1 00:00:00,720 --> 00:00:06,280 Speaker 1: Hey, Latino USA, listener Oonsho de los Archibos. Also, there 2 00:00:06,320 --> 00:00:08,799 Speaker 1: will be some four letter words that are going to drop, 3 00:00:08,960 --> 00:00:10,000 Speaker 1: so be prepared. 4 00:00:11,840 --> 00:00:14,360 Speaker 2: You can see Hottis from how we're standing. You can 5 00:00:14,400 --> 00:00:17,000 Speaker 2: see the buildings across the river. You can see the 6 00:00:17,040 --> 00:00:22,040 Speaker 2: fence right there that divides the two countries. So Wattis 7 00:00:22,160 --> 00:00:23,400 Speaker 2: is right in view. 8 00:00:24,840 --> 00:00:27,600 Speaker 3: It's the cusp of summer as the sun sets over 9 00:00:27,680 --> 00:00:32,360 Speaker 3: La Frontera. I joined doctor Yolanda Leva, a history professor 10 00:00:32,520 --> 00:00:36,080 Speaker 3: at the University of Texas at al Paso. And there's 11 00:00:36,120 --> 00:00:40,120 Speaker 3: also Da Vidromo, a historian who specializes on the US 12 00:00:40,240 --> 00:00:41,440 Speaker 3: Mexico borderlines. 13 00:00:42,280 --> 00:00:45,000 Speaker 4: Just from this street alone, I mean, you could just 14 00:00:45,040 --> 00:00:48,839 Speaker 4: go building by building and it tells you the most 15 00:00:48,920 --> 00:00:52,240 Speaker 4: important chapters of Mexican American history. 16 00:00:53,000 --> 00:00:55,480 Speaker 3: We are within walking distance of the Paso the North 17 00:00:55,520 --> 00:00:58,200 Speaker 3: the Bridge, one of the border bridges that connects al 18 00:00:58,240 --> 00:01:01,680 Speaker 3: Paso to see La Juarez. The Rio Grande River, the 19 00:01:01,760 --> 00:01:06,080 Speaker 3: natural division between the United States and Mexico, snakes below 20 00:01:06,120 --> 00:01:09,080 Speaker 3: the bridge. The three of us are standing in front 21 00:01:09,120 --> 00:01:13,240 Speaker 3: of a red brick apartment building in Segunovarrio, a historic 22 00:01:13,280 --> 00:01:17,600 Speaker 3: neighborhood in downtown al Paso. In the late eighteen, hundreds 23 00:01:17,600 --> 00:01:21,880 Speaker 3: thousands of Mexican immigrants passed through or lived in Segunovarrio. 24 00:01:22,600 --> 00:01:24,959 Speaker 3: It's also known as the Ellis Island of. 25 00:01:24,920 --> 00:01:28,360 Speaker 4: The border, not the other Alice Island. What you original, 26 00:01:28,400 --> 00:01:29,039 Speaker 4: alis Islo. 27 00:01:30,400 --> 00:01:33,320 Speaker 3: The colorful streets of this neighborhood are full with layers 28 00:01:33,360 --> 00:01:36,800 Speaker 3: of history. Once it was home to El Tostado or 29 00:01:37,040 --> 00:01:37,759 Speaker 3: Don Tosti. 30 00:01:38,240 --> 00:01:42,480 Speaker 4: He was the first Mexican American musician to sell more 31 00:01:42,520 --> 00:01:45,560 Speaker 4: than a million records, and he was a patrico. 32 00:01:46,560 --> 00:01:50,280 Speaker 3: A few blocks down lift Avelardo Delgado, a Chicano writer 33 00:01:50,480 --> 00:01:55,880 Speaker 3: and community organizer. But there's someone else who lived inside 34 00:01:55,920 --> 00:01:58,880 Speaker 3: the red brick apartment building were standing in front of, 35 00:01:59,440 --> 00:02:04,360 Speaker 3: whose leg and history has not always been widely celebrated. 36 00:02:05,800 --> 00:02:12,040 Speaker 3: In this exact apartment, once lived Teresa Uria, a Mexican revolutionary, 37 00:02:12,560 --> 00:02:16,040 Speaker 3: a kurandera or healer, and a feminist. 38 00:02:16,480 --> 00:02:19,440 Speaker 4: She was everything. She was a curandera, she was a 39 00:02:19,480 --> 00:02:23,000 Speaker 4: newspaper editor. I mean so many people were drawn to 40 00:02:23,080 --> 00:02:26,400 Speaker 4: her charisma that literally hundreds of people would set up 41 00:02:26,440 --> 00:02:28,320 Speaker 4: tents in front of our home there. 42 00:02:29,120 --> 00:02:33,040 Speaker 3: In eighteen ninety six, Teresa Aurea moved to Alpasso. People 43 00:02:33,120 --> 00:02:35,760 Speaker 3: loved her they worshiped her like a saint. 44 00:02:36,400 --> 00:02:40,640 Speaker 4: Teresita became a symbol of a forgotten history that was 45 00:02:40,760 --> 00:02:44,040 Speaker 4: utterly fascinating. I mean, she was like the Selina of 46 00:02:44,080 --> 00:02:44,800 Speaker 4: her time. 47 00:02:48,720 --> 00:02:53,520 Speaker 1: From Pudromidia and BrX. It's Latino Usa. I'm Mariano Hosa. 48 00:02:53,639 --> 00:02:56,960 Speaker 1: Today we bring back to life the forgotten story of 49 00:02:57,080 --> 00:03:08,679 Speaker 1: Teresa Uria, the Mexican Joan of arc Back in two 50 00:03:08,680 --> 00:03:12,280 Speaker 1: thousand and six, the city of Lbaso approved a plan 51 00:03:12,440 --> 00:03:17,040 Speaker 1: to demolish se Bundo Barrio, the same neighborhood where Teresaurea 52 00:03:17,160 --> 00:03:22,200 Speaker 1: healed hundreds of people in the eighteen hundreds. Teresaurea was 53 00:03:22,200 --> 00:03:26,359 Speaker 1: a curandera who used herbs and traditional indigenous healing methods, 54 00:03:27,040 --> 00:03:30,480 Speaker 1: but there are also various accounts of Teresa having a 55 00:03:30,600 --> 00:03:35,760 Speaker 1: special power she could heal through her touch. In the 56 00:03:35,800 --> 00:03:40,000 Speaker 1: late nineteenth century, Teresa was a star. Aside from people 57 00:03:40,080 --> 00:03:43,440 Speaker 1: believing she was a saint, her vision of love and 58 00:03:43,520 --> 00:03:49,440 Speaker 1: equality inspired rebellions in Mexico against the dictatorship of Portfedio DS, 59 00:03:51,320 --> 00:03:54,720 Speaker 1: But with time, her miraculous life got erased from history 60 00:03:54,720 --> 00:04:00,240 Speaker 1: books and museums. To understand the story of today Esa 61 00:04:00,400 --> 00:04:06,200 Speaker 1: Urrea is to understand what gets remembered and what gets forgotten. 62 00:04:08,520 --> 00:04:12,600 Speaker 1: Two historians, Davidromo and Jolanda Leva, were part of a 63 00:04:12,720 --> 00:04:18,080 Speaker 1: resistance movement to the city's demolition plan. They created Museo Urbano, 64 00:04:18,440 --> 00:04:22,039 Speaker 1: a space to celebrate the legacy of Segundovarrio. The museum 65 00:04:22,080 --> 00:04:26,040 Speaker 1: included an exhibition in the very same apartment where Teresa 66 00:04:26,120 --> 00:04:31,880 Speaker 1: once lived. Today Teresa Urrea, who at nineteen years old 67 00:04:32,040 --> 00:04:35,440 Speaker 1: was once called the most dangerous girl in Mexico by 68 00:04:35,480 --> 00:04:41,360 Speaker 1: the dictator Porfitio Es. Our producer Maries Kincan is going 69 00:04:41,400 --> 00:04:42,200 Speaker 1: to take it from here. 70 00:04:44,240 --> 00:04:48,279 Speaker 3: Teresaure was born in eighteen seventy three in the last 71 00:04:48,520 --> 00:04:53,039 Speaker 3: Green state of Sinaloa, Mexico. Her mother, Kayetana Chaves, was 72 00:04:53,080 --> 00:04:56,120 Speaker 3: an indigenous woman. She worked in the ranch of don 73 00:04:56,160 --> 00:05:00,360 Speaker 3: To mass Urrea, a tall, light skinned rich asenda with 74 00:05:00,440 --> 00:05:06,359 Speaker 3: Spanish lineage, notorious for his wondering eye. Kayetana was just 75 00:05:06,480 --> 00:05:10,080 Speaker 3: fourteen years old when she gave birth to Tennisita, the 76 00:05:10,200 --> 00:05:13,400 Speaker 3: daughter of Tomas Urrea. 77 00:05:14,040 --> 00:05:16,400 Speaker 2: So if we're looking at it from the perspective of 78 00:05:16,560 --> 00:05:20,520 Speaker 2: society back then, fourteen is a pretty common age to 79 00:05:20,560 --> 00:05:23,280 Speaker 2: get married and to start having children. 80 00:05:24,000 --> 00:05:27,839 Speaker 3: This is Yolanda again. Achicana historian at the University of 81 00:05:27,880 --> 00:05:31,880 Speaker 3: Texas at al Paso. She specializes in border history. 82 00:05:32,279 --> 00:05:35,880 Speaker 2: What is not different is that power relationship that he's 83 00:05:35,920 --> 00:05:41,120 Speaker 2: her employer, so we don't know like did she want 84 00:05:41,160 --> 00:05:42,839 Speaker 2: to have sex with him or. 85 00:05:44,520 --> 00:05:45,640 Speaker 3: Was it forced? 86 00:05:46,760 --> 00:05:49,279 Speaker 2: So if we look at that power dynamic, then I 87 00:05:49,320 --> 00:05:51,159 Speaker 2: think it's very questionable. 88 00:05:52,120 --> 00:05:55,640 Speaker 3: In an interview, Teresa said she was an illegitimate child. 89 00:05:56,160 --> 00:05:59,640 Speaker 3: She was one of nineteen children. Don tomas Uria had 90 00:05:59,720 --> 00:06:03,600 Speaker 3: out the side of his marriage. As a child, Dedesita 91 00:06:03,720 --> 00:06:07,080 Speaker 3: must have stood out as a Mystisa. She's described as 92 00:06:07,120 --> 00:06:10,640 Speaker 3: having light skin, large brown eyes, and long black hair. 93 00:06:13,040 --> 00:06:16,760 Speaker 3: In eighteen eighty, when Teresa was seven years old, Portfirio 94 00:06:16,839 --> 00:06:20,839 Speaker 3: Diaz's first term as president of Mexico was ending a 95 00:06:20,920 --> 00:06:24,440 Speaker 3: military general. He came into office by staging a coup 96 00:06:24,760 --> 00:06:28,919 Speaker 3: and reigned over Mexico for more than thirty years. The 97 00:06:29,040 --> 00:06:33,960 Speaker 3: general would shape the course of Teresa's life. Porfirio Diaesa's 98 00:06:34,000 --> 00:06:37,080 Speaker 3: time in office is known as the Portfiriato. He ruled 99 00:06:37,120 --> 00:06:40,440 Speaker 3: with an iron fist and secured his presidency by installing 100 00:06:40,440 --> 00:06:47,080 Speaker 3: his supporters and positions of power. His opponents were sometimes assassinated. 101 00:06:46,320 --> 00:06:50,760 Speaker 4: And He basically controlled the whole shebang, you know, all 102 00:06:50,800 --> 00:06:55,880 Speaker 4: of Mexico through corruption, through just having the just keeping 103 00:06:56,080 --> 00:06:59,960 Speaker 4: good relations with the oligarchy in every different state. 104 00:07:00,800 --> 00:07:04,560 Speaker 3: This is Da Vidromo again, the history professor who specializes 105 00:07:04,640 --> 00:07:08,240 Speaker 3: on the borderlands. He wrote about Teresa Oua and Ringside 106 00:07:08,279 --> 00:07:11,280 Speaker 3: Seat to a Revolution his book about al Paso and 107 00:07:11,320 --> 00:07:18,400 Speaker 3: Sula Huardes's connection to the Mexican Revolution. In Sinaloa, Teresa's father, Tomasura, 108 00:07:18,480 --> 00:07:21,040 Speaker 3: is forced to leave the state because he didn't support 109 00:07:21,080 --> 00:07:25,040 Speaker 3: the Diaz backed candidate for governor. Don Tomasura decided to 110 00:07:25,080 --> 00:07:28,680 Speaker 3: move to another family owned ranch further north in Kawora, 111 00:07:29,080 --> 00:07:31,920 Speaker 3: a city in the neighboring state of Sonora some two 112 00:07:32,040 --> 00:07:37,280 Speaker 3: hundred miles away. Kayetana and Teresa, who was seven years 113 00:07:37,280 --> 00:07:39,800 Speaker 3: old at the time, were among the hundreds of people 114 00:07:39,840 --> 00:07:43,600 Speaker 3: who joined tomas Urrea in his exile from Sinaloa. For 115 00:07:43,720 --> 00:07:46,680 Speaker 3: all of her childhood and into her teenage years, Teresa 116 00:07:46,680 --> 00:07:49,280 Speaker 3: grew up with her mother in separate quarters from the ranch. 117 00:07:49,800 --> 00:07:52,960 Speaker 3: She grew up in poverty, surrounded by indigenous people. Like 118 00:07:53,000 --> 00:07:53,360 Speaker 3: her mother. 119 00:07:54,040 --> 00:07:58,920 Speaker 2: Recito is growing up in this time of great changes 120 00:07:58,960 --> 00:08:03,000 Speaker 2: in Mexico, great economic changes and the rich are getting 121 00:08:03,120 --> 00:08:07,040 Speaker 2: richer and the poor are getting poorer, and there's a 122 00:08:07,120 --> 00:08:10,200 Speaker 2: little middle class, but it doesn't have much power. 123 00:08:11,200 --> 00:08:14,239 Speaker 3: Teresita didn't go to school until she was nine years old, 124 00:08:14,360 --> 00:08:19,800 Speaker 3: but she didn't want to study. The more and more 125 00:08:19,840 --> 00:08:23,520 Speaker 3: I read about Teresa, the more obsessed I became. There 126 00:08:23,600 --> 00:08:27,880 Speaker 3: was something marvelous or otherworldly about her. The details that 127 00:08:27,920 --> 00:08:32,840 Speaker 3: seeped in through newspapers, interviews and archives were fascinating. Take 128 00:08:32,880 --> 00:08:35,880 Speaker 3: this quote, for example, taken from an interview in the 129 00:08:35,920 --> 00:08:39,920 Speaker 3: San Francisco Examiner in nineteen hundred, where she described how 130 00:08:39,960 --> 00:08:40,760 Speaker 3: she learned to read. 131 00:08:41,520 --> 00:08:43,640 Speaker 5: Later, I felt I wanted to learn how to read, 132 00:08:43,880 --> 00:08:46,760 Speaker 5: and I learned my alphabet from a very very old lady. 133 00:08:47,559 --> 00:08:51,080 Speaker 5: My writing came to me of itself. I wanted to write, 134 00:08:51,080 --> 00:08:53,679 Speaker 5: and I wrote. But how I learned I don't know, 135 00:08:54,000 --> 00:08:56,960 Speaker 5: for I was not taught on the floor of my 136 00:08:57,040 --> 00:08:59,680 Speaker 5: mother's house. I first wrote with my little finger in 137 00:08:59,679 --> 00:09:00,000 Speaker 5: the dusk. 138 00:09:01,320 --> 00:09:05,160 Speaker 3: The quotuo hear of Teresa are taken from English newspaper articles. 139 00:09:05,720 --> 00:09:09,120 Speaker 3: Teresa didn't speak English, so they are translations, and they 140 00:09:09,120 --> 00:09:14,559 Speaker 3: are voiced by one of our producers, Victoria Estra. When 141 00:09:14,640 --> 00:09:19,960 Speaker 3: Teresa was fifteen years old, her mother, Kajitana, disappeared. It's 142 00:09:20,040 --> 00:09:24,320 Speaker 3: not clear why. Like many details in Teresa's life, there 143 00:09:24,400 --> 00:09:27,120 Speaker 3: are things we just don't know that have been lost 144 00:09:27,200 --> 00:09:32,560 Speaker 3: in the historical record. After her mother disappeared, Don Tomas 145 00:09:32,640 --> 00:09:35,480 Speaker 3: Urrea ordered Teresa to move into the ranch with him. 146 00:09:36,240 --> 00:09:41,240 Speaker 3: Teresa's life completely changed. The dirt floors she grew up 147 00:09:41,240 --> 00:09:44,720 Speaker 3: with were replaced by the white adobe walls of her 148 00:09:44,760 --> 00:09:50,119 Speaker 3: father's large ascienda. Don to mass Urias's mistress, a teenager 149 00:09:50,640 --> 00:09:54,680 Speaker 3: nearly the same age as Teresita, lived in the ascienda too. 150 00:09:57,320 --> 00:10:01,120 Speaker 3: At her father's ranch, Teresa became an apprentice Touila, a 151 00:10:01,240 --> 00:10:05,000 Speaker 3: Yaqui Kurandera who worked for her father. The Yaquis are 152 00:10:05,040 --> 00:10:09,960 Speaker 3: an indigenous group in Sonora. Through Wila, Teresa learned how 153 00:10:10,000 --> 00:10:14,080 Speaker 3: to heal by using plants, part of an indigenous traditional 154 00:10:14,240 --> 00:10:19,760 Speaker 3: medicine practice known as kurandrismo that predates the sixteenth century. 155 00:10:20,559 --> 00:10:25,000 Speaker 3: Gurandismo refers to a system of healing practice in Mexico, 156 00:10:25,440 --> 00:10:30,200 Speaker 3: Latin America, and in places with large Mexican communities like 157 00:10:30,240 --> 00:10:38,560 Speaker 3: the US Mexico borderlands. Prior to the Spanish colonization of Mexico, 158 00:10:38,920 --> 00:10:42,600 Speaker 3: there were indigenous healers across the region. If you look 159 00:10:42,880 --> 00:10:49,040 Speaker 3: at traditional medicine among indigenous people before the Europeans came, 160 00:10:49,640 --> 00:10:55,040 Speaker 3: everybody was very specialized. Some people knew about plants, some 161 00:10:55,200 --> 00:10:59,480 Speaker 3: people knew how to work with bones, some people knew 162 00:10:59,559 --> 00:11:03,160 Speaker 3: how to do massages, just like we would think of 163 00:11:03,240 --> 00:11:08,480 Speaker 3: a medical specialization today. It's believed gorndros have a special 164 00:11:08,679 --> 00:11:12,200 Speaker 3: don or gift that allows them to cure others, and 165 00:11:12,320 --> 00:11:15,720 Speaker 3: unlike Western medicine, gourdan deisma is not limited to the 166 00:11:15,720 --> 00:11:20,840 Speaker 3: physical body. It concerns itself with the psychological, spiritual, social, 167 00:11:21,000 --> 00:11:23,880 Speaker 3: and health needs of a person. That mind and body 168 00:11:23,920 --> 00:11:29,679 Speaker 3: are connected. With Spanish colonization in the sixteenth century, indigenous 169 00:11:29,679 --> 00:11:34,280 Speaker 3: healing methods merge with European practices. The word gourandeto comes 170 00:11:34,280 --> 00:11:37,280 Speaker 3: from the Spanish word kurat, which means to heal. 171 00:11:38,320 --> 00:11:45,199 Speaker 2: So then when the Spanish come and begin to control society, 172 00:11:45,400 --> 00:11:50,400 Speaker 2: they too want to undermine the idea that indigenous people 173 00:11:50,520 --> 00:11:56,480 Speaker 2: have knowledge or can contribute. So they don't want people 174 00:11:56,640 --> 00:12:01,040 Speaker 2: to think, oh, look at this highly specialized meth medical system. 175 00:12:01,280 --> 00:12:04,800 Speaker 3: Gurandar rismo was looked down upon by Spanish physicians and 176 00:12:04,960 --> 00:12:10,000 Speaker 3: was even considered criminal. During the Mexican inquisition, Gurandrismo was 177 00:12:10,040 --> 00:12:15,720 Speaker 3: a prosecutable crime. Characteristics of kuranda Rismo include ritual Catholic prayer, 178 00:12:15,920 --> 00:12:18,200 Speaker 3: the use of plants and herbs, and the belief in 179 00:12:18,280 --> 00:12:23,560 Speaker 3: God or Creator. To become a Kurandea takes years of training. 180 00:12:23,880 --> 00:12:26,679 Speaker 3: It's not something anyone can just pick up. It's a 181 00:12:26,679 --> 00:12:29,320 Speaker 3: commitment that is taken very seriously. 182 00:12:29,920 --> 00:12:33,480 Speaker 2: So it's just like I wouldn't take a biology class 183 00:12:33,480 --> 00:12:38,400 Speaker 2: and say I'm a doctor now. People shouldn't call themselves 184 00:12:38,440 --> 00:12:42,520 Speaker 2: at curandeta if they have not really thoroughly trained and 185 00:12:42,600 --> 00:12:49,479 Speaker 2: they have a teacher who has trained them. 186 00:12:47,240 --> 00:12:50,400 Speaker 3: Back in al Paso. I'm in the house of Greece Munos. 187 00:12:50,600 --> 00:12:52,760 Speaker 6: My name is Gris Munos. 188 00:12:52,200 --> 00:12:59,400 Speaker 3: A self described moher medicina or a curandera. She burns carvone, mesquite, goppal, lavender, 189 00:12:59,520 --> 00:13:04,040 Speaker 3: and saba. The smoke fills a room and hovers around us, 190 00:13:04,240 --> 00:13:09,199 Speaker 3: swirling in esses grease. Feels connected to Teresa. She has 191 00:13:09,240 --> 00:13:10,840 Speaker 3: a picture of her and her altar. 192 00:13:11,640 --> 00:13:14,839 Speaker 6: I'm very connected to Teresita. She's been watching me a 193 00:13:14,880 --> 00:13:19,280 Speaker 6: long time, and Teresita is still around. She hasn't gone anywhere. 194 00:13:20,600 --> 00:13:24,080 Speaker 3: Greece is also close friends with one of Teresa's living relatives, 195 00:13:24,400 --> 00:13:29,240 Speaker 3: the Chicano writer Luis Albertore. Like Teresa, Greece was the 196 00:13:29,280 --> 00:13:33,880 Speaker 3: apprentice of Akurandetra for years. Grease works with the spirit. 197 00:13:34,400 --> 00:13:39,200 Speaker 6: I'm not a midwife, I'm not a I'm not a wescera. 198 00:13:40,280 --> 00:13:45,199 Speaker 6: Women tend to find me when they've gotten themselves a 199 00:13:45,240 --> 00:13:49,560 Speaker 6: bit lost. Maybe they just went through a major change, 200 00:13:50,840 --> 00:13:56,599 Speaker 6: maybe they need to accept something, a death of some type. 201 00:13:56,840 --> 00:14:00,440 Speaker 6: That's really where I come in. I can't speak for 202 00:14:00,480 --> 00:14:05,160 Speaker 6: all curanderos, but essentially, especially the ones that work with 203 00:14:05,200 --> 00:14:07,960 Speaker 6: the spirit like I do. We're just here to help 204 00:14:08,000 --> 00:14:10,000 Speaker 6: you reconnect. 205 00:14:13,520 --> 00:14:18,320 Speaker 3: In the borderlands, grandismo is still very prevalent. The borderlands 206 00:14:18,400 --> 00:14:21,920 Speaker 3: used to be part of Mexico until the mid nineteenth century, 207 00:14:22,520 --> 00:14:26,160 Speaker 3: twenty five years before Edessa was born, but during the 208 00:14:26,200 --> 00:14:31,720 Speaker 3: Mexican American War of the late eighteen forties, Mexico lost Arizona, California, 209 00:14:31,880 --> 00:14:37,560 Speaker 3: New Mexico, Texas, Colorado, Nevada, and Utah to the US. 210 00:14:39,000 --> 00:14:42,400 Speaker 3: Under her apprenticeship with Wila, Esa learned the names and 211 00:14:42,440 --> 00:14:45,760 Speaker 3: properties of more than two hundred herbs. She followed Wila 212 00:14:45,800 --> 00:14:48,320 Speaker 3: around while her teacher did things like helping women give 213 00:14:48,400 --> 00:14:53,800 Speaker 3: birth or treating wounds and illnesses. Then something happened to 214 00:14:53,840 --> 00:14:59,080 Speaker 3: Thedessa when she was sixteen years old. There's varying accounts 215 00:14:59,080 --> 00:15:02,480 Speaker 3: on the next set of events. Some accounts say that 216 00:15:02,640 --> 00:15:07,120 Speaker 3: Isa had an epileptic seizure. Other reports say an engineering 217 00:15:07,160 --> 00:15:09,960 Speaker 3: student tried to rape her and it gave Teresa a 218 00:15:10,040 --> 00:15:16,440 Speaker 3: shock induced seizure. In either case, after losing consciousness, Teresa 219 00:15:16,640 --> 00:15:21,800 Speaker 3: fell into a coma. They think she's dead. That Isa's 220 00:15:21,880 --> 00:15:24,760 Speaker 3: father put his ear against her chest to listen for 221 00:15:24,880 --> 00:15:29,880 Speaker 3: a heartbeat, but he couldn't hear anything. He ordered a 222 00:15:29,960 --> 00:15:34,240 Speaker 3: coffin to be built. They prepared that Isa for a wake, 223 00:15:34,920 --> 00:15:38,440 Speaker 3: dressed her in a white dress. They placed her body 224 00:15:38,480 --> 00:15:41,520 Speaker 3: on a table and surrounded her body with candles. 225 00:15:42,720 --> 00:15:49,200 Speaker 6: So they make her a casket and in Elvelorio, she 226 00:15:49,280 --> 00:15:50,040 Speaker 6: wakes up. 227 00:15:52,000 --> 00:15:56,520 Speaker 3: And everyone is like holy shit. After waking up, that 228 00:15:56,680 --> 00:15:59,280 Speaker 3: Esa predicted that in three days they were going to 229 00:15:59,320 --> 00:16:01,000 Speaker 3: need the coffin for someone else. 230 00:16:02,280 --> 00:16:04,360 Speaker 6: And then Wila died. 231 00:16:06,800 --> 00:16:10,240 Speaker 3: Three days later, Teresa's teacher was found in her room. 232 00:16:10,880 --> 00:16:14,720 Speaker 3: It looked like she passed away peacefully. The cause of 233 00:16:14,760 --> 00:16:18,480 Speaker 3: her death wasn't clear, but people speculated she died from 234 00:16:18,520 --> 00:16:19,160 Speaker 3: old age. 235 00:16:19,320 --> 00:16:23,880 Speaker 6: Or exhaustion, and they buried Wila in the casket they 236 00:16:23,880 --> 00:16:25,000 Speaker 6: had made for Terracita. 237 00:16:28,480 --> 00:16:32,480 Speaker 1: Coming up on Latino, Usa, Teresa Rea wakes up from 238 00:16:32,520 --> 00:16:37,600 Speaker 1: her coma with a newfound power. She can miraculously heal 239 00:16:37,760 --> 00:17:26,640 Speaker 1: people through touch. Stay with us, Hey, we're back. When 240 00:17:26,680 --> 00:17:29,560 Speaker 1: we left off, Teresa Rea had woken up from a 241 00:17:29,640 --> 00:17:33,280 Speaker 1: coma and had predicted the death of her mentor, Wheela 242 00:17:33,640 --> 00:17:39,040 Speaker 1: A Jaqui Granderra now Deesa, realizes she has a new 243 00:17:39,440 --> 00:17:43,680 Speaker 1: miraculous power. Producer Marieskinkam is going to pick up the 244 00:17:43,720 --> 00:17:44,480 Speaker 1: story from here. 245 00:17:47,080 --> 00:17:51,320 Speaker 3: After waking up from her coma, Teresa was a normal 246 00:17:52,680 --> 00:17:55,840 Speaker 3: She fell into a trans that lasted three months and 247 00:17:56,040 --> 00:18:00,960 Speaker 3: eighteen days. In an article from the San Francisco Examiner, 248 00:18:01,359 --> 00:18:05,440 Speaker 3: Teresa Urrea said she didn't remember anything that happened during 249 00:18:05,480 --> 00:18:06,880 Speaker 3: those three months. 250 00:18:07,720 --> 00:18:10,640 Speaker 5: They tell me those who saw me, that I could 251 00:18:10,720 --> 00:18:14,119 Speaker 5: move about, that they had to feed me, that I 252 00:18:14,240 --> 00:18:16,880 Speaker 5: talked strange things about God and religion. 253 00:18:19,080 --> 00:18:22,439 Speaker 3: During this trance, Teresa said she had a vision. The 254 00:18:22,600 --> 00:18:25,760 Speaker 3: archangel Gabriel appeared to her as a young man. He 255 00:18:25,880 --> 00:18:29,560 Speaker 3: delivered her a letter. It urged everyone to repent from 256 00:18:29,600 --> 00:18:32,439 Speaker 3: their sins, believe in Jesus and they would be cured 257 00:18:33,880 --> 00:18:37,639 Speaker 3: when she finally returned to full consciousness. Teresa had a gift. 258 00:18:38,320 --> 00:18:42,160 Speaker 3: She could heal people through touch. One of the people 259 00:18:42,280 --> 00:18:45,399 Speaker 3: she cured in Kavora was Marianna, a woman in her 260 00:18:45,440 --> 00:18:49,960 Speaker 3: twenties that couldn't walk. After Teresa cured her, Marianna was 261 00:18:50,000 --> 00:18:53,000 Speaker 3: able to walk again, and she became her devout, loyal 262 00:18:53,040 --> 00:18:58,000 Speaker 3: friend and assistant. Teresa described a change happening within her 263 00:18:58,080 --> 00:18:59,199 Speaker 3: when she healed people. 264 00:19:00,080 --> 00:19:02,360 Speaker 5: I could still if I touched people or rub them 265 00:19:02,520 --> 00:19:05,359 Speaker 5: make them well. I felt in me only the wish 266 00:19:05,400 --> 00:19:08,080 Speaker 5: to do good in the world. I spoke much to 267 00:19:08,119 --> 00:19:11,159 Speaker 5: the people about God, not about the church or to 268 00:19:11,200 --> 00:19:14,560 Speaker 5: tell them to go to church, but about God. I 269 00:19:14,680 --> 00:19:17,720 Speaker 5: told them what I believe. That God is the spirit 270 00:19:17,760 --> 00:19:20,359 Speaker 5: of love, that we who we are in the world, 271 00:19:20,760 --> 00:19:25,199 Speaker 5: must love one another and live in peace, otherwise we 272 00:19:25,240 --> 00:19:28,640 Speaker 5: offend God. 273 00:19:29,720 --> 00:19:34,960 Speaker 3: Word quickly spread about the miraculous healer. Hundreds of people 274 00:19:35,040 --> 00:19:39,080 Speaker 3: started visiting her father's ranch and Gaworah. They traveled long 275 00:19:39,160 --> 00:19:43,000 Speaker 3: distances and were often poor and indigenous people of the region, 276 00:19:43,840 --> 00:19:48,800 Speaker 3: the Yaqui and Mayo Indians that Esa refused to charge 277 00:19:48,840 --> 00:19:50,160 Speaker 3: for her services. 278 00:19:50,600 --> 00:19:52,920 Speaker 5: I have no wish to be paid. I do not 279 00:19:53,080 --> 00:19:56,040 Speaker 5: care for find things or find houses or money. I 280 00:19:56,080 --> 00:19:57,560 Speaker 5: will refuse no one to help. 281 00:20:00,200 --> 00:20:03,879 Speaker 3: Aside from her healing powers, there were other supernatural phenomena 282 00:20:04,119 --> 00:20:05,160 Speaker 3: associated with her. 283 00:20:05,960 --> 00:20:10,040 Speaker 4: Her family members believed that she was able to predict 284 00:20:10,119 --> 00:20:13,480 Speaker 4: even when people were about to arrive that she had 285 00:20:13,560 --> 00:20:16,040 Speaker 4: no knowledge of. She would say this, such and such 286 00:20:16,080 --> 00:20:18,920 Speaker 4: a person is going to come tomorrow, and they would 287 00:20:19,440 --> 00:20:23,760 Speaker 4: She could predict rain, She could predict deaths in the family. 288 00:20:24,520 --> 00:20:28,359 Speaker 3: She had other strange qualities, and people. 289 00:20:28,080 --> 00:20:33,000 Speaker 4: Would say that she admitted an aroma of roses like 290 00:20:33,040 --> 00:20:35,840 Speaker 4: so many people would say that, like she just smelt 291 00:20:35,960 --> 00:20:36,600 Speaker 4: like roses. 292 00:20:37,720 --> 00:20:42,120 Speaker 3: There are also accounts of her quote unquote astro projecting, like. 293 00:20:42,119 --> 00:20:44,760 Speaker 2: She could travel out of her body and she could 294 00:20:44,840 --> 00:20:47,639 Speaker 2: describe places she had never been. And it's not like 295 00:20:47,680 --> 00:20:50,280 Speaker 2: she had the internet right where we could fake it. 296 00:20:51,359 --> 00:20:54,199 Speaker 3: People began to call her a saint and worshiped her 297 00:20:54,320 --> 00:20:57,399 Speaker 3: like one. They called her Santa Theresa, la Santa de 298 00:20:58,160 --> 00:21:03,239 Speaker 3: Santa de Risita. She was only sixteen years old. They 299 00:21:03,280 --> 00:21:07,000 Speaker 3: created prayer cards with her image, and one prayer card 300 00:21:07,080 --> 00:21:10,560 Speaker 3: she stoically stands. She's dressed in a black dress that 301 00:21:10,640 --> 00:21:14,960 Speaker 3: covers her arms. A long black cross hangs from her neck. 302 00:21:15,640 --> 00:21:19,280 Speaker 3: Her black hair is wrapped in a braided bun. Angels 303 00:21:19,280 --> 00:21:23,800 Speaker 3: surround her. Two turubs hold a crown they are placing 304 00:21:23,840 --> 00:21:27,080 Speaker 3: over her head. Her gaze is looking at the distance. 305 00:21:29,080 --> 00:21:32,159 Speaker 3: They build wooden statues of her to venerate her like 306 00:21:32,200 --> 00:21:35,919 Speaker 3: a saint. Teresa said she was not a saint, that 307 00:21:36,080 --> 00:21:39,480 Speaker 3: you don't need the mediation of the church or priest 308 00:21:39,720 --> 00:21:43,919 Speaker 3: to cure, an idea that she repeated more than once. 309 00:21:44,720 --> 00:21:48,200 Speaker 3: In doing so, she challenged the authority of the Catholic Church, 310 00:21:48,880 --> 00:21:53,560 Speaker 3: one of the most powerful institutions in Mexico even today. 311 00:21:54,480 --> 00:21:57,040 Speaker 5: I felt that God willed that I should heal them, 312 00:21:57,480 --> 00:22:00,480 Speaker 5: and when they asked me, I did so. No, I 313 00:22:00,520 --> 00:22:03,320 Speaker 5: do not think prayer is necessary, nor does one have 314 00:22:03,400 --> 00:22:06,359 Speaker 5: to believe in me to be cured. If I can cure, 315 00:22:06,600 --> 00:22:07,000 Speaker 5: I can. 316 00:22:10,840 --> 00:22:14,320 Speaker 3: Priests announced her as a heretic and impostor and evil worker. 317 00:22:14,960 --> 00:22:18,880 Speaker 3: The clergy threatened to excommunicate everyone that seeked her help. 318 00:22:19,440 --> 00:22:22,119 Speaker 3: Here's Grise again, the Kuranda from al Paso. 319 00:22:22,800 --> 00:22:25,760 Speaker 6: They saw her like a living saint. So you can 320 00:22:25,800 --> 00:22:33,000 Speaker 6: imagine what heresy to call a teenage girl Asantha right, 321 00:22:33,880 --> 00:22:38,400 Speaker 6: a living teen girl Asanta, so she became a problem. 322 00:22:39,359 --> 00:22:42,439 Speaker 6: In those times, the only people that could talk to 323 00:22:42,600 --> 00:22:43,879 Speaker 6: God were priests. 324 00:22:45,040 --> 00:22:47,520 Speaker 3: From a young age. That is, I was breaking all 325 00:22:47,640 --> 00:22:49,919 Speaker 3: sorts of traditional norms and rules. 326 00:22:50,440 --> 00:22:56,280 Speaker 6: She was completely considered heretical and completely forward for her 327 00:22:56,320 --> 00:22:58,200 Speaker 6: time in every way. 328 00:22:59,280 --> 00:23:03,280 Speaker 3: At the same time, the power of dictator Porfirio Dias 329 00:23:03,280 --> 00:23:07,640 Speaker 3: only kept growing. Under the Portfiriato, thousands of Yakis were 330 00:23:07,640 --> 00:23:11,440 Speaker 3: taken from their lands and expelled as slaves to Yucatan. 331 00:23:12,119 --> 00:23:14,159 Speaker 3: Here's la vid romo again. 332 00:23:15,320 --> 00:23:20,080 Speaker 4: So Porfirio Dias in Sonora carried out this very destructive 333 00:23:20,760 --> 00:23:25,919 Speaker 4: warfare against the indigenous Yaki population and would send the 334 00:23:26,040 --> 00:23:32,120 Speaker 4: Yakis to southern Mexico to virtual death camps and slave camps. 335 00:23:34,480 --> 00:23:37,840 Speaker 3: Teresa was often visited by the Yaquis in Kawora, and 336 00:23:37,880 --> 00:23:42,640 Speaker 3: she was sympathetic to their uprisings. She often defended them 337 00:23:42,720 --> 00:23:45,200 Speaker 3: and said they had the God given right to fight 338 00:23:45,280 --> 00:23:48,840 Speaker 3: for their land and freedom. In later interviews with The 339 00:23:48,880 --> 00:23:52,800 Speaker 3: New York Journal, she described watching Yaki children not even 340 00:23:52,880 --> 00:23:57,439 Speaker 3: three years old, being lynched. She called the Yaquis the 341 00:23:57,520 --> 00:24:02,439 Speaker 3: bravest and most persecuted people in the world. This at 342 00:24:02,480 --> 00:24:06,720 Speaker 3: a time when opposing the Diaz regime was deadly, so. 343 00:24:08,960 --> 00:24:11,280 Speaker 4: Told the Yakis to fight for their lands, and of 344 00:24:11,320 --> 00:24:14,119 Speaker 4: course this brought the enmity of Corfiolias. 345 00:24:15,400 --> 00:24:20,560 Speaker 3: While Teresa never took arms, she inspired rebellions. This was 346 00:24:20,600 --> 00:24:23,919 Speaker 3: the case in one small town called Tomochik, located in 347 00:24:23,960 --> 00:24:27,240 Speaker 3: the Sierra Madre of Chihuahua, about two hundred miles away 348 00:24:27,280 --> 00:24:31,720 Speaker 3: from al Paso. After hearing about Teresa's power, Kruz Travis, 349 00:24:31,760 --> 00:24:35,119 Speaker 3: the leader of Tomochic, and other villagers traveled to Kabora 350 00:24:35,200 --> 00:24:39,800 Speaker 3: to meet with Teresa. They witnessed hundreds of people camped 351 00:24:39,840 --> 00:24:43,080 Speaker 3: out at her father's ranch. They had heard of Teresa's 352 00:24:43,119 --> 00:24:46,720 Speaker 3: healing powers and visited her to be cured. They were 353 00:24:46,800 --> 00:24:51,919 Speaker 3: moved by her vision of love. Kruz Travis, the Tomoshik leader, 354 00:24:51,960 --> 00:24:57,600 Speaker 3: and Teresa became friends and started exchanging letters. When the 355 00:24:57,680 --> 00:25:02,600 Speaker 3: villagers returned to Tomochik, they decided to only worship living saints. 356 00:25:03,320 --> 00:25:06,080 Speaker 3: They replaced the statue of a dead saint with a 357 00:25:06,160 --> 00:25:11,440 Speaker 3: statue of a living Teresa. They chose La Sante Kaoaterresita 358 00:25:11,720 --> 00:25:16,760 Speaker 3: as the official guardian of the town. This brought the 359 00:25:16,800 --> 00:25:20,720 Speaker 3: great ire of a local priest who threatened to excommunicate 360 00:25:20,840 --> 00:25:25,639 Speaker 3: every Tomochko who believed in Teresa. When they refused to obey, 361 00:25:26,080 --> 00:25:30,320 Speaker 3: the priests sent out a message to the government. Porfido 362 00:25:30,400 --> 00:25:35,520 Speaker 3: Dias ordered the rebels to be quickly and severely punished. 363 00:25:36,160 --> 00:25:39,600 Speaker 4: And for Fioria sends hundreds of troops to utterly destroy 364 00:25:39,640 --> 00:25:40,480 Speaker 4: the entire town. 365 00:25:42,280 --> 00:25:45,280 Speaker 3: The rebels fling themselves into a fight they were destined 366 00:25:45,320 --> 00:25:50,399 Speaker 3: to lose, shouting Viva la Santa Kaoura. According to Romo, 367 00:25:50,560 --> 00:25:54,240 Speaker 3: they killed six hundred federal troops, but the Mexican government 368 00:25:54,320 --> 00:25:58,360 Speaker 3: led a ruthless fight. They set fire to the village, 369 00:25:58,640 --> 00:26:01,679 Speaker 3: killed women and children. They stacked the bodies of the 370 00:26:01,760 --> 00:26:06,440 Speaker 3: dead with their leader, Cruise Travis on top. Not one 371 00:26:06,520 --> 00:26:09,480 Speaker 3: boy or man over the age of thirteen survived, according 372 00:26:09,520 --> 00:26:13,640 Speaker 3: to historians, so. 373 00:26:13,680 --> 00:26:17,119 Speaker 4: I was just kind of a vicious, vicious attack on 374 00:26:17,200 --> 00:26:22,879 Speaker 4: anyone that would challenge the power of the dictator of 375 00:26:22,920 --> 00:26:24,040 Speaker 4: Mexico at that time. 376 00:26:25,240 --> 00:26:30,840 Speaker 3: The Mexican government claimed that Issita incited the rebellion. She 377 00:26:31,040 --> 00:26:34,679 Speaker 3: always denied any involvement in any uprisings, but she also 378 00:26:34,800 --> 00:26:39,720 Speaker 3: defended them. She believed revolution was necessary when people were oppressed. 379 00:26:41,440 --> 00:26:45,200 Speaker 3: When she was nineteen years old, Portfido dies exiled Teresa 380 00:26:45,200 --> 00:26:49,679 Speaker 3: from Mexico. I can't help thinking of Teresa's power, of 381 00:26:49,720 --> 00:26:53,000 Speaker 3: the fact that men threw themselves into a revolution while 382 00:26:53,080 --> 00:26:54,160 Speaker 3: screaming her name. 383 00:26:55,760 --> 00:26:59,360 Speaker 2: Porfiodias had said she was the most dangerous girl in Mexico, 384 00:27:00,240 --> 00:27:03,800 Speaker 2: and she was a teenager. So what would make a 385 00:27:03,880 --> 00:27:10,680 Speaker 2: teenager dangerous to a dictator with incredible power and incredible 386 00:27:10,800 --> 00:27:11,919 Speaker 2: policing power. 387 00:27:13,240 --> 00:27:14,240 Speaker 3: You know that to me. 388 00:27:14,240 --> 00:27:17,199 Speaker 2: Shows you the power of her love and the power 389 00:27:17,480 --> 00:27:22,400 Speaker 2: of her vision, which was that everyone should be equal, 390 00:27:22,520 --> 00:27:29,399 Speaker 2: men and women, mestisos, blancos, indigenous people, everybody's human. 391 00:27:38,680 --> 00:27:42,160 Speaker 3: After being exiled from Mexico in eighteen ninety two, Teresa 392 00:27:42,160 --> 00:27:45,560 Speaker 3: lived in Nogles, Arizona. By then that as I was 393 00:27:45,680 --> 00:27:49,000 Speaker 3: already a star. The world press had been covering her 394 00:27:49,040 --> 00:27:52,600 Speaker 3: miraculous cures for two years. At that point, she. 395 00:27:52,640 --> 00:27:55,760 Speaker 4: Was in the newspapers all the time, the local newspapers, 396 00:27:56,359 --> 00:28:00,200 Speaker 4: newspapers in Mexico City, and there were articles like from 397 00:28:00,200 --> 00:28:02,480 Speaker 4: all over the United States about her, you know, the 398 00:28:02,480 --> 00:28:05,439 Speaker 4: New York Times, and I know that there were people 399 00:28:05,480 --> 00:28:08,960 Speaker 4: from France writing letters to her. So this is like 400 00:28:09,440 --> 00:28:12,840 Speaker 4: mega superstar in the world of the eighteen nineties. 401 00:28:13,760 --> 00:28:17,680 Speaker 3: Reading the articles it seems there's almost an obsession with her. 402 00:28:18,400 --> 00:28:21,720 Speaker 3: They often start by focusing on her looks. They call 403 00:28:21,800 --> 00:28:26,480 Speaker 3: her beautiful. In one article, she's described as Mexican in hue, 404 00:28:26,880 --> 00:28:32,439 Speaker 3: with large, handsome eyes, hypnotic. Some people call them raven haired, tall, 405 00:28:32,640 --> 00:28:37,280 Speaker 3: and slender. Another article is headlined she is not pretty. 406 00:28:37,880 --> 00:28:39,880 Speaker 3: It goes on to say that she is not ugly, 407 00:28:40,000 --> 00:28:43,480 Speaker 3: but she has quote a squatty figure and a round 408 00:28:43,640 --> 00:28:48,000 Speaker 3: fat face, just as hundreds of ordinary Mexican women have. 409 00:28:49,080 --> 00:28:53,240 Speaker 3: They speculate and scrutinize her cures. One article mentions American 410 00:28:53,240 --> 00:28:56,760 Speaker 3: physicians don't take her seriously because she doesn't practice germ 411 00:28:56,800 --> 00:28:59,560 Speaker 3: theory and touches the hands of the people she helps. 412 00:29:00,480 --> 00:29:05,280 Speaker 3: Many describe Americans looking at her with amusement. Some newspapers 413 00:29:05,360 --> 00:29:08,840 Speaker 3: label her a miraculous healer and others a crazy saint. 414 00:29:09,600 --> 00:29:12,720 Speaker 3: They call her the living patron saint of the Indians. 415 00:29:12,800 --> 00:29:16,440 Speaker 3: There are very few articles that actually include interviews with her. 416 00:29:16,960 --> 00:29:20,040 Speaker 3: Either way, it seems they couldn't stop talking about her. 417 00:29:21,840 --> 00:29:24,560 Speaker 3: After living in Arizona, she moved to Albaso in eighteen 418 00:29:24,640 --> 00:29:28,000 Speaker 3: ninety six. Hundreds of people gathered at the Union Depot 419 00:29:28,040 --> 00:29:33,120 Speaker 3: train station awaiting her arrival, people would spend hours trying 420 00:29:33,160 --> 00:29:37,000 Speaker 3: to catch just a glimpse of Teresa. An a'l Passotimes 421 00:29:37,120 --> 00:29:41,880 Speaker 3: article from that time reports, I imagine it, the hordes 422 00:29:41,920 --> 00:29:46,240 Speaker 3: of people pushing up against each other, tiptoeing over each 423 00:29:46,280 --> 00:29:50,600 Speaker 3: other's shoulders, the buzz and excitement in the air, the 424 00:29:50,680 --> 00:29:53,880 Speaker 3: way they must have screened her name when the train arrived, 425 00:29:54,360 --> 00:29:58,040 Speaker 3: how they must have roared. No less than three thousand 426 00:29:58,040 --> 00:30:00,800 Speaker 3: people visited her house on the day she arrived. 427 00:30:00,920 --> 00:30:05,880 Speaker 7: The article noted, she would stand there yegawan, you know, 428 00:30:06,080 --> 00:30:09,960 Speaker 7: hundreds of people, the line would be completely down, sewndoo, 429 00:30:10,840 --> 00:30:12,680 Speaker 7: and she would heal them with her hands. 430 00:30:14,080 --> 00:30:16,440 Speaker 3: That is, I would act. Calculated that she cured up 431 00:30:16,480 --> 00:30:21,000 Speaker 3: to two hundred people a day in Alpasso, from six 432 00:30:21,080 --> 00:30:24,040 Speaker 3: in the morning to nine at night. That Issa curd 433 00:30:24,080 --> 00:30:28,400 Speaker 3: for the ill. Various accounts exist of her healing work 434 00:30:28,640 --> 00:30:33,840 Speaker 3: and her miracles. She cured people suffering from smallpox, leprosy. 435 00:30:34,400 --> 00:30:37,920 Speaker 3: She touched people who were paralyzed and they could suddenly 436 00:30:38,080 --> 00:30:42,920 Speaker 3: walk again. The Alpasso Times reporter also described that as 437 00:30:42,960 --> 00:30:44,200 Speaker 3: a looking pale and. 438 00:30:44,120 --> 00:30:47,560 Speaker 2: Weak, she wasn't taking care of herself, because how can 439 00:30:47,600 --> 00:30:50,080 Speaker 2: you see hundreds of people per day, and then she 440 00:30:50,160 --> 00:30:52,720 Speaker 2: must have been under a lot of pressure because there 441 00:30:52,720 --> 00:30:54,840 Speaker 2: were thousands of people waiting to see her. 442 00:30:55,560 --> 00:30:59,360 Speaker 3: Throughout her life, her connections to the Mexican Revolution continue, 443 00:30:59,520 --> 00:31:03,680 Speaker 3: earning her the title the Mexican Joan of arc and Alpasso. 444 00:31:03,800 --> 00:31:08,800 Speaker 3: Teresa co edited Ellin de Bendente, an antids newspaper. Some 445 00:31:08,840 --> 00:31:10,520 Speaker 3: of the articles have her signature. 446 00:31:11,160 --> 00:31:15,240 Speaker 4: During this period, they were about forty Spanish language newspapers 447 00:31:15,680 --> 00:31:19,040 Speaker 4: in al Paso, and the large majority of them were 448 00:31:19,080 --> 00:31:23,400 Speaker 4: anti ideas. They were anti the dictatorship of Mexico, and 449 00:31:23,480 --> 00:31:27,400 Speaker 4: Soa was part of that movement, you know, like she 450 00:31:27,400 --> 00:31:30,200 Speaker 4: she was spreading the seat, spreading the ideas. 451 00:31:31,080 --> 00:31:34,520 Speaker 3: Throughout her life, Teresa was vocal about the Mexican government's 452 00:31:34,600 --> 00:31:36,560 Speaker 3: exploitation of indigenous people. 453 00:31:37,120 --> 00:31:40,160 Speaker 5: I pity the Indians of Sonona. I wish they were 454 00:31:40,240 --> 00:31:43,880 Speaker 5: cared for and protected. I fear they will be exterminated. 455 00:31:44,720 --> 00:31:46,600 Speaker 5: I would do anything for them. 456 00:31:47,120 --> 00:31:50,240 Speaker 3: The year that Isa arrived in Alpaso, she co authored 457 00:31:50,840 --> 00:31:55,440 Speaker 3: De Tomochic, a manifesto accusing the Mexican government of murdering 458 00:31:55,520 --> 00:31:58,840 Speaker 3: Yaqi children. It also called for the abolishment of the 459 00:31:58,880 --> 00:32:01,760 Speaker 3: death penalty and the emancipation of women. 460 00:32:02,000 --> 00:32:05,760 Speaker 4: And half of the people that signed this manifesto were women, 461 00:32:06,400 --> 00:32:08,440 Speaker 4: so that's like incredibly advanced. 462 00:32:09,400 --> 00:32:13,760 Speaker 3: During the same year, another antiths rebellion breaks out, this 463 00:32:13,880 --> 00:32:17,520 Speaker 3: time at a Mexican customs house located in Nogales, Sonora. 464 00:32:18,120 --> 00:32:21,320 Speaker 4: This is in August twelve, eighteen ninety six, and there's 465 00:32:21,400 --> 00:32:25,720 Speaker 4: forty rebels that attacked the Mexican custom selve and Noal Sonora, 466 00:32:26,240 --> 00:32:28,320 Speaker 4: shouting Viva la Santa Caa. 467 00:32:29,360 --> 00:32:33,440 Speaker 3: The rebels killed two Mexican soldiers and temporarily took control 468 00:32:33,520 --> 00:32:36,880 Speaker 3: of the customs house for several hours. Some of the 469 00:32:36,960 --> 00:32:41,360 Speaker 3: men carried letters signed by Teresa, pictures of her, copies 470 00:32:41,400 --> 00:32:45,320 Speaker 3: of the newspaper she co edited, US and Mexican soldiers 471 00:32:45,400 --> 00:32:49,160 Speaker 3: joined forces and killed seven of the rebels. A picture 472 00:32:49,320 --> 00:32:53,040 Speaker 3: of their dead bodies was published in the press. The 473 00:32:53,160 --> 00:32:58,080 Speaker 3: caption described them as los indios fanaticos de la Santa Decaa, 474 00:32:58,360 --> 00:33:03,520 Speaker 3: the extremist Indian file followers of Lasantha de Caaba. The 475 00:33:03,600 --> 00:33:08,040 Speaker 3: American press became highly critical of her. They accused her 476 00:33:08,120 --> 00:33:12,040 Speaker 3: of leading several rebellions, including the one in Nogales. 477 00:33:13,480 --> 00:33:22,160 Speaker 4: So after this happens, the media begins questioning just how 478 00:33:22,240 --> 00:33:23,080 Speaker 4: dangerous she. 479 00:33:23,160 --> 00:33:27,480 Speaker 3: Was headline after headline accused her of leading rebellions, of 480 00:33:27,560 --> 00:33:31,960 Speaker 3: hypnotizing the peaceful Yaki Indians, of causing trouble and Mexico 481 00:33:32,040 --> 00:33:33,800 Speaker 3: with her spiritualist propaganda. 482 00:33:34,400 --> 00:33:37,000 Speaker 2: That whole idea of calling her a witch is a 483 00:33:37,040 --> 00:33:42,360 Speaker 2: way to discredit her, to undermine her knowledge and her influence. 484 00:33:43,160 --> 00:33:46,360 Speaker 2: And then by saying that she's the reason that Indigenous 485 00:33:46,400 --> 00:33:52,000 Speaker 2: people are rebelling, that's a way also to say they're 486 00:33:52,040 --> 00:33:55,920 Speaker 2: too ignorant to organize on their own. 487 00:33:59,120 --> 00:34:02,880 Speaker 3: Her vision of justice and equality was so strong that 488 00:34:02,920 --> 00:34:05,520 Speaker 3: even if she didn't tell people to take arms, she 489 00:34:05,640 --> 00:34:10,959 Speaker 3: became their war cry. She turned into a symbol of resistance. Traditionally, 490 00:34:11,120 --> 00:34:14,760 Speaker 3: it's taught that the Mexican Revolution began on November twentieth, 491 00:34:14,920 --> 00:34:19,279 Speaker 3: nineteen ten, after Teresa died, but David argues that the 492 00:34:19,320 --> 00:34:20,960 Speaker 3: revolution began sooner. 493 00:34:21,680 --> 00:34:26,360 Speaker 4: That's the encyclopedia version. This revolutionary activity happened way before 494 00:34:26,440 --> 00:34:30,479 Speaker 4: nineteen ten. So it's naive to think that on one day, 495 00:34:31,000 --> 00:34:36,400 Speaker 4: one guy calls her people to revolt and everybody rises up. No, 496 00:34:36,800 --> 00:34:41,000 Speaker 4: you plan sets sometimes for decades, and there's a lot of 497 00:34:41,040 --> 00:34:42,200 Speaker 4: failed battles. 498 00:34:43,160 --> 00:34:45,759 Speaker 3: He places that is Sahura as a key figure in 499 00:34:45,800 --> 00:34:49,600 Speaker 3: the Mexican Revolution that deserves more recognition, but whose role 500 00:34:49,640 --> 00:34:51,279 Speaker 3: has been ignored by historians. 501 00:34:51,960 --> 00:34:54,560 Speaker 4: Her role in the revolution was not to shoot people, 502 00:34:55,280 --> 00:35:01,120 Speaker 4: It was to inspire people. It is Fronteisa based healing 503 00:35:01,239 --> 00:35:05,120 Speaker 4: powers that could ultimately change the world, that they could 504 00:35:05,239 --> 00:35:08,319 Speaker 4: lead to a revolution, to a more just fission of 505 00:35:08,840 --> 00:35:11,840 Speaker 4: who we are as a community, and that was incredibly 506 00:35:11,920 --> 00:35:12,960 Speaker 4: ahead of her time. 507 00:35:14,080 --> 00:35:18,239 Speaker 3: For Yolanda, the history professor. That is as radical politics 508 00:35:18,239 --> 00:35:20,520 Speaker 3: set her apart from other couranderos. 509 00:35:20,960 --> 00:35:23,360 Speaker 2: I think the more important thing that sets her apart 510 00:35:24,160 --> 00:35:29,839 Speaker 2: is that she combined traditional knowledge with I guess what 511 00:35:29,840 --> 00:35:33,880 Speaker 2: we would call now social justice. I don't see that 512 00:35:34,040 --> 00:35:37,880 Speaker 2: in the other healers of that time. That's what sets 513 00:35:37,880 --> 00:35:42,160 Speaker 2: her apart, is that combination of tradition but also a 514 00:35:42,280 --> 00:35:44,920 Speaker 2: vision for a better future. 515 00:35:54,800 --> 00:35:57,320 Speaker 3: While she lived in Alpaso, they tried to kill Ddesa 516 00:35:57,480 --> 00:36:00,640 Speaker 3: three times, causing her to leave just a year later. 517 00:36:01,400 --> 00:36:06,200 Speaker 3: She faced assassination attempts throughout her life. Here's grice again. 518 00:36:06,600 --> 00:36:10,759 Speaker 6: And it's incredible to think that a young woman could 519 00:36:10,800 --> 00:36:15,360 Speaker 6: be such a threat to like a government, a whole 520 00:36:15,400 --> 00:36:16,680 Speaker 6: system of patriarchy. 521 00:36:17,560 --> 00:36:22,600 Speaker 3: After leaving Alpaso, Teresa moved to Clifton, Arizona. There isn't 522 00:36:22,640 --> 00:36:25,120 Speaker 3: a lot of reporting on this period of her life 523 00:36:25,239 --> 00:36:29,680 Speaker 3: until nineteen hundred. In Clifton, she met a man called 524 00:36:29,680 --> 00:36:35,360 Speaker 3: Guadalupe Rodriguez. Guadalupe remains a mysterious man. It's hard to 525 00:36:35,360 --> 00:36:39,880 Speaker 3: find any archival information about him. In an interview with 526 00:36:39,960 --> 00:36:44,840 Speaker 3: one of Teresa's relatives, he's described as handsome. Teresa married 527 00:36:44,840 --> 00:36:49,120 Speaker 3: Guadalupe eight months after meeting him, against her father's wishes. 528 00:36:49,640 --> 00:36:53,319 Speaker 3: At the time, Teresa was twenty seven years old. The 529 00:36:53,440 --> 00:36:57,359 Speaker 3: day after they got married, Guadalupe tried to kill her. 530 00:36:59,080 --> 00:37:01,880 Speaker 3: Teresa recount at what happened in an article from the 531 00:37:01,920 --> 00:37:03,400 Speaker 3: San Francisco Examiner. 532 00:37:04,600 --> 00:37:07,120 Speaker 5: The next day after we were married, he acted strangely. 533 00:37:07,800 --> 00:37:09,799 Speaker 5: He tore up some things of mine, pecked some of 534 00:37:09,840 --> 00:37:12,320 Speaker 5: my clothes in a bundle, put it over his shoulder, 535 00:37:12,360 --> 00:37:15,200 Speaker 5: and said to me, come with me. The people who 536 00:37:15,239 --> 00:37:17,120 Speaker 5: saw him said for me not to go, but I 537 00:37:17,200 --> 00:37:20,640 Speaker 5: followed him. He walked on the railroad track. I did 538 00:37:20,640 --> 00:37:23,160 Speaker 5: not know where he wanted to run. I ran to 539 00:37:24,120 --> 00:37:27,480 Speaker 5: He had his gun and started to shoot. The people 540 00:37:27,560 --> 00:37:31,160 Speaker 5: ran out and made me come back. Then they caught him. 541 00:37:31,520 --> 00:37:33,360 Speaker 5: He was insane, and they put him in jail. 542 00:37:34,840 --> 00:37:39,239 Speaker 3: A headline from the time read Santa Teresa shot by spouse. 543 00:37:39,719 --> 00:37:44,680 Speaker 3: Yaqui saint finds marriage a failure. Other articles reported that 544 00:37:44,760 --> 00:37:48,600 Speaker 3: she lost popularity amongst her followers because saints are not 545 00:37:48,640 --> 00:37:59,440 Speaker 3: supposed to get married. She later divorced him that I 546 00:37:59,480 --> 00:38:01,840 Speaker 3: Saw then left her family in Clifton and traveled to 547 00:38:01,880 --> 00:38:06,360 Speaker 3: San Francisco, Los Angeles, New York, and Saint Louis. She 548 00:38:06,520 --> 00:38:09,240 Speaker 3: was planning on embarking on a world tour and wanted 549 00:38:09,280 --> 00:38:12,040 Speaker 3: to travel to Europe and India in order to learn 550 00:38:12,080 --> 00:38:17,200 Speaker 3: about the source of her healing powers. She said her 551 00:38:17,280 --> 00:38:20,200 Speaker 3: power came from God, but she wanted to learn how 552 00:38:20,200 --> 00:38:21,720 Speaker 3: it moved through her body. 553 00:38:22,400 --> 00:38:25,040 Speaker 5: I seek to find out whence the power is derived. 554 00:38:27,120 --> 00:38:30,640 Speaker 3: She wanted to travel to cities like Paris and Jerusalem, 555 00:38:31,360 --> 00:38:34,759 Speaker 3: where may I find someone wise in such matters who 556 00:38:34,840 --> 00:38:38,680 Speaker 3: can and will tell me the secret? But she didn't 557 00:38:38,719 --> 00:38:42,239 Speaker 3: make it to those cities. In nineteen o two, her 558 00:38:42,280 --> 00:38:45,759 Speaker 3: father died. That same year, she gave birth to her 559 00:38:45,800 --> 00:38:48,719 Speaker 3: first child. That as I had lived in New York 560 00:38:48,760 --> 00:38:51,160 Speaker 3: for a year with her translator and a family friend, 561 00:38:51,640 --> 00:38:55,440 Speaker 3: John Van Order. She had two daughters with him at 562 00:38:55,480 --> 00:38:58,480 Speaker 3: the time. This would have been very controversial since they 563 00:38:58,480 --> 00:38:59,360 Speaker 3: were not married. 564 00:39:00,160 --> 00:39:03,080 Speaker 4: She was definitely a woman ahead of her times and 565 00:39:03,120 --> 00:39:07,360 Speaker 4: a woman that was that straddled many different borders. She 566 00:39:07,520 --> 00:39:10,640 Speaker 4: was a liminal being, somebody that's neither here nor there, 567 00:39:11,120 --> 00:39:13,799 Speaker 4: and I think that's what made her so fascinating. So 568 00:39:13,880 --> 00:39:16,600 Speaker 4: this was a woman that was defying all kinds of 569 00:39:17,640 --> 00:39:19,359 Speaker 4: traditional boundaries. 570 00:39:20,760 --> 00:39:23,400 Speaker 3: In nineteen oh four, Teresa moved back to Arizona with 571 00:39:23,440 --> 00:39:26,120 Speaker 3: her partner John. She bought some land and had a 572 00:39:26,160 --> 00:39:31,040 Speaker 3: house built. On October fifteenth, nineteen oh five, Teresa Ure 573 00:39:31,160 --> 00:39:34,080 Speaker 3: hosted a party in her newly built home in Clifton 574 00:39:34,560 --> 00:39:38,880 Speaker 3: to celebrate her thirty second birthday. I imagine this moment 575 00:39:39,280 --> 00:39:42,640 Speaker 3: the era of us, with celebration and joy. They just 576 00:39:42,719 --> 00:39:46,840 Speaker 3: blew out the candles, everyone's eating cake. Esa liked to 577 00:39:46,840 --> 00:39:49,960 Speaker 3: play the guitar and the marimba. She loved to sing. 578 00:39:50,640 --> 00:39:55,439 Speaker 3: The room freshly minted by her voice. Maybe she had 579 00:39:55,520 --> 00:40:00,240 Speaker 3: just opened gifts. But then Esa predicted she would die 580 00:40:00,239 --> 00:40:03,560 Speaker 3: before her next birthday, when she would turn thirty three. 581 00:40:05,600 --> 00:40:08,200 Speaker 3: Then she went around the room and said goodbye to 582 00:40:08,360 --> 00:40:17,560 Speaker 3: every guest. Months later, on January eleventh, nineteen oh six, 583 00:40:17,719 --> 00:40:20,319 Speaker 3: that is, I was at home with Marianna, her old 584 00:40:20,320 --> 00:40:23,440 Speaker 3: time friend and aid and one of the first people 585 00:40:23,440 --> 00:40:26,839 Speaker 3: that she had healed. She told Marianna, put me. 586 00:40:26,800 --> 00:40:28,960 Speaker 5: In this room and put these clothes on me. 587 00:40:29,719 --> 00:40:32,040 Speaker 3: The room she was referring to was on the second 588 00:40:32,080 --> 00:40:34,839 Speaker 3: floor of her house. It was called the flower room 589 00:40:34,960 --> 00:40:38,640 Speaker 3: because it was full of flowers, ferns, and plants. It 590 00:40:38,719 --> 00:40:42,920 Speaker 3: was built to allow the maximum amount of sunlight. Teressa 591 00:40:43,040 --> 00:40:48,839 Speaker 3: loved flowers. She grew geraniums, pegonias, a bright red hibiscus. 592 00:40:49,560 --> 00:40:53,200 Speaker 3: Her hair was five feet long, thatis, I would kick 593 00:40:53,239 --> 00:40:55,839 Speaker 3: it out of her way when it was loose. It 594 00:40:55,880 --> 00:41:01,280 Speaker 3: was longer than her body. When they offered her tea, Teresa. 595 00:41:00,920 --> 00:41:04,440 Speaker 5: Said, and do not want tea. I feel so badly. 596 00:41:05,360 --> 00:41:07,160 Speaker 5: I think this is my last day of life. 597 00:41:08,960 --> 00:41:12,399 Speaker 3: Teresa asked for a pan and a towel. She washed 598 00:41:12,400 --> 00:41:15,520 Speaker 3: her hands, wiped them down, tied them with a blue ribbon, 599 00:41:15,960 --> 00:41:19,759 Speaker 3: handed the towel back and said take this. I will 600 00:41:19,800 --> 00:41:24,400 Speaker 3: never use it again. She then went to rest in 601 00:41:24,440 --> 00:41:32,600 Speaker 3: her bedroom. Quite late afternoon, Teresa died. Marianna dressed her 602 00:41:32,600 --> 00:41:37,080 Speaker 3: in a white robe and a blue shawl. When they 603 00:41:37,120 --> 00:41:40,840 Speaker 3: put Teresa in the coffin, they wrapped her long hair 604 00:41:41,160 --> 00:41:45,000 Speaker 3: around her arm. She gave instructions to lay her in 605 00:41:45,080 --> 00:41:49,480 Speaker 3: the flower room for her funeral. I can imagine Teresa 606 00:41:49,719 --> 00:41:54,480 Speaker 3: suspended in flowers. The cause of her death isn't clear. 607 00:41:55,080 --> 00:41:59,240 Speaker 3: She might have had tuberculosis or pneumonia. The official record 608 00:41:59,400 --> 00:42:00,440 Speaker 3: stated k consumption. 609 00:42:01,800 --> 00:42:07,479 Speaker 6: That's another aspect of curandismo. Is that life force that 610 00:42:07,560 --> 00:42:11,400 Speaker 6: you have, that you're sharing it with people, and they're 611 00:42:11,480 --> 00:42:14,080 Speaker 6: taking little pieces of it, little pieces of it, little 612 00:42:14,080 --> 00:42:17,080 Speaker 6: pieces of it. Eventually, you know, a lot of curandetto's 613 00:42:17,120 --> 00:42:22,640 Speaker 6: get really sick and they die, you know. And so 614 00:42:22,840 --> 00:42:26,799 Speaker 6: it's that deep of a commitment when I tell you 615 00:42:26,880 --> 00:42:28,280 Speaker 6: it's till the death. 616 00:42:30,719 --> 00:42:34,279 Speaker 3: I can't talk about that Isa without admitting the sadness 617 00:42:34,320 --> 00:42:36,760 Speaker 3: I feel when I think of her life and death. 618 00:42:37,520 --> 00:42:42,000 Speaker 3: Her story feels incomplete, like a picture of her that's 619 00:42:42,000 --> 00:42:46,000 Speaker 3: been punctured with tiny holes. I feel the limitations of 620 00:42:46,040 --> 00:42:50,040 Speaker 3: the archive, of the gaps in her life, the things 621 00:42:50,080 --> 00:42:53,840 Speaker 3: about her that I can only imagine or speculate, the 622 00:42:53,920 --> 00:42:59,160 Speaker 3: sound of her voice, her favorite book, her favorite smelly. 623 00:42:59,200 --> 00:43:01,239 Speaker 2: And that's one of the frustrating things to me as 624 00:43:01,280 --> 00:43:06,239 Speaker 2: a historian, is it, especially with women, There's just things 625 00:43:06,280 --> 00:43:06,920 Speaker 2: we'll never know. 626 00:43:08,440 --> 00:43:11,760 Speaker 3: I think about the way the press wrote about her 627 00:43:12,760 --> 00:43:17,880 Speaker 3: banished Senorita, the woes of Teresa Urrea, a witch to 628 00:43:17,960 --> 00:43:22,080 Speaker 3: be shot. I think of all the violences she must 629 00:43:22,120 --> 00:43:25,359 Speaker 3: have experienced that we will never know about, and of 630 00:43:25,400 --> 00:43:26,080 Speaker 3: her strength. 631 00:43:27,280 --> 00:43:30,360 Speaker 6: She's a woman, She wasn't a saint. 632 00:43:31,920 --> 00:43:33,200 Speaker 2: She was a teen girl. 633 00:43:34,560 --> 00:43:37,560 Speaker 3: I imagine the details of her life that an archive 634 00:43:37,680 --> 00:43:42,360 Speaker 3: imbued with sexism and racism will never be able to 635 00:43:42,400 --> 00:43:46,400 Speaker 3: tell us about her. Did she stare into a lover's eyes? 636 00:43:47,200 --> 00:43:49,720 Speaker 3: Did she dance by herself in front of a mirror. 637 00:43:50,480 --> 00:43:54,320 Speaker 3: Maybe she scribbled her secrets into a journal she secretly 638 00:43:54,360 --> 00:43:57,799 Speaker 3: stashed away somewhere only for herself. 639 00:43:59,320 --> 00:44:01,800 Speaker 6: I don't know why I always think like I always 640 00:44:01,800 --> 00:44:04,560 Speaker 6: think about how lonely she must have been, and even 641 00:44:05,360 --> 00:44:08,880 Speaker 6: growing older and not really knowing who you can trust, 642 00:44:09,160 --> 00:44:13,480 Speaker 6: and really being seen as like a commodity. 643 00:44:14,360 --> 00:44:16,640 Speaker 3: Her whole life is marked by the things she did 644 00:44:16,680 --> 00:44:19,680 Speaker 3: for others. What does her life tell us about what 645 00:44:19,920 --> 00:44:23,080 Speaker 3: society deems worthy of remembering About the life of a 646 00:44:23,120 --> 00:44:29,160 Speaker 3: revolutionary woman. I imagine her existing without the weight of 647 00:44:29,200 --> 00:44:33,640 Speaker 3: having to be godly, saintly, of her having an ordinary life, 648 00:44:33,840 --> 00:44:37,879 Speaker 3: drinking a cup of coffee, reading a poem singing into 649 00:44:37,880 --> 00:44:42,799 Speaker 3: the stem of a sunflower, I remember her limitlessness and 650 00:44:42,920 --> 00:44:53,640 Speaker 3: maybe this is enough. Back at Teresa's former red brick 651 00:44:53,719 --> 00:44:56,920 Speaker 3: wall apartment in Alpasso, the entrance of the building is 652 00:44:56,960 --> 00:45:00,160 Speaker 3: fenced in with black gates. Through its holes you can 653 00:45:00,239 --> 00:45:03,799 Speaker 3: see a giant plaque. Historian Da Vitromo reads it. 654 00:45:04,880 --> 00:45:07,640 Speaker 4: This was the site of the residence of Teresa Orva, 655 00:45:08,960 --> 00:45:15,360 Speaker 4: an influential legendary healer who helped inspire early revolutionary movements. 656 00:45:16,520 --> 00:45:19,600 Speaker 3: There were once murals that covered the courtyard adjacent to 657 00:45:19,640 --> 00:45:23,960 Speaker 3: the apartment complex that hosted Musse Urbano. The murals were 658 00:45:23,960 --> 00:45:27,439 Speaker 3: painted by students and people from the neighborhood. Now they've 659 00:45:27,440 --> 00:45:30,520 Speaker 3: been painted over in a coat of page. Only one 660 00:45:30,600 --> 00:45:34,960 Speaker 3: tiny mural stands. The Mussano closed down in twenty twelve 661 00:45:35,000 --> 00:45:37,960 Speaker 3: after they ran out of funds. And although the museum 662 00:45:38,040 --> 00:45:40,759 Speaker 3: is gone and the murals are gone, the spirit of 663 00:45:40,800 --> 00:45:42,759 Speaker 3: the museum lingers like a photograph. 664 00:45:43,400 --> 00:45:47,919 Speaker 4: I have never seen a reaction as joyful and as 665 00:45:48,000 --> 00:45:52,480 Speaker 4: grateful and as excited enthused for any museum I've ever 666 00:45:52,520 --> 00:45:56,319 Speaker 4: been too. And yeah, they hit me like people were 667 00:45:56,360 --> 00:46:00,920 Speaker 4: just like they're so hungry to have like a piece 668 00:46:00,960 --> 00:46:06,200 Speaker 4: of their history, be honored, be dignified, even if it's 669 00:46:06,200 --> 00:46:08,320 Speaker 4: something very small and very poor. 670 00:46:09,239 --> 00:46:13,040 Speaker 3: And maybe that is the biggest testament to Teresa's legacy, 671 00:46:13,719 --> 00:46:17,600 Speaker 3: that even though her history was largely erased and forgotten, 672 00:46:18,040 --> 00:46:22,080 Speaker 3: her memory lives on in this building, in this city, 673 00:46:22,680 --> 00:46:23,440 Speaker 3: in its people. 674 00:46:27,239 --> 00:46:31,560 Speaker 2: One of the failures I think of radicals in the 675 00:46:31,719 --> 00:46:38,359 Speaker 2: history of this country is that they look only at politics, 676 00:46:38,440 --> 00:46:42,400 Speaker 2: but they don't think about love. But I'm not talking 677 00:46:42,400 --> 00:46:46,360 Speaker 2: about mushy, you know, romantic love. I'm talking about the 678 00:46:46,480 --> 00:46:49,880 Speaker 2: kind of love that recognizes the humanity and other people. 679 00:46:50,600 --> 00:46:53,480 Speaker 2: And if we recognize the humanity and other people, like 680 00:46:54,320 --> 00:46:59,080 Speaker 2: I believe that Asita did, then you want the best 681 00:46:59,160 --> 00:47:02,520 Speaker 2: for them, you want for yourself, and that would just 682 00:47:02,640 --> 00:47:03,440 Speaker 2: change everything. 683 00:47:32,719 --> 00:47:35,640 Speaker 1: This episode was produced by Mari es Kink and edited 684 00:47:35,640 --> 00:47:38,319 Speaker 1: by Marta Martinez. It was mixed by Stephanie Lebo and 685 00:47:38,360 --> 00:47:41,840 Speaker 1: Julia Caruso. Fact checking for this episode by Ben Calen. 686 00:47:42,200 --> 00:47:46,400 Speaker 1: The Latino USA team includes Andrea Lopez Grusado, Daisy Contreres, 687 00:47:46,480 --> 00:47:50,920 Speaker 1: Mike Sergeant, Victoria Estrada, Rinaldo, Leanos Junior, Patricia Sulbaran, and 688 00:47:50,960 --> 00:47:54,600 Speaker 1: Julia Rocha, with help from Raoul Perez Our editorial director 689 00:47:54,680 --> 00:47:58,360 Speaker 1: is Fernandes Santos. Our associate engineers are gabriel A. Biez 690 00:47:58,400 --> 00:48:01,880 Speaker 1: and j. J. Krubin. Our marketing manager is Luis Luna. 691 00:48:02,040 --> 00:48:06,480 Speaker 1: Our New York Women's Foundation Fellow is Elizabeth Lentaltores. Our 692 00:48:06,520 --> 00:48:09,160 Speaker 1: theme music was composed by zay E Rabinos. I'm your 693 00:48:09,160 --> 00:48:12,319 Speaker 1: host and executive producer marieno Josa. Join us on our 694 00:48:12,360 --> 00:48:14,760 Speaker 1: next episode and remember note vs. 695 00:48:15,200 --> 00:48:16,840 Speaker 3: St Approxima Joe. 696 00:48:18,480 --> 00:48:22,520 Speaker 8: Latino USA is made possible in part by the Heising 697 00:48:22,600 --> 00:48:29,560 Speaker 8: Simons Foundation unlocking knowledge, opportunity and possibilities more at hsfoundation 698 00:48:29,800 --> 00:48:34,080 Speaker 8: dot org, the Ford Foundation working with visionaries on the 699 00:48:34,080 --> 00:48:39,160 Speaker 8: front lines of social change worldwide, and New York Women's Foundation. 700 00:48:39,960 --> 00:48:43,440 Speaker 8: The New York Women's Foundation, funding women leaders that build 701 00:48:43,440 --> 00:48:48,359 Speaker 8: solutions in their communities and celebrating thirty years of radical generosity. 702 00:48:52,280 --> 00:48:55,080 Speaker 3: At the time, this would have been very controversial since 703 00:48:55,120 --> 00:48:55,960 Speaker 3: they were not married. 704 00:49:02,200 --> 00:49:02,239 Speaker 2: Er