Speaker 2: I like that. 91 00:05:13,839 --> 00:05:14,760 Speaker 3: Yeah, that's a good one. 92 00:05:15,560 --> 00:05:19,880 Speaker 1: And then I believe in about the mid nineteenth century, 93 00:05:19,880 --> 00:05:23,560 Speaker 1: which was a pretty late on the scene, usage was 94 00:05:24,200 --> 00:05:27,560 Speaker 1: feel like like I feel like going bowling, as in 95 00:05:27,720 --> 00:05:30,560 Speaker 1: I'm in the mood to go bowling. I should have 96 00:05:30,640 --> 00:05:34,200 Speaker 1: said that likes me, right, bowling likes you. 97 00:05:34,440 --> 00:05:38,760 Speaker 2: Yeah. So, since this has been around, what does for 98 00:05:38,920 --> 00:05:43,560 Speaker 2: probably close through a thousand years maybe more Old English 99 00:05:43,680 --> 00:05:48,120 Speaker 2: is around for a while, it's it's like has evolved, 100 00:05:48,240 --> 00:05:51,440 Speaker 2: but as far as words go, it's really really evolved, 101 00:05:51,480 --> 00:05:54,479 Speaker 2: and it's still evolving before our very eyes. But over 102 00:05:54,520 --> 00:06:01,560 Speaker 2: the years in modern English, some widely accepted grammatically correct 103 00:06:01,800 --> 00:06:07,520 Speaker 2: uses of like have come about. Only five don't even 104 00:06:07,520 --> 00:06:08,440 Speaker 2: try to go beyond that. 105 00:06:08,960 --> 00:06:12,520 Speaker 1: Yeah, there are supposedly only five as a verb, obviously 106 00:06:13,080 --> 00:06:16,560 Speaker 1: meaning to enjoy. I don't think we have to explain 107 00:06:16,600 --> 00:06:20,200 Speaker 1: that as a noun. Like here is a list of 108 00:06:20,200 --> 00:06:27,280 Speaker 1: my likes, right, yeah, okay, my turn similar to which 109 00:06:27,320 --> 00:06:28,680 Speaker 1: is kind of like of the body. 110 00:06:28,920 --> 00:06:32,720 Speaker 2: The original version of like that's a preposition, so like 111 00:06:32,800 --> 00:06:36,360 Speaker 2: you smell like a wet dog, or there is an 112 00:06:36,400 --> 00:06:42,760 Speaker 2: example in here that looks like your spatula. What situation 113 00:06:43,000 --> 00:06:44,480 Speaker 2: would that arise in. 114 00:06:45,279 --> 00:06:47,160 Speaker 1: A chef cooking competition? 115 00:06:47,480 --> 00:06:50,200 Speaker 2: I guess so where it was stolen by the evil 116 00:06:50,320 --> 00:06:55,240 Speaker 2: chef and the friend like the wingman friend chef is like. 117 00:06:55,160 --> 00:06:58,400 Speaker 1: That looks like your spatula. Yeah, yeah, okay, we figured 118 00:06:58,400 --> 00:06:58,520 Speaker 1: it that. 119 00:06:58,800 --> 00:06:59,680 Speaker 2: I feel better. 120 00:06:59,480 --> 00:07:01,240 Speaker 3: Now we figured it out. 121 00:07:01,760 --> 00:07:06,479 Speaker 1: What else conjunction replacing as you know, like my dad 122 00:07:06,640 --> 00:07:09,640 Speaker 1: always said, don't bother me for advice. 123 00:07:12,440 --> 00:07:14,400 Speaker 3: Oh sorry, I was getting personal. 124 00:07:15,080 --> 00:07:17,760 Speaker 2: Like Josh always said, never trust family. 125 00:07:17,880 --> 00:07:20,480 Speaker 1: Right exactly the quote. 126 00:07:20,680 --> 00:07:22,720 Speaker 2: Okay, so those are those are the ones? Oh, there's 127 00:07:22,880 --> 00:07:25,800 Speaker 2: one more as a suffix, like remember we said Saint 128 00:07:25,880 --> 00:07:29,600 Speaker 2: Lye or something like that, like still hangs around in 129 00:07:29,640 --> 00:07:34,680 Speaker 2: some cases, like you wouldn't say that that guy's innocent 130 00:07:34,800 --> 00:07:39,960 Speaker 2: approach to nature is very childly. It's childlike. Yeah, yeah, 131 00:07:39,960 --> 00:07:42,480 Speaker 2: but isn't that interesting that? I mean, the exact same thing. 132 00:07:42,560 --> 00:07:45,320 Speaker 2: But you could use one for in one instance but 133 00:07:45,440 --> 00:07:48,480 Speaker 2: not in another. They're not just interchangeable. I love that. 134 00:07:49,080 --> 00:07:52,600 Speaker 1: Yeah, and childlike is not childish. Two different things there exactly. 135 00:07:53,120 --> 00:07:55,280 Speaker 1: But there's no such thing as childly, I think, is 136 00:07:55,280 --> 00:07:58,280 Speaker 1: my larger point. That's pretty much the point of the 137 00:07:58,440 --> 00:08:01,840 Speaker 1: entire podcast, really, and my point is childlike is wonderful 138 00:08:01,880 --> 00:08:03,200 Speaker 1: and childish is awful. 139 00:08:03,840 --> 00:08:06,360 Speaker 3: True out, we should. 140 00:08:06,120 --> 00:08:07,920 Speaker 1: Do one on ish that's a good one. 141 00:08:08,040 --> 00:08:10,800 Speaker 2: I looked it up. I wondered if that came from 142 00:08:10,880 --> 00:08:14,600 Speaker 2: lych or Leitch, and it doesn't. It's a it's an 143 00:08:14,640 --> 00:08:17,920 Speaker 2: even older word. I think that means from the country 144 00:08:17,960 --> 00:08:22,400 Speaker 2: over the origin of so you would be georgeish. 145 00:08:24,080 --> 00:08:26,320 Speaker 1: Yeah, and now people, even my own daughter the other 146 00:08:26,400 --> 00:08:28,120 Speaker 1: day I asked her something and she went. 147 00:08:28,240 --> 00:08:31,560 Speaker 2: Ish, yeah, I'd be worth one for sure down the road. 148 00:08:31,800 --> 00:08:34,640 Speaker 1: Maybe a shorty okay, shortish? 149 00:08:35,040 --> 00:08:36,600 Speaker 3: A short like episode. 150 00:08:36,280 --> 00:08:40,040 Speaker 2: Should be a shortly episode? Should we take a breakley? 151 00:08:40,960 --> 00:08:45,240 Speaker 1: Uh, surely, okay, let's do that now. 152 00:08:45,840 --> 00:08:46,520 Speaker 3: Very interesting. 153 00:09:09,520 --> 00:09:11,800 Speaker 1: I just got to say, this is getting pretty fun. 154 00:09:12,400 --> 00:09:13,400 Speaker 2: You knew it was gonna be. 155 00:09:13,960 --> 00:09:16,840 Speaker 3: Yeah, I didn't know. Sure, I didn't. 156 00:09:17,040 --> 00:09:20,240 Speaker 1: I figured we'd be slinging, slinging the slang and that's 157 00:09:20,240 --> 00:09:22,599 Speaker 1: where we come to now. Actually, good set up me. 158 00:09:23,760 --> 00:09:29,640 Speaker 1: The slang of like is where people people Some people 159 00:09:29,679 --> 00:09:32,559 Speaker 1: tend to get upset. It's interesting. Dave here says most 160 00:09:32,559 --> 00:09:37,480 Speaker 1: people believe that any use of like outside those acceptable 161 00:09:37,480 --> 00:09:40,120 Speaker 1: ways is meaningless. I would say some people. I don't 162 00:09:40,120 --> 00:09:41,439 Speaker 1: think most people believe that at all. 163 00:09:41,960 --> 00:09:44,360 Speaker 2: Right, I thought that was an odd, odd word to 164 00:09:44,480 --> 00:09:44,960 Speaker 2: use too. 165 00:09:45,520 --> 00:09:47,600 Speaker 1: Yeah, come on, Dave, I can't tell you the last. 166 00:09:47,400 --> 00:09:49,560 Speaker 2: Time I ran into anybody who really had an issue 167 00:09:49,559 --> 00:09:51,079 Speaker 2: with it. We haven't gotten an email on it for 168 00:09:51,120 --> 00:09:53,160 Speaker 2: a while, but every once in a while some of 169 00:09:53,240 --> 00:09:55,600 Speaker 2: them write in and you could tell her just like 170 00:09:55,679 --> 00:09:58,920 Speaker 2: bleeding from their eyeballs, like they hate us so much 171 00:09:59,000 --> 00:10:02,800 Speaker 2: because we use the word like yeah, and it's just 172 00:10:02,800 --> 00:10:04,440 Speaker 2: like I can't do anything for you, man, I'm not 173 00:10:04,480 --> 00:10:07,000 Speaker 2: gonna stop talking the way I talk for you. 174 00:10:07,880 --> 00:10:11,040 Speaker 1: Yeah, sorry, the way it is, uh nothing personally. 175 00:10:11,720 --> 00:10:12,000 Speaker 3: Yeah. 176 00:10:12,000 --> 00:10:14,880 Speaker 1: Of course the slang that we're talking about though, that 177 00:10:14,920 --> 00:10:18,000 Speaker 1: people have a problem with, and these people are generally like, 178 00:10:18,360 --> 00:10:21,640 Speaker 1: you know, it's biller. Uh, it's not even a word. 179 00:10:21,880 --> 00:10:25,200 Speaker 1: It's basically your um or you're uh, you're abusing it, 180 00:10:25,320 --> 00:10:28,160 Speaker 1: you're over using it. And some people even go so 181 00:10:28,200 --> 00:10:29,960 Speaker 1: far as to say it, like I mentioned earlier, like 182 00:10:30,000 --> 00:10:32,160 Speaker 1: you're you're destroying the English language. 183 00:10:32,400 --> 00:10:36,920 Speaker 2: Okay, So those people just, I guess, buckle up because 184 00:10:36,960 --> 00:10:39,400 Speaker 2: this is the part we're going into now, because it 185 00:10:39,440 --> 00:10:43,000 Speaker 2: turns out if you if you hang out with the 186 00:10:43,080 --> 00:10:49,240 Speaker 2: hip linguists, they will tell you man like like really 187 00:10:49,320 --> 00:10:54,360 Speaker 2: performs a lot of like really important functions. Yeah, that's 188 00:10:54,400 --> 00:10:59,760 Speaker 2: like exactly what they would say to you PhDs exactly exactly. 189 00:11:01,840 --> 00:11:04,320 Speaker 1: So Dave wrote up a little script. Do you want 190 00:11:04,360 --> 00:11:05,880 Speaker 1: to play Guy number one or Guy number two? 191 00:11:06,040 --> 00:11:07,880 Speaker 2: I would like to be Guy two. 192 00:11:08,600 --> 00:11:08,920 Speaker 3: Okay. 193 00:11:10,120 --> 00:11:12,040 Speaker 1: You know what's funny is this sounds like a conversation. 194 00:11:12,080 --> 00:11:12,880 Speaker 3: We would have it. 195 00:11:13,000 --> 00:11:17,040 Speaker 1: Totally does backstage at the mall. Yeah, all right, here 196 00:11:17,040 --> 00:11:17,840 Speaker 1: we go Guy number one. 197 00:11:17,880 --> 00:11:18,160 Speaker 3: That's me. 198 00:11:18,320 --> 00:11:22,280 Speaker 1: Okay, Hey, Josh, have you seen what they're charging for 199 00:11:22,320 --> 00:11:23,080 Speaker 1: the new Jordans. 200 00:11:23,640 --> 00:11:27,040 Speaker 2: I know they're like a million dollars, Like, who could 201 00:11:27,120 --> 00:11:28,160 Speaker 2: afford this stuff? 202 00:11:29,320 --> 00:11:32,600 Speaker 1: I think they're like two fifty at foot locker, which 203 00:11:32,679 --> 00:11:33,400 Speaker 1: is still crazy. 204 00:11:34,080 --> 00:11:36,559 Speaker 2: Like I get that they're cool and everything, but if 205 00:11:36,600 --> 00:11:39,240 Speaker 2: I paid two hundred and fifty dollars for shoes, you 206 00:11:39,280 --> 00:11:45,880 Speaker 2: may would be like, we're getting a divorce and and scene. 207 00:11:47,440 --> 00:11:51,080 Speaker 1: So we're gonna break this down, and I thought this 208 00:11:51,120 --> 00:11:52,960 Speaker 1: is a pretty good way for Day to go about this. 209 00:11:53,080 --> 00:11:56,240 Speaker 1: So hats off to Dave. But we're gonna break this 210 00:11:56,320 --> 00:11:59,000 Speaker 1: down because every single use of the word, like in 211 00:11:59,040 --> 00:12:04,400 Speaker 1: that dramatic scene that we just portrayed for everyone when 212 00:12:04,440 --> 00:12:09,640 Speaker 1: do our TV show got canceled, they all have a use. 213 00:12:10,120 --> 00:12:13,720 Speaker 1: They all have a function, and those functions even have names. 214 00:12:14,240 --> 00:12:16,280 Speaker 2: Yeah, it's true, And it's not like they made up 215 00:12:16,280 --> 00:12:19,760 Speaker 2: these names for like they said, these these terms, these 216 00:12:20,000 --> 00:12:23,920 Speaker 2: different kinds of grammatical usage that that make up a 217 00:12:23,920 --> 00:12:28,040 Speaker 2: lot of slang, especially in American spoken English. That's very important. 218 00:12:28,320 --> 00:12:33,280 Speaker 2: We're talking almost exclusively here about spoken English. Yeah, that 219 00:12:33,280 --> 00:12:38,200 Speaker 2: that like fills some of those those already established compartments. 220 00:12:38,640 --> 00:12:39,600 Speaker 3: All right, So what's first? 221 00:12:40,600 --> 00:12:43,920 Speaker 2: The first is the way that I think most people 222 00:12:43,920 --> 00:12:48,360 Speaker 2: who like deride like what they focus on the most, 223 00:12:48,400 --> 00:12:54,520 Speaker 2: which is called the quotative, technically a quotative complementizer, Yeah, 224 00:12:54,600 --> 00:12:58,400 Speaker 2: which basically what you're saying that you're it sets up 225 00:12:58,480 --> 00:13:02,880 Speaker 2: an impression, a paraphrase of what another person had said. 226 00:13:03,280 --> 00:13:07,840 Speaker 2: Wood said might say, like like when I said Umi 227 00:13:07,880 --> 00:13:11,600 Speaker 2: would be like, we're getting a divorce. I'm not expecting 228 00:13:11,640 --> 00:13:15,800 Speaker 2: you to believe in that conversation that Umi told me 229 00:13:15,920 --> 00:13:18,800 Speaker 2: that she's going to divorce me if I spend two 230 00:13:18,840 --> 00:13:22,360 Speaker 2: hundred and fifty dollars on some air Jordan's, but you 231 00:13:22,559 --> 00:13:26,280 Speaker 2: know that the sentiment is generally true, maybe if a 232 00:13:26,280 --> 00:13:29,199 Speaker 2: little exaggerated. So what that like is doing right there 233 00:13:29,280 --> 00:13:33,720 Speaker 2: is signaling to you in conversation, Hey, I take what 234 00:13:33,760 --> 00:13:35,560 Speaker 2: I'm saying with the grain assaut. Here, I'm fudging a 235 00:13:35,559 --> 00:13:37,160 Speaker 2: little bit, but I'm still just trying to get a 236 00:13:37,200 --> 00:13:38,680 Speaker 2: general point across. 237 00:13:39,080 --> 00:13:43,560 Speaker 1: Yeah, And also Day points out it can also be 238 00:13:43,720 --> 00:13:48,840 Speaker 1: used to set up like a mimic or a like 239 00:13:48,840 --> 00:13:51,520 Speaker 1: an impression of the speaker. You didn't do it there 240 00:13:51,559 --> 00:13:57,040 Speaker 1: because you're respectful for U me right, But another gentleman 241 00:13:57,320 --> 00:13:59,719 Speaker 1: might say, you know, my wife would be like where 242 00:14:00,000 --> 00:14:03,280 Speaker 1: adding a device or something like that. It is used 243 00:14:03,320 --> 00:14:05,960 Speaker 1: a lot of times to set up or like, you know, 244 00:14:06,200 --> 00:14:09,319 Speaker 1: let's say it was Sammy Davis Junior, Okay, Sammy would 245 00:14:09,400 --> 00:14:14,319 Speaker 1: Sammy would be like, I'm going to file tomorrow. 246 00:14:15,440 --> 00:14:16,080 Speaker 3: For divorce. 247 00:14:16,240 --> 00:14:19,200 Speaker 2: That was lovely. That was love like. 248 00:14:20,480 --> 00:14:24,440 Speaker 1: So the next thing we can talk about is the 249 00:14:24,560 --> 00:14:29,960 Speaker 1: approximate adverb usage in this scene. That is when it's 250 00:14:30,040 --> 00:14:32,960 Speaker 1: used and this is very very common. This is when 251 00:14:33,000 --> 00:14:36,640 Speaker 1: it's used to mean, you know, around pretty much more 252 00:14:36,720 --> 00:14:39,520 Speaker 1: or less just about. Like when I said I think 253 00:14:39,520 --> 00:14:42,160 Speaker 1: they're like two hundred and fifty dollars at foot locker. 254 00:14:43,320 --> 00:14:46,840 Speaker 1: That means, you know, there were two or three hundred 255 00:14:46,880 --> 00:14:49,080 Speaker 1: people there. There were like two or three hundred people there. 256 00:14:49,760 --> 00:14:53,280 Speaker 1: The bill was like seventy bucks or something. That means 257 00:14:53,520 --> 00:14:56,280 Speaker 1: you're rounding up or you're approximating something. 258 00:14:56,520 --> 00:14:59,480 Speaker 2: Yeah, and again in this sense, too like signals to 259 00:14:59,560 --> 00:15:02,080 Speaker 2: the listen and they're like, hey, don't fully take what 260 00:15:02,120 --> 00:15:05,000 Speaker 2: I'm saying as fact. I'm not trying to be one 261 00:15:05,040 --> 00:15:07,240 Speaker 2: hundred percent accurate here, I'm trying to get a general 262 00:15:07,280 --> 00:15:11,280 Speaker 2: idea across that this is really expensive. I saw a 263 00:15:11,400 --> 00:15:16,680 Speaker 2: paper in the journal Autism and Developmental Language Impairments by 264 00:15:16,920 --> 00:15:20,960 Speaker 2: Jones Zaane Engrossman, twenty twenty two, red Hot still off 265 00:15:20,960 --> 00:15:24,320 Speaker 2: the presses, and they use this example of saying somebody 266 00:15:24,360 --> 00:15:27,760 Speaker 2: saying like, I have like one hundred pair of shoes, right, 267 00:15:28,360 --> 00:15:30,800 Speaker 2: you could have forty pairs of shoes. And because you 268 00:15:30,920 --> 00:15:34,480 Speaker 2: use the word like, that still gets the point across, 269 00:15:34,880 --> 00:15:38,360 Speaker 2: and you're speaking, you're communicating in like a still essentially 270 00:15:38,360 --> 00:15:40,280 Speaker 2: an accurate way. What you're saying is I have a 271 00:15:40,280 --> 00:15:43,200 Speaker 2: lot of shoes. Now it's actually sixty less than the 272 00:15:43,240 --> 00:15:45,240 Speaker 2: number I just threw up, but it doesn't matter because 273 00:15:45,360 --> 00:15:49,000 Speaker 2: forty is still a pretty big number. What Alike is 274 00:15:49,040 --> 00:15:52,760 Speaker 2: doing here is standing in for approximately, and in this case, 275 00:15:52,960 --> 00:15:56,280 Speaker 2: approximately wouldn't work because if you said I have approximately 276 00:15:56,320 --> 00:15:59,600 Speaker 2: one hundred shoes and you actually have forty, that number 277 00:15:59,800 --> 00:16:03,880 Speaker 2: is so way off that you're essentially either lying or 278 00:16:03,920 --> 00:16:08,920 Speaker 2: totally incorrect. Like scuttles all that and says, yeah, hey, 279 00:16:09,160 --> 00:16:11,360 Speaker 2: just just go with me here a little bit. I'm 280 00:16:11,360 --> 00:16:12,720 Speaker 2: just saying I have a bunch of shoes. 281 00:16:13,280 --> 00:16:14,760 Speaker 1: Yeah, it really covers your bases. 282 00:16:15,360 --> 00:16:17,440 Speaker 2: That's a legitimate function of conversation. 283 00:16:18,040 --> 00:16:21,640 Speaker 1: No, absolutely, I do want to poke Dave here just once, 284 00:16:21,720 --> 00:16:24,600 Speaker 1: because one example he used was the movie starts at 285 00:16:24,640 --> 00:16:25,280 Speaker 1: like two or three. 286 00:16:26,040 --> 00:16:29,360 Speaker 3: Well, that's the case, very important. You should be pretty specific. 287 00:16:29,960 --> 00:16:36,160 Speaker 1: Dave's always late, all right, what's next? We have the 288 00:16:36,240 --> 00:16:37,200 Speaker 1: discourse marker. 289 00:16:37,320 --> 00:16:39,320 Speaker 2: Right, Yeah, this is pretty important too. 290 00:16:40,200 --> 00:16:44,320 Speaker 1: Right, So this is probably something that you didn't know 291 00:16:44,400 --> 00:16:47,320 Speaker 1: that it was called this, but we all use discourse 292 00:16:47,440 --> 00:16:51,800 Speaker 1: markers all the time. He found another linguist name and Kurzan, 293 00:16:52,600 --> 00:16:57,040 Speaker 1: who has this analogy where it's like traffic discourse marker 294 00:16:57,120 --> 00:16:59,840 Speaker 1: is like a traffic signal or road sign that helps 295 00:16:59,880 --> 00:17:04,439 Speaker 1: you navigate spoken English, and like is very versatile in 296 00:17:04,560 --> 00:17:08,280 Speaker 1: this function because it can mean a bunch of different 297 00:17:08,320 --> 00:17:13,600 Speaker 1: things as a discourse marker, the first of which, like 298 00:17:13,640 --> 00:17:16,879 Speaker 1: you said, it could be exaggeration. In this case of 299 00:17:17,080 --> 00:17:20,560 Speaker 1: our scene, I know, these Jordans are like a million dollars. 300 00:17:21,119 --> 00:17:23,720 Speaker 1: You know, it's obviously not a million dollars, but it 301 00:17:23,840 --> 00:17:26,640 Speaker 1: sets it up as I'm clearly exaggerating. 302 00:17:26,880 --> 00:17:28,880 Speaker 2: It's similar to the pair of shoes thing too, where 303 00:17:28,880 --> 00:17:31,479 Speaker 2: if I said I know there are a million dollars, 304 00:17:31,520 --> 00:17:35,360 Speaker 2: you'd be like, no, I do not. It's a little high. 305 00:17:35,840 --> 00:17:39,440 Speaker 1: I am from Russia, in Mother Russia. 306 00:17:39,720 --> 00:17:42,200 Speaker 2: Air Jordan's by you in. 307 00:17:42,119 --> 00:17:44,119 Speaker 3: Russia music like you not. 308 00:17:47,040 --> 00:17:50,480 Speaker 1: It can use it can be used as a discourse 309 00:17:50,560 --> 00:17:55,040 Speaker 1: marker for emphasis in our scene. Have you seen have 310 00:17:55,119 --> 00:17:58,280 Speaker 1: you seen what they're charging for these new air Jordans, 311 00:17:59,080 --> 00:18:03,120 Speaker 1: So like just to emphasizes scene, and it just sort 312 00:18:03,119 --> 00:18:06,840 Speaker 1: of pumps up that like, hey, it's something outrageous is 313 00:18:06,880 --> 00:18:07,680 Speaker 1: about to come your way. 314 00:18:08,119 --> 00:18:11,960 Speaker 2: Yeah. Another one is like let me elaborate. So when 315 00:18:12,040 --> 00:18:14,800 Speaker 2: I think I said, like who can afford this stuff, 316 00:18:15,600 --> 00:18:20,960 Speaker 2: I'm actually elaborating on a previous sentence about how expensive 317 00:18:21,000 --> 00:18:25,760 Speaker 2: they are. So they're really expensive. Let me elaborate who 318 00:18:25,800 --> 00:18:29,440 Speaker 2: out there could afford this stuff? That's how expensive they are. 319 00:18:29,480 --> 00:18:31,800 Speaker 2: Just adding like right there cuts down on all that 320 00:18:32,000 --> 00:18:36,199 Speaker 2: extra fat, trims it like a packer in nineteen oh 321 00:18:36,320 --> 00:18:37,359 Speaker 2: six in Chicago. 322 00:18:38,760 --> 00:18:40,560 Speaker 1: Yeah, and you know there are probably people out there 323 00:18:40,600 --> 00:18:42,480 Speaker 1: that are saying, Well, you could drop the word like 324 00:18:42,520 --> 00:18:45,720 Speaker 1: in a lot of these instances, maybe not the million 325 00:18:45,760 --> 00:18:48,320 Speaker 1: dollars when and stuff like that, but you could say 326 00:18:48,359 --> 00:18:51,800 Speaker 1: in that sentence, who can afford this stuff? And I 327 00:18:51,840 --> 00:18:54,600 Speaker 1: get that, But that doesn't mean that putting like in 328 00:18:54,960 --> 00:18:57,160 Speaker 1: is bad necessarily right? 329 00:18:57,200 --> 00:18:59,679 Speaker 2: And who wants to sound like Larry David all the time? 330 00:19:00,320 --> 00:19:02,760 Speaker 2: Noboddy Larry David? 331 00:19:02,880 --> 00:19:04,440 Speaker 1: Yeah, I guess what else? 332 00:19:04,440 --> 00:19:05,120 Speaker 3: What's surprise? 333 00:19:06,880 --> 00:19:09,919 Speaker 2: It's funny. It gets across surprise, but you have to 334 00:19:10,080 --> 00:19:16,960 Speaker 2: use it in a really unsurprised tone, yea for it 335 00:19:17,000 --> 00:19:21,159 Speaker 2: to be effective. So, for example, if if somebody you 336 00:19:21,200 --> 00:19:24,240 Speaker 2: would not expect showed up at a party and you went, 337 00:19:24,440 --> 00:19:27,760 Speaker 2: she's here, you can kind of get that across, like 338 00:19:27,760 --> 00:19:30,760 Speaker 2: like I'm really surprised that she's here, maybe a little 339 00:19:30,840 --> 00:19:32,760 Speaker 2: chill that she's here, she should not be here, that 340 00:19:32,840 --> 00:19:36,240 Speaker 2: kind of thing. But if you say she's like here, 341 00:19:37,800 --> 00:19:40,639 Speaker 2: that really gets it across, gets it across a little better. 342 00:19:40,840 --> 00:19:42,960 Speaker 2: And but you have to you can't be like, she's 343 00:19:43,160 --> 00:19:46,520 Speaker 2: like here. That doesn't work. You have to tone it 344 00:19:46,560 --> 00:19:49,560 Speaker 2: down and do the opposite. And it's then it canvey surprise. 345 00:19:49,640 --> 00:19:52,800 Speaker 2: It's fascinating, it's amazing that that this is how we 346 00:19:52,880 --> 00:19:56,000 Speaker 2: talk and nobody's writing this stuff down. The linguists are 347 00:19:56,000 --> 00:19:59,000 Speaker 2: writing this stuff down from studying what people are doing 348 00:19:59,040 --> 00:20:01,920 Speaker 2: in real time and conversation. This is not part of 349 00:20:01,960 --> 00:20:04,960 Speaker 2: like the modern language associations like handbook. 350 00:20:05,600 --> 00:20:08,200 Speaker 3: Yeah, for sure. 351 00:20:08,840 --> 00:20:11,200 Speaker 1: The last one we're going to talk about is as 352 00:20:11,240 --> 00:20:14,400 Speaker 1: a discourse particle. And this is the one. This is 353 00:20:14,520 --> 00:20:19,000 Speaker 1: this is the real bad guy as far as like 354 00:20:19,119 --> 00:20:21,880 Speaker 1: haters go, don't you think probably? 355 00:20:21,960 --> 00:20:23,600 Speaker 2: Yeah, I think this is I mean, this is the. 356 00:20:23,520 --> 00:20:26,879 Speaker 1: One that that that people will say is clearly just 357 00:20:27,320 --> 00:20:30,639 Speaker 1: inserted in there as biller. It is the one that 358 00:20:30,680 --> 00:20:35,040 Speaker 1: is infecting our language. Is this discourse particle use? 359 00:20:35,320 --> 00:20:36,960 Speaker 3: And that is. 360 00:20:38,720 --> 00:20:41,760 Speaker 1: I believe the woman who wrote the book, Alexandra Darcy, 361 00:20:41,840 --> 00:20:45,360 Speaker 1: she's a linguist, said, I believe a PhD. I'm not mistaken, 362 00:20:46,400 --> 00:20:50,399 Speaker 1: said that using it as a discourse particle doesn't doesn't 363 00:20:50,480 --> 00:20:53,320 Speaker 1: change the meaning of a sentence necessarily, but it does 364 00:20:53,359 --> 00:20:57,280 Speaker 1: set a tone and operates in the interpersonal. 365 00:20:56,480 --> 00:21:03,119 Speaker 2: Realm exactly right. So, for example, if you are talking 366 00:21:03,160 --> 00:21:09,640 Speaker 2: about somebody who you just like they've made some bad 367 00:21:09,720 --> 00:21:13,000 Speaker 2: life choices or whatever, and you're expressing this to somebody else, 368 00:21:13,560 --> 00:21:15,800 Speaker 2: but you don't want to make it sound like you 369 00:21:16,040 --> 00:21:18,280 Speaker 2: don't like that person, Like you want to express that 370 00:21:18,320 --> 00:21:20,480 Speaker 2: you still like that person, but they've made some bad 371 00:21:20,520 --> 00:21:24,439 Speaker 2: life choices and you're a little disappointed in that. You 372 00:21:24,480 --> 00:21:28,920 Speaker 2: could say two things. You could say, I love her, 373 00:21:29,000 --> 00:21:34,120 Speaker 2: but she's dumb. Right if you like you sound kind 374 00:21:34,119 --> 00:21:36,440 Speaker 2: of like a jerk. So what you can do is 375 00:21:36,560 --> 00:21:39,280 Speaker 2: use like you can pepper sentences, would like to kind 376 00:21:39,280 --> 00:21:43,359 Speaker 2: of pat it. For example, you would say like, I 377 00:21:43,400 --> 00:21:47,600 Speaker 2: love her, but she's like dumb. That it gets across 378 00:21:47,600 --> 00:21:50,240 Speaker 2: to the listener like, hey, I still care about this person. 379 00:21:50,280 --> 00:21:53,040 Speaker 2: I'm not really putting them down. I'm just trying to 380 00:21:53,040 --> 00:21:55,760 Speaker 2: get across some stuff that I'm just getting something off 381 00:21:55,800 --> 00:21:57,159 Speaker 2: my chest here between you and me. 382 00:21:57,920 --> 00:22:01,359 Speaker 1: Yeah, absolutely, it's sort of It works as a softener 383 00:22:01,920 --> 00:22:04,159 Speaker 1: like this example too. If someone asks you to go 384 00:22:04,240 --> 00:22:07,080 Speaker 1: do something like hey, Josh, you want to go to 385 00:22:07,119 --> 00:22:11,359 Speaker 1: dinner and you said sorry, I'm tired, that's like, oh, well, 386 00:22:12,280 --> 00:22:14,359 Speaker 1: Josh clearly doesn't want to have dinner with me. But 387 00:22:14,359 --> 00:22:17,440 Speaker 1: if you said sorry, I'm just like really tired, then 388 00:22:17,640 --> 00:22:21,680 Speaker 1: that just softens things. Like the interpretation is I would 389 00:22:21,760 --> 00:22:24,439 Speaker 1: really love to go to dinner with you. But I'm tired, correct, 390 00:22:24,480 --> 00:22:26,240 Speaker 1: and you don't have to say all that other stuff. 391 00:22:26,359 --> 00:22:30,040 Speaker 2: No, No, it's so it's a softener. That's a really 392 00:22:30,040 --> 00:22:31,720 Speaker 2: great way to put it. I think that's how John 393 00:22:31,800 --> 00:22:36,639 Speaker 2: McCord put it the Linguist. And it also works in 394 00:22:36,720 --> 00:22:40,600 Speaker 2: reverse too, because it acts as as shielding, right, you're 395 00:22:40,640 --> 00:22:44,040 Speaker 2: shielding the other person's feelings. By adding those likes, you're saying, like, 396 00:22:44,320 --> 00:22:48,080 Speaker 2: I don't dislike you. I'm not trying to be mean here, 397 00:22:48,359 --> 00:22:51,320 Speaker 2: I just I know you're probably going to be disappointed, 398 00:22:51,400 --> 00:22:53,760 Speaker 2: so I want to just kind of get this information 399 00:22:53,840 --> 00:22:57,320 Speaker 2: across as gently as possible, and peppering it with likes 400 00:22:57,359 --> 00:23:00,560 Speaker 2: does that. But like I said, it works in reverse. 401 00:23:00,960 --> 00:23:04,400 Speaker 2: It shields the speaker too. In some cases, it acts 402 00:23:04,440 --> 00:23:08,280 Speaker 2: as a hedge to where you are saying, you're giving 403 00:23:08,320 --> 00:23:10,840 Speaker 2: yourself plausible deniability. You're not saying I'm one hundred percent 404 00:23:10,880 --> 00:23:14,080 Speaker 2: confident in what I'm saying. I'm pretty sure. But because 405 00:23:14,080 --> 00:23:17,200 Speaker 2: I'm adding like, it's hedging it so that if I'm wrong, 406 00:23:17,359 --> 00:23:19,239 Speaker 2: it's not the end of the world. It's not that 407 00:23:19,359 --> 00:23:21,960 Speaker 2: much egg on my face. So if you were asking, 408 00:23:21,960 --> 00:23:24,400 Speaker 2: if somebody asked what you were or what you did 409 00:23:24,400 --> 00:23:26,960 Speaker 2: for a living and I didn't know I could say 410 00:23:27,320 --> 00:23:30,480 Speaker 2: I think like he's a podcaster, or I think he's 411 00:23:30,640 --> 00:23:35,119 Speaker 2: like a podcaster. That's like it just hedges it a 412 00:23:35,160 --> 00:23:37,760 Speaker 2: little bit, and and yeah, it protects the speaker in 413 00:23:37,800 --> 00:23:40,720 Speaker 2: this case rather than protects the receiver. But it's the 414 00:23:40,720 --> 00:23:42,000 Speaker 2: same function essentially. 415 00:23:42,600 --> 00:23:42,800 Speaker 3: Yeah. 416 00:23:42,840 --> 00:23:44,600 Speaker 1: I mean we do that all the time when we're 417 00:23:44,640 --> 00:23:46,679 Speaker 1: just pulling something off the dum we're not sure about. 418 00:23:47,240 --> 00:23:51,160 Speaker 2: Yeah, but people still email in and tell me how wrong, wrong, wrong? 419 00:23:51,240 --> 00:23:53,159 Speaker 3: I am. Well. 420 00:23:53,760 --> 00:23:57,760 Speaker 1: Alexandria Darcy would say that if you use like as 421 00:23:57,800 --> 00:24:02,280 Speaker 1: a discourse particle, then that means that you are emotionally intelligent. Yeah, 422 00:24:02,520 --> 00:24:05,280 Speaker 1: that means you have very much an awareness of who 423 00:24:05,320 --> 00:24:07,400 Speaker 1: you're speaking to and how your words are being received. 424 00:24:07,880 --> 00:24:11,800 Speaker 1: And there have been studies that have shown that when 425 00:24:11,840 --> 00:24:15,360 Speaker 1: people hear speech that do not have like or other 426 00:24:15,400 --> 00:24:18,879 Speaker 1: discourse particles, that and you know, as another one, you 427 00:24:18,920 --> 00:24:23,440 Speaker 1: know that people sound robotic and unfriendly and unnatural, and 428 00:24:23,480 --> 00:24:27,120 Speaker 1: that these discourse particles conversationally make people feel at ease. 429 00:24:28,040 --> 00:24:34,560 Speaker 2: It's almost like hard water and the likes are water softeners. Right, 430 00:24:35,960 --> 00:24:37,560 Speaker 2: It's the best I can come up with. 431 00:24:38,359 --> 00:24:39,439 Speaker 3: Should we take another break? 432 00:24:39,680 --> 00:24:39,920 Speaker 2: Yes? 433 00:24:40,560 --> 00:24:42,720 Speaker 3: All right? We will be right back. 434 00:25:05,119 --> 00:25:08,600 Speaker 2: So Chuck. If you ask people, even people use the 435 00:25:08,600 --> 00:25:11,560 Speaker 2: word like, like, where did the use of like come from? 436 00:25:11,600 --> 00:25:14,600 Speaker 2: When did we start using like in English? Spoke in English? 437 00:25:15,000 --> 00:25:17,720 Speaker 2: Most people would give them the chance to think about it, 438 00:25:17,760 --> 00:25:21,359 Speaker 2: say Valley Girls. Yeah, I'm pretty sure it's Valley Girls. 439 00:25:22,359 --> 00:25:25,360 Speaker 2: Valley Girls are Teletubbies one of the two, and you'd 440 00:25:25,400 --> 00:25:28,919 Speaker 2: be like, it wasn't Teletubbies. But also it wasn't Valley Girls. 441 00:25:29,160 --> 00:25:33,920 Speaker 2: Valley Girls popularized it, but we were using like way before. 442 00:25:34,359 --> 00:25:36,800 Speaker 2: But one of the reasons why people think Valley Girls 443 00:25:37,119 --> 00:25:39,840 Speaker 2: is in part because of a nineteen eighty two song 444 00:25:39,920 --> 00:25:45,159 Speaker 2: by Frank Zappa that introduced Valley Girls to the United States. Like, 445 00:25:45,200 --> 00:25:47,840 Speaker 2: they were pretty much confined to the San Fernando Valley 446 00:25:48,119 --> 00:25:49,880 Speaker 2: until that Frank Zappa song came along. 447 00:25:49,920 --> 00:25:52,320 Speaker 1: I think, yeah, and this is, you know, part of 448 00:25:52,359 --> 00:25:55,800 Speaker 1: greater Los Angeles if you're not familiar. But in eighty 449 00:25:55,840 --> 00:25:57,600 Speaker 1: two he put up a song Valley Girl with his 450 00:25:57,680 --> 00:26:01,399 Speaker 1: daughter Moon Zappa, and it really, you know, sort of 451 00:26:01,440 --> 00:26:06,040 Speaker 1: mocked that way of speaking. The movie Valley Girl was 452 00:26:06,480 --> 00:26:08,000 Speaker 1: it was not for the movie. The movie came out 453 00:26:08,000 --> 00:26:11,880 Speaker 1: a year later, and that obviously made it even more 454 00:26:11,920 --> 00:26:15,719 Speaker 1: popular other movies like Fast Times Origemont High, and then 455 00:26:15,800 --> 00:26:20,240 Speaker 1: later in the nineties with Clueless, which brought other terms 456 00:26:20,240 --> 00:26:23,240 Speaker 1: that a lot of people hate, like whatever and as if. 457 00:26:24,160 --> 00:26:27,159 Speaker 1: But like you said, these things really popularize it. It 458 00:26:27,200 --> 00:26:31,240 Speaker 1: didn't invent it. And we know it because there's actual 459 00:26:31,359 --> 00:26:34,200 Speaker 1: proof if you go back even just a little while 460 00:26:34,720 --> 00:26:38,359 Speaker 1: and look at history of in the nineteen fifties and 461 00:26:38,440 --> 00:26:44,320 Speaker 1: nineteen sixties with the beats and the heptalk or jive talk, bebop. 462 00:26:44,480 --> 00:26:48,360 Speaker 1: They were saying like crazy and writing it in their books. 463 00:26:48,520 --> 00:26:49,639 Speaker 1: It was all over the place. 464 00:26:49,920 --> 00:26:53,280 Speaker 2: Yeah, So Dave gives some examples of bop talk or 465 00:26:53,400 --> 00:26:58,200 Speaker 2: jive talk or jazz talk. Crazy was one. We used 466 00:26:58,240 --> 00:27:01,480 Speaker 2: that a lot cool the top. That's reminds me of 467 00:27:01,480 --> 00:27:06,479 Speaker 2: Meltormet gone as in gone Girl, dig hip. And then 468 00:27:06,520 --> 00:27:09,160 Speaker 2: he includes et cetera, which I didn't realize was bop talk. 469 00:27:10,080 --> 00:27:11,000 Speaker 2: I thought that was Latin. 470 00:27:12,920 --> 00:27:14,119 Speaker 3: That's funny. You almost got me. 471 00:27:16,080 --> 00:27:18,040 Speaker 1: But they would use the word like a lot, like 472 00:27:18,119 --> 00:27:21,600 Speaker 1: you know that cat is like crazy, or you know, 473 00:27:21,800 --> 00:27:24,760 Speaker 1: like he is so square, or like I was really grooven. 474 00:27:25,480 --> 00:27:28,880 Speaker 1: You know, they used it basically in the exact same way. 475 00:27:28,960 --> 00:27:32,240 Speaker 1: Approximate adverbs, discourse markers, and discourse particles, right. 476 00:27:32,200 --> 00:27:32,800 Speaker 3: The same way. 477 00:27:33,280 --> 00:27:35,040 Speaker 1: Valley Girls in the eighties used it in the same 478 00:27:35,080 --> 00:27:37,160 Speaker 1: way people of all stripes use it today. 479 00:27:37,280 --> 00:27:39,080 Speaker 2: Yeah, and if you were into jazz at the time, 480 00:27:39,240 --> 00:27:42,919 Speaker 2: you were probably somewhat familiar of bop talk. But it 481 00:27:42,960 --> 00:27:47,320 Speaker 2: filtered into the Beats, who kind of introduced it to 482 00:27:47,359 --> 00:27:50,679 Speaker 2: an even wider audience in the United States. Likes it 483 00:27:50,800 --> 00:27:53,440 Speaker 2: pops up here there and on the road from Jack Kerouac. 484 00:27:54,160 --> 00:27:56,320 Speaker 2: So we know, at least as far back as the Beats, 485 00:27:56,359 --> 00:28:00,240 Speaker 2: and probably before that with jazz musicians in the forties, 486 00:28:01,440 --> 00:28:05,159 Speaker 2: like was used in the same slangy way that we 487 00:28:05,320 --> 00:28:09,679 Speaker 2: use it now, multiple ways we use it now, but 488 00:28:09,720 --> 00:28:13,199 Speaker 2: that the Valley Girls are the ones that seem to 489 00:28:13,240 --> 00:28:17,679 Speaker 2: have introduced or at least popularized that the latest version 490 00:28:18,119 --> 00:28:22,720 Speaker 2: or use of like, which is that quotative version where 491 00:28:23,000 --> 00:28:26,080 Speaker 2: it sets up a paraphrase quote. 492 00:28:26,320 --> 00:28:29,240 Speaker 1: Yeah, And I think they did not find and you know, 493 00:28:29,280 --> 00:28:32,200 Speaker 1: they dug around. I believe that Darcy and her book 494 00:28:32,240 --> 00:28:36,159 Speaker 1: found uses in England in the nineteenth century where they 495 00:28:36,160 --> 00:28:38,560 Speaker 1: would use the word like in several different ways that 496 00:28:38,600 --> 00:28:41,920 Speaker 1: we use it now, But that one the what. 497 00:28:41,800 --> 00:28:42,400 Speaker 3: Was it called again? 498 00:28:43,280 --> 00:28:45,200 Speaker 2: What the quotative use. 499 00:28:45,640 --> 00:28:47,800 Speaker 1: Yeah, yeah, the quotative, that's the one that seems to 500 00:28:48,040 --> 00:28:50,400 Speaker 1: have really been truly born in the eighties. 501 00:28:50,640 --> 00:28:54,960 Speaker 2: Yeah, and it's probable or possible that Valley Girls did 502 00:28:55,000 --> 00:28:58,520 Speaker 2: not make that up, but it became part of valley 503 00:28:58,560 --> 00:29:01,320 Speaker 2: girl val speak, along with like gag me with the 504 00:29:01,320 --> 00:29:03,440 Speaker 2: spoon and totally tubular. 505 00:29:02,960 --> 00:29:05,040 Speaker 1: And all teenagers talk like that back then. 506 00:29:05,880 --> 00:29:09,280 Speaker 2: Yeah, but apparently ground zero for it was the valley 507 00:29:09,480 --> 00:29:12,000 Speaker 2: that That's where it emerged from, at the very least, 508 00:29:12,000 --> 00:29:15,440 Speaker 2: that's where people thought that it emerged from. Like kids, 509 00:29:15,480 --> 00:29:18,520 Speaker 2: I think it's that kids in Ohio weren't necessarily talking 510 00:29:18,600 --> 00:29:20,600 Speaker 2: like that. I know my sisters didn't talk like that 511 00:29:20,760 --> 00:29:23,480 Speaker 2: until those movies came out. 512 00:29:23,880 --> 00:29:26,040 Speaker 3: M I heard stuff like that. I think it. 513 00:29:26,160 --> 00:29:28,640 Speaker 1: I think it popularized it, but I think teenagers were 514 00:29:28,960 --> 00:29:32,480 Speaker 1: I mean maybe not some of the particular phrases, but 515 00:29:32,960 --> 00:29:36,200 Speaker 1: the use of like you know was definitely around before 516 00:29:36,240 --> 00:29:42,880 Speaker 1: that movie. Okay, no, no, no, for sure, I mean popularly. 517 00:29:41,880 --> 00:29:46,600 Speaker 2: Right, Okay, but most people point to or were exposed 518 00:29:46,640 --> 00:29:50,440 Speaker 2: to it from Valley Girls, not the movie. I'm saying, 519 00:29:50,480 --> 00:29:54,080 Speaker 2: like the concept, the social trend Valley. 520 00:29:53,840 --> 00:29:57,040 Speaker 1: Girls, right because of the movie. 521 00:29:57,480 --> 00:30:01,280 Speaker 2: Right, So, that's the one that most people associate with 522 00:30:01,440 --> 00:30:04,360 Speaker 2: Valley girls for a reason. They're the ones who popularize it. 523 00:30:04,400 --> 00:30:07,400 Speaker 2: But people blame valley girls for the whole use of 524 00:30:07,600 --> 00:30:09,880 Speaker 2: like in a lot of ways, and it's kind of 525 00:30:09,920 --> 00:30:13,480 Speaker 2: translated since the early eighties into young girls. You don't 526 00:30:13,480 --> 00:30:15,720 Speaker 2: have to be valley girls. Like the idea is just 527 00:30:15,920 --> 00:30:18,000 Speaker 2: young girls talk like that. They're the ones who use 528 00:30:18,240 --> 00:30:21,160 Speaker 2: like all the time if they are infecting the language. 529 00:30:21,440 --> 00:30:24,480 Speaker 2: That's what some people think, and that apparently is not 530 00:30:24,560 --> 00:30:28,680 Speaker 2: just incorrect. Factually, it's pretty sexists in the way that 531 00:30:29,600 --> 00:30:33,960 Speaker 2: Disco Demolition Night riot where people were just going crazy 532 00:30:33,960 --> 00:30:40,000 Speaker 2: on disco records in Chicago was homophobic. 533 00:30:40,640 --> 00:30:44,200 Speaker 1: Yeah, and racists, Yeah for sure. 534 00:30:45,000 --> 00:30:45,280 Speaker 3: Yeah. 535 00:30:45,360 --> 00:30:48,160 Speaker 1: I mean, you know, there's a history of that still 536 00:30:48,160 --> 00:30:52,479 Speaker 1: goes on today of sort of thinly veiled coded like 537 00:30:52,560 --> 00:30:56,760 Speaker 1: it's okay to like, it's not okay to to make 538 00:30:56,800 --> 00:31:01,440 Speaker 1: fun of someone because of you know, their age, or 539 00:31:01,440 --> 00:31:05,760 Speaker 1: because of their gender identity or their ethnicity or something, 540 00:31:06,080 --> 00:31:08,960 Speaker 1: but it's still generally okay to make fun of the 541 00:31:09,000 --> 00:31:13,400 Speaker 1: way someone might talk, and that oftentimes is coded in 542 00:31:13,400 --> 00:31:14,760 Speaker 1: this case for young women. 543 00:31:15,200 --> 00:31:20,080 Speaker 2: Yeah, because kind of as a rule, the contributions the 544 00:31:20,160 --> 00:31:23,520 Speaker 2: intellectual contributions of young women in the United States are 545 00:31:23,680 --> 00:31:27,120 Speaker 2: not there's not a huge high emphasis on them. Traditionally 546 00:31:27,160 --> 00:31:30,280 Speaker 2: there hasn't been, especially among older men. They're very much 547 00:31:30,320 --> 00:31:32,760 Speaker 2: looked down upon. But again, you can't just be like 548 00:31:32,800 --> 00:31:36,360 Speaker 2: you're stupid because you're a twenty year old girl. But 549 00:31:36,440 --> 00:31:39,360 Speaker 2: you could say like, you sound really immature because you 550 00:31:39,480 --> 00:31:42,400 Speaker 2: use like a lot. It's still the same thing. You've 551 00:31:42,480 --> 00:31:47,040 Speaker 2: just found a different entree into devaluing that person's contributions 552 00:31:47,120 --> 00:31:49,400 Speaker 2: or that group's contributions. 553 00:31:49,480 --> 00:31:51,800 Speaker 1: Well, I mean, you need not look any further than 554 00:31:51,840 --> 00:31:56,520 Speaker 1: someone like Greta Thurnberg, you know, use like a lot. No, 555 00:31:56,600 --> 00:31:58,720 Speaker 1: I'm just talking about when she first came on the 556 00:31:58,760 --> 00:32:02,760 Speaker 1: scene sort of all you heard about was like, oh, 557 00:32:02,800 --> 00:32:04,560 Speaker 1: you know this young girl, this young girl. 558 00:32:04,440 --> 00:32:05,520 Speaker 2: She's a rabble rouser. 559 00:32:05,600 --> 00:32:09,080 Speaker 1: I think it's said, you know, generally derisively by a 560 00:32:09,080 --> 00:32:12,920 Speaker 1: lot of people, generally older, older men in politics. 561 00:32:12,960 --> 00:32:13,360 Speaker 3: For sure. 562 00:32:13,480 --> 00:32:18,640 Speaker 2: Sure. Yeah, no, that's a great example of it. So 563 00:32:18,840 --> 00:32:23,360 Speaker 2: I said, factually, that doesn't make it's not accurate. And 564 00:32:23,560 --> 00:32:29,440 Speaker 2: our linguist heroes Darcy and Catherine Kinsler and others have 565 00:32:29,520 --> 00:32:31,800 Speaker 2: studied this. They actually do studies to find out who 566 00:32:31,800 --> 00:32:35,320 Speaker 2: actually uses like and they found that in general, just 567 00:32:35,520 --> 00:32:38,480 Speaker 2: using like, men and women use it with about the 568 00:32:38,480 --> 00:32:41,720 Speaker 2: same frequency. But when you dig down a little further, 569 00:32:42,040 --> 00:32:44,720 Speaker 2: you drill down into it to get into the real 570 00:32:44,800 --> 00:32:49,440 Speaker 2: granular meat of the whole subject, kind of like a 571 00:32:49,640 --> 00:32:52,520 Speaker 2: nineteen oh six packer in Chicago with a really sharp 572 00:32:52,600 --> 00:32:57,480 Speaker 2: knife and tuberculosis. You find that there are distinctions between 573 00:32:57,520 --> 00:33:01,920 Speaker 2: age and gender that the use of like in different ways. 574 00:33:02,680 --> 00:33:03,400 Speaker 3: Yeah, for sure. 575 00:33:03,480 --> 00:33:06,840 Speaker 1: So what they found was for the approximate adverb form 576 00:33:07,800 --> 00:33:10,240 Speaker 1: meaning you know, almost or just about, men and women 577 00:33:10,400 --> 00:33:15,520 Speaker 1: use it equally, the discourse particle like the softener or 578 00:33:15,560 --> 00:33:19,640 Speaker 1: the interpersonal like, men actually use it more frequently than women. 579 00:33:21,200 --> 00:33:28,520 Speaker 1: The discourse particle form like what's a good example there. 580 00:33:29,520 --> 00:33:34,160 Speaker 2: The discourse marker would be like emphasis, like have you seen. 581 00:33:34,720 --> 00:33:37,080 Speaker 1: Oh, okay, Yeah, that one. They found that women do 582 00:33:37,200 --> 00:33:40,320 Speaker 1: use it more frequently. The big one was the new 583 00:33:40,440 --> 00:33:45,240 Speaker 1: kid on the block in the eighties, a quotative complementizer. 584 00:33:45,680 --> 00:33:49,240 Speaker 1: It's such a stupid word, it really is. That's the 585 00:33:49,280 --> 00:33:54,120 Speaker 1: one that is significantly used more frequently by women than men. 586 00:33:54,400 --> 00:33:57,600 Speaker 2: Yeah. So yeah, And also there's this idea that it's 587 00:33:57,680 --> 00:34:00,360 Speaker 2: just young the younger generations that use it in the 588 00:34:00,840 --> 00:34:04,880 Speaker 2: younger generations definitely use it more frequently and in more 589 00:34:05,360 --> 00:34:10,320 Speaker 2: interesting and diverse ways, but it still filters to other 590 00:34:10,400 --> 00:34:14,959 Speaker 2: age groups. And there's apparently Darcy included some quotes from 591 00:34:15,120 --> 00:34:19,840 Speaker 2: Brits in their seventies to nineties who were using like 592 00:34:20,040 --> 00:34:24,080 Speaker 2: in ways that we recognize as the slang uses of like. 593 00:34:24,080 --> 00:34:24,200 Speaker 3: Like. 594 00:34:24,280 --> 00:34:27,840 Speaker 2: One of them says a seventy five year old respondent 595 00:34:27,920 --> 00:34:33,160 Speaker 2: said they were just like sitting waiting to die. Can 596 00:34:33,200 --> 00:34:36,160 Speaker 2: you do a seventy five year old British woman impression? 597 00:34:36,800 --> 00:34:40,880 Speaker 1: I don't think so, Okay, Yeah, I mean, you know, 598 00:34:41,120 --> 00:34:44,360 Speaker 1: clear examples of people of a certain age using the 599 00:34:44,360 --> 00:34:47,799 Speaker 1: word like. The one again, the one big exception is 600 00:34:47,840 --> 00:34:52,600 Speaker 1: a quotative like, which is supposedly women use or not supposedly. 601 00:34:52,600 --> 00:34:55,000 Speaker 1: I guess they found in their study use more than men. 602 00:34:55,120 --> 00:34:59,840 Speaker 1: And it's also almost exclusively used by younger people. But again, 603 00:35:00,360 --> 00:35:05,080 Speaker 1: younger people are always the ones that are changing language 604 00:35:05,200 --> 00:35:08,400 Speaker 1: and thinking up new words and trying out new usages 605 00:35:08,520 --> 00:35:10,000 Speaker 1: since the beginning of time. 606 00:35:10,120 --> 00:35:13,720 Speaker 2: Yeah, so there's a larger question that we still haven't 607 00:35:13,800 --> 00:35:18,879 Speaker 2: fully answered, and that is, like, do the people who 608 00:35:18,920 --> 00:35:21,440 Speaker 2: hate like and say it's infecting the language they have 609 00:35:21,480 --> 00:35:25,320 Speaker 2: a point and turns out the answers no, not really, 610 00:35:25,440 --> 00:35:28,120 Speaker 2: they have some sort of weird personal vendetta which may 611 00:35:28,200 --> 00:35:31,040 Speaker 2: or may not be sexist in nature or agists at 612 00:35:31,120 --> 00:35:36,440 Speaker 2: least that if you look at how the word like 613 00:35:36,719 --> 00:35:40,399 Speaker 2: is used, it provides all sorts of unique functions that 614 00:35:40,480 --> 00:35:44,840 Speaker 2: other words don't necessarily fill. Like Remember I said approximately 615 00:35:45,040 --> 00:35:47,320 Speaker 2: would work in some cases, but not in other cases, 616 00:35:48,800 --> 00:35:51,560 Speaker 2: like has carved, or we've used like to carve out 617 00:35:51,840 --> 00:35:55,360 Speaker 2: or fill voids that no other words had filled before 618 00:35:55,520 --> 00:35:58,920 Speaker 2: in spoken English language. And yes, it looks weird on paper, 619 00:35:59,360 --> 00:36:01,719 Speaker 2: but we're not talking about on paper. We're talking about 620 00:36:01,760 --> 00:36:05,880 Speaker 2: in a conversation. And like is a way people make 621 00:36:05,960 --> 00:36:08,520 Speaker 2: sure that you're with them still when they're talking to you, 622 00:36:08,760 --> 00:36:12,839 Speaker 2: that you feel included, that your feelings are being acknowledged. 623 00:36:13,200 --> 00:36:17,440 Speaker 2: It provides all sorts of really interesting functions it does. 624 00:36:17,840 --> 00:36:21,320 Speaker 1: And in short, it's just the way people talk generally. 625 00:36:21,640 --> 00:36:25,600 Speaker 2: Yes, for sure, all right, Well, if you want to 626 00:36:25,640 --> 00:36:28,839 Speaker 2: know more about like, to start listening, and you will 627 00:36:28,920 --> 00:36:31,640 Speaker 2: drive yourself mad. And if you don't feel like doing that, 628 00:36:31,800 --> 00:36:34,360 Speaker 2: just read some linguistic papers on it. There's some interesting 629 00:36:34,360 --> 00:36:37,399 Speaker 2: stuff out there. And since I said that, it's time 630 00:36:37,440 --> 00:36:40,360 Speaker 2: for listener man, I'm going to. 631 00:36:40,400 --> 00:36:42,720 Speaker 1: Call this Simpson's Clue. 632 00:36:43,920 --> 00:36:44,680 Speaker 3: Okay board game. 633 00:36:45,520 --> 00:36:49,200 Speaker 1: Hey, guys, just finished to the episode on Clue. I 634 00:36:49,239 --> 00:36:52,319 Speaker 1: am so excited to tell you this about the Simpsons 635 00:36:52,440 --> 00:36:55,200 Speaker 1: Clue board game. Maybe you sawt in your research, but 636 00:36:55,320 --> 00:36:57,480 Speaker 1: it is so on brand for you too. How to 637 00:36:57,480 --> 00:37:00,439 Speaker 1: make sure that you're aware of its existence? In the game, 638 00:37:00,520 --> 00:37:03,920 Speaker 1: mister Burns is murdered and the characters are March as 639 00:37:03,920 --> 00:37:07,560 Speaker 1: Missus Peacock, Homer as mister Green, Lisa as Miss Scarlett, 640 00:37:08,200 --> 00:37:16,400 Speaker 1: Bart as Professor Plum, Krusty as Colonel Mustard, and Smithers 641 00:37:16,440 --> 00:37:21,120 Speaker 1: as Missus White. Apparently this was later changed. The weapons 642 00:37:21,160 --> 00:37:27,920 Speaker 1: included Lisa's saxophone, plutonium, Rod Bart's slingshot, Lisa's necklace, extendo glove, 643 00:37:28,080 --> 00:37:32,840 Speaker 1: and a poisoned doughnut. The locations are obviously all around Springfield. 644 00:37:32,960 --> 00:37:36,640 Speaker 1: You got Mo's, the Retirement Castle, the Simpson's house, mister 645 00:37:36,640 --> 00:37:40,200 Speaker 1: Burns's office, and the Quickie Mart, and of course there 646 00:37:40,200 --> 00:37:41,480 Speaker 1: are lots of Easter eggs. 647 00:37:41,640 --> 00:37:42,640 Speaker 3: It's just so perfect. 648 00:37:42,920 --> 00:37:45,719 Speaker 1: As a kid that religiously watched The Simpsons reruns every night, 649 00:37:46,440 --> 00:37:48,719 Speaker 1: getting Simpson's Clue was the best birthday present I could 650 00:37:48,719 --> 00:37:51,479 Speaker 1: think of, and the only version I have ever had. 651 00:37:52,080 --> 00:37:54,160 Speaker 1: Thank you for all the hours of entertainment and third 652 00:37:54,239 --> 00:37:58,560 Speaker 1: wheeling to your conversations or I guess fourth wheeling with Jerry. 653 00:37:58,880 --> 00:38:02,240 Speaker 3: I love you, guys. That is from Margaret Nihawk. 654 00:38:02,760 --> 00:38:05,719 Speaker 2: Thanks Margaret, that was a great email. I really feel 655 00:38:05,760 --> 00:38:07,080 Speaker 2: the urge to go out and buy. 656 00:38:06,880 --> 00:38:08,960 Speaker 3: The Simpsons Clue totally. 657 00:38:09,640 --> 00:38:13,640 Speaker 2: If you want to subliminally act upon us in some 658 00:38:13,680 --> 00:38:17,080 Speaker 2: sort of way that hopefully is helpful, like getting us 659 00:38:17,120 --> 00:38:19,880 Speaker 2: to want to buy a really great board game like 660 00:38:20,040 --> 00:38:22,480 Speaker 2: Margaret did, you can get in touch with us too, 661 00:38:22,920 --> 00:38:25,719 Speaker 2: send us a very nice email to stuff podcast at 662 00:38:25,719 --> 00:38:31,880 Speaker 2: iHeartRadio dot com. Stuff you Should Know is a production 663 00:38:32,000 --> 00:38:32,799 Speaker 2: of iHeartRadio. 664 00:38:33,320 --> 00:38:36,479 Speaker 1: For more podcasts my heart Radio, visit the iHeartRadio app, 665 00:38:36,680 --> 00:38:39,600 Speaker 1: Apple Podcasts, or wherever you listen to your favorite shows.