WEBVTT - Gluttony Revisited 0:00:03.120 --> 0:00:06.000 Welcome to Stuff to Blow Your Mind from how Stuff 0:00:06.000 --> 0:00:14.520 Works dot com. Hey, wasn't it stuff to Blow your Mind? 0:00:14.560 --> 0:00:17.159 My name is Robert Lamb and I'm Julie Douglas, and 0:00:17.200 --> 0:00:20.319 it is Thanksgiving two and so we would like to 0:00:20.360 --> 0:00:23.040 revisit a past episode for you today. That's right. It 0:00:23.200 --> 0:00:27.520 is one of the seven Deadly sinned gluttony. And if 0:00:27.600 --> 0:00:29.520 you do not live here in the United States, or 0:00:29.560 --> 0:00:34.320 if you're just not celebrating Thanksgiving, just luxuriate in the 0:00:34.360 --> 0:00:36.200 fact that it is one of the seven Deadly sins. 0:00:36.240 --> 0:00:41.000 And there's lots of really interesting information about food, diet, 0:00:41.080 --> 0:00:44.239 the way that your body responds to food. Yeah, this 0:00:44.320 --> 0:00:45.800 was an episode that we did as part of our 0:00:45.880 --> 0:00:48.600 Seven Deadly series where we took each of the seven 0:00:48.600 --> 0:00:51.760 Deadly sins and we looked at some of the scientific 0:00:51.760 --> 0:00:56.000 research behind that topic. Creed, wrath of lust, what have you. 0:00:56.200 --> 0:00:57.720 We had all seven of them, and this was just 0:00:57.840 --> 0:01:00.480 one page. But it's one page that's deaf only worth 0:01:00.520 --> 0:01:04.080 revisiting for the most glaton talk, at least in the 0:01:04.080 --> 0:01:07.880 American tradition. So we thought you guys might enjoy this today. 0:01:08.160 --> 0:01:10.240 Um again, if you're in the United States, you're listening 0:01:10.240 --> 0:01:12.000 to us, and you're listening and thinks, I think, happy 0:01:12.040 --> 0:01:16.200 Thanksgiving and thanks to everybody. We appreciate you. This is 0:01:16.240 --> 0:01:17.920 if we were going around the dinner table right now, 0:01:17.959 --> 0:01:20.840 we'd say thank you, thanks for our stuff to blow 0:01:20.840 --> 0:01:29.000 your mind listeners because they're awesome. It makes me think 0:01:29.000 --> 0:01:31.520 goes on Futurama. They have there's a robot called Heatonism 0:01:31.520 --> 0:01:34.840 bot and uh. He his legs are the legs of 0:01:34.880 --> 0:01:37.640 like a reclining chair. It's like in a reclining state 0:01:37.680 --> 0:01:40.160 with a bowl of grapes on his chest and has 0:01:40.200 --> 0:01:42.840 a very Roman air to him. But yeah, so so 0:01:42.880 --> 0:01:45.560 gluttony is is the sin that's typically associated with like 0:01:45.600 --> 0:01:50.000 massive consumptions of food, being really into food, enormous feasts, 0:01:50.000 --> 0:01:53.800 feast without end and uh. If we look to the 0:01:53.800 --> 0:01:58.000 pages of Dante's Divine Comedy, we see we see gluttony 0:01:58.080 --> 0:02:01.080 show up in both Inferno and purgatory. An inferno the 0:02:01.120 --> 0:02:03.720 pit of the eternal suffering. At the center of the planet. 0:02:04.160 --> 0:02:06.680 We see a circle. This is the third circle guarded 0:02:06.720 --> 0:02:09.960 by Sarabus, the three headed dog. You know, the dog 0:02:10.040 --> 0:02:12.480 is a good symbol of gluttony. So, and a dog 0:02:12.520 --> 0:02:16.280 with three mouths let's like triple glutton eia. But but 0:02:16.320 --> 0:02:18.679 in this circle, it's it's kind of interesting because it's 0:02:18.680 --> 0:02:21.440 not what if you're not familiar with Dante, it's it's 0:02:21.440 --> 0:02:24.920 not quite what you might imagine for a punishment of gluttons. 0:02:25.280 --> 0:02:28.400 Uh all right. So you have rain hale and snow 0:02:28.520 --> 0:02:31.920 falling just like crazy rain hale and snow, all right, 0:02:32.000 --> 0:02:35.440 and it's just pummeling the gluttons who are just they're 0:02:35.480 --> 0:02:37.400 just like held to the ground by it. And there's 0:02:37.440 --> 0:02:40.520 just mud everywhere, so they're they're wallowing like pigs in 0:02:40.600 --> 0:02:42.960 this mud that's kind of that may or may not 0:02:43.040 --> 0:02:47.799 be excrement. There's that they're described in very dog like terms. 0:02:48.000 --> 0:02:50.760 And so this is where the gluttons are punished. Um 0:02:50.800 --> 0:02:52.680 and but that is part of the human condition, right 0:02:52.720 --> 0:02:56.760 and um as uh worth Well says, Gluttony is not 0:02:56.840 --> 0:02:59.480 a secret vice. You can see it all over you 0:03:00.040 --> 0:03:01.760 and on the surface. You know, we discussed in the 0:03:01.760 --> 0:03:04.320 past with the most recent one, we did envy, and 0:03:04.400 --> 0:03:07.520 we're talking about how India is not a fun sin. 0:03:08.560 --> 0:03:11.080 Gluttony is is one that, at least on the surface, 0:03:11.160 --> 0:03:14.320 seems a lot more fun because because I mean, I 0:03:14.360 --> 0:03:16.160 don't know about you, But I I really like food, 0:03:16.560 --> 0:03:18.680 Like food is not just something I'm just kind of into. 0:03:18.720 --> 0:03:22.840 I really enjoy an excellent meal. Yeah, yeah, absolutely, And 0:03:22.880 --> 0:03:25.320 we're going to talk about the reason why we really 0:03:25.400 --> 0:03:29.200 really enjoy it, our hardwired ye and to actually over 0:03:29.360 --> 0:03:31.280 enjoy it sometimes. Yeah. And the thing that gets me 0:03:31.840 --> 0:03:34.720 about gluttony is that there's this level of gluttony that 0:03:34.760 --> 0:03:38.360 we encounter an inferno and impurgatory, this this medieval idea 0:03:38.400 --> 0:03:41.200 of just you know, obsessive feasts and all this, but 0:03:41.320 --> 0:03:45.040 there's like a space age level of gluttony that is 0:03:45.080 --> 0:03:47.440 only possible in this day and age. Like it's a 0:03:47.520 --> 0:03:53.320 level of gluttony that was unimagined in Dante's time, well exactly. 0:03:53.360 --> 0:03:56.520 And and and let's even say like Henry the eighth right, 0:03:56.600 --> 0:03:59.760 could that's that's someone who could afford to be gluttonous, right, 0:03:59.760 --> 0:04:02.520 how a bunch of resources? Yeah, he was, finger was 0:04:02.560 --> 0:04:04.600 a master glutton. I would I would imagine it's fair 0:04:04.640 --> 0:04:06.280 to say that. I always think of him with like 0:04:06.360 --> 0:04:09.840 huge turkey legs in both hands, just waving them around. 0:04:10.120 --> 0:04:12.440 But in today's world, we can all be Henry the 0:04:12.440 --> 0:04:15.360 eighth Right. I mean, gluttony is at our fingertips everything 0:04:15.360 --> 0:04:20.640 that we've ever wanted, particularly food wise, um libations available. 0:04:20.680 --> 0:04:22.400 You can at least be a glutton on you can 0:04:22.880 --> 0:04:26.359 as far as bad food goes, you can, and you 0:04:26.400 --> 0:04:29.840 could actually be a professional glutton if you wanted to. 0:04:30.000 --> 0:04:33.680 And this would come into play in competitive eating. Yeah, yeah, 0:04:33.680 --> 0:04:35.920 this is what I'm talking about. Competitive eating. There are 0:04:35.920 --> 0:04:38.480 these different levels of your enjoyment of food. There's sort 0:04:38.480 --> 0:04:41.040 of like, I'm eating because I need nourishment for my body, 0:04:41.360 --> 0:04:44.320 and then there's this level I'm eating because I really 0:04:44.400 --> 0:04:46.919 enjoy these tastes and I enjoy the sensation of eating, 0:04:46.920 --> 0:04:50.479 and I'm I'm enjoying the sound a purely since level. 0:04:51.200 --> 0:04:53.760 But when you start looking at competitive eating, it's it 0:04:53.839 --> 0:04:57.000 seems devoid of either of those things. It is eating 0:04:57.080 --> 0:05:00.880 purely for the act of eating. Like and you hear 0:05:00.960 --> 0:05:02.880 some comments like one of the dudes we're gonna talk 0:05:02.880 --> 0:05:04.440 about here says that he got into it because he 0:05:04.480 --> 0:05:07.120 really likes chicken, and if he really likes that, like 0:05:07.520 --> 0:05:09.240 he likes the flavor of things. But still, there's no 0:05:09.279 --> 0:05:11.800 way you're enjoying the flavor of like thirty eight hot 0:05:11.800 --> 0:05:14.159 dogs in a row, you know, and you're certainly not 0:05:14.200 --> 0:05:17.080 eating that for your your well being. It's something completely 0:05:17.080 --> 0:05:20.640 removed from those two necessities. Well, it's eating to an 0:05:20.680 --> 0:05:24.320 absolute obsessive degree, to the degree um And I think 0:05:24.360 --> 0:05:28.839 most people are familiar with Takaro Kobayashi. He is the 0:05:29.360 --> 0:05:31.000 usually a person that you think of when you think 0:05:31.040 --> 0:05:33.880 about stuffing like three dred and sixty three hot dogs 0:05:33.880 --> 0:05:37.719 in your mouth and under an hour, um and getting 0:05:37.720 --> 0:05:41.800 paid handsomely for it. But who the person we're going 0:05:41.839 --> 0:05:45.279 to talk about today. His name, um, well, actually he 0:05:45.320 --> 0:05:48.320 goes by a wing a door and he just referred 0:05:48.360 --> 0:05:51.800 to him. He his specialty are his chicken chicken wings. 0:05:52.360 --> 0:05:55.160 And there's a documentary film by Errol Morris called l 0:05:55.200 --> 0:05:59.080 Wing a Door and like a seven minute deal. Yeah, 0:05:59.120 --> 0:06:01.440 it's not very long, so actually pretty it's worth checking out. 0:06:01.640 --> 0:06:03.800 Will link to it on the blogs are on the Facebook. 0:06:04.160 --> 0:06:06.240 But it focuses on this five time champion of the 0:06:06.240 --> 0:06:12.960 Philadelphia Wingboll Bill Simmons, and how he prepares for these competitions. 0:06:13.000 --> 0:06:15.880 It's just insane. Yeah. I would be tim to classify 0:06:15.960 --> 0:06:18.920 him as a power glutton. Yeah, yeah, power you can 0:06:18.960 --> 0:06:20.680 think about a power lifter. He has that kind of 0:06:20.720 --> 0:06:25.320 powerlifter vibe. Except he's he's only lifting things enough to 0:06:25.520 --> 0:06:28.359 stuff in his mouth right, right, and stuff to the 0:06:28.480 --> 0:06:33.160 degree that it's just purely unholy, unholy. And they talk 0:06:33.200 --> 0:06:36.000 about this actually in the documentary, to to the extent 0:06:36.240 --> 0:06:39.320 that he says that he has almost accidentally eaten one 0:06:39.400 --> 0:06:41.680 of his digits his fingers. Yeah, like he says that, 0:06:41.720 --> 0:06:44.160 he claims that his hands are covered with scars because 0:06:44.200 --> 0:06:46.400 he'll just he'll get so into the I guess he's 0:06:46.440 --> 0:06:51.240 you know, he's achieving flow. He's a transcendent experience for him. 0:06:51.480 --> 0:06:53.920 But it's to the point where he's biting his hands 0:06:54.600 --> 0:06:58.039 and leaving scars because he's eating chicken wings. And this 0:06:58.480 --> 0:07:02.440 he's a state of mind right, uber focused. Let's talk 0:07:02.440 --> 0:07:06.600 about how he trains. Okay, he eats fifteen pounds of 0:07:06.640 --> 0:07:08.680 food to day when he's training, and he drinks three 0:07:08.760 --> 0:07:11.480 gallons of water day just sending his stomach right at 0:07:11.520 --> 0:07:15.040 the point of that. And ten pounds of tutsie rolls 0:07:15.080 --> 0:07:17.760 a week. Yeah, this was especially grow test because he's 0:07:17.760 --> 0:07:20.200 not just eating one and then swallowing it. Now he's 0:07:20.400 --> 0:07:23.200 he's throwing him in his mouth and forming them into 0:07:23.240 --> 0:07:26.760 a massive baseball sized mass of tutsie rolls a giant 0:07:26.800 --> 0:07:30.160 tutsie roll cut. Is that the word like a like 0:07:30.200 --> 0:07:32.440 a cow choose its cut. Well, then that there's some 0:07:32.520 --> 0:07:35.480 vomiting involved there, he's not doing that, right, Well, we 0:07:35.520 --> 0:07:37.360 don't really know. Well, I mean he's doing some vomiting, 0:07:37.440 --> 0:07:40.000 but not in this situation. So he's he's chewing these 0:07:40.000 --> 0:07:42.640 tutsie rolls up in there, his baseball size mass in 0:07:42.720 --> 0:07:45.440 his mouth and then he swallows that. And he says 0:07:45.440 --> 0:07:48.680 it's all about a strengthening his jaws so that he 0:07:48.720 --> 0:07:52.280 can really chomp and chomp during these competitions, but also 0:07:52.400 --> 0:07:55.960 like widening his esophagus right right, And he likens it 0:07:56.000 --> 0:07:58.880 to a snake swallowing a rat. Yeah, he's like, you know, 0:07:59.000 --> 0:08:01.520 if you're eating for you know, your own enjoyment, then 0:08:01.560 --> 0:08:06.120 you should totally chew your food. But competition it's different. Story, 0:08:06.280 --> 0:08:09.120 Like chewing is for chumps. Yeah, chewing is for chumps. 0:08:09.280 --> 0:08:11.840 And and and not only that, he's such a pro 0:08:12.320 --> 0:08:16.760 that when he masters this, he moves on to dog bones, Yeah, 0:08:17.200 --> 0:08:21.600 masticating them normal when and I'm equating a baseball made 0:08:21.600 --> 0:08:24.760 out of tussi rolls, there's normal human food here. But 0:08:24.760 --> 0:08:27.400 but but this becomes just too mundane for him, so 0:08:27.400 --> 0:08:30.280 he moves on to his dogs chew toys and he 0:08:30.360 --> 0:08:33.559 ends up like, what is a five pound bag competition 0:08:34.240 --> 0:08:38.040 of raw hide bones? Yeah, and he says he claims 0:08:38.080 --> 0:08:39.880 that he never gets full and that he feels that 0:08:39.960 --> 0:08:43.800 he has an eating disorder. Yeah, because five pound bags 0:08:43.880 --> 0:08:45.760 of raw hide bones like these are this. If you've 0:08:45.760 --> 0:08:47.280 ever been around a dog cheeling one of these things, 0:08:47.280 --> 0:08:49.280 these are those things that the dogs chew and it 0:08:49.320 --> 0:08:51.960 makes that loud clacking noise that makes your own teeth hurt. 0:08:52.400 --> 0:08:55.520 That's what this guy works on. Yeah. Yeah, and um 0:08:56.080 --> 0:08:59.040 pops I actually has a really interesting article on competitive 0:08:59.080 --> 0:09:01.960 eating and you're talking about what actually happens when when 0:09:02.040 --> 0:09:04.480 you're doing this to your body. And they say that 0:09:04.600 --> 0:09:07.880 muscle stretch when they relax right in the stomach, and 0:09:07.920 --> 0:09:10.400 when we eat a big meal, our stomach muscles relax 0:09:10.520 --> 0:09:12.320 so much that they send a message to the brain, 0:09:12.360 --> 0:09:14.160 which interprets the signal to me and hey, you've got 0:09:14.160 --> 0:09:16.880 a full belly. Um that our brain stops us from 0:09:16.880 --> 0:09:20.200 eating anymore. That's what normally happens. But they say a 0:09:20.240 --> 0:09:24.880 good training regimen for competitive eating deadens this communication, causing 0:09:24.920 --> 0:09:27.240 the signal to the brain of the brain itself to 0:09:27.280 --> 0:09:30.640 become less responsive to the large volume of food. And 0:09:30.679 --> 0:09:34.360 this is according to Douglas Seidner and the program director 0:09:34.400 --> 0:09:37.120 for Clinical Nutrition at the Cleveland Clinic. So it's kind 0:09:37.120 --> 0:09:40.160 of mind over matter. Yeah, yeah, it's mind over matter, 0:09:41.440 --> 0:09:45.360 mind over mind over anything. That you eat yourself into 0:09:45.600 --> 0:09:49.320 a numbness and you deaden your urge to stop eating, 0:09:50.120 --> 0:09:53.600 which is just incredible, incredible, It's one way way to 0:09:53.600 --> 0:09:57.040 put it. L winged or he's pretty amazing and he 0:09:57.080 --> 0:09:59.720 has some or when he is his I'm not sure 0:09:59.720 --> 0:10:01.760 if he's active at the moment, but when he is active, 0:10:01.800 --> 0:10:05.720 sometimes he is accompanied to the eating platform, gluttony, ringing, 0:10:05.720 --> 0:10:08.040 whatever you wanna call it by he has. He has 0:10:08.080 --> 0:10:10.960 a valets who are called the wing at, the wing at. Yeah, 0:10:11.040 --> 0:10:13.320 so if anyone is particularly taken with this man, you 0:10:13.360 --> 0:10:15.280 can probably get in touch with them and see about 0:10:15.320 --> 0:10:19.200 becoming a wing at and be one of his wing women. Yes, yeah, 0:10:19.200 --> 0:10:20.720 And that not only do they cheer for him, that 0:10:20.760 --> 0:10:24.640 they actually sort of ore backup counters for him, right, 0:10:24.760 --> 0:10:27.600 don't they sort of? From from what I remember, they 0:10:27.640 --> 0:10:30.280 actually are counting the amount of food items that he's 0:10:30.480 --> 0:10:34.800 stuffing down his goalet and helping to corroborate his win. Yeah, 0:10:34.840 --> 0:10:37.000 because you're gonna need somebody to keep track of that. 0:10:37.080 --> 0:10:39.600 I mean like when I'm swimming or doing yoga. You know, 0:10:39.640 --> 0:10:41.440 it's like I can't keep track of how many laps 0:10:41.520 --> 0:10:43.240 or how many some citations I've done. It's like I 0:10:43.280 --> 0:10:45.560 need somebody else to tell me. Now we're at number 0:10:45.559 --> 0:10:48.319 five because I'm gonna get wrong. So you need some lambts. Yeah, 0:10:48.640 --> 0:10:51.840 I need some to keep to keep track. But the 0:10:51.840 --> 0:10:54.040 reason why I bring it competitive eating is because this 0:10:54.160 --> 0:10:57.320 actually sort of informs the conversation on gluttony and not 0:10:57.400 --> 0:11:02.120 only just gluttony, but obesity and um, how our body 0:11:02.120 --> 0:11:06.720 actually responds to eating. This is really pretty fascinating. Physician 0:11:06.840 --> 0:11:10.840 Jene Jack Wang of Brookhaven National Laboratory and his colleague 0:11:10.920 --> 0:11:15.120 Nora Volcyl observed that ABC and drug addiction alter the 0:11:15.200 --> 0:11:19.280 same brain circuits UH. In their studies, Wang and Volcal 0:11:19.400 --> 0:11:22.240 found that both drug addicts and obese people are usually 0:11:22.320 --> 0:11:26.120 less sensitive to dopamine's rewarding effects. So as we all 0:11:26.160 --> 0:11:29.839 remember dopamine as a neurotransmitter and delivers the high that 0:11:29.880 --> 0:11:33.600 we feel, um our brain perceives and we eat food 0:11:34.000 --> 0:11:37.439 or we were to say if you have drug addic 0:11:37.559 --> 0:11:41.480 or to have some cocaine. Um. So this means that 0:11:41.520 --> 0:11:45.920 both drug addicts and um obese people have to chase 0:11:46.000 --> 0:11:48.600 after a stronger dose of food or drugs in order 0:11:48.640 --> 0:11:50.880 to get a decent bump of that dopamine. Yes, that 0:11:50.920 --> 0:11:53.640 whole trait chasing the dragon type thing. We've all heard 0:11:53.640 --> 0:11:57.000 examples of it with like an extreme case like like heroin, 0:11:57.080 --> 0:12:00.840 where you an individual individual have that first uh taste 0:12:00.840 --> 0:12:05.439 of heroin and it'll be this amazing, just overpowering experience, 0:12:05.440 --> 0:12:07.800 but they never get that same experience again like the 0:12:07.840 --> 0:12:10.760 rest of their lives then is assuming they I mean 0:12:10.920 --> 0:12:13.079 and hopefully they're able to get away from it, but 0:12:13.080 --> 0:12:15.160 if they don't, the rest of their lives is about 0:12:15.240 --> 0:12:17.960 chasing that high, chasing that that dragon that they met 0:12:18.000 --> 0:12:20.160 that first time. Right, And it's really interesting to see 0:12:20.160 --> 0:12:22.720 this in food and obesity and and see that this 0:12:22.920 --> 0:12:29.240 increased or excessive stimulation just creates more decent citation with dopamine. 0:12:29.640 --> 0:12:32.240 And then yeah, again that vicious circle kicks in and 0:12:32.400 --> 0:12:35.560 you've got increased desire and decreased payoff. At the same time. 0:12:35.760 --> 0:12:37.400 I have to say I did have a really good 0:12:37.520 --> 0:12:39.760 like brunch sandwich of this place, and then they caught 0:12:39.760 --> 0:12:42.160 it a Napoleon complex. I don't know why, but but 0:12:42.240 --> 0:12:47.040 it had breathe and uh bacon or Canadian bacon, I'm 0:12:47.040 --> 0:12:48.920 not sure, like fig spread and it sound like this 0:12:49.040 --> 0:12:51.520 really nice toasted bread. The first time I had it 0:12:51.559 --> 0:12:53.319 was amazing, and then I went back to have it 0:12:53.360 --> 0:12:55.040 again and it was it was, it was all right, 0:12:55.600 --> 0:12:58.240 and then just like each time, it's like a little 0:12:58.800 --> 0:13:03.520 a little further removed that original experience. My own meager 0:13:04.040 --> 0:13:08.080 comparison to that was the sandwich on stilts or something. No, 0:13:08.440 --> 0:13:09.959 I'm just trying to figure out why they're telling it 0:13:10.000 --> 0:13:13.320 that the Napoleon. I don't know. It's really one time 0:13:13.360 --> 0:13:14.640 I had to order it and there was a short 0:13:14.679 --> 0:13:16.240 person at the table and it was really kind of 0:13:16.280 --> 0:13:19.439 weird because I was like, I'll have that sandwich. You know, 0:13:19.800 --> 0:13:22.880 you just made it even more like yeah, even more 0:13:22.880 --> 0:13:26.280 of a server was like what sandwich that sandwich of 0:13:26.320 --> 0:13:30.360 the Napoleon, the really short one serve on stilts. To 0:13:30.400 --> 0:13:33.079 make it feel better, it would be cool if it 0:13:33.120 --> 0:13:36.079 were on stilts. Well yeah, My point is the sandwich 0:13:36.120 --> 0:13:40.320 was dope, and that it actually I mean yeah, nice, 0:13:40.520 --> 0:13:44.160 nicely done. So, um, Whang looks into this problem of 0:13:44.200 --> 0:13:48.080 obesity and addiction, and he actually asked him of his 0:13:48.160 --> 0:13:50.920 volunteers in a study to come hungry. Oh, is this 0:13:51.040 --> 0:13:55.440 the torture experiment? Horrible? It's horrible. He asked them to 0:13:55.440 --> 0:13:58.959 describe their favorite meals while he heats up that meal 0:13:59.240 --> 0:14:03.120 in a nearby microwave so that the waft of the 0:14:03.160 --> 0:14:05.880 smell of it, let's say, the Napoleon sandwich is clearly 0:14:05.960 --> 0:14:09.440 being transmitted to their brains. And then they show a 0:14:09.520 --> 0:14:13.400 pet scan of the volunteers brains during this whole process, 0:14:13.480 --> 0:14:15.560 and they see that the motivation part of their brain 0:14:15.720 --> 0:14:20.120 goes nuts okay, and then the orbital frontal cortex, which 0:14:20.160 --> 0:14:23.720 is implicated in a decision making, also lights up. And 0:14:23.760 --> 0:14:26.480 then they find that in the brains of obese people, 0:14:26.520 --> 0:14:29.520 the regions that regulate sensory information from the mouth and 0:14:29.560 --> 0:14:32.560 the tongue are even more active than than other people. 0:14:33.440 --> 0:14:37.600 And they figure out that sensory processing is elevated. Um, 0:14:37.600 --> 0:14:39.840 this is the oh that tastes good part, right, but 0:14:39.880 --> 0:14:42.800 the reward sensitivity is a lower So now this reminds 0:14:42.800 --> 0:14:46.880 me a lot of our podcast about children and Halloween. 0:14:46.920 --> 0:14:50.440 Candy and about how children experience sugar, you know, in 0:14:50.440 --> 0:14:53.680 a kind of different sensory realm than adults do and 0:14:53.680 --> 0:14:57.320 than most adults do. And in this experiment really highlights 0:14:57.360 --> 0:15:00.640 this this idea that that obese and of Jules or 0:15:00.680 --> 0:15:03.760 individuals with this sort of with this heightened appetite. I mean, 0:15:03.840 --> 0:15:06.360 they are experiencing the food in a different way, which 0:15:06.360 --> 0:15:09.040 which is which I think is a helpful way to 0:15:09.080 --> 0:15:11.080 look at it, because it's easy for someone to to 0:15:11.600 --> 0:15:14.760 look at someone else's problems with food um and or 0:15:14.840 --> 0:15:17.120 weight and say, oh, what's the matter with you? Why 0:15:17.120 --> 0:15:19.240 can't you control yourself? Why why don't you just one 0:15:19.280 --> 0:15:21.960 slip the pizza instead of four? You know, But but 0:15:22.160 --> 0:15:23.920 if you if you think of it in terms of 0:15:23.960 --> 0:15:27.280 a different sensory experience, it becomes harder to really have 0:15:27.320 --> 0:15:30.440 that kind of judgmental attitude. I think, yeah, absolutely, I 0:15:30.440 --> 0:15:33.640 mean understanding that the brain is actually getting rewired so 0:15:33.680 --> 0:15:37.440 that it has less control um in these situations. And 0:15:37.440 --> 0:15:40.000 in fact, this was explored even more by a New 0:15:40.080 --> 0:15:42.680 York Time short are called called the fat Trap, and 0:15:42.840 --> 0:15:47.160 what they found is that weight loss and weight control depends. 0:15:47.440 --> 0:15:49.640 It still depends, of course, on the simple equation of 0:15:49.760 --> 0:15:52.520 eat less and exercise more, right, But for some people 0:15:52.600 --> 0:15:55.240 it's a lot more complicated. Right, So we talked about 0:15:55.240 --> 0:15:58.520 the brain being changed in that instance. Um. They were 0:15:58.560 --> 0:16:01.560 talking in This are All The Fat Trap about something 0:16:01.560 --> 0:16:05.560 called post diet syndrome. And it's essentially a state that 0:16:05.600 --> 0:16:08.280 your body enters once it's lost at least ten percent 0:16:08.320 --> 0:16:13.120 of its body weight. It becomes biologically altered. It's really fascinating. 0:16:13.120 --> 0:16:16.600 There's a guy named Joseph Proyeto and he's a physician 0:16:16.640 --> 0:16:19.080 of the University of Melbourne, and he kept wondering why 0:16:19.120 --> 0:16:22.320 his really really motivated and committed patients would gain back 0:16:22.360 --> 0:16:25.440 at least eleven pounds of the on average thirty pounds 0:16:25.440 --> 0:16:29.560 that they had lost. And these guys were like super diligent. Um. 0:16:30.040 --> 0:16:34.640 The patients that he was working with, they had food diaries, Um, 0:16:34.720 --> 0:16:37.880 they still exercise, they did all of this stuff. Um. 0:16:37.960 --> 0:16:40.760 And they were on a localori diet essentially at first. 0:16:41.240 --> 0:16:42.720 But you know, they followed up with him for a 0:16:42.720 --> 0:16:44.720 full year and he kept thinking to himself, why do 0:16:44.800 --> 0:16:49.360 they keep gaining this back? Um? And journalist Tara Parker Pope, 0:16:49.400 --> 0:16:52.400 who wrote The Fat Trap, started to think about this too. 0:16:52.400 --> 0:16:55.400 In her the context of her own life, and she 0:16:55.440 --> 0:16:58.200 started to look at all these different factors um that 0:16:58.240 --> 0:17:01.360 could be responsible for the never ability of weight gain. 0:17:01.800 --> 0:17:03.320 All right, Hey, we're gonna take a quick break and 0:17:03.360 --> 0:17:15.120 when we come back more glutton. All Right, we're back 0:17:15.359 --> 0:17:20.320 talking about the post diet syndrome. The body has has 0:17:20.359 --> 0:17:22.879 realized that something is a miss, and it's trying to 0:17:23.720 --> 0:17:27.440 replenish the stores and it breaks down in some interesting way. 0:17:27.440 --> 0:17:30.480 It's the research has found that there's a gastric hormone 0:17:30.840 --> 0:17:34.520 called grilling, often dubbed the hunger hormone, and it's about higher. 0:17:34.600 --> 0:17:38.359 There's another hormone associated with suppressing hunger called peptide double y, 0:17:38.960 --> 0:17:42.320 and it also ends up leveling out pretty low. Levels 0:17:42.359 --> 0:17:45.600 of leptin, a hormone that suppresses hunger and increases metabolism, 0:17:45.600 --> 0:17:48.440 also remain lower than expected. And then you have a 0:17:48.440 --> 0:17:50.560 whole host of other hormones that are associated with hunger 0:17:50.640 --> 0:17:55.520 metabolism and they're all significantly changed compared to pre dieting levels. Yeah, 0:17:55.520 --> 0:17:59.719 it's sort of cocktail that your cocktails of hormones um 0:17:59.840 --> 0:18:02.640 that get messed with in this post diet state, right, 0:18:02.760 --> 0:18:06.879 so that that graylon is higher, that hormone that tells 0:18:06.920 --> 0:18:10.840 you that you're hungry, so you're more activated in terms 0:18:10.920 --> 0:18:13.200 of like, hey, I'm feeling kind of hungry in your 0:18:13.200 --> 0:18:16.320 post diet scenario. And again the left in and the 0:18:16.359 --> 0:18:20.480 peptide why why are both decreased, and those are the 0:18:20.520 --> 0:18:24.320 things that helps suppress your appetite. Another odd finding is 0:18:24.400 --> 0:18:27.639 that in some post diet subjects, muscle fibers were acting 0:18:27.720 --> 0:18:31.439 like slow twitch muscles, and slow twitch muscles are are 0:18:31.440 --> 0:18:36.080 actually responsible for less burned calories, So you're seeing this 0:18:36.800 --> 0:18:40.479 other weirdness happening in the post diet scenario. And then 0:18:40.520 --> 0:18:43.360 there's again going back to the brains with post dieters 0:18:43.480 --> 0:18:46.720 um They were studied by researchers Rudolph Libel and Michael 0:18:46.800 --> 0:18:50.720 Rosenbaum at Columbia University, and f m r I was 0:18:50.800 --> 0:18:52.919 used to track the brain patterns of people before and 0:18:52.960 --> 0:18:55.680 after weight loss while they looked at objects like grapes, 0:18:56.000 --> 0:19:00.159 gummy bears, chocolate, broccoli, cell phones, and you yos to 0:19:00.200 --> 0:19:02.919 put in a couple of non food items right and 0:19:03.000 --> 0:19:05.399 after weight loss. When the dieter looked at food, the 0:19:05.840 --> 0:19:07.879 scan showed a bigger response in the parts of the 0:19:07.880 --> 0:19:10.600 brain associated with reward and a lower response in the 0:19:10.600 --> 0:19:13.000 areas associated with control. Again, that's the same thing that 0:19:13.000 --> 0:19:15.760 we were talking about before, and the implication is that 0:19:15.800 --> 0:19:18.800 the body induces cravings by making the person feel more 0:19:18.840 --> 0:19:22.639 excited about food and giving him her less willpower to 0:19:22.720 --> 0:19:26.439 resist high calorie treat the body wants to reset at 0:19:26.480 --> 0:19:29.960 the higher weight. So I mean, how this actually susses 0:19:29.960 --> 0:19:32.320 out is that it really gives someone who's in a 0:19:32.400 --> 0:19:36.240 post diet scenario caloric disadvantage. And what I mean by 0:19:36.240 --> 0:19:39.520 that is that you could be subject a for instance, 0:19:39.560 --> 0:19:43.200 who is two hundred and thirty pounds and you're eating 0:19:43.240 --> 0:19:45.800 three thousand pounds or three thousand pounds. That's a lot, 0:19:45.800 --> 0:19:48.399 that's even more than l winger door um three thousand 0:19:48.400 --> 0:19:51.240 calories a day. But then you drop down to one 0:19:51.760 --> 0:19:54.600 and in order to maintain a weight of a hundred 0:19:54.600 --> 0:19:58.760 and ninety pounds, you eat twenty three hundred calories a day. 0:19:59.680 --> 0:20:02.920 You're counterpart who has not been in a dieting scenario 0:20:03.000 --> 0:20:06.200 who is weighs a d nine pounds, actually could have 0:20:06.359 --> 0:20:09.320 two hundred and fifty to four hundred calories more per 0:20:09.359 --> 0:20:13.080 day than you to just maintain their weight. So that's 0:20:13.080 --> 0:20:15.320 what this is. This is how this is all sort 0:20:15.359 --> 0:20:18.159 of shuffling out, is that you know, when you're in 0:20:18.200 --> 0:20:21.040 this post diet state, which by the way, it could 0:20:21.119 --> 0:20:24.520 last up to six years. Um, your body really is 0:20:24.520 --> 0:20:27.400 not going to burn as many calories and automatically wants 0:20:27.400 --> 0:20:31.159 you to reset as opposed to your your your counterpoint 0:20:31.160 --> 0:20:34.639 who isn't dieting at that same weight, So you have 0:20:34.720 --> 0:20:37.440 to burn more and more calories. And this, I think 0:20:37.560 --> 0:20:40.520 is the sticking point of why people continue to creep 0:20:40.600 --> 0:20:42.600 up on the scales throughout their lives or yo yo 0:20:42.680 --> 0:20:46.680 diet because your your body is sort of working against you. Yeah, 0:20:46.720 --> 0:20:49.040 and it really it really becomes an issue of like 0:20:49.280 --> 0:20:51.800 sort of me versus body and which is which is 0:20:51.840 --> 0:20:55.040 kind of a false idea because we are our bodies 0:20:55.080 --> 0:20:58.000 and as we discussed before, what our guts doing affects 0:20:58.000 --> 0:21:00.159 what our brain is doing to a level the you 0:21:00.200 --> 0:21:02.880 can't just cut one off from the other. But it's 0:21:02.880 --> 0:21:06.280 also not the situation of, um, I am you know 0:21:06.320 --> 0:21:08.160 this is all about me, I am going to lose 0:21:08.160 --> 0:21:10.520 this weight. It becomes this this knee and what I 0:21:10.600 --> 0:21:13.720 want versus the needs of my body and the the 0:21:13.760 --> 0:21:15.920 sort of the ideas of my body and it's not 0:21:15.960 --> 0:21:17.840 our body just trying to be terrible to us. I 0:21:17.840 --> 0:21:21.199 mean how we evolved, right, Like we have these you know, 0:21:21.480 --> 0:21:24.760 big thick brains that require a lot of energy. It's 0:21:24.800 --> 0:21:27.119