1 00:00:02,840 --> 00:00:06,880 Speaker 1: From Mediators World News headquarters in Bozeman, Montana. This is 2 00:00:06,960 --> 00:00:11,360 Speaker 1: Cal's weekend review, presented by Steel. Steel products are available 3 00:00:11,400 --> 00:00:15,160 Speaker 1: only at authorized dealers. For more, go to Steel Dealers 4 00:00:15,320 --> 00:00:22,239 Speaker 1: dot com. Now here's your host, Ryan cal Callahan. A 5 00:00:22,360 --> 00:00:26,480 Speaker 1: commercial lobster diver named Michael Packard was swallowed by a 6 00:00:26,560 --> 00:00:32,440 Speaker 1: humpback whale last week. Well mouthed maybe the more accurate term. 7 00:00:32,479 --> 00:00:35,720 Speaker 1: According to Packard, he was held on the humpback's tongue, 8 00:00:35,880 --> 00:00:40,040 Speaker 1: where it was completely black. Humpbacks can grow between forty 9 00:00:40,040 --> 00:00:42,400 Speaker 1: two and fifty three feet in length and weigh in 10 00:00:42,440 --> 00:00:45,199 Speaker 1: around eighty thousand pounds. What I'm trying to say is 11 00:00:45,479 --> 00:00:49,000 Speaker 1: that's a big tongue and Packard was occupying a small 12 00:00:49,080 --> 00:00:57,000 Speaker 1: part of it. Packard was outfitted with scuba equipment and 13 00:00:57,240 --> 00:01:00,760 Speaker 1: estimates being in the whale's mouth for thirty to forty seconds, 14 00:01:01,080 --> 00:01:04,640 Speaker 1: which is a long time to be underwater, let alone 15 00:01:04,720 --> 00:01:10,000 Speaker 1: inside someone's mouth. Packard has a perspective on life very 16 00:01:10,160 --> 00:01:13,720 Speaker 1: very few people will ever get. Perhaps the only other 17 00:01:13,760 --> 00:01:17,960 Speaker 1: person documented could be Jonah from the Bible, which brings 18 00:01:17,959 --> 00:01:21,760 Speaker 1: to mind that great John Prime song, Dear John, you 19 00:01:21,800 --> 00:01:24,360 Speaker 1: know it's about the guy's wife. Leaving him. She leaves 20 00:01:24,360 --> 00:01:27,640 Speaker 1: a note like the Dear John note and the verses 21 00:01:27,720 --> 00:01:30,360 Speaker 1: like Jonah got along in the belly of a whale 22 00:01:30,560 --> 00:01:34,360 Speaker 1: Daniel Malyon's Damn, I know a guy that didn't try 23 00:01:34,440 --> 00:01:39,640 Speaker 1: to get along. He won't get a chance again. Well, 24 00:01:39,800 --> 00:01:43,039 Speaker 1: all she wrote is exactly what Packard assumed life had 25 00:01:43,040 --> 00:01:45,919 Speaker 1: in store for him. In that thirty to forty seconds, 26 00:01:45,959 --> 00:01:47,960 Speaker 1: he had time to think, I am in the mouth 27 00:01:48,160 --> 00:01:51,000 Speaker 1: of a great white, but then thought I don't seem 28 00:01:51,040 --> 00:01:53,360 Speaker 1: to be harmed, and there aren't any sharp teeth. He 29 00:01:53,440 --> 00:01:55,960 Speaker 1: then thought about his two boys, and he had time 30 00:01:56,000 --> 00:01:59,600 Speaker 1: to think that this is the end. He's over, he's finished, 31 00:02:00,160 --> 00:02:02,720 Speaker 1: and most importantly, had time to think of how the 32 00:02:02,760 --> 00:02:06,400 Speaker 1: whale did not seem to react well to his attempts 33 00:02:06,440 --> 00:02:10,120 Speaker 1: to thrash about, which is what he did. In his words, 34 00:02:10,240 --> 00:02:13,400 Speaker 1: He eventually saw light and the whale started throwing his 35 00:02:13,480 --> 00:02:15,800 Speaker 1: head side to side, and the next thing he knew 36 00:02:15,960 --> 00:02:18,880 Speaker 1: he was outside in the water. He was spit out, 37 00:02:19,160 --> 00:02:23,120 Speaker 1: regurgitated almost Packard was picked up by his crew and 38 00:02:23,200 --> 00:02:26,279 Speaker 1: taken to the Cape Cod Hospital, where he was eventually 39 00:02:26,320 --> 00:02:31,359 Speaker 1: released with no broken bones, just bruises. Humpback whales are 40 00:02:31,440 --> 00:02:34,240 Speaker 1: baleen whales, meaning they have no teeth, and a hunt 41 00:02:34,280 --> 00:02:37,760 Speaker 1: by scooping up large schools of food like the sand lance, 42 00:02:37,800 --> 00:02:40,000 Speaker 1: which is a fish that was observed swimming around in 43 00:02:40,040 --> 00:02:43,080 Speaker 1: the area along with striped bass. In order to trap 44 00:02:43,240 --> 00:02:46,560 Speaker 1: large schools, the whale's vision is blocked when they opened 45 00:02:46,560 --> 00:02:51,040 Speaker 1: their mouths really wide. This action occasionally results in bycatch. 46 00:02:51,440 --> 00:02:55,360 Speaker 1: They then forced the water out, and that baleen traps 47 00:02:55,400 --> 00:02:58,040 Speaker 1: the food in and lets the water go out. In 48 00:02:58,080 --> 00:03:02,720 Speaker 1: this case it also trapped in are Mr Packard. On average, 49 00:03:02,919 --> 00:03:06,440 Speaker 1: a humpback needs about three thousand pounds of fish a day, 50 00:03:06,520 --> 00:03:09,880 Speaker 1: which just by eyeballing it would be the equivalent of 51 00:03:10,440 --> 00:03:15,600 Speaker 1: seventeen point six four Michael Packard's. Packard reportedly is going 52 00:03:15,840 --> 00:03:19,239 Speaker 1: right back to diving with a whale of a story 53 00:03:19,280 --> 00:03:22,280 Speaker 1: to tell and only minus a few days of his 54 00:03:22,400 --> 00:03:26,200 Speaker 1: lobster season, which is truly incredible. I have got to 55 00:03:26,240 --> 00:03:30,800 Speaker 1: say congratulations to you, Michael Packard, and the whole family 56 00:03:30,840 --> 00:03:33,880 Speaker 1: that gets to keep you around. I am truly jealous 57 00:03:34,120 --> 00:03:38,080 Speaker 1: of the story you now have pace yourself on retelling it. 58 00:03:38,680 --> 00:03:41,120 Speaker 1: Something tells me you may be getting asked about this 59 00:03:41,120 --> 00:03:44,080 Speaker 1: one for a while. In fact, your fate may be 60 00:03:44,240 --> 00:03:48,320 Speaker 1: sealed as the most popular grandpa on the block already, 61 00:03:48,360 --> 00:03:49,920 Speaker 1: and your boys have a way to go to make 62 00:03:49,960 --> 00:03:53,400 Speaker 1: that happen. In my day, we didn't have these fancy 63 00:03:53,720 --> 00:03:56,880 Speaker 1: seat built In my day. If you stop suddenly you 64 00:03:56,920 --> 00:04:00,840 Speaker 1: knew exactly where you were going, straight through, knowing shield 65 00:04:01,120 --> 00:04:05,520 Speaker 1: you were dead and united it. This week we've got 66 00:04:05,560 --> 00:04:09,800 Speaker 1: anal Glad, Nipples, Alaska grizzly Bears, and so much more. 67 00:04:10,120 --> 00:04:13,680 Speaker 1: But first I'm gonna tell you about my week and 68 00:04:13,760 --> 00:04:16,560 Speaker 1: my week as well as this podcast is brought to 69 00:04:16,560 --> 00:04:19,840 Speaker 1: you by Steel Power Equipment. But you already know that 70 00:04:22,920 --> 00:04:25,440 Speaker 1: I am back in the sunny state of California after 71 00:04:25,480 --> 00:04:28,440 Speaker 1: a brief gear swap of twenty four hours in Montana. 72 00:04:28,880 --> 00:04:31,520 Speaker 1: I am meeting up with some friends from Rife International 73 00:04:31,720 --> 00:04:35,920 Speaker 1: to explore the California coast primarily for white sea bass 74 00:04:36,040 --> 00:04:38,960 Speaker 1: as well as some other species. The white sea bass 75 00:04:39,000 --> 00:04:41,640 Speaker 1: story is an interesting one, and I hope I can 76 00:04:41,720 --> 00:04:43,919 Speaker 1: lay it out for you in a future episode of 77 00:04:43,960 --> 00:04:46,600 Speaker 1: cal in the Field. Although the white sea bass has 78 00:04:46,600 --> 00:04:50,040 Speaker 1: been a prized fish for both the commercial and recreational 79 00:04:50,080 --> 00:04:52,960 Speaker 1: fishery here in California for at least as long as 80 00:04:53,000 --> 00:04:56,719 Speaker 1: it's been a state. The question of is this fishing 81 00:04:56,800 --> 00:05:01,679 Speaker 1: sustainable has been lingering for about a hundred years. Real 82 00:05:01,760 --> 00:05:04,520 Speaker 1: action to assess the health of the fishery and the 83 00:05:04,560 --> 00:05:07,680 Speaker 1: impacts of harvest and how the fish are harvested has 84 00:05:07,720 --> 00:05:12,039 Speaker 1: been a progressive process, eventually resulting in a moratorium on 85 00:05:12,120 --> 00:05:16,360 Speaker 1: gill nets and greatly reduced recreational take, specifically during a 86 00:05:16,440 --> 00:05:19,960 Speaker 1: portion of the bass spawning season. On this trip, I'm 87 00:05:19,960 --> 00:05:22,120 Speaker 1: gonna meet up with and take a look at a 88 00:05:22,120 --> 00:05:26,320 Speaker 1: state run hatchery, a volunteer run rearing pen for sea bass, 89 00:05:26,520 --> 00:05:29,880 Speaker 1: and eventually make it out into the Channel Islands, maybe 90 00:05:29,960 --> 00:05:33,360 Speaker 1: even beyond, to try and find the adult fish on 91 00:05:33,400 --> 00:05:37,720 Speaker 1: their spawning grounds. Obviously, lots more to come and much 92 00:05:37,760 --> 00:05:40,479 Speaker 1: to learn. I'm super excited for this one. I am 93 00:05:40,560 --> 00:05:43,760 Speaker 1: super excited to show you all of what I find. 94 00:05:44,279 --> 00:05:46,120 Speaker 1: But for now we're gonna move on. We got lots 95 00:05:46,120 --> 00:05:50,080 Speaker 1: of talk about a few news items have crossed my 96 00:05:50,200 --> 00:05:53,960 Speaker 1: radar recently on the rise of the polar bear grizzly hybrid. 97 00:05:54,320 --> 00:05:57,680 Speaker 1: The articles detail how climate change has been reducing the 98 00:05:57,720 --> 00:06:00,760 Speaker 1: sea ice that polar bears used to go after seals, 99 00:06:01,000 --> 00:06:04,680 Speaker 1: forcing them to move further south into more challenging habitat 100 00:06:04,800 --> 00:06:08,320 Speaker 1: to find food. At the same time, warming temps move 101 00:06:08,400 --> 00:06:11,440 Speaker 1: grizzlies further north into the range of the polar bear, 102 00:06:12,000 --> 00:06:14,719 Speaker 1: and then as it goes, a young bear's thoughts turn 103 00:06:14,800 --> 00:06:17,840 Speaker 1: to love and boom, we get a combo of the 104 00:06:17,880 --> 00:06:23,080 Speaker 1: two called either groller bears or pizzles. Of those two names, 105 00:06:23,320 --> 00:06:26,839 Speaker 1: I personally lean towards groller bear, and I'll tell you why. 106 00:06:27,000 --> 00:06:30,119 Speaker 1: Sometimes I buy pizzle sticks for the old snort dog. 107 00:06:30,520 --> 00:06:32,839 Speaker 1: You know, the dog treat made from the dried member 108 00:06:32,880 --> 00:06:36,280 Speaker 1: of a steer. So a pizley sort of sounds like 109 00:06:36,360 --> 00:06:39,680 Speaker 1: the same item, but off a majestic bear instead of 110 00:06:39,680 --> 00:06:44,600 Speaker 1: a beef cattle, which just doesn't seem right. Now. I'm 111 00:06:44,600 --> 00:06:47,040 Speaker 1: gonna back up real quick and lay out some facts. 112 00:06:47,720 --> 00:06:52,080 Speaker 1: Pisley v. Groller is not as simple as a naming preference. 113 00:06:52,120 --> 00:06:56,160 Speaker 1: It is actually the sire that determines the name. Pisley 114 00:06:56,240 --> 00:06:58,839 Speaker 1: is what you would call the offspring of a male 115 00:06:58,920 --> 00:07:02,200 Speaker 1: polar bear bree eating with a female grizzly bear, and 116 00:07:02,279 --> 00:07:05,720 Speaker 1: a groller bear is the result of a male grizzly 117 00:07:06,000 --> 00:07:09,800 Speaker 1: breeding with a female polar bear. Just like in the 118 00:07:09,960 --> 00:07:13,920 Speaker 1: domestic livestock world, a beeflow is the offspring of a 119 00:07:14,120 --> 00:07:18,440 Speaker 1: domestic bull beef cattle and a bison cow. Buffa beef 120 00:07:18,760 --> 00:07:21,760 Speaker 1: is the offspring of a bull, bison and a domestic cow. 121 00:07:22,320 --> 00:07:24,360 Speaker 1: And to back up a bit more, the fantasy of 122 00:07:24,400 --> 00:07:28,600 Speaker 1: young love is often just that, a fantasy in the wild, 123 00:07:28,840 --> 00:07:32,720 Speaker 1: especially when talking about male predator populations. It is often 124 00:07:32,720 --> 00:07:35,480 Speaker 1: the young males that are getting their butts kicked even 125 00:07:35,560 --> 00:07:39,000 Speaker 1: killed during the breeding season by older bears. Male and 126 00:07:39,160 --> 00:07:44,560 Speaker 1: female love hurts. Anyway, reading these stories, you'd think that 127 00:07:44,640 --> 00:07:47,880 Speaker 1: a big sloth of a moocha colored bear had just 128 00:07:48,040 --> 00:07:50,920 Speaker 1: been turning up outside of like Edmonton or something, and 129 00:07:50,960 --> 00:07:54,560 Speaker 1: that the hybrids were spreading like cold weather termites. The 130 00:07:54,640 --> 00:07:58,560 Speaker 1: subtitle of one of these articles even declares quote hybrid 131 00:07:58,640 --> 00:08:02,360 Speaker 1: polar grizzly bears are taking over, which kind of conjures 132 00:08:02,440 --> 00:08:05,560 Speaker 1: images of like white walker type creatures in Game of 133 00:08:05,600 --> 00:08:11,160 Speaker 1: Thrones descending on the populated areas. We know what's coming 134 00:08:11,200 --> 00:08:17,760 Speaker 1: with it. The last confirmed hybrid bear seems to have 135 00:08:17,840 --> 00:08:21,200 Speaker 1: been identified in two thousand fourteen, and every couple of 136 00:08:21,280 --> 00:08:24,440 Speaker 1: years a new batch of articles comes out about the phenomenon. 137 00:08:24,600 --> 00:08:29,240 Speaker 1: Referring to this same research. Hybrids are being born, it's 138 00:08:29,320 --> 00:08:32,280 Speaker 1: just that people aren't coming across them every year, and 139 00:08:32,400 --> 00:08:36,080 Speaker 1: they remain rare. Keep in mind, an adult male polar 140 00:08:36,120 --> 00:08:39,120 Speaker 1: bear can weigh in at about a thousand pounds, while 141 00:08:39,160 --> 00:08:43,880 Speaker 1: an interior or non coastal sal grizz is probably between 142 00:08:44,040 --> 00:08:47,440 Speaker 1: three d four hundred pounds. The coastal brown bear is 143 00:08:47,440 --> 00:08:50,560 Speaker 1: typically much larger, but there is still a good sized 144 00:08:50,640 --> 00:08:53,840 Speaker 1: difference between the polar bear and a coastal brown bear. 145 00:08:54,440 --> 00:08:58,040 Speaker 1: All that to say, whether it be pisley or groller, 146 00:08:58,400 --> 00:09:00,720 Speaker 1: the pair would have more to overcome, um than just 147 00:09:01,040 --> 00:09:03,960 Speaker 1: the odds of bumping into each other in a vast landscape. 148 00:09:04,360 --> 00:09:07,520 Speaker 1: There's a good size and appearance difference as well. But 149 00:09:07,920 --> 00:09:09,920 Speaker 1: here are a few things we do know for sure. 150 00:09:10,559 --> 00:09:14,640 Speaker 1: Before two thousand six, scientists debated whether grizzlies and polar 151 00:09:14,640 --> 00:09:17,720 Speaker 1: bears could even made at all. The two species were 152 00:09:17,760 --> 00:09:21,080 Speaker 1: thought to have diverged about five and seven hundred thousand 153 00:09:21,160 --> 00:09:24,520 Speaker 1: years ago, which is about a hundred thousand years earlier 154 00:09:24,559 --> 00:09:28,640 Speaker 1: than when Homo sapiens and Neanderthal's parted ways. The wisdom 155 00:09:28,679 --> 00:09:32,120 Speaker 1: at the time was that species as distinct as these 156 00:09:32,160 --> 00:09:37,080 Speaker 1: two stayed distinct, But then in two thousand six, hunters 157 00:09:37,160 --> 00:09:41,640 Speaker 1: named Jim Martel and Roger Kuptana shot an unusual bear 158 00:09:41,720 --> 00:09:45,080 Speaker 1: on Banks Island in the Northwest Territories of Canada. The 159 00:09:45,120 --> 00:09:47,480 Speaker 1: bear had the thick white fur of a polar bear, 160 00:09:47,640 --> 00:09:50,280 Speaker 1: but it had longer claws than a polar bear typically 161 00:09:50,280 --> 00:09:53,200 Speaker 1: does and more humped back in a shallower face, as 162 00:09:53,240 --> 00:09:56,480 Speaker 1: well as dark patches around its eyes, nose, back, and feet. 163 00:09:57,040 --> 00:10:00,320 Speaker 1: Genetic analysis confirmed that it was in fact a mix 164 00:10:00,520 --> 00:10:04,560 Speaker 1: of a polar bear and a grizzly bear, a hybrid them. 165 00:10:04,720 --> 00:10:08,120 Speaker 1: Between two thousand six and two thousand fourteen, nine more 166 00:10:08,200 --> 00:10:11,760 Speaker 1: mixed bears were discovered. Genetic analysis of all of these 167 00:10:11,800 --> 00:10:16,320 Speaker 1: bears showed not only recent hybridization, but a complex history 168 00:10:16,320 --> 00:10:19,880 Speaker 1: of gradual divergence of the two species, with periodic back 169 00:10:19,920 --> 00:10:23,000 Speaker 1: crossings between them. This leads to bears who have the 170 00:10:23,040 --> 00:10:26,760 Speaker 1: hollow hair characteristic of polar bears on most of their bodies. 171 00:10:27,080 --> 00:10:29,840 Speaker 1: The hollow hair insulates better in the cold with the 172 00:10:30,000 --> 00:10:33,760 Speaker 1: solid grizzly hair type around the pause. But what I 173 00:10:33,840 --> 00:10:37,200 Speaker 1: find just as interesting as the mixing of these species 174 00:10:37,280 --> 00:10:39,400 Speaker 1: is the way they compete with each other as the 175 00:10:39,440 --> 00:10:43,599 Speaker 1: world changes. Keep in mind, the word compete doesn't necessarily 176 00:10:43,640 --> 00:10:47,719 Speaker 1: mean duking it out like gladiators in the colosseum. Compete 177 00:10:47,960 --> 00:10:51,800 Speaker 1: can mean whose genes are passed on, which kind of 178 00:10:51,840 --> 00:10:53,720 Speaker 1: brings us back to the love making side of things. 179 00:10:54,240 --> 00:10:57,400 Speaker 1: Polar bears are losing habitat. In two thousand twenty one, 180 00:10:57,400 --> 00:11:00,880 Speaker 1: the northern hemisphere glacial maximum was three hundred and thirty 181 00:11:00,920 --> 00:11:05,559 Speaker 1: six thousand miles smaller than the average maximum between two 182 00:11:05,600 --> 00:11:10,200 Speaker 1: thousand ten. That means to California's worth of ice have 183 00:11:10,360 --> 00:11:14,240 Speaker 1: been lost. The solid shoreline of ice that provides polar 184 00:11:14,280 --> 00:11:18,280 Speaker 1: bears the hunting opportunity to lunge after seals is literally 185 00:11:18,320 --> 00:11:22,920 Speaker 1: breaking up, and grizzlies have been moving north As the 186 00:11:22,960 --> 00:11:26,400 Speaker 1: two species overlap. Polar bears have a harder time holding 187 00:11:26,440 --> 00:11:30,000 Speaker 1: their own because they are much more specialized apex predators. 188 00:11:30,480 --> 00:11:33,400 Speaker 1: Their skulls are longer for reaching out into water for 189 00:11:33,440 --> 00:11:36,679 Speaker 1: their prey, their molars are much flatter, and their jaws 190 00:11:36,800 --> 00:11:40,360 Speaker 1: not as strong. Because their diet of seal blubber is 191 00:11:40,400 --> 00:11:43,240 Speaker 1: so soft, they don't have to chew through bone and 192 00:11:43,320 --> 00:11:47,079 Speaker 1: plant material the way grizzlies do. It's interesting to think 193 00:11:47,120 --> 00:11:50,400 Speaker 1: about grizzlies as a kind of invasive species here, or 194 00:11:50,400 --> 00:11:53,880 Speaker 1: at least a generalist species like coyotes or white tailed deer, 195 00:11:54,080 --> 00:11:57,600 Speaker 1: which have thrived not because they're better or stronger, but 196 00:11:57,720 --> 00:12:01,400 Speaker 1: because they do pretty well in a lot of different conditions. 197 00:12:01,920 --> 00:12:06,000 Speaker 1: Grizzlies can happily eat seal blubber and elk bones and 198 00:12:06,040 --> 00:12:10,000 Speaker 1: blueberry bushes and garbage, whereas polar bears are stuck when 199 00:12:10,000 --> 00:12:12,800 Speaker 1: the seals get harder to access and they have to eat, 200 00:12:13,440 --> 00:12:17,480 Speaker 1: as the biologists put it, a more mechanically challenging diet. 201 00:12:18,200 --> 00:12:22,120 Speaker 1: The polar bears Latin name Ursus maritimas indicates that the 202 00:12:22,160 --> 00:12:26,800 Speaker 1: polar bear needs a stable marine environment to deploy its adaptations, 203 00:12:27,240 --> 00:12:31,439 Speaker 1: whereas the brown bear or Ursus arctos does pretty well 204 00:12:31,480 --> 00:12:35,480 Speaker 1: above the Arctic circle in general. See that tie back 205 00:12:35,520 --> 00:12:41,240 Speaker 1: into generalist you're paying attention. Last note on the groller 206 00:12:41,280 --> 00:12:45,439 Speaker 1: bear Pizzley topic. The combining of names like this, converting 207 00:12:45,440 --> 00:12:49,600 Speaker 1: the words smoke and fog into smog, just like polar 208 00:12:49,640 --> 00:12:54,120 Speaker 1: bear and grizzly bear into pizzley or groller, is called 209 00:12:54,400 --> 00:12:59,240 Speaker 1: a portmanteau word. Portmanteau is the French word for suitcase, 210 00:12:59,640 --> 00:13:02,040 Speaker 1: which I kind of like because it makes me think 211 00:13:02,080 --> 00:13:04,920 Speaker 1: of stuffing a polar bear and the Grizzly into a suitcase, 212 00:13:05,120 --> 00:13:07,280 Speaker 1: carrying it around for a while, and being able to 213 00:13:07,360 --> 00:13:10,760 Speaker 1: pop that sucker open whenever you feel like it. I 214 00:13:10,840 --> 00:13:16,120 Speaker 1: just thought i'd share that with you. Yeah, Yeah, we're happy. 215 00:13:20,960 --> 00:13:23,840 Speaker 1: Quick couple of mentions from the YouTube and social media desk. 216 00:13:24,360 --> 00:13:26,640 Speaker 1: If you have not gotten hooked on the meat Eater 217 00:13:26,800 --> 00:13:30,000 Speaker 1: Hunts YouTube series with our own Janice patel Us, check 218 00:13:30,040 --> 00:13:33,600 Speaker 1: it out. Elk Mule to your white Tail. Great instruction. 219 00:13:34,200 --> 00:13:38,040 Speaker 1: Janice does a fantastic job of putting the viewer in 220 00:13:38,200 --> 00:13:41,600 Speaker 1: the scene only found at the meat Eator YouTube channel. 221 00:13:41,800 --> 00:13:44,320 Speaker 1: If you were searching for that motivation to get out 222 00:13:44,360 --> 00:13:47,199 Speaker 1: to the range and practice with your rifle or bow 223 00:13:47,480 --> 00:13:54,679 Speaker 1: or shotgun, this is it. Next up, Grizzly three, the 224 00:13:54,760 --> 00:13:58,000 Speaker 1: ultra famous grizz who lives in Grand Teton National Park 225 00:13:58,080 --> 00:14:02,439 Speaker 1: and requires a small army ofvolunteers to keep the paparazzi away, 226 00:14:02,480 --> 00:14:06,280 Speaker 1: recently justified her A list status in a big way. 227 00:14:06,480 --> 00:14:10,319 Speaker 1: The photographer Rachel Sandoval was there to capture the year 228 00:14:10,360 --> 00:14:13,680 Speaker 1: old sou barreling after and bringing down a brand new 229 00:14:13,760 --> 00:14:17,560 Speaker 1: Elk calf still sporting its spots, then feeding on the 230 00:14:17,600 --> 00:14:20,960 Speaker 1: carcass with her cubs there were even a few skirmishes 231 00:14:21,080 --> 00:14:25,440 Speaker 1: between the cubs during the meal. It's awesome. These images 232 00:14:25,520 --> 00:14:29,360 Speaker 1: are simply phenomenal. A wake of dust spreading out behind 233 00:14:29,400 --> 00:14:33,840 Speaker 1: the grizz, long springtime claws clearly visible, the four little 234 00:14:33,880 --> 00:14:36,680 Speaker 1: cubs trying to keep up, not really knowing what's going on. 235 00:14:37,080 --> 00:14:39,360 Speaker 1: The calf with all four hoofs off the ground, trying 236 00:14:39,360 --> 00:14:42,280 Speaker 1: its best to escape. It's well worth your time to 237 00:14:42,360 --> 00:14:45,560 Speaker 1: look for. These still images and the video of another 238 00:14:45,640 --> 00:14:49,640 Speaker 1: three elk calf encounter from this past may both are 239 00:14:49,720 --> 00:14:53,560 Speaker 1: great refreshers on the power, speed, and agility of an 240 00:14:53,560 --> 00:14:58,400 Speaker 1: old mama grizz Speaking in general terms, grizzlies eat a 241 00:14:58,400 --> 00:15:01,600 Speaker 1: lot of plant matter, but you can see clearly that 242 00:15:01,680 --> 00:15:05,000 Speaker 1: a change of menu was a top priority for three. 243 00:15:06,320 --> 00:15:08,680 Speaker 1: Check them out, but not just yet, we got a 244 00:15:08,680 --> 00:15:13,880 Speaker 1: lot to cover. Moving on to the crime desk, thirty 245 00:15:13,920 --> 00:15:17,280 Speaker 1: nine year old Brett Stomach was sentenced to fifteen months 246 00:15:17,280 --> 00:15:21,520 Speaker 1: in prison and find ninety five thousand dollars for trespassing 247 00:15:21,560 --> 00:15:25,320 Speaker 1: onto the Red Lake Chippewa reservation in northern Minnesota and 248 00:15:25,400 --> 00:15:29,200 Speaker 1: poaching a seven hundred pound black bear. It's clear that 249 00:15:29,280 --> 00:15:31,840 Speaker 1: Stomach bit off a little more than he could chew 250 00:15:32,200 --> 00:15:34,920 Speaker 1: as apparently there were several attempts over the course of 251 00:15:35,000 --> 00:15:38,600 Speaker 1: three days to remove the bear. He finally settled for 252 00:15:38,680 --> 00:15:42,040 Speaker 1: taking the head, three paws, and about seventy pounds of meat. 253 00:15:42,680 --> 00:15:45,200 Speaker 1: As you may be able to predict, he still managed 254 00:15:45,240 --> 00:15:48,040 Speaker 1: to get a grip and grin which he posted to Facebook, 255 00:15:48,400 --> 00:15:53,160 Speaker 1: which is how authorities tracked him down just the one. 256 00:15:53,840 --> 00:15:56,840 Speaker 1: Stomach's lawyer tried to argue that his client had light 257 00:15:56,880 --> 00:15:59,800 Speaker 1: about shooting the bear and had in fact just happened 258 00:16:00,000 --> 00:16:03,000 Speaker 1: I'm across it while out trespassing in the Red Lake Nation, 259 00:16:03,360 --> 00:16:07,040 Speaker 1: which the court did not find convincing. Quick side note 260 00:16:07,080 --> 00:16:10,920 Speaker 1: here Red Lake is the only reservation in Minnesota where 261 00:16:10,960 --> 00:16:14,760 Speaker 1: all the territory is held in common, meaning every member 262 00:16:14,760 --> 00:16:17,160 Speaker 1: of the tribe owns the land, and one of Red 263 00:16:17,240 --> 00:16:22,320 Speaker 1: lakes seven clans is the Maqua or the Bear Clan. Now, 264 00:16:22,560 --> 00:16:26,920 Speaker 1: a dollar trust passing fine and poaching fine is not 265 00:16:27,040 --> 00:16:29,720 Speaker 1: the result of a first time offense. The big guns 266 00:16:29,760 --> 00:16:32,280 Speaker 1: like that typically only get brought out to make a 267 00:16:32,320 --> 00:16:36,760 Speaker 1: good example of a repeat offender. Stomach's border crossing is 268 00:16:36,880 --> 00:16:40,240 Speaker 1: especially interesting in the context of another boundary issue that 269 00:16:40,280 --> 00:16:43,320 Speaker 1: a few listeners have alerted me to. Every year, The 270 00:16:43,360 --> 00:16:46,640 Speaker 1: Alaska Department of Fishing Game issues permits to hunt bison 271 00:16:46,840 --> 00:16:50,280 Speaker 1: in units for fifty and four fifty four, which is 272 00:16:50,320 --> 00:16:54,040 Speaker 1: the Copper River basin in southern Alaska, about halfway between 273 00:16:54,120 --> 00:16:57,520 Speaker 1: Anchorage and Juno on the Canadian border. Much of the 274 00:16:57,560 --> 00:17:00,160 Speaker 1: Copper River bison herd's range is on the land of 275 00:17:00,200 --> 00:17:04,280 Speaker 1: the Native Alaska Atna people, an Athabaskan speaking group whose 276 00:17:04,359 --> 00:17:07,639 Speaker 1: name means people of the Copper River. This land is 277 00:17:07,680 --> 00:17:12,160 Speaker 1: controlled by Atna Inc, one of thirteen regional corporations created 278 00:17:12,240 --> 00:17:16,160 Speaker 1: under the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act of n which 279 00:17:16,200 --> 00:17:20,000 Speaker 1: intended to settle long disputed aboriginal claims in the region 280 00:17:20,040 --> 00:17:23,200 Speaker 1: with the US government. So even the Alaska Fishing Game 281 00:17:23,280 --> 00:17:26,320 Speaker 1: issues permits for this hunt, those who draw the tag 282 00:17:26,480 --> 00:17:30,320 Speaker 1: typically pay a trustpass fee or land access permit fee 283 00:17:30,400 --> 00:17:33,800 Speaker 1: in order to cross the boundary onto Antna land, which 284 00:17:33,960 --> 00:17:36,119 Speaker 1: seems fair, just as you pay more as out of 285 00:17:36,160 --> 00:17:39,800 Speaker 1: state hunter. This agreement works out well for both parties 286 00:17:39,840 --> 00:17:42,520 Speaker 1: and for the bison. Funds from the State of Alaska 287 00:17:42,560 --> 00:17:45,080 Speaker 1: application fees and tags, as well as from the Atna 288 00:17:45,160 --> 00:17:48,760 Speaker 1: land access fee, go toward conserving the Copper River heard, 289 00:17:49,320 --> 00:17:52,200 Speaker 1: but just a few weeks ago, hunters who had drawn 290 00:17:52,240 --> 00:17:55,320 Speaker 1: tags for units for fifty and four fifty four went 291 00:17:55,440 --> 00:17:58,159 Speaker 1: online to find the link to pay the ATNA trespass 292 00:17:58,240 --> 00:18:01,639 Speaker 1: fee and found that it had been removed. Only after 293 00:18:01,720 --> 00:18:04,840 Speaker 1: several days did ATNA Inc. Make an announcement that they 294 00:18:04,840 --> 00:18:07,840 Speaker 1: were not issuing the land access permits for two thousand 295 00:18:07,840 --> 00:18:12,000 Speaker 1: and twenty one, effectively ending the hunt. ATNA Inc. Gave 296 00:18:12,080 --> 00:18:16,199 Speaker 1: no explanation for the decision, and Alaska Fishing Game wasn't consulted. 297 00:18:16,640 --> 00:18:19,359 Speaker 1: So now these hunters can't participate in this once in 298 00:18:19,400 --> 00:18:23,320 Speaker 1: a lifetime hunt. They're out their application fee and tag payment, 299 00:18:23,520 --> 00:18:25,639 Speaker 1: and we're now in a situation where funds from the 300 00:18:25,640 --> 00:18:29,399 Speaker 1: state government are going toward a herd that people can't access. 301 00:18:30,160 --> 00:18:34,400 Speaker 1: Readers of Steven Ronnella's American Buffalo will recall Steve's administrative 302 00:18:34,400 --> 00:18:37,000 Speaker 1: struggles in this area and the extremes he had to 303 00:18:37,040 --> 00:18:39,720 Speaker 1: go to to get around them, hiking up rivers below 304 00:18:39,760 --> 00:18:41,600 Speaker 1: the high water mark to stay on the ground he 305 00:18:41,640 --> 00:18:44,760 Speaker 1: was allowed to access, which is still an option for 306 00:18:44,800 --> 00:18:48,520 Speaker 1: the current tag holders. Jacob Broussard, law student and a 307 00:18:48,560 --> 00:18:50,919 Speaker 1: member of the Choctaw Nation did a great job on 308 00:18:50,960 --> 00:18:54,120 Speaker 1: the Meat Eater podcast laying out how these land access 309 00:18:54,240 --> 00:18:57,440 Speaker 1: relationships work now and how they could work well into 310 00:18:57,480 --> 00:19:00,920 Speaker 1: the future. Here's hoping that the ATNAY consider this one. 311 00:19:01,320 --> 00:19:04,120 Speaker 1: More to come on this, I'm sure and I'll keep 312 00:19:04,119 --> 00:19:09,840 Speaker 1: you posted. Next up the Good Example Desk. It's about time, right. 313 00:19:11,800 --> 00:19:15,520 Speaker 1: People are complicated. They come in many different sizes, shapes, 314 00:19:15,560 --> 00:19:18,399 Speaker 1: and possess a myriad of qualities. I'm sure you have 315 00:19:18,480 --> 00:19:21,040 Speaker 1: some good hearted folks in your life. I know I do, 316 00:19:21,440 --> 00:19:24,200 Speaker 1: but I'm not sure if I know anyone as good 317 00:19:24,200 --> 00:19:28,520 Speaker 1: hearted as Michael Jeffrey of Nelson b C. According to 318 00:19:28,560 --> 00:19:31,920 Speaker 1: the CBC Canada, Michael noticed a skunk stumbling down the 319 00:19:32,000 --> 00:19:34,880 Speaker 1: road with its head stuck inside a beer can. As 320 00:19:34,880 --> 00:19:37,480 Speaker 1: you can imagine, Michael had to ponder this a bit. 321 00:19:38,119 --> 00:19:40,960 Speaker 1: The animal was definitely in distress. He was on the 322 00:19:41,000 --> 00:19:45,080 Speaker 1: way to work. In Michael's own words, quote, my heart's like, 323 00:19:45,320 --> 00:19:47,840 Speaker 1: oh my god, I really need to help this guy. 324 00:19:47,920 --> 00:19:50,920 Speaker 1: And then my head's like, dude, you're gonna get sprayed. 325 00:19:51,200 --> 00:19:54,760 Speaker 1: You're going to work, you work with somebody who's very sensitive. 326 00:19:55,040 --> 00:19:59,840 Speaker 1: You're gonna be offensive. At this point, I have to say, seriously, Mike, 327 00:20:00,480 --> 00:20:03,880 Speaker 1: you are a better man than I. When considering voluntarily 328 00:20:03,880 --> 00:20:06,159 Speaker 1: getting sprayed by a skunk, what comes to mind is 329 00:20:06,200 --> 00:20:10,679 Speaker 1: not yourself, it's offending a sensitive co worker. Come on, 330 00:20:12,080 --> 00:20:15,080 Speaker 1: he's a sake for those of you who have not 331 00:20:15,280 --> 00:20:18,119 Speaker 1: had the pleasure. That gnarly smell on the side of 332 00:20:18,119 --> 00:20:20,880 Speaker 1: the road is just a hint of what is possible. 333 00:20:20,880 --> 00:20:25,720 Speaker 1: In the Overall Smell Department study of what exactly makes 334 00:20:25,760 --> 00:20:30,160 Speaker 1: a skunk so odorous found a combination of seven chemical compounds, 335 00:20:30,200 --> 00:20:32,679 Speaker 1: some of which had only until then been produced in 336 00:20:32,720 --> 00:20:36,080 Speaker 1: a lab, meaning a skunk's anal glands were the only 337 00:20:36,119 --> 00:20:39,040 Speaker 1: place they had been found in all of nature. All 338 00:20:39,040 --> 00:20:42,280 Speaker 1: seven of these compounds smell, but two of the seven 339 00:20:42,440 --> 00:20:45,240 Speaker 1: seemed to be designed in order to remind those that 340 00:20:45,359 --> 00:20:48,080 Speaker 1: choose to mess with skunks to never do it again. 341 00:20:48,680 --> 00:20:51,960 Speaker 1: These are thio acetates, which are built around a bond 342 00:20:52,000 --> 00:20:55,720 Speaker 1: of one hydrogen atom and two sulfur atoms. What makes 343 00:20:55,720 --> 00:21:00,000 Speaker 1: them so memorable is they react with water. A byproduct 344 00:21:00,200 --> 00:21:03,320 Speaker 1: of this reaction is you guessed it really terrible odor, 345 00:21:03,920 --> 00:21:07,720 Speaker 1: meaning that as a spray victim sweats, they smell worse, 346 00:21:08,400 --> 00:21:10,919 Speaker 1: or in the case of humans, the more water you 347 00:21:11,040 --> 00:21:13,600 Speaker 1: use to get rid of odor, the more odor you 348 00:21:13,680 --> 00:21:18,360 Speaker 1: produce the other five chemical compounds bond to fibers incredibly well, 349 00:21:18,720 --> 00:21:22,560 Speaker 1: especially wool, meaning that if you get sprayed, the smell 350 00:21:22,680 --> 00:21:25,639 Speaker 1: is going to linger and intensify once you try to 351 00:21:25,680 --> 00:21:29,800 Speaker 1: get rid of it. For you sheep listening, that's bad news. 352 00:21:31,200 --> 00:21:34,960 Speaker 1: Oh yeah, good stuff. Anyway, Michael had to consider all 353 00:21:34,960 --> 00:21:38,640 Speaker 1: of this while watching this poor smelly critter deal with 354 00:21:38,680 --> 00:21:42,439 Speaker 1: its man made head trap. Eventually, Michael's good, smart inside 355 00:21:42,480 --> 00:21:45,720 Speaker 1: took over and he cautiously approached the skunk in his 356 00:21:45,800 --> 00:21:49,280 Speaker 1: work clothes. While he was headed for work. He quote 357 00:21:49,680 --> 00:21:52,040 Speaker 1: started coming closer to me, and I just knew it 358 00:21:52,080 --> 00:21:57,720 Speaker 1: was time. I jumped in, took some bold action and 359 00:21:57,760 --> 00:22:00,200 Speaker 1: got the can pride three quarters of the way off 360 00:22:00,200 --> 00:22:03,280 Speaker 1: his head as gently as I could. While the skunk 361 00:22:03,359 --> 00:22:04,800 Speaker 1: was about to shake the can the rest of the 362 00:22:04,800 --> 00:22:08,320 Speaker 1: way off, Michael was already fleeing to avoid the stinky situation. 363 00:22:08,960 --> 00:22:11,840 Speaker 1: Here's his next quote. In the time I was running, 364 00:22:12,040 --> 00:22:15,080 Speaker 1: he had his butt hole directly at me and his 365 00:22:15,160 --> 00:22:19,480 Speaker 1: tail raised, so he was trying to blast me. Fun 366 00:22:19,560 --> 00:22:24,320 Speaker 1: fact here, skunk spray has a general self propelled range 367 00:22:24,520 --> 00:22:28,240 Speaker 1: of about ten ft. The odor itself can be detected 368 00:22:28,280 --> 00:22:31,960 Speaker 1: beyond a mile some estimates of smell distance going far 369 00:22:32,160 --> 00:22:36,120 Speaker 1: beyond that. Skunks used to be lumped into the Mustellidae family. 370 00:22:36,480 --> 00:22:39,200 Speaker 1: Although skunks look a lot like weasels, it is their 371 00:22:39,240 --> 00:22:43,080 Speaker 1: anal glands that set them apart. Unlike muscle hit or 372 00:22:43,119 --> 00:22:47,439 Speaker 1: weasel anal glands, which also secrete potent odors. The skunk 373 00:22:47,520 --> 00:22:51,879 Speaker 1: family mefitted a, which is Latin for stink, has anal 374 00:22:51,920 --> 00:22:55,240 Speaker 1: glands that are outfitted with nipples. It is through these 375 00:22:55,359 --> 00:23:00,399 Speaker 1: nipples which they aim and project there sometimes blinding odor. 376 00:23:01,119 --> 00:23:04,040 Speaker 1: I bring up these anal nipple glands because I think 377 00:23:04,040 --> 00:23:07,320 Speaker 1: that should be the determining factor in the question of 378 00:23:07,880 --> 00:23:10,560 Speaker 1: how close did you get to the skunk? Could you 379 00:23:10,680 --> 00:23:14,600 Speaker 1: see the nipples or well? I mean you get it right. 380 00:23:15,440 --> 00:23:18,840 Speaker 1: Michael Jeffreys, wherever you are, hats off to you for 381 00:23:18,920 --> 00:23:22,639 Speaker 1: both being a conscientious coworker and a friend to animals, 382 00:23:22,760 --> 00:23:26,359 Speaker 1: even the stinky ones. For you BC residents, if you 383 00:23:26,400 --> 00:23:29,560 Speaker 1: bump into this fellow, buy him a beer and don't 384 00:23:29,600 --> 00:23:31,400 Speaker 1: throw your empties out on the side of the road. 385 00:23:32,160 --> 00:23:35,120 Speaker 1: If you or someone you know gets sprayed by a skunk, 386 00:23:35,680 --> 00:23:39,600 Speaker 1: use a soap with a heavy alkaline base. The alkaline 387 00:23:39,640 --> 00:23:43,320 Speaker 1: will help break the hydrogen sulfur bonds, making the skunk 388 00:23:43,400 --> 00:23:48,040 Speaker 1: odor more water soluble and less clingy. Try baking soda 389 00:23:48,200 --> 00:23:51,760 Speaker 1: and hydrogen peroxide. You can even throw in some woolight 390 00:23:51,880 --> 00:23:55,199 Speaker 1: in there. Thank you so much for listening. That's all 391 00:23:55,240 --> 00:23:59,120 Speaker 1: I've got for you this week. Remember to check out www. 392 00:23:59,359 --> 00:24:03,119 Speaker 1: Dot ste dealers dot com. Get yourself a pull saw, 393 00:24:03,320 --> 00:24:06,480 Speaker 1: an electric chainsaw, maybe even just some pruning shears to 394 00:24:06,520 --> 00:24:09,080 Speaker 1: cut open your birds this fall. You can find it 395 00:24:09,160 --> 00:24:13,520 Speaker 1: all there by way of an official steel dealer. They 396 00:24:13,560 --> 00:24:15,760 Speaker 1: are knowledgeable, they are friendly, and they'll point you in 397 00:24:15,760 --> 00:24:19,480 Speaker 1: the right direction. And, last, but not least, and possibly 398 00:24:19,520 --> 00:24:22,280 Speaker 1: most importantly, tell me what's going on in your neck 399 00:24:22,280 --> 00:24:24,800 Speaker 1: of the woods by writing in to a s K 400 00:24:25,080 --> 00:24:28,440 Speaker 1: C A L. That's asked Cal at the Meat Eater 401 00:24:28,760 --> 00:24:40,439 Speaker 1: dot com. Thanks again and I'll talk to you next week.