Speaker 1: Hi, everyone, I'm Emily Chang and this is Bloomberg Studio
Speaker 1: one point Out. The last time I spoke to Melinda Gates,
Speaker 1: she had just written a book called The Moment of
Speaker 1: Lift about how empowering women can change the world. Then
Speaker 1: the world changed on all of us. Since the onset
Speaker 1: of the COVID nineteen pandemic, the Bill and Melinda Gates
Speaker 1: Foundation has committed a staggering one point seven five billion
Speaker 1: dollars to vaccine development, distribution, treatments, and more. It's one
Speaker 1: of the largest sums from any philanthropic effort around the globe.
Speaker 1: But while mass vaccinations are rapidly under way, the pandemic
Speaker 1: is far from over Urgent. Concerns about unequal distribution and
Speaker 1: recovery remained, and the possibility that not just developing countries,
Speaker 1: but women worldwide will get left behind. Joining me on
Speaker 1: this edition of Bloomberg Studio one point oh to shine
Speaker 1: a light on the uneven road ahead, the co founder
Speaker 1: and co chair of the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation,
Speaker 1: Melinda Gates. Melinda, it's been a year since the pandemic
Speaker 1: completely changed our world. From your perspective, where are we
Speaker 1: right now in the fight against COVID. Well, I think
Speaker 1: we still have a ways to go. You know, we're
Speaker 1: seeing the light at the end of the tunnel here
Speaker 1: in the United States, but until all Americans are vaccinated,
Speaker 1: we still have a ways to go. Um, But you know,
Speaker 1: it's gonna be a while until the entire world is vaccinated.
Speaker 1: So this is going to still be with us the
Speaker 1: next few years. And I think we're gonna have to
Speaker 1: really watch these variants that will be bouncing around the world.
Speaker 1: That's actually still quite concerning. What is it about the
Speaker 1: variants that concern you? Well, because every time of we
Speaker 1: know virus is mutate, but when they mutate, you know,
Speaker 1: they can become sometimes more deadly or more contagious. And
Speaker 1: so any time you see these mutations, we need to
Speaker 1: be on top of them in terms of surveillance, and
Speaker 1: then we're gonna have to figure out do we need
Speaker 1: to tune various vaccines to take care of them. So
Speaker 1: your foundation has committed one point seven five billion dollars
Speaker 1: to the fight against COVID. I know your team is
Speaker 1: very diligent about looking at where and how that money
Speaker 1: is spent. In your view, where is the vaccine rollout working,
Speaker 1: and what's not working. Well, I think it's working in
Speaker 1: some of our high income countries. Were starting to finally
Speaker 1: see you know, much broader distribution, for instance in the
Speaker 1: United States and in some of the European countries. But
Speaker 1: it is not at all working yet for middle and
Speaker 1: low income countries. And you know, those are places where
Speaker 1: people are struggling. They have their luved ones who get ill.
Speaker 1: They can't get them to a hospital much less than
Speaker 1: I see you, and so they are really still struggling
Speaker 1: in many countries around the world. So there's obviously a
Speaker 1: moral case for vaccine equity, but what about the economic case.
Speaker 1: Why should somebody in New York or San Francisco care
Speaker 1: when somebody in Africa gets the vaccine. Well, absolutely, it's
Speaker 1: the right moral thing to do, but economically, we're not
Speaker 1: going to have a swift a recovery in the United
Speaker 1: States or in Europe if we don't make sure that
Speaker 1: everybody gets vaccinated. Because what will happen is this disease,
Speaker 1: you know, we know it crosses borders. We've seen it
Speaker 1: all over the world, and so as these variants break out,
Speaker 1: they will absolutely come back into the United States and
Speaker 1: Europe and Japan, and so our supply chains won't fully
Speaker 1: be up and running. We won't get our travel industry
Speaker 1: fully and leisure up and running, or business community up
Speaker 1: and running in terms of travel. So economically, if we're
Speaker 1: going to reopen the global economy, we've got to take
Speaker 1: care of this everywhere. So if vaccines aren't distributed equally,
Speaker 1: obviously there's economic consequences, there will also be more deaths.
Speaker 1: What are the consequences of that, Well, more deaths I
Speaker 1: mean is it's a tragedy for every family that experiences
Speaker 1: a loss. But it's also I think we have to
Speaker 1: remember it's wreaking havoc on the health care systems of
Speaker 1: these countries. And so what it means is a mom
Speaker 1: who is pregnant doesn't go in for her anti natal visits,
Speaker 1: she doesn't go in for delivery, so she has an
Speaker 1: unsafe delivery at home. It means we have forty nine
Speaker 1: million women that won't get contraceptives during this pandemic. That
Speaker 1: needs fifteen million unplanned pregnancies in one year. That's like
Speaker 1: adding up the cities of Chicago, New York, in l
Speaker 1: A and saying we're gonna have fifteen million unplanned pregnancies. Wow.
Speaker 1: Vaccine nationalism is stepping up as this continues. You've got
Speaker 1: nations competing for supplies. Do you see a better way? Well?
Speaker 1: I think you know, we started off as a world
Speaker 1: with a good way, which is to try and pool
Speaker 1: both the demand and match it to what would be
Speaker 1: the supply, and to have financing for that. You know,
Speaker 1: the US didn't come into that financing until the last
Speaker 1: stimulus bill that happened in December. Uh, they finally put
Speaker 1: money forward for gobby which helps with this facility called
Speaker 1: kovacs to purchase vaccines and get it organized. We just
Speaker 1: now are coming in with this latest stimulus bill for
Speaker 1: testing and treatment. Um. But you know that would have
Speaker 1: been the way to go, is to really match global
Speaker 1: demand and supply and first get it out to all
Speaker 1: the health care workers all over the world before you
Speaker 1: even begin then going to vulnerable populations. Meantime, there's continued
Speaker 1: disinformation about vaccines. How do you how do you and
Speaker 1: Bill see that kind of disinformation? Misinformation? Yeah, when you
Speaker 1: see it, I will say, it's incredibly disheartening because honestly
Speaker 1: it causes death. People not doing the right thing, not
Speaker 1: getting their mom or their elderly father vaccinated. You know,
Speaker 1: will lose more people. We are losing more people, so
Speaker 1: it's disheartening. UM. On the other hand, as more people
Speaker 1: are getting vaccinated, just take the United States, we're seeing
Speaker 1: more demand for vaccines, so we're finally seeing the countercyclical
Speaker 1: part of that argument. UM. But it's always disheartening to
Speaker 1: see something like that. Now, a huge part of your
Speaker 1: job before the pandemic was traveling around the world, meeting people,
Speaker 1: talking to them in person in far flung places that
Speaker 1: most of us don't get to go. How has your
Speaker 1: job changed during COVID now that you can't make those trips. Well,
Speaker 1: I think, like so many others who are lucky enough
Speaker 1: to be able to have access to a computer in
Speaker 1: a good, good internet right, I'm doing a lot of
Speaker 1: meetings online UM, and they are pretty continuous throughout the day.
Speaker 1: I am certainly meeting UM with still leaders around the world,
Speaker 1: even community organizers around the world. But I miss I
Speaker 1: miss the you know, deep connection and interaction with women
Speaker 1: in her home or a man who's working in his field,
Speaker 1: or the children. You know. I miss that, and so
Speaker 1: I look forward to when that will return, hopefully in
Speaker 1: the next year. This is my conversation with Melinda Gates,
Speaker 1: co chair of the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. Up next,
Speaker 1: we did deeper into how the pandemic has derailed progress
Speaker 1: for gender equality, dealing a major setback to women in
Speaker 1: the workforce. With a Biden administration taking steps to promote
Speaker 1: women's equity, what else should the White House do to
Speaker 1: really make a difference and is it time for a
Speaker 1: female president. I'm Emily Chang, this is Bloomberg Studio. At
Speaker 1: one point, Oh, in your annual letter, you and Bill
Speaker 1: said the recovery starts with women. What do you mean
Speaker 1: by that, Well, women have had the most devastation, women
Speaker 1: and people of color during this crisis. You know, we
Speaker 1: know women have left the labor force in droves. We
Speaker 1: know they're at home with this complete caregiving crisis, taking
Speaker 1: care of the young, taking care of the elderly. And
Speaker 1: so if we're going to have a full response and
Speaker 1: a swift response, we have to stop thinking, as a
Speaker 1: world of gender equality, is this nice thing to do
Speaker 1: when we get to it, or this side issue. No,
Speaker 1: it is the central issue. If we're going to get
Speaker 1: a full recovery and a swift recovery, we've got to
Speaker 1: address all of the issues that are facing women. We
Speaker 1: are in a crisis for women and people of color
Speaker 1: in this country. Now. The last time you and I spoke,
Speaker 1: it was about your book The Moment of Lift, How
Speaker 1: Empowering Women Changes the World, that came out two years
Speaker 1: ago on the Heels of Me Too. There was a
Speaker 1: lot of hope. Have you seen that play out or
Speaker 1: have you seen progress derailed? We've seen, you know, I
Speaker 1: would definitely say that was a moment of optimism for me.
Speaker 1: And I would say now I think women are in
Speaker 1: a moment of crisis. So we've seen a lot of
Speaker 1: work derailed. Um. You know, we've seen women who you know,
Speaker 1: women in the last thirty years were coming out of
Speaker 1: poverty as a globe and now we're seeing a huge
Speaker 1: setback in that arena. We're seeing set back in the
Speaker 1: labor force, the number women who stepped back from the
Speaker 1: labor force in the United States. Two thirds of the
Speaker 1: jobs lost in South Africa were women's jobs. So I
Speaker 1: think we're in a moment of crisis. Um. But then
Speaker 1: on the flip side, I see these female leaders, Prime
Speaker 1: Minister just into Art and Prime Minister Merkel how well
Speaker 1: their countries are doing. Or I see these self bal
Speaker 1: groups in in India that immediately mobilized and got messages
Speaker 1: about COVID out to millions of people in northern India.
Speaker 1: So I see the hope on the other side, but
Speaker 1: there's a lot of work to do. I was planning
Speaker 1: to ask you about New Zealand's just into art and
Speaker 1: Germany's angle and Merkel. Do you think it's a coincidence
Speaker 1: that both of these leaders who seem to have handled
Speaker 1: the pandemic better than any other leader around the world,
Speaker 1: do you think it's a coincidence that they're both women?
Speaker 1: Not at all. You know, I spoke with both of
Speaker 1: them pretty early in the crisis, but where New zealand
Speaker 1: And had just taking care of COVID in their country
Speaker 1: the first time, and um and Prime Minister Merkel had
Speaker 1: it under control in Germany. And I was also speaking
Speaker 1: to male leaders at the same time. But what I
Speaker 1: what I noticed when I talked to these two women
Speaker 1: a month apart, is that Prime Minister just Into Arden
Speaker 1: was thinking about all the island nations around her and
Speaker 1: that they were struggling, and so yes, they had it
Speaker 1: under control in New Zealand, but she was thinking about
Speaker 1: the whole ecosystem around them and everybody else. Prime Minister Merkel.
Speaker 1: When I talked with her about, Wow, you all are
Speaker 1: doing an amazing job, she wanted to talk about the
Speaker 1: marginalized communities in Germany they weren't yet reaching, and she
Speaker 1: wanted to talk about how they were taking patients in
Speaker 1: from other countries into their emergency room. And I see you.
Speaker 1: So they're thinking about everybody else. And I see that
Speaker 1: sometimes in enlightened male leaders, but I think for the
Speaker 1: women it just comes really naturally. So how did that
Speaker 1: compare with your early conversations with the Trump administer ration
Speaker 1: as you were working with the US government to deploy
Speaker 1: your own resources. Well, I think you know, there were
Speaker 1: certain people who are still in place who are absolutely incredible.
Speaker 1: Tony Fauci from the get go, just an amazing leader,
Speaker 1: Francis Collins at the NIH. But you know, to talk
Speaker 1: to an administration who doesn't believe in science and basically
Speaker 1: wants to put their blinders on in terms of what
Speaker 1: the response needs to be in the United States, it
Speaker 1: was incredibly frustrating. And I am very happy to see
Speaker 1: a new administration who's not only taking this seriously but
Speaker 1: taking very bold and concrete actions. That's what we should
Speaker 1: expect as Americans. So, how have your conversations with a
Speaker 1: Biden administration been so far? Now a few months into it,
Speaker 1: you know, what are you happy about in terms of
Speaker 1: what you're seeing, what needs work? I'm seeing the ad
Speaker 1: Biden administration absolutely listen to the science, believe, listen to
Speaker 1: the scientists, believe in the data. You're seeing them re
Speaker 1: empower CDC. CDC just came out with great guidelines for
Speaker 1: people who have been vaccinated. So they've taken these institutions
Speaker 1: that were strong and robust and they're empowering them again.
Speaker 1: I was incredibly pleased to see the latest stimulus package
Speaker 1: pushed through and funded so swiftly for Americans. That's exactly
Speaker 1: the kind of action we need as Americans. The Biden
Speaker 1: administration just signed an executive order on gender equity on
Speaker 1: International Women's Day. What are some other concrete, tangible things
Speaker 1: you would like to see from the White House that
Speaker 1: would really make a difference for women in this country. Well,
Speaker 1: I'd love to see an innovation fund. You know, in
Speaker 1: previous administrations there have been these innovation funds that make
Speaker 1: sure we get new innovations for instancing climate change or
Speaker 1: in other sectors. I would love to see an innovation
Speaker 1: fund focused on childcare. We have a caregiving crisis, not
Speaker 1: just care elderly care too. We have a caregiving crisis.
Speaker 1: And yet there are great ideas out there, solutions for
Speaker 1: how you match markets, you match caregivers affordable, good, high
Speaker 1: quality caregivers with parents, or you match grandparents with college
Speaker 1: kids so they can get their prescriptions. Those kinds of
Speaker 1: ideas need to be funded and come forward so that
Speaker 1: we can come up with new innovations in society. When
Speaker 1: it comes to women and how much they've back slid
Speaker 1: in the pandemic, do you think we could see a
Speaker 1: lost generation of women as a result of the trauma
Speaker 1: that we they have experienced in the last year. I
Speaker 1: think we could, but I don't think it's a necessary
Speaker 1: or a necessity. And I think, you know, one of
Speaker 1: the things that bind administration is talking about is paid
Speaker 1: family medical leave. We're the only industrialized country in the
Speaker 1: world that doesn't have it, and it's far from time
Speaker 1: we had it. And so I think we can take
Speaker 1: this crisis that's happened to women. Women are in crisis
Speaker 1: at home, they are caring a lot, but we can
Speaker 1: use it to say, we're not just going to propel
Speaker 1: these women and help them back in the workforce. We're
Speaker 1: going to change the structure of the workforce for the
Speaker 1: next thirty years so we make it possible for moms
Speaker 1: and dads or like minded partners to work. We're gonna
Speaker 1: look at this as a forward looking workforce, not in
Speaker 1: nineteen fifties workforce where our dads went to work and
Speaker 1: our moms stayed home. Well, and speaking of how the
Speaker 1: workforce will change going forward, I believe we're going to
Speaker 1: be in a more hybrid environment in the future, more
Speaker 1: flexible work, more people working from home. And I wonder
Speaker 1: if we're going to continue to see women in this
Speaker 1: difficult situation, like, how do you see the new normal
Speaker 1: for women being different than the new normal for men?
Speaker 1: And what should we be concerned about and preparing for.
Speaker 1: I think we need to make sure that women aren't
Speaker 1: expect did to now continue to care for the children
Speaker 1: and the elderly and keep their job going. It's it's
Speaker 1: they're in a crisis that can't continue. The toll on
Speaker 1: women is enormous, So I think we need to say,
Speaker 1: how are we going to make sure we support women?
Speaker 1: How do we bring them back into the workforce, how
Speaker 1: do we reskill them if they want to change jobs,
Speaker 1: How do we make sure they have access to good childcare,
Speaker 1: potentially even good universal preschool. And then how do we
Speaker 1: make sure as well that we're supporting them that if
Speaker 1: they have a sick family member, there's not just maternity
Speaker 1: leave or sick maternity days, but there's paid family medical leaves.
Speaker 1: So even the dad leaves the office to take the
Speaker 1: child to the pediatrician when the child gets sick, or
Speaker 1: takes care of the elderly grandparents. You're listening to my
Speaker 1: conversation with the co chair of the Bill and Melinda
Speaker 1: Gates Foundation, Melinda Gates coming up? What about the children?
Speaker 1: And will this be the year of lost learning? How
Speaker 1: has the global pandemic? Why didn't the digital divide and
Speaker 1: is there actually enough money coming in from the philanthropic
Speaker 1: world to fight the pandemic on its own? Gates says
Speaker 1: governments need to up the ammy. I'm Emily Chang. This
Speaker 1: is Bloomberg Studio. At one point, Oh stay with us.
Speaker 1: When you wrote your book, you you shared that you
Speaker 1: quit your own job at Microsoft because you were you
Speaker 1: assumed that you should stay home and take care of
Speaker 1: the kids. And then at a certain point you decided
Speaker 1: you wanted to go back to work. What were your
Speaker 1: motivations there? And you know, how would you encourage other
Speaker 1: women to summon their motivations. I would say, you know,
Speaker 1: you have to look at what you're doing and what
Speaker 1: your expectations are. And I think for me it was
Speaker 1: always what I it hit these frustration points of my gosh,
Speaker 1: why am I doing all of this? And my husband
Speaker 1: is not, you know, And and so I think we
Speaker 1: all have to look at our homes and say who's
Speaker 1: doing what and how do we redistribute that workload? And
Speaker 1: we have to have those honest conversations with one another.
Speaker 1: One of the stories I tell in my book when
Speaker 1: I did want to go back to work was, you know,
Speaker 1: Bill and I knew where we wanted to put our
Speaker 1: children in school, but it was well far away from
Speaker 1: our house, and I thought, hey, we could wait maybe
Speaker 1: till fourth or fifth grade. And he was adamant. He
Speaker 1: wanted them to start at preschool. And I just said, look,
Speaker 1: I can't be on the road driving all the time.
Speaker 1: I'm I see my road ahead and my life ahead
Speaker 1: of the minivan. And so he finally offered to drive
Speaker 1: the kids to school, and it not only changed a
Speaker 1: norm and our family and he got that time with
Speaker 1: the kids, but when he went into the classroom, other
Speaker 1: debt moms expected their husbands then to drive because they said,
Speaker 1: if the CEO Microsoft is driving his kids to school,
Speaker 1: so can you. And it's those conversations at home, when
Speaker 1: we see what's right there and we have awareness, we
Speaker 1: have the difficult conversation that we remodel norms inadvertently. Actually
Speaker 1: in society, I'm curious about female leadership and if you
Speaker 1: think female leadership could suffer as a result of the pandemic,
Speaker 1: we need more women leaders to help continue to pave
Speaker 1: the way. But if they're running companies and households, does
Speaker 1: that mean we won't see as many women advance into
Speaker 1: leadership roles as we might have seen how the pandemic
Speaker 1: not happen potentially, And that's why we need to make
Speaker 1: sure we support them. I mean, there are fewer female
Speaker 1: CEOs of Fortune five hundred companies today than when we
Speaker 1: started into this pandemic. And you know, you can look
Speaker 1: at those on a case by case basis, but you
Speaker 1: also just have to look at what's coming up behind women.
Speaker 1: You know what's coming up behind that CEO? How many
Speaker 1: women and people of color are at all levels of leadership.
Speaker 1: That's where I worry the most. And so without good supports,
Speaker 1: without flexible work hours, without paid family medical leave, without
Speaker 1: a network of support around them, yes, you will see
Speaker 1: women drop out of these middle manager positions just as
Speaker 1: they're climbing the ladder. And so when we go to
Speaker 1: them promote somebody into the C suite, there just aren't
Speaker 1: as many women. The harassment in the workforce, women change
Speaker 1: their job. Women say they've been harassed in the workforce,
Speaker 1: and when they are, they leave their job within a
Speaker 1: two year rate. So they switch careers and they're not
Speaker 1: climbing the same ladder. That's a barrier we've got to
Speaker 1: look at. Now, we do have our first woman Vice
Speaker 1: president who is also a woman of color, and I
Speaker 1: don't know if it's a sign that that norms are
Speaker 1: changing changing, But my sons don't understand why there has
Speaker 1: never been a woman president. To them, it seems obvious,
Speaker 1: and I wonder, do you think it's time for a
Speaker 1: woman to lead this country? Absolutely, it's time, and you know,
Speaker 1: and so there are many qualified women, but it's not
Speaker 1: very easy to climb the ladder in politics. So that's
Speaker 1: another place we need to support women at the local level,
Speaker 1: state level, federal level. You know, we keep ticking up
Speaker 1: slightly in Congress in terms of the number of women
Speaker 1: in Congress, but guess what, we're still sixty years away
Speaker 1: from equality in Congress. And I don't think it's surprising
Speaker 1: that Kamala Harris came from the Senate. Those are great
Speaker 1: places to learn how to have the ultimate leadership role.
Speaker 1: But let's make sure women come up in politics so
Speaker 1: they're ready, and so there's a plethora of women we
Speaker 1: can choose from for the President of the United States.
Speaker 1: What about children? After a year for many kids at home,
Speaker 1: some of them don't even have access to a computer.
Speaker 1: How concerned are you about the digital divide and a
Speaker 1: lost years for our children, boys and girls. I'm quite concerned. So,
Speaker 1: first of all, there are hundreds of millions of girls
Speaker 1: around the world who are out of the education system,
Speaker 1: and many of them won't actually go back. And here
Speaker 1: in the United States, I'm most worried about the low
Speaker 1: income children. As you say, they don't often have access
Speaker 1: to broadband or to internet or a teacher who's got
Speaker 1: a great curriculum to all of a sudden have to
Speaker 1: switch and teach online. You know, that was a hard
Speaker 1: switch for teachers, but it's also a really hard switch
Speaker 1: for students, and so teachers have to be retrained and
Speaker 1: reskilled in the moment. So, yes, they've lost a year
Speaker 1: of schooling, but the learning losses could be even more
Speaker 1: substantial for low income kids, and I'm quite concerned about that.
Speaker 1: For those who have had access to technology, Uh, we've
Speaker 1: had devices introduced to our children much sooner than we
Speaker 1: ever wanted to and for some parents that is terrifying.
Speaker 1: Are you concerned about screen time and the longer term
Speaker 1: impact on a generation of kids. Yes, I think we
Speaker 1: don't know what those impacts are. There is research that
Speaker 1: some of which has come out, some of which is ongoing.
Speaker 1: There are some positives, which is they can connect with friends,
Speaker 1: they're connecting online, they're finding meaningful opportunities sometimes online. But yes,
Speaker 1: I think we don't know what it means for a
Speaker 1: generation of kids to be behind that screen so often.
Speaker 1: And so I tell parents, you know, just be sensible,
Speaker 1: make sure it gets out of their hands. We know
Speaker 1: it's not great for a parent to be on and
Speaker 1: spend forty extra minutes sucked into social media at night?
Speaker 1: How can that be good for a kid. So, you know,
Speaker 1: all those things that you know, we know are just
Speaker 1: good parenting. Get the phone out of the room at night.
Speaker 1: You know, take the hard steps. It's just going to
Speaker 1: benefit your child. Do you think that school should reopen?
Speaker 1: I mean, if adults are going to be vaccinated by
Speaker 1: by May, maybe end of summer, it could be another
Speaker 1: year before our children are vaccinated. Should schools reopen in
Speaker 1: the fall? Regardless, I think schools will have to look
Speaker 1: in district by district what are the rates of COVID
Speaker 1: in their area based on people who have been vaccinated.
Speaker 1: We don't know where we will be in the fall
Speaker 1: with variants. So you know, looking at the data today
Speaker 1: that we have, it sure looks like we can start
Speaker 1: to reopen more school But again, this thing has been
Speaker 1: very cyclical, So what it will look like in the fall,
Speaker 1: I'm not sure. You know. Ask me on September one
Speaker 1: what I think about which districts maybe should or shouldn't
Speaker 1: be open. I sure hope they can be open again. Now.
Speaker 1: In closing, Melinda, your foundation has now donated several billions
Speaker 1: of dollars to health, to science, to climate, to education.
Speaker 1: And I wonder if you think we're going to see
Speaker 1: the most meaningful change in the world coming from philanthropy,
Speaker 1: coming from wealthy people like yourself who can make certain
Speaker 1: things a priority rather than governments in the future. Is
Speaker 1: that how the world is going to change? No, I
Speaker 1: don't think so. I think what we should expect is
Speaker 1: that philanthropy can also often take risks. They can try
Speaker 1: innovations that sometimes work and sometimes fail. They can look
Speaker 1: for new solutions. They can help us collect the data,
Speaker 1: but ultimately it's always up to government to scale up
Speaker 1: these um innovations to create this change. The vaccine for
Speaker 1: COVID is a perfect example. Those are pharmaceutical companies working
Speaker 1: with philanthropists and investors, but working with the government. Ultimately,
Speaker 1: it's billions of dollars from the government that will pull
Speaker 1: that vacccene through and purchase it for Americans and people
Speaker 1: in low income countries. So it's always up to government,
Speaker 1: but I think philanthropy or private sector and civil society
Speaker 1: can always help lead the way. All right, Melinda Gates,
Speaker 1: will continue to follow your work, and we're grateful for
Speaker 1: the work that you are doing. Thank you so much
Speaker 1: for joining us today here at Bloomberg. It's wonderful to
Speaker 1: have you. Bloomberg Studio at one Point. I was produced
Speaker 1: and edited by Kevin Hines. Our executive producer is Alison Weiss.
Speaker 1: Our managing editor is Daniel Culbertson, with production assistants from
Speaker 1: Lauren Ellis and Mallory Abelhausen. I'm Emily Chang, your host
Speaker 1: and executive producer. This is Bloomberg and E