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Speaker 1: Welcome to stuff you missed in history class from how

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Speaker 1: Stuff Works dot com. Hello, and welcome to podcast. I'm editor.

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Speaker 1: Came to Gibson Joint by staff writer Josh Clark. Call

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Speaker 1: me God, give you a throwback to our Lady could

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Speaker 1: dive a podcast. You know, it's almost as quaint as

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Speaker 1: a cute little eleventh century Anglo Saxon village. What colonial villages?

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Speaker 1: Just I like thinking of all the buckles on the

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Speaker 1: little thatched roofs and the tea and you know, like

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Speaker 1: the high spirits of networking. Yeah, or you know, the

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Speaker 1: whole puritanical outlook, the encouraging citizens to spy on all

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Speaker 1: their neighbors and tattle and all that kind of thing,

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Speaker 1: The hangings at the stake, that kind of thing. Valid point. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: I kind of view colonial life is fairly grim. But

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Speaker 1: I'm pretty glad they stuck it out because I'm pretty

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Speaker 1: happy today. And that's funny, because colonial life, You're right,

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Speaker 1: it was really grim, and it took a really strong

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Speaker 1: person to volunteer to come over on a boat to

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Speaker 1: a land that they hadn't seen before and stick out

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Speaker 1: of life. Here it's about survival and about finding an

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Speaker 1: appropriate power hierarchy and creating new life and new traditions.

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Speaker 1: And so you look at a place like clonial Williamsburg,

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Speaker 1: for instance, which is pretty I agree. Have you been.

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Speaker 1: I have. They've got that super cool like a museum tour,

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Speaker 1: and every once in a while there's like a wax

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Speaker 1: figure in there. Especially the Insane Asylum is particularly disturbing.

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Speaker 1: We haven't been there. They show, um they have like

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Speaker 1: a wax figure and I think a straight jacket with

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Speaker 1: a metal cage over his head, and it really kind

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Speaker 1: of drives home, you know, it was a good thing

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Speaker 1: not to be insane in colonial America. And Okay, so

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Speaker 1: that aside, Clonia Williamsburg is a pretty quaint place, but

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Speaker 1: it's sort of ever shadowed by the mystery of I

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Speaker 1: guess colonial Roanoke. Yeah, well, Williamsburg is, you know, very

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Speaker 1: recent compared to Roanoke, which is the first first settled

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Speaker 1: in five um. There there was a group of like

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Speaker 1: a hundred people, a hundred men actually, I should say,

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Speaker 1: mainly military guys. There was a scientist who came along

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Speaker 1: and an artist named John White, who later became governor

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Speaker 1: of the next rowan Note colony. And uh, it didn't stick.

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Speaker 1: It didn't work out all that while they lasted ten

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Speaker 1: months I think, and people had come before even this group.

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Speaker 1: There was an expedition and they scouted the area, you know,

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Speaker 1: did some surveillance, found where the best place to be

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Speaker 1: for the settlement, things like this, normal things to do. Um.

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Speaker 1: And after the reconnaissance mission came these settlers and they

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Speaker 1: couldn't get along with the Native Americans. And well, let

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Speaker 1: me interject here, it wasn't really the natives fault. No, no, no.

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Speaker 1: There was a policy of kidnapping and time they wanted information, food, anything, right,

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Speaker 1: they would hold the tribal leaders for ransom and then

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Speaker 1: you know, let them go or what maybe not. Um.

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Speaker 1: There was another incident right after that colony was established.

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Speaker 1: Um they found a silver cup was missing, so they

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Speaker 1: burned down an Indian village. And the worst part is

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Speaker 1: is especially with the Powhattan's Um. They were pretty friendly

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Speaker 1: with the English settlers from the moment they arrived. And UM,

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Speaker 1: the the first way of settlers, the first hundred men

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Speaker 1: that came really did a lot to chip away at

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Speaker 1: those you know, warm feelings pretty quick they did. And

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Speaker 1: you know it's ironic because they were depending on as

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Speaker 1: they called them the savages for food and resources, and

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Speaker 1: no thanks were given, essentially like you've explained. And finally

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Speaker 1: they were under such a heavy threat of attack from

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Speaker 1: the Native Americans that the men had to pick up

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Speaker 1: and leave and they didn't have any more supplies, and

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Speaker 1: so they cut it out of Rowan Oak. And ironically,

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Speaker 1: I think about two weeks later the next group came. Well,

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Speaker 1: the the the people from this group, the hundred men

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Speaker 1: that had left for England to go get supplies. They

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Speaker 1: arrived about two weeks after Sir Walter Rawley showed up

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Speaker 1: and took the hundred men back to England. Um. So

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Speaker 1: this the supply ship comes two weeks later, finds no

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Speaker 1: one there, and you know, they don't want to give

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Speaker 1: up their steak in the New World. So they the

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Speaker 1: the guy Glenville, I believe in Grenville. Sorry. Um, he

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Speaker 1: leaves fifteen soldiers behind the kind of man the settlement

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Speaker 1: until more colonists can be you know, rounded up and

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Speaker 1: brought back to the New World. And while that may

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Speaker 1: have been a wise decision when it comes to holding

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Speaker 1: onto your land, it was a very poor decision in

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Speaker 1: terms of relations with the Native Americans, because here were

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Speaker 1: really fired up group of people who are mad at

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Speaker 1: all things European. And these new men come and maybe

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Speaker 1: they have some idea of the precedent that their fellow

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Speaker 1: Europeans is set, but maybe not. I would think not.

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Speaker 1: And so even if they tried to establish relations with

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Speaker 1: the locals, it was all shot to poo because they

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Speaker 1: were essentially killed off really fast. Yeah, we don't know

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Speaker 1: exactly when they were killed off, but when the second

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Speaker 1: wave of colonists arrived in seven about twelve months later, um,

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Speaker 1: there was nothing but one set of bones of one

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Speaker 1: of the soldiers, So you know clearly that he had

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Speaker 1: been killed, you know, long enough agost so that all

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Speaker 1: that was left was bones. There was no rotting flesh

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Speaker 1: or anything like that. And I think that there was

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Speaker 1: like a skeleton of some sort of house or hut

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Speaker 1: or something nearby. It was all pretty. It was trash. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: it was trash. And in this new group of settlers

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Speaker 1: it was men, women and children. Yeah, this is this

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Speaker 1: is a settlement that that much resembled later colonies. There

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Speaker 1: were there was ways to reproduce and have new kids,

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Speaker 1: and it was clearly a colony that was intended to plant.

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Speaker 1: And actually the male colon of this colony were called planters. Um,

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Speaker 1: so they wanted to kind of plant this English seed

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Speaker 1: in the New World and let it grow right. Um.

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Speaker 1: And actually the first English baby was born in the

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Speaker 1: New World, Virginia Dare, right, Virginia Dare. And she was

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Speaker 1: actually the granddaughter of John White, who was the artist

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Speaker 1: who had been on that five expedition, and he was

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Speaker 1: back and as the governor's right, he's the governor now.

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Speaker 1: And they set up a nice little village for themselves.

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Speaker 1: I think they have two story little houses with thatch roofs,

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Speaker 1: and things seemed to be going pretty well. But again

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Speaker 1: no surprise here, tensions exist between the end of Americans

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Speaker 1: and these people, and not between all the Native American tribes.

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Speaker 1: Some are actually a little bit friendly. Well, yeah, they

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Speaker 1: the Powhattan's they managed to get back in their good

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Speaker 1: graces again, But there are plenty of other tribes that

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Speaker 1: had been hostile from the start or had grown hostile

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Speaker 1: from the five expedition that either kept their distance. Um.

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Speaker 1: I don't think that there were any attacks on the

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Speaker 1: second Rowe colony that we know of that were documented,

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Speaker 1: but at the very least they weren't helping these people out.

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Speaker 1: So basically they had the Powhattan's to rely on um

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Speaker 1: and supplies from England, which is I think thirty miles

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Speaker 1: away from the outer banks of North Carolina, which is

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Speaker 1: where roan no kids. They're in a precarious position. They were,

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Speaker 1: and White actually had to leave too after And here

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Speaker 1: is where things get hystericus. Here's here's the factor fiction

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Speaker 1: part um. You know, most people think Roanoe Gloss colony. Um.

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Speaker 1: They assumed that the Indians, there was an Indian attack

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Speaker 1: and the colonists the colony was wiped out. So let's

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Speaker 1: make that the factor of fiction. You want to tell

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Speaker 1: them is that factor of fiction? We don't really know.

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Speaker 1: I'm gonna go with faction my default answer. And when

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Speaker 1: White came back, everyone was gone, just gone gone. And

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Speaker 1: it wasn't you know, bones here and there like the

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Speaker 1: fifteen soldiers from before. It wasn't dilapidated huts like they

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Speaker 1: wrote that. He wrote later that they've been taken down.

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Speaker 1: They didn't indicate that they've been destroyed or burned or

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Speaker 1: anything like that, just that they weren't there any longer exactly.

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Speaker 1: And he looked for a Maltese cross, which is essentially

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Speaker 1: a symbol that they agreed to use to indicate distress.

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Speaker 1: None And there was one clue. There were two, well

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Speaker 1: one and a half really right, yeah, yeah, the word

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Speaker 1: crow Town right was carved into this um impromptu fort. Basically,

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Speaker 1: the colonists had built a wall around where the settlement

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Speaker 1: had been um and on one of the post post

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Speaker 1: of of this um this fort was carved the word

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Speaker 1: crow Tone. Towen was an island nearby where friendly Powhattan's lived. Right,

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Speaker 1: And because there was no one I'm sorry, because there

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Speaker 1: was no Maltese cross carved in, Governor White assumed that

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Speaker 1: the colonists had up and moved to crow Toe for protection,

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Speaker 1: food resources, something like that. The other half of that

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Speaker 1: clue was that on another post or a tree was

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Speaker 1: the word crow like someone had started or something like

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Speaker 1: that and they went back and did it, you know,

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Speaker 1: the full thing. That's the only clue that's it, And

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Speaker 1: you know it kind of makes you want to beat

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Speaker 1: your head against the wall because no one bothered really

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Speaker 1: investigating the disappearance. And I think that England launched a

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Speaker 1: few fleets ships to get over, but people sort of

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Speaker 1: used it to their own glory and overtook these missions

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Speaker 1: as mercenary trips, you really to go and exploit different

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Speaker 1: parts of the land instead of investigating what happened and

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Speaker 1: rowing out you have to wonder what John White didn't

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Speaker 1: do it. I mean, you think about it. His his

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Speaker 1: daughter's son in law and granddaughter were among the missing.

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Speaker 1: And he here he is on Roanoke Island and Crow

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Speaker 1: tow in is a hop, skip and a jump away.

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Speaker 1: The problem is when he went to go get supplies, um,

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Speaker 1: there was an attack on England by the Spanish armada.

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Speaker 1: So he was delayed basically three years before he could

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Speaker 1: get back to Roanoke. And by the time he could

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Speaker 1: get back, the only way to get there, he didn't

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Speaker 1: even have supplies. Um. He was basically a guest on

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Speaker 1: this passenger ship, so we had no saying when, what

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Speaker 1: the ship did or where it went. So the I

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Speaker 1: believe the the ship's captain decided that they were going

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Speaker 1: to go up for a little piracy, and before they

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Speaker 1: could the I think the season changed and they headed

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Speaker 1: back for England. So he was so close to Crow,

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Speaker 1: a tone and possibly the answer to what happened to

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Speaker 1: this colony and he had to leave. How frustrating and

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Speaker 1: if you read firsthand accounts of what he observed. He

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Speaker 1: wrote that they moved inland. I think you already mentioned

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Speaker 1: into the main and I have to wonder was that

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Speaker 1: a way of consoling himself. Maybe he thought it was

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Speaker 1: just as mysterious and upsetting, and perhaps he convinced himself

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Speaker 1: that that's what happened. He couldn't prove any further. He

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Speaker 1: didn't have the resources her time, and so that's just

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Speaker 1: how it was. They just moved inland, and that would

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Speaker 1: have been a reassuring answer. It would have been. But

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Speaker 1: but don't you find it curious that he specified a

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Speaker 1: distance fifty miles into the main and also into the

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Speaker 1: main has come into contention. The thing I buy into

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Speaker 1: is fifty miles inland into the main land. Other people

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Speaker 1: have said that White meant fifty miles north. I don't

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Speaker 1: know how you get into the main or north from

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Speaker 1: into the main, but that would place the settlers in

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Speaker 1: about the Chess Peak area, which was where they were

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Speaker 1: originally supposed to be going. They were just stopping at

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Speaker 1: Roanoke to make contact with those fifteen soldiers found him dead,

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Speaker 1: and apparently the pilot of the ship who was going

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Speaker 1: to take them to the Chesspeake Colony refused to take

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Speaker 1: him any further, so they were stuck in Roanoke. So

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Speaker 1: there's like mystery upon mystery shrouding this thing. There's an

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Speaker 1: anthropologist named Lee Miller and uh, I think she's out

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Speaker 1: of Vanderbilt University. Maybe I can't remember, Sorry, Ms Miller,

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Speaker 1: but she she suspects that the whole thing was sabotaged

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Speaker 1: by people who are out to undermine um Sir Walter Rawleigh,

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Speaker 1: who had an exclusive patent on the New World, and

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Speaker 1: that that pilot refusing him to take it, take take

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Speaker 1: the colonists any further was part of this this plot

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Speaker 1: to thwart the colonists success. So it may have been

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Speaker 1: a conspiracy, or at least some people would think. And

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Speaker 1: it wasn't until sixteen o seven when the Jamestown Colony

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Speaker 1: came into play. There was time and there were resources

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Speaker 1: to dedicate to the disappearance of the roan Colonists. And

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Speaker 1: what's funny is that when people got to Roanoke, they

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Speaker 1: couldn't even agree really where the settlement would have done.

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Speaker 1: You know, which part of the island was it, Where

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Speaker 1: the cannons were was it? You know, further inland now.

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Speaker 1: The cannons were located in the sound, in a little

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Speaker 1: inlet basically um and that that's where the cannons where,

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Speaker 1: that's where boats should have been. John White found no

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Speaker 1: evidence of any of these um and the original settlement

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Speaker 1: had a fort, Fort Rawleigh, and that's where people have

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Speaker 1: been digging pretty much since. I think the nineteen forties

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Speaker 1: is when serious scientific digs began to be undertaken Um

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Speaker 1: and they found no evidence of the second settlement. So

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Speaker 1: not only were the colonists lost, the colony itself is

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Speaker 1: literally lost. We have no idea where it is, where

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Speaker 1: it went. And because Roonogo is an island, people do

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Speaker 1: suspect that erosion may have washed some evidence away and

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Speaker 1: parts of Rono could be underwater now. And the mystery

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Speaker 1: thickened even more because supposedly there was a man who,

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Speaker 1: either inadvertently or you know, just labin and around somehow

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Speaker 1: told the Spanish where Roanoke was and that he was

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Speaker 1: on route there and this is what England was doing

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Speaker 1: with the land, and the English in the Spanish were

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Speaker 1: none too friendly. So people think that the Spaniards may

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Speaker 1: have come in and caused some mischief, or that there

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Speaker 1: was a shift in power among other Native American tribes.

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Speaker 1: And even if the Rono colonists were friendly with one

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Speaker 1: of the tribes, they would have been their match against

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Speaker 1: a big tribal I guess, yeah, exactly, And that's that's

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Speaker 1: one of anthropologists Miller's theories is that there was a

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Speaker 1: shift in power from the Powhattan's who were friendly with

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Speaker 1: the Roanot colonists, that they lost their control over the area,

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Speaker 1: and to fill that power vacuum, other tribes who are

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Speaker 1: hostiles of the colonists rose up took power. Had if

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Speaker 1: that happened in the Roanokes or the Roanoke colonists had

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Speaker 1: moved fifty miles into the main right, then they would

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Speaker 1: have been walking into just this a tribal war and

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Speaker 1: they would have been slaughtered. The men would have been

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Speaker 1: and the men and I'm sorry, the women and children

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Speaker 1: would have been sold as slaves, right yeah. And and

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Speaker 1: there was apparently a trading network from Virginia to Augusta, Georgia,

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Speaker 1: all up and down the coast, so they any evidence

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Speaker 1: of them would have been lost even if they had

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Speaker 1: been subsumed into um any tribe that that that purchased

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Speaker 1: them basically, which is another theory, right, and there is

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Speaker 1: one more possibility, at least one more and it's a

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Speaker 1: little bit more peace fallen, a little bit of us

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Speaker 1: happier ending, and that is that the colonists move inland

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Speaker 1: and they assimilated into a Native American tribe and things

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Speaker 1: were hunky dory. They intermarried and produced an entirely new

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Speaker 1: subset of people, the lumby the Lumba, and this theory

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Speaker 1: is called the Lumbi connection. And a lot of people

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Speaker 1: who made it over to the area later said that

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Speaker 1: they would see people who had European dress or European

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Speaker 1: manners and speech associating with the Native Americans, or that

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Speaker 1: even there were some people who looked like they were

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Speaker 1: neither a Native American entirely nor European entirely. Maybe they

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Speaker 1: had darker skin, but they also had lighter colored eyes

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Speaker 1: like Europeans. There were some I think French or English

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Speaker 1: settlers um who were hunting and trapping in the North

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Speaker 1: Carolina area who made the first documented contact with the

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Speaker 1: Lumbi tribe. So you imagine you you're meeting this tribe

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Speaker 1: who aren't supposed to have come in contact with any

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Speaker 1: any whites, and they can read and write and speak English,

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Speaker 1: and some of them have gray eyes, which is an

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Speaker 1: anomaly among Native Americans. And their houses look a lot

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Speaker 1: like the houses you see back in England. That gives

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Speaker 1: a lot of support to this this Lumby connection theory.

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Speaker 1: And the Lumbie themselves, a lot of them. Uh, it's

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Speaker 1: part of their oral tradition that the Roano colonists were

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Speaker 1: assumed into their tribe and they formed the Lumbi. But

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Speaker 1: that's also in dispute. Um. There's a especially back during

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Speaker 1: the I guess the anglicization of Native Americans in the

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Speaker 1: nineteenth century. This is a big kind of um. There

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Speaker 1: is an identity crisis among tribes, and a lot of

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Speaker 1: the Lumbi, as far as I understand, kind of they

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Speaker 1: don't really like to talk about that white heritage because

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Speaker 1: it may make them perceived as less than Native American. Well,

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Speaker 1: for my my name, I am thinking that they were

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Speaker 1: assimilated into the name there. I'm betting on connections. I mean,

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Speaker 1: if there were houses in the area that looks similar

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Speaker 1: to what the Roan colonists had on Roanoak, and if

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Speaker 1: John White observed that these houses had been I Guess disassembled.

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Speaker 1: For lack of a better term, I think they probably

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Speaker 1: just took all their supplies, all the resources that they

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Speaker 1: had sort on Roanoak and just moved it all in land. Yeah, okay,

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Speaker 1: so factor fiction, what's your what's your final verdict on

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Speaker 1: the Indian attack? Oh god, you'd say fiction on Guess? Well,

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Speaker 1: oh god, I don't even know. Can I say faction?

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Speaker 1: That's such a cheap compount by now faction? Maybe this

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Speaker 1: is actually no, I'm not going to give it anyone.

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Speaker 1: I'm not going to say it's bad fiction or faction. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: it belongs to the ages. It's a real mystery and

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Speaker 1: if you want more details about it, you can read

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Speaker 1: what Happened at the Lost Colony at Roanoke on a

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Speaker 1: how stuff works dot com for more on this and

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Speaker 1: thousands of other topics. Does it how stuff works dot com?

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