1 00:00:07,040 --> 00:00:10,880 Speaker 1: Hey, everybody, Welcome to Creature feature the podcast where we 2 00:00:10,960 --> 00:00:14,280 Speaker 1: mix some animal brains some human brains in Vermouth and 3 00:00:14,360 --> 00:00:18,400 Speaker 1: make a delicious cocktail called Life. I'm Katie Golden. I 4 00:00:18,440 --> 00:00:22,360 Speaker 1: studied psychology and evolutionary biology at Harvard, and I fight 5 00:00:22,400 --> 00:00:26,239 Speaker 1: for birds rights on Twitter. Today we're peeking beyond the 6 00:00:26,360 --> 00:00:30,880 Speaker 1: veil at some extrasensory perception that kid who sees dead 7 00:00:30,920 --> 00:00:33,960 Speaker 1: people from the sixth sense is a lame nerd compared 8 00:00:34,000 --> 00:00:37,320 Speaker 1: to our animal contenders, who can smell, taste, and feel 9 00:00:37,440 --> 00:00:40,800 Speaker 1: far beyond the sixth sense. We'll also take a look 10 00:00:40,840 --> 00:00:45,320 Speaker 1: at some human supersensors, including the future of cyborgs and 11 00:00:45,400 --> 00:00:52,400 Speaker 1: a real life daredevil superhero. Are you a supertaster? Do 12 00:00:52,440 --> 00:00:57,760 Speaker 1: you find broccoli, grapefruit, coffee, cabbage, or spinach completely inedible 13 00:00:57,880 --> 00:01:00,560 Speaker 1: because of how better they are? It's so you may 14 00:01:00,600 --> 00:01:03,760 Speaker 1: have more taste buds on average than others, allowing you 15 00:01:03,800 --> 00:01:07,960 Speaker 1: to taste with greater intensity. Specifically, super tasters have greater 16 00:01:08,040 --> 00:01:12,280 Speaker 1: numbers of what are called bungeiform papilla. There these little 17 00:01:12,319 --> 00:01:14,880 Speaker 1: tiny bumps on the surface of the tip of your tongue. 18 00:01:15,240 --> 00:01:19,320 Speaker 1: They're called bungeform because they're shaped like little mushrooms. Inside 19 00:01:19,319 --> 00:01:22,080 Speaker 1: each of the papilla are a cluster of taste buds, 20 00:01:22,120 --> 00:01:25,160 Speaker 1: and each taste bud contains around fifty two a hundred 21 00:01:25,160 --> 00:01:28,560 Speaker 1: and fifty taste receptor cells. So here's how it works. 22 00:01:28,600 --> 00:01:33,039 Speaker 1: These cells specialize in different flavors. Different receptors bind two 23 00:01:33,080 --> 00:01:38,360 Speaker 1: different chemicals that are generally separated into the categories that sweet, salty, sour, bitter, 24 00:01:38,440 --> 00:01:41,200 Speaker 1: and new mommy. You may have been taught about a 25 00:01:41,319 --> 00:01:44,399 Speaker 1: taste map in elementary school that different parts of the 26 00:01:44,440 --> 00:01:49,120 Speaker 1: tongue are responsible for tasting different things like sweet, sour 27 00:01:49,240 --> 00:01:52,360 Speaker 1: or salty. But they lied to you. They lied to 28 00:01:52,360 --> 00:01:55,800 Speaker 1: your sweet innocent child self. The different types of taste 29 00:01:55,800 --> 00:01:59,160 Speaker 1: receptors are found all over the entire tongue and are 30 00:01:59,200 --> 00:02:02,280 Speaker 1: even diverse with in the same taste. But you can 31 00:02:02,280 --> 00:02:04,640 Speaker 1: actually do a fun little experiment to see if you're 32 00:02:04,640 --> 00:02:07,000 Speaker 1: a super taster, which I'm going to inflict on my 33 00:02:07,080 --> 00:02:09,680 Speaker 1: guests in just a minute. Here, coat your tongue in 34 00:02:09,760 --> 00:02:12,679 Speaker 1: blue food, die and admire the fact that you just 35 00:02:12,680 --> 00:02:16,320 Speaker 1: blue yourself. Then get one of those little binder rings 36 00:02:16,520 --> 00:02:18,440 Speaker 1: or use a standard hole punch to make a hole 37 00:02:18,480 --> 00:02:20,680 Speaker 1: in a piece of white paper, hold it up to 38 00:02:20,720 --> 00:02:23,000 Speaker 1: the tip of your blue tongue and now count the 39 00:02:23,040 --> 00:02:26,240 Speaker 1: number of bumps. These are the little fungeiformed papilli that 40 00:02:26,320 --> 00:02:29,720 Speaker 1: we just talked about. Most people will have about fifteen 41 00:02:29,760 --> 00:02:33,920 Speaker 1: to thirty five papillae within that six millimeter diameter circle, 42 00:02:34,440 --> 00:02:38,360 Speaker 1: but supertasters will have thirty five to sixty. And for 43 00:02:38,440 --> 00:02:40,960 Speaker 1: those of you who find you seek out ghost peppers 44 00:02:40,960 --> 00:02:44,320 Speaker 1: and blue cheese, if you counted less than fifteen papilli 45 00:02:44,600 --> 00:02:47,560 Speaker 1: might be what's called a non taster, so you can 46 00:02:47,560 --> 00:02:50,079 Speaker 1: tell your friends you actually have a medical reason why 47 00:02:50,120 --> 00:02:53,760 Speaker 1: you use way too much salt. Joining me today is 48 00:02:53,840 --> 00:02:57,560 Speaker 1: Jamie LOFTUS activist, coder, co host of the Becktail Cast, 49 00:02:57,680 --> 00:03:01,360 Speaker 1: and zamboni expert. I great to have you. Thanks for 50 00:03:01,440 --> 00:03:04,200 Speaker 1: having me, of course. Okay, so I'm just gonna like, 51 00:03:05,240 --> 00:03:07,840 Speaker 1: I'm gonna put my tongue in the blue and then 52 00:03:08,360 --> 00:03:14,239 Speaker 1: I hope it I don't know, I'm panding. I'm gonna 53 00:03:14,840 --> 00:03:20,640 Speaker 1: how you put you put a circle on your tongue, Yeah, 54 00:03:20,680 --> 00:03:23,320 Speaker 1: well on the try to do it like near the tip, 55 00:03:23,320 --> 00:03:25,919 Speaker 1: not on the very tip, but yeah, like near the 56 00:03:25,919 --> 00:03:28,359 Speaker 1: tip because that's where the blue is. Yeah, there you go. 57 00:03:29,080 --> 00:03:36,120 Speaker 1: Um and so uh so, now we've got unfair blue, 58 00:03:36,360 --> 00:03:40,480 Speaker 1: and we have little um circle so that we can 59 00:03:40,560 --> 00:03:45,520 Speaker 1: count the number of papilla within the circle. Jamie is 60 00:03:45,560 --> 00:03:48,680 Speaker 1: really struggling, so I'm going to do her first. All right? 61 00:03:50,520 --> 00:03:55,119 Speaker 1: Is that enough? Yeah? So I've counted the bumps on 62 00:03:55,840 --> 00:04:00,000 Speaker 1: Jamie's tongue. I didn't realize I had such a horrible 63 00:04:00,280 --> 00:04:03,960 Speaker 1: throbbing tongue until you had to keep it out of 64 00:04:04,000 --> 00:04:08,600 Speaker 1: your mouth for drying out of your mouth. So most 65 00:04:08,600 --> 00:04:13,200 Speaker 1: people have fifteen to thirty five pilly within six millimeters 66 00:04:13,280 --> 00:04:16,480 Speaker 1: and you have fourteen, which I mean, I bet if 67 00:04:16,520 --> 00:04:18,480 Speaker 1: we did it a bunch of times, which we're not 68 00:04:18,520 --> 00:04:22,840 Speaker 1: gonna do, you get an average of fifteen at least 69 00:04:22,920 --> 00:04:25,120 Speaker 1: and then maybe more. So you're normal. So I've got 70 00:04:25,600 --> 00:04:29,200 Speaker 1: but like on the lower side. Um well, I mean again, 71 00:04:29,200 --> 00:04:31,839 Speaker 1: we'd have to take an average of your entire tongue. True, 72 00:04:32,080 --> 00:04:35,560 Speaker 1: So I bet you're just completely normal. Okay, my turn, 73 00:04:36,279 --> 00:04:41,440 Speaker 1: your turn, But I gotta re blue. I would go 74 00:04:41,520 --> 00:04:43,760 Speaker 1: for another day. I gotta blew myself again. You got 75 00:04:43,839 --> 00:04:49,039 Speaker 1: to yourself again? There's this uh so wait wait, less 76 00:04:49,080 --> 00:04:53,280 Speaker 1: just means you can so if there's more pilla, can 77 00:04:53,320 --> 00:04:56,680 Speaker 1: you taste? Bet there was? Yeah, more papilla means you 78 00:04:56,680 --> 00:04:59,880 Speaker 1: can taste better. If you count less than fifteen, you're 79 00:05:00,080 --> 00:05:03,240 Speaker 1: non taster. Hell yeah, So that means you can't taste 80 00:05:03,240 --> 00:05:05,960 Speaker 1: as good. Do you like season your food a lot? Yeah? 81 00:05:06,200 --> 00:05:08,880 Speaker 1: Maybe you are on the lower end of tasters. I 82 00:05:09,000 --> 00:05:11,719 Speaker 1: put like, yeah, I put all sorts of fun up 83 00:05:11,760 --> 00:05:17,039 Speaker 1: stood way more salt than most people. Maybe you are. 84 00:05:16,920 --> 00:05:19,440 Speaker 1: It could be that you're like actually sort of on 85 00:05:19,480 --> 00:05:22,360 Speaker 1: the lower end of the taste spectrum. I think that 86 00:05:22,360 --> 00:05:25,479 Speaker 1: that is a superpower because I can eat really shitty 87 00:05:25,520 --> 00:05:33,760 Speaker 1: food all the time. Nice, big, big financial boon. Nice. Yeah. Alright, 88 00:05:33,839 --> 00:05:38,320 Speaker 1: So is my tongue still blue? Yes, Okay, I'm gonna 89 00:05:38,320 --> 00:05:41,400 Speaker 1: put it's on now. Okay, I'm going to get a 90 00:05:41,560 --> 00:05:51,280 Speaker 1: little too close. And I count eighteen, So that wasn't 91 00:05:51,279 --> 00:05:53,479 Speaker 1: the bluest area of your tongue. I would hazard to 92 00:05:53,480 --> 00:05:57,039 Speaker 1: guess there were probably two or three more I didn't see. Okay, Yeah, 93 00:05:57,080 --> 00:06:01,240 Speaker 1: that seems about normal. Okay. Um, it's like fifteen to 94 00:06:01,360 --> 00:06:05,840 Speaker 1: thirty five. Uh and then if you count like, if 95 00:06:05,880 --> 00:06:10,760 Speaker 1: you get thirty five to sixty, you're actually a super taster. So, um, 96 00:06:10,960 --> 00:06:14,480 Speaker 1: is that good? What is that? So? It means that 97 00:06:14,560 --> 00:06:17,880 Speaker 1: you're being helpful. No, No, No, it's it's that you 98 00:06:18,000 --> 00:06:21,120 Speaker 1: have way more papillae than normal, so you're gonna be 99 00:06:21,279 --> 00:06:27,400 Speaker 1: very sensitive to, uh, to taste, so like really bitter flavors. 100 00:06:28,120 --> 00:06:31,200 Speaker 1: And I've wondered if I'm a super taster because I'm 101 00:06:31,279 --> 00:06:34,040 Speaker 1: very sensitive to taste, but I've suspected that it's not 102 00:06:34,160 --> 00:06:36,760 Speaker 1: so much going on with my tongue, but it's that 103 00:06:36,839 --> 00:06:40,880 Speaker 1: I'm I'm like smell more than normal, and smell has 104 00:06:40,920 --> 00:06:45,320 Speaker 1: a lot to do with taste, So like, uh, you're 105 00:06:45,360 --> 00:06:47,640 Speaker 1: as you're eating food, it's you're also smelling it, and 106 00:06:47,680 --> 00:06:51,040 Speaker 1: then that's sort of like combines in your in your 107 00:06:51,040 --> 00:06:54,080 Speaker 1: brain to form like, oh, this tastes pleasant or it 108 00:06:54,120 --> 00:06:58,960 Speaker 1: tastes like donkey ass. Also, I'm actually sensitive to this 109 00:06:59,160 --> 00:07:01,560 Speaker 1: ingredient in food coloring, not not in the blue stuff, 110 00:07:01,600 --> 00:07:04,080 Speaker 1: but in the red. You know that there's that like 111 00:07:04,200 --> 00:07:08,080 Speaker 1: diets and stuff, so cut pink cupcakes or red velvet 112 00:07:08,120 --> 00:07:12,280 Speaker 1: cake that uses that that red dye number forty UM 113 00:07:12,520 --> 00:07:15,400 Speaker 1: taste really bitter and disgusting. It tastes like a bunch 114 00:07:15,440 --> 00:07:18,720 Speaker 1: of asks to me. Um. And it's actually not made 115 00:07:18,720 --> 00:07:21,160 Speaker 1: out of uh, it's not made out of ground up 116 00:07:21,640 --> 00:07:25,160 Speaker 1: beetle but but like I mean, some dyes some die 117 00:07:25,200 --> 00:07:29,680 Speaker 1: was but this is just artificial yeah, old school um, 118 00:07:29,760 --> 00:07:33,520 Speaker 1: but it it still tastes like, still tastes like beetle ass, 119 00:07:33,560 --> 00:07:36,000 Speaker 1: even if it's not made out of beetle ass. And 120 00:07:36,080 --> 00:07:41,520 Speaker 1: that's probably because I have more uh taste receptors that 121 00:07:41,600 --> 00:07:44,280 Speaker 1: can pick up on the bitter flavor. So like I 122 00:07:44,320 --> 00:07:45,960 Speaker 1: was at a Christmas party and there was all this 123 00:07:46,280 --> 00:07:50,800 Speaker 1: like red um cupcakes and they looked yeah because of Christmas, 124 00:07:50,800 --> 00:07:53,920 Speaker 1: And like I ate when I'm like, tastes like this 125 00:07:54,040 --> 00:07:57,640 Speaker 1: tastes like bugass. And I don't know why I love 126 00:07:57,840 --> 00:08:00,680 Speaker 1: the taste of chemicals in my food, which is why 127 00:08:00,680 --> 00:08:04,640 Speaker 1: I will die before sixty love it, I mean probably 128 00:08:04,680 --> 00:08:06,920 Speaker 1: because like that's that's the only way you can get 129 00:08:07,200 --> 00:08:10,440 Speaker 1: get that flavor is by like putting a bunch of 130 00:08:10,600 --> 00:08:14,920 Speaker 1: like burn me filming, I don't care, just like pure 131 00:08:15,160 --> 00:08:19,760 Speaker 1: citric acid in your mouth, just fizzing and bubbling away, 132 00:08:19,960 --> 00:08:24,320 Speaker 1: like I can finally taste and taste. Childhood, we had this. 133 00:08:24,880 --> 00:08:28,000 Speaker 1: Do you remember that that period of time? You probably 134 00:08:28,000 --> 00:08:30,280 Speaker 1: didn't care for this period of time where they were 135 00:08:30,320 --> 00:08:34,960 Speaker 1: just dying foods and condiments. Random hated that I loved it. 136 00:08:35,080 --> 00:08:39,080 Speaker 1: So I don't even like ketchup, but the green and 137 00:08:39,240 --> 00:08:43,280 Speaker 1: purple ketchup just that was offensive. But I loved it. 138 00:08:43,360 --> 00:08:46,720 Speaker 1: And there was also like they had I don't know, 139 00:08:47,160 --> 00:08:51,760 Speaker 1: they had blue SpongeBob macaroni and cheese. Why loved it 140 00:08:52,559 --> 00:08:56,760 Speaker 1: because under hear the sea, of course, and they had 141 00:08:56,800 --> 00:09:02,240 Speaker 1: blue margarine that came in a bottle and stop it. 142 00:09:02,440 --> 00:09:05,480 Speaker 1: And I used to sneak downstairs and just have a 143 00:09:05,600 --> 00:09:09,800 Speaker 1: pile of blue margins. Oh my god, for myself, who 144 00:09:10,120 --> 00:09:14,600 Speaker 1: are you? You're a monster? It was good. I mean, 145 00:09:14,640 --> 00:09:17,959 Speaker 1: that is interesting because maybe maybe you are like I mean, 146 00:09:18,000 --> 00:09:20,280 Speaker 1: I didn't do a survey of your entire tongue, but 147 00:09:22,160 --> 00:09:25,480 Speaker 1: the you could be a non taster, like you could 148 00:09:25,559 --> 00:09:29,560 Speaker 1: have slightly you were taste buds than average, and then 149 00:09:30,400 --> 00:09:33,360 Speaker 1: and then that would allow you to and maybe the 150 00:09:33,400 --> 00:09:36,439 Speaker 1: bright colors of the food would make it more appealing, 151 00:09:36,559 --> 00:09:41,199 Speaker 1: because it's like, you know, some kind of visual stimulation 152 00:09:41,320 --> 00:09:46,160 Speaker 1: to like make you get through that pile of blue margarine. 153 00:09:46,520 --> 00:09:50,880 Speaker 1: Come on another, goodpa, I guess you couldn't taste How 154 00:09:51,000 --> 00:09:55,760 Speaker 1: terrible that should be. No, I think I was more 155 00:09:55,840 --> 00:09:58,760 Speaker 1: connected to the idea of how fun it was more 156 00:09:58,840 --> 00:10:05,319 Speaker 1: the man taste gross. I also used to eat SpongeBob macaroni, 157 00:10:05,400 --> 00:10:08,840 Speaker 1: but in the normal color of like neon orange. I mean, yeah, 158 00:10:10,320 --> 00:10:13,439 Speaker 1: we all know and love there was a blue option. 159 00:10:13,800 --> 00:10:15,720 Speaker 1: I remember it was like twenty five cents more. I 160 00:10:15,760 --> 00:10:18,840 Speaker 1: had to argue with my mom it should be it 161 00:10:18,880 --> 00:10:22,000 Speaker 1: should be free. They should they should pay you to 162 00:10:22,080 --> 00:10:25,800 Speaker 1: eat blue macaroni. It enhanced my experience. I'm like, we're 163 00:10:25,800 --> 00:10:29,360 Speaker 1: going to have to pay them. Yeah, I bet you'd 164 00:10:29,360 --> 00:10:32,840 Speaker 1: love those, Like, um, do you like those rainbow bagels 165 00:10:33,040 --> 00:10:35,280 Speaker 1: and like, have you seen that? I've seen them. I've 166 00:10:35,320 --> 00:10:37,760 Speaker 1: never had one myself, but I wouldn't be able to 167 00:10:37,760 --> 00:10:41,040 Speaker 1: taste the difference, right yeah, so yeah, I mean I 168 00:10:41,080 --> 00:10:44,040 Speaker 1: don't think the food die actually can influences the taste. 169 00:10:44,040 --> 00:10:47,800 Speaker 1: It's just that like unless it's that asked but die 170 00:10:47,960 --> 00:10:52,160 Speaker 1: the red dye. But like I do think it's like 171 00:10:52,559 --> 00:10:55,760 Speaker 1: you expect a certain flavor to come with certain colors, 172 00:10:55,800 --> 00:11:00,480 Speaker 1: so like like red and green should be like vegetables 173 00:11:00,520 --> 00:11:05,000 Speaker 1: or fruit and like um, and then like the yellows 174 00:11:05,000 --> 00:11:08,360 Speaker 1: and browns and stuff, you could have more savory stuff. 175 00:11:08,480 --> 00:11:14,079 Speaker 1: And like purple is an I guess grapes purple flower. 176 00:11:14,520 --> 00:11:17,560 Speaker 1: I'm okay with purple food, Like I like purple potatoes 177 00:11:17,600 --> 00:11:21,440 Speaker 1: and stuff. Yeah, I like. I mean I'll eat not purple, 178 00:11:21,640 --> 00:11:26,280 Speaker 1: not purple ketchup? What a purple margarine? Which is chemical 179 00:11:26,360 --> 00:11:28,800 Speaker 1: base to begin? I guess if it's in Like, if 180 00:11:28,840 --> 00:11:33,119 Speaker 1: you're making mashed purple potatoes and you use purple margine, 181 00:11:33,160 --> 00:11:35,600 Speaker 1: it's just gonna get lost in the purple. So that 182 00:11:37,520 --> 00:11:41,520 Speaker 1: I love it. So I want to go on an 183 00:11:41,559 --> 00:11:45,640 Speaker 1: imagination journey with you. Will you join me? Of course? 184 00:11:45,679 --> 00:11:50,360 Speaker 1: Thank you for asking. So imagine if you could taste 185 00:11:50,360 --> 00:11:55,880 Speaker 1: with every part of your body. That sounds horrible, Okay, 186 00:11:56,440 --> 00:11:58,839 Speaker 1: it's like, it's a fair point. It's a fair point 187 00:11:59,000 --> 00:12:02,600 Speaker 1: that it's horrible, because yes, we could taste our own underwear, 188 00:12:02,800 --> 00:12:08,319 Speaker 1: in our own sweat and the ground and dog faces. Yeah, 189 00:12:08,400 --> 00:12:10,120 Speaker 1: I feel like the majority of stuff in the world 190 00:12:10,200 --> 00:12:12,839 Speaker 1: is not stuff I want to taste, right, But are 191 00:12:12,880 --> 00:12:15,600 Speaker 1: there any positives to this? Like, because I was thinking 192 00:12:15,600 --> 00:12:20,199 Speaker 1: you could go to a grocery store and just feel everything. Oh, 193 00:12:20,280 --> 00:12:23,839 Speaker 1: if you're in the right space, that would be great, right, 194 00:12:23,840 --> 00:12:25,680 Speaker 1: What would be like the best? Like would it be 195 00:12:25,679 --> 00:12:28,240 Speaker 1: a grocery store, because like the grounds kind of nasty. 196 00:12:28,520 --> 00:12:30,640 Speaker 1: I know, Well, I guess there's no place unless you 197 00:12:30,720 --> 00:12:36,839 Speaker 1: have someone covered in a delicious sauce carrying you everywhere. 198 00:12:37,840 --> 00:12:41,480 Speaker 1: That sounds that sounds lovely, regardless of whether you can 199 00:12:41,520 --> 00:12:44,520 Speaker 1: taste everywhere. I was covered. If I had some sauce 200 00:12:44,640 --> 00:12:48,440 Speaker 1: boys to carry me arous boy in delicious areas, then 201 00:12:48,480 --> 00:12:50,400 Speaker 1: I think it would be great. Or maybe you would 202 00:12:50,440 --> 00:12:53,000 Speaker 1: find out that things that look disgusting. I don't know, 203 00:12:53,160 --> 00:12:55,400 Speaker 1: everyone's licking in the ground, all right, Well, you get 204 00:12:55,400 --> 00:12:58,240 Speaker 1: a couple of sauce boys to carry around the grocery store, 205 00:12:58,400 --> 00:13:01,000 Speaker 1: and you touch all the milon to touch, well, I 206 00:13:01,000 --> 00:13:04,280 Speaker 1: guess melons. If you just touch it, you're tasting the rind, right, 207 00:13:04,679 --> 00:13:07,360 Speaker 1: so you have to get into you kind of have 208 00:13:07,480 --> 00:13:11,600 Speaker 1: to smush you gotta get you gonna also higher someone 209 00:13:11,640 --> 00:13:13,719 Speaker 1: to you know, get to the good part because you're 210 00:13:13,720 --> 00:13:17,960 Speaker 1: tasting a lot of wrappers right right right complicated also 211 00:13:18,040 --> 00:13:21,040 Speaker 1: sounds like something that would be easily I don't know. Well, 212 00:13:21,160 --> 00:13:24,440 Speaker 1: if you're tasting, is that does that mean I'm very wet? Well? 213 00:13:24,480 --> 00:13:26,320 Speaker 1: Why would you? I mean, I guess you would sort 214 00:13:26,360 --> 00:13:29,079 Speaker 1: of be wet, right, or because you're a tongue you're 215 00:13:29,120 --> 00:13:34,440 Speaker 1: just dry, dry tongue everything. Yeah, you're just dry humping 216 00:13:34,640 --> 00:13:37,800 Speaker 1: fruits all the time. Chicken. Oh, you could be a 217 00:13:37,880 --> 00:13:41,840 Speaker 1: vegetarian because you could just feel up a live chicken. 218 00:13:42,000 --> 00:13:44,840 Speaker 1: Oh my god, that's that's a great hack. You could 219 00:13:44,920 --> 00:13:47,800 Speaker 1: just you just touch an animal. But that's scary because 220 00:13:47,800 --> 00:13:49,480 Speaker 1: then if you were like hanging out with your parents, 221 00:13:49,520 --> 00:13:52,000 Speaker 1: would you just if they were delicious, what would you 222 00:13:52,000 --> 00:13:54,760 Speaker 1: you'd hug them a lot would be And also, okay, 223 00:13:54,800 --> 00:13:58,480 Speaker 1: other questions, would you be full? No, you know you're 224 00:13:58,480 --> 00:14:01,480 Speaker 1: just like like, are you full after licking a chicken? No? 225 00:14:02,240 --> 00:14:08,200 Speaker 1: It sounds that sounds scary. What if your closest like friend, 226 00:14:08,320 --> 00:14:10,839 Speaker 1: you develop a taste for a friend and you're just 227 00:14:10,880 --> 00:14:15,480 Speaker 1: like this trusted, confident Yeah, I could see that being 228 00:14:15,520 --> 00:14:19,600 Speaker 1: a problem. But then you could like you just carry 229 00:14:19,640 --> 00:14:22,840 Speaker 1: along some snacks and eat those, so you don't eat 230 00:14:22,840 --> 00:14:27,280 Speaker 1: your friend vampire right right, like a flavor vampire vampire 231 00:14:27,320 --> 00:14:32,320 Speaker 1: trying to Yeah, so I bring this up because catfish 232 00:14:32,760 --> 00:14:38,160 Speaker 1: are actually a giant tongue you yeah, okay, So yellow 233 00:14:38,200 --> 00:14:42,480 Speaker 1: bullhead catfish has over a hundred and seventy five thousand 234 00:14:42,560 --> 00:14:47,360 Speaker 1: taste buds all over its body. It's wet, slippery body. 235 00:14:47,520 --> 00:14:49,880 Speaker 1: What's going on in its mouth the same thing. Well, 236 00:14:49,920 --> 00:14:52,960 Speaker 1: it's got the highest density and its whiskers, you know, 237 00:14:53,040 --> 00:14:55,840 Speaker 1: the little like the little flanges that come out of 238 00:14:55,840 --> 00:14:59,360 Speaker 1: its mouth, I know, adorable. So it actually has a 239 00:14:59,400 --> 00:15:02,560 Speaker 1: good reason for this because it's around in the dirty, 240 00:15:02,680 --> 00:15:06,240 Speaker 1: muddy parts of the water, scraunge around all that fish dookie. 241 00:15:06,720 --> 00:15:09,600 Speaker 1: It can't see very well because it's very silty. So 242 00:15:09,640 --> 00:15:13,000 Speaker 1: in order to hunt its prey, which are like little fish, 243 00:15:13,080 --> 00:15:16,320 Speaker 1: snails and so on, they need to be able to 244 00:15:16,360 --> 00:15:21,480 Speaker 1: like taste taste everything around them so that they can like, 245 00:15:22,040 --> 00:15:25,080 Speaker 1: you know, if they rub against something that's like they're like, oh, 246 00:15:25,160 --> 00:15:28,600 Speaker 1: and then the flavor and then they eat it. The 247 00:15:28,720 --> 00:15:32,400 Speaker 1: catfish is a dirt freak. That's yeah, intense. Yeah, they're 248 00:15:32,440 --> 00:15:36,240 Speaker 1: pretty freaky. They just like roll around until they find something. 249 00:15:36,400 --> 00:15:41,200 Speaker 1: You just gotta goatee just rubbing up consuming it. Also, 250 00:15:42,320 --> 00:15:46,760 Speaker 1: do you fish? Are you a fisher? Fisherwoman? My mom 251 00:15:47,560 --> 00:15:51,520 Speaker 1: used to hook up with them. I turned on a boat. 252 00:15:53,240 --> 00:15:58,640 Speaker 1: She had sex with them. I was a boat assistant, 253 00:15:58,720 --> 00:16:02,920 Speaker 1: but only for a well because I was thinking, like, 254 00:16:03,560 --> 00:16:06,480 Speaker 1: if you caught a catfish one of these catfish that 255 00:16:06,920 --> 00:16:09,440 Speaker 1: bodies are tongues when when you hold it up like 256 00:16:09,520 --> 00:16:12,600 Speaker 1: look at my big fish, and how cool I'm You know, 257 00:16:12,880 --> 00:16:16,320 Speaker 1: it's tasting you before you even get to taste it, 258 00:16:16,400 --> 00:16:20,080 Speaker 1: which is a delicious irony. I think that I mean, 259 00:16:20,120 --> 00:16:23,840 Speaker 1: good for them, good for you, catfish. So I'm going 260 00:16:23,880 --> 00:16:28,240 Speaker 1: to move on to another super sensor that this time 261 00:16:28,320 --> 00:16:33,880 Speaker 1: it's more about smelling odors. So the jewel beetle can 262 00:16:33,920 --> 00:16:43,360 Speaker 1: detect fire up to fifty miles away. And why something 263 00:16:43,400 --> 00:16:47,600 Speaker 1: you might not expect or really want. It is very 264 00:16:47,680 --> 00:16:52,160 Speaker 1: horny for dead trees. It wants to, yeah, it wants. 265 00:16:52,240 --> 00:16:55,680 Speaker 1: It wants to burrow into the dead tree because it's 266 00:16:55,680 --> 00:16:58,560 Speaker 1: gonna lay its eggs in there. They are a type 267 00:16:58,600 --> 00:17:03,200 Speaker 1: of borer beetle. The beetles have sex with each other, 268 00:17:03,240 --> 00:17:05,679 Speaker 1: am I saying? Okay? So they do, but then they're like, 269 00:17:05,760 --> 00:17:07,840 Speaker 1: but I want to be near a tree, right. The 270 00:17:07,880 --> 00:17:16,280 Speaker 1: tree is more like the unwilling the trees like a surrogate. Right. 271 00:17:17,200 --> 00:17:20,040 Speaker 1: But it kind of kills the tree too, which is, 272 00:17:20,280 --> 00:17:24,280 Speaker 1: you know, not great. So it prefers these dead or 273 00:17:24,400 --> 00:17:28,040 Speaker 1: dying trees because it wants to get in, like deep 274 00:17:28,119 --> 00:17:31,520 Speaker 1: in there so that the little larva can eat what's 275 00:17:31,560 --> 00:17:36,240 Speaker 1: called the canbum in the flim freaky okay, so that's 276 00:17:36,280 --> 00:17:39,440 Speaker 1: that's like the guts of the trees. Uh. And then 277 00:17:40,119 --> 00:17:43,600 Speaker 1: but a healthy tree is going to have insect fighting capabilities, 278 00:17:43,680 --> 00:17:47,080 Speaker 1: so it's going to produce pitch and tar and resin 279 00:17:47,760 --> 00:17:51,520 Speaker 1: and trap them. Like that's how we get Jurassic Park 280 00:17:51,800 --> 00:17:56,160 Speaker 1: because it in cases the flyer mosquito. And then Jeff 281 00:17:56,200 --> 00:17:59,800 Speaker 1: Goldbloom has sex with a dinosaur and my favorite part 282 00:17:59,800 --> 00:18:02,600 Speaker 1: of the right, we all love that part. And then 283 00:18:02,640 --> 00:18:05,800 Speaker 1: they have a bunch of like Jeff goldbluem a sores 284 00:18:05,880 --> 00:18:13,040 Speaker 1: that go around and rereak havoc and find a way 285 00:18:13,840 --> 00:18:16,280 Speaker 1: so they're okay. So yeah, they're just like the beetles, 286 00:18:16,280 --> 00:18:21,239 Speaker 1: get too horny and it kills them. Well, right, So 287 00:18:21,280 --> 00:18:24,000 Speaker 1: the beetles are competing to get to the tree first 288 00:18:24,040 --> 00:18:26,679 Speaker 1: so they can burrow in there lay their eggs before 289 00:18:26,680 --> 00:18:30,399 Speaker 1: anyone else. It's like a bunch of soccer moms swarming 290 00:18:30,440 --> 00:18:32,639 Speaker 1: the parking lot to a private school. And then do 291 00:18:32,680 --> 00:18:34,480 Speaker 1: they stay with the eggs or do they bail? I 292 00:18:34,480 --> 00:18:41,439 Speaker 1: think they bail. But firefighters will get swarmed by these beetles. No, 293 00:18:42,240 --> 00:18:45,640 Speaker 1: And it's must be a real treat to be a firefighter, 294 00:18:45,800 --> 00:18:48,439 Speaker 1: risking your life, getting smoke all over, and then like 295 00:18:48,800 --> 00:18:54,280 Speaker 1: beetles insult to injury, rost, beetles pooping out eggs like 296 00:18:56,200 --> 00:19:01,720 Speaker 1: just lot know, but can you agin just beetles everywhere? 297 00:19:02,600 --> 00:19:06,240 Speaker 1: So apocalyptic. I killed a very pregnant fly once on accident. 298 00:19:06,640 --> 00:19:09,760 Speaker 1: It was, oh my god. I still have dreams about it. Something. No, 299 00:19:10,119 --> 00:19:13,960 Speaker 1: I don't like smushing bugs, not because I'm a humanitarian, 300 00:19:14,440 --> 00:19:17,439 Speaker 1: but because their guts really discussed me and so, and 301 00:19:17,480 --> 00:19:19,840 Speaker 1: there's always way more than you think. Yeah, it's gonna 302 00:19:19,840 --> 00:19:22,679 Speaker 1: it's like a really tiny, little, teeny tiny bugg and 303 00:19:22,680 --> 00:19:25,760 Speaker 1: you squish and it's like like piles of white goo. 304 00:19:26,119 --> 00:19:28,800 Speaker 1: Just like where is this coming from? What was this 305 00:19:29,119 --> 00:19:33,480 Speaker 1: used for? I don't know? Are you just a big googball? Well, 306 00:19:33,680 --> 00:19:37,560 Speaker 1: we're gonna look inside of this beetle by smushing it 307 00:19:37,600 --> 00:19:43,320 Speaker 1: around in our brains. Yeah. So how do they detect 308 00:19:43,359 --> 00:19:45,760 Speaker 1: fire from so far away? They actually have this really 309 00:19:45,840 --> 00:19:50,400 Speaker 1: complex system of smoke detection and infrared heat radiation sensors 310 00:19:50,480 --> 00:19:54,719 Speaker 1: that work together to pinpoint precisely where smoking fire is 311 00:19:54,760 --> 00:19:59,399 Speaker 1: coming from. So they smell from their antenna because life 312 00:19:59,440 --> 00:20:03,800 Speaker 1: is weird. Uh, They have olfactory receptors on their antenna 313 00:20:04,600 --> 00:20:07,919 Speaker 1: and they're able to detect chemicals found in smoke, and 314 00:20:07,960 --> 00:20:11,640 Speaker 1: they're so sensitive they can actually differentiate the different chemical 315 00:20:11,720 --> 00:20:16,120 Speaker 1: profiles of species of trees like oak or pine smoke 316 00:20:16,640 --> 00:20:20,560 Speaker 1: like a redwoods burning better. Can they travel fifty miles 317 00:20:20,560 --> 00:20:23,320 Speaker 1: to get to that tree? Yeah? Yeah, they can fly 318 00:20:24,119 --> 00:20:29,119 Speaker 1: their airborne and coming towards trees. But they also have 319 00:20:29,280 --> 00:20:33,800 Speaker 1: infrared radiation sensors in their abdomen. So there are these 320 00:20:34,359 --> 00:20:38,679 Speaker 1: very sensitive fluid filled bulbs and then when the temperature 321 00:20:38,720 --> 00:20:43,320 Speaker 1: heats up around the bulbs, the pressure inside this goofy 322 00:20:43,440 --> 00:20:46,720 Speaker 1: water balloon builds up and then that's measured by a 323 00:20:46,760 --> 00:20:49,000 Speaker 1: neuron and then it sends a signal to the little 324 00:20:49,160 --> 00:20:53,399 Speaker 1: beetle brain that goes like, hey, it's hot, man. But 325 00:20:53,520 --> 00:20:56,400 Speaker 1: it's like very very sensitive, more sensitive than like when 326 00:20:56,440 --> 00:20:59,560 Speaker 1: you feel, you know, like heat on your skin, and 327 00:20:59,640 --> 00:21:04,240 Speaker 1: so they detect very small changes. And so so how 328 00:21:04,240 --> 00:21:06,560 Speaker 1: are these two things connected of like you feel the 329 00:21:06,640 --> 00:21:09,600 Speaker 1: heat and then you look for smoke or these separate systems. 330 00:21:09,600 --> 00:21:12,600 Speaker 1: Now they kind of get all intermingled in the brains. 331 00:21:12,640 --> 00:21:16,119 Speaker 1: So like you have these two detectors, the radiation in 332 00:21:16,160 --> 00:21:19,320 Speaker 1: the smoke, and then using both of those sets of data, 333 00:21:19,680 --> 00:21:23,439 Speaker 1: their little tiny beetle brains triangulate exactly where the smoke is, 334 00:21:23,480 --> 00:21:26,040 Speaker 1: and that's how they can find it from so so 335 00:21:26,119 --> 00:21:30,719 Speaker 1: far away. That's such a long way for eggs, you're 336 00:21:30,720 --> 00:21:35,600 Speaker 1: going to bail on anyways, a real journey, high effort 337 00:21:35,720 --> 00:21:42,200 Speaker 1: for a very low effort. Parents, bad parenting. What if 338 00:21:42,240 --> 00:21:45,840 Speaker 1: you were bitten by a radioactive jewel beetle? Would you 339 00:21:45,920 --> 00:21:49,040 Speaker 1: gain the ability of super smell? Well, some already have 340 00:21:49,200 --> 00:21:51,320 Speaker 1: this skill, but it may be more of a curse 341 00:21:51,359 --> 00:21:54,520 Speaker 1: than a blessing. Hyper Osmia is a rare condition in 342 00:21:54,560 --> 00:21:57,880 Speaker 1: which you have a heightened sense of smell. Causes can 343 00:21:57,920 --> 00:22:01,440 Speaker 1: be genetic or due to hormone levels, environmental factors such 344 00:22:01,480 --> 00:22:06,080 Speaker 1: as medications, or even lime disease. Having a highly sensitive 345 00:22:06,119 --> 00:22:09,760 Speaker 1: sense of smell can cause great discomfort, nausea, and be 346 00:22:09,960 --> 00:22:13,840 Speaker 1: really distracting. I have a fairly sensitive sense of smell, 347 00:22:13,960 --> 00:22:16,879 Speaker 1: and when someone cracks open a cannatuna, it feels like 348 00:22:16,920 --> 00:22:19,520 Speaker 1: the ocean just parted in my face, and I hate it, 349 00:22:20,320 --> 00:22:24,480 Speaker 1: So I can really sympathize. Just imagine how disgusting it 350 00:22:24,520 --> 00:22:26,760 Speaker 1: would be to be able to smell someone's gym socks 351 00:22:26,800 --> 00:22:30,520 Speaker 1: from across the room. But if you're curious what it's 352 00:22:30,560 --> 00:22:33,840 Speaker 1: like to have super smell. Good news, we're all endowed 353 00:22:33,880 --> 00:22:39,280 Speaker 1: with night smell vision, smell a vision, whatever. Researchers found 354 00:22:39,280 --> 00:22:42,760 Speaker 1: that smell sensitivity is linked to the circadian rhythm being 355 00:22:42,880 --> 00:22:46,800 Speaker 1: strongest right before bedtime. How did they study this Well, 356 00:22:46,960 --> 00:22:50,720 Speaker 1: they threw some adolescence as Super Awesome in lab slumber 357 00:22:50,760 --> 00:22:53,480 Speaker 1: party with a really strict bed time to establish a 358 00:22:53,520 --> 00:22:57,600 Speaker 1: stable circadian rhythm. To test their odor threshold, they had 359 00:22:57,600 --> 00:23:00,040 Speaker 1: the kid smell what the study calls and the this 360 00:23:00,160 --> 00:23:02,760 Speaker 1: is a direct quote and I'm not kidding about this 361 00:23:03,480 --> 00:23:06,919 Speaker 1: sniffing sticks. These are a brand of lab created sticks 362 00:23:06,920 --> 00:23:09,520 Speaker 1: with odors at known quantities, so you can test how 363 00:23:09,600 --> 00:23:13,280 Speaker 1: sensitive someone's sensive smell is. The researchers found that the 364 00:23:13,359 --> 00:23:16,119 Speaker 1: kids in the lame slumber party were better at huffing 365 00:23:16,119 --> 00:23:18,480 Speaker 1: these sniff and sticks right before they went to bed. 366 00:23:18,920 --> 00:23:21,280 Speaker 1: So that means we're all taking off our shoes and 367 00:23:21,320 --> 00:23:24,640 Speaker 1: smelling those juicy SoC odors right at peak smell an hour. 368 00:23:25,359 --> 00:23:29,400 Speaker 1: The human body is a magnificent machine. Smell you later. 369 00:23:29,480 --> 00:23:31,560 Speaker 1: We're gonna take a quick break and we'll be back 370 00:23:31,600 --> 00:23:38,480 Speaker 1: with more stinking podcast. So have you ever wondered why 371 00:23:38,520 --> 00:23:41,760 Speaker 1: we're ticklish. To get to the bottom of this, scientists 372 00:23:41,800 --> 00:23:45,560 Speaker 1: tested tickling on rats. When the rats received a tickle, 373 00:23:45,720 --> 00:23:50,000 Speaker 1: they laughed really, they emitted high pitched squeaks that are 374 00:23:50,040 --> 00:23:54,240 Speaker 1: associated with a heavy rat. They also wiggled around and jumped, 375 00:23:54,280 --> 00:23:56,919 Speaker 1: just like a little kid when you're tickling them. The 376 00:23:57,000 --> 00:24:01,960 Speaker 1: researchers found a specific pattern of activity in the somatosensory cortex, 377 00:24:02,040 --> 00:24:04,760 Speaker 1: which is a fancy word for saying you're feely part 378 00:24:04,800 --> 00:24:08,240 Speaker 1: of your brain when the rats were tickled. It's more 379 00:24:08,320 --> 00:24:12,320 Speaker 1: complex than just stimulating the nerves. However, there are rats 380 00:24:12,320 --> 00:24:14,880 Speaker 1: had the same pattern of activity in the brain when 381 00:24:14,880 --> 00:24:18,720 Speaker 1: the researchers playfully chased them with their hands, making little 382 00:24:18,960 --> 00:24:21,600 Speaker 1: tickly fingers, you know, like when you're like, ah, the 383 00:24:21,640 --> 00:24:25,119 Speaker 1: tickle monster is gonna get you. The study suggests that 384 00:24:25,160 --> 00:24:28,520 Speaker 1: there might be a complex social reason for tickling, which 385 00:24:28,600 --> 00:24:32,439 Speaker 1: might also explain why you can't tickle yourself. Tickling is 386 00:24:32,480 --> 00:24:35,200 Speaker 1: all about the unexpected, which is why when you get 387 00:24:35,200 --> 00:24:37,800 Speaker 1: a soda and the fizziness touches your nose, you might 388 00:24:37,920 --> 00:24:40,720 Speaker 1: feel it tickle. But what if you're like our next 389 00:24:40,800 --> 00:24:45,000 Speaker 1: featured creature, where he sees the entire world through vibrations 390 00:24:45,040 --> 00:24:50,960 Speaker 1: and tickles in his nose. So star nosed moles use 391 00:24:51,040 --> 00:24:54,240 Speaker 1: their noses in a really different way than you might expect, 392 00:24:54,440 --> 00:24:57,320 Speaker 1: which generally you think of noses as being used for 393 00:24:57,440 --> 00:25:02,480 Speaker 1: like smelling or to hold a mu stash, but they 394 00:25:02,520 --> 00:25:06,760 Speaker 1: actually use it to see the world in a way 395 00:25:06,840 --> 00:25:09,840 Speaker 1: that's like really weird. What do they use their eyes? 396 00:25:10,200 --> 00:25:18,200 Speaker 1: They don't, they're blind, so their noses are really messed 397 00:25:18,280 --> 00:25:22,080 Speaker 1: up looking. They look like two hands kind of like 398 00:25:25,040 --> 00:25:27,159 Speaker 1: and I was like, oh, maybe that was symbolism in 399 00:25:27,160 --> 00:25:29,199 Speaker 1: that movie because the hands have like eyes in it, 400 00:25:29,240 --> 00:25:32,240 Speaker 1: and like star nose moles use their like weird hands 401 00:25:32,280 --> 00:25:37,280 Speaker 1: nose to put it past um, But maybe I'm just 402 00:25:37,359 --> 00:25:40,600 Speaker 1: a big mole nerd, so um. So yeah, their nose 403 00:25:40,640 --> 00:25:43,720 Speaker 1: looks like this pink, fleshy starfish and we'll we'll put 404 00:25:43,720 --> 00:25:45,920 Speaker 1: a gross picture for you guys up on her Twitter. 405 00:25:46,640 --> 00:25:50,480 Speaker 1: And it can smell, But the main reason it has 406 00:25:50,480 --> 00:25:53,120 Speaker 1: those like little nose fingers is so that it can 407 00:25:53,280 --> 00:25:57,240 Speaker 1: feel the earth around it and feel vibrations coming off 408 00:25:57,240 --> 00:26:00,640 Speaker 1: of its little tiny prey items. And then it's like 409 00:26:00,920 --> 00:26:04,720 Speaker 1: it's like literally feeling this like vibration and zooming towards it. 410 00:26:04,800 --> 00:26:09,400 Speaker 1: So it can eat a little insect. Woa, okay, this 411 00:26:09,480 --> 00:26:13,000 Speaker 1: is okay, again a dumb question. But there's no dumb questions, 412 00:26:13,080 --> 00:26:17,280 Speaker 1: only dumb people. There's maybe one of them. So we're 413 00:26:17,359 --> 00:26:20,879 Speaker 1: using the noses eyes, Are we also using the nose 414 00:26:21,080 --> 00:26:24,760 Speaker 1: as a nose. Yes. Actually, it's one of the only 415 00:26:24,840 --> 00:26:29,680 Speaker 1: noses that can smell underwater. So they they snort out 416 00:26:29,720 --> 00:26:32,280 Speaker 1: air bubbles and then suck them back in and they're like, yeah, 417 00:26:32,280 --> 00:26:36,119 Speaker 1: this smells like like p or whatever. That well, because 418 00:26:36,160 --> 00:26:38,520 Speaker 1: you're not a fancy mole in your nose is very 419 00:26:38,560 --> 00:26:42,720 Speaker 1: normal looking and doesn't have fingers coming out of it. 420 00:26:42,720 --> 00:26:46,040 Speaker 1: It has a hundred thousand nerve fibers in its nose, 421 00:26:46,720 --> 00:26:50,960 Speaker 1: which is a lot. That's a lot, a lot. And 422 00:26:51,200 --> 00:26:54,440 Speaker 1: it's the world's fastest eater, so it can decide whether 423 00:26:54,520 --> 00:26:57,240 Speaker 1: to eat something within a quarter of a second and 424 00:26:57,280 --> 00:26:59,359 Speaker 1: then just go for it, just go for it. Which 425 00:27:00,080 --> 00:27:03,720 Speaker 1: I feel like I'm the world's fastest snacker because like 426 00:27:04,160 --> 00:27:07,679 Speaker 1: I just I like pouring things into my mouth, like 427 00:27:07,720 --> 00:27:13,159 Speaker 1: not even liquids, but just like discreet snacking. Yeah yeah, 428 00:27:13,240 --> 00:27:17,040 Speaker 1: but you know, scientifically speaking, they got me beat. That's 429 00:27:17,080 --> 00:27:19,760 Speaker 1: so weird. I don't think of like moles as like 430 00:27:19,920 --> 00:27:24,480 Speaker 1: very effective predators. They're about like him possible. Yeah, like 431 00:27:24,560 --> 00:27:28,439 Speaker 1: to the little insects and worms, they're just this terrifying 432 00:27:28,520 --> 00:27:32,000 Speaker 1: hell bees that can find them even if they're not 433 00:27:32,080 --> 00:27:34,480 Speaker 1: making any sounds and just their hearts are beating and 434 00:27:34,520 --> 00:27:37,400 Speaker 1: their moving a little bit. I've got a newfound respect 435 00:27:37,440 --> 00:27:40,879 Speaker 1: for terrifying holes. I'd like there to be like a 436 00:27:40,960 --> 00:27:46,000 Speaker 1: B movie of just giant moles that snoreful around and tunnels, 437 00:27:46,440 --> 00:27:50,680 Speaker 1: sort of like let's normalize hideous animals and children's movies. Yeah, 438 00:27:51,560 --> 00:27:55,200 Speaker 1: look like have have some Pixar movie about a star 439 00:27:55,280 --> 00:27:58,320 Speaker 1: nosed mole who wants to be a painter even though 440 00:27:58,320 --> 00:28:01,960 Speaker 1: he's blind and and but the world only season for 441 00:28:02,200 --> 00:28:05,440 Speaker 1: his freaky nose. But he finds a way. But he yeah, 442 00:28:05,720 --> 00:28:08,280 Speaker 1: I mean how could he not. He can breathe underwy 443 00:28:08,720 --> 00:28:11,199 Speaker 1: you can attack within a quarter of a second. And 444 00:28:11,240 --> 00:28:14,480 Speaker 1: I don't want any of like that classic like we're 445 00:28:14,480 --> 00:28:17,320 Speaker 1: going to give them all a makeover Princess Diary style. 446 00:28:18,200 --> 00:28:21,320 Speaker 1: It remains disgusting the entire time. In the movies called 447 00:28:21,720 --> 00:28:26,080 Speaker 1: Star a mold story, it's a part of the extended 448 00:28:26,119 --> 00:28:29,880 Speaker 1: A Star is Born you. So I'm going to talk 449 00:28:29,920 --> 00:28:35,120 Speaker 1: about another freaky nose with you. So, vampire bats, I 450 00:28:35,160 --> 00:28:38,840 Speaker 1: believe they are adorable. I accept that they're a little 451 00:28:38,880 --> 00:28:42,880 Speaker 1: freaky looking. But they're these little tiny bats, and indeed 452 00:28:42,880 --> 00:28:46,840 Speaker 1: they do drink blood. They don't kill people or animals. 453 00:28:46,880 --> 00:28:49,680 Speaker 1: They just kind of take a little nibble and drink 454 00:28:49,720 --> 00:28:53,680 Speaker 1: some blood. Is that all they eat? That's all they 455 00:28:54,160 --> 00:28:57,320 Speaker 1: So how do they know, like what the best spot 456 00:28:57,400 --> 00:29:03,000 Speaker 1: is for maximum blood using. They actually have this really 457 00:29:03,080 --> 00:29:06,680 Speaker 1: sensitive nose that has these little dimples and it's full 458 00:29:06,720 --> 00:29:12,960 Speaker 1: of this protein called t r p V one. That's 459 00:29:13,040 --> 00:29:17,040 Speaker 1: my science robot voice, cute. So these proteins have been 460 00:29:17,080 --> 00:29:20,080 Speaker 1: modified in these bats to be able to sense heat 461 00:29:20,240 --> 00:29:24,440 Speaker 1: at this very very minute level. So their nose can 462 00:29:24,480 --> 00:29:27,480 Speaker 1: actually detect very faint differences and heat, so they can 463 00:29:27,560 --> 00:29:29,800 Speaker 1: like see like, oh, this part of the cow has 464 00:29:29,840 --> 00:29:34,560 Speaker 1: a really active vein that I can explort right into. 465 00:29:35,000 --> 00:29:37,040 Speaker 1: Do they care? I don't know why I want to 466 00:29:37,040 --> 00:29:39,520 Speaker 1: give them the benefit of the doubt. Are they like, well, 467 00:29:39,560 --> 00:29:42,760 Speaker 1: I don't want to pick a vein that would kill someone? 468 00:29:43,000 --> 00:29:47,600 Speaker 1: Now they absolutely don't care at all. Um, So they're 469 00:29:47,640 --> 00:29:52,080 Speaker 1: saliva contains an anti coagulants, so the blood doesn't like 470 00:29:52,400 --> 00:29:57,360 Speaker 1: clot yeah, and so it's like, I just got to 471 00:29:57,480 --> 00:30:01,200 Speaker 1: keep that blood of flowing. And these are very small 472 00:30:01,280 --> 00:30:04,880 Speaker 1: bouts and their tongues have this little tiny groove in it, 473 00:30:05,440 --> 00:30:08,280 Speaker 1: and the way they drink the blood is actually through 474 00:30:08,360 --> 00:30:12,239 Speaker 1: capillary action. So capillary action is like how you can 475 00:30:12,320 --> 00:30:16,080 Speaker 1: use paper towels to mop up fluids and how plants drink. 476 00:30:16,680 --> 00:30:21,640 Speaker 1: So they've got like little brawniest brawny tongues. Um, they 477 00:30:21,640 --> 00:30:25,720 Speaker 1: have this very narrow tube in their tongue that like 478 00:30:25,880 --> 00:30:28,640 Speaker 1: the way capillary action works is water is super sticky. 479 00:30:28,680 --> 00:30:30,960 Speaker 1: It's like why when water gets on you, you're wet, 480 00:30:31,040 --> 00:30:34,120 Speaker 1: because it doesn't just fall off. It's it's sticky and 481 00:30:34,160 --> 00:30:37,040 Speaker 1: it likes to stick to itself, but it also likes 482 00:30:37,080 --> 00:30:39,800 Speaker 1: to stick to the surfaces. So if the stickiness to 483 00:30:40,320 --> 00:30:43,320 Speaker 1: a surface is greater than its stickiness to itself, it 484 00:30:43,320 --> 00:30:46,680 Speaker 1: will travel up that surface. So if you have a 485 00:30:46,800 --> 00:30:50,640 Speaker 1: very narrow tube, that surface tension is not that great 486 00:30:50,640 --> 00:30:53,959 Speaker 1: because there aren't that many molecules on that surface sticking together. 487 00:30:54,000 --> 00:30:56,360 Speaker 1: So it's more sticky to the sides of the wall 488 00:30:56,400 --> 00:30:59,160 Speaker 1: of this capillary and it just kind of like scoots 489 00:30:59,240 --> 00:31:03,920 Speaker 1: right up into the bat's mouth. Wow, that's very efficient. Yes, 490 00:31:04,120 --> 00:31:09,320 Speaker 1: they are very efficient, precise bloodsuckers. That's terrifying. Do you 491 00:31:09,360 --> 00:31:11,680 Speaker 1: know what like region are they native to. I don't 492 00:31:11,680 --> 00:31:13,680 Speaker 1: know if they've actually seen one in person. So they're 493 00:31:13,720 --> 00:31:18,240 Speaker 1: like in Central and South America and in Mexico. Yeah, 494 00:31:18,760 --> 00:31:21,800 Speaker 1: they love the cattle there. We had a bad issue 495 00:31:21,920 --> 00:31:24,800 Speaker 1: in my hometown. But they were big and dumb, so 496 00:31:26,600 --> 00:31:29,160 Speaker 1: like fruit bats. I don't know, they were big, and 497 00:31:29,200 --> 00:31:31,400 Speaker 1: my dad would leave the door open and so they 498 00:31:31,400 --> 00:31:34,360 Speaker 1: were just flying to our house and like, where are 499 00:31:34,360 --> 00:31:37,600 Speaker 1: you from? From Massachusetts? Okay? Yeah, yeah, So there's a 500 00:31:37,600 --> 00:31:40,440 Speaker 1: lot of big, stupid bats there and you just catch 501 00:31:40,440 --> 00:31:43,040 Speaker 1: them in a blanket and then go outside and release them. 502 00:31:43,080 --> 00:31:46,000 Speaker 1: That's scary because like their vectors for rabies and I'm 503 00:31:46,040 --> 00:31:49,360 Speaker 1: always like freaked out about finding a bat because it's like, right, 504 00:31:50,000 --> 00:31:53,440 Speaker 1: imagine just leaving your home open. And there's like video 505 00:31:53,480 --> 00:31:58,640 Speaker 1: footage of me when I was a baby, just with fun, 506 00:31:58,840 --> 00:32:05,440 Speaker 1: fun memories or the bad baby here. So that's one 507 00:32:05,480 --> 00:32:08,760 Speaker 1: way of like detecting something is through your nose, through 508 00:32:08,760 --> 00:32:12,480 Speaker 1: the vibrations and heat differences in your nose. But elephants 509 00:32:12,800 --> 00:32:16,840 Speaker 1: use their feet. Uh you would think that of the 510 00:32:16,880 --> 00:32:20,920 Speaker 1: animals like their trunks would be heavy, would be yeah, 511 00:32:20,960 --> 00:32:24,400 Speaker 1: but I mean their trunks are extremely sensitive, to be sure. 512 00:32:24,480 --> 00:32:28,000 Speaker 1: But their feet are able to detect seismic information from 513 00:32:28,080 --> 00:32:32,280 Speaker 1: up to twenty miles away. WHOA, Okay, so they can 514 00:32:32,320 --> 00:32:37,600 Speaker 1: like detect earthquakes before they even happen down. Yeah, that's crazy. 515 00:32:37,760 --> 00:32:40,200 Speaker 1: Well I'm not sure if it's straight down because like 516 00:32:40,280 --> 00:32:43,400 Speaker 1: the further down you get it, think it's like it's denser. Um, 517 00:32:43,960 --> 00:32:47,600 Speaker 1: but like in the soft soil that's gonna be conductive 518 00:32:47,640 --> 00:32:51,360 Speaker 1: to the vibration twenty miles so they can hear warning 519 00:32:51,440 --> 00:32:55,959 Speaker 1: calls from other herds of elephants through their feet and 520 00:32:56,000 --> 00:32:59,560 Speaker 1: they get really so these mean researchers played these warning 521 00:32:59,600 --> 00:33:02,480 Speaker 1: calls through the grounds like twenty miles away, and then 522 00:33:02,480 --> 00:33:06,280 Speaker 1: the elephants over there, we're like getting really agitated because 523 00:33:06,320 --> 00:33:09,280 Speaker 1: they're like, oh man, someone's like, yeah, I feel it 524 00:33:09,320 --> 00:33:15,000 Speaker 1: in my feet. Uh. So the biologists think they're capable 525 00:33:15,240 --> 00:33:18,680 Speaker 1: of this because they have conduction of seismic waves up 526 00:33:18,680 --> 00:33:21,720 Speaker 1: through the foot, through the bones and then through like 527 00:33:21,880 --> 00:33:26,000 Speaker 1: the school and the ears. Yeah, it's why. So like 528 00:33:26,040 --> 00:33:29,400 Speaker 1: we actually our bones are very conductive to like sound. 529 00:33:29,520 --> 00:33:32,360 Speaker 1: That's why when you talk, you like hear yourself a 530 00:33:32,360 --> 00:33:34,480 Speaker 1: certain way, and then when you hear yourself recorded, you're 531 00:33:34,520 --> 00:33:42,160 Speaker 1: like you I absolutely listen, Yeah, you sound disgusting because 532 00:33:42,160 --> 00:33:44,280 Speaker 1: that's how you actually sound, and you're just not us. 533 00:33:44,640 --> 00:33:47,120 Speaker 1: That's so upset and because sometimes do you ever, you're 534 00:33:47,120 --> 00:33:49,520 Speaker 1: just like, oh, this is I could deal with this point. Yeah, 535 00:33:49,600 --> 00:33:52,560 Speaker 1: my voice sounds wonderful, And I think I finally, like, 536 00:33:52,640 --> 00:33:54,560 Speaker 1: after having to hear my voice a lot, like I've 537 00:33:54,600 --> 00:33:58,440 Speaker 1: gotten used to how like squeaky it sounds, because like 538 00:33:58,480 --> 00:34:01,920 Speaker 1: through my bones, it's just so much lovelier. It's always 539 00:34:01,960 --> 00:34:07,480 Speaker 1: pitched up. Yeah, listening, listen to this podcast through my bones, 540 00:34:08,040 --> 00:34:16,160 Speaker 1: and you're gonna be like, oh my god. This. Moles, elephants, 541 00:34:16,160 --> 00:34:19,360 Speaker 1: and bats may have us beat with their supersensory noses 542 00:34:19,400 --> 00:34:24,120 Speaker 1: and feet, but we're starting to develop impressive technology around touch. 543 00:34:24,840 --> 00:34:28,279 Speaker 1: Artificial limbs are becoming more and more advanced, not just 544 00:34:28,400 --> 00:34:32,080 Speaker 1: in their mechanical ability to hold things, but the really 545 00:34:32,120 --> 00:34:36,200 Speaker 1: important function of touch. There's a new prosthetic being tested 546 00:34:36,320 --> 00:34:40,200 Speaker 1: at the Cleveland Better and Affairs Medical Center that connects 547 00:34:40,239 --> 00:34:44,280 Speaker 1: force sensors in the prosthetic fingers to electrodes that attached 548 00:34:44,360 --> 00:34:47,640 Speaker 1: to the residual nerves in the flesh above the amputation. 549 00:34:48,200 --> 00:34:51,600 Speaker 1: The electrodes stimulate the nerves when they detect activity in 550 00:34:51,640 --> 00:34:57,120 Speaker 1: the artificial sensors. The trick is developing complex stimulation patterns 551 00:34:57,160 --> 00:35:00,600 Speaker 1: that can mimic the many different types of sensation, the 552 00:35:00,680 --> 00:35:03,920 Speaker 1: cool condensation on a glass, the squishy feeling of an 553 00:35:03,960 --> 00:35:07,480 Speaker 1: overripe banana, or the slippery, wet feeling of an angry 554 00:35:07,520 --> 00:35:11,640 Speaker 1: catfish tasting you with his tongue. Body. Hey, don't go anywhere, 555 00:35:11,680 --> 00:35:14,080 Speaker 1: We'll be right back with more touchy feely stuff after 556 00:35:14,120 --> 00:35:23,160 Speaker 1: the break. Have you ever visited a psychic who brags 557 00:35:23,200 --> 00:35:26,640 Speaker 1: about a sixth sense? Well, big freaking what most of 558 00:35:26,760 --> 00:35:32,040 Speaker 1: us have a sixth sense, maybe even more. Sure. There's touch, taste, smell, site, 559 00:35:32,040 --> 00:35:35,520 Speaker 1: and hearing, but there's also appropriate exception. I know that 560 00:35:35,640 --> 00:35:38,319 Speaker 1: sounds like a terrible sequel to inception or some kind 561 00:35:38,320 --> 00:35:41,600 Speaker 1: of Harry Potter spell, but trust me, you probably have 562 00:35:41,719 --> 00:35:44,800 Speaker 1: appropriate exception. And here's a way to test. If you 563 00:35:44,920 --> 00:35:50,200 Speaker 1: do close your eyes, now, touch your nose. Congratulations. If 564 00:35:50,239 --> 00:35:54,160 Speaker 1: you succeeded, you have appropriate exception. Appropriate exception is the 565 00:35:54,200 --> 00:35:57,120 Speaker 1: ability to sense where your body parts are even if 566 00:35:57,160 --> 00:35:59,960 Speaker 1: you can't see them. Being able to touch your nose 567 00:36:00,120 --> 00:36:03,040 Speaker 1: was actually big accomplishment. Think about it. Could you just 568 00:36:03,280 --> 00:36:06,000 Speaker 1: walk to somewhere on the ground marked with an X 569 00:36:06,040 --> 00:36:09,000 Speaker 1: with your eyes closed. Well, that's essentially what your hand 570 00:36:09,080 --> 00:36:12,400 Speaker 1: just did. So how do you accomplish this. It's a 571 00:36:12,440 --> 00:36:15,800 Speaker 1: lot more complicated than you might think. We have special 572 00:36:15,880 --> 00:36:19,840 Speaker 1: appropriate sceptor cells in our muscles and tendons. These cells 573 00:36:19,840 --> 00:36:23,040 Speaker 1: are kind of like little gps is. They send signals 574 00:36:23,080 --> 00:36:25,800 Speaker 1: to the brain with information about the muscle and tendons 575 00:36:25,880 --> 00:36:29,080 Speaker 1: movement and location. They do this with the help of 576 00:36:29,080 --> 00:36:33,479 Speaker 1: this little protein called Piazzo two. When a muscle stretches out, 577 00:36:33,600 --> 00:36:37,440 Speaker 1: that Piazzo two protein opens its mouth and allows particles 578 00:36:37,480 --> 00:36:40,759 Speaker 1: to flow into the appropriate sceptor cell. Then that cell 579 00:36:40,920 --> 00:36:43,640 Speaker 1: fires and sends a signal to the brain saying, hey, 580 00:36:43,680 --> 00:36:47,799 Speaker 1: your muscles stretched out. That allows your brain to understand 581 00:36:47,840 --> 00:36:50,680 Speaker 1: where your arm is based on how your muscles are moving. 582 00:36:51,440 --> 00:36:54,160 Speaker 1: So scientists wanted to test to see if this Piazzo 583 00:36:54,239 --> 00:36:57,560 Speaker 1: protein really was so important, so they removed it from 584 00:36:57,640 --> 00:37:01,719 Speaker 1: mice vintoms. Mice showed no body awareness. They weren't able 585 00:37:01,760 --> 00:37:04,200 Speaker 1: to walk. They kind of dog paddled on the ground. 586 00:37:04,600 --> 00:37:08,320 Speaker 1: They reached limbs upward randomly they really looked like drunk 587 00:37:08,320 --> 00:37:11,480 Speaker 1: people on an ice skating rink. So you should think 588 00:37:11,480 --> 00:37:14,280 Speaker 1: those little piazzo two proteins for allowing you to find 589 00:37:14,280 --> 00:37:19,120 Speaker 1: your nose or mindlessly guy derrito's into your mouth. So 590 00:37:19,440 --> 00:37:22,240 Speaker 1: you want to take a trip down to imagination station 591 00:37:22,280 --> 00:37:26,359 Speaker 1: with me again? Yes? Here, you are here for it 592 00:37:26,440 --> 00:37:29,480 Speaker 1: all right. So if you are a superhero with special 593 00:37:29,560 --> 00:37:34,280 Speaker 1: sensory abilities, what would it be? What would I? Oh? God, 594 00:37:34,320 --> 00:37:37,160 Speaker 1: I oh, I never have the right answer. There's question, 595 00:37:37,320 --> 00:37:42,279 Speaker 1: there's loaded, there's no wrong answers, only wrong people. I 596 00:37:42,360 --> 00:37:47,240 Speaker 1: just don't want to be seen. Okay, so that's invisibility 597 00:37:48,440 --> 00:37:51,120 Speaker 1: sensory and that was just a statement effect. Let me 598 00:37:51,160 --> 00:37:56,440 Speaker 1: see sensory. Um, I don't want super vision. Yeah, that 599 00:37:56,440 --> 00:37:59,280 Speaker 1: would suck. I don't any kid see people's ding dongs 600 00:37:59,400 --> 00:38:01,560 Speaker 1: for miles way. Yeah, I don't know. That's a kind 601 00:38:01,600 --> 00:38:03,799 Speaker 1: of perverted we want to see people's ding dongs. I 602 00:38:03,800 --> 00:38:05,799 Speaker 1: don't want to perverted, wish. I wouldn't want to hear 603 00:38:05,800 --> 00:38:08,600 Speaker 1: people's thoughts because I'm very petty. You'd hear about ding 604 00:38:08,680 --> 00:38:12,080 Speaker 1: dongs all the time. Yeah, yeah, and to not that 605 00:38:12,080 --> 00:38:16,920 Speaker 1: that's out super touch, that might be good. Yeah, I 606 00:38:16,920 --> 00:38:19,440 Speaker 1: think if you could turn it on and off like 607 00:38:19,520 --> 00:38:22,520 Speaker 1: when you pet a cat. Can you imagine that would 608 00:38:22,560 --> 00:38:25,560 Speaker 1: be amazing? Yeah, But then if you felt that all 609 00:38:25,600 --> 00:38:28,719 Speaker 1: the time, then like when you stubbed your toe, you 610 00:38:28,760 --> 00:38:31,719 Speaker 1: would die. That's true, if you would feel pain like 611 00:38:32,320 --> 00:38:36,640 Speaker 1: times harder. Right, small sounds annoying. I have a pretty 612 00:38:36,680 --> 00:38:39,400 Speaker 1: sensitive nose and it's bad. That's not good. Like I 613 00:38:39,440 --> 00:38:42,680 Speaker 1: smelled burning all of us once, like and it just 614 00:38:43,040 --> 00:38:44,799 Speaker 1: made me want to puke. And I don't even know. 615 00:38:44,840 --> 00:38:48,800 Speaker 1: Why do people always think that you're having like a 616 00:38:48,840 --> 00:38:51,959 Speaker 1: stroke because the smell thing is really strong. Anytime someone 617 00:38:52,000 --> 00:38:54,120 Speaker 1: smells something very specific, I'm like, we have to go 618 00:38:54,160 --> 00:38:56,640 Speaker 1: to the Remember. I remember when I was a kid, 619 00:38:56,680 --> 00:38:59,319 Speaker 1: I was like, there's something smells just awful, like like 620 00:38:59,480 --> 00:39:02,520 Speaker 1: rotting something, and like my parents thought it was crazy. 621 00:39:02,560 --> 00:39:04,480 Speaker 1: And then I was like smelling around the house like 622 00:39:04,520 --> 00:39:07,120 Speaker 1: a dog. And then I finally found like this plant 623 00:39:07,239 --> 00:39:13,720 Speaker 1: that had started to rot and yeah, yeah, so that's curse. Yeah, 624 00:39:14,000 --> 00:39:17,359 Speaker 1: it is a curse. Tuna. Like I mentioned earlier, it's 625 00:39:17,400 --> 00:39:21,359 Speaker 1: just like Poseidon's butt crack and I can't I can't 626 00:39:21,360 --> 00:39:24,640 Speaker 1: do it. Well, I used to eat it and then 627 00:39:24,719 --> 00:39:28,880 Speaker 1: I think somehow, like your taste buds change or and 628 00:39:29,000 --> 00:39:31,279 Speaker 1: I don't know. I think I just I think it 629 00:39:31,400 --> 00:39:34,600 Speaker 1: started when I my mom gave our dog some tuna 630 00:39:34,719 --> 00:39:36,960 Speaker 1: and then like there was hot tuna dog breath, and 631 00:39:37,000 --> 00:39:41,040 Speaker 1: I was just like, no, this is bad. I think 632 00:39:41,080 --> 00:39:43,800 Speaker 1: I would go with touch if I had to pick. 633 00:39:44,320 --> 00:39:48,279 Speaker 1: That sounds the least. Yeah, that sounds pretty good, and 634 00:39:48,280 --> 00:39:51,719 Speaker 1: then like you could get some benefits from that super touch. 635 00:39:51,800 --> 00:39:55,120 Speaker 1: I feel like I would Maybe this is cheating a 636 00:39:55,160 --> 00:39:57,719 Speaker 1: little bit, but I'd want to be able to understand 637 00:39:57,840 --> 00:40:03,080 Speaker 1: completely what an animal's expression means. So like like if 638 00:40:03,120 --> 00:40:05,799 Speaker 1: my dog is making a face, I want to know 639 00:40:05,840 --> 00:40:09,000 Speaker 1: if that's like pooh face where she has to go poop, 640 00:40:09,120 --> 00:40:11,799 Speaker 1: or if that's just I want attention, so I'm going 641 00:40:11,880 --> 00:40:15,719 Speaker 1: to pretend I have to pooh. So we don't even 642 00:40:15,719 --> 00:40:18,680 Speaker 1: have that for people, No, we don't. The reason I 643 00:40:18,760 --> 00:40:21,479 Speaker 1: specify animals as I was thinking, well, maybe I would 644 00:40:21,480 --> 00:40:23,840 Speaker 1: want to be able to detect lies or what someone's 645 00:40:23,840 --> 00:40:28,200 Speaker 1: expression means exactly, but maybe not because I like to 646 00:40:28,239 --> 00:40:31,360 Speaker 1: be lied to sometimes. I feel like if you wanted 647 00:40:31,400 --> 00:40:33,799 Speaker 1: to do that sort of suit, you would just have 648 00:40:33,880 --> 00:40:36,000 Speaker 1: to be a very particular kind of person that would 649 00:40:36,040 --> 00:40:38,720 Speaker 1: be like, well, then I'm going to just manipulate people 650 00:40:38,920 --> 00:40:42,040 Speaker 1: because I know what everyone's thinking at all times. I'm 651 00:40:42,080 --> 00:40:44,680 Speaker 1: too weak for that. And you can't ever ask something 652 00:40:44,719 --> 00:40:48,080 Speaker 1: like do these like bright red jeans look good on me? 653 00:40:48,200 --> 00:40:53,919 Speaker 1: Because then they'd be like, yes, Sweeney, they look great. Yeah. 654 00:40:53,960 --> 00:40:56,560 Speaker 1: I need those lies. I need those lies make the 655 00:40:56,600 --> 00:41:03,960 Speaker 1: world go around. So the reason I ask is platypie. Uh. 656 00:41:04,000 --> 00:41:08,920 Speaker 1: They have a special sensory ability beyond the normal five 657 00:41:09,360 --> 00:41:13,600 Speaker 1: called electro reception, which it sounds like an X men, 658 00:41:13,640 --> 00:41:18,640 Speaker 1: doesn't it for animal? Yeah, So it's the ability to 659 00:41:18,680 --> 00:41:22,719 Speaker 1: detect electrical fields. So first we got to understand what 660 00:41:22,760 --> 00:41:27,040 Speaker 1: the heck is a platypus. It's a it's a monetreum. 661 00:41:27,440 --> 00:41:31,600 Speaker 1: So that's a very primitive form of mammal where they 662 00:41:31,719 --> 00:41:35,279 Speaker 1: lay eggs and they don't even have nipples. They just 663 00:41:35,400 --> 00:41:41,359 Speaker 1: can't use milk. Wait what Yeah, they just just leak 664 00:41:41,480 --> 00:41:45,040 Speaker 1: men just like in a puddle of their own lactation. Well, 665 00:41:45,080 --> 00:41:47,279 Speaker 1: I mean like it gets all in their fur and 666 00:41:47,320 --> 00:41:48,920 Speaker 1: then the little baby is just kind of look at 667 00:41:49,640 --> 00:41:52,440 Speaker 1: like they fur. I think I'm thinking of a pokemon. 668 00:41:52,600 --> 00:41:56,240 Speaker 1: I don't know what plato pie. They have the bills, 669 00:41:56,400 --> 00:41:58,920 Speaker 1: the beaver tails in the fur. Oh, I'm thinking of 670 00:41:58,960 --> 00:42:01,560 Speaker 1: the right pokem okay, yeah, that's yeah, it is. It's 671 00:42:01,600 --> 00:42:04,200 Speaker 1: also a pokemon. What is that one called. It's like 672 00:42:05,000 --> 00:42:10,000 Speaker 1: but it's like a big blobby yeah yeah, platypus thing, yeah, platyplex. 673 00:42:13,880 --> 00:42:16,400 Speaker 1: So actually people used to think it was a hoax 674 00:42:16,440 --> 00:42:19,160 Speaker 1: because they're like a bill and then a beaver tail 675 00:42:19,440 --> 00:42:22,600 Speaker 1: and no nipples. But it's a mammal, Like it sounds 676 00:42:22,640 --> 00:42:24,600 Speaker 1: like a yeah, it sounds like an idea you would 677 00:42:24,600 --> 00:42:28,319 Speaker 1: have on mushrooms. Yeah, but actually that bill serves a 678 00:42:28,360 --> 00:42:32,160 Speaker 1: really interesting purpose because it has tens of thousands of 679 00:42:32,360 --> 00:42:37,200 Speaker 1: electro receptors, which are these little cells that can detect 680 00:42:37,360 --> 00:42:42,080 Speaker 1: electrical fields. Why well again kind of remember like with 681 00:42:42,120 --> 00:42:45,000 Speaker 1: the catfish and the mole, they can't see very well 682 00:42:45,000 --> 00:42:49,000 Speaker 1: in their environment. Platypie can see, but they're often in 683 00:42:49,040 --> 00:42:52,480 Speaker 1: like murky, silty water. So if they want to detect 684 00:42:52,520 --> 00:42:57,040 Speaker 1: their little prey, like those little shrimp and worms and insects, 685 00:42:57,360 --> 00:43:00,960 Speaker 1: they need a little boost so they can detect these 686 00:43:01,400 --> 00:43:04,680 Speaker 1: very very faint electrical signals that are coming off of 687 00:43:04,719 --> 00:43:09,040 Speaker 1: the prey. Because like we're actually we have electricity going on, 688 00:43:09,200 --> 00:43:12,160 Speaker 1: like when your heart beats there's an electrical pulse there. 689 00:43:12,719 --> 00:43:16,279 Speaker 1: Your brain activity are when your synapse fires, there's a 690 00:43:16,280 --> 00:43:21,520 Speaker 1: little electrical yeah, just very very faint in your muscles too. Um, 691 00:43:21,560 --> 00:43:25,000 Speaker 1: so you you do have this electricity, but it's very minute, 692 00:43:25,520 --> 00:43:30,319 Speaker 1: and so they are able to sense that. And they 693 00:43:30,360 --> 00:43:36,520 Speaker 1: also have mechano receptors, which are like movement receptors, which 694 00:43:36,560 --> 00:43:41,279 Speaker 1: detect physical motion, and then using both of those sort 695 00:43:41,320 --> 00:43:43,920 Speaker 1: of like how the jewel beetle uses both of its 696 00:43:43,960 --> 00:43:47,879 Speaker 1: sensors to triangulate. The platypie uses both of these two 697 00:43:47,880 --> 00:43:53,920 Speaker 1: pinpoint prey in this very precise manner, and so hammerhead 698 00:43:54,000 --> 00:43:58,240 Speaker 1: sharks also have this ability. They have electra receptor pores 699 00:43:58,320 --> 00:44:01,680 Speaker 1: in that weird hand or face of theirs. That makes 700 00:44:01,760 --> 00:44:05,799 Speaker 1: more sense to me. I feel like I underestimated the platypus. 701 00:44:05,960 --> 00:44:10,600 Speaker 1: Platypi are nuts. They have like yeah, like it's like 702 00:44:10,640 --> 00:44:13,799 Speaker 1: a kid in class that you're like, this guy's a loser. Yeah, 703 00:44:13,920 --> 00:44:17,320 Speaker 1: and then all of a sudden he can recite right whatever, 704 00:44:17,480 --> 00:44:21,600 Speaker 1: he's magneto. Yeah, You're like, oh he can, Okay, he's sorry, 705 00:44:21,840 --> 00:44:24,279 Speaker 1: sorry for teasing you. Please don't kill me with your 706 00:44:24,800 --> 00:44:28,439 Speaker 1: spooky powers, right right, it's the nerd that comes back 707 00:44:28,480 --> 00:44:31,960 Speaker 1: for you, So the hammer had to be fair. Is 708 00:44:32,080 --> 00:44:36,800 Speaker 1: the jock of electroc reception because it's basically jacket, because 709 00:44:36,840 --> 00:44:41,000 Speaker 1: he's much more sensitive. They have what are called ampulea 710 00:44:41,280 --> 00:44:46,480 Speaker 1: of Lorenzini pasta. I know it sounds like pasta, It 711 00:44:46,520 --> 00:44:51,640 Speaker 1: sounds like delicious shark pasta, but they're these ampules are 712 00:44:51,719 --> 00:44:56,360 Speaker 1: like bulbs full of electro conductive jelly and nerves that 713 00:44:56,400 --> 00:45:00,359 Speaker 1: are really sensitive to changes in electrical charge. And they 714 00:45:00,360 --> 00:45:05,120 Speaker 1: can even detect prey under sand. Who yeah, so that's 715 00:45:05,120 --> 00:45:08,440 Speaker 1: pretty important for them if they're like scraunging around and 716 00:45:08,560 --> 00:45:11,200 Speaker 1: pray Adams will hide under sand to try to avoid 717 00:45:11,239 --> 00:45:14,520 Speaker 1: being eaten those little jerks. Man sharks don't need to 718 00:45:14,520 --> 00:45:16,560 Speaker 1: be more powerful, but you know, good for him, Yeah, 719 00:45:16,560 --> 00:45:19,000 Speaker 1: good for sharks. Good for them. There, I like a 720 00:45:19,000 --> 00:45:22,560 Speaker 1: sensitive jock. Yeah, and they're in their special powers. So 721 00:45:23,200 --> 00:45:26,480 Speaker 1: the electro reception is a close range sensor. You can't 722 00:45:27,160 --> 00:45:32,520 Speaker 1: do it for miles pretty nuts, but um so so 723 00:45:32,840 --> 00:45:36,960 Speaker 1: for the sharks, they can sense prey up to three 724 00:45:37,040 --> 00:45:39,920 Speaker 1: cubic feet away, which is still pretty crazy. Like if 725 00:45:39,960 --> 00:45:43,440 Speaker 1: I was a shark, I could like close my eyes 726 00:45:43,480 --> 00:45:47,759 Speaker 1: and know that you're there and read your thoughts, you 727 00:45:47,800 --> 00:45:49,799 Speaker 1: would like know what I was doing, or you would 728 00:45:50,000 --> 00:45:52,719 Speaker 1: well just like know you're there, because like I can 729 00:45:52,800 --> 00:45:56,640 Speaker 1: sense the electrical impulses coming from your your all your 730 00:45:56,719 --> 00:46:00,720 Speaker 1: muscles and stuff. I know I'm not saying that sharks 731 00:46:00,719 --> 00:46:03,920 Speaker 1: can read your thoughts, but like could they? But I 732 00:46:03,920 --> 00:46:06,560 Speaker 1: would be willing to roll the disode. I feel like 733 00:46:06,600 --> 00:46:10,400 Speaker 1: if sharks were smarter, maybe they could since all of 734 00:46:10,440 --> 00:46:14,279 Speaker 1: the synaptic information. Sharks are dumb? Are they dumb? Yeah? 735 00:46:14,360 --> 00:46:18,080 Speaker 1: I mean sharks are fish and they're not super smart. 736 00:46:18,480 --> 00:46:20,759 Speaker 1: What a waste of their power? I know, I know. 737 00:46:21,719 --> 00:46:26,560 Speaker 1: So platypie can just since within several cubic centimeters because 738 00:46:26,600 --> 00:46:30,359 Speaker 1: they're they're pretty small in their little nerds. Yeah, it's dumb. 739 00:46:30,560 --> 00:46:33,680 Speaker 1: I was like, I have to be in I wouldn't 740 00:46:33,680 --> 00:46:38,200 Speaker 1: be in a platypus face. Well, so I read this 741 00:46:38,400 --> 00:46:43,480 Speaker 1: thing that this factoid about how sharks can detect the 742 00:46:43,600 --> 00:46:47,439 Speaker 1: charge between two batteries a thousand miles apart, and it's 743 00:46:47,480 --> 00:46:50,879 Speaker 1: a little bit misleading because while it's true they're able 744 00:46:50,920 --> 00:46:54,480 Speaker 1: to detect very faint charge, which is what the fact 745 00:46:54,520 --> 00:46:57,879 Speaker 1: it's sort of trying to get across. It's actually I mean, 746 00:46:58,000 --> 00:47:01,080 Speaker 1: first of all, it's not a thousand miles distance, which 747 00:47:01,480 --> 00:47:04,200 Speaker 1: right thought there could be a misinterpretation because like what 748 00:47:04,239 --> 00:47:06,239 Speaker 1: they're saying is like you run a wire between two 749 00:47:06,360 --> 00:47:10,080 Speaker 1: batteries thousand miles apart, in that very faint charge fits 750 00:47:10,120 --> 00:47:15,120 Speaker 1: within three feet of a wire. Yeah, it's very confusing. Yeah, 751 00:47:15,160 --> 00:47:17,520 Speaker 1: it's very confusing. It's so it's sort of a weird, 752 00:47:18,160 --> 00:47:21,440 Speaker 1: weird fact that gets repeated and then um, also, I 753 00:47:21,480 --> 00:47:25,239 Speaker 1: think that's just engineering wise, not possible. I don't think 754 00:47:25,280 --> 00:47:28,160 Speaker 1: you can run a wire, But right, has anyone who 755 00:47:28,200 --> 00:47:30,680 Speaker 1: has tested this? I don't think so. I think it 756 00:47:30,800 --> 00:47:32,719 Speaker 1: was it's just a way to say, like they're able 757 00:47:32,760 --> 00:47:37,640 Speaker 1: to detect very faint electrical fields, but it makes them 758 00:47:37,680 --> 00:47:43,520 Speaker 1: seem classic like they can find you a thousand miles away. 759 00:47:43,680 --> 00:47:47,360 Speaker 1: Not true. Now, just don't get in these animals. Faces 760 00:47:47,480 --> 00:47:51,239 Speaker 1: don't be within three ft three cubic feet of a shark. 761 00:47:51,640 --> 00:47:56,239 Speaker 1: That's just good practice, good sense. Yeah, So, Jamie, what 762 00:47:56,360 --> 00:48:00,719 Speaker 1: do you think cows, butterflies, birds, bees, flies, cockroaches, and 763 00:48:00,800 --> 00:48:04,879 Speaker 1: round worms have in common? Oh? Skin, nice, good one, 764 00:48:05,080 --> 00:48:08,480 Speaker 1: thank you. Well almost but not quite true because bees 765 00:48:08,640 --> 00:48:13,040 Speaker 1: and the other insects that I mentioned have stons. So 766 00:48:13,360 --> 00:48:19,279 Speaker 1: you failed. I failed the test yet leave. So the 767 00:48:19,360 --> 00:48:22,800 Speaker 1: answer to my stupid riddle is they can all detect 768 00:48:22,880 --> 00:48:28,320 Speaker 1: magnetic fields. Butterflies detect the Earth's magnetic fields in order 769 00:48:28,360 --> 00:48:32,360 Speaker 1: to navigate during migration, so they know the direction of 770 00:48:32,400 --> 00:48:35,080 Speaker 1: the field and then they go like, oh, this is 771 00:48:35,120 --> 00:48:37,080 Speaker 1: north and this is south, and then they're able to 772 00:48:37,800 --> 00:48:41,880 Speaker 1: go on their great migration. So this one's really interesting 773 00:48:41,960 --> 00:48:47,200 Speaker 1: because we don't actually really know how this happens. Researchers 774 00:48:47,239 --> 00:48:50,120 Speaker 1: are looking into it, but there's yet to be like 775 00:48:50,160 --> 00:48:53,600 Speaker 1: a solid answer on how animals are doing this. Wow, 776 00:48:53,719 --> 00:48:56,560 Speaker 1: not even one species specifically, all of them. Yeah, so 777 00:48:56,600 --> 00:48:58,680 Speaker 1: like some species we have a little bit of a 778 00:48:58,719 --> 00:49:05,959 Speaker 1: better idea. So cryptochromes are another pokemon. Like this sounds fake, 779 00:49:06,040 --> 00:49:10,000 Speaker 1: but yes, it's proteins that are found in animals um 780 00:49:10,280 --> 00:49:15,640 Speaker 1: and they're associated with light detection, so they you know, 781 00:49:15,719 --> 00:49:19,799 Speaker 1: like circadian rhythms and sleep cycles. The protein detects light 782 00:49:19,840 --> 00:49:22,399 Speaker 1: and it's like, oh, it's bedtime now. But they're also 783 00:49:22,440 --> 00:49:26,799 Speaker 1: thought to maybe be able to detect magnetic fields in butterfly, 784 00:49:27,000 --> 00:49:31,440 Speaker 1: birds and flies. But when researchers looked into whether this 785 00:49:31,520 --> 00:49:35,399 Speaker 1: is what is helping bees, they have disproved that. So 786 00:49:35,920 --> 00:49:40,320 Speaker 1: they put bees in this dark environment where they can't 787 00:49:40,360 --> 00:49:43,880 Speaker 1: see any light. So cryptic, I know, just being in 788 00:49:43,880 --> 00:49:49,600 Speaker 1: the dark night, the dark. But are the bees more 789 00:49:49,719 --> 00:49:53,600 Speaker 1: scared of you or the dark? Are you both scared 790 00:49:53,640 --> 00:49:59,960 Speaker 1: of the monsters? I'm extremely afraid of both. So cryptochromes 791 00:50:00,360 --> 00:50:03,919 Speaker 1: don't work without the presence of light. And they train 792 00:50:04,040 --> 00:50:07,600 Speaker 1: these bees to detect, like they know bees can detect 793 00:50:07,680 --> 00:50:11,000 Speaker 1: magnetic fields, and they train them to associate the magnetic 794 00:50:11,040 --> 00:50:13,680 Speaker 1: field with a tasty snack, so they would like go 795 00:50:13,840 --> 00:50:18,759 Speaker 1: towards the magnetic field and get reward. In the dark environment, 796 00:50:18,840 --> 00:50:22,040 Speaker 1: they could still do this. So the cryptochromes have nothing 797 00:50:22,080 --> 00:50:26,239 Speaker 1: to do with it, and they don't know exactly why 798 00:50:26,480 --> 00:50:31,359 Speaker 1: or how they can use the magneto reception, but they 799 00:50:31,400 --> 00:50:35,160 Speaker 1: think that maybe iron granules in their cells could be 800 00:50:35,239 --> 00:50:40,640 Speaker 1: responsible for it, because irons like it's encompasses, it's magnetic, 801 00:50:40,719 --> 00:50:48,280 Speaker 1: but they metals, metals magneto bees. That's terrifying. Yeah, that's terrifying. 802 00:50:48,800 --> 00:50:52,319 Speaker 1: So if you have anything magnetic, the bees can find you. 803 00:50:52,800 --> 00:50:55,520 Speaker 1: Well that I mean, the bees will always find you 804 00:50:55,600 --> 00:50:58,000 Speaker 1: no matter what. And I know how critical they are 805 00:50:58,080 --> 00:51:00,000 Speaker 1: to the world, but I need them far away from 806 00:51:00,640 --> 00:51:03,160 Speaker 1: at all times. Do you think any of these researchers 807 00:51:03,280 --> 00:51:07,000 Speaker 1: used their study for evil where they're like, I've trained 808 00:51:07,160 --> 00:51:11,480 Speaker 1: a swarm of bees to follow these magnetic fields. I 809 00:51:11,600 --> 00:51:15,880 Speaker 1: have bees you could really engineer, and you could just yeah, 810 00:51:15,960 --> 00:51:18,440 Speaker 1: engine your whole plane, Like go to the President and 811 00:51:18,520 --> 00:51:22,759 Speaker 1: be like like I am bees or and I have 812 00:51:22,920 --> 00:51:26,000 Speaker 1: the power of bees, and they will do as I say. 813 00:51:26,200 --> 00:51:28,120 Speaker 1: And then the President laughs him out of the room 814 00:51:28,160 --> 00:51:31,200 Speaker 1: and he's like it's like bees come hither, and like 815 00:51:31,320 --> 00:51:35,560 Speaker 1: turns on an electromagnet or something and all these bees 816 00:51:35,640 --> 00:51:39,640 Speaker 1: come towards God. I'd be like another Fox Sisters hoax. 817 00:51:39,680 --> 00:51:42,440 Speaker 1: You could just be science to trick the whole world 818 00:51:42,600 --> 00:51:47,799 Speaker 1: to become the b lord. I like this idea. Let's 819 00:51:48,160 --> 00:51:50,799 Speaker 1: let's remove this from the podcast, and then I'm going 820 00:51:50,880 --> 00:51:53,879 Speaker 1: to do it and I will, yeah, and you can 821 00:51:53,920 --> 00:51:56,880 Speaker 1: just pay me up to not tell anyone. So there's 822 00:51:56,920 --> 00:52:00,960 Speaker 1: also the issue of cows and deer a finding themselves 823 00:52:01,040 --> 00:52:05,960 Speaker 1: to the magnetic fields well grazing so from north to south, 824 00:52:06,400 --> 00:52:12,480 Speaker 1: and researchers used the Google the Google Google imaging to 825 00:52:13,239 --> 00:52:19,320 Speaker 1: study these pictures aerial satellite photos of cows and showed like, hey, 826 00:52:19,320 --> 00:52:22,520 Speaker 1: look they're all aligning themselves from north to south, so 827 00:52:22,640 --> 00:52:26,920 Speaker 1: other researchers couldn't replicate it. But then this one research 828 00:52:27,000 --> 00:52:31,120 Speaker 1: group that tried to disprove it was proven wrong by 829 00:52:31,320 --> 00:52:37,000 Speaker 1: other researchers. So, okay, if you're cad, what are the 830 00:52:37,080 --> 00:52:41,320 Speaker 1: cows doing? So the cows are aligning themselves from north 831 00:52:41,360 --> 00:52:45,800 Speaker 1: to south, so like, but south heads north or vice versa, 832 00:52:47,280 --> 00:52:53,000 Speaker 1: towards Santa towards Santa. Yeah, so the cows are trying 833 00:52:53,040 --> 00:52:57,560 Speaker 1: to find Santa. A group of researchers showed this. Their 834 00:52:57,640 --> 00:53:01,640 Speaker 1: research was questioned by this other group of researchers who said, no, 835 00:53:02,000 --> 00:53:05,799 Speaker 1: you're wrong, But then that group of cow doubters was 836 00:53:05,880 --> 00:53:09,680 Speaker 1: proven wrong. Researchers are so bitchy, I know. Can't you 837 00:53:09,760 --> 00:53:12,799 Speaker 1: just let the cows believe in Santa? Just let the 838 00:53:12,800 --> 00:53:15,879 Speaker 1: cows look at Santa. The cow's eyes are watching God. 839 00:53:16,280 --> 00:53:20,600 Speaker 1: I don't ask why is Santa God there? Yes, I 840 00:53:20,640 --> 00:53:23,680 Speaker 1: do use them interchangeably. I mean, they both got beards, 841 00:53:23,719 --> 00:53:28,359 Speaker 1: they're both omniscient, they both punished the wicked. Yeah, oh yeah, 842 00:53:28,360 --> 00:53:33,960 Speaker 1: they're they're both are hateful omient Oh no, oh my Santa, 843 00:53:34,239 --> 00:53:36,960 Speaker 1: I know they're the same. We have to ask the 844 00:53:37,080 --> 00:53:40,120 Speaker 1: cows they're one and the same, and the cows knew 845 00:53:40,120 --> 00:53:42,960 Speaker 1: it all along. The cows are trying to tell us, 846 00:53:43,080 --> 00:53:46,160 Speaker 1: so we kept eating them. We did. They're like, guys, 847 00:53:46,280 --> 00:53:49,120 Speaker 1: stop eating us so we can tell you about Santa God. 848 00:53:49,560 --> 00:53:52,400 Speaker 1: And then we're like, sorry, couldn't hear you? Over eating you? 849 00:53:52,480 --> 00:53:56,200 Speaker 1: Over eating you? Yeah, this is why, this is why 850 00:53:56,239 --> 00:54:00,160 Speaker 1: we can't have sensory hands, because right, yeah, well that's 851 00:54:00,160 --> 00:54:03,080 Speaker 1: why I want the ability to see an animal's expression, 852 00:54:03,120 --> 00:54:06,120 Speaker 1: because then I could see in the cow's eyes what 853 00:54:06,239 --> 00:54:08,760 Speaker 1: it's saying. And it's an urgent message. First it's saying 854 00:54:08,880 --> 00:54:12,120 Speaker 1: MoU and then it's saying don't eat me. But then 855 00:54:12,200 --> 00:54:16,080 Speaker 1: thirdly it's saying, Santa is God. Watch out. This is 856 00:54:16,120 --> 00:54:20,239 Speaker 1: a very Eliza Thornbury school. It's exactly what I know. 857 00:54:20,880 --> 00:54:25,400 Speaker 1: Why didn't Eliza like ever do anything useful with her powers. 858 00:54:25,520 --> 00:54:27,920 Speaker 1: I know she's pretty selfish with it. I know, tell 859 00:54:28,000 --> 00:54:30,120 Speaker 1: me a child, but it's like, come on, come on, 860 00:54:30,760 --> 00:54:33,000 Speaker 1: she was supposed to be the smart one. But like, 861 00:54:33,120 --> 00:54:37,040 Speaker 1: she never has animals, right, she doesn't have animals rise 862 00:54:37,160 --> 00:54:41,200 Speaker 1: up against humans, kill everyone and establish a beautiful new 863 00:54:41,280 --> 00:54:43,600 Speaker 1: animal world. I want to know what would happened if 864 00:54:43,680 --> 00:54:45,400 Speaker 1: Debbie had the power. I feel like she would have 865 00:54:45,440 --> 00:54:48,960 Speaker 1: created an evil business. Oh yeah, so you guys remember 866 00:54:49,280 --> 00:54:53,399 Speaker 1: Thornberry's Debbie Liza's Thornberry is a girl who could talk 867 00:54:53,440 --> 00:54:57,520 Speaker 1: to animals. Debbie was she was cutie. But Debbie was 868 00:54:57,560 --> 00:55:00,920 Speaker 1: the cool older sister who listened to like smashing pumpkins 869 00:55:01,040 --> 00:55:04,680 Speaker 1: or whatever. Crop top. Yeah, she was cool. She was awesome. 870 00:55:04,760 --> 00:55:07,360 Speaker 1: She wore like a flannel yeah, and then she she 871 00:55:07,440 --> 00:55:11,160 Speaker 1: was kind of grunge. Yeah, awesome. If Debbie could talk 872 00:55:11,200 --> 00:55:13,480 Speaker 1: to animals, that show would have been a hundred percent 873 00:55:13,600 --> 00:55:17,960 Speaker 1: cooler because she would have been getting drafts high, like. 874 00:55:18,360 --> 00:55:20,520 Speaker 1: She would have been some Yeah, she had been doing 875 00:55:20,600 --> 00:55:23,840 Speaker 1: dabs with girafts. She would have been you know, I 876 00:55:23,880 --> 00:55:26,320 Speaker 1: think she would have met some evil animals and started 877 00:55:26,360 --> 00:55:31,520 Speaker 1: a band, yeah, like Howler Monkey band, like really exploiting 878 00:55:31,560 --> 00:55:34,120 Speaker 1: the animals to her own gain. And that is what 879 00:55:34,160 --> 00:55:36,640 Speaker 1: I want to watch. That's a kind of late capitalism. 880 00:55:36,640 --> 00:55:42,000 Speaker 1: I'm here for I'm here for it. So humans can't 881 00:55:42,120 --> 00:55:45,840 Speaker 1: use electro or magneto reception, but there are some examples 882 00:55:45,840 --> 00:55:49,560 Speaker 1: of extraordinary alternative ways people have come up with to 883 00:55:49,920 --> 00:55:53,799 Speaker 1: see the world. People who are blind have invented a 884 00:55:53,880 --> 00:55:57,520 Speaker 1: form of flicking to help navigate the world. This is 885 00:55:57,560 --> 00:56:03,520 Speaker 1: called human echolocation. It works similarly to bat echolocation. The 886 00:56:03,680 --> 00:56:07,440 Speaker 1: clicks bounce off nearby objects, and people learn to identify 887 00:56:07,520 --> 00:56:10,520 Speaker 1: the different sounds of the clicks when they're bouncing off 888 00:56:10,520 --> 00:56:14,560 Speaker 1: different obstacles. So you can do it in a few 889 00:56:14,600 --> 00:56:17,440 Speaker 1: different ways. You can tap your foot or a cane, 890 00:56:17,520 --> 00:56:19,879 Speaker 1: or tap your palette so like if you can click 891 00:56:19,920 --> 00:56:24,680 Speaker 1: your tongue against your palet like and researchers have actually 892 00:56:25,000 --> 00:56:27,520 Speaker 1: tried to quantify this, so they've worked with people who 893 00:56:27,560 --> 00:56:31,799 Speaker 1: have become experts at echolocation, and not only have they 894 00:56:31,840 --> 00:56:35,600 Speaker 1: found that they're able to identify different objects like cars 895 00:56:35,600 --> 00:56:39,520 Speaker 1: and trees, but also found out that while echolocating, the 896 00:56:39,640 --> 00:56:43,400 Speaker 1: visual cortex of the brain becomes active. And this is 897 00:56:43,440 --> 00:56:46,560 Speaker 1: not true of someone who's not practiced at echolocation. So 898 00:56:46,600 --> 00:56:50,200 Speaker 1: you can't just click and have your visual cortex light up. 899 00:56:50,719 --> 00:56:53,880 Speaker 1: It's years and years of practice and associating your clicking 900 00:56:53,880 --> 00:56:58,960 Speaker 1: and echolocation is seen. So masters of echolocation can function 901 00:56:59,200 --> 00:57:04,040 Speaker 1: similarly to decided people. Ben Underwood had his eyes removed 902 00:57:04,080 --> 00:57:07,280 Speaker 1: when he was only three years old due to retinal cancer, 903 00:57:07,760 --> 00:57:10,720 Speaker 1: and he taught himself to echo locate since age five. 904 00:57:11,239 --> 00:57:14,040 Speaker 1: He was able to play sports like basketball. He was 905 00:57:14,120 --> 00:57:18,640 Speaker 1: able to skateboard and rollerblade and completely avoid obstacles. Tom 906 00:57:18,720 --> 00:57:23,040 Speaker 1: Dewight is another expert of human echolocation. He's known as 907 00:57:23,160 --> 00:57:27,240 Speaker 1: the Batman of Belgium, which I object to because Batman 908 00:57:27,640 --> 00:57:31,760 Speaker 1: was lame compared to him. Tom Dewhite's skills were way cooler, 909 00:57:32,400 --> 00:57:34,720 Speaker 1: So I feel like Batman should be called the Tom 910 00:57:34,800 --> 00:57:41,600 Speaker 1: Dwight of Gotham. So, Jamie, thank you so much for 911 00:57:41,680 --> 00:57:44,120 Speaker 1: joining me today. Thank you for having me. He got 912 00:57:44,120 --> 00:57:47,200 Speaker 1: anything to plug? Uh? Yeah, you can listen to my 913 00:57:47,280 --> 00:57:49,800 Speaker 1: podcast I House with Caitlin Dorante. It's called the beck 914 00:57:49,840 --> 00:57:55,200 Speaker 1: Del Cast. Every Thursday, we analyze a very popular movie 915 00:57:55,240 --> 00:57:59,200 Speaker 1: through a feminist lens and it's really funnily learned. That's awesome. Yeah, 916 00:57:59,240 --> 00:58:02,680 Speaker 1: thank you for ru new movies for us. All. I 917 00:58:02,800 --> 00:58:05,320 Speaker 1: like I do that too, Like whenever I watch a movie, 918 00:58:05,360 --> 00:58:07,400 Speaker 1: I ruin it in my head, so I feel like 919 00:58:07,440 --> 00:58:11,120 Speaker 1: if someone else ruins it for me, it's just ticks 920 00:58:11,160 --> 00:58:14,520 Speaker 1: out of step. It allows people to hate us personally, right, right, 921 00:58:14,520 --> 00:58:17,800 Speaker 1: I blame I can blame you instead of my overactive 922 00:58:18,040 --> 00:58:22,680 Speaker 1: brain to be blamed. So you can follow me at 923 00:58:22,760 --> 00:58:26,080 Speaker 1: Katie Golden or at co bird Writes, which I would 924 00:58:26,280 --> 00:58:29,720 Speaker 1: totally suggest because birds are awesome. You can also follow 925 00:58:29,840 --> 00:58:30,880 Speaker 1: us on Twitter.