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Speaker 1: This Day in History Class is a production of I

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Speaker 1: Heart Radio. Welcome to This Day in History Class, where

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Speaker 1: History waits for no One. Today is July nineteen nineteen.

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Speaker 1: The day was July nineteenth, nineteen nineteen. One of the

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Speaker 1: most infamous race riots that happened during Red Summer began

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Speaker 1: in Washington, d C. Red Summer, a term coined by

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Speaker 1: author and activist James Wildon Johnson, was a particularly violent

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Speaker 1: period in the US in nineteen nineteen. The time was

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Speaker 1: characterized by a bunch of social and political change and unrest.

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Speaker 1: Black people were moving from the South to the North

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Speaker 1: in search of work in a better life, though when

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Speaker 1: they got there they found that they were still subject

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Speaker 1: to racial persecution and employment to scrimination, and Black people

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Speaker 1: who had fought in World War One were returning home

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Speaker 1: with the desire to fight for equal rights and freedom

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Speaker 1: on their own soil. And as the Red Scare encouraged,

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Speaker 1: a fear of radicalism and revolution, nationalism and xenophobia were

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Speaker 1: heightened in the US. These were some of the big

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Speaker 1: issues that led to Red Summer. Several months in nineteen nineteen,

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Speaker 1: when white supremacists attacked black people throughout the country. Bunchings

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Speaker 1: made up a big part of the anti black violence

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Speaker 1: that occurred that year. On May second, a mob of

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Speaker 1: at least one hundred white men brutally killed a black

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Speaker 1: man named Binny Richards for allegedly injuring a white sheriff

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Speaker 1: and other white men. On the fourteenth of May, in Vicksburg, Mississippi,

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Speaker 1: a mob of eight hundred to a thousand people hanged

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Speaker 1: a man named Lloyd Clay over a bonfire and shot

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Speaker 1: him for being accused of assaulting a woman named Maddie Hudson,

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Speaker 1: who had previously said Clay was not a man who

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Speaker 1: assaulted her. On June, a mob lynched John Hartfield and Ellisville, Mississippi,

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Speaker 1: because they claimed he had raped a white woman, though

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Speaker 1: John's family said it was because he was dating a

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Speaker 1: white woman and really a fighter. Robert Crosky and Will

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Speaker 1: Temple were lynched in Montgomery, Alabama, on September. Those are

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Speaker 1: just some of the eighty three recorded lynchings that were

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Speaker 1: committed in the summer and fall of nineteen nineteen. Red

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Speaker 1: Summer was also marked by race riots, where white mobs

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Speaker 1: would attack black people in their neighborhoods. As with lynchings,

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Speaker 1: this mass violence was sometimes committed under the guise that

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Speaker 1: black people had done something wrong and deserved punishment, though

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Speaker 1: the accusations were often just made up or plainly harmless,

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Speaker 1: like smoking in front of a white woman. There were

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Speaker 1: at least twenty six recorded riots in the southern, Northern,

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Speaker 1: and Midwestern states from April to November of nineteen nineteen.

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Speaker 1: One of the major riots that had been during Red

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Speaker 1: Summer was in Washington, d C. On July nineteen, when

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Speaker 1: a black man was released after he was arrested for

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Speaker 1: being suspected of assaulting a white woman. A mob of

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Speaker 1: about four hundred people attacked black residents in Washington neighborhoods randomly.

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Speaker 1: When the cops showed up, they mainly arrested the people

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Speaker 1: who have been attacked. Rioting lasted for days, and black

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Speaker 1: people armed themselves and fought back. Though President Woodrow Wilson

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Speaker 1: sent troops to d C, dozens of people have been

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Speaker 1: killed and more were injured. Days after the DC riot

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Speaker 1: ended on July f a ryan in Chicago began after

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Speaker 1: a conflict broke out an unofficially segregated public swimming area.

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Speaker 1: The incident sparked violence across the city that petered out

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Speaker 1: on August three, after thirty eight people have been killed

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Speaker 1: and five hundred and thirty seven had been injured. Though

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Speaker 1: it's been Red Summer, the increased pattern of violence did

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Speaker 1: not slow down until the fall. Racist violence continue, but

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Speaker 1: leaders began condemning it and the people who committed it,

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Speaker 1: and the press became a little less aggressive with this.

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Speaker 1: Anti black propaganda organizations also worked on improving race relations.

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Speaker 1: So many of the incidents that happened during Red Summer

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Speaker 1: are well documented. Many others have no official records or

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Speaker 1: had no investigations and are not documented in detail if

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Speaker 1: at all. I'm Eves Jeff Coo, and hopefully you know

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Speaker 1: a little more about history today than you did yesterday.

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Speaker 1: If you like to learn more about this topic, you

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Speaker 1: can check out the episode of Stuff You Missed in

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Speaker 1: History Class called Red Summer nineteen nineteen. You can find

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Speaker 1: the link in the description. If you haven't gotten your

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Speaker 1: fill of history after listening to today's episode, you can

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Speaker 1: follow us on Twitter, Instagram, and Facebook at t D

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Speaker 1: I h C podcast. Thanks again for listening, and we'll

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Speaker 1: see you tomorrow. For more podcasts from I Heart Radio,

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