1 00:00:05,160 --> 00:00:07,560 Speaker 1: Hey, this is Annie and Samantha. I'm not going to 2 00:00:07,560 --> 00:00:09,520 Speaker 1: stuff I've never told your protection of I heart radio 3 00:00:18,560 --> 00:00:21,159 Speaker 1: and it's time for another female first, which means we 4 00:00:21,200 --> 00:00:24,240 Speaker 1: are once again joined by our good friend, the wonderful, 5 00:00:24,320 --> 00:00:33,280 Speaker 1: the amazing Eaves. My goodness, it's good to be good 6 00:00:33,760 --> 00:00:37,760 Speaker 1: per usual. Yes, always good to have you. Anything interesting 7 00:00:37,800 --> 00:00:44,320 Speaker 1: going on, Eaves, anything of note, anything you're looking forward to? Um, 8 00:00:44,600 --> 00:00:48,720 Speaker 1: I don't know, is it okay? I don't know. I'm 9 00:00:49,040 --> 00:00:51,280 Speaker 1: even more comfortable with saying I don't know, and I 10 00:00:51,320 --> 00:00:54,240 Speaker 1: definitely don't. I don't think they're pretty I feel good. 11 00:00:54,240 --> 00:00:59,320 Speaker 1: Things are at level. I'm learning every day, something new, 12 00:00:59,440 --> 00:01:03,920 Speaker 1: something that's always a good thing. Um. Yeah, but yeah, nothing. 13 00:01:04,400 --> 00:01:07,039 Speaker 1: I don't have much to report, you know. I say 14 00:01:07,160 --> 00:01:09,600 Speaker 1: that is one of the things that I admire about 15 00:01:09,680 --> 00:01:14,320 Speaker 1: you as where I just sit, you continue to do 16 00:01:14,840 --> 00:01:18,600 Speaker 1: new things, learn new things, do things to find yourself 17 00:01:18,640 --> 00:01:21,679 Speaker 1: that I'm like, Man, you are really motivated, and I 18 00:01:21,720 --> 00:01:25,600 Speaker 1: feel like you used your time wisely. Maybe I'm projecting 19 00:01:25,600 --> 00:01:27,720 Speaker 1: because I'm like, I want to be like Eaves. Why 20 00:01:27,760 --> 00:01:29,920 Speaker 1: can't I be like Eaves? It's very sweet of you 21 00:01:29,959 --> 00:01:32,839 Speaker 1: to think that I have everything together. That is definitely 22 00:01:32,920 --> 00:01:36,440 Speaker 1: not the case. Maybe like you at least like exploring, 23 00:01:36,480 --> 00:01:41,120 Speaker 1: whether it's like you know, relearning meditation or watching movies 24 00:01:41,240 --> 00:01:43,720 Speaker 1: that I like. We recommend something you like, I'll watch it, 25 00:01:43,760 --> 00:01:51,960 Speaker 1: and you actually follow through. That's amazing to me. I 26 00:01:51,960 --> 00:01:53,840 Speaker 1: think you might be selling yourself a little short, because 27 00:01:53,840 --> 00:01:56,080 Speaker 1: I think one reason that we do this is because 28 00:01:56,080 --> 00:01:59,520 Speaker 1: our of our never ending curiosity, Like you have to 29 00:01:59,600 --> 00:02:02,600 Speaker 1: have level of like staying curious about the world and 30 00:02:02,680 --> 00:02:05,920 Speaker 1: learning new things to be able to delves deep into 31 00:02:06,320 --> 00:02:10,359 Speaker 1: research and such precurious and intricate topics as you do. 32 00:02:10,560 --> 00:02:13,200 Speaker 1: You know, And again, I'm very impressed by the people 33 00:02:13,240 --> 00:02:15,240 Speaker 1: that you bring to us, because it is other people, 34 00:02:15,360 --> 00:02:18,440 Speaker 1: the women that we've never heard of and or have 35 00:02:18,520 --> 00:02:20,600 Speaker 1: been neglected for so long that you can do these 36 00:02:20,600 --> 00:02:23,160 Speaker 1: deep dives. It's been also impressive, and that you're doing 37 00:02:23,160 --> 00:02:32,960 Speaker 1: the work for us. Thank you. Yes, yes, I was. 38 00:02:33,040 --> 00:02:34,760 Speaker 1: I was thinking about that. I was like, how does 39 00:02:34,880 --> 00:02:40,200 Speaker 1: as always find these amazing stories I've never heard? Well, 40 00:02:40,400 --> 00:02:45,519 Speaker 1: you know, the world is a vast pit of information 41 00:02:46,040 --> 00:02:53,360 Speaker 1: and overpopulation, notwithstanding people are being born and there are 42 00:02:53,360 --> 00:02:55,960 Speaker 1: a lot of shows to tail. I mean that makes 43 00:02:55,960 --> 00:02:59,280 Speaker 1: me really excited, um, and it really puts things into 44 00:02:59,280 --> 00:03:03,000 Speaker 1: perspective to just know how many small universes have been 45 00:03:03,040 --> 00:03:06,080 Speaker 1: created that we are able to tap into because we 46 00:03:06,160 --> 00:03:10,000 Speaker 1: have such a wealth of information at our fingertips. There 47 00:03:10,120 --> 00:03:12,760 Speaker 1: is a talent to being able to research and research 48 00:03:12,880 --> 00:03:16,440 Speaker 1: well because I have discovered I'm at the very cusp 49 00:03:16,480 --> 00:03:18,560 Speaker 1: of like trying to figure it out when we try 50 00:03:18,600 --> 00:03:21,760 Speaker 1: to find, you know, women around the world that series 51 00:03:21,800 --> 00:03:25,040 Speaker 1: and finding women and activists who are doing great things 52 00:03:25,040 --> 00:03:27,280 Speaker 1: that we don't talk about or talking enough about, but 53 00:03:27,400 --> 00:03:29,920 Speaker 1: it's still like hard to actually figure out where to 54 00:03:29,960 --> 00:03:35,000 Speaker 1: even start half the time. So I'm discovering that it 55 00:03:35,160 --> 00:03:36,960 Speaker 1: is a lot. It takes a bit of talent and 56 00:03:37,000 --> 00:03:39,440 Speaker 1: of course a lot of practice, but like all of 57 00:03:39,440 --> 00:03:44,920 Speaker 1: those days come together to find good research. So kudos, 58 00:03:45,600 --> 00:03:51,840 Speaker 1: thank you again. I love this. I love our because 59 00:03:51,880 --> 00:03:53,680 Speaker 1: it's early morning. I feel like we're starting off with 60 00:03:53,720 --> 00:03:59,720 Speaker 1: a warm virtual hug that like it's it's honestly just 61 00:03:59,760 --> 00:04:02,040 Speaker 1: the was to really appreciate because when you really think 62 00:04:02,080 --> 00:04:04,040 Speaker 1: that down deep into it and you're like, wow, this 63 00:04:04,120 --> 00:04:08,800 Speaker 1: is kind of amazing. Yeah, I'm done, undone with my 64 00:04:09,560 --> 00:04:13,640 Speaker 1: squashy guccy stuff. I love it. I love it. We're 65 00:04:13,720 --> 00:04:20,000 Speaker 1: such Eves fan girls. Yes, yes, I'll take you anything, anything, 66 00:04:20,240 --> 00:04:24,880 Speaker 1: I'll take it all perfect, perfect, well, speaking of amazing 67 00:04:24,960 --> 00:04:27,080 Speaker 1: stories and small universes, I love how you put it 68 00:04:27,160 --> 00:04:29,800 Speaker 1: like that. M who did you bring for us today? Eves? 69 00:04:29,920 --> 00:04:33,240 Speaker 1: Today we're going to be talking about Mabel ping Huai. 70 00:04:33,760 --> 00:04:38,880 Speaker 1: So she was Chinese American women's rights activists and she 71 00:04:39,000 --> 00:04:42,200 Speaker 1: was involved in the suffragist space. Um and I said 72 00:04:42,240 --> 00:04:44,200 Speaker 1: that she was the first Chinese woman to get a 73 00:04:44,240 --> 00:04:48,880 Speaker 1: doctor in economics from Columbia University. Yeah. And she has 74 00:04:48,920 --> 00:04:52,520 Speaker 1: an amazing story, an amazing story with so many historical 75 00:04:52,640 --> 00:04:57,640 Speaker 1: threads and contexts and nuance throughout. So very very excited 76 00:04:58,240 --> 00:05:00,960 Speaker 1: to get into this one. Yeah, me too. Uh So 77 00:05:01,080 --> 00:05:05,480 Speaker 1: let's start. She was born around eight and Gang Joe, China, 78 00:05:06,560 --> 00:05:09,960 Speaker 1: and in China, she learned English at a missionary school. 79 00:05:10,320 --> 00:05:13,480 Speaker 1: She lived with her mother and her grandmother. Her mother's 80 00:05:13,560 --> 00:05:16,400 Speaker 1: name was lie Beck and she was part of the 81 00:05:16,480 --> 00:05:20,400 Speaker 1: upper class and gone show. Her father Leto which is 82 00:05:20,400 --> 00:05:23,080 Speaker 1: spelt some different ways in the records, like spelled t 83 00:05:23,240 --> 00:05:26,359 Speaker 1: o or t o w e. But he was a 84 00:05:26,400 --> 00:05:29,200 Speaker 1: missionary in the US. He has his own story of 85 00:05:29,240 --> 00:05:34,600 Speaker 1: coming over to the United States and being involved in 86 00:05:34,640 --> 00:05:39,640 Speaker 1: the Christian church here, and mabel Leah moved to the 87 00:05:39,720 --> 00:05:42,280 Speaker 1: United States in the early nineteen hundreds. There are some 88 00:05:42,360 --> 00:05:44,720 Speaker 1: conflicting days given a lot of parts of her history, 89 00:05:45,240 --> 00:05:49,120 Speaker 1: but she was there by nineteen o five and after 90 00:05:49,160 --> 00:05:51,960 Speaker 1: her father had That was after her father had already 91 00:05:52,000 --> 00:05:55,360 Speaker 1: been in the United States for years, so she spent 92 00:05:55,480 --> 00:05:59,560 Speaker 1: some time in California and Washington State, and they eventually 93 00:05:59,760 --> 00:06:04,560 Speaker 1: sold in Chinatown in New York City. The Lee family 94 00:06:04,760 --> 00:06:07,720 Speaker 1: was part of a movement of Chinese people from the 95 00:06:07,760 --> 00:06:12,039 Speaker 1: West Coast to the East Coast as opportunities for work 96 00:06:12,200 --> 00:06:16,760 Speaker 1: decreased and anti Chinese violence increased in the West. So 97 00:06:16,839 --> 00:06:20,080 Speaker 1: it's not as if like anti Chinese violence wasn't just 98 00:06:20,200 --> 00:06:23,120 Speaker 1: concentrated in the West. I don't want to make it 99 00:06:23,160 --> 00:06:27,000 Speaker 1: seem like there were only instances of that in a 100 00:06:27,080 --> 00:06:30,640 Speaker 1: specific place, because I think we like to compartmentalized regions 101 00:06:30,640 --> 00:06:33,599 Speaker 1: in the United States, as if certain things only happen 102 00:06:33,640 --> 00:06:36,120 Speaker 1: in certain places, like racism only happened in the South 103 00:06:36,160 --> 00:06:38,239 Speaker 1: and didn't happen in the North. And I don't don't 104 00:06:38,279 --> 00:06:41,560 Speaker 1: want to make it seem like that's what I'm saying here. 105 00:06:41,600 --> 00:06:44,440 Speaker 1: It's just that that there was some movement from the 106 00:06:44,520 --> 00:06:47,839 Speaker 1: west to the East. I would also like to take 107 00:06:47,920 --> 00:06:51,400 Speaker 1: this moment to talk about some of the context around immigration, 108 00:06:52,080 --> 00:06:55,560 Speaker 1: um that was happening with Chinese people who migrated from 109 00:06:55,640 --> 00:06:59,080 Speaker 1: China to the United States, and also some that came after, 110 00:06:59,400 --> 00:07:01,680 Speaker 1: generations came after that were born here in the United 111 00:07:01,720 --> 00:07:04,960 Speaker 1: States from people who were migrants from China. So I 112 00:07:05,000 --> 00:07:08,000 Speaker 1: think that we might have talked about this the Chinese 113 00:07:08,040 --> 00:07:10,880 Speaker 1: Exclusion Act before in Female First and I'm sure that 114 00:07:10,960 --> 00:07:14,040 Speaker 1: y'all have mentioned it before otherwise, um we did. I 115 00:07:14,040 --> 00:07:17,240 Speaker 1: remember we did the episode on Aphon Moi, the quote 116 00:07:17,320 --> 00:07:20,640 Speaker 1: unquote first Chinese Lady, So we might have talked about 117 00:07:20,640 --> 00:07:23,040 Speaker 1: it before. But of course it's worth a while bringing 118 00:07:23,280 --> 00:07:26,800 Speaker 1: it up again here because that policy is super relevant 119 00:07:26,880 --> 00:07:32,240 Speaker 1: because it was active for many years, many decades, which 120 00:07:32,280 --> 00:07:35,120 Speaker 1: is like so hard to believe how recent this history is, 121 00:07:35,200 --> 00:07:38,240 Speaker 1: but really puts a lot of things into perspective. But 122 00:07:38,680 --> 00:07:42,600 Speaker 1: Congress approved the Chinese Exclusion Act in May of eighteen 123 00:07:42,720 --> 00:07:47,240 Speaker 1: eighty two, which banned Chinese laborers from migrating to the 124 00:07:47,360 --> 00:07:50,520 Speaker 1: United States for ten years. So as it goes with law, 125 00:07:50,600 --> 00:07:53,440 Speaker 1: there are so many more rules that go into that, 126 00:07:53,520 --> 00:07:57,360 Speaker 1: so many more asterisks. The Act was later extended, even 127 00:07:57,400 --> 00:08:00,320 Speaker 1: though it was initially supposed to be imposed for ten years, 128 00:08:00,440 --> 00:08:03,560 Speaker 1: and then it was made permanent until the Act was 129 00:08:03,600 --> 00:08:06,480 Speaker 1: repealed in nineteen forty three with the Magnuscent Act, and 130 00:08:06,560 --> 00:08:09,760 Speaker 1: even then it wasn't like a full repeal. There was 131 00:08:09,880 --> 00:08:13,160 Speaker 1: a quota for Chinese immigrants that was set to one 132 00:08:13,240 --> 00:08:16,840 Speaker 1: hundred and five people, so there were people who were 133 00:08:16,880 --> 00:08:22,000 Speaker 1: exempt from those rules, like diplomats, teachers, students, and merchants 134 00:08:22,080 --> 00:08:24,760 Speaker 1: who were allowed to migrate, but they also had to 135 00:08:24,800 --> 00:08:28,280 Speaker 1: have certification stating that they were qualified to immigrate, which 136 00:08:28,440 --> 00:08:32,000 Speaker 1: has its own layer of issues. There are stories about 137 00:08:32,080 --> 00:08:35,319 Speaker 1: people who were affected by the Chinese Exclusion Act who 138 00:08:35,360 --> 00:08:40,400 Speaker 1: had to go through these these layers of questioning and 139 00:08:40,520 --> 00:08:46,520 Speaker 1: having to qualify your personal existence and why you're worthy 140 00:08:46,559 --> 00:08:49,160 Speaker 1: of being in a space, and just imagine how mentally, 141 00:08:49,280 --> 00:08:53,240 Speaker 1: emotionally how impactful that is in a person. So that's 142 00:08:53,280 --> 00:08:56,640 Speaker 1: another layer to delve into. But that is something that 143 00:08:56,920 --> 00:08:59,040 Speaker 1: did come up in mabel Leese life and obviously so 144 00:08:59,120 --> 00:09:02,120 Speaker 1: many other people UM that were affected by the Chinese 145 00:09:02,160 --> 00:09:05,160 Speaker 1: Exclusion Act. You'll see it in some of her papers 146 00:09:05,760 --> 00:09:08,440 Speaker 1: UM and her having to leave the country and come 147 00:09:08,440 --> 00:09:12,120 Speaker 1: back into the United States because there were rules around 148 00:09:12,320 --> 00:09:14,440 Speaker 1: how a person could re enter if they were a 149 00:09:14,520 --> 00:09:17,319 Speaker 1: Chinese migrant trying to leave the country and then come back. 150 00:09:18,080 --> 00:09:21,800 Speaker 1: Not as if we're unfamiliar with issues around migration right 151 00:09:21,800 --> 00:09:24,400 Speaker 1: now in the United States, but this was the case 152 00:09:24,480 --> 00:09:28,880 Speaker 1: in her story as well. So this law wasn't active 153 00:09:28,960 --> 00:09:32,360 Speaker 1: for many many reasons. There are many layers to it. 154 00:09:32,360 --> 00:09:38,040 Speaker 1: It was stoked by things like fear, racism, anti Chinese animosity, 155 00:09:38,200 --> 00:09:42,360 Speaker 1: economic insecurity. So yes, there are a lot of factors 156 00:09:42,360 --> 00:09:46,320 Speaker 1: that go into the reason. But this is what was 157 00:09:46,440 --> 00:09:48,440 Speaker 1: a part of Maple Least life as she was moving 158 00:09:48,440 --> 00:09:52,160 Speaker 1: to the United States. Immigration from China was extremely limited 159 00:09:52,480 --> 00:09:56,560 Speaker 1: during the period under the Exclusion Act. And they're the 160 00:09:56,600 --> 00:10:01,800 Speaker 1: people who were already here even before Exclusion Act um 161 00:10:02,040 --> 00:10:05,120 Speaker 1: was implemented. We're also facing violence from people who had 162 00:10:05,120 --> 00:10:08,560 Speaker 1: an anti Chinese sentiment. Yes, so, so Lee and her 163 00:10:08,600 --> 00:10:11,840 Speaker 1: family were able to migrate here, but she was one 164 00:10:11,880 --> 00:10:14,920 Speaker 1: of few. There weren't that many other people there at 165 00:10:14,960 --> 00:10:17,920 Speaker 1: the time who were able to make that happen. But 166 00:10:18,040 --> 00:10:20,080 Speaker 1: so when she settled in New York, she went to 167 00:10:20,120 --> 00:10:23,720 Speaker 1: Erasmus Hall High School, which was a public school in Brooklyn, 168 00:10:24,360 --> 00:10:28,680 Speaker 1: and of course people in the United States had their 169 00:10:28,800 --> 00:10:33,439 Speaker 1: eyes on international efforts for suffrage, so that included China, 170 00:10:33,559 --> 00:10:37,440 Speaker 1: where there was a revolution in nineteen eleven, and people 171 00:10:37,600 --> 00:10:41,640 Speaker 1: in China have been organizing for decades for women's suffrage. 172 00:10:42,280 --> 00:10:44,400 Speaker 1: So I think it's really easy to get into a 173 00:10:44,440 --> 00:10:47,240 Speaker 1: bubble and think about what's happening here in the United States. 174 00:10:47,240 --> 00:10:49,840 Speaker 1: And we've talked about women's suffrage in the United States before, 175 00:10:50,360 --> 00:10:53,600 Speaker 1: but there were also efforts in China, and leading up 176 00:10:53,640 --> 00:10:58,400 Speaker 1: to the revolution, women's suffrage activists opposed to Ching monarchy 177 00:10:58,559 --> 00:11:02,840 Speaker 1: which was overthrown and I Tina eleven and they supported 178 00:11:02,880 --> 00:11:06,280 Speaker 1: the equality of genders, and we're talking about things like 179 00:11:06,360 --> 00:11:11,839 Speaker 1: advocating for more political participation for women. And they didn't 180 00:11:11,920 --> 00:11:16,239 Speaker 1: quite get this in the newly formed Republic of China immediately, 181 00:11:16,320 --> 00:11:19,520 Speaker 1: but women stuff are just in China did remain vigilant 182 00:11:19,559 --> 00:11:25,679 Speaker 1: in their activism. So because so many white Americans views 183 00:11:25,760 --> 00:11:30,080 Speaker 1: of Chinese folks were anchored in this racism and xenophobia 184 00:11:30,120 --> 00:11:36,400 Speaker 1: and ignorance, the four movement of enfranchisement wasn't a good 185 00:11:36,440 --> 00:11:41,320 Speaker 1: look for the supposedly moral upstanding. These are not my words, 186 00:11:41,360 --> 00:11:45,400 Speaker 1: but like how the view of from white Americans perspective 187 00:11:45,559 --> 00:11:49,960 Speaker 1: was of the other. Specifically for Chinese people in this situation, 188 00:11:50,400 --> 00:11:53,679 Speaker 1: it's like, we're more civilized, we have all our stuff 189 00:11:53,720 --> 00:11:55,640 Speaker 1: going on, we have more of this forward movement, were 190 00:11:55,679 --> 00:11:59,920 Speaker 1: more progressive, and they were seen as more lowly by 191 00:12:00,080 --> 00:12:03,679 Speaker 1: lot they When I say they, I mean like Chinese people. Um. 192 00:12:03,720 --> 00:12:06,319 Speaker 1: For for people in China, of course we're exot sized, 193 00:12:06,520 --> 00:12:09,040 Speaker 1: were viewed as the other. We're seen as more lowly, 194 00:12:09,800 --> 00:12:14,440 Speaker 1: and all the other various stereotypes and things that were 195 00:12:14,640 --> 00:12:16,760 Speaker 1: and and views that were bred out of racism that 196 00:12:17,200 --> 00:12:23,280 Speaker 1: came from white American perspective. Um. So, the fact that 197 00:12:23,320 --> 00:12:26,480 Speaker 1: there was movement when it came to suffrage and enfranchisement 198 00:12:26,559 --> 00:12:29,240 Speaker 1: for people in China who were supposed to be this 199 00:12:29,840 --> 00:12:33,440 Speaker 1: less quote unquote lesser version of people was something that 200 00:12:33,600 --> 00:12:36,640 Speaker 1: didn't look so great to a lot of white Americans 201 00:12:36,720 --> 00:12:54,199 Speaker 1: who were invested in suffrage. So white suffragists looked to 202 00:12:54,320 --> 00:12:57,240 Speaker 1: Chinese suffragists in the US to learn more about efforts 203 00:12:57,240 --> 00:13:01,160 Speaker 1: in China, and also efforts about education in China, because 204 00:13:01,200 --> 00:13:03,160 Speaker 1: that was also something that women were trying to have 205 00:13:03,280 --> 00:13:07,240 Speaker 1: for movement on in the United States. In April of 206 00:13:07,559 --> 00:13:11,800 Speaker 1: nineteen twelve, Mabel and her parents, along with other Chinese 207 00:13:11,800 --> 00:13:15,360 Speaker 1: people in the community met with white activists who wanted 208 00:13:15,440 --> 00:13:18,240 Speaker 1: more insight on the situation. But it's interesting because if 209 00:13:18,280 --> 00:13:21,640 Speaker 1: you read, there was a lot of reporting about Mabel 210 00:13:21,679 --> 00:13:24,560 Speaker 1: and things that were happening in the suffrage space in 211 00:13:24,600 --> 00:13:28,439 Speaker 1: New York when Mabel was active, and in this situation 212 00:13:28,440 --> 00:13:30,720 Speaker 1: of the meeting with parents is positioned in a way 213 00:13:30,720 --> 00:13:34,400 Speaker 1: where it seems like the white women who were involved, 214 00:13:34,480 --> 00:13:37,000 Speaker 1: even though the woman who kind of brought this meeting 215 00:13:37,080 --> 00:13:41,200 Speaker 1: together says that I'm not really the suffragist kind, but 216 00:13:41,720 --> 00:13:44,040 Speaker 1: I figured it could be good to talk to Chinese 217 00:13:44,080 --> 00:13:47,760 Speaker 1: people about these issues that are affecting them while they're 218 00:13:47,760 --> 00:13:50,280 Speaker 1: here in the U S. Issues around education and around 219 00:13:50,320 --> 00:13:54,080 Speaker 1: women's rights and suffrage. Yeah, so at this meeting, Mabel 220 00:13:54,240 --> 00:13:59,040 Speaker 1: Lee spoke of her support for gender equality and education 221 00:13:59,120 --> 00:14:03,160 Speaker 1: for girls and suffrage and she was still young, so 222 00:14:03,240 --> 00:14:06,240 Speaker 1: she started all of this when she was a teenager. 223 00:14:06,320 --> 00:14:10,040 Speaker 1: She became known as a person who had oratory skills 224 00:14:10,120 --> 00:14:14,520 Speaker 1: and who was invested in bringing women's rights to the 225 00:14:14,559 --> 00:14:17,200 Speaker 1: forefront as a teenager. So this is while she was 226 00:14:17,200 --> 00:14:20,520 Speaker 1: in high school. She was featured in a couple of 227 00:14:21,240 --> 00:14:25,640 Speaker 1: New York Tribune articles in April of nineteen twelve. Around 228 00:14:25,720 --> 00:14:30,280 Speaker 1: that same time, one was called Chinese Girl once vote. 229 00:14:31,000 --> 00:14:35,040 Speaker 1: So she was positioned as a quote symbol of the 230 00:14:35,160 --> 00:14:39,000 Speaker 1: new era, when all their women will be free and unhampered. 231 00:14:39,120 --> 00:14:41,320 Speaker 1: That was a quote from that New York Tribune article. 232 00:14:42,040 --> 00:14:45,160 Speaker 1: And by their women, they are referring to Chinese women. 233 00:14:45,840 --> 00:14:47,920 Speaker 1: And there was another article that month in the New 234 00:14:48,000 --> 00:14:51,640 Speaker 1: York Tribune called Chinatown Awakens, in which she was called 235 00:14:51,800 --> 00:14:56,120 Speaker 1: the quote progressive Mabel Lee. She was also some sentences 236 00:14:56,200 --> 00:15:00,280 Speaker 1: later called a hopeless little suffragette. Suffragette itself are ready 237 00:15:00,280 --> 00:15:04,840 Speaker 1: being a derogatory terminology for someone who was invested in suffrage. 238 00:15:04,880 --> 00:15:08,240 Speaker 1: So there was I think we definitely talked about this 239 00:15:08,280 --> 00:15:10,640 Speaker 1: a lot before, because y'all know I love bringing quotes. 240 00:15:10,680 --> 00:15:17,160 Speaker 1: But how steeped in the languages, in the racism of 241 00:15:17,200 --> 00:15:21,680 Speaker 1: the day, the views towards Chinese people, And yeah, so 242 00:15:21,720 --> 00:15:24,800 Speaker 1: you can delve into that and reading that entire article, 243 00:15:25,080 --> 00:15:28,560 Speaker 1: It's just funny to me because there is a huge 244 00:15:28,640 --> 00:15:34,720 Speaker 1: contrast between the uplift of who Mabel Lee was, acknowledging 245 00:15:34,760 --> 00:15:39,680 Speaker 1: that she was progressive, acknowledging that she was helping the 246 00:15:39,760 --> 00:15:43,440 Speaker 1: white people in this instance learn more about her culture, 247 00:15:43,600 --> 00:15:46,360 Speaker 1: learn more about the knowledge that she had, so they 248 00:15:46,360 --> 00:15:48,720 Speaker 1: were coming to her for assistance, but at the same 249 00:15:48,760 --> 00:15:55,960 Speaker 1: time using language that UH showed how they viewed Mabel 250 00:15:56,000 --> 00:15:59,720 Speaker 1: and other Chinese people as inferior. So it's a huge 251 00:16:00,080 --> 00:16:03,520 Speaker 1: the dissonance happening. And then also there was all of 252 00:16:03,600 --> 00:16:06,920 Speaker 1: the other things that are just outdated language that we 253 00:16:06,920 --> 00:16:10,240 Speaker 1: would no longer use at all because we know that 254 00:16:10,280 --> 00:16:14,840 Speaker 1: it's just steeped in stereotyping and things like that. So yeah, 255 00:16:14,920 --> 00:16:17,120 Speaker 1: it's just interesting to see the contrast and the dissonance 256 00:16:17,160 --> 00:16:19,480 Speaker 1: happening there. But either way, there were a bunch of 257 00:16:19,560 --> 00:16:21,440 Speaker 1: articles that came out on her, and it wasn't just 258 00:16:21,600 --> 00:16:24,040 Speaker 1: in New York. There were articles around the nation who 259 00:16:24,040 --> 00:16:28,600 Speaker 1: picked up stories on what was happening. And soon after 260 00:16:28,840 --> 00:16:30,560 Speaker 1: the meeting that I spoke about earlier in May of 261 00:16:30,640 --> 00:16:35,080 Speaker 1: nineteen twelve, on May fourth, she was involved in a 262 00:16:35,120 --> 00:16:38,800 Speaker 1: suffrage parade, and there were also articles about this leading 263 00:16:38,840 --> 00:16:41,720 Speaker 1: up to the time and some of the fanfare and 264 00:16:41,800 --> 00:16:46,280 Speaker 1: excitement that was happening, and looking forward to this parade, 265 00:16:46,960 --> 00:16:51,560 Speaker 1: newspapers around the country printed headlines that were highlighting leads 266 00:16:51,680 --> 00:16:54,040 Speaker 1: involvement in the parade. There was a bunch of hoop 267 00:16:54,120 --> 00:16:56,360 Speaker 1: lah over how she was riding in on horseback, and 268 00:16:56,400 --> 00:17:00,040 Speaker 1: she was leading the initial cavalcade that was bring in 269 00:17:00,240 --> 00:17:04,639 Speaker 1: this ten thousand people for the parade. The newspapers were 270 00:17:04,640 --> 00:17:07,160 Speaker 1: specifically calling out the fact that she was Chinese as 271 00:17:07,160 --> 00:17:10,680 Speaker 1: if it were some sort of party trick. She rode 272 00:17:10,880 --> 00:17:14,680 Speaker 1: on horseback and and there's a picture of her on 273 00:17:14,880 --> 00:17:16,760 Speaker 1: horseback as well that she can go and look at. 274 00:17:17,280 --> 00:17:21,800 Speaker 1: But her speaking skills were praised, and her activism at 275 00:17:21,800 --> 00:17:24,439 Speaker 1: the time connected her to other activists who were in 276 00:17:24,480 --> 00:17:28,119 Speaker 1: the space, But she was still going through her own 277 00:17:28,240 --> 00:17:30,959 Speaker 1: educational process. She was the only Chinese student in her 278 00:17:31,000 --> 00:17:35,040 Speaker 1: class when she graduated from high school, and she began 279 00:17:35,200 --> 00:17:38,280 Speaker 1: attending Barnard College, which is a women's college in New 280 00:17:38,359 --> 00:17:41,320 Speaker 1: York City. You can see a lot of her consciousness 281 00:17:41,359 --> 00:17:44,920 Speaker 1: developing at this time, although she already had it as 282 00:17:44,960 --> 00:17:49,200 Speaker 1: an aside. You'll see a lot of the articles talk 283 00:17:49,280 --> 00:17:52,800 Speaker 1: about how her mother's feet were bound and try to 284 00:17:52,880 --> 00:17:58,639 Speaker 1: kind of position her mother as a symbol of the 285 00:17:58,680 --> 00:18:01,760 Speaker 1: old while her fad Mabel Lee is a symbol of 286 00:18:01,800 --> 00:18:05,080 Speaker 1: the news, saying, well, her mom came from this, but 287 00:18:05,200 --> 00:18:08,600 Speaker 1: she still apports suffrage. Look at that wow, While Mabel 288 00:18:08,680 --> 00:18:12,119 Speaker 1: Lee as an example of the this new age of 289 00:18:12,160 --> 00:18:15,680 Speaker 1: people coming up in a contrast to the tradition of 290 00:18:16,080 --> 00:18:22,840 Speaker 1: what her mom supposedly represented. But either way, she was 291 00:18:22,880 --> 00:18:26,200 Speaker 1: involved in a lot of clubs and activism during her 292 00:18:26,240 --> 00:18:30,399 Speaker 1: time in college as well. She was in the y 293 00:18:30,600 --> 00:18:34,399 Speaker 1: w c A, the Young Woman's Christian Association, and she 294 00:18:34,560 --> 00:18:38,600 Speaker 1: sometimes spoke about Chinese culture and history for the organization, 295 00:18:39,680 --> 00:18:43,240 Speaker 1: and during her time at Barnard she wrote a speech 296 00:18:43,280 --> 00:18:47,720 Speaker 1: called China's Submerged Half, which I just love that name 297 00:18:48,160 --> 00:18:51,680 Speaker 1: for like some reason. I don't know. It's just something 298 00:18:51,720 --> 00:18:55,000 Speaker 1: about the words submerged that I find really like. It 299 00:18:55,040 --> 00:18:56,760 Speaker 1: just draws me into like I wonder what this is 300 00:18:56,800 --> 00:18:59,160 Speaker 1: going to be about. I feel like that's really that's 301 00:18:59,160 --> 00:19:03,400 Speaker 1: a really interesting way to title something. Anyway, that's my 302 00:19:04,080 --> 00:19:07,600 Speaker 1: weirdness about words outside um. I have a quote from it. 303 00:19:08,000 --> 00:19:12,040 Speaker 1: She said, china Submerged Half has begun to emerge. And 304 00:19:12,119 --> 00:19:15,240 Speaker 1: when you recall that a battalion of Chinese young women 305 00:19:15,320 --> 00:19:18,480 Speaker 1: was organized and drilled for service in the Late Revolution, 306 00:19:19,200 --> 00:19:23,159 Speaker 1: and that a militant woman suffragist used violence towards a 307 00:19:23,240 --> 00:19:26,359 Speaker 1: deputy of the Nanking Assembly for refusing the vote for 308 00:19:26,480 --> 00:19:30,320 Speaker 1: woman's suffrage. You will agree with me that a part 309 00:19:30,359 --> 00:19:34,760 Speaker 1: of that half has emerged with a vengeance, and I 310 00:19:35,200 --> 00:19:38,720 Speaker 1: love that, um so um. I think the reason, going 311 00:19:38,760 --> 00:19:41,960 Speaker 1: back to words, I love submerged half because when she 312 00:19:41,960 --> 00:19:44,920 Speaker 1: says submerged half, she's referring to women, and I think 313 00:19:44,960 --> 00:19:48,000 Speaker 1: a lot of the time it's a difficulty for me 314 00:19:48,119 --> 00:19:54,960 Speaker 1: to position things from a way in which self identifying 315 00:19:55,240 --> 00:19:58,240 Speaker 1: as the inferior, because I think that's what the word 316 00:19:58,240 --> 00:20:03,399 Speaker 1: submerged can do. It implies that that we're starting from 317 00:20:03,440 --> 00:20:06,679 Speaker 1: a negative space. It's like you're immediately positioning yourself with 318 00:20:06,880 --> 00:20:12,199 Speaker 1: negativity in the situation. But I think she flips that 319 00:20:12,280 --> 00:20:15,720 Speaker 1: on it's head where it's like, Okay, we're submerged, but 320 00:20:16,080 --> 00:20:19,400 Speaker 1: we're working with so much. You know, there's vengeance that's happening. 321 00:20:19,440 --> 00:20:22,200 Speaker 1: It's not it's not coming from she's not coming from 322 00:20:22,200 --> 00:20:25,040 Speaker 1: a meek position, a position in which she feels like 323 00:20:25,119 --> 00:20:29,560 Speaker 1: she's incapable. Um So. She celebrated progress in terms of 324 00:20:29,600 --> 00:20:33,199 Speaker 1: things that Chinese women were doing, like establishing newspapers in 325 00:20:33,280 --> 00:20:35,879 Speaker 1: that speech, but she noted that a lot of things 326 00:20:35,880 --> 00:20:39,720 Speaker 1: were being said in theory and not done in practice, 327 00:20:40,400 --> 00:20:44,840 Speaker 1: and that rendering justice was urgent and that she and 328 00:20:44,880 --> 00:20:48,919 Speaker 1: other girls would have the duties of pioneers um So 329 00:20:49,000 --> 00:20:52,639 Speaker 1: she considered herself a feminist and she became part of 330 00:20:52,720 --> 00:20:57,280 Speaker 1: feminist discussions that were happening on campus through groups like 331 00:20:57,359 --> 00:21:02,359 Speaker 1: the Feminist Forum, and she joined the Debate Club. She 332 00:21:02,520 --> 00:21:05,840 Speaker 1: was also part of the Chinese Students Club at Columbia, 333 00:21:06,119 --> 00:21:11,320 Speaker 1: which was associated with the Chinese Students Alliance, in which 334 00:21:11,480 --> 00:21:14,760 Speaker 1: over the year she held many positions in during her 335 00:21:14,800 --> 00:21:18,600 Speaker 1: time in college, so one wonders when she had the 336 00:21:18,640 --> 00:21:22,040 Speaker 1: time to do anything, because she definitely seems like she 337 00:21:22,240 --> 00:21:26,880 Speaker 1: was involved in a lot. But while she was at Bernard, 338 00:21:26,960 --> 00:21:30,080 Speaker 1: she wrote for the Chinese Students Monthly, which was the 339 00:21:30,160 --> 00:21:34,639 Speaker 1: national magazine for the Alliance, and the first article she 340 00:21:34,720 --> 00:21:37,760 Speaker 1: published for it was in June of nineteen fourteen, which 341 00:21:37,840 --> 00:21:41,920 Speaker 1: was the meaning of Woman's Suffrage. In August of nineteen fourteen, 342 00:21:42,040 --> 00:21:46,320 Speaker 1: she went to the CSA's Eastern Conference and competed in 343 00:21:46,359 --> 00:21:51,280 Speaker 1: an oratorical contest. So she made a lot of friends 344 00:21:51,359 --> 00:21:54,600 Speaker 1: during her time who were also activist and was heavily 345 00:21:54,640 --> 00:21:58,320 Speaker 1: involved in the student community. She got a bachelor's degree 346 00:21:58,359 --> 00:22:01,520 Speaker 1: from Barnard in nineteen sixteen and where she majored in 347 00:22:01,600 --> 00:22:06,680 Speaker 1: history and philosophy, and she continued on her educational track 348 00:22:06,920 --> 00:22:10,600 Speaker 1: when she was accepted into the PhD program and the 349 00:22:10,640 --> 00:22:16,359 Speaker 1: Department of Political Science and Philosophy at Columbia University. She 350 00:22:16,480 --> 00:22:21,040 Speaker 1: got a scholarship to go there, and that was around 351 00:22:21,080 --> 00:22:25,000 Speaker 1: the time that the graduate school there had began to 352 00:22:25,080 --> 00:22:28,600 Speaker 1: admit some i'll be a small number of women into 353 00:22:28,640 --> 00:22:32,840 Speaker 1: their doctoral programs. During her time at Columbia, she remained 354 00:22:32,840 --> 00:22:39,000 Speaker 1: active in the Chinese Students Alliance and she worked with Dr. 355 00:22:39,080 --> 00:22:45,439 Speaker 1: Vladimir Simkovic, who had become her mentor and her dissertation advisor, 356 00:22:46,600 --> 00:22:52,440 Speaker 1: and he encouraged her to study historical Chinese agricultural policy. 357 00:22:52,800 --> 00:22:57,119 Speaker 1: Her dissertation was entitled the Economic History of China with 358 00:22:57,240 --> 00:23:01,400 Speaker 1: Special Reference to Agriculture, which is available to read online 359 00:23:01,440 --> 00:23:04,360 Speaker 1: if you're interested in such a sort of thing. Yes, 360 00:23:04,440 --> 00:23:07,520 Speaker 1: So she advocated for a balance between the old and 361 00:23:07,560 --> 00:23:10,040 Speaker 1: the new, the traditional and the modern, which makes a 362 00:23:10,040 --> 00:23:12,840 Speaker 1: lot of sense for her, and to not just cast 363 00:23:12,880 --> 00:23:29,720 Speaker 1: aside what was done in the past as useless. In 364 00:23:29,840 --> 00:23:34,920 Speaker 1: nineteen seventeen, Mabel also participated in another suffrage parade as 365 00:23:34,960 --> 00:23:39,560 Speaker 1: part of the Women's Political Equality League, and it was 366 00:23:39,600 --> 00:23:43,440 Speaker 1: that same year that New York State did enfranchise women, 367 00:23:44,080 --> 00:23:48,359 Speaker 1: but Mabel, as a Chinese immigrants, still could not vote. 368 00:23:48,760 --> 00:23:52,840 Speaker 1: In ninete, that was the year she got her first 369 00:23:52,920 --> 00:23:56,280 Speaker 1: so she became the first Chinese woman to get a 370 00:23:56,320 --> 00:24:01,639 Speaker 1: PhD from Columbia University. So a path after around this 371 00:24:01,760 --> 00:24:04,959 Speaker 1: time for moving forward and career was often to go 372 00:24:05,080 --> 00:24:10,199 Speaker 1: back to teach, but finding employment was difficult for Mabel 373 00:24:11,040 --> 00:24:14,040 Speaker 1: during her life. She did plan to return to China 374 00:24:14,160 --> 00:24:17,359 Speaker 1: to live to bring back what she learned um as 375 00:24:17,400 --> 00:24:21,159 Speaker 1: she didn't have a path to citizenship. It was a 376 00:24:21,200 --> 00:24:23,040 Speaker 1: path for a lot of women to choose to go 377 00:24:23,119 --> 00:24:27,040 Speaker 1: back to China to work, but Mabel herself never went 378 00:24:27,080 --> 00:24:29,760 Speaker 1: back permanently to China, even though she did have some 379 00:24:29,880 --> 00:24:34,960 Speaker 1: visits in her later years. Her plans, as plans tend 380 00:24:35,040 --> 00:24:41,959 Speaker 1: to do, didn't go completely as she expected. She continued 381 00:24:42,080 --> 00:24:45,400 Speaker 1: working at Columbia and then she did go to study 382 00:24:45,560 --> 00:24:50,560 Speaker 1: in Europe, but she had to make arrangements when she 383 00:24:50,600 --> 00:24:52,560 Speaker 1: went out of the country. As we spoke about earlier, 384 00:24:52,600 --> 00:24:54,640 Speaker 1: what immigrants had to do when it came to reentry 385 00:24:54,680 --> 00:24:59,280 Speaker 1: into the US had to qualify their reasoning for coming 386 00:24:59,280 --> 00:25:01,000 Speaker 1: back to the United it States and that they were 387 00:25:01,040 --> 00:25:05,280 Speaker 1: able to do so, and there are papers documenting her 388 00:25:05,280 --> 00:25:09,600 Speaker 1: process of that. She planned on setting up a business 389 00:25:09,680 --> 00:25:14,280 Speaker 1: importing Chinese herbal medicine, but her father died in November 390 00:25:14,359 --> 00:25:18,400 Speaker 1: of nineteen four and she decided to go and continue 391 00:25:18,440 --> 00:25:21,360 Speaker 1: his work. She decided to start working for the church, 392 00:25:21,800 --> 00:25:25,000 Speaker 1: and she became director of her father's mission in New 393 00:25:25,080 --> 00:25:31,280 Speaker 1: York City and started the process of making it her own. 394 00:25:31,880 --> 00:25:34,800 Speaker 1: The church building was rented, so she raised funds and 395 00:25:34,840 --> 00:25:37,240 Speaker 1: had a new church built at twenty one pel Street, 396 00:25:38,240 --> 00:25:41,199 Speaker 1: and a friend of hers, after she was involved in 397 00:25:41,200 --> 00:25:44,800 Speaker 1: that for many many years, suggested that she go back 398 00:25:44,840 --> 00:25:49,840 Speaker 1: to her intellectual interest, but she remained invested in a church. 399 00:25:50,840 --> 00:25:54,040 Speaker 1: She went back to China a few times in the 400 00:25:54,119 --> 00:26:00,000 Speaker 1: nineteen twenties and the thirties, and but like I said earlier, 401 00:26:00,040 --> 00:26:02,680 Speaker 1: she never did move back there permanently. UM but some 402 00:26:02,800 --> 00:26:07,800 Speaker 1: Chinese women were enfranchised and able to vote in nineteen 403 00:26:07,880 --> 00:26:12,040 Speaker 1: forty three when the Magnusent Act passed, but that still 404 00:26:12,119 --> 00:26:15,919 Speaker 1: didn't extend to all Chinese women. UM. The Immigration and 405 00:26:16,000 --> 00:26:20,080 Speaker 1: Nationality Act of nineteen fifty two and the Voting Rights 406 00:26:20,119 --> 00:26:25,119 Speaker 1: Act of nineteen sixty five did further that process along 407 00:26:25,119 --> 00:26:28,160 Speaker 1: and moved the needle on voting rights for Chinese Americans, 408 00:26:29,200 --> 00:26:34,320 Speaker 1: though that didn't solve everything, because US citizens who were 409 00:26:34,359 --> 00:26:38,399 Speaker 1: of Asian descent still faced discrimination and voting today. But 410 00:26:38,920 --> 00:26:42,880 Speaker 1: there were no records of Lee herself naturalizing, and it's 411 00:26:42,920 --> 00:26:47,680 Speaker 1: also not known whether she ever voted in the United States, 412 00:26:48,440 --> 00:26:52,160 Speaker 1: and she died in nineteen sixty six in New York City. Yeah, 413 00:26:52,200 --> 00:26:55,119 Speaker 1: this story is so amazing, And I love learning about 414 00:26:55,640 --> 00:26:59,639 Speaker 1: feminism and other countries and just the history of feminism 415 00:26:59,680 --> 00:27:02,480 Speaker 1: and their places because kind of like what you were 416 00:27:02,480 --> 00:27:05,720 Speaker 1: saying earlier, Samantha, with our problem of finding doing the 417 00:27:05,760 --> 00:27:08,479 Speaker 1: research around women around the world, is a lot of 418 00:27:08,480 --> 00:27:12,919 Speaker 1: our searches are very like American, not even English, but 419 00:27:13,040 --> 00:27:17,639 Speaker 1: like very American centered. So it's I really liked learning 420 00:27:17,640 --> 00:27:20,399 Speaker 1: about this in the context she brought about what was 421 00:27:20,440 --> 00:27:26,080 Speaker 1: going on in China when it came to suffrage and feminism. 422 00:27:26,240 --> 00:27:31,200 Speaker 1: And yeah, this was just she really really did so 423 00:27:31,320 --> 00:27:34,720 Speaker 1: much and she has so much writing um and as 424 00:27:34,760 --> 00:27:38,320 Speaker 1: someone who writes, I really enjoyed reading some the stuff 425 00:27:38,359 --> 00:27:41,280 Speaker 1: that she did and I was like impressed and the Yeah, 426 00:27:41,280 --> 00:27:44,280 Speaker 1: I too, am a word nerd, So I liked a 427 00:27:44,280 --> 00:27:47,080 Speaker 1: lot of the words that she she used and I 428 00:27:47,080 --> 00:27:50,200 Speaker 1: thought she used them so effectively, right. I think the 429 00:27:50,760 --> 00:27:53,080 Speaker 1: line that you read from her really made me think 430 00:27:53,080 --> 00:27:55,720 Speaker 1: of like superheroes where they you know, pushed their way 431 00:27:55,760 --> 00:27:58,880 Speaker 1: through out of a situation, whether they're like under debris 432 00:27:59,240 --> 00:28:01,800 Speaker 1: and have to fly out of that situation essentially, Like 433 00:28:01,880 --> 00:28:04,720 Speaker 1: that kind of came into mind. Um, because Yeah, that 434 00:28:04,920 --> 00:28:08,359 Speaker 1: definitely painted a picture with her words, and it was 435 00:28:08,400 --> 00:28:13,200 Speaker 1: beautifully said and also very inspiring. It's kind of like, yeah, absolutely, 436 00:28:13,359 --> 00:28:18,600 Speaker 1: we can definitely emerge with vengeance. That's amazing. Yeah, it's 437 00:28:18,640 --> 00:28:23,880 Speaker 1: the word vengeance. The association was happening there. I just 438 00:28:23,920 --> 00:28:30,640 Speaker 1: watch that last night. Yeah, she's all about vengeance right now. 439 00:28:31,359 --> 00:28:34,120 Speaker 1: But yeah, and even the history of the Chinese Exclusionary 440 00:28:34,160 --> 00:28:36,720 Speaker 1: Act and what it held and the discussion as of 441 00:28:36,840 --> 00:28:40,400 Speaker 1: laid about Asian hate in general, there's a lot of 442 00:28:40,440 --> 00:28:43,040 Speaker 1: contexts that really just kind of bring it background of 443 00:28:43,400 --> 00:28:46,479 Speaker 1: what she possibly went through and trying to understand what 444 00:28:46,520 --> 00:28:49,760 Speaker 1: it was, because a part of the comments and conversations 445 00:28:50,160 --> 00:28:52,160 Speaker 1: within those acts actually has to do with a lot 446 00:28:52,200 --> 00:28:55,920 Speaker 1: of sexism and fetishism of Asian women in general, and 447 00:28:56,000 --> 00:28:59,880 Speaker 1: this whole idea at the beginning of uh, the exoticism 448 00:29:00,120 --> 00:29:02,600 Speaker 1: of Asian women, So you have to wonder as she 449 00:29:02,760 --> 00:29:07,480 Speaker 1: was coming here, especially with a missionary from China. There's 450 00:29:07,520 --> 00:29:10,080 Speaker 1: so many flips to that that I have in my 451 00:29:10,160 --> 00:29:12,600 Speaker 1: head because as a person who used to be in 452 00:29:13,120 --> 00:29:16,800 Speaker 1: the religious Christian Western Christian world, we had all of 453 00:29:16,840 --> 00:29:19,760 Speaker 1: those stories about missionaries going to China and what that 454 00:29:19,800 --> 00:29:22,959 Speaker 1: looked like, and of course coming background to be like, oh, 455 00:29:23,000 --> 00:29:26,800 Speaker 1: that's there's some problematic things with that. But then having 456 00:29:26,800 --> 00:29:29,480 Speaker 1: that flipped is a different conversation. You really, I really 457 00:29:29,480 --> 00:29:33,480 Speaker 1: wonder what her background looked like. But then pushing forward 458 00:29:34,000 --> 00:29:37,320 Speaker 1: with her being an advocate and a stuffer just when 459 00:29:37,320 --> 00:29:40,160 Speaker 1: it really wasn't necessary. Just for her, it was the 460 00:29:40,200 --> 00:29:45,600 Speaker 1: beginning building blocks to actually build up to what she 461 00:29:45,720 --> 00:29:47,920 Speaker 1: had hoped for a better world when it comes to 462 00:29:48,000 --> 00:29:50,600 Speaker 1: voting rights, when it comes to women's rights. But you know, 463 00:29:50,720 --> 00:29:53,800 Speaker 1: it's it's really interesting and I have so many questions 464 00:29:54,000 --> 00:29:57,480 Speaker 1: that obviously I'm gonna have to research about her life. Yeah, 465 00:29:57,680 --> 00:30:01,400 Speaker 1: and there is still his street of her that exists 466 00:30:01,440 --> 00:30:04,479 Speaker 1: in public for us to be able to experience her 467 00:30:04,560 --> 00:30:08,200 Speaker 1: Chinese exclusion at case Foul is in the National Archives 468 00:30:08,280 --> 00:30:11,440 Speaker 1: in New York City and the post Office in Chinatown 469 00:30:11,960 --> 00:30:15,760 Speaker 1: was dedicated to her in it's called the Maple Lee 470 00:30:15,880 --> 00:30:20,000 Speaker 1: Memorial Post Office. Now her work has been acknowledged in 471 00:30:20,040 --> 00:30:23,520 Speaker 1: the city and that's always a good thing. Yes, that's 472 00:30:23,520 --> 00:30:26,000 Speaker 1: good to hear. And like I said, I'm always so 473 00:30:26,040 --> 00:30:28,160 Speaker 1: happy that you bring stories because I hadn't heard of her, 474 00:30:29,120 --> 00:30:31,720 Speaker 1: and it's I love that there's an information. If you 475 00:30:31,760 --> 00:30:33,440 Speaker 1: want to know more, there is stuff that you can 476 00:30:33,480 --> 00:30:37,120 Speaker 1: find online. So that's always nice, right, And I would 477 00:30:37,160 --> 00:30:40,560 Speaker 1: say as an Asian woman, like I'm not Chinese, i 478 00:30:40,600 --> 00:30:43,200 Speaker 1: am absolutely Korean, but you know in my mind, like 479 00:30:43,440 --> 00:30:46,800 Speaker 1: my family name is Lee, so there may be a connection. 480 00:30:47,240 --> 00:30:50,960 Speaker 1: Not really, but we know, but it is something to see, 481 00:30:51,000 --> 00:30:53,680 Speaker 1: Like it is nice to see representation like that at 482 00:30:53,680 --> 00:30:56,720 Speaker 1: the time, Uh that I don't know, I don't know obviously, 483 00:30:56,680 --> 00:30:58,360 Speaker 1: it makes me said that I didn't know her history, 484 00:30:58,400 --> 00:31:00,640 Speaker 1: and I really wish I had been to see that 485 00:31:01,200 --> 00:31:03,880 Speaker 1: as someone that could have been influential, be like, wow, 486 00:31:04,240 --> 00:31:08,360 Speaker 1: here's someone who at least looked like me a little bit, 487 00:31:08,800 --> 00:31:11,040 Speaker 1: even though we're not the same ethnicity. That is an 488 00:31:11,040 --> 00:31:14,280 Speaker 1: inspiration to what has happened and was a part of 489 00:31:14,320 --> 00:31:17,400 Speaker 1: history and making history happen and continuing to fight in 490 00:31:17,440 --> 00:31:20,200 Speaker 1: that and being a representative. It's it's nice to see 491 00:31:20,320 --> 00:31:22,600 Speaker 1: and I'm so excited that you were able to bring 492 00:31:22,640 --> 00:31:25,560 Speaker 1: that to us because I honestly had no idea about her, 493 00:31:25,560 --> 00:31:27,920 Speaker 1: and I feel really shame. It's a shame that I 494 00:31:27,960 --> 00:31:31,680 Speaker 1: didn't know anything about her. Don't feel ashamed, it's I mean, 495 00:31:32,600 --> 00:31:35,200 Speaker 1: it's not a bad thing to not know about everybody 496 00:31:35,200 --> 00:31:38,120 Speaker 1: in the world, and it's a good thing that we 497 00:31:38,160 --> 00:31:41,560 Speaker 1: are able to access this information now. So yeah, I 498 00:31:41,560 --> 00:31:44,640 Speaker 1: hope that other people as well, um, learn something from 499 00:31:44,640 --> 00:31:46,760 Speaker 1: our story and able to dig a little bit deeper 500 00:31:46,760 --> 00:31:51,000 Speaker 1: into it and learn more in general about the history 501 00:31:51,000 --> 00:31:55,880 Speaker 1: of Chinese Americans in the United States, and about who 502 00:31:56,160 --> 00:32:00,400 Speaker 1: was involved in the breath and expansiveness of who was 503 00:32:00,480 --> 00:32:06,480 Speaker 1: involved in enfranchisement, and and the work that people did 504 00:32:06,600 --> 00:32:10,640 Speaker 1: for gaining more rights and self advocacy in in the 505 00:32:10,680 --> 00:32:15,719 Speaker 1: United States. Yes, so well said, as always used. Um, 506 00:32:16,640 --> 00:32:19,400 Speaker 1: is there anything else to add before we wrap up here? No, 507 00:32:19,600 --> 00:32:22,560 Speaker 1: that's all I got today. Well, thanks as always for 508 00:32:22,720 --> 00:32:27,040 Speaker 1: joining us and bringing us these amazing stories. Where can 509 00:32:27,280 --> 00:32:30,560 Speaker 1: the good listeners find you? Y'all can find me online 510 00:32:30,880 --> 00:32:34,120 Speaker 1: on Instagram at not Apologizing. You can also find me 511 00:32:34,160 --> 00:32:37,560 Speaker 1: on Twitter at Eaves Jeff co and you can find 512 00:32:37,560 --> 00:32:40,880 Speaker 1: more of my work at east dot com. Yes, and 513 00:32:41,120 --> 00:32:46,960 Speaker 1: here on sminty. Many many more episodes, dozens, right, dozens 514 00:32:46,960 --> 00:32:50,760 Speaker 1: of episodes. Oh, I think we're approaching That's what I'm saying, 515 00:32:50,840 --> 00:32:56,160 Speaker 1: because I want another celebration. Yeah. So many more episodes 516 00:32:56,200 --> 00:32:59,120 Speaker 1: of female First where you can learn about other people 517 00:32:59,120 --> 00:33:05,160 Speaker 1: in history. He did things that we're super important and 518 00:33:05,280 --> 00:33:12,160 Speaker 1: super meaningful in various histories around the world. Yes, yes, 519 00:33:12,560 --> 00:33:16,200 Speaker 1: we always love these episodes, so please check them out 520 00:33:16,200 --> 00:33:19,320 Speaker 1: if you somehow miss them listeners, and if you would 521 00:33:19,360 --> 00:33:22,760 Speaker 1: like to contact us, you can. Our email is Stuff 522 00:33:22,760 --> 00:33:24,760 Speaker 1: Media mom Stuff at heart dot com. You can find 523 00:33:24,800 --> 00:33:26,840 Speaker 1: us on Twitter at mom Stuff podcast or on Instagram 524 00:33:26,880 --> 00:33:28,720 Speaker 1: and stuff I've Never Told You Things. As always to 525 00:33:28,760 --> 00:33:31,560 Speaker 1: our super producer Christina, thank you and thanks to you 526 00:33:31,600 --> 00:33:33,600 Speaker 1: for listening Stuff when Never told you his protection by 527 00:33:33,640 --> 00:33:35,480 Speaker 1: Heart Radio. For more podcast in my Heart Radio is 528 00:33:35,560 --> 00:33:37,640 Speaker 1: at the Heart Radio app, Apple podcast or revery listen 529 00:33:37,720 --> 00:33:38,560 Speaker 1: to your favorite shows