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Speaker 1: Welcome to Stuff You Missed in History Class from how

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Speaker 1: Stuff Works dot com. Hello, and welcome to the podcast.

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Speaker 1: I'm Sarah Dowdy and I'm Debline A Chuck reporting. And

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Speaker 1: if you remember, we talked about shipwrecks a little bit

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Speaker 1: at the beginning of the summer, and after we covered them,

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Speaker 1: including the ironclad Civil War era Monitor, we started to

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Speaker 1: get some suggestions that really surprised me. They were suggestions

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Speaker 1: for sixteenth century Korean history. So I've got to ask

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Speaker 1: why would a civil warship have called to mind sixteenth

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Speaker 1: century Korea? And that's because Korea is famous for its

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Speaker 1: turtle ships, which are considered by some to be the

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Speaker 1: first ironclads. And the turtle ships were used long long

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Speaker 1: before the Monitor Mary Mack showed down about two fifty

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Speaker 1: years before, and they were used to great effect to

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Speaker 1: defensively against Japan, makeing them quite famous in Korea but

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Speaker 1: maybe not so well known outside of that country. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: but since it's usually more interesting when a military story

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Speaker 1: is attached to an individual, we were especially one over

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Speaker 1: when listeners like Suwan and Will told us about the

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Speaker 1: famous commander of these fire breathing turtle ships, Admiral Ye

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Speaker 1: Sun Sin and national hero, sometimes called Korea's Admiral Lord Nelson,

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Speaker 1: although like the Turtleships, Ye came along before Nelson did. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: this kind of reminds me of the Joan of Art

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Speaker 1: comparisons and and things like that, when people are are

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Speaker 1: compared to a Western figure who lived long after. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: that's a great point. But still if it if it

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Speaker 1: helps anybody sort of give a comparison for what this

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Speaker 1: guy was like, then I'm all for it. Yes, But

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Speaker 1: before we talk about Admiral Yee, we have to discuss

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Speaker 1: his opponent, the daimyo warrior who unified Japan and then

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Speaker 1: went looking for a little bit more. Yeah, So backtracking

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Speaker 1: a little bit here, Japan in the sixteenth century was

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Speaker 1: just a mess of civil wars between these powerful daimio factions,

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Speaker 1: so local warlords who had their own armies and like

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Speaker 1: to fight a lot. So born a peasant. This guy

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Speaker 1: named Toya told me, Hideyoshi got involved in these wars

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Speaker 1: and pretty quickly rose to the position of henchman for

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Speaker 1: Oda Nobunaga, who was a general who eventually deposed the Showgun.

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Speaker 1: And when Nobunaga died, Hideyoshi succeeded him. Even though he

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Speaker 1: couldn't claim the title of shogun for himself because of

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Speaker 1: his low birth status. Nevertheless, he was ostensibly ruling to

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Speaker 1: Pan or at least controlling the military aspects of the country,

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Speaker 1: and he went about unifying it too, getting all of

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Speaker 1: those daimio warlords to fall in line. It was just

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Speaker 1: this huge meteoric rise for this kind of obscure warrior. Initially, Yeah,

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Speaker 1: so once you've unified your country, what's one great way

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Speaker 1: to keep it together? In this case, it was fighting

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Speaker 1: someone else Hedeo. She believed that he was destined to

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Speaker 1: rule an enormous empire, starting by conquering China, of course,

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Speaker 1: and eventually extending into the Philippines. Unfortunately for Korea it

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Speaker 1: was in the way of all this. It was in

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Speaker 1: the way of his plan. Japan's invasion didn't start right

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Speaker 1: away though at first Hedo she sent on voice to

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Speaker 1: suggest renewed relations between Japan and Korea. Things between the

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Speaker 1: two countries had been pretty strained in the past century

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Speaker 1: due to ceaseless Japanese pirate attacks against Korean port cities.

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Speaker 1: So they chose Sun dynasty, and Korea was really interested

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Speaker 1: in these opening talks. They were like, okay, if you

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Speaker 1: guys want to work it out, well, we'll hear what

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Speaker 1: you have to say. But the request for relations came

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Speaker 1: with a condition, and that condition was that the Koreans

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Speaker 1: should let the Japanese army pass through on their way

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Speaker 1: to China. But since Korea was a Chinese client state,

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Speaker 1: this was obviously an unacceptable arrangement. Yeah, they weren't going

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Speaker 1: to go lose their ally China, so no dice with

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Speaker 1: this Japanese plan. Still, though, Korea's king was a little

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Speaker 1: bit worried that there might be some kind of deception

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Speaker 1: going on, that Korea might be in danger itself, and

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Speaker 1: so he sent his own envoice to Japan to try

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Speaker 1: to figure out what Hideyoshi was really up to. And

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Speaker 1: those envoys came back with conflicting reports something nothing's going on,

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Speaker 1: others saying yeah, he's going to attack. But ultimately the

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Speaker 1: king decided to make no military preparations for a Japanese invasion.

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Speaker 1: That turned out to be a really bad move because

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Speaker 1: Hideyoshi was getting ready and on March Japanese troops made landfall,

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Speaker 1: which started the Engine War eventually known as the Seven

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Speaker 1: Year War, and the capital city, which is now of

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Speaker 1: course known to US as Soul fell only twenty days later.

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Speaker 1: So just a remarkably fast victory, it seemed for Japan.

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Speaker 1: And it wasn't just that the Korean troops were unprepared, though,

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Speaker 1: that they hadn't expected this Japanese attack, and that they

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Speaker 1: were outnumbered. The Japanese army's skill and firepower really better too,

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Speaker 1: That's true. The Japanese had well trained soldiers. Again, remember

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Speaker 1: all these civil wars that they had that we told

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Speaker 1: you about earlier, and they were led by experienced daimyos.

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Speaker 1: They had state of the art weapons too. They had

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Speaker 1: match luck firearms, while the Koreans had mostly bows and

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Speaker 1: arrows plus some cannons. But as quickly as the Korean

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Speaker 1: interior fell, the Japanese were in for a bit of

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Speaker 1: a surprise when it came to the navy. So enter

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Speaker 1: Admiral Yee, who had been born in against the wishes

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Speaker 1: of his illustrious but impoverished family, he had decided to

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Speaker 1: pursue a military career rather than a literary one. I've

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Speaker 1: never heard of a family encouraging someone to take an

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Speaker 1: English major, Young Ye exactly, So just a note here.

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Speaker 1: This was kind of ironic since he's written accounts and

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Speaker 1: two thousand, five thirty nine diary entries are some of

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Speaker 1: the best sources historians have of this period. That we

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Speaker 1: did go on to become a literary figure year, but

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Speaker 1: he pursued the military career more adamantly, and at age

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Speaker 1: twenty eight, he took the military service exam. This just

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Speaker 1: blows me away. He broke his leg during the test.

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Speaker 1: It had a horseback riding portion, and instead of calling

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Speaker 1: it quicks there, he amazed everyone by getting up on

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Speaker 1: the other leg and binding the break with a branch

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Speaker 1: and continuing the test. I guess he didn't pass, though,

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Speaker 1: because it wasn't until four years later that he passed

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Speaker 1: the service exam, And his career didn't exactly take off either.

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Speaker 1: He wasn't a brown noser, and he didn't exactly court favors,

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Speaker 1: and he was actually twice discharged because of false accusations

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Speaker 1: against him. Eventually, though, his hard work and his skill

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Speaker 1: got him a promotion and he was appointed the left

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Speaker 1: Navy Commander of the Chola Province in charge of protecting

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Speaker 1: Korea's southwest coast. And you'll see some variation in that.

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Speaker 1: Sometimes he's the Navy commander of the left Chola province. Um,

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Speaker 1: I'm not sure about that one. It seems more likely

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Speaker 1: that you'd have a left navy commander than a left province.

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Speaker 1: It sounds strange to refer to the left side of something,

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Speaker 1: but he can let us know about that though, if

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Speaker 1: you want to. He really got the chance to shine

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Speaker 1: in this position. It was pirates central in this area,

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Speaker 1: so he started to build up his navy. He established

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Speaker 1: a new administrative system, better weapons, better discipline, and most famously,

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Speaker 1: better ships. Though he's often credited with their creation, Korea

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Speaker 1: had turtle ships, those ships we mentioned earlier, or Kobukson

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Speaker 1: before Admiral Ye. It's hard to know exactly what they

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Speaker 1: were like, though there are reconstructions based on best guesses.

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Speaker 1: We really just have Admiral Ye in one of his

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Speaker 1: nephew's descriptions of them, but basically this is what they

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Speaker 1: were like. They were multi decked vessels with two or

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Speaker 1: three floors covered by a wooden roof curved like a

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Speaker 1: turtle's back, so their flat bottoms meant that they could

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Speaker 1: turn on a dime, and the ships could switch between sales,

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Speaker 1: which were usually lower during battle or oarsmen. Oarsmen were

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Speaker 1: on the lower level and fighters would be above. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: and he worked to fortify the existing turtle design, so

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Speaker 1: he armed them to the teeth with cannons and bombs

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Speaker 1: and portholes for flaming arrows to be shot out of.

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Speaker 1: He placed dragon heads on the prows of the ships,

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Speaker 1: and this is just awesome. A cannon ball could be

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Speaker 1: fired through the dragon's mouth or sulfur smoke to sort

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Speaker 1: of obscure the movements and just to look really scary.

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Speaker 1: A lot of this was kind of an intimidation game.

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Speaker 1: He reduced the number of oarsmen from twenty to sixteen,

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Speaker 1: and he also lined the wooden roof with iron spikes

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Speaker 1: so that when enemy soldiers tried to board the ship

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Speaker 1: they would get a spike through the foot. Because they'd

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Speaker 1: be covered during battle with with matts, you wouldn't know

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Speaker 1: that they were going to be all those spikes on board. Um,

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Speaker 1: no hot bombs onto the Turtle ships. And some also

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Speaker 1: suggest that he arm heard the ships with iron plates,

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Speaker 1: the iron plates on the side on the turtle shell,

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Speaker 1: and that would of course make them the first iron clouds.

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Speaker 1: But Hidie Holts, in an article for Naval History Rights,

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Speaker 1: that the contemporary evidence for this is pretty slim. Definitely

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Speaker 1: have the spikes, maybe not so much the iron plates.

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Speaker 1: Here's a description of this from Ye's own diary. He says,

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Speaker 1: I had a turtleship specially built with a dragon's head,

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Speaker 1: from whose mouth we could fire our cannons, and with

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Speaker 1: iron spikes on its back to pierce the enemy's feet

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Speaker 1: when they tried to board. Because it is in the

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Speaker 1: shape of a turtle, our men can look from inside,

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Speaker 1: but the enemy cannot look in from the outside. It

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Speaker 1: moves so swiftly that it can plunge into the midst

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Speaker 1: of even many hundreds of enemy vessels in any weather,

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Speaker 1: to attack them with cannonballs and flamethrowers. And that was

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Speaker 1: the truth. He really could just kind of sneak in

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Speaker 1: there with these ships. But the turtle ships, despite being powerful,

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Speaker 1: were especially effective in the hands of Ea. He knew

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Speaker 1: how to use them. And the first major naval engagement

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Speaker 1: took place May seventh through eight at oak Po, and

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Speaker 1: Admiral Ye used this technique where he sort of enveloped

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Speaker 1: the Japanese who were busy raiding the town and we're

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Speaker 1: a little late coming back to their boats. And that

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Speaker 1: technique he eventually developed into something called the stork swing

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Speaker 1: or crane formation, just kind of coming around like a

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Speaker 1: v to to get the enemy from both sides, and

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Speaker 1: he ended up destroying twenty six out of fifty Japanese

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Speaker 1: ships on the first day alone of fighting there. To

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Speaker 1: contrast with that, only one Korean sailor was wounded, supposedly

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Speaker 1: minorly wounded, so a huge success for the first naval engagement,

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Speaker 1: and those successes just continued. It was the first of

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Speaker 1: ten major naval victories that year. In the next five battles,

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Speaker 1: for example, the Japanese lost eighty three ships to Korea's

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Speaker 1: eleven sailors. The two battles after that, which took place

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Speaker 1: at hunts On Island, resulted in a Japanese loss of

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Speaker 1: one hundred and one ships to Korea's nineteen men. Then

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Speaker 1: next came the Battle of pussin Po, where Admiral Ye

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Speaker 1: and his fleet sank a hundred ships. So the tenth

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Speaker 1: victory earned him a promotion. Finally, after all of this,

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Speaker 1: he got promoted to Supreme Naval Commander of the three

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Speaker 1: Southern Provinces. So it's important here to understand something about

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Speaker 1: the Japanese navy, though it tells us why it fared

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Speaker 1: so poorly, but also about Admiral Ye's naval genius. We're

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Speaker 1: going to make some excuses here. Basically, the Japanese navy

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Speaker 1: was mustered on the command of the daimios, so they'd

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Speaker 1: get an order to raise a certain number of men

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Speaker 1: and provide a certain number of ships, and then carry

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Speaker 1: that order out, and you'd end up with a motley

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Speaker 1: crew of men and of ships, a bunch of different ships.

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Speaker 1: Not all of them would be war ready. For instance,

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Speaker 1: some of them were tiny and they had these little square,

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Speaker 1: hard to maneuver sales. Some required massive numbers of oarsmen,

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Speaker 1: so instead of having your guys fighting, you have all

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Speaker 1: these dudes below deck rowing. And then some were large,

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Speaker 1: but they weren't very well armed because they were built

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Speaker 1: of lighter wood than the Koreans used. And then finally,

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Speaker 1: some would just corrode because they had iron fittings and

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Speaker 1: the Koreans used wooden nails instead, which supposedly would expand

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Speaker 1: in the water to make the ship even tighter and

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Speaker 1: stronger instead of corroding. So yeah, definitely a problem here

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Speaker 1: with the ships, but also a problem with the men, because,

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Speaker 1: as we keep mentioning all that Civil War land combat

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Speaker 1: made really strong land fighters out and to hand. The Japanese, yeah,

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Speaker 1: and their preferred technique for naval battles was to board

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Speaker 1: an enemy ship and just start fighting just like you

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Speaker 1: were on land. So it was a really important move

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Speaker 1: that Admiral Ye avoided this. He would keep the Japanese

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Speaker 1: off of his ships and keep his men away from

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Speaker 1: that deadly hand to hand combat both with the Spikes

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Speaker 1: and the Turtle ships, but also that great canon power

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Speaker 1: just being able to stay far enough away from the

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Speaker 1: Japanese ships that they couldn't board the Korean ones. To

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Speaker 1: add to matters, the Japanese navy was controlled by several

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Speaker 1: senior officers who instead of really working together, they really

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Speaker 1: all each individually wanted glory rather than cooperation. So there

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Speaker 1: wasn't one commander over them. It was all master plan. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: it was several commanders fighting to just sort of be

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Speaker 1: the best one. Too many equals. So unfortunately for the Japanese, though,

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Speaker 1: their invasion really did require a certain amount of naval

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Speaker 1: success because the troops who had so easily taken over

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Speaker 1: and they were hoping to get those via boat. So

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Speaker 1: Admiral He and his navy put an end to both

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Speaker 1: of those, and you end up with all these Japanese

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Speaker 1: troops who are ice added without their their lines. So,

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Speaker 1: with those poor supply lines, a growing Korean guerilla movement

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Speaker 1: in the countryside, and the eventual involvement of the Chinese

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Speaker 1: Ming Army as a Korean ally, the Japanese were eventually

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Speaker 1: forced to a stalemate and they had to withdraw from

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Speaker 1: most of Korea in fifteen. But when peace talks started

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Speaker 1: between Japan and China excluding Korea, now Hiteo she thought

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Speaker 1: he had won. For some reason, he made outrageous demands

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Speaker 1: of China, but somehow, maybe because of court intrigue. Maybe

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Speaker 1: you know more about that, Sarah. It's believed to have

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Speaker 1: been court intrigue that just sort of threw his demands

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Speaker 1: out the window. They never made it to the Ming Emperor,

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Speaker 1: and instead the emperor ended up with a very different

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Speaker 1: peace proposal, and after a few years of delay, Chinese

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Speaker 1: emissaries returned to Japan with the Ming Emperor's reply to

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Speaker 1: this falsified treaty, and his reply was that Japan would

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Speaker 1: be recognized as a tributary state of China. So major

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Speaker 1: miscommunications here. Each side clearly thought that they had won.

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Speaker 1: Hideyoshi is furious and immediately it is back to war again.

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Speaker 1: Japan is invading Korea. The second invasion of Korea started

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Speaker 1: August seven, but this time around, the Japanese knew that

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Speaker 1: it would be best to get Admiral Ye out of

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Speaker 1: the way. So they had learned something from their experience

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Speaker 1: before and they were going to do something about it.

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Speaker 1: So a Japanese double agent planted information in the Korean

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Speaker 1: court about a Japanese attack. Admiral Lee was ordered to

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Speaker 1: a specific attack location based on this information that he

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Speaker 1: refused to go. So why did he refuse to go? Well,

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Speaker 1: for one thing, he was suspicious of foul play, so

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Speaker 1: he was pretty smart here, and he knew that the

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Speaker 1: area was filled with sunken rock, so he knew it

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Speaker 1: would be dangerous for his men. So King Sunjo wasn't

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Speaker 1: very happy about this, and he actually had Admiral Ye

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Speaker 1: tortured and then even ordered his execution as a trader

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Speaker 1: and a coward, only backing down at the suggestion of

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Speaker 1: his advisors. Pointed out that this man was a great

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Speaker 1: Korean hero and had helped them defeat or at least

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Speaker 1: get rid of the Japanese last around. So instead he

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Speaker 1: was still punished, but in a different way. He was

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Speaker 1: demoted to a common soldier and replaced by one Kion

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Speaker 1: who had a questionable naval record. So, sure enough, the

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Speaker 1: next Korean naval engagement was a total disaster. One Kon

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Speaker 1: took the entire Korean navy out to meet a Japanese

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Speaker 1: armada of five hundred to one thousand ships while a

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Speaker 1: storm was approaching and his's men were exhausted and tired too.

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Speaker 1: Twenty of their ships were sunk before the Koreans could

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Speaker 1: withdraw to a nearby island, which unfortunately was filled with

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Speaker 1: Japanese troops, so four hundred Koreans were killed. The Japanese

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Speaker 1: then attacked again and destroyed two hundred more ships, which

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Speaker 1: basically helped them secure lines in the southern part of

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Speaker 1: the country get those supply lines finally, So after this

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Speaker 1: total disaster, he got his old job back. It's lucky

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Speaker 1: for Korea that he was not actually executed. He was

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Speaker 1: able to come back to work and he started building

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Speaker 1: up the remaining battered ships, and after fighting off a

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Speaker 1: few attacks with this tiny fleet, he set up a

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Speaker 1: new home base on an island separated from the mainland

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Speaker 1: by the Raging Meong Nyong Strait, which is also known

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Speaker 1: as the Roaring Channel, and this was really the only

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Speaker 1: advantage he could rely on. He knew that this would

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Speaker 1: be an incredibly difficult channel or straight to cross, and

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Speaker 1: that he would have some defense there for his tiny,

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Speaker 1: tiny fleet that was left. So there in October, he

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Speaker 1: took on one hundred and thirty three Japanese ships with

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Speaker 1: his twelve remaining ships and lured them into that rapid

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Speaker 1: straight before attacking them with heavy cannon fire so the

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Speaker 1: Japanese couldn't retreat, they couldn't get out of the way,

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Speaker 1: and thirty one of their ships sank before the fleet

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Speaker 1: could finally escape from the straight retreat and it was

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Speaker 1: stunning victory for Admiral Yee and Korea, and it's considered

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Speaker 1: one of the most impressive naval victories ever, even though

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Speaker 1: once again it's probably not too well known outside of

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Speaker 1: Korea or outside of naval historian circles. So the defeat

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Speaker 1: was bad news for the Japanese too. It meant that

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Speaker 1: they couldn't resupply their army that was headed towards Seoul.

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Speaker 1: And it was also demoralizing. I mean, how embarrassed to

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Speaker 1: be beaten by this fleet of twelve ships um so devastatingly.

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Speaker 1: So by early FI reinforcements from Ming, China helped restore

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Speaker 1: the Korean Navy, and this was another point in Admiral

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Speaker 1: yeast favor. He worked really well with his main counterpart.

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Speaker 1: The Japanese land forces couldn't survive without their supply lines,

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Speaker 1: partly because they had wrecked the countryside so badly the

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Speaker 1: first go round, So they began a slow retreat, hoping

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Speaker 1: to hold onto at least some of their gains. But

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Speaker 1: when Hideo She died in September fIF and the Japanese

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Speaker 1: infighting began again, the withdrawal was sped up. So during

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Speaker 1: the Nord Young Sea Battle in December, which was the

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Speaker 1: last naval battle to evacuate Japanese troops, Admiral Lye was

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Speaker 1: killed by stray bullet, which I just think is so yeah, sad,

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Speaker 1: after he survived all those battles and almost secured the

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Speaker 1: war is over, and then he's killed. You know, he'd

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Speaker 1: probably get like a nice house or something for his trouble.

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Speaker 1: I don't know, some kind of a war, I hope,

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Speaker 1: so at least a break a vacation. So yeah, that's

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Speaker 1: that's too bad. But we have one more sort of

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Speaker 1: theoretical thing to discuss a little bit. We mentioned how

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Speaker 1: he holds this article for naval history earlier on, and

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Speaker 1: there's one more interesting point to race. She writes that

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Speaker 1: military historians like to debate which is more important in

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Speaker 1: determining the outcome of an armed conflict, technology or genius,

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Speaker 1: and the story of Admiral Ye really makes the case

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Speaker 1: for both, because there is technology the turtle ships, and

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Speaker 1: there's genius Admiral Ye, of course, but this case is

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Speaker 1: especially interesting because we have that failed one Keion interlude

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Speaker 1: where the replacement admiral has the same ships, he has

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Speaker 1: the same canons, he has the same men, but he

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Speaker 1: makes poor decisions and allowed the Japanese within range so

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Speaker 1: they could board and fight man to man like they

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Speaker 1: like to. He attacked in unfavorable conditions, whereas Ye, on

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Speaker 1: the other hand, won every single one of his naval battles,

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Speaker 1: even when he had a fleet of twelve ships and

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Speaker 1: there were no turtle ships included. So I kind of

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Speaker 1: like this speculation, and I guess that's what military historians

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Speaker 1: really like to do, to look for these case studies

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Speaker 1: to illustrate their arguments. But I mean, I think it

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Speaker 1: does make a good case for for both, but maybe

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Speaker 1: suggest that in in this case, at least you can

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Speaker 1: have technology, but unless you have genius too, it's not

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Speaker 1: going to do you much good. Yeah, Japan would have

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Speaker 1: conquered Korean possibly gone on from there to Nina and

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Speaker 1: the Philippines, where they would have been up against none

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Speaker 1: other than the naval power of Spain fresh off its

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Speaker 1: Armada defeat if it hadn't been for Ye. Well, and

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Speaker 1: that's kind of a that's kind of a history path

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Speaker 1: less traveled, I guess speculation, Yes, speculative disclaimer here exactly. So, um,

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Speaker 1: you know, let us know if if you have any

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Speaker 1: thoughts on that, what what that alternate history might have

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Speaker 1: been like. And I guess that's probably a good time

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Speaker 1: to go ahead and transition to listener mail. So our

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Speaker 1: first item for discussion is actually a listener mill present.

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Speaker 1: And I was amazed when I opened a box to

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Speaker 1: find a real beaver king inside. I mean, how how

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Speaker 1: can we describe them to Bluina. He is fuzzy and adorable.

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Speaker 1: He wears a cloak, like a plaid cloak like the crown.

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Speaker 1: Names Strang version of the Beaver King has a crown,

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Speaker 1: oh in. My favorite part is that he has a

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Speaker 1: acorn topped scepter, like a real acorn on top, and

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Speaker 1: he has a beaver teeth. He's really cute. So we

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Speaker 1: got that from Colleen and she wrote a little note

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Speaker 1: to include with his majesty. She said, this thank you

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Speaker 1: note is long overdo. However, it took quite some time

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Speaker 1: to wrangle the real King of Beaver Island and get

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Speaker 1: him into the box. Although my mom and I thoroughly

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Speaker 1: enjoyed your podcast and learning more about my grandfather's boyhood home,

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Speaker 1: the little guy in close with a bit miffed that

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Speaker 1: James Strang's claim to his throne was brought up again.

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Speaker 1: So I like that, and we'll try to not mention

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Speaker 1: James Strang around this new beat. And I'm just so glad.

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Speaker 1: That's what it was. When Sarah texted me because I

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Speaker 1: was out of the office and said we got a

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Speaker 1: real King of Beaver Island, and I was like, what

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Speaker 1: could she be talking about? So it's a delightful surprise

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Speaker 1: to come back too. I was here and on a

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Speaker 1: Friday afternoon, and not too many people were around, and

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Speaker 1: I just wanted to show it to somebody. I went

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Speaker 1: around like looking for for anyone who could appreciate it,

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Speaker 1: who could appreciate the real King of Beaver Island. So

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Speaker 1: thank you very much to Colleen and to your mother.

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Speaker 1: We will take good care of him, and we'll we'll

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Speaker 1: keep mentions of James Strang to a minimum. Our next

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Speaker 1: email comes from Jennifer and she wrote, I've been hooked

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Speaker 1: on your podcast for a few months now and listen

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Speaker 1: for hours on end while shooting in archaeological shovel test.

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Speaker 1: She also describes that as GPS thing quote, if that's

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Speaker 1: even a word. She goes on to say, my coworkers

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Speaker 1: always know where I am by keeping an ear open

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Speaker 1: for your podcast. I have my iPod on speaker to

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Speaker 1: alert bears to my presence. We have to address that

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Speaker 1: really quick. I'm kind of amazed that we are like

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Speaker 1: audio bear spray. Yeah, I mean, I'm I'm glad. I'm

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Speaker 1: glad that our voices are so loud and startling us

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Speaker 1: to keep the bears away. I think if we ever go,

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Speaker 1: I don't know, hiking in this area or something. The

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Speaker 1: bears will hear us. That would be like, oh my god,

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Speaker 1: it's one of them again. You know, they never stopped

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Speaker 1: talking um and then we get eaten, you know, like

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Speaker 1: they would take revenge on us or something. Well, hopefully

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Speaker 1: it's just to alert bears to to her presence and

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Speaker 1: they don't dislike us. The bears don't dislike us. But

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Speaker 1: Jennifer goes on to write on a controversial archaeological theme,

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Speaker 1: have you considered researching that Kensington runestone? It engenders endless

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Speaker 1: conversations and stories and potential bouts of fisticuffs and archaeological

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Speaker 1: and geological community. So thank you Jennifer for your archaeological

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Speaker 1: controversy suggestion, and um be aware of the bears. So

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Speaker 1: if you have any more fisticuffs inducing ideas for us,

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00:24:56,480 --> 00:24:59,840
Speaker 1: please email us our Addresses History podcast at how stuff

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00:24:59,880 --> 00:25:02,200
Speaker 1: we dot com or you can look us up on

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Speaker 1: Facebook or on Twitter at Myston History. And if you

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Speaker 1: want to learn a little bit more about chip wrecks,

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00:25:07,640 --> 00:25:10,200
Speaker 1: which is loosely related to what we talked about today,

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00:25:10,680 --> 00:25:13,480
Speaker 1: you can look up an article called how to Survive

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Speaker 1: a shipwreck on our homepage by visiting www dock how

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Speaker 1: stuff works dot com. Be sure to check out our

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