1 00:00:07,240 --> 00:00:10,719 Speaker 1: Hey, Daniel, you know, sometimes I'm really amazed about how 2 00:00:10,760 --> 00:00:15,360 Speaker 1: small we are compared to the entire planet Earth. Like 3 00:00:15,440 --> 00:00:17,840 Speaker 1: we're tiny compared to this giant ball of rock we're 4 00:00:17,880 --> 00:00:20,880 Speaker 1: standing on it. It's true, we are really small compared 5 00:00:20,880 --> 00:00:22,600 Speaker 1: to the Earth. But then on the other hand, the 6 00:00:22,680 --> 00:00:25,880 Speaker 1: Earth is tiny compared to like the other planets. But 7 00:00:25,960 --> 00:00:29,040 Speaker 1: even the biggest planet is dwarf by the size of 8 00:00:29,160 --> 00:00:33,040 Speaker 1: the Sun in our Solar system. Yeah, the stuff in 9 00:00:33,040 --> 00:00:35,640 Speaker 1: the Solar System is just the Sun and the Sun. 10 00:00:35,680 --> 00:00:37,520 Speaker 1: Our Sun is not even one of the bigger stars 11 00:00:37,560 --> 00:00:40,159 Speaker 1: out there. It's like a mini star, right, Yeah, there 12 00:00:40,159 --> 00:00:43,360 Speaker 1: are some moongo stars out there, and then of course, 13 00:00:43,600 --> 00:00:46,920 Speaker 1: like all the stars together, the galaxy is just enormous 14 00:00:46,960 --> 00:00:49,920 Speaker 1: compared to like our Solar system. Yeah, and as big 15 00:00:49,960 --> 00:00:53,400 Speaker 1: as the galaxy is, it's really just one little tiny 16 00:00:53,520 --> 00:00:58,640 Speaker 1: drop in the vast ocean of galaxies to our billions 17 00:00:58,640 --> 00:01:01,680 Speaker 1: of galaxies out there, right, But the galaxies aren't just 18 00:01:01,760 --> 00:01:04,920 Speaker 1: an ocean. There's really interesting structures there which get bigger 19 00:01:04,959 --> 00:01:08,160 Speaker 1: and bigger and bigger. There are things bigger than galaxies. 20 00:01:08,319 --> 00:01:11,240 Speaker 1: Oh yeah, the galaxies are just tiny dots in the end. 21 00:01:12,040 --> 00:01:14,959 Speaker 1: It's fascinating actually, because it gets bigger and bigger, and 22 00:01:15,000 --> 00:01:18,240 Speaker 1: then it stops and at some point there isn't anything bigger. 23 00:01:19,400 --> 00:01:22,800 Speaker 1: There is actually the biggest thing in the universe. That's right, 24 00:01:22,880 --> 00:01:45,319 Speaker 1: and it's not my ego. I am and I'm Daniel. 25 00:01:45,480 --> 00:01:48,800 Speaker 1: Welcome to our podcast. Daniel and Jorge explained the universe 26 00:01:48,920 --> 00:01:52,480 Speaker 1: in which we tackled the small and today the very 27 00:01:52,600 --> 00:01:55,360 Speaker 1: very large things in the universe. That's right to be 28 00:01:55,440 --> 00:02:02,680 Speaker 1: on the podcast, we're going to ask the question, what 29 00:02:03,000 --> 00:02:11,359 Speaker 1: is the biggest thing in the universe? UNIVERSEI universe, that's right. 30 00:02:11,400 --> 00:02:14,120 Speaker 1: I thought this is a pretty fun idea. Like the 31 00:02:14,240 --> 00:02:18,079 Speaker 1: universe is big, but it's mostly empty, right, Like most 32 00:02:18,120 --> 00:02:21,040 Speaker 1: of the of the the stuff in the universe is 33 00:02:21,120 --> 00:02:23,799 Speaker 1: just emptiness. It's space. Right, it took an average chunk 34 00:02:23,840 --> 00:02:26,720 Speaker 1: of the universe, it would mostly be pretty empty. Um, 35 00:02:26,760 --> 00:02:29,960 Speaker 1: but it's also filled with really big, big things. You know. 36 00:02:30,000 --> 00:02:32,640 Speaker 1: I love this, this the contrast in the scales between 37 00:02:32,639 --> 00:02:35,359 Speaker 1: the different stuff in the universe, right. Yeah, And it's 38 00:02:35,400 --> 00:02:38,200 Speaker 1: all about context, right, Like something that you think is big, 39 00:02:38,360 --> 00:02:41,680 Speaker 1: like you know, the empire, state building, it's big, but 40 00:02:41,720 --> 00:02:44,359 Speaker 1: it's only sort of big in in a certain context, 41 00:02:44,400 --> 00:02:47,359 Speaker 1: in a certain scale. Exactly you can always zoom out 42 00:02:47,680 --> 00:02:50,520 Speaker 1: from wherever you are, and whatever you were amazed at 43 00:02:50,560 --> 00:02:52,880 Speaker 1: how big it was then just becomes a tiny dot 44 00:02:53,200 --> 00:02:55,760 Speaker 1: and there's some other new structure. You're like, wow, look 45 00:02:55,760 --> 00:02:58,200 Speaker 1: at that. Look how big America is, or look how 46 00:02:58,280 --> 00:03:00,640 Speaker 1: big you know the world is. Look how big the 47 00:03:00,639 --> 00:03:04,320 Speaker 1: Solar system is. It's incredible how many different scales the 48 00:03:04,400 --> 00:03:07,520 Speaker 1: universe operates on, right, Right, because it could have been different, Right. 49 00:03:07,520 --> 00:03:09,880 Speaker 1: It could have been like the universe is just a 50 00:03:09,880 --> 00:03:12,760 Speaker 1: bunch of rocks. At each rock as a meter in length, 51 00:03:12,960 --> 00:03:15,680 Speaker 1: and that's it, and there's no structure, and they're not organized, 52 00:03:15,680 --> 00:03:18,360 Speaker 1: they just sort of distributed through the universe. Right. It 53 00:03:18,360 --> 00:03:21,960 Speaker 1: could have been like that, just like a haze of rocks, right, 54 00:03:22,280 --> 00:03:23,679 Speaker 1: in which case you would only be able to say 55 00:03:23,680 --> 00:03:26,600 Speaker 1: that the biggest thing in the universe is like a 56 00:03:26,639 --> 00:03:30,120 Speaker 1: one meter rock. That's right. Yeah. But the universe seems 57 00:03:30,160 --> 00:03:32,000 Speaker 1: to like to organize. I mean, I don't want to 58 00:03:32,000 --> 00:03:34,040 Speaker 1: say like obviously in a literal way, because the universe 59 00:03:34,080 --> 00:03:37,640 Speaker 1: doesn't like or dislike anything, But the universe does tend 60 00:03:37,680 --> 00:03:41,640 Speaker 1: to organize stuff right into bigger and bigger objects and whatever. 61 00:03:41,640 --> 00:03:44,280 Speaker 1: It's done organizing something that it groups those together into 62 00:03:44,280 --> 00:03:47,160 Speaker 1: objects and grew those together. Right, So it's pretty amazing 63 00:03:47,520 --> 00:03:50,440 Speaker 1: what it's managed to accomplish and only fourteen billion years. 64 00:03:51,200 --> 00:03:54,040 Speaker 1: And so these structures of the universe keep getting bigger 65 00:03:54,080 --> 00:03:57,040 Speaker 1: and bigger and bigger forever or does it at some 66 00:03:57,080 --> 00:03:59,520 Speaker 1: point stop? Yeah, so that's what we're gonna dig into today. 67 00:03:59,800 --> 00:04:02,360 Speaker 1: It turns out that there is the biggest thing in 68 00:04:02,360 --> 00:04:05,480 Speaker 1: the universe. There's a point above which there is no 69 00:04:05,520 --> 00:04:09,440 Speaker 1: more organization. Everything is just sprinkled evenly through the universe. 70 00:04:10,360 --> 00:04:13,080 Speaker 1: So the question is what is the biggest thing in 71 00:04:13,160 --> 00:04:16,640 Speaker 1: the universe. That's right, somebody something out there currently reigns 72 00:04:16,680 --> 00:04:19,920 Speaker 1: Supreme is the biggest thing in the universe. Yeah, that's 73 00:04:19,920 --> 00:04:22,280 Speaker 1: a pretty impressive title, right. That's not one something that 74 00:04:22,520 --> 00:04:24,520 Speaker 1: you can just pick up any day. It takes billions 75 00:04:24,520 --> 00:04:26,200 Speaker 1: of years to work up to it. You've gotta train, 76 00:04:26,279 --> 00:04:30,599 Speaker 1: you gotta practice, you know, you gotta afternoons, endeavor, lift weights, 77 00:04:30,720 --> 00:04:34,200 Speaker 1: make stars. I was thinking more like, eat a lot 78 00:04:34,240 --> 00:04:37,040 Speaker 1: of pizza, you know this kind of stuff. You gotta 79 00:04:37,080 --> 00:04:39,080 Speaker 1: gather masks here. We're not trying to lose it, right, 80 00:04:39,480 --> 00:04:41,360 Speaker 1: the biggest thing in the universe. Yeah, so we were 81 00:04:41,360 --> 00:04:44,640 Speaker 1: wondering how many people out there knew the answer to 82 00:04:44,680 --> 00:04:46,640 Speaker 1: this question what is the biggest thing in the universe? 83 00:04:46,920 --> 00:04:49,200 Speaker 1: And I think, Daniel, you sort of imagine that most 84 00:04:49,240 --> 00:04:53,080 Speaker 1: people would say that galaxies are the biggest thing, right, Yeah. 85 00:04:53,120 --> 00:04:55,880 Speaker 1: I actually started out asking people just what's the biggest 86 00:04:55,880 --> 00:04:58,599 Speaker 1: thing in the universe because I was thinking about you know, 87 00:04:58,800 --> 00:05:03,400 Speaker 1: organizational stuff like groups of things, solar systems, galaxies. But 88 00:05:03,440 --> 00:05:05,520 Speaker 1: the first answers I got were mostly about like, you know, 89 00:05:05,600 --> 00:05:07,760 Speaker 1: biggest stars and stuff. So then I started asking a 90 00:05:07,839 --> 00:05:10,880 Speaker 1: slightly different question, which is like, do you think the 91 00:05:10,920 --> 00:05:13,880 Speaker 1: galaxies are organized in any way or they just sort 92 00:05:13,880 --> 00:05:16,599 Speaker 1: of sprinkled evenly through the universe. So we got a 93 00:05:16,640 --> 00:05:19,120 Speaker 1: variety of answers. Yeah. So as usually went out there 94 00:05:19,240 --> 00:05:22,320 Speaker 1: into the streets of you see Irvine or the pathways 95 00:05:22,480 --> 00:05:25,479 Speaker 1: you see Irvine, and you ask people this question. The 96 00:05:25,800 --> 00:05:30,320 Speaker 1: very beautifully cultivated Orange County campus of you see Irvine, which, 97 00:05:30,360 --> 00:05:32,880 Speaker 1: by the way, if you haven't visited, really is gorgeous, 98 00:05:32,920 --> 00:05:37,360 Speaker 1: a little smart and beautiful people, right, that's right, everybody 99 00:05:37,360 --> 00:05:40,760 Speaker 1: down here is smart and beautiful. Exactly Here's what people 100 00:05:40,760 --> 00:05:43,800 Speaker 1: had to say. Um, I think it would be the song. 101 00:05:45,040 --> 00:05:48,719 Speaker 1: I think as it has like the strongest impact on 102 00:05:48,760 --> 00:05:52,279 Speaker 1: a lot of the different names, Thanks very much. I know, 103 00:05:52,320 --> 00:05:53,880 Speaker 1: I guess a lot bigger, but I don't know like 104 00:05:54,160 --> 00:06:01,680 Speaker 1: terms the galaxy that goes No, I don't guard Okay, 105 00:06:02,640 --> 00:06:04,800 Speaker 1: I don't know that. I know it's usually referred to 106 00:06:04,839 --> 00:06:08,240 Speaker 1: as like planetary neighborhoods, so that could be groupings of 107 00:06:08,360 --> 00:06:12,200 Speaker 1: multiple galaxies, but I don't know the term for it. Okay, 108 00:06:13,080 --> 00:06:16,040 Speaker 1: it's just like open space, you know, it's like our universe, 109 00:06:16,120 --> 00:06:19,320 Speaker 1: and then a larger uh I'm not sure what it's called, 110 00:06:19,360 --> 00:06:24,000 Speaker 1: but a larger area. And then there's more universes like trillions, 111 00:06:24,000 --> 00:06:27,640 Speaker 1: and you know, almost an infinite amount of like universes. Okay, 112 00:06:28,200 --> 00:06:32,800 Speaker 1: I'm not sure, all right, sees most people say the galaxies, right, 113 00:06:32,839 --> 00:06:36,800 Speaker 1: someone said the Sun was the biggest thing in the universe. Um, 114 00:06:36,839 --> 00:06:41,000 Speaker 1: you know they were probably weren't thinking very big, but Gussies, 115 00:06:41,080 --> 00:06:43,360 Speaker 1: I think most people think about right, like, there's nothing 116 00:06:43,400 --> 00:06:46,479 Speaker 1: bigger out there than a galaxy. Yeah, And you know, 117 00:06:46,520 --> 00:06:48,520 Speaker 1: I think it's interesting to compare that to sort of 118 00:06:48,600 --> 00:06:52,480 Speaker 1: historical understandings of what people thought. Remember, like a hundred 119 00:06:52,520 --> 00:06:54,400 Speaker 1: years ago, people looked out into the sky and they 120 00:06:54,440 --> 00:06:56,599 Speaker 1: saw stars, like, okay, there are stars out there, just 121 00:06:56,640 --> 00:07:00,400 Speaker 1: like there's our star. And they thought for a time 122 00:07:00,480 --> 00:07:03,400 Speaker 1: that the universe was just a bunch of stars sprinkled 123 00:07:03,400 --> 00:07:06,720 Speaker 1: through the universe, um, that there was no organization. To them, right, 124 00:07:06,760 --> 00:07:09,000 Speaker 1: that that was all there was. Basically, that the universe 125 00:07:09,080 --> 00:07:12,280 Speaker 1: was one big galaxy. So to them, a star was 126 00:07:12,320 --> 00:07:14,440 Speaker 1: the biggest thing in the universe. Yeah, a star, or 127 00:07:14,440 --> 00:07:16,760 Speaker 1: you could say a solar system, but that's really a 128 00:07:16,760 --> 00:07:19,280 Speaker 1: small difference. So to them, a star was the biggest 129 00:07:19,320 --> 00:07:21,560 Speaker 1: thing in the universe. And then about a hundred years 130 00:07:21,600 --> 00:07:24,480 Speaker 1: ago they looked at some of those really faint smears 131 00:07:24,480 --> 00:07:27,000 Speaker 1: in the sky and discover that those aren't far away stars. 132 00:07:27,000 --> 00:07:30,920 Speaker 1: They're actually far away galaxies right, whole other clusters of stars. 133 00:07:31,360 --> 00:07:34,520 Speaker 1: And that has been a mind blowing moment because they 134 00:07:34,560 --> 00:07:38,640 Speaker 1: realized one that stars do form structure, right, they turned 135 00:07:38,640 --> 00:07:41,480 Speaker 1: into galaxies, and to that there are other ones right 136 00:07:41,520 --> 00:07:44,280 Speaker 1: in the universe has lots of galaxies in it, right, 137 00:07:44,320 --> 00:07:46,360 Speaker 1: that they're not a sort of spread out evenly in 138 00:07:46,440 --> 00:07:50,880 Speaker 1: the universe. They cluster into things. Yeah, yeah, exactly, they 139 00:07:50,960 --> 00:07:54,640 Speaker 1: formed these big structures of galaxies. And so now people, 140 00:07:54,920 --> 00:07:56,560 Speaker 1: most of the folks we talked to and maybe the 141 00:07:56,560 --> 00:07:59,640 Speaker 1: people out there listening, probably imagine that the universe is 142 00:08:00,120 --> 00:08:03,000 Speaker 1: just sprinkled evenly with galaxies. Right. It's the next logical 143 00:08:03,000 --> 00:08:06,360 Speaker 1: assumption that instead of just stars sprinkled everywhere, it's just 144 00:08:06,360 --> 00:08:09,400 Speaker 1: galaxy sprinkled everywhere. So I think that's probably what people think. 145 00:08:09,440 --> 00:08:12,000 Speaker 1: They've heard of galaxies, they haven't heard of anything bigger, 146 00:08:12,040 --> 00:08:16,160 Speaker 1: so they just assume the universe is evenly sprinkled with galaxies. Right. Well, 147 00:08:16,600 --> 00:08:19,760 Speaker 1: let's think philosophically here for a second. Is a galaxy 148 00:08:19,840 --> 00:08:23,040 Speaker 1: a thing? You know, technically is just made up of stars? 149 00:08:23,280 --> 00:08:26,240 Speaker 1: What makes something a thing? What makes something a thing? Yeah? 150 00:08:26,240 --> 00:08:29,000 Speaker 1: I think there must be a lot of philosophers who 151 00:08:29,120 --> 00:08:33,479 Speaker 1: debated this, right, what is thingness? You know, it's probably 152 00:08:33,520 --> 00:08:38,400 Speaker 1: a whole like um branch of philosophy about defining objects 153 00:08:38,400 --> 00:08:40,760 Speaker 1: and all sorts of stuff, and they have seminars and 154 00:08:40,840 --> 00:08:43,400 Speaker 1: argue about it and smoke banana peels and stuff. Um. 155 00:08:43,440 --> 00:08:45,560 Speaker 1: But from the physics point of view, I think we 156 00:08:45,559 --> 00:08:47,880 Speaker 1: can answer that and say that a thing is something 157 00:08:48,320 --> 00:08:51,920 Speaker 1: that is gravitationally bound, so that it is essentially held 158 00:08:51,920 --> 00:08:55,720 Speaker 1: together by gravity. Right, it's something that holds together. I 159 00:08:55,800 --> 00:08:57,480 Speaker 1: was thinking, like that's a good definition of a thing, 160 00:08:57,559 --> 00:09:00,320 Speaker 1: like you and I were made up of lillions and 161 00:09:00,320 --> 00:09:05,000 Speaker 1: trillions of molecules and atoms um and and and there's 162 00:09:05,360 --> 00:09:07,520 Speaker 1: they're sort of spread out a lot, like there's just 163 00:09:07,559 --> 00:09:10,480 Speaker 1: a lot of space between atoms, right, and nuclei of atoms, 164 00:09:11,280 --> 00:09:14,080 Speaker 1: but generally were they were sort of held together into 165 00:09:14,080 --> 00:09:17,040 Speaker 1: this thing that that I call Rhan and for you 166 00:09:17,160 --> 00:09:19,920 Speaker 1: the thing that you call Daniel. Okay, are you talking 167 00:09:19,920 --> 00:09:22,520 Speaker 1: about us individually or us as a pair, because that's 168 00:09:22,520 --> 00:09:25,160 Speaker 1: a different question. I'm definitely a thing. You're a thing? 169 00:09:25,320 --> 00:09:28,560 Speaker 1: Are we a thing? Is that what you're asking? Are we? Daniel? 170 00:09:28,600 --> 00:09:31,600 Speaker 1: Are you? Are you asking me out? This? Is? Are 171 00:09:31,640 --> 00:09:34,720 Speaker 1: you doing this? On air? You you raised the question, 172 00:09:34,800 --> 00:09:37,200 Speaker 1: you know, like, what's the thing? Are we a thing? So? 173 00:09:37,320 --> 00:09:39,440 Speaker 1: Here we are? You know Daniel lare Hey explore their 174 00:09:39,480 --> 00:09:44,559 Speaker 1: relationship live on the tape. Well, I mean, I like you, Daniel, 175 00:09:44,559 --> 00:09:46,240 Speaker 1: but I would say that I'm a thing and you're 176 00:09:46,240 --> 00:09:50,040 Speaker 1: a thing A man. That's cold. That's just the way 177 00:09:50,080 --> 00:09:52,240 Speaker 1: the universe operates. Though. If you don't have a strong bond, 178 00:09:52,280 --> 00:09:54,319 Speaker 1: then you're not a thing. Right. Well, you know, I 179 00:09:54,360 --> 00:09:59,439 Speaker 1: think we're just talking philosophically here, right, I think philosophically 180 00:09:59,480 --> 00:10:04,000 Speaker 1: would not philosophically or even scientifically, I think a thing 181 00:10:04,120 --> 00:10:06,840 Speaker 1: is something that holds itself together. And like, is a 182 00:10:06,880 --> 00:10:09,400 Speaker 1: solar system a thing? Right? Well, yeah, the Solar system 183 00:10:09,480 --> 00:10:10,959 Speaker 1: is a thing because the Earth doesn't want to have 184 00:10:11,040 --> 00:10:13,360 Speaker 1: a different path than the Sun. Right, It goes around 185 00:10:13,400 --> 00:10:16,160 Speaker 1: the Sun. It moves together as a single object. It's 186 00:10:16,200 --> 00:10:19,960 Speaker 1: bound together gravitationally, just like maybe an electron, you know, 187 00:10:20,040 --> 00:10:23,959 Speaker 1: sort of trapped going around a nuclei of an atom. Together, 188 00:10:24,040 --> 00:10:26,840 Speaker 1: they make a thing, which is an atom. Yeah, exactly, 189 00:10:26,960 --> 00:10:29,120 Speaker 1: So you could say, like the Solar system is a thing, 190 00:10:30,040 --> 00:10:32,880 Speaker 1: and so a galaxy that's made out of a whole 191 00:10:32,880 --> 00:10:35,520 Speaker 1: bunch of solar systems you could also call it a 192 00:10:35,559 --> 00:10:38,120 Speaker 1: thing because all of those galaxies, all of those solar systems, 193 00:10:38,120 --> 00:10:42,040 Speaker 1: are being held together. M And also like you and 194 00:10:42,080 --> 00:10:45,080 Speaker 1: the Earth are a thing, right because you're held down 195 00:10:45,080 --> 00:10:47,240 Speaker 1: to the Earth and together you form an object and 196 00:10:47,280 --> 00:10:49,600 Speaker 1: you know you have the same fate as the Earth 197 00:10:49,679 --> 00:10:52,960 Speaker 1: gravitationally speaking, um, you move around the Sun together, right, 198 00:10:53,000 --> 00:10:56,520 Speaker 1: So collectively we are all a thing with the Earth, right, 199 00:10:56,559 --> 00:10:58,880 Speaker 1: And so yeah, I think that's a pretty good definition. 200 00:10:58,960 --> 00:11:00,640 Speaker 1: So when we say a thing is like when we 201 00:11:00,640 --> 00:11:02,720 Speaker 1: ask a question, what's the biggest thing in the universe. 202 00:11:02,960 --> 00:11:06,680 Speaker 1: We're kind of asking, like, what's the biggest structure or 203 00:11:06,720 --> 00:11:10,040 Speaker 1: what's the biggest thing that you can say is being 204 00:11:10,080 --> 00:11:14,319 Speaker 1: held together differently than other things in the universe. That's right, 205 00:11:14,360 --> 00:11:17,720 Speaker 1: the thing that has thingness that is also the biggest. Okay, 206 00:11:17,800 --> 00:11:21,760 Speaker 1: so that's a good thing. We got that way. Um, 207 00:11:21,800 --> 00:11:24,560 Speaker 1: I think we've thinked about thinking enough. Yes, all right, 208 00:11:24,640 --> 00:11:26,720 Speaker 1: let's get into the size of things, like the scale 209 00:11:26,720 --> 00:11:29,320 Speaker 1: of us and the Earth and the solar system. But 210 00:11:29,440 --> 00:11:44,680 Speaker 1: first let's take a quick break. All right, we're talking 211 00:11:44,720 --> 00:11:46,920 Speaker 1: about the bigness of things and how what's the biggest 212 00:11:46,920 --> 00:11:50,640 Speaker 1: thing in the universe? And let's start. Let's start talking 213 00:11:50,679 --> 00:11:53,480 Speaker 1: about the size of things. Let's start here on Earth, 214 00:11:53,679 --> 00:11:55,640 Speaker 1: Like how big is earth? Daniel? You know, how big 215 00:11:55,640 --> 00:11:59,440 Speaker 1: are you? How big? I'm a I'm a big you 216 00:11:59,440 --> 00:12:05,880 Speaker 1: mean like like my largeness or larget no for scale? 217 00:12:05,920 --> 00:12:09,800 Speaker 1: You know, like, um, how many kilometers tall are you? Orhand? 218 00:12:09,880 --> 00:12:16,360 Speaker 1: Oh how many kilometers? Oh boy, I am about uh folks, 219 00:12:16,440 --> 00:12:20,360 Speaker 1: you're hearing him, do math point? Oh oh one eight 220 00:12:20,800 --> 00:12:26,280 Speaker 1: kilometers tall? All right, that's not a lot of kilometers. 221 00:12:26,320 --> 00:12:28,240 Speaker 1: I mean, you're you're a tall guy. It turns out, 222 00:12:28,280 --> 00:12:30,679 Speaker 1: but that's actually not a lot of kilometers right in comparison, 223 00:12:30,880 --> 00:12:35,199 Speaker 1: like the Earth, right is thousands of kilometers in width, 224 00:12:35,800 --> 00:12:40,839 Speaker 1: it's about eight thousand miles in diameter. Yeah, that's right, 225 00:12:40,960 --> 00:12:43,360 Speaker 1: which would make it about you know, like fourteen thousand 226 00:12:43,440 --> 00:12:46,440 Speaker 1: kilometers in diameter. So compared to the Earth, you're just 227 00:12:46,480 --> 00:12:50,440 Speaker 1: like mote, You're like irrelevant. Jude's like negligible, right, which 228 00:12:50,480 --> 00:12:52,840 Speaker 1: is incredible. Right, We're like a little speck of dust 229 00:12:53,000 --> 00:12:56,440 Speaker 1: next to next to the Earth, which makes me wonder sometimes, 230 00:12:56,480 --> 00:12:59,520 Speaker 1: like what's the minimum size for a planet that could 231 00:12:59,559 --> 00:13:03,000 Speaker 1: hold life? Right? Is it necessary? Because you know that 232 00:13:03,000 --> 00:13:05,640 Speaker 1: book The Little Prince where the guy is this little 233 00:13:05,640 --> 00:13:07,720 Speaker 1: guy and he's like on a tiny asteroid, And I 234 00:13:07,760 --> 00:13:09,680 Speaker 1: love that because I think it would be really fun 235 00:13:09,760 --> 00:13:12,920 Speaker 1: to be alive on a really small astronomical object where 236 00:13:12,920 --> 00:13:15,520 Speaker 1: you could like run laps around it or something, right 237 00:13:16,080 --> 00:13:18,120 Speaker 1: when you float off at some point of view, were 238 00:13:18,160 --> 00:13:21,280 Speaker 1: that much bigger, Yeah, your planet exactly. It's you need 239 00:13:21,400 --> 00:13:23,880 Speaker 1: enough gravity not just for you to stay bound to it, 240 00:13:23,920 --> 00:13:26,280 Speaker 1: but also to like have an atmosphere if you're not. 241 00:13:26,360 --> 00:13:28,560 Speaker 1: If your planet isn't big enough, it can't hold onto 242 00:13:28,640 --> 00:13:31,120 Speaker 1: gas on its surface, so you can't breathe. So there 243 00:13:31,120 --> 00:13:33,400 Speaker 1: really is some sort of minimum size for a planet 244 00:13:33,440 --> 00:13:36,600 Speaker 1: like Mars is probably too small, and you know, it 245 00:13:36,679 --> 00:13:39,160 Speaker 1: lost its atmosphere for life as we know it. I mean, 246 00:13:39,160 --> 00:13:42,200 Speaker 1: there could potentially be something out there that can live 247 00:13:42,240 --> 00:13:44,880 Speaker 1: without an atmosphere, right, yeah, right, you can have an 248 00:13:44,920 --> 00:13:48,280 Speaker 1: asteroid which is alive inside of it, like the organization 249 00:13:48,360 --> 00:13:51,400 Speaker 1: of the flows of lava, you know, hot rock inside 250 00:13:51,440 --> 00:13:54,440 Speaker 1: some some object could be alive, certainly. But yeah, life 251 00:13:54,440 --> 00:13:56,760 Speaker 1: as we know you know that lives and breathes and 252 00:13:56,920 --> 00:14:00,240 Speaker 1: uses water, liquid water and stuff like that. Probably none 253 00:14:00,280 --> 00:14:02,280 Speaker 1: of those things evolved on a planet that we're much 254 00:14:02,280 --> 00:14:09,200 Speaker 1: smaller than Earth, right, So the Earth is pretty big. 255 00:14:09,520 --> 00:14:12,360 Speaker 1: So then what's the next biggest thing in our Solar system? Well, 256 00:14:12,360 --> 00:14:14,679 Speaker 1: if you want to scale up the planets, Jupiter is 257 00:14:14,720 --> 00:14:18,720 Speaker 1: about ten times the radius of the Earth, right, which 258 00:14:18,800 --> 00:14:20,840 Speaker 1: is huge And you might think only ten times, but 259 00:14:20,920 --> 00:14:25,240 Speaker 1: remember that volume goes as radius cubed, right, So if 260 00:14:25,280 --> 00:14:29,480 Speaker 1: you're ten times the radius, then you're you know, a 261 00:14:29,600 --> 00:14:32,040 Speaker 1: thousand times the volume, which means you could fit a 262 00:14:32,120 --> 00:14:37,000 Speaker 1: thousand earths inside Jupiter, which makes Earth like tiny. We're 263 00:14:37,080 --> 00:14:39,840 Speaker 1: one one thousands of the size of Jupiter. Yeah, we're 264 00:14:39,880 --> 00:14:43,160 Speaker 1: like a rounding error for Jupiter. Right, It's really it's 265 00:14:43,200 --> 00:14:45,760 Speaker 1: incredible how small we are compared to Jupiter, Like we 266 00:14:45,880 --> 00:14:49,520 Speaker 1: make a good mood to Jupiter. Exactly. I should look 267 00:14:49,560 --> 00:14:51,560 Speaker 1: that up. But there might even be moons of Jupiter 268 00:14:51,640 --> 00:14:54,080 Speaker 1: that are comparable to the size of Earth. It's amazing. 269 00:14:54,320 --> 00:14:57,400 Speaker 1: So this is where it's a math. So, um, I 270 00:14:57,480 --> 00:15:00,400 Speaker 1: calculated that the size of the Earth is, as you said, 271 00:15:00,440 --> 00:15:04,440 Speaker 1: about four kilometers and radios. You just said it's four 272 00:15:04,480 --> 00:15:11,160 Speaker 1: kilometers and radio. Sorry, what's the factor of a thousand 273 00:15:11,160 --> 00:15:16,280 Speaker 1: between friends? Watch people Jorges doing math? That's right, don't 274 00:15:16,280 --> 00:15:20,400 Speaker 1: trust the cartoon is to do math. Four thousand miles sorry, 275 00:15:20,400 --> 00:15:22,720 Speaker 1: four thousand miles. So, but but if the Earth was 276 00:15:22,800 --> 00:15:25,480 Speaker 1: the size of a pinhead, like it was the size 277 00:15:25,480 --> 00:15:28,680 Speaker 1: of the pin the head in a pin, that means 278 00:15:28,720 --> 00:15:32,400 Speaker 1: Jupiter would be about the size of a marble. Wow. 279 00:15:32,480 --> 00:15:35,440 Speaker 1: So if Earth really was a spec Jupiter would still 280 00:15:35,480 --> 00:15:39,800 Speaker 1: be pretty substantial. Yeah. And by that scale, the Sun, 281 00:15:40,240 --> 00:15:44,720 Speaker 1: which is about four thousand miles in radios, would be 282 00:15:44,760 --> 00:15:48,000 Speaker 1: about the size of a cantaloup. Wow. I think it's 283 00:15:48,000 --> 00:15:50,920 Speaker 1: really pretty interesting that the Earth is one tenth the 284 00:15:51,000 --> 00:15:54,040 Speaker 1: radius of Jupiter, which is one tenth the radius of 285 00:15:54,120 --> 00:15:57,320 Speaker 1: the Sun. Right right, It's like powers of ten right 286 00:15:57,360 --> 00:16:00,560 Speaker 1: all here in our solar system, each one dwarf the next, 287 00:16:00,640 --> 00:16:03,840 Speaker 1: you know, like that we are the size that the 288 00:16:03,920 --> 00:16:05,840 Speaker 1: Earth to Jupiter ratio is about the same as the 289 00:16:05,920 --> 00:16:09,640 Speaker 1: Jupiter sun ratio. Right. The Sun dwarfs Jupiter exactly the 290 00:16:09,640 --> 00:16:12,320 Speaker 1: way Jupiter dwarfs us. Like if Jupiter was a bully 291 00:16:12,520 --> 00:16:15,000 Speaker 1: pushing us around the playground, and then the Sun just 292 00:16:15,480 --> 00:16:17,960 Speaker 1: like trots up, like hey, pick on someone your own size, 293 00:16:18,120 --> 00:16:21,160 Speaker 1: you know. Yeah, like you could fit a thousand earth 294 00:16:21,200 --> 00:16:23,360 Speaker 1: inside of Jupiter, and you could fit a thousand jupiters 295 00:16:23,360 --> 00:16:25,840 Speaker 1: inside the Sun. Yeah. When do some math, that means 296 00:16:25,840 --> 00:16:30,000 Speaker 1: you could fit a million earths inside the Sun, right Yeah, 297 00:16:30,320 --> 00:16:32,600 Speaker 1: Like we could plunge into the Sun and it wouldn't 298 00:16:32,640 --> 00:16:35,360 Speaker 1: even notice. It would be like a little like a 299 00:16:35,400 --> 00:16:40,360 Speaker 1: mosquito bite exactly exactly, like a millionth of you. Let's like, 300 00:16:40,520 --> 00:16:42,720 Speaker 1: you know, every time you blow your nose, you lose 301 00:16:42,760 --> 00:16:45,320 Speaker 1: a millionth of your mass, right, so we're like we're 302 00:16:45,360 --> 00:16:48,520 Speaker 1: like a little bit of snot compared to the Sun. Right. Yeah, Okay, 303 00:16:48,520 --> 00:16:50,560 Speaker 1: so then if we keep going, if the Earth is 304 00:16:50,600 --> 00:16:53,880 Speaker 1: a pinhead, and jupiters are marble, and the sun is 305 00:16:53,920 --> 00:16:57,960 Speaker 1: a cantaloupe. Okay, so the right scale would be, uh, 306 00:16:58,080 --> 00:16:59,920 Speaker 1: if you if you hold the pin it in your hand, 307 00:17:00,720 --> 00:17:03,320 Speaker 1: the sun would be which is a cantalope. You would 308 00:17:03,360 --> 00:17:07,000 Speaker 1: have to put it about a hundred feet away. Yeah, yeah, 309 00:17:07,040 --> 00:17:09,359 Speaker 1: because not only are these is the sound really big, 310 00:17:09,359 --> 00:17:12,919 Speaker 1: but it's really far away, right, Yeah, Like imagine like 311 00:17:13,040 --> 00:17:15,680 Speaker 1: holding a pinhead than walking a hundred feet and sending 312 00:17:15,720 --> 00:17:18,120 Speaker 1: down a cantalope. That's how far the sun is. Yeah, 313 00:17:18,240 --> 00:17:20,200 Speaker 1: all these things, these we think, these things we think 314 00:17:20,240 --> 00:17:24,400 Speaker 1: are huge, are dwarfed by just the sheer emptiness of space. Right, 315 00:17:24,440 --> 00:17:27,760 Speaker 1: Like take the Earth to Sun relationship, Like most of 316 00:17:27,760 --> 00:17:31,399 Speaker 1: that volume is just nothing, right, Yeah, it's incredible, and 317 00:17:31,480 --> 00:17:33,879 Speaker 1: it kind of shows you how powerful gravity is at 318 00:17:33,920 --> 00:17:36,680 Speaker 1: those skills, right, Like, we go around the Sun. That's 319 00:17:36,720 --> 00:17:39,920 Speaker 1: our life, that's how we exist, that's what makes our 320 00:17:39,920 --> 00:17:43,440 Speaker 1: existence possible. And yet it's like it's a pinted revolving 321 00:17:43,440 --> 00:17:47,320 Speaker 1: around a cantalope a hundred feet away. That's right. Well, 322 00:17:47,359 --> 00:17:49,359 Speaker 1: we're glad we're not any closer, right, or we'd be 323 00:17:49,400 --> 00:17:54,840 Speaker 1: a pretty toasty pad. Yeah, exactly, um. And then all 324 00:17:54,840 --> 00:17:58,000 Speaker 1: of this, of course, is just dwarfed by the galaxy. Right, 325 00:17:58,240 --> 00:18:00,280 Speaker 1: if you look at the galaxy, you can't even find Sun. 326 00:18:00,560 --> 00:18:03,879 Speaker 1: It's just a tiny thought. How big is the milk Way? Daniel? 327 00:18:04,000 --> 00:18:06,600 Speaker 1: The Milky Way is hard to even describe in these units. Right, 328 00:18:06,600 --> 00:18:09,240 Speaker 1: we've been talking about miles, and the Earth is thousands 329 00:18:09,240 --> 00:18:11,840 Speaker 1: of miles and the Sun's radius is hundreds of thousands 330 00:18:11,840 --> 00:18:16,000 Speaker 1: of miles. Right, the milky Way is fifty thou light 331 00:18:16,119 --> 00:18:20,760 Speaker 1: gears across. Right, it takes light fifty thousand years to 332 00:18:20,800 --> 00:18:23,480 Speaker 1: cross the Milky Way. If you convert that to miles, 333 00:18:24,040 --> 00:18:28,720 Speaker 1: it's three times ten to the seventeen miles, So three 334 00:18:28,800 --> 00:18:33,000 Speaker 1: and then seventeen zeros. Right, Actually looked up the scientific 335 00:18:33,040 --> 00:18:36,040 Speaker 1: prefix for that, because I don't even know. And the 336 00:18:36,119 --> 00:18:38,920 Speaker 1: Milky Way is one third of an x a mile 337 00:18:39,440 --> 00:18:41,720 Speaker 1: X a mile x a mile. Isn't that pretty cool? 338 00:18:41,840 --> 00:18:46,600 Speaker 1: Like a medical condition? I have X mile. I'm so 339 00:18:46,640 --> 00:18:48,600 Speaker 1: sorry to hear that. You should get that cream they 340 00:18:48,640 --> 00:18:57,560 Speaker 1: have for it. So I did the math on this 341 00:18:57,600 --> 00:19:00,119 Speaker 1: one too, Okay, So the Earth is a pinhead and 342 00:19:00,160 --> 00:19:02,399 Speaker 1: the Sun is a kind of a hunted feet away. 343 00:19:02,640 --> 00:19:06,840 Speaker 1: The galaxy is the size of our Solar system. WHOA, 344 00:19:07,400 --> 00:19:09,080 Speaker 1: I thought you were going to say, like a blue 345 00:19:09,080 --> 00:19:12,560 Speaker 1: whale or like some other like really delicious food or something. 346 00:19:12,640 --> 00:19:15,680 Speaker 1: But the Solar system, that's pretty incredible. Yeah, yeah, it's 347 00:19:15,680 --> 00:19:17,880 Speaker 1: about Yeah, it would be about one point when eight 348 00:19:18,000 --> 00:19:22,399 Speaker 1: times since the winters. Yeah, that's how big the galaxy is. 349 00:19:22,560 --> 00:19:25,120 Speaker 1: So imagine like a pinhead and a kind of loop 350 00:19:25,440 --> 00:19:27,760 Speaker 1: in our Solar system. That's how big the galaxy is, 351 00:19:27,840 --> 00:19:31,879 Speaker 1: and we are like a tiny thing on that pinhead. Yeah. So, 352 00:19:31,920 --> 00:19:34,200 Speaker 1: as we were saying, it just gets dwarfed, right, And 353 00:19:34,720 --> 00:19:36,560 Speaker 1: some of you guys out there might be wondering, like, well, 354 00:19:36,600 --> 00:19:38,960 Speaker 1: are these things typical, Like are the planets in our 355 00:19:38,960 --> 00:19:42,320 Speaker 1: Solar system typically the size you find in planets there's 356 00:19:42,359 --> 00:19:45,000 Speaker 1: our sun normal is the milky way, like an average 357 00:19:45,240 --> 00:19:48,080 Speaker 1: kind of a galaxy. Um. So we did a big 358 00:19:48,160 --> 00:19:51,840 Speaker 1: digging bit of digging there and it turns out that 359 00:19:51,880 --> 00:19:55,000 Speaker 1: the biggest planet that they found in any solar system 360 00:19:55,040 --> 00:19:58,520 Speaker 1: anywhere is about ten times the size of Jupiter. Right, 361 00:19:58,520 --> 00:20:02,360 Speaker 1: So there's a planet out there there that's huge, that's 362 00:20:02,400 --> 00:20:04,720 Speaker 1: almost the size of the Sun. Almost the size of 363 00:20:04,760 --> 00:20:07,760 Speaker 1: the Sun. Yeah. Um, so that's like a big planet. 364 00:20:07,760 --> 00:20:10,600 Speaker 1: That's like a planet that's almost the Sun and of itself. Right, 365 00:20:10,840 --> 00:20:13,680 Speaker 1: it's like literally a million times bigger than the earths 366 00:20:13,960 --> 00:20:17,240 Speaker 1: around in that order of magnitude when that has a 367 00:20:17,240 --> 00:20:21,480 Speaker 1: big honking planet, and stars also get really big. Um, 368 00:20:21,520 --> 00:20:24,400 Speaker 1: and stars change also in size in their lifetime, right, 369 00:20:24,440 --> 00:20:27,080 Speaker 1: Like our Sun is going to get bigger as it 370 00:20:27,080 --> 00:20:29,800 Speaker 1: gets older. It's gonna burn and then the outer layers 371 00:20:29,800 --> 00:20:32,040 Speaker 1: are going to get cooler and they're gonna expand. And 372 00:20:32,080 --> 00:20:33,600 Speaker 1: we did a whole episode on how the Sun is 373 00:20:33,640 --> 00:20:36,360 Speaker 1: going to die. Um. But there are stars out there 374 00:20:36,440 --> 00:20:39,440 Speaker 1: right now that are like a thousand or two thousand 375 00:20:39,480 --> 00:20:42,959 Speaker 1: times as big as our Sun. Yeah, it's huge. If 376 00:20:42,960 --> 00:20:44,840 Speaker 1: you had that in our solar system, it would like 377 00:20:45,240 --> 00:20:48,400 Speaker 1: enveloped Saturn, you know, like it would be no room 378 00:20:48,440 --> 00:20:51,320 Speaker 1: for for planet inter planets at all. Only be pretty crazy. 379 00:20:51,359 --> 00:20:54,240 Speaker 1: So we will be inside the Sun, yeah exactly, We'll 380 00:20:54,280 --> 00:20:55,840 Speaker 1: be inside the Sun, and we will be in a 381 00:20:55,840 --> 00:20:58,719 Speaker 1: few billion years our Sun will also get huge and 382 00:20:58,800 --> 00:21:02,919 Speaker 1: envelop the Earth. Right. Oh, great, stock up on that 383 00:21:03,480 --> 00:21:09,160 Speaker 1: fun block hand or rock gets to the other planets. Um. 384 00:21:09,200 --> 00:21:11,800 Speaker 1: But there's one other thing that the galaxies are not 385 00:21:11,960 --> 00:21:15,280 Speaker 1: just stars with planets around them, right, there's other stuff 386 00:21:15,760 --> 00:21:18,600 Speaker 1: and there's the stuff that makes the stars. Right, there's 387 00:21:18,600 --> 00:21:21,720 Speaker 1: these huge clouds of gas and dust which are like 388 00:21:21,760 --> 00:21:24,719 Speaker 1: the leftovers from blown up solar systems and blown up 389 00:21:24,760 --> 00:21:28,040 Speaker 1: stars that eventually coalesced to make these stellar nurseries where 390 00:21:28,040 --> 00:21:30,720 Speaker 1: new stars are formed. And those things are really big. 391 00:21:31,840 --> 00:21:34,119 Speaker 1: How big are they? They can be like a thousand 392 00:21:34,240 --> 00:21:37,960 Speaker 1: to two thousand light years across, right, So that's much 393 00:21:38,080 --> 00:21:39,919 Speaker 1: much bigger than any individual star. I mean, this is 394 00:21:39,920 --> 00:21:43,000 Speaker 1: where stars are born. Right, there's like fields of stars 395 00:21:43,080 --> 00:21:46,240 Speaker 1: being created in these things. But still they're small compared 396 00:21:46,280 --> 00:21:48,000 Speaker 1: to the Milky Way. Right, the Milky Way was like 397 00:21:48,320 --> 00:21:52,679 Speaker 1: fifty three thousand light years across. The biggest nebula or 398 00:21:52,680 --> 00:21:55,800 Speaker 1: gas cloud we've seen is like two thousand light years across. 399 00:21:55,840 --> 00:21:58,240 Speaker 1: So so far the galaxy is the biggest thing. But 400 00:21:58,280 --> 00:22:01,119 Speaker 1: it's interesting to think that there are objects kind of 401 00:22:01,280 --> 00:22:04,639 Speaker 1: in the scale of things between our Sun and the 402 00:22:04,680 --> 00:22:07,480 Speaker 1: milk Away Galaxy. I mean, there's bigger stars, bigger planets, 403 00:22:07,640 --> 00:22:10,320 Speaker 1: and these clouds of gas that you meet that you 404 00:22:10,480 --> 00:22:13,800 Speaker 1: talked about, Yeah, And the wonderful thing about these clouds 405 00:22:13,880 --> 00:22:17,080 Speaker 1: is that they look like something that's dynamic, but it's 406 00:22:17,119 --> 00:22:19,800 Speaker 1: frozen in time, right, It's like, you know, if you 407 00:22:19,880 --> 00:22:22,679 Speaker 1: see a picture of a steam engine and these puffs 408 00:22:22,680 --> 00:22:24,880 Speaker 1: of clouds coming up from it, right, it's frozen in time, 409 00:22:24,880 --> 00:22:27,359 Speaker 1: but you can tell that there's motion there, right, that 410 00:22:27,480 --> 00:22:30,119 Speaker 1: it's like in the middle of chugging and puffing and 411 00:22:30,280 --> 00:22:34,480 Speaker 1: boiling and churning. Right, these clouds look the same way, 412 00:22:34,560 --> 00:22:37,760 Speaker 1: and they are boiling and churning, but just on very 413 00:22:37,800 --> 00:22:40,240 Speaker 1: different time scales. You have to do like a crazy 414 00:22:40,320 --> 00:22:43,399 Speaker 1: time lapse, like watch it for a billion years to 415 00:22:43,480 --> 00:22:46,439 Speaker 1: see it roiling and toiling and bubbling and all that stuff. 416 00:22:46,440 --> 00:22:48,879 Speaker 1: But it is, it's just that on our time scales, 417 00:22:49,000 --> 00:22:51,439 Speaker 1: it hardly seems to be moving and and and in 418 00:22:51,520 --> 00:22:55,480 Speaker 1: that distance scale because it's a thousand light years across, yeah, exactly. 419 00:22:55,920 --> 00:22:58,760 Speaker 1: So it's it really makes you feel insignificant, and it's 420 00:22:58,760 --> 00:23:02,879 Speaker 1: really impressive, like how dynamic the universe is. It's just 421 00:23:03,000 --> 00:23:06,760 Speaker 1: under a huge distance scales and huge time scales. Right. 422 00:23:07,320 --> 00:23:09,919 Speaker 1: It's like if there was a whole civilization that was 423 00:23:10,040 --> 00:23:12,879 Speaker 1: birthed and then died in the middle of one puff 424 00:23:12,920 --> 00:23:15,760 Speaker 1: of that steam engine, right, and it for it. The 425 00:23:16,160 --> 00:23:19,920 Speaker 1: steam cloud was frozen, right, it was hardly moving, you know. Um, 426 00:23:19,960 --> 00:23:21,800 Speaker 1: And so that's the way we are with this tiny 427 00:23:21,880 --> 00:23:26,360 Speaker 1: dot suspended in the sunbeam around, surrounded by all this crazy, 428 00:23:26,680 --> 00:23:30,560 Speaker 1: very slow action. Yeah, and there are stars being born 429 00:23:30,600 --> 00:23:35,720 Speaker 1: inside of that like popcorn. Yeah, exactly, exactly, new stars 430 00:23:35,760 --> 00:23:39,800 Speaker 1: still being born, exactly. Okay, let's let's um. Let's keep 431 00:23:39,840 --> 00:23:41,960 Speaker 1: going and see what the biggest thing in the universe is. 432 00:23:42,160 --> 00:23:58,439 Speaker 1: But first let's take another break. All right, we're building 433 00:23:58,440 --> 00:24:00,920 Speaker 1: our way up to the biggest thing in the universe, 434 00:24:01,200 --> 00:24:03,680 Speaker 1: and so far we've got We've gone from the Earth 435 00:24:03,760 --> 00:24:07,600 Speaker 1: to the Solar System, to gas clouds to the Milky 436 00:24:07,600 --> 00:24:10,640 Speaker 1: Way galaxy and so a lot of are the people 437 00:24:10,680 --> 00:24:12,880 Speaker 1: you talked to on the street thought that galaxies were 438 00:24:12,920 --> 00:24:16,520 Speaker 1: the biggest things in the universe. But that's not actually true. 439 00:24:16,760 --> 00:24:19,240 Speaker 1: That's right, and they're pretty big, right, And our galaxy 440 00:24:19,480 --> 00:24:22,960 Speaker 1: is we said, fifty light years across, and some galaxies 441 00:24:23,000 --> 00:24:25,240 Speaker 1: get pretty big to get up to like millions of 442 00:24:25,359 --> 00:24:29,200 Speaker 1: light years across, right, Aliens, Galaxies can come all different sizes. Yeah, 443 00:24:29,320 --> 00:24:31,600 Speaker 1: it would take you millions of years, going at the 444 00:24:31,640 --> 00:24:33,840 Speaker 1: speed of light just to go from one side of 445 00:24:33,880 --> 00:24:36,040 Speaker 1: that galaxy to the next. Yeah. So if you like 446 00:24:36,200 --> 00:24:38,480 Speaker 1: forgot your lunch at home and you work on the 447 00:24:38,480 --> 00:24:40,680 Speaker 1: other side of the galaxy. You like, forget it, man, 448 00:24:41,600 --> 00:24:45,320 Speaker 1: that's a ten million um a year round trip. Forget it. 449 00:24:45,840 --> 00:24:49,480 Speaker 1: That's right. The commune is terrible and that's you know, 450 00:24:49,560 --> 00:24:51,840 Speaker 1: and that's when there's no traffic. When there's traffic, forget 451 00:24:51,920 --> 00:24:55,800 Speaker 1: about it, man. Yeah. Um. But so a lot of 452 00:24:55,800 --> 00:24:58,520 Speaker 1: people thought that galaxies are just sprinkled everywhere through the universe. 453 00:24:58,560 --> 00:25:00,919 Speaker 1: But you know, galaxies have been around for while, and 454 00:25:00,960 --> 00:25:03,639 Speaker 1: so what's going to happen when you have stuff hanging 455 00:25:03,640 --> 00:25:05,760 Speaker 1: out for a while is that gravity is going to 456 00:25:05,840 --> 00:25:09,119 Speaker 1: start to pull it together. Right. It's not some perfectly 457 00:25:09,200 --> 00:25:12,480 Speaker 1: smooth there's slight differences and there's a little bit more 458 00:25:12,520 --> 00:25:14,440 Speaker 1: mass here, a little bit more mass there, and so 459 00:25:14,800 --> 00:25:17,840 Speaker 1: over billions of years, galaxy will start to pull stuff together. 460 00:25:18,320 --> 00:25:20,560 Speaker 1: And that's exactly what happened. They started to kind of 461 00:25:20,600 --> 00:25:24,400 Speaker 1: self organize, yeah, or as you would say, form a thing. Right. 462 00:25:25,000 --> 00:25:27,320 Speaker 1: And so the next level up from galaxies that we 463 00:25:27,400 --> 00:25:30,439 Speaker 1: found that galaxies are organized into these things we're not 464 00:25:30,600 --> 00:25:35,320 Speaker 1: very cleverly called clusters, right, So galaxy clusters like nut clusters, 465 00:25:35,560 --> 00:25:39,879 Speaker 1: like yeah, I think, um, I think again, you should 466 00:25:39,880 --> 00:25:41,520 Speaker 1: have had a snack before we had this, before we 467 00:25:41,520 --> 00:25:46,840 Speaker 1: recorded this episode. A galaxy, a galaxy cluster usually contains 468 00:25:46,880 --> 00:25:50,800 Speaker 1: about fifty galaxies and it's like five or ten million 469 00:25:50,920 --> 00:25:53,760 Speaker 1: light years across, and they can remember a galaxy itself 470 00:25:53,880 --> 00:25:55,919 Speaker 1: is like, you know, fifty or a hundred thousand light 471 00:25:56,000 --> 00:25:59,359 Speaker 1: years across. So this is much bigger than one. Galaxies 472 00:25:59,520 --> 00:26:03,280 Speaker 1: has fifty galaxies which are themselves pretty far apart. But 473 00:26:03,359 --> 00:26:05,800 Speaker 1: they are organized, right, They're not just like it's not 474 00:26:05,840 --> 00:26:09,760 Speaker 1: an arbitrary assignment. They're they're orbiting each other. It's like 475 00:26:09,920 --> 00:26:13,959 Speaker 1: a separate group of galaxies that interacting and kind of 476 00:26:13,960 --> 00:26:17,359 Speaker 1: holding together, separate from other groups of galaxies. That's right. 477 00:26:17,400 --> 00:26:20,680 Speaker 1: They're all orbiting the center of mass of this cluster, right, 478 00:26:20,720 --> 00:26:23,720 Speaker 1: the same way everything the Solar System is organized is 479 00:26:23,960 --> 00:26:26,320 Speaker 1: orbiting the center of mass or the Solar system, which 480 00:26:26,320 --> 00:26:28,560 Speaker 1: happens to be the Sun, and everything in the galaxy 481 00:26:28,640 --> 00:26:31,119 Speaker 1: is orbiting the center of the galaxy. Everything in this 482 00:26:31,280 --> 00:26:34,760 Speaker 1: cluster of galaxies is orbiting the center, which doesn't necessarily 483 00:26:34,760 --> 00:26:38,040 Speaker 1: have anything in it at this point, right. So that's 484 00:26:38,040 --> 00:26:41,120 Speaker 1: a that's the next biggest thing or is a cluster 485 00:26:41,280 --> 00:26:44,000 Speaker 1: of galaxy. It's like a structure. It's like a like 486 00:26:44,040 --> 00:26:46,439 Speaker 1: if you zoom out far enough, it would look like 487 00:26:46,480 --> 00:26:48,960 Speaker 1: a thing would look like a yeah, exactly, like a 488 00:26:49,040 --> 00:26:52,159 Speaker 1: blob exactly. And they're separated from other clusters. Right. The 489 00:26:52,200 --> 00:26:55,000 Speaker 1: distances between things and the cluster is small compared to 490 00:26:55,040 --> 00:26:58,600 Speaker 1: the distances between the clusters. The same way the distances 491 00:26:58,680 --> 00:27:01,399 Speaker 1: between the planet's a small compared to the distances between 492 00:27:01,400 --> 00:27:04,240 Speaker 1: solar systems. Right, it's like chocolate chips floating in a 493 00:27:04,760 --> 00:27:10,400 Speaker 1: cookie dough. Tasty. This is a tasty galaxy reliving in um. 494 00:27:10,480 --> 00:27:13,760 Speaker 1: And then you keep going and the clusters themselves are 495 00:27:13,840 --> 00:27:17,320 Speaker 1: organized into basically clusters of clusters. Okay, so the cluster 496 00:27:17,400 --> 00:27:19,920 Speaker 1: is not the biggest thing. So okay, So if galaxies 497 00:27:19,920 --> 00:27:22,280 Speaker 1: have been sprinkled out evenly, you would say galaxies are 498 00:27:22,280 --> 00:27:23,880 Speaker 1: the biggest thing in the universe. But they're not. They're 499 00:27:23,960 --> 00:27:28,040 Speaker 1: organized the clusters. And if those clusters have been spread 500 00:27:28,040 --> 00:27:29,920 Speaker 1: out evenly, you would say that the cluster is the 501 00:27:29,920 --> 00:27:33,000 Speaker 1: biggest thing in the universe. But there there's another structor 502 00:27:33,200 --> 00:27:35,840 Speaker 1: above clusters, that's right. And you know, this is just 503 00:27:36,080 --> 00:27:39,320 Speaker 1: things that people discovered as they looked out into the universe, 504 00:27:39,720 --> 00:27:41,840 Speaker 1: and they did sort of the three D mapping, Right, 505 00:27:41,840 --> 00:27:44,200 Speaker 1: they're trying to understand like where is stuff around us? 506 00:27:44,359 --> 00:27:46,480 Speaker 1: And how is it organized? And as we get better 507 00:27:46,480 --> 00:27:49,280 Speaker 1: and better at measuring distance scales and better telescopes, we 508 00:27:49,280 --> 00:27:50,960 Speaker 1: can see further out. We can build this sort of 509 00:27:51,240 --> 00:27:53,600 Speaker 1: three D map around us. And then we noticed these 510 00:27:53,720 --> 00:27:56,959 Speaker 1: these patterns. We noticed that things aren't just distributed, and 511 00:27:57,000 --> 00:28:00,840 Speaker 1: so the clusters themselves are organized into clusters of clusters, 512 00:28:00,840 --> 00:28:04,000 Speaker 1: which we call superclusters. And I feel like these objects 513 00:28:04,080 --> 00:28:06,080 Speaker 1: got like kind of a bad rap, you know, because 514 00:28:06,480 --> 00:28:08,760 Speaker 1: cluster is not a very creative name. I mean, the 515 00:28:08,840 --> 00:28:11,840 Speaker 1: galaxy is not just called like a star cluster, right, 516 00:28:11,840 --> 00:28:14,800 Speaker 1: It's got its own cool name galaxy. Right, But nobody 517 00:28:14,960 --> 00:28:19,000 Speaker 1: named nobody named the cluster of galaxies other than cluster 518 00:28:19,080 --> 00:28:23,040 Speaker 1: of galaxies, And and somebody named it's superior, a supercluster, 519 00:28:23,160 --> 00:28:26,040 Speaker 1: which means the cluster is like not super. It's like 520 00:28:26,080 --> 00:28:32,440 Speaker 1: saying this is Daniel is super Daniels. Imagine how I'm 521 00:28:32,480 --> 00:28:34,640 Speaker 1: not super. I think you're saying I'm not super. I'm 522 00:28:34,640 --> 00:28:40,080 Speaker 1: getting a lot of objection super Daniel. Daniel, there's another Daniel. 523 00:28:40,160 --> 00:28:41,960 Speaker 1: I gotta go find the sub Daniel and make me 524 00:28:42,000 --> 00:28:48,400 Speaker 1: feel small exactly the under Daniel. What I need really 525 00:28:48,480 --> 00:28:50,360 Speaker 1: is a cluster of Daniels. You know that would be 526 00:28:50,360 --> 00:28:54,320 Speaker 1: pretty awesome. What is the biggest daniel in the universe? 527 00:28:54,400 --> 00:28:59,040 Speaker 1: That's really the cluster today's podcast. Well, let's come up 528 00:28:59,080 --> 00:29:03,080 Speaker 1: with the name. Let's you and I Christen clusters of galaxies. 529 00:29:03,320 --> 00:29:07,160 Speaker 1: Let's do it. Okay, Well, you're the creative one, go ahead. UM, 530 00:29:07,520 --> 00:29:14,920 Speaker 1: I don't know. Um, banana of galaxies, banaxisnaxies, it's a 531 00:29:14,920 --> 00:29:19,160 Speaker 1: banaxis of galaxies. That's baxis of galaxies. That that really 532 00:29:19,280 --> 00:29:24,120 Speaker 1: rolls off the tongue. That's beautiful. And some multi some 533 00:29:24,160 --> 00:29:26,720 Speaker 1: alternate version of the multiversity. Were definitely a poet. Well, 534 00:29:27,320 --> 00:29:31,240 Speaker 1: I'm technically the first person, and if there any scientists 535 00:29:31,240 --> 00:29:34,320 Speaker 1: out there, you technically have to quote me. Now, when 536 00:29:34,320 --> 00:29:38,400 Speaker 1: you refer to these, you should, um, you shouldn't just 537 00:29:38,480 --> 00:29:40,520 Speaker 1: reach for the snack that's on your table. You should 538 00:29:40,520 --> 00:29:42,600 Speaker 1: go deeper. You should think about, like, you know, Greek 539 00:29:42,640 --> 00:29:46,640 Speaker 1: mythology or some sort of you know, historical event or 540 00:29:46,680 --> 00:29:48,760 Speaker 1: something to motivate you're like, I think they had bananas 541 00:29:48,760 --> 00:29:50,760 Speaker 1: in Greece. Come on, how about the union. Let's give 542 00:29:50,760 --> 00:29:52,560 Speaker 1: it a political name, or let's call them the Union 543 00:29:52,600 --> 00:29:59,600 Speaker 1: of Galaxies. They're organized there, you go stand together speak 544 00:29:59,640 --> 00:30:08,479 Speaker 1: as well and orbit together. Yes we can. So the 545 00:30:08,520 --> 00:30:13,360 Speaker 1: galaxies form clusters, and the clusters form superclusters. What does 546 00:30:13,400 --> 00:30:15,640 Speaker 1: that mean? So they're like, well, the same way that 547 00:30:16,120 --> 00:30:19,479 Speaker 1: you know, stars organized into a galaxy and galaxies organized 548 00:30:19,480 --> 00:30:22,560 Speaker 1: into a cluster. Galaxy clusters themselves. You just think of 549 00:30:22,640 --> 00:30:25,120 Speaker 1: each of those is like a little dot. Then about 550 00:30:25,160 --> 00:30:28,080 Speaker 1: you know, a hundred of those together, which spans about 551 00:30:28,080 --> 00:30:31,160 Speaker 1: a hundred million light years across, form what we call 552 00:30:31,240 --> 00:30:33,720 Speaker 1: a supercluster. Oh my god, it's giving me a head 553 00:30:33,720 --> 00:30:36,480 Speaker 1: of to think about these scales. So um, So this 554 00:30:36,640 --> 00:30:43,080 Speaker 1: is a cluster of clusters of galaxies which have billions 555 00:30:43,080 --> 00:30:46,640 Speaker 1: of stars, and each star has planets, and each planet 556 00:30:46,960 --> 00:30:51,400 Speaker 1: has little might have little people like us exactly. Um. 557 00:30:51,440 --> 00:30:54,080 Speaker 1: And so these superclusters, I mean they're enormous. It's hard 558 00:30:54,120 --> 00:30:56,200 Speaker 1: to even really think about these distances. You know, a 559 00:30:56,320 --> 00:31:01,480 Speaker 1: hundred million light years you mean superbanaxes, reunions, the exactly. 560 00:31:02,280 --> 00:31:05,200 Speaker 1: And so that's pretty incredible. And people will figure that out. 561 00:31:05,240 --> 00:31:07,959 Speaker 1: They thought, wow, that's pretty big stuff. You know. So 562 00:31:08,320 --> 00:31:10,920 Speaker 1: you said there are a hundred million light years across, Yeah, 563 00:31:10,920 --> 00:31:13,880 Speaker 1: there are a hundred million light years across. Um. And 564 00:31:13,920 --> 00:31:16,040 Speaker 1: so then people started to look to see like, well, 565 00:31:16,040 --> 00:31:18,479 Speaker 1: are those organized in some way? Are those the biggest 566 00:31:18,480 --> 00:31:20,480 Speaker 1: things in the universe? Yeah? Are those the biggest thing 567 00:31:20,520 --> 00:31:23,840 Speaker 1: in the universe. And so that's when people that's when 568 00:31:23,840 --> 00:31:26,960 Speaker 1: the real shock arrived, because they started it started to 569 00:31:27,000 --> 00:31:29,480 Speaker 1: sort of look like they were just sprinkled evenly. But 570 00:31:29,560 --> 00:31:32,080 Speaker 1: then they noticed that in one direction it went on, 571 00:31:32,320 --> 00:31:34,480 Speaker 1: superclusters just sort of went on for a long way. 572 00:31:34,760 --> 00:31:38,000 Speaker 1: In another direction they stopped, and you know, they're sort 573 00:31:38,000 --> 00:31:40,959 Speaker 1: of building this three D one three D picture around us, 574 00:31:41,240 --> 00:31:43,320 Speaker 1: and it turns out that we were in sort of 575 00:31:43,360 --> 00:31:46,760 Speaker 1: a thick sheet, like there's like a great wall of 576 00:31:46,800 --> 00:31:49,520 Speaker 1: superclusters as far as we can see, Like we are 577 00:31:49,640 --> 00:31:53,480 Speaker 1: one supercluster sprinkled with a bunch of other superclusters, but 578 00:31:53,520 --> 00:31:58,160 Speaker 1: it's not as thick as it is wide. It's organizing 579 00:31:58,200 --> 00:32:02,000 Speaker 1: to like a sheet, like a table, Yeah, like a sheet. 580 00:32:02,320 --> 00:32:04,600 Speaker 1: And then people start to look like, well, what's in 581 00:32:04,640 --> 00:32:07,440 Speaker 1: that spot? Where there when the superclusters run out? Right? 582 00:32:07,720 --> 00:32:09,640 Speaker 1: So they built the map further and further and further, 583 00:32:09,680 --> 00:32:12,760 Speaker 1: and then they discovered, oh, it's not a sheet of superclusters. 584 00:32:12,800 --> 00:32:16,480 Speaker 1: It's more like a bubble, right, And so the superclusters 585 00:32:16,480 --> 00:32:19,760 Speaker 1: are organized into these like massive bubbles that surround these 586 00:32:19,880 --> 00:32:27,520 Speaker 1: huge voids in which there's nothing. So like the superclusters 587 00:32:27,560 --> 00:32:32,040 Speaker 1: of clusters of galaxies form a bubble like they're on 588 00:32:32,120 --> 00:32:34,600 Speaker 1: the surface of a bubble. Yeah, and you know, it's 589 00:32:34,600 --> 00:32:36,719 Speaker 1: not like very regular bubbles. It's more like there are 590 00:32:36,720 --> 00:32:39,560 Speaker 1: these filaments and sheets and empty spaces. They're not like 591 00:32:39,600 --> 00:32:43,560 Speaker 1: the bubbles are spherical or anything, but there's it's like, um, 592 00:32:43,600 --> 00:32:46,600 Speaker 1: if you zoom out far enough, it's like a froth, right, 593 00:32:47,200 --> 00:32:50,840 Speaker 1: It's like and and each um, it's like a froth 594 00:32:50,880 --> 00:32:53,800 Speaker 1: of these little bubbles and each bubble the surface of 595 00:32:53,800 --> 00:32:57,080 Speaker 1: that bubble, like the thin skin of that bubble is 596 00:32:57,280 --> 00:33:01,640 Speaker 1: thousands and thousands of superclusters of galaxies. Oh my god, 597 00:33:02,000 --> 00:33:05,000 Speaker 1: it's pretty crazy. And so we live on the on 598 00:33:05,080 --> 00:33:07,480 Speaker 1: the edge of some little bubble. And in that void, 599 00:33:07,480 --> 00:33:09,560 Speaker 1: I mean, there was voids or billions of light years 600 00:33:09,560 --> 00:33:14,320 Speaker 1: across with nothing in them. Nothing nothing, I mean empty space, 601 00:33:14,360 --> 00:33:17,560 Speaker 1: which of course is never really empty. Um. And you know, 602 00:33:17,600 --> 00:33:20,080 Speaker 1: maybe like one rock got kicked out of a cluster 603 00:33:20,160 --> 00:33:23,320 Speaker 1: one day and wandered into those that voids, but essentially 604 00:33:23,400 --> 00:33:27,200 Speaker 1: nothing and those um bubbles are about billions of light 605 00:33:27,240 --> 00:33:29,960 Speaker 1: years across. There are billions of light years across exactly, 606 00:33:30,520 --> 00:33:33,880 Speaker 1: and that's pretty incredible. And then you know that's it. Wait, 607 00:33:33,960 --> 00:33:36,160 Speaker 1: so that's that's the biggest thing in the universe. The 608 00:33:36,560 --> 00:33:41,840 Speaker 1: bubble of superclusters, of clusters, of galaxies, of stars, of planets, 609 00:33:41,840 --> 00:33:45,800 Speaker 1: of people exactly. And if you zoom out far enough 610 00:33:45,840 --> 00:33:48,080 Speaker 1: as far as we know, then it just looks smooth. 611 00:33:48,240 --> 00:33:51,720 Speaker 1: There's no more organization. Uh, it's just more bubbles. Yeah. 612 00:33:51,720 --> 00:33:54,400 Speaker 1: The bubbles are just sprinkled evenly. It's not like they're 613 00:33:54,440 --> 00:33:58,360 Speaker 1: the bubbles form circles or form sheets or form groups 614 00:33:58,440 --> 00:34:00,160 Speaker 1: or anything like that that we think that they are 615 00:34:00,200 --> 00:34:06,200 Speaker 1: just organized. Um, they're just sprinkled there. The universe is frothy, yeah, 616 00:34:06,400 --> 00:34:08,400 Speaker 1: and it really is frothy. And the thing I like 617 00:34:08,440 --> 00:34:12,319 Speaker 1: thinking about the most is where that froth came from, right, Like, 618 00:34:12,520 --> 00:34:15,600 Speaker 1: And it's really it's connected to the first few moments 619 00:34:15,840 --> 00:34:18,799 Speaker 1: of the universe. For those of you who remember, like 620 00:34:18,840 --> 00:34:21,520 Speaker 1: talking about the Big Bang and the cosmic microwave background. 621 00:34:21,760 --> 00:34:25,120 Speaker 1: We've looked back in time also and we've seen the 622 00:34:25,200 --> 00:34:27,719 Speaker 1: early few a few moments of the universe, and what 623 00:34:27,800 --> 00:34:31,320 Speaker 1: we see there are is froth. Right, It's like quantum 624 00:34:31,480 --> 00:34:35,200 Speaker 1: randomness which generated the initial seeds for all the structure 625 00:34:35,200 --> 00:34:39,040 Speaker 1: of the universe. That this structure we're talking about, so 626 00:34:39,239 --> 00:34:42,520 Speaker 1: little random fluctuations in the early universe lead directly to 627 00:34:42,719 --> 00:34:45,680 Speaker 1: these huge structures that we're seeing. Now, Why do we 628 00:34:45,719 --> 00:34:48,400 Speaker 1: have a bubble here? Not there? Because there's some random 629 00:34:48,520 --> 00:34:52,719 Speaker 1: quantum particle fluctuation fourteen billion years ago at the Big 630 00:34:52,719 --> 00:34:56,160 Speaker 1: Bang in a space in a really small space, Yeah, exactly, 631 00:34:56,200 --> 00:34:58,960 Speaker 1: and then it got stretched out by inflation and became 632 00:34:59,000 --> 00:35:01,440 Speaker 1: the seed of structure in the universe. And that's the 633 00:35:01,480 --> 00:35:05,200 Speaker 1: structure we're talking about. So that these bubble sort of 634 00:35:05,360 --> 00:35:08,880 Speaker 1: you might say, kind of came first, right, like the 635 00:35:08,960 --> 00:35:11,120 Speaker 1: universe biggest thing in the universe was has always been 636 00:35:11,160 --> 00:35:15,520 Speaker 1: a bubble. Well, you know, they were there were those 637 00:35:15,520 --> 00:35:17,239 Speaker 1: sort of quantum froth. I don't know if you could 638 00:35:17,239 --> 00:35:19,399 Speaker 1: really call those bubbles. They're just like areas where there's 639 00:35:19,440 --> 00:35:21,640 Speaker 1: more density and less density. But I just want to 640 00:35:21,640 --> 00:35:24,719 Speaker 1: make the connection and have people understand it that the 641 00:35:24,760 --> 00:35:26,680 Speaker 1: structure and that we see in the universe today was 642 00:35:26,719 --> 00:35:30,440 Speaker 1: determined in some sense by that quantum froth that happened 643 00:35:30,440 --> 00:35:33,680 Speaker 1: in the early universe. It just scaled up and scaled 644 00:35:33,760 --> 00:35:36,719 Speaker 1: up and scaled up, and that's what gives us the 645 00:35:36,760 --> 00:35:43,120 Speaker 1: biggest things in the universe. Yeah, exactly, superbnax is bubbles, exactly. 646 00:35:43,120 --> 00:35:46,640 Speaker 1: And the fascinating thing is thinking about why there isn't 647 00:35:46,680 --> 00:35:49,720 Speaker 1: any bigger structure, Like why don't those bubbles form structure? 648 00:35:49,760 --> 00:35:53,480 Speaker 1: I said earlier, like anytime you've got stuff hanging out, 649 00:35:53,239 --> 00:35:55,960 Speaker 1: gravity is going to start to organize you, right, And 650 00:35:56,040 --> 00:35:58,920 Speaker 1: that's true, but it also it takes a while. Gravity 651 00:35:59,000 --> 00:36:01,839 Speaker 1: is not very strong. Remember, it's the weakest force by 652 00:36:02,239 --> 00:36:04,960 Speaker 1: orders of magnitude, and so even though it's the dominant 653 00:36:04,960 --> 00:36:07,719 Speaker 1: thing in the universe on these scales and these timelines, 654 00:36:07,760 --> 00:36:10,120 Speaker 1: it's not very powerful. So it takes a long time, 655 00:36:10,200 --> 00:36:12,839 Speaker 1: takes billions of years to form this structure. The way, 656 00:36:12,840 --> 00:36:14,759 Speaker 1: do we know for sure that these bubbles and this 657 00:36:15,640 --> 00:36:19,320 Speaker 1: froth of super duper clusters, that's that's it, that's the 658 00:36:19,320 --> 00:36:22,160 Speaker 1: biggest thing at the universe. We're pretty sure there's nothing bigger. 659 00:36:22,360 --> 00:36:24,600 Speaker 1: We're pretty sure we know nothing for sure, But we've 660 00:36:24,640 --> 00:36:27,600 Speaker 1: been building this map, this three D map of the universe, 661 00:36:27,640 --> 00:36:29,719 Speaker 1: and that's all we see. Yeah, and it could be 662 00:36:29,719 --> 00:36:31,600 Speaker 1: that we haven't, you know, just seen far enough. But 663 00:36:31,880 --> 00:36:34,000 Speaker 1: we've seen pretty far and it just looks like these 664 00:36:34,000 --> 00:36:37,200 Speaker 1: bubbles and filaments and strands and sheets. You know, it's 665 00:36:37,239 --> 00:36:42,000 Speaker 1: these superclusters in form these surfaces. But that's about it. 666 00:36:42,440 --> 00:36:44,880 Speaker 1: You know, there's no organization to those bubbles or sheets 667 00:36:44,880 --> 00:36:47,040 Speaker 1: as far as we know. And I think the reason 668 00:36:47,320 --> 00:36:49,719 Speaker 1: is that there just hasn't been enough time. Right. The 669 00:36:49,800 --> 00:36:52,600 Speaker 1: universe is old and it's but it's done a lot 670 00:36:52,640 --> 00:36:54,440 Speaker 1: in those fourteen billion years. I mean, that's a lot 671 00:36:54,480 --> 00:36:57,200 Speaker 1: of galaxies to make on a lot of superclusters to organize, 672 00:36:57,480 --> 00:36:59,880 Speaker 1: you know, a lot of bubbles and filaments, rights, but 673 00:37:00,000 --> 00:37:03,360 Speaker 1: a lot of bananas. Yeah. And you know, earlier in 674 00:37:03,400 --> 00:37:06,520 Speaker 1: the universe there was less structure, right, um, and so 675 00:37:06,640 --> 00:37:09,840 Speaker 1: these structures have formed gradually over time. You know, in 676 00:37:09,880 --> 00:37:12,239 Speaker 1: the first billion years after the Big Bang, we didn't 677 00:37:12,239 --> 00:37:14,919 Speaker 1: have any galaxies, right, and so it takes a while 678 00:37:15,040 --> 00:37:17,200 Speaker 1: for these structures to form. So it might be that 679 00:37:17,280 --> 00:37:19,480 Speaker 1: you win another fifty billion years and then you make 680 00:37:19,560 --> 00:37:22,399 Speaker 1: something else, something new is crowned, is the biggest thing 681 00:37:22,440 --> 00:37:24,600 Speaker 1: in the universe, and then we call a new hooree 682 00:37:24,640 --> 00:37:26,480 Speaker 1: to give it a silly name after some fruit, you like, 683 00:37:26,600 --> 00:37:31,239 Speaker 1: a bigger one, bigger, bigger, I mean, like in the 684 00:37:31,280 --> 00:37:34,160 Speaker 1: future billions of years from now, maybe these bubbles will 685 00:37:34,200 --> 00:37:39,040 Speaker 1: form into something like a mega bubble or a giant 686 00:37:39,040 --> 00:37:41,680 Speaker 1: smiley phace. Who knows it might be. On the other hand, 687 00:37:42,040 --> 00:37:44,439 Speaker 1: we've also talked a few times about dark energy. That's 688 00:37:44,440 --> 00:37:48,440 Speaker 1: this mysterious force that's pushing everything apart, right, that's creating 689 00:37:48,560 --> 00:37:52,440 Speaker 1: new space between galaxies. So that's making that actually harder 690 00:37:52,480 --> 00:37:55,400 Speaker 1: to make new structure, because spreading everything out is ripping 691 00:37:55,440 --> 00:37:58,680 Speaker 1: everything apart. Exactly, it's ripping everything apart. So it might 692 00:37:58,800 --> 00:38:01,879 Speaker 1: just be that we are living in the moment when 693 00:38:01,920 --> 00:38:04,400 Speaker 1: we will have the biggest structures ever in the universe, 694 00:38:04,520 --> 00:38:06,399 Speaker 1: that this is like a tipping point in it. After this, 695 00:38:06,719 --> 00:38:09,360 Speaker 1: things just get shredded and this is like the biggest 696 00:38:09,400 --> 00:38:11,560 Speaker 1: we ever got. Like in the in the future, everything 697 00:38:11,560 --> 00:38:15,799 Speaker 1: will just be spread out evenly with no discernible structure. Yeah, 698 00:38:15,800 --> 00:38:18,160 Speaker 1: it could be right, And that's always weird. When you 699 00:38:18,200 --> 00:38:20,560 Speaker 1: come to the realization that you're living in a special moment. 700 00:38:20,600 --> 00:38:22,640 Speaker 1: It makes you skeptical. You're like, well, that's sort of 701 00:38:23,000 --> 00:38:24,839 Speaker 1: I mean, how could that be. We just we luck 702 00:38:25,120 --> 00:38:27,600 Speaker 1: a coincidence, Yeah, exactly, seems like a coincidence. And in 703 00:38:27,600 --> 00:38:30,080 Speaker 1: science we don't like coincidences. I mean, they happen, but 704 00:38:30,120 --> 00:38:32,239 Speaker 1: every time there's a coincidence, it's an opportunity to ask 705 00:38:32,320 --> 00:38:35,840 Speaker 1: why and to maybe get a revealing answer. So, you know, 706 00:38:35,880 --> 00:38:37,759 Speaker 1: there's a lot of speculation and a lot we don't know. 707 00:38:37,880 --> 00:38:40,400 Speaker 1: It's like every generation thinks that they live in the 708 00:38:40,400 --> 00:38:43,440 Speaker 1: peak of their culture. Every generation thinks they have the 709 00:38:43,480 --> 00:38:46,759 Speaker 1: best music every exactly just down just downhill from the 710 00:38:47,600 --> 00:38:49,719 Speaker 1: kids today. Man, they don't know what good music is. 711 00:38:50,400 --> 00:38:52,000 Speaker 1: That's kind of what you're saying. They don't know what 712 00:38:52,040 --> 00:38:55,319 Speaker 1: a supercluster is exactly. That's kind of what you're saying. 713 00:38:55,320 --> 00:38:58,800 Speaker 1: Is that, well, you're saying we live in peak universal structure, 714 00:38:59,040 --> 00:39:01,439 Speaker 1: like things are just kind might be just downhill from here, 715 00:39:01,480 --> 00:39:04,560 Speaker 1: and this is the most structure will see ever, Like 716 00:39:04,640 --> 00:39:06,760 Speaker 1: these big things in the universe might at some point 717 00:39:07,160 --> 00:39:09,480 Speaker 1: kind of get ripped apart and dissolve. Yeah, and I 718 00:39:09,480 --> 00:39:11,200 Speaker 1: want to emphasize again this is a lot of this 719 00:39:11,280 --> 00:39:13,320 Speaker 1: is speculation because we don't know what the future of 720 00:39:13,400 --> 00:39:16,359 Speaker 1: dark energy is, right, and there could be other things 721 00:39:16,360 --> 00:39:18,480 Speaker 1: we don't know about how the universe is organized. We're 722 00:39:18,480 --> 00:39:21,200 Speaker 1: still really babies when it comes to understanding this stuff. 723 00:39:21,400 --> 00:39:24,160 Speaker 1: But that certainly could be we don't see any bigger structure, 724 00:39:24,360 --> 00:39:26,279 Speaker 1: and we have reason to think that dark energy is 725 00:39:26,320 --> 00:39:29,400 Speaker 1: gonna in That dark energy really could prevent more structure 726 00:39:29,400 --> 00:39:31,719 Speaker 1: from being formed. It could even shred the structures we have. 727 00:39:32,360 --> 00:39:35,440 Speaker 1: So yeah, we could be living at peak structure. Right. Wow, 728 00:39:36,200 --> 00:39:38,200 Speaker 1: So be glad that you're alive right now and you 729 00:39:38,239 --> 00:39:40,600 Speaker 1: could look out into the stars and see the biggest 730 00:39:40,680 --> 00:39:42,960 Speaker 1: thing in the universe. Well, that's the answer to the 731 00:39:43,040 --> 00:39:45,600 Speaker 1: question we set out to talk about, which is the 732 00:39:45,640 --> 00:39:47,600 Speaker 1: what is the biggest thing in the universe? And right 733 00:39:47,640 --> 00:39:51,440 Speaker 1: now the biggest thing in the universe are these bubbles 734 00:39:51,480 --> 00:39:55,080 Speaker 1: of superclusters of galaxies. Yeah, and it also might be 735 00:39:55,120 --> 00:39:58,279 Speaker 1: the biggest thing ever in the universe in the infinity 736 00:39:58,320 --> 00:40:03,800 Speaker 1: of time. They might the basics exactly in the history 737 00:40:03,800 --> 00:40:09,920 Speaker 1: of the universe. In this infinitely long podcast. All right, 738 00:40:09,960 --> 00:40:12,640 Speaker 1: so I think we answered the question. Um. I hope 739 00:40:12,640 --> 00:40:15,920 Speaker 1: we took you on a fun mental trip from mind 740 00:40:15,920 --> 00:40:18,839 Speaker 1: blowing the small to mind blowing the huge and made 741 00:40:18,880 --> 00:40:22,160 Speaker 1: you realize where you are in our cosmic neighborhood. We 742 00:40:22,239 --> 00:40:25,960 Speaker 1: hope you had a very large time thinking about these 743 00:40:26,040 --> 00:40:29,799 Speaker 1: huge scales and Jorges over there doing some math to 744 00:40:29,800 --> 00:40:34,520 Speaker 1: figure out how what fruit associates with the cluster of superclusters? 745 00:40:35,280 --> 00:40:38,520 Speaker 1: How big would that banana have to be inside of 746 00:40:38,560 --> 00:40:42,080 Speaker 1: all if you added up all the bananas you're beating 747 00:40:42,080 --> 00:40:45,920 Speaker 1: over your life, how big would that banana be worn it? 748 00:40:45,920 --> 00:40:52,600 Speaker 1: It would be a galaxy of potassium. Probably probably all right, everyone, 749 00:40:52,640 --> 00:40:56,239 Speaker 1: thank you for listening to this biggest podcast ever. See 750 00:40:56,280 --> 00:41:06,640 Speaker 1: you next time. If you still have a question after 751 00:41:06,680 --> 00:41:09,799 Speaker 1: listening to all these explanations, please drop us a line. 752 00:41:09,880 --> 00:41:12,000 Speaker 1: We'd love to hear from you. You can find us 753 00:41:12,000 --> 00:41:15,839 Speaker 1: at Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram at Daniel and Jorge That's 754 00:41:15,840 --> 00:41:19,239 Speaker 1: one word, or email us at Feedback at Daniel and 755 00:41:19,360 --> 00:41:29,400 Speaker 1: Jorge dot com.