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Speaker 1: Mmm, Hello friends, and welcome back to Behind the Bastards.

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Speaker 1: I'm Robert Evans, and this is the podcast where we

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Speaker 1: tell you everything you don't know about the very worst

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Speaker 1: people in all of history. Now on this podcast, I

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Speaker 1: read a story about someone or someones who are awful

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Speaker 1: or enabled an awful person to a guest who is

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Speaker 1: coming in cold and has not been informed about what

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Speaker 1: you know we're talking about ahead of time. This week,

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Speaker 1: my guest is Naomi ex Paragon, co host of Couples Therapy,

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Speaker 1: writer on Broad City, and Naomi, I'm gonna guess probably

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Speaker 1: black whoa whoa whoa you? Well, I was gonna say

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Speaker 1: fly Fisher who Well. I wasn't going to bring race

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Speaker 1: into this. But let's talk about some Nazis. Actually, this

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Speaker 1: week we're not talking about Nazis. We're talking about the

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Speaker 1: people who enabled the Nazis to rise to power. Uh,

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Speaker 1: People who were not Nazis, people who, as a general rule,

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Speaker 1: everyone on this podcast hated the Nazis and thought Hitler

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Speaker 1: was terrible. But also these are the people who made

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Speaker 1: it possible for him to rise to power. We are

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Speaker 1: talking about the non Nazi bastards behind Hitler today. Yes,

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Speaker 1: this is a dark and terrible story about how the

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Speaker 1: Third Right came to power uh and the people who

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Speaker 1: enabled it. Uh. None of these people wanted Germany to

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Speaker 1: be taken over by fascist dictatorship, and most of them

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Speaker 1: would live long enough to be horrified by the extent

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Speaker 1: of Nazi crimes. Some of them died in concentration camps.

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Speaker 1: So whoopsie, Yeah, this is Whoopsie Doozel would be the

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Speaker 1: other title for this episode, The Big Nazi Whoopsie Doozel.

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Speaker 1: So the story of Hitler's rise to power starts before

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Speaker 1: World War One, in the mid eighteen hundreds, with the

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Speaker 1: births of two men, Paul von Hendenburg and Eric Ludendorff,

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Speaker 1: both of which have fun names to say. I recommend

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Speaker 1: just saying Ludendorf to yourself when you're feeling down. It

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Speaker 1: sounds like a cough drop maybe, but not at all soothing,

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Speaker 1: because then I think about him. Yeah yeah, and he

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Speaker 1: was not a soothing fellow. Hindenburg himself was born on

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Speaker 1: August eighty seven. He came from a military family that

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Speaker 1: could trace its lineage in arms back to the Dred

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Speaker 1: So gross. Yeah. Well, I'm not into people claiming some

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Speaker 1: ship from the past. I don't care what your ancestors did.

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Speaker 1: That's a huge white people thing because big old lists

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Speaker 1: of what your dead relatives did. Yeah, and and Paul

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Speaker 1: von Hindenberg is like the epitome of the guy who

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Speaker 1: cares what his dead relatives did and cares about what

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Speaker 1: his ancestor his descendants in the future will think about

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Speaker 1: him when he's their dead relative. That was his whole

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Speaker 1: animating philosophy in life. Can you imagine, It's like be present, bit,

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Speaker 1: just just do your own thing. Yeah, well, uh, Hindenburg

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Speaker 1: started cadet training for the Prussian Army at age eleven

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Speaker 1: because that was the way ship worked back then. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: his family were soldiers, So you start as being a

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Speaker 1: soldier as a child, Like, there's nothing better than arming

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Speaker 1: a child, you know, because who's more even key old,

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Speaker 1: more able to manage their emotions and you use their

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Speaker 1: words and judge situations for what they really are. And

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Speaker 1: then eleven year old eleven year olds are perfectly competent

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Speaker 1: to evaluate the world and understand when the use of

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Speaker 1: deadly force is appropriate. We all, we've all agreed that. However,

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Speaker 1: for years, I mean, when Hindenburgh was a young child,

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Speaker 1: his nurse would shout silence in the ranks when he complains.

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Speaker 1: So that's like even before he was eleven, Like he's

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Speaker 1: he's being brought up. Like here's a picture of him

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Speaker 1: at age eleven when he started cadet school and then

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Speaker 1: the cutest little child soldier. We'll have this picture on

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Speaker 1: our website, Behind the Bastards dot com. How would you

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Speaker 1: describe that picture? He is serving an aryan look, Okay,

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Speaker 1: he's almost like in drag in a way, as a

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Speaker 1: child just playing this role. I'm all about the crossed

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Speaker 1: feet in front. Dead eyes. You know that's also a

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Speaker 1: product of the photographs of the era. You know what

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Speaker 1: I mean that you can't deal But I actually do

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Speaker 1: believe his eyes are dead. You know what I mean?

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Speaker 1: You will continue to believe that throughout the story, I

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Speaker 1: suspect uh. And again that picture will be on behind

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Speaker 1: the Bastards dot com, as will any pictures associated with

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Speaker 1: this episode. Um So. In eighteen sixty six, Hindenberg fought

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Speaker 1: in the Austro Prussian War, which is a war none

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Speaker 1: of us have heard about because it's just too old.

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Speaker 1: The matter. A bullet pierced his helmet increased his head,

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Speaker 1: knocking him unconscious. But he woke up, wrapped his head

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Speaker 1: in a towel and continued to lead his soldiers into battle.

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Speaker 1: Yeah yeah, yeah. He also fought in the Franco Prussian

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Speaker 1: War of eighteen seventy one. Yeah, because that's a that's

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Speaker 1: a very important one. That's we got Germany out of

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Speaker 1: that one, yea, which mixed bag, mixed bag. Uh. And

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Speaker 1: actually he was present the day the German Empire was

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Speaker 1: declared in I think of Versailles, so like when they

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Speaker 1: concluded that war between Prussia and France. Man he became

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Speaker 1: a thing and he was there to watch it become

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Speaker 1: a thing. Now, Eric Ludendorff, the other guy that we're

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Speaker 1: starting with was you may remember him as the bad

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Speaker 1: guy from the New Wonder Woman movie. Oh my god.

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Speaker 1: He was a real person. He was. He did not,

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Speaker 1: he did was not an advocate of using poisonous gas

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Speaker 1: on women and children in World War One. But he

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Speaker 1: was a piece of ship that's dope. Yeah. Yeah. So

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Speaker 1: he was born on April ninth, eighteen sixty five, so

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Speaker 1: he's a bit younger than Hindenburg. He went into cadet

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Speaker 1: school also as a kid in nine age nine, probably

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Speaker 1: like eleven or twelve, something like that. I like the

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Speaker 1: idea that they were just starting well kind of because

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Speaker 1: he went into cadet school the same time as Hindenburg,

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Speaker 1: but he was so good at it that he was

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Speaker 1: advanced two grades ahead of his classmates. Because taking a

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Speaker 1: child soldier in advancing them even further beyond where a

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Speaker 1: child should be is always a good idea. Also, what

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Speaker 1: makes you a better child soldier? At eleven? I feel

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Speaker 1: the same thing that makes you good, the same signs

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Speaker 1: for being a serial killer. This kid was the Michael

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Speaker 1: Jordan of being a child soldier. But it also means

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Speaker 1: he was probably like ripping the heads off of rats.

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Speaker 1: Yeah you know what I mean, like a lot of

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Speaker 1: starting fires, a lot of bed wedding, a lot of

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Speaker 1: You will not come to feel that less as this

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Speaker 1: story progresses. So Ludendorff grew up never knowing anything but

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Speaker 1: the military. He didn't see combat as a young man,

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Speaker 1: but he rose through the ranks and wound up working

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Speaker 1: in the German General staff with a guy named Alfred

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Speaker 1: von Schlifen. Uh trust him? Yeah? Well, World War One

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Speaker 1: nerds will know who this guy is. He created what

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Speaker 1: was called the Schleifen Plan, which was Germany's plan for

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Speaker 1: how to win a war with Russia and France simultaneously.

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Speaker 1: And this is the plan that they started World War

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Speaker 1: One with the gist of it was they had to

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Speaker 1: put of their army into an invasion of France that

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Speaker 1: would sweep around and almost touched the English Channel and

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Speaker 1: then sort of sweep the French armies from behind. Like

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Speaker 1: that was the gist of this. And it was this

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Speaker 1: incredibly intricate plan that involved millions and millions of men,

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Speaker 1: and the Germans, being good at planning, had it down

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Speaker 1: to like here's how many belt buckles we need, and

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Speaker 1: here's like all the feet that will pass over this road,

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Speaker 1: and the very very intricate plan. His job was helping

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Speaker 1: to make sure that Germany was ready to execute this

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Speaker 1: plan if the war happened. Um. And he was the

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Speaker 1: kind of guy who was so into being an army

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Speaker 1: dude that when he would get vacation time, rather than

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Speaker 1: using it as a human being, he would take trips

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Speaker 1: to Belgium because the Schleeping plan involved an invasion of Belgium,

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Speaker 1: and he would just scout out forts like rather than chilling,

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Speaker 1: he'd be like he would go scout out Belgian forts

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Speaker 1: and pretend to be on vacation so that he could

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Speaker 1: do a better job of Nevadia and Belgium, And hey,

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Speaker 1: when will you be back from your forts? Scout? And

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Speaker 1: Junior is really asking about you. He's forgotten your name.

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Speaker 1: He's tinned, so he's about to go into the army

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Speaker 1: and he'd like to see you'd like to see you

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Speaker 1: one last time before he likely dies before he's used

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Speaker 1: as cannon father. So when World War One broke out,

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Speaker 1: Ludendorff did great and captured a bunch of Belgium forts.

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Speaker 1: To thank God, Lord give it all that time and energy.

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Speaker 1: You better not if you came out on the bottom,

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Speaker 1: you would have had to rethink all your life. So

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Speaker 1: he's at least good at the thing that he gave

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Speaker 1: up his vacations to be good at um. And he

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Speaker 1: distinguished himself in the fighting against Belgium. Uh and yeah,

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Speaker 1: his recognition for his brilliance in the field, he was

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Speaker 1: sent to the undermanned Eastern Front because again the Germans

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Speaker 1: had put their whole army to invade France. Uh and

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Speaker 1: he was basically tasked with saving Germany from a Russian invasion.

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Speaker 1: Now he was paired up in this with an older

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Speaker 1: retired general who had been sort of out of the

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Speaker 1: general game for three or four years prior to the

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Speaker 1: ut Brick of war. Okay, so you're telling me he

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Speaker 1: was a Riggs and they found his myrtal and his

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Speaker 1: myrta was Paul van Hendenburg. Alright, alright, alright, I'm seeing it.

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Speaker 1: So together they won Germany's most decisive victory of World

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Speaker 1: War One, Tannenburg, which basically meant that Russia was not

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Speaker 1: going to successfully invade Germany because this victory had so

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Speaker 1: they become big heroes of this and together Hindenburg and

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Speaker 1: Ludendorff were, like you said, the Riggs and Murtough. I

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Speaker 1: compared them to Chris Farley and David Spade of the

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Speaker 1: German General staff. But both comparisons are at much better

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Speaker 1: nick yep yep uh. And like the Farley Spade partnership,

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Speaker 1: this one was destined to end in tragedy. Hindenberg was

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Speaker 1: the senior of the two men. He wound up getting

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Speaker 1: most of the credit for the victory at Tannenberg, even

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Speaker 1: though Ludendorff had done most of the work. This would

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Speaker 1: prove to be a trope of Hindenberg's career he liked

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Speaker 1: taking credit for other people's work and not doing much himself.

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Speaker 1: Uh And if he took credit from other people's work,

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Speaker 1: he could also shift blame to them, because again, he's

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Speaker 1: a legacy guy. He's got this deep family history and

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Speaker 1: he also wants to be a good part of that

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Speaker 1: family legacy. So he's all about the name. He's a

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Speaker 1: kind of guy. He like pops up in the photo.

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Speaker 1: He'll photo Obama moment like, yeah, Hindenberg is the I

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Speaker 1: was here guy of German history. Yeah, yeah, uh so

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Speaker 1: is World War One War On Hindenberg and Lundorff rose

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Speaker 1: to become the military dictators of Germany. They sidelined the

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Speaker 1: Kaiser and held almost complete control of the state in

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Speaker 1: what was called a silent dictatorship. The position of secret

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Speaker 1: military dictator was perfect for Hindenburg because he got to

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Speaker 1: be in charge, and also Ludendorff would do the hard

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Speaker 1: work and best of all, any funk ups from either

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Speaker 1: of them would be blamed on the Kaiser. So it was.

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Speaker 1: It was a sweet gig while it lasted at least,

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Speaker 1: But then twenty million people died in Germany lost the war.

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Speaker 1: We've all been there, um so the worst thing about

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Speaker 1: Germany's defeat from their point of view, is that the

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Speaker 1: Kaiser abdicated. This set the expectation that Hindenberg and Ludendorff,

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Speaker 1: since they were the guys who had been running the war,

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Speaker 1: would be the ones who'd have to deliver germany surrender.

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Speaker 1: And they were not about to let that happen. So

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Speaker 1: they found a fall guy, Matthias Erzberger. Erzberger, Baby, Erzberger. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: he's the only not shitty guy in the story, and

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Speaker 1: he's about to get fucked over, maybe harder than anyone's

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Speaker 1: ever been fucked in the history of politics. Oh my god,

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Speaker 1: that would be fair to say. I think um Ersberger

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Speaker 1: was a politician with a German center party because the

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Speaker 1: Germans did have like quasi democracy prior to World War One,

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Speaker 1: like the Kaiser held most of the power, but there

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Speaker 1: was a Reichstag which was like do you remember this

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Speaker 1: all right? I know? So they had and he was

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Speaker 1: one of these elected leaders, and he had supported suing

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Speaker 1: for peace with the Allies in nineteen seventeen, back when

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Speaker 1: Germany could have worked out a piece with the Allies

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Speaker 1: that would have ended well, like they wouldn't have had

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Speaker 1: to sign a treaty that sucked them over. You know.

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Speaker 1: But Hendenberg and Ludendorff hadn't been willing to make peace

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Speaker 1: in nineteen seventeen. They wouldn't to try one more time

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Speaker 1: to win the war, and that had not worked out.

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Speaker 1: Uh So, when their plan failed, they told Erzberger that

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Speaker 1: he had no choice but to go and deliver Germany's

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Speaker 1: unconditional surrender to the Allies. This instantly made Erzberger, how

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Speaker 1: do you deliver a surrender? He's got to go to

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Speaker 1: Germany and be like parish. But but I'm saying, like

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Speaker 1: he's got a what like he's gotta get them to agree. Okay,

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Speaker 1: So here's the situation at the end of World War One.

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Speaker 1: There are no no soldiers in German territory, no Allied soldiers.

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Speaker 1: They're in fact, German soldiers are still in France, they're

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Speaker 1: still in Belgium. They've taken Ukraine and a huge chunk

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Speaker 1: of Western Russia from the Russians. Um So to the

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Speaker 1: German people who don't have a free press, they think

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Speaker 1: they're winning, but they're almost out of bullets, they're almost

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Speaker 1: out of shells, they're almost out of men. So they

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Speaker 1: decided to surrender. Because if the Allies attack once more,

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Speaker 1: the whole army is going to shut exactly. But it

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Speaker 1: looks to the civilians like things are going well. Um. So,

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Speaker 1: rather than Ludendorf and Hendenburg getting up in front of

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Speaker 1: Germany and being like, we can't fight anymore. They outfought us,

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Speaker 1: We've lost the war, Erzberger's gotta Dosberger has gotta go

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Speaker 1: do it. No, so he's got to get up in

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Speaker 1: front of all his friends, people who don't know him,

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Speaker 1: and be like, we're losers. Yeah, I'm a loser. I'm

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Speaker 1: the guy telling you all we're losers. Exactly after four

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Speaker 1: years of we're winning and it's your sons died, but

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Speaker 1: we're winning. Yeah. So Erzberger inly becomes the chief villain

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Speaker 1: of the German nation. Of course. Yeah. Yeah, he can't

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Speaker 1: go anywhere. He can't. He hasn't know a moment's peace. No,

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Speaker 1: he does not know a moment's peace. Um. And it

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Speaker 1: gets worse because, rather than you know, throw their support

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Speaker 1: behind Erzberger and the new Weimar Republic that replaced the

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Speaker 1: Kaiser's government, Ludendorf and Hendenberg concocted a scheme. Okay, these

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Speaker 1: two are like literally they're literally real housewives. They're messy

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Speaker 1: bitches who live for drama, concocting schemes. I'm imagining white

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Speaker 1: wine throwing up people's faces. Can you imagine? They're literally evil? Yeah,

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Speaker 1: they're monsters and and yeah, probably reasoning is a white

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Speaker 1: run one. That's a German white That's exactly it. You're right,

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Speaker 1: reasoning be like, you know what we've had to do

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Speaker 1: because I'm not here to make friends, you know what

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Speaker 1: I mean, that's what they're giving. And that's a good

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Speaker 1: T shirt. Ludendorf and Hendenburg basic bitches of the German

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Speaker 1: general staff. So these guys decide to lie and say

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Speaker 1: that Germany had lost the war because it had been

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Speaker 1: betrayed from within by democratic by which they meant Jewish politicians. Uh.

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Speaker 1: In November nineteen nineteen, Hendenburg and Ludendorff testified together at

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Speaker 1: a national hearing to determine why Germany had lost the war.

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Speaker 1: They showed up in civilian clothes rather than their military uniforms, because,

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Speaker 1: they explained, the mostly social Democrat leaders they were testifying

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Speaker 1: before didn't deserve to see them in uniform. Okay, it's

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Speaker 1: not you mean doing nobody no favors so Hendenberg refused

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Speaker 1: to answer questions that were asked of him and instead

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Speaker 1: read a statement that he had written. In this statement,

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Speaker 1: he claimed that Germany could have won up until the

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Speaker 1: last minute, but quote divergent party interests caused a quote

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Speaker 1: disintegration of our will to conquer. In other words, left

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Speaker 1: wing politicians and communists had lost the war for Germany.

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Speaker 1: Hendenburgh ended his statement by claiming the German army was

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Speaker 1: stabbed in the back. My god. Now, if you've studied

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Speaker 1: the Nazis, you know that a major part of Hitler's

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Speaker 1: rise to power was is use of the stabbed in

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Speaker 1: the back myth that Germany had been stabbed in the

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Speaker 1: back by leftists and Jews, and that that's why they've

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Speaker 1: lost the war. This is one of the things that

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Speaker 1: helped propel Hitler in the Nazis into power. But that's

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Speaker 1: skipping ahead to the future. So Mattia Sersberger goes in

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Speaker 1: signs the armistice with literally with tears in his eyes

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Speaker 1: because he's a patriotic German, and then gets you know,

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Speaker 1: rolled over on by Hennenberg and Ludendorff, and he gets

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Speaker 1: assassinated in shot for being a traitor to the German nation.

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Speaker 1: My god, this literally I can't you know what. I

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Speaker 1: wish I had something, you know, pithy and brilliant to say,

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Speaker 1: but it's that I can't because especially when you read

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Speaker 1: the receipts, you know what I'm saying, it's all one

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Speaker 1: long receipt It's like, didn't nobody with power have in power,

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Speaker 1: Like nobody in that position, Like nobody could be like,

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Speaker 1: this is not real, this is a lie Mattiaze, why

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Speaker 1: don't you go move somewhere, babe, maybe just for a

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Speaker 1: little while, let's stuff cool off. But they were like, nope,

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Speaker 1: got to kill him. Yeah, And it was just some

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Speaker 1: it was somebody who hated him because he betrayed the

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Speaker 1: country by doing what was asked by do by saving

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Speaker 1: the German army from being completely Anni. Yeah. Yeah, yeah. No,

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Speaker 1: he's like legitimately like heroic person who just like I said,

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Speaker 1: he might be the most fucked over anyone's been in

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Speaker 1: the street of politics. He's certainly a candidate. Um. So

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Speaker 1: after the war, Ludendorf and Hindenberg split up. You know,

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Speaker 1: the band breaks up a little bit. Um Honestly, it's

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Speaker 1: gotten it's gotten too ugly, too dirty, you know, what

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Speaker 1: I mean. They can't look at each other without seeing themselves. Now,

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Speaker 1: which one of them do you think is the Lenin?

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Speaker 1: And which one of them do you think is the McCartney,

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Speaker 1: the Lennen Ludendorff right, No, I think you are right. Actually, um,

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Speaker 1: Hindenberg did go into politics afterwards. We'll hear more about

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Speaker 1: him later. Ludendorff became an author and wrote a series

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Speaker 1: of books about how Germany could win the next war.

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Speaker 1: He concluded that the only way for them to beat

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Speaker 1: the world the next time they fought the world was

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Speaker 1: to embrace what he called totalitarian war, which involved total

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Speaker 1: state control that could stop discent from the left or

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Speaker 1: from quote alien Jews inside Germany. Those who were too

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Speaker 1: weak to contribute to German victory, like the physically handicapped,

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Speaker 1: might need to be eliminated. See where this is going?

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Speaker 1: Are you picking up on some trails into this trailer?

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Speaker 1: So one of Ludendorf, the author's first fans, was a

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Speaker 1: young man named Adolf Hitler. Yeah, Ludendorff actually marched with

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Speaker 1: Hitler during his failed nineteen twenty three Munich beer hall Pusch.

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Speaker 1: This was actually Ludendorf's second coup in three years. He

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Speaker 1: also participated in the cap Putch, which was another right

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Speaker 1: wing attempt to take over the government in nineteen There

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Speaker 1: were a lot of coups in the Weimar Germany. They

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Speaker 1: just they just be cooing. That's just what they do. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: they be couping and doing what Yeah. Uh So. Hitler

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Speaker 1: and Ludendorff also had a falling on after the Pusch,

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Speaker 1: and when the Fewer finally rose to power, Ludendorff said, quote,

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Speaker 1: I solemnly prophesied that this accursed man will cast our

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Speaker 1: Reich into the Abyss and bring our nation to inconceivable misery.

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Speaker 1: Future generations will damn you in your grave for what

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Speaker 1: you have done, which is not wrong, not wrong at all.

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Speaker 1: But also it is a scorned man speaking. Yeah, you

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Speaker 1: know what I mean. He's only saying it because it's

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Speaker 1: like he don't like me no more, you know what

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Speaker 1: I mean, because he's not going to be the one

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Speaker 1: in power exactly, exactly. Yeah. And and also it's it's

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Speaker 1: worth noting that Ludendorff became too crazy for the Nazis.

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Speaker 1: And yeah, he became an Odonist and urged the destruction

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Speaker 1: of both Christianity and Judaism. Okay, now, how old is

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Speaker 1: Ludendorff around now, he's like in the sixties. I think

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Speaker 1: maybe sixties is like in that time. That's like literally

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Speaker 1: a hundred. Yeah, he's an old he's adult, he's extra.

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Speaker 1: He's coming in hot on a daily basis. Yeah, he's

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Speaker 1: always coming in hot, like I'm imagining, like he's I'm

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Speaker 1: seeing him in an arm chair, you know what I mean,

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Speaker 1: like with a Bruski kind of really having He's all

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Speaker 1: in the family moments and this this is the past.

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Speaker 1: So we have to assume that everyone here is drunk,

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Speaker 1: Like they're not drunk by twenties standards, but they're alcoholics

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Speaker 1: by modern standards. Because that was just the world. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: for survival, you needed your beer and your yeah right,

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Speaker 1: um so yeah, I mean this is the putch happened

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Speaker 1: in a beer hall. Everybody was drunk during most of

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Speaker 1: the except for Hitler of the enough. Oh yeah, he

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Speaker 1: was fucking razor sharp. Yeah he was well, he was

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Speaker 1: a teetotaller. I didn't like to drink. I did not

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Speaker 1: know every now and then you run into a history

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Speaker 1: of him having a couple of SIPs of champagne or something.

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Speaker 1: But he was famous when he would do these meetings

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Speaker 1: at beer holes. He would sip one beer the whole night,

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Speaker 1: like he wasn't he didn't like alcohol. I bet it

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Speaker 1: is because if he got drunk he started to cry.

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Speaker 1: I feel like he would drink and then he would

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Speaker 1: get all blubberry. He was like, see me, now, when

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Speaker 1: he's alone, he'll listen. He'll put on his area of

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Speaker 1: Grand records. And it was either that or Morrissey. Oh

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Speaker 1: so now it is probably a good time to talk

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Speaker 1: a little bit about the Weimar government, Like what have

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Speaker 1: you heard about Weimar Germany? Remember that's that's fine. I

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Speaker 1: can't remember it. I won't pretend to know. It's okay.

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Speaker 1: Are this should be like the story that I'm relating here,

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Speaker 1: I legitimately think might be the most important story in

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Speaker 1: human history, like how Hitler came to power. It's an

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Speaker 1: important story, right. We don't hear anything about it in

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Speaker 1: school because our schools are terrible. Um, but it's a

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Speaker 1: really important story. And so I'm gonna start by sort

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Speaker 1: of giving an overview of what the government of Weimar

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Speaker 1: Germany was like. This is the government that the Nazis destroyed.

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Speaker 1: The Weimar Constitution was written nine nineteen and It was

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Speaker 1: one of the most modern and enlightened governing documents ever

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Speaker 1: put into place. It included a perfectly proportional electoral system,

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Speaker 1: which ensured that their parliament exactly represented the will of

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Speaker 1: the people. So like like in our population, right like,

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Speaker 1: if we held an election and America voted for Democrat,

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Speaker 1: and of America voted for Republican and six percent voted

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Speaker 1: for an independent, for you would get that's what Congress

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Speaker 1: would be. That would divide the seats perfectly equally among

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Speaker 1: exactly how the popular vote broke down. That's how the

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Speaker 1: Weimar government is. That that's how the Reichstag is essentially organized. Um.

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Speaker 1: The Weimar Constitution also guaranteed every man and woman in

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Speaker 1: the country equal protection under the law and the right

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Speaker 1: to vote. Yeah. Women, women got the vote under the

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Speaker 1: Vomar constitution. Women were people. Yeah yeah. The most enlightened

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Speaker 1: government country in the world in the nineteen twenties was

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Speaker 1: Weimar Germany. They had the highest literacy, the highest amount

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Speaker 1: of education, the best schools, the best medical science. Social

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Speaker 1: justice movement surged in the Weimar years. The feminist movement

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Speaker 1: started advocating for abortion rights. This is the nineteen twenties,

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Speaker 1: Germany became home to the first prominent gay rights movement.

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Speaker 1: What are you telling me? Yeah, this is our Germany.

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Speaker 1: Magnus Hirschfeld, who was a scientist in Berlin, started publishing

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Speaker 1: the first research on healthcare for transgender men and women.

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Speaker 1: During this period of time. The pictures that you see

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Speaker 1: of Nazi book burnings, our Nazis burning Hirschfeld's library of

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Speaker 1: transgender research. What you're telling me, that's where they were

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Speaker 1: coming from. That's where this is what she went so

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Speaker 1: far south? How Well, we're about to get into how

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Speaker 1: but first we're gonna get into some ads. And before

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Speaker 1: we drop into the ads, I would like to do

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Speaker 1: an unofficial official ad for our unofficial official sponsor, Derrito's. Um.

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Speaker 1: What I can say for certain is that in the

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Speaker 1: years since the Derrito's product has entered the world supply chain,

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Speaker 1: there has never been another Hitler in charge of a country.

423
00:22:47,040 --> 00:22:49,040
Speaker 1: So I'm just gonna leave it there. I'm not gonna

424
00:22:49,080 --> 00:22:53,080
Speaker 1: say Rito's prevent Hitler, but we've never had a country

425
00:22:53,080 --> 00:22:55,840
Speaker 1: elected Hitler and have Dorritos on sale at the same time.

426
00:22:55,920 --> 00:22:58,879
Speaker 1: So let's get to the other ads that actually paid us.

427
00:23:05,800 --> 00:23:08,399
Speaker 1: All Right, we are back Now we have just talked

428
00:23:08,400 --> 00:23:12,240
Speaker 1: about given some background on Hindenberg and Ludendorff too, real

429
00:23:12,440 --> 00:23:15,840
Speaker 1: pieces of ship uh, And we have talked about how

430
00:23:15,920 --> 00:23:19,119
Speaker 1: from oar Germany was like pretty dope, pretty dope, and

431
00:23:19,160 --> 00:23:21,800
Speaker 1: I'm like, what, Yeah, that's not what I thought. It

432
00:23:21,840 --> 00:23:25,199
Speaker 1: was all I originally what I always assumed or partially

433
00:23:25,280 --> 00:23:27,120
Speaker 1: was taught. But it was like because they had lost

434
00:23:27,160 --> 00:23:29,760
Speaker 1: the war, you know, I mean, everyone's downtrodden and feeling shitty,

435
00:23:30,160 --> 00:23:32,080
Speaker 1: which is why then someone could come to power and

436
00:23:32,080 --> 00:23:33,960
Speaker 1: be like, I got two answers and don't get rid

437
00:23:34,000 --> 00:23:36,280
Speaker 1: of a whole bunch of people. And that's usually how

438
00:23:36,320 --> 00:23:38,520
Speaker 1: it's portrayed. That is an aspect of the story, but

439
00:23:38,560 --> 00:23:40,320
Speaker 1: that is not the whole story of that. Like the

440
00:23:40,359 --> 00:23:42,240
Speaker 1: city like Berlin, if you were if you were a

441
00:23:42,240 --> 00:23:45,440
Speaker 1: gay person in nineteen twenty, maybe the best place in

442
00:23:45,480 --> 00:23:48,920
Speaker 1: the world to live would be Berlin. Now, rural Germany

443
00:23:49,160 --> 00:23:51,399
Speaker 1: very different, and they didn't. We'll get into some of

444
00:23:51,440 --> 00:23:54,720
Speaker 1: that a little bit later. But the parts of Germany

445
00:23:54,800 --> 00:23:59,359
Speaker 1: that were big urban cities were incredibly progressive and it

446
00:23:59,520 --> 00:24:01,800
Speaker 1: is now yeah, and it is now still It's it's

447
00:24:01,840 --> 00:24:04,560
Speaker 1: come back around to them. The Nazis really messed that

448
00:24:04,640 --> 00:24:06,960
Speaker 1: up for a while. And in fact, Hitler always hated

449
00:24:06,960 --> 00:24:09,520
Speaker 1: the city of Berlin because it was a hotbed of

450
00:24:09,720 --> 00:24:12,879
Speaker 1: social justice and progressives and all that stuff, which is

451
00:24:12,920 --> 00:24:14,880
Speaker 1: part of why he was fine with it being destroyed

452
00:24:14,920 --> 00:24:17,080
Speaker 1: at the end of World War Two. Yeah, he was

453
00:24:17,119 --> 00:24:19,880
Speaker 1: never a big fan of the city. So back into

454
00:24:19,920 --> 00:24:23,240
Speaker 1: the tale. Friedrich Ebert was elected the first president of

455
00:24:23,280 --> 00:24:27,320
Speaker 1: Imar Germany on January nineteenth, nineteen nineteen, which is that's

456
00:24:27,359 --> 00:24:30,199
Speaker 1: a lot of nineteens. I guess it's just three but

457
00:24:30,240 --> 00:24:39,320
Speaker 1: it seems like a lot. But it's like, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah,

458
00:24:39,359 --> 00:24:45,360
Speaker 1: I need your theories, Alien Jesus Krishna, that's my theory.

459
00:24:45,800 --> 00:24:47,600
Speaker 1: This is a secret sign from them. You're not good

460
00:24:47,640 --> 00:24:49,959
Speaker 1: at concy theory. I'm not. I'm not. The Only one

461
00:24:49,960 --> 00:24:52,959
Speaker 1: I really believe in is that Ringo secretly wrote all

462
00:24:52,960 --> 00:24:56,960
Speaker 1: of the Beatles music. He's just a humble guy. Honestly,

463
00:24:57,160 --> 00:24:59,440
Speaker 1: he wants everyone to think he's useless. Let's give Ringo

464
00:24:59,520 --> 00:25:03,760
Speaker 1: that ball, but let live for him. So Friedrich ebert

465
00:25:03,800 --> 00:25:07,399
Speaker 1: Social Democratic Party held of the vote in nineteen nineteen,

466
00:25:07,480 --> 00:25:11,280
Speaker 1: which was great, uh, considering was a proportional system. In total,

467
00:25:11,359 --> 00:25:14,680
Speaker 1: three quarters of Germans voted for progressive candidates after World

468
00:25:14,720 --> 00:25:17,199
Speaker 1: War One, So the vast majority of Germans are on

469
00:25:17,240 --> 00:25:19,080
Speaker 1: the left or the far left at the time that

470
00:25:19,160 --> 00:25:21,480
Speaker 1: the First World War ends, which makes sense. The right

471
00:25:21,520 --> 00:25:24,920
Speaker 1: had not exactly led Germany to victory in that war. Now,

472
00:25:25,000 --> 00:25:26,840
Speaker 1: there was a downside to all of this, to the

473
00:25:26,920 --> 00:25:30,200
Speaker 1: system that they had created. The Weimar Constitution allowed for

474
00:25:30,240 --> 00:25:32,560
Speaker 1: a president who acted as head of state and had

475
00:25:32,600 --> 00:25:34,760
Speaker 1: to appoint a chancellor who actually did more of the

476
00:25:34,800 --> 00:25:36,879
Speaker 1: work that we would associate with like our kind of

477
00:25:36,880 --> 00:25:41,240
Speaker 1: a president. Essentially, like the president, chancellor split the duties

478
00:25:41,280 --> 00:25:44,000
Speaker 1: that we just put in a president. Right, So the

479
00:25:44,119 --> 00:25:47,040
Speaker 1: chancellor could only govern with the consent of the parliament.

480
00:25:47,280 --> 00:25:49,960
Speaker 1: So the chancellor was appointed by the president, but Parliament

481
00:25:50,000 --> 00:25:52,120
Speaker 1: had to want him to stay there, and if most

482
00:25:52,119 --> 00:25:54,560
Speaker 1: of Parliament said they didn't like him, they had he

483
00:25:54,600 --> 00:25:57,720
Speaker 1: had to go, oh yeah, so that's the way this works.

484
00:25:58,359 --> 00:26:00,119
Speaker 1: Uh So he's got to many people like him. All

485
00:26:00,119 --> 00:26:01,879
Speaker 1: the time, he's gonna yeah, he's like on you know,

486
00:26:01,880 --> 00:26:06,240
Speaker 1: he's constantly campaigning it. And if the chancellor is kicked out,

487
00:26:06,320 --> 00:26:10,879
Speaker 1: essentially the president can dissolve the government, which means they

488
00:26:10,880 --> 00:26:12,439
Speaker 1: have to hold which means they have to hold an

489
00:26:12,480 --> 00:26:15,720
Speaker 1: election immediately to there's no reason in my mind. He

490
00:26:15,760 --> 00:26:17,560
Speaker 1: was just like, fine, we're done here, like a giant

491
00:26:17,600 --> 00:26:19,879
Speaker 1: tantrum where he was like, no more government, okay, we're

492
00:26:19,920 --> 00:26:23,359
Speaker 1: saying a rebuild, yeah, which which sounds okay, but it

493
00:26:23,400 --> 00:26:25,280
Speaker 1: means there were times where they would have two or

494
00:26:25,359 --> 00:26:28,000
Speaker 1: three elections in a year, or like two elections in

495
00:26:28,000 --> 00:26:30,320
Speaker 1: a year where the whole government has to run for

496
00:26:30,359 --> 00:26:32,480
Speaker 1: election again on the drop of a hat, which isn't

497
00:26:32,520 --> 00:26:37,359
Speaker 1: great for stabilities. Um. So you can see how this

498
00:26:37,440 --> 00:26:40,080
Speaker 1: constitution both gave everyone a voice, which is good, but

499
00:26:40,160 --> 00:26:43,280
Speaker 1: also caused a huge amount of fragmentation and chaos. And

500
00:26:43,320 --> 00:26:46,560
Speaker 1: it meant that in order to get anything done, multiple

501
00:26:46,680 --> 00:26:49,399
Speaker 1: parties had to work together and form a coalition so

502
00:26:49,440 --> 00:26:52,879
Speaker 1: a chancellor could keep his job and stuff could happen. Right,

503
00:26:53,040 --> 00:26:55,680
Speaker 1: But that's good, a nice little coalition. Next, it can

504
00:26:55,760 --> 00:26:58,360
Speaker 1: be good. It can be good, And that had been

505
00:26:58,400 --> 00:27:01,240
Speaker 1: The guy who wrote the Constitute was a Jewish dude

506
00:27:01,280 --> 00:27:04,520
Speaker 1: actually named Hugo Prous and he had planned initially on

507
00:27:04,640 --> 00:27:07,800
Speaker 1: sort of copying the US Constitution, but then he got

508
00:27:07,800 --> 00:27:10,840
Speaker 1: a look at the US Congress and how deadlock it was. Yeah,

509
00:27:10,920 --> 00:27:13,359
Speaker 1: he told interviewers later quote, it was plain that your

510
00:27:13,400 --> 00:27:16,040
Speaker 1: system had faults which we should try to avoid. So

511
00:27:16,119 --> 00:27:19,960
Speaker 1: he built this trying to avoid America style gridlock, and

512
00:27:20,680 --> 00:27:23,280
Speaker 1: he wound up creating another system that caused even more gridlock.

513
00:27:23,920 --> 00:27:26,960
Speaker 1: That wasn't his intention. He's not a bastard in this.

514
00:27:27,040 --> 00:27:29,240
Speaker 1: He was really trying. It's hard. It's hard. It's hard

515
00:27:29,240 --> 00:27:32,440
Speaker 1: to make a government. Yeah. So this is why I

516
00:27:32,480 --> 00:27:35,119
Speaker 1: think this is the most important story in history, because

517
00:27:35,119 --> 00:27:37,199
Speaker 1: in the space of about a decade or so, the

518
00:27:37,200 --> 00:27:39,879
Speaker 1: Weimar government went from the most progressive government in human

519
00:27:39,920 --> 00:27:44,880
Speaker 1: history to Nazis, and understanding how that happened is really critical. Um.

520
00:27:44,920 --> 00:27:46,520
Speaker 1: A lot of the blame for this goes to the

521
00:27:46,560 --> 00:27:49,280
Speaker 1: Social Democratic Party. They were the largest party in post

522
00:27:49,280 --> 00:27:51,360
Speaker 1: war Germany, as I had already stated, but they've been

523
00:27:51,400 --> 00:27:54,480
Speaker 1: even larger before World War One had broke out. So

524
00:27:54,640 --> 00:27:57,960
Speaker 1: in nineteen twelve, the Social Democrats had been the largest

525
00:27:58,119 --> 00:28:01,040
Speaker 1: socialist party anywhere on the and it they had more

526
00:28:01,040 --> 00:28:04,359
Speaker 1: than a million members when World War One came around, though,

527
00:28:04,480 --> 00:28:08,760
Speaker 1: rather than condemning the war, as socialists to do, they

528
00:28:08,800 --> 00:28:11,600
Speaker 1: supported their troops and the country, and they voted yes

529
00:28:11,600 --> 00:28:14,800
Speaker 1: on the war and yes on massively increased military budgets.

530
00:28:15,440 --> 00:28:20,399
Speaker 1: This cost them Yeah what yeah, yeah, this cost them

531
00:28:20,440 --> 00:28:23,000
Speaker 1: a lot of support. By nineteen nineteen, they were down

532
00:28:23,000 --> 00:28:25,320
Speaker 1: to a quarter of a million voters. Most of the

533
00:28:25,359 --> 00:28:28,720
Speaker 1: people who left the Social Democrats either swung swung very

534
00:28:28,760 --> 00:28:30,840
Speaker 1: far to the left and either joined the Communist Party

535
00:28:30,960 --> 00:28:33,560
Speaker 1: or an independent left wing party that was further left

536
00:28:33,560 --> 00:28:36,520
Speaker 1: than the Social Democrats. So even with all that they

537
00:28:36,560 --> 00:28:38,440
Speaker 1: had lost it to the war, the Social Democrats were

538
00:28:38,480 --> 00:28:40,720
Speaker 1: still in a strong position in nineteen nineteen. The nails

539
00:28:40,720 --> 00:28:42,920
Speaker 1: weren't really hammered into their coffin until the end of

540
00:28:43,000 --> 00:28:46,000
Speaker 1: nineteen nineteen and early nineteen twenty, when the terms of

541
00:28:46,000 --> 00:28:48,560
Speaker 1: the Treaty of Versailles became public. This was the same

542
00:28:48,560 --> 00:28:51,440
Speaker 1: time Ludendorff and Hennenburgh started spreading that stabbed in the

543
00:28:51,480 --> 00:28:55,480
Speaker 1: back myth. So if the Social Democrats have been ballsy

544
00:28:55,520 --> 00:28:57,480
Speaker 1: enough to refuse to support the war in August of

545
00:28:57,560 --> 00:28:59,600
Speaker 1: nineteen fourteen, they would have had a leg to stand on.

546
00:28:59,720 --> 00:29:02,680
Speaker 1: And it's not true that all of Germany supported World

547
00:29:02,680 --> 00:29:05,720
Speaker 1: War One. The largest protests in German history up to

548
00:29:05,760 --> 00:29:08,440
Speaker 1: that point occurred in the run up to the war.

549
00:29:08,520 --> 00:29:10,560
Speaker 1: There were people gathering in the street to support it.

550
00:29:10,760 --> 00:29:13,080
Speaker 1: But there was a hundred thousand people marched in Berlin

551
00:29:13,160 --> 00:29:16,160
Speaker 1: against starting World War One, so there was It was

552
00:29:16,240 --> 00:29:19,120
Speaker 1: not it was not necessarily a dreamed proposition. It is

553
00:29:19,120 --> 00:29:21,920
Speaker 1: a myth that everyone was in favor of their being

554
00:29:21,960 --> 00:29:24,600
Speaker 1: a war. Well I'm not really and I'm really getting

555
00:29:24,600 --> 00:29:27,320
Speaker 1: whoever is in favor of a war. I don't even

556
00:29:27,400 --> 00:29:31,480
Speaker 1: understand how it's the best idea. Well, you gotta, I

557
00:29:31,480 --> 00:29:34,360
Speaker 1: mean back then, um, number one, there was this this

558
00:29:34,440 --> 00:29:37,680
Speaker 1: long European history of war being glorious and a thing

559
00:29:37,720 --> 00:29:40,840
Speaker 1: that makes men and the men. But I mean, come on,

560
00:29:41,720 --> 00:29:44,880
Speaker 1: we don't have any medicine. They're putting back on a

561
00:29:45,040 --> 00:29:48,200
Speaker 1: damn wound. I mean, anybody who lives to tell the

562
00:29:48,280 --> 00:29:52,280
Speaker 1: war tale is terrifying to look at. You gotta think, though,

563
00:29:52,440 --> 00:29:57,640
Speaker 1: these guys, all of modern European military experience was fighting people.

564
00:29:57,680 --> 00:30:02,280
Speaker 1: They were colonizing with machine guns, so they would have yeah, exactly.

565
00:30:02,800 --> 00:30:04,840
Speaker 1: So that's what their view of war was, and everyone

566
00:30:04,880 --> 00:30:07,600
Speaker 1: thought it was gonna be war is easy. They keep

567
00:30:07,640 --> 00:30:10,320
Speaker 1: trying to give us. Well, but not everybody thought that way.

568
00:30:10,440 --> 00:30:12,680
Speaker 1: Enough people had like looked at the American Civil War

569
00:30:12,840 --> 00:30:14,760
Speaker 1: to know they're like, oh god, this is gonna be

570
00:30:14,800 --> 00:30:17,640
Speaker 1: bad if we all start fighting. Let's not do this.

571
00:30:18,240 --> 00:30:20,960
Speaker 1: But nobody listened to them, and the Social Democrats didn't

572
00:30:21,040 --> 00:30:23,800
Speaker 1: have the guts to stand up and say this is

573
00:30:23,800 --> 00:30:27,160
Speaker 1: a dumb idea. So rather than being known as the

574
00:30:27,200 --> 00:30:29,760
Speaker 1: party who had tried to stop Germany from getting into

575
00:30:29,800 --> 00:30:31,800
Speaker 1: a losing war, at the end of the war, they

576
00:30:31,800 --> 00:30:34,320
Speaker 1: were just one of the other groups who had supported

577
00:30:34,360 --> 00:30:37,360
Speaker 1: the worst disaster in German history. UH. And then they

578
00:30:37,360 --> 00:30:40,520
Speaker 1: wound up escapegoats. UH sacrificed on the altar of Paul

579
00:30:40,560 --> 00:30:44,160
Speaker 1: von Hendenburgh's legacy. So over the next year, the Social

580
00:30:44,160 --> 00:30:48,120
Speaker 1: Democratic you know, nineteen nineteen, nineteen twenty or so y one,

581
00:30:48,120 --> 00:30:50,320
Speaker 1: the Social Democratic share of the vote dropped from like

582
00:30:51,200 --> 00:30:55,520
Speaker 1: to around um. Now this time the members who left them,

583
00:30:55,760 --> 00:30:57,840
Speaker 1: a lot of those people split right and joined the

584
00:30:57,840 --> 00:31:01,240
Speaker 1: German People's Party or the German National Party. Now, both

585
00:31:01,280 --> 00:31:04,959
Speaker 1: of these were fairly and very conservative parties, respectively. And

586
00:31:04,960 --> 00:31:06,920
Speaker 1: this brings us to the next group of bastards who

587
00:31:06,920 --> 00:31:11,640
Speaker 1: guaranteed Hitler's rise to power, Germany's conservatives. So a lot

588
00:31:11,680 --> 00:31:13,840
Speaker 1: of different people had to funk up, like the Social

589
00:31:13,880 --> 00:31:17,320
Speaker 1: Democrats and like Heinnenberg and Ludendorff to make Nazi domination possible.

590
00:31:17,360 --> 00:31:18,840
Speaker 1: But the simple fact is that none of the other

591
00:31:18,840 --> 00:31:22,120
Speaker 1: funk ups would have mattered as much if a sizeable

592
00:31:22,160 --> 00:31:24,920
Speaker 1: percentage of the German center right hadn't decided that the

593
00:31:25,000 --> 00:31:28,920
Speaker 1: Nazis seemed okay. Now, these people were overwhelmingly not folks

594
00:31:28,920 --> 00:31:32,600
Speaker 1: who considered themselves Nazis. William Schier, who was the author

595
00:31:32,680 --> 00:31:34,400
Speaker 1: of The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich and

596
00:31:34,480 --> 00:31:37,440
Speaker 1: was an American journalist who lived in Germany during the

597
00:31:37,520 --> 00:31:40,000
Speaker 1: rise of the Nazi Party. He interviewed Hitler a bunch

598
00:31:40,040 --> 00:31:42,520
Speaker 1: of times. He interviewed like every figure that we're talking

599
00:31:42,560 --> 00:31:45,560
Speaker 1: about today, he talked to them, so he's an authoritative source.

600
00:31:45,600 --> 00:31:47,080
Speaker 1: And what the hell was going on in Germany in

601
00:31:47,120 --> 00:31:49,920
Speaker 1: this period of time, he wrote, quote in the Former

602
00:31:49,960 --> 00:31:53,200
Speaker 1: Austrian Vagabond. The conservative classes thought they had found a

603
00:31:53,240 --> 00:31:56,080
Speaker 1: man who, while remaining their prisoner, would help them attain

604
00:31:56,120 --> 00:31:59,920
Speaker 1: their goals. These goals were multifaceted. The wealthy businessmen and

605
00:32:00,040 --> 00:32:03,000
Speaker 1: industrialists wanted the Nazis to destroy the unions and roll back,

606
00:32:03,200 --> 00:32:08,080
Speaker 1: essentially the minimum wage. Social conservatives, like Germany's many Protestant voters,

607
00:32:08,160 --> 00:32:10,360
Speaker 1: wanted the Nazi help in winning a culture war with

608
00:32:10,400 --> 00:32:12,960
Speaker 1: the left. Here's how another wonderful book called The Death

609
00:32:12,960 --> 00:32:16,320
Speaker 1: of Democracy describes it. In part, this war was over

610
00:32:16,360 --> 00:32:20,280
Speaker 1: newer forms of art in literature, socially critical theater, novels

611
00:32:20,280 --> 00:32:23,960
Speaker 1: that dealt frankly with sex expressionist painting. In part it

612
00:32:24,040 --> 00:32:26,760
Speaker 1: was about anxiety over new forms of media, such as

613
00:32:26,800 --> 00:32:30,800
Speaker 1: films and mass circulation newspapers, their pages filled with sports, crime,

614
00:32:30,800 --> 00:32:34,000
Speaker 1: and scandal rather than politics and diplomacy. Sometimes it was

615
00:32:34,040 --> 00:32:37,120
Speaker 1: about social changes. The growing feminist in gay movements were

616
00:32:37,200 --> 00:32:49,600
Speaker 1: challenging straight male identities. Well I'm going to let the

617
00:32:49,680 --> 00:32:55,120
Speaker 1: quote speak to the listener, however they choose to hear it. Yeah, yeah,

618
00:32:55,240 --> 00:32:58,080
Speaker 1: we'll we'll talk a little more openly once we've gotten

619
00:32:58,080 --> 00:33:01,000
Speaker 1: through all this. Uh yeah. So many conservative voters were

620
00:33:01,040 --> 00:33:03,959
Speaker 1: rural again. They felt separated and excluded from life in cities,

621
00:33:03,960 --> 00:33:06,040
Speaker 1: Like they all just like beat at a house party.

622
00:33:06,080 --> 00:33:10,160
Speaker 1: They're all jelly in Berlin where the ship was popping,

623
00:33:09,920 --> 00:33:12,200
Speaker 1: going down, I was going down, you know, you like

624
00:33:12,440 --> 00:33:13,840
Speaker 1: I want to go to a party, you know what I

625
00:33:13,800 --> 00:33:16,480
Speaker 1: I mean. It just had some rural house parties, get

626
00:33:16,520 --> 00:33:20,360
Speaker 1: them jams going. They would have been like it's all love. Yeah, yeah,

627
00:33:21,720 --> 00:33:23,920
Speaker 1: the right amount of house parties in the right places,

628
00:33:23,960 --> 00:33:27,360
Speaker 1: the right amount of house parties. I'm getting into politics.

629
00:33:27,400 --> 00:33:30,600
Speaker 1: If only they'd had burning Man back then, it could

630
00:33:30,600 --> 00:33:35,200
Speaker 1: have really helped out a burning black forest or wherever something.

631
00:33:35,360 --> 00:33:38,600
Speaker 1: That's the only rural German place I know. But yeah,

632
00:33:38,800 --> 00:33:41,680
Speaker 1: conservative rural voters felt excluded from life in the cities

633
00:33:41,720 --> 00:33:45,000
Speaker 1: and felt like their concerns were being ignored by mainstream politicians,

634
00:33:45,000 --> 00:33:48,000
Speaker 1: which they were. One conservative landowner who didn't like the

635
00:33:48,080 --> 00:33:51,160
Speaker 1: Nazis justified his Nazi vote by saying he was quote

636
00:33:51,280 --> 00:33:53,800
Speaker 1: hopeful of relief measures by a Hitler cabinet for the

637
00:33:53,840 --> 00:33:56,760
Speaker 1: depressed agriculture of the East. It was hard for farmers.

638
00:33:57,120 --> 00:33:58,840
Speaker 1: He didn't agree with everything Hitler had to say, but

639
00:33:58,880 --> 00:34:01,720
Speaker 1: he thought quote the army and the forces of conservatism

640
00:34:01,720 --> 00:34:06,160
Speaker 1: would suffice to prevent a one party Nazi dictatorship. Okay,

641
00:34:06,160 --> 00:34:09,880
Speaker 1: we also but also a but also he was worried

642
00:34:09,880 --> 00:34:13,520
Speaker 1: about his the agriculture. Yeah, he's a farmer. I give

643
00:34:13,560 --> 00:34:18,439
Speaker 1: that part. My question being were they talking about helping farmers? Yeah, yeah, yeah,

644
00:34:18,440 --> 00:34:19,799
Speaker 1: that was a big like that was one of they

645
00:34:19,800 --> 00:34:21,719
Speaker 1: were saying. They were saying, they were like, okay, we

646
00:34:21,840 --> 00:34:25,480
Speaker 1: got you Yeah, the Nazis were very much back to

647
00:34:25,520 --> 00:34:29,880
Speaker 1: the land movement. Okay, they were. That was part of

648
00:34:29,920 --> 00:34:32,440
Speaker 1: their ruts. And in fact, one of the things the

649
00:34:32,520 --> 00:34:34,840
Speaker 1: Nazis did was they were part of this like Hitler

650
00:34:34,880 --> 00:34:36,640
Speaker 1: youth thing where they were mobilizing the kids, as they

651
00:34:36,640 --> 00:34:39,640
Speaker 1: would have young men from the city's This was during

652
00:34:39,640 --> 00:34:41,080
Speaker 1: when the Nazis were in charge. They would have them

653
00:34:41,120 --> 00:34:43,439
Speaker 1: go out to farms and basically act as free labor

654
00:34:43,480 --> 00:34:45,680
Speaker 1: for the farmers. It was seen as toughening up the

655
00:34:45,719 --> 00:34:47,400
Speaker 1: young boys to get them ready for the army, and

656
00:34:47,440 --> 00:34:50,120
Speaker 1: it was also helped out the farmers. So the Nazis

657
00:34:50,160 --> 00:34:54,320
Speaker 1: were very big on helping rural farmers. Yeah, that was

658
00:34:54,360 --> 00:34:57,560
Speaker 1: a big part of their political stance. Yeah. So other

659
00:34:57,640 --> 00:35:00,000
Speaker 1: non Nazi conservatives gave their support to Hitler and we're

660
00:35:00,000 --> 00:35:03,560
Speaker 1: tangible ways. One such man was Victor von Kerber, a

661
00:35:03,600 --> 00:35:07,640
Speaker 1: Northern German aristocrat, war hero and right wing political pundit. Now,

662
00:35:07,719 --> 00:35:10,560
Speaker 1: Kerber did not like Hitler, but Hitler liked the cachet

663
00:35:10,560 --> 00:35:12,960
Speaker 1: that Kerber had with the right wing. So the Future

664
00:35:13,040 --> 00:35:17,319
Speaker 1: Fewer made Victor an offer he couldn't refuse. Hitler wanted

665
00:35:17,320 --> 00:35:19,799
Speaker 1: to use Kerber's name and pretended that Kerber was the

666
00:35:19,840 --> 00:35:22,560
Speaker 1: author of a biography on Hitler that Hitler himself had

667
00:35:22,600 --> 00:35:26,720
Speaker 1: written by basically mashing a bunch of his speeches together.

668
00:35:26,840 --> 00:35:29,279
Speaker 1: The thrust of the book was how Hitler's experiences as

669
00:35:29,320 --> 00:35:31,399
Speaker 1: a young man and a soldier had revealed to him

670
00:35:31,440 --> 00:35:34,400
Speaker 1: the path by which he could make Germany great again. Now,

671
00:35:34,719 --> 00:35:37,120
Speaker 1: to Hitler, this was a chance to reverse a mistake

672
00:35:37,160 --> 00:35:39,160
Speaker 1: he'd made hard, as it is put to believe now,

673
00:35:39,200 --> 00:35:41,520
Speaker 1: in the early nineteen twenties, Hitler's face was not well

674
00:35:41,560 --> 00:35:44,239
Speaker 1: known outside of Bavaria. He had actually refused to be

675
00:35:44,320 --> 00:35:46,359
Speaker 1: photographed a lot of the time and tried to use

676
00:35:46,400 --> 00:35:49,120
Speaker 1: only his voice to win power. By the mid twenty

677
00:35:49,640 --> 00:35:52,239
Speaker 1: because he was like I'm busted. He like knew he

678
00:35:52,280 --> 00:35:54,960
Speaker 1: was busted. Yeah, he knew he was a weird look

679
00:35:54,960 --> 00:35:58,120
Speaker 1: and do Yeah. By the mid twenties, he'd realized that

680
00:35:58,120 --> 00:36:00,960
Speaker 1: this was a bad strategy and he needed to brand himself.

681
00:36:01,000 --> 00:36:03,600
Speaker 1: His strategy to do that started with by releasing this

682
00:36:03,760 --> 00:36:08,880
Speaker 1: secretly an autobiography biography under Kerber's name. Obviously, if he

683
00:36:08,880 --> 00:36:10,600
Speaker 1: published it under his own name, it would have seemed

684
00:36:10,640 --> 00:36:13,719
Speaker 1: like narcissism. H Kerber's name was a shield and a

685
00:36:13,760 --> 00:36:16,440
Speaker 1: trojan horse to convince other conservatives that Hitler was not

686
00:36:16,520 --> 00:36:20,080
Speaker 1: too radical for them to support. Now, this one coming

687
00:36:20,080 --> 00:36:22,680
Speaker 1: out after the Beer Hall push, when stuff was banned

688
00:36:22,719 --> 00:36:25,239
Speaker 1: in Germany. So the book was banned not super long

689
00:36:25,280 --> 00:36:27,720
Speaker 1: after its release. It's hard to say how much support

690
00:36:27,800 --> 00:36:30,239
Speaker 1: it won him, but it was part of a successful

691
00:36:30,280 --> 00:36:33,879
Speaker 1: strategy that made Hitler acceptable to the right right because

692
00:36:33,880 --> 00:36:35,319
Speaker 1: it was basically like, oh my god, did you read

693
00:36:35,320 --> 00:36:37,319
Speaker 1: that new Kerber joint? Yeah, it was just one of

694
00:36:37,360 --> 00:36:39,960
Speaker 1: the and its kind. You know, it's starts a whisper campaign.

695
00:36:40,040 --> 00:36:42,640
Speaker 1: People are buzzing everything here. Victor von Kerber wrote a

696
00:36:42,640 --> 00:36:44,839
Speaker 1: book about this guy. He's a pretty reasonable dude. Yeah,

697
00:36:45,320 --> 00:36:47,560
Speaker 1: that's how you get That's how you get him. So

698
00:36:47,719 --> 00:36:50,279
Speaker 1: Victor von Kerber lived to regret helping out Hitler. He

699
00:36:50,360 --> 00:36:53,319
Speaker 1: eventually became an ardent ant anti Nazi and even helped

700
00:36:53,320 --> 00:36:56,279
Speaker 1: smuggle a German Jew out of Germany. He spied on

701
00:36:56,360 --> 00:36:58,600
Speaker 1: behalf of the British and was until he was caught

702
00:36:58,640 --> 00:37:01,279
Speaker 1: and thrown in a concentration am. He nearly died there.

703
00:37:01,640 --> 00:37:04,319
Speaker 1: So he did his best to make it right, but

704
00:37:06,160 --> 00:37:09,719
Speaker 1: were still in power. Yeah, uh, Conservatives didn't need to

705
00:37:09,760 --> 00:37:12,359
Speaker 1: help the Nazis directly to still help the Nazis. Take

706
00:37:12,400 --> 00:37:15,640
Speaker 1: the example of Edgar Julius Young. Now, he was a

707
00:37:15,719 --> 00:37:18,080
Speaker 1: right wing pundit as well and a provocateur who became

708
00:37:18,120 --> 00:37:20,960
Speaker 1: a champion of the Young Conservatives movement. Young is in

709
00:37:21,280 --> 00:37:23,040
Speaker 1: young an age, not as in his last name. I

710
00:37:23,040 --> 00:37:26,680
Speaker 1: know that's confusing uh movement in Germany, and it's confusing

711
00:37:26,719 --> 00:37:29,440
Speaker 1: also in German because the German word for like young

712
00:37:29,680 --> 00:37:34,480
Speaker 1: is like young man. Anyway, they didn't make it easy,

713
00:37:34,360 --> 00:37:36,879
Speaker 1: but didn't make it easy. It's it's messy. Yeah. So

714
00:37:37,640 --> 00:37:40,560
Speaker 1: Young wrote an entire book called The Rule of Inferiors

715
00:37:40,600 --> 00:37:43,560
Speaker 1: about white democracy was a bad idea. He considered the

716
00:37:43,560 --> 00:37:47,120
Speaker 1: Weimar Republic a quote belated breakthrough by the Enlightenment into

717
00:37:47,120 --> 00:37:50,200
Speaker 1: the middle of Europe. Germans needed to battle this, he said,

718
00:37:50,280 --> 00:37:54,279
Speaker 1: with tradition, blood and historical spirit. Now Young never liked

719
00:37:54,760 --> 00:37:58,320
Speaker 1: historical spirit. It's it's this the same thing as the

720
00:37:58,400 --> 00:38:02,160
Speaker 1: Hindenburg thing. My family for six warriors and YadA YadA,

721
00:38:02,200 --> 00:38:04,880
Speaker 1: YadA ya. Back when we were fighting people, we were

722
00:38:04,880 --> 00:38:08,560
Speaker 1: in college and I used to be weapons us. The

723
00:38:08,600 --> 00:38:10,359
Speaker 1: Germans didn't have that much of a history of that.

724
00:38:10,760 --> 00:38:12,839
Speaker 1: They didn't they didn't get into college and that they

725
00:38:12,880 --> 00:38:16,359
Speaker 1: did some, but they didn't get into colonial in that deep.

726
00:38:16,360 --> 00:38:17,560
Speaker 1: But I mean, but I don't know if you're thinking

727
00:38:17,600 --> 00:38:19,640
Speaker 1: about what you were saying though about you know, this

728
00:38:19,920 --> 00:38:23,919
Speaker 1: history of war back when war was glorious. Yeah, yeah, yeah,

729
00:38:24,200 --> 00:38:25,560
Speaker 1: but part of the glory, right, So you're saying that

730
00:38:25,600 --> 00:38:27,359
Speaker 1: more people lived and come back and tell tell the

731
00:38:27,360 --> 00:38:29,399
Speaker 1: tale of it. Yeah, they did, and it was not

732
00:38:29,840 --> 00:38:32,439
Speaker 1: It wasn't like a war would be a few big

733
00:38:32,480 --> 00:38:35,880
Speaker 1: battles and then whatever happens happens. It's not like we

734
00:38:35,960 --> 00:38:37,879
Speaker 1: came to knowing World War two where it's like we're

735
00:38:37,920 --> 00:38:40,839
Speaker 1: going to destroy the whole country to win this thing.

736
00:38:41,239 --> 00:38:45,000
Speaker 1: Like that's what war turned into. But historically it had

737
00:38:45,040 --> 00:38:47,080
Speaker 1: been more like we're gonna the army is gonna march

738
00:38:47,120 --> 00:38:48,759
Speaker 1: out and it will fight their army, and it will

739
00:38:48,800 --> 00:38:51,360
Speaker 1: be this big, heroic couple of days and then whatever

740
00:38:51,560 --> 00:38:54,520
Speaker 1: you know, there there will be a treaty and the

741
00:38:54,560 --> 00:38:58,239
Speaker 1: people who come home will have stories, which is legitimately

742
00:38:58,360 --> 00:39:01,040
Speaker 1: less terrifying than gonna have to stay in a trench

743
00:39:01,080 --> 00:39:03,279
Speaker 1: for four years and all your friends are gonna die, right,

744
00:39:04,360 --> 00:39:06,319
Speaker 1: good luck if you come back with legs. Yeah, you're

745
00:39:06,320 --> 00:39:08,480
Speaker 1: not you're If you get wounded, that's pretty much it

746
00:39:08,560 --> 00:39:12,040
Speaker 1: for you. For you because there's poop everywhere, There will

747
00:39:12,080 --> 00:39:16,040
Speaker 1: be poop in your wounds. We don't have medicine yet.

748
00:39:16,520 --> 00:39:20,359
Speaker 1: How do you feel about poop wound? Yeah? Yeah, you're

749
00:39:20,360 --> 00:39:23,640
Speaker 1: good with it? Great, sign your right up. Uh So.

750
00:39:23,760 --> 00:39:26,080
Speaker 1: Young never liked the Nazis, but he viewed them as

751
00:39:26,120 --> 00:39:29,160
Speaker 1: no worse than the Communists or the treacherous social Democrats.

752
00:39:29,200 --> 00:39:32,759
Speaker 1: They were all equally bad. But Young's writing played right

753
00:39:32,800 --> 00:39:35,200
Speaker 1: in the Nazi hands because he was like, we need

754
00:39:35,239 --> 00:39:38,040
Speaker 1: to destroy the current government. It's terrible. And the Nazi

755
00:39:38,120 --> 00:39:40,560
Speaker 1: code name for the Weimar Republic was the system. They

756
00:39:40,600 --> 00:39:43,919
Speaker 1: wanted the system destroyed, so did Young. He helped build

757
00:39:43,960 --> 00:39:47,320
Speaker 1: support for that idea among the moderate German right. Of course,

758
00:39:47,400 --> 00:39:50,160
Speaker 1: Young didn't want the system replaced by a fascist dictatorship,

759
00:39:50,200 --> 00:39:52,319
Speaker 1: and in fact, as he aged, he grew wiser and

760
00:39:52,360 --> 00:39:55,440
Speaker 1: came to support the establishment of a European Union, linking

761
00:39:55,520 --> 00:39:58,160
Speaker 1: all of Europe together to facilitate trade and travel and

762
00:39:58,200 --> 00:40:01,080
Speaker 1: make another World war impossible. He was horrified when the

763
00:40:01,120 --> 00:40:04,439
Speaker 1: Nazis took power. He reportedly told a journalist, now, I'd

764
00:40:04,480 --> 00:40:07,600
Speaker 1: like to throw my arms around every social democrat Young

765
00:40:07,640 --> 00:40:10,839
Speaker 1: became part of the anti Nazi resistance. He helped communists

766
00:40:10,840 --> 00:40:13,520
Speaker 1: and social democrats alike escaped Germany, and he wrote a

767
00:40:13,520 --> 00:40:16,520
Speaker 1: fiery anti Nazi speech that was delivered by a conservative

768
00:40:16,520 --> 00:40:19,720
Speaker 1: politician named Franz von Poppin at the University of Marburg.

769
00:40:20,040 --> 00:40:22,200
Speaker 1: For this, he was shot dead by the Nazis during

770
00:40:22,239 --> 00:40:26,359
Speaker 1: the Night of Long Knives. Yeah, yeah, so you know

771
00:40:27,120 --> 00:40:30,680
Speaker 1: there's consequences, consequencess like you bet to get you gotta

772
00:40:30,719 --> 00:40:33,280
Speaker 1: get hit quick. Nobody got time for you to figure

773
00:40:33,320 --> 00:40:36,480
Speaker 1: this out. Five seen years in. Yeah, trying to make

774
00:40:36,480 --> 00:40:39,680
Speaker 1: a chance, way too late by the time realized, of

775
00:40:39,719 --> 00:40:43,319
Speaker 1: course correction was necessary. But we're getting ahead of ourselves here.

776
00:40:43,400 --> 00:40:45,360
Speaker 1: Let's pull back a bit and talk about the Munich

777
00:40:45,360 --> 00:40:47,560
Speaker 1: beerhole punch. What do you know about that? I don't

778
00:40:47,560 --> 00:40:51,719
Speaker 1: know about no punch. Okay, well, Hitler tried to. So

779
00:40:51,880 --> 00:40:54,160
Speaker 1: I feel like, literally, whatever comments are gonna get all

780
00:40:54,160 --> 00:40:57,040
Speaker 1: this is like why did you have a dumb person? No? No, no, no,

781
00:40:57,840 --> 00:41:01,359
Speaker 1: you're not a dumb person. It's like fine, Like this

782
00:41:01,440 --> 00:41:04,719
Speaker 1: year alone, I've probably read eleven or twelve books on

783
00:41:04,760 --> 00:41:06,879
Speaker 1: this period of time, Like this is the thing. I'm

784
00:41:06,880 --> 00:41:09,839
Speaker 1: a nerd about right, So I I obsess over this,

785
00:41:10,000 --> 00:41:12,920
Speaker 1: but most people don't because everybody's got other ship to do,

786
00:41:12,960 --> 00:41:14,800
Speaker 1: and there's a lot of other things that are important

787
00:41:14,840 --> 00:41:18,000
Speaker 1: to know, Like I don't know much about capital gains taxes, right,

788
00:41:18,840 --> 00:41:20,480
Speaker 1: I think, well, and I guess if that you know.

789
00:41:20,480 --> 00:41:22,000
Speaker 1: Putting it that way, it's very sweet of you to say,

790
00:41:22,040 --> 00:41:24,840
Speaker 1: what do you know about the Munich beer beer hall pitch?

791
00:41:25,080 --> 00:41:27,919
Speaker 1: Because it implies that I could possibly And that's really

792
00:41:28,040 --> 00:41:30,600
Speaker 1: nice of you, you know, to come in here and say,

793
00:41:30,640 --> 00:41:33,520
Speaker 1: you know what, Maybe you know about this putch and

794
00:41:33,560 --> 00:41:36,600
Speaker 1: I just say I don't, but I appreciate you given

795
00:41:36,600 --> 00:41:38,480
Speaker 1: me that respect. Well, And if you don't know much

796
00:41:38,520 --> 00:41:41,600
Speaker 1: about it, most people probably don't, and it's it's important

797
00:41:41,680 --> 00:41:44,399
Speaker 1: for people to know about this. So in in nineteen three,

798
00:41:44,480 --> 00:41:47,680
Speaker 1: Hitler tried to take to seize control of the Weimar government.

799
00:41:47,960 --> 00:41:49,960
Speaker 1: It started with a speech in a beer hall in

800
00:41:50,040 --> 00:41:52,560
Speaker 1: Munich and the kidnapping of a bunch of local politicians.

801
00:41:53,080 --> 00:41:56,880
Speaker 1: Uh Eric Ludendorff was around and he helped convince Hitler

802
00:41:56,920 --> 00:41:59,880
Speaker 1: convince these politicians to support him, and then Hitler and

803
00:42:00,040 --> 00:42:03,280
Speaker 1: Ludendorff in about two thousand Nazis marched downtown to seize

804
00:42:03,320 --> 00:42:06,359
Speaker 1: control of the city. I was there maybe, yeah, he

805
00:42:06,440 --> 00:42:09,080
Speaker 1: was there, uh, and he hoped that this would Hitler

806
00:42:09,120 --> 00:42:11,400
Speaker 1: hope that seizing control of Munich would spark a domino

807
00:42:11,480 --> 00:42:13,640
Speaker 1: effect that would topple the Weimar government lead to an

808
00:42:13,719 --> 00:42:16,200
Speaker 1: establishment of a government that he was more you know,

809
00:42:16,400 --> 00:42:19,880
Speaker 1: down with. But the government officials that Hitler had kidnapped

810
00:42:19,920 --> 00:42:22,400
Speaker 1: basically turned on him the instant. He marched away and

811
00:42:22,600 --> 00:42:25,080
Speaker 1: called the police. The police set up a barricade, they

812
00:42:25,080 --> 00:42:28,480
Speaker 1: opened fire on the Nazis. Four cops and sixteen Nazis

813
00:42:28,520 --> 00:42:32,240
Speaker 1: were killed in the resulting skirmish. Hitler fled the scene

814
00:42:32,239 --> 00:42:34,920
Speaker 1: and hit out in the attic of his friend Putsy's house. No,

815
00:42:35,120 --> 00:42:39,120
Speaker 1: that bit didn't go on at it. No, Hitler did

816
00:42:39,160 --> 00:42:41,640
Speaker 1: not go a minute at it. Oh, it gets even

817
00:42:41,680 --> 00:42:45,160
Speaker 1: more embarrassing for Hitler. So Putsy, the friends whose attic

818
00:42:45,239 --> 00:42:47,560
Speaker 1: he was hanging in he also would have a friend

819
00:42:47,640 --> 00:42:51,759
Speaker 1: named put He totally were like, atic, can I chill

820
00:42:51,800 --> 00:42:54,080
Speaker 1: at your place? From trying to overthrow the government? Things

821
00:42:54,160 --> 00:42:59,480
Speaker 1: came in. It came in a little too hot. Um,

822
00:42:59,600 --> 00:43:03,359
Speaker 1: what a loser. So Putsy's real name was Ernest hump

823
00:43:03,600 --> 00:43:07,120
Speaker 1: Hunt Stengel, which I think I'm getting right. So, yeah,

824
00:43:07,360 --> 00:43:09,319
Speaker 1: I have no fucking idea. I assume if I knew

825
00:43:09,320 --> 00:43:11,760
Speaker 1: more German than I do, that it would make more sense.

826
00:43:11,800 --> 00:43:14,000
Speaker 1: But it does not, And I've never seen an explanation.

827
00:43:14,560 --> 00:43:17,240
Speaker 1: But that was his nickname. Ernest and his wife Helena

828
00:43:17,400 --> 00:43:21,120
Speaker 1: were two of Hitler's early supporters. Now, Helena isn't a bastard,

829
00:43:21,200 --> 00:43:23,640
Speaker 1: but she's definitely one of the people responsible for Hitler's

830
00:43:23,719 --> 00:43:25,840
Speaker 1: rise to power. He viewed her as a source of

831
00:43:25,840 --> 00:43:29,000
Speaker 1: emotional comfort during the difficult early years of the Nazi movement.

832
00:43:29,239 --> 00:43:31,719
Speaker 1: Here's a quote from the book n The Year that

833
00:43:31,800 --> 00:43:34,680
Speaker 1: made Hitler hunt. Stengel once walked into the living room

834
00:43:34,719 --> 00:43:37,320
Speaker 1: to find Hitler laying his head in Helena's lap and saying,

835
00:43:37,400 --> 00:43:39,440
Speaker 1: if only I had someone like you to take care

836
00:43:39,480 --> 00:43:42,520
Speaker 1: of me. Helena gently rebuked Hitler and removed his head.

837
00:43:42,640 --> 00:43:44,560
Speaker 1: She swore to her husband later that Hitler was no

838
00:43:44,640 --> 00:43:51,640
Speaker 1: man for any woman. Believe me, he is an absolute neuter. Oh,

839
00:43:52,520 --> 00:43:58,200
Speaker 1: Helena's spitting some fire, but also it all lines up,

840
00:43:58,640 --> 00:44:03,560
Speaker 1: you know what I'm saying, God? Yeah? Uh So. The

841
00:44:03,600 --> 00:44:06,280
Speaker 1: failed putsch was yet another time when Helena helped Hitler

842
00:44:06,400 --> 00:44:09,080
Speaker 1: keep going. She hit him under blankets and tried to

843
00:44:09,120 --> 00:44:11,480
Speaker 1: have him smuggled out of town by her friends. When

844
00:44:11,520 --> 00:44:13,399
Speaker 1: this failed, When the police showed up at her door,

845
00:44:13,440 --> 00:44:16,640
Speaker 1: Helena claims, Hitler quote pulled out his revolver with his

846
00:44:16,680 --> 00:44:18,520
Speaker 1: good hand he'd injured his hand in the in the

847
00:44:18,560 --> 00:44:22,080
Speaker 1: putch his arm actually, and shouted, this is the end.

848
00:44:22,160 --> 00:44:24,160
Speaker 1: I will never let those swine take me. I will

849
00:44:24,200 --> 00:44:28,920
Speaker 1: shoot myself. First, Hitler tried to commit suicide. Helena wrestled

850
00:44:28,960 --> 00:44:31,040
Speaker 1: the gun out of Hitler's hands and threw it into

851
00:44:31,040 --> 00:44:33,920
Speaker 1: the flower bind She saved his life and in doing

852
00:44:33,920 --> 00:44:36,719
Speaker 1: so kind of doomed seventy five million people to death. Wait,

853
00:44:36,760 --> 00:44:40,759
Speaker 1: so that really happened, right? Saying happened to kind of say, oh,

854
00:44:40,800 --> 00:44:42,320
Speaker 1: this is the only reason why he's in my house.

855
00:44:43,080 --> 00:44:45,000
Speaker 1: She's saying that actually went down. No, that went dad,

856
00:44:45,120 --> 00:44:48,319
Speaker 1: damn it, Helena, let it do it, let him let

857
00:44:48,400 --> 00:44:51,400
Speaker 1: him do it. You're saying he's a neuter, you obviously

858
00:44:51,440 --> 00:44:54,759
Speaker 1: don't like him talking about him, or or maybe you

859
00:44:54,800 --> 00:44:56,360
Speaker 1: dig it down with him. You don't want your husband

860
00:44:56,360 --> 00:44:59,919
Speaker 1: to know either way, Helena YouTube faced you. She an

861
00:45:00,000 --> 00:45:04,239
Speaker 1: he did. It's it's one of those things, like I

862
00:45:04,280 --> 00:45:05,800
Speaker 1: think it's always the right thing. If you see some

863
00:45:05,960 --> 00:45:09,239
Speaker 1: trying to kill themselves, try to stop it. I'm not

864
00:45:09,239 --> 00:45:12,440
Speaker 1: going to say wrong for that, but it led to Hitler.

865
00:45:12,800 --> 00:45:15,480
Speaker 1: I guess so he wasn't hit He wasn't the Hitler

866
00:45:15,480 --> 00:45:18,680
Speaker 1: window Hitler. Yeah, yeah, he must have brought that stuff up.

867
00:45:18,680 --> 00:45:20,800
Speaker 1: You're hanging out with your boy Poosey in his damn

868
00:45:20,800 --> 00:45:22,920
Speaker 1: addict and you'd be like, you know what I feel like,

869
00:45:23,000 --> 00:45:25,839
Speaker 1: you know what I really want to do one day?

870
00:45:26,000 --> 00:45:27,640
Speaker 1: You know what I mean? Like, that's not an idea

871
00:45:27,719 --> 00:45:30,400
Speaker 1: that just popped. He was talking about that. This is

872
00:45:30,440 --> 00:45:32,240
Speaker 1: one of those things that gets into like a really

873
00:45:32,400 --> 00:45:34,920
Speaker 1: deep historical debate that I'm gonna take. One of the

874
00:45:34,960 --> 00:45:37,279
Speaker 1: major debates about the Nazi time and power is whether

875
00:45:37,360 --> 00:45:39,600
Speaker 1: or not the Holocaust was pre planned from the beginning

876
00:45:39,760 --> 00:45:42,520
Speaker 1: or was just sort of something that they decided to

877
00:45:42,560 --> 00:45:45,120
Speaker 1: do it later in the war when things turned against them.

878
00:45:45,520 --> 00:45:48,440
Speaker 1: There's a debate both sides. You can find very convincing

879
00:45:48,520 --> 00:45:50,439
Speaker 1: arguments for We're not going to weigh in either way.

880
00:45:51,040 --> 00:45:53,120
Speaker 1: I don't. I don't think she's a bad person for

881
00:45:53,200 --> 00:45:56,319
Speaker 1: trying to stop her friend from killing himself. It is

882
00:45:56,360 --> 00:46:00,719
Speaker 1: why we have Hitler. At the same time, Hitler came

883
00:46:00,719 --> 00:46:04,319
Speaker 1: out of it, so it's not it's good to stop

884
00:46:04,360 --> 00:46:07,839
Speaker 1: people like true can't argue with that. And yet in

885
00:46:07,920 --> 00:46:12,480
Speaker 1: this one kind, I'm like the guy, there's nothing to

886
00:46:12,560 --> 00:46:15,000
Speaker 1: learn from her story here because it's like she did

887
00:46:15,040 --> 00:46:20,080
Speaker 1: the right thing and we got Hitler. It's there's not

888
00:46:20,200 --> 00:46:23,320
Speaker 1: You can't always take a lesson out of history. Sometimes

889
00:46:23,360 --> 00:46:26,879
Speaker 1: it just sucks. And speaking of things that just suck,

890
00:46:26,920 --> 00:46:30,959
Speaker 1: you know, it doesn't suck what Derrito's and the other

891
00:46:31,120 --> 00:46:34,480
Speaker 1: wonderful products and services that support this podcast, which we're

892
00:46:34,520 --> 00:46:38,120
Speaker 1: about to hear some ads from in UH in a moment,

893
00:46:38,160 --> 00:46:40,399
Speaker 1: because that's what allows the show to be on the air.

894
00:46:47,840 --> 00:46:50,400
Speaker 1: And we're back. We just had a little break. I

895
00:46:50,400 --> 00:46:52,600
Speaker 1: had a handful of Derritos, and I just gotta let

896
00:46:52,640 --> 00:46:54,400
Speaker 1: you know, I was feeling a little bit of a

897
00:46:54,480 --> 00:46:58,799
Speaker 1: rising urge to overthrow democracy and institute a one party dictatorship,

898
00:46:58,920 --> 00:47:00,800
Speaker 1: and it just went away as soon as I tasted

899
00:47:00,800 --> 00:47:03,440
Speaker 1: that cool ranch on my lips. Cool ranch keeps you cool,

900
00:47:03,800 --> 00:47:08,280
Speaker 1: keeps you from instituting the fascist dictatorship again. Dorito's are

901
00:47:08,280 --> 00:47:13,080
Speaker 1: our unofficial UH sponsor until they send a legal request

902
00:47:13,120 --> 00:47:15,200
Speaker 1: asking me to stop saying that or give us money

903
00:47:15,320 --> 00:47:19,160
Speaker 1: and then become our official sponsor either way to Rito's. Anyway,

904
00:47:19,400 --> 00:47:22,560
Speaker 1: let's get back into the Hitler tale. So Helena hot

905
00:47:22,600 --> 00:47:25,560
Speaker 1: st Angel, the wife of Hitler's best buddy, had just

906
00:47:25,600 --> 00:47:28,640
Speaker 1: stopped him from killing himself after his failed beer hole punch.

907
00:47:29,480 --> 00:47:32,839
Speaker 1: Um tell me she also late in life, regretted that

908
00:47:33,280 --> 00:47:35,880
Speaker 1: like so many other people. You know, I know that

909
00:47:35,920 --> 00:47:38,080
Speaker 1: there was a falling out between the hot Strangles and them.

910
00:47:38,160 --> 00:47:40,320
Speaker 1: You hear more about Ernest because he moved to America,

911
00:47:40,680 --> 00:47:42,680
Speaker 1: but they split up, and I really don't know much

912
00:47:42,680 --> 00:47:45,600
Speaker 1: about Helena after this period. I would have researched that,

913
00:47:45,640 --> 00:47:50,080
Speaker 1: but I'm a hacking a fraud. Um. So anyway, the

914
00:47:50,160 --> 00:47:52,480
Speaker 1: failed putch should have, by all rights been the end

915
00:47:52,520 --> 00:47:56,360
Speaker 1: of Hitler's Hitler ring career. Uh, but it wasn't, obviously,

916
00:47:56,520 --> 00:47:58,960
Speaker 1: and the bastards responsible for that are the judges and

917
00:47:59,000 --> 00:48:02,439
Speaker 1: the police of my our Germany. First off, the cop

918
00:48:02,480 --> 00:48:04,080
Speaker 1: who arrested this is just to give you a little

919
00:48:04,080 --> 00:48:06,200
Speaker 1: bit of color for how the police treated the Nazis.

920
00:48:06,520 --> 00:48:09,960
Speaker 1: The cop who arrested Hitler apologized before taking him away.

921
00:48:10,360 --> 00:48:12,440
Speaker 1: While Hitler waited for his trial, he stayed in the

922
00:48:12,520 --> 00:48:14,480
Speaker 1: v I P equivalent of a cell and was allowed

923
00:48:14,520 --> 00:48:17,399
Speaker 1: to receive gifts, which were mainly sweets and cakes from

924
00:48:17,440 --> 00:48:20,600
Speaker 1: his followers. Oh my god. Here's a quote from that

925
00:48:20,640 --> 00:48:24,200
Speaker 1: wonderful book nineteen twenty four, which I really recommend reading

926
00:48:24,239 --> 00:48:26,600
Speaker 1: if you're a Hitler ner the year that made Hitler.

927
00:48:26,760 --> 00:48:28,640
Speaker 1: I don't know if anybody wants to call themselves a

928
00:48:28,719 --> 00:48:34,360
Speaker 1: Hitler nerd. Whatever. Hey, you know, some people like star Wars,

929
00:48:34,600 --> 00:48:37,200
Speaker 1: some people like to study the Rise and follow the

930
00:48:37,200 --> 00:48:41,800
Speaker 1: Third Reich. It's not that different. Actually, here's a quote

931
00:48:41,800 --> 00:48:43,840
Speaker 1: from that book that sums up how Hitler was treated

932
00:48:44,040 --> 00:48:46,200
Speaker 1: during the trial and how the Nazis in general were

933
00:48:46,200 --> 00:48:49,640
Speaker 1: treated by the courts and the police. Quote. The relaxed

934
00:48:49,680 --> 00:48:51,800
Speaker 1: treatment of the Nazis and their allies was in stark

935
00:48:51,840 --> 00:48:54,480
Speaker 1: contrast to the much rougher handling meeted out to trial

936
00:48:54,520 --> 00:48:57,680
Speaker 1: defendants from communist or socialist groups who are prosecuted in

937
00:48:57,680 --> 00:49:00,800
Speaker 1: the people's courts around Bavaria. The social list muntion Er

938
00:49:00,880 --> 00:49:03,960
Speaker 1: post which I hope I pronounced right, bitterly noted that

939
00:49:04,000 --> 00:49:07,480
Speaker 1: in Hitler's trial, the accused carried on animated conversations with

940
00:49:07,520 --> 00:49:09,839
Speaker 1: one another until they were asked with great tact if

941
00:49:09,840 --> 00:49:13,280
Speaker 1: they wouldn't mind taking their seats, no sign of guards.

942
00:49:14,000 --> 00:49:17,560
Speaker 1: Only two months earlier, wrote the newspaper, sixteen socialists had

943
00:49:17,600 --> 00:49:20,360
Speaker 1: been brought into a people's court where quote they arrived

944
00:49:20,400 --> 00:49:23,640
Speaker 1: manacled and departed manacled. Each had a guard on either side.

945
00:49:23,640 --> 00:49:26,239
Speaker 1: They were not allowed to speak with one another. Even

946
00:49:26,239 --> 00:49:29,040
Speaker 1: those who sentences were already covered by time served were

947
00:49:29,120 --> 00:49:32,040
Speaker 1: led away afterwards in chains. That's the kind of tact

948
00:49:32,040 --> 00:49:36,680
Speaker 1: to the court shows to socialists. So can you imagine

949
00:49:36,960 --> 00:49:40,920
Speaker 1: going to trial and then just chatting with your buds

950
00:49:40,920 --> 00:49:43,520
Speaker 1: like you're at a conference and scramp. It's just very

951
00:49:43,560 --> 00:49:46,280
Speaker 1: like them showing up and just like kicking for a while.

952
00:49:46,320 --> 00:49:48,680
Speaker 1: And I mean, like, could you guys like quiet downward

953
00:49:48,680 --> 00:49:51,040
Speaker 1: trying to ste could you cut it with just a

954
00:49:51,040 --> 00:49:52,880
Speaker 1: little bit with saying the government needs to be overthrown,

955
00:49:52,920 --> 00:49:57,520
Speaker 1: we gotta do this trial. Sy, I'm sorry the cooker,

956
00:49:57,560 --> 00:50:00,920
Speaker 1: you're quiet, the quicker world. And yeah. So Hitler's trial

957
00:50:00,960 --> 00:50:03,040
Speaker 1: became the trial of the century, or it would have

958
00:50:03,040 --> 00:50:04,400
Speaker 1: been the trial of the century if not for the

959
00:50:04,440 --> 00:50:06,960
Speaker 1: Nuremberg trials to prosecute the Nazis. But that was that was,

960
00:50:07,120 --> 00:50:09,000
Speaker 1: that was in the future. Up to this point. It

961
00:50:09,080 --> 00:50:12,560
Speaker 1: was the Trial of the Century. Um. It was very

962
00:50:12,600 --> 00:50:15,080
Speaker 1: heavily publicized, and Hitler was able to use it as

963
00:50:15,120 --> 00:50:18,200
Speaker 1: basically a platform to recruit more supporters thanks to his

964
00:50:18,239 --> 00:50:23,920
Speaker 1: shitty chief judge George Nightheart. Um, it's George night Court, Nightheart.

965
00:50:23,960 --> 00:50:26,239
Speaker 1: Oh you could get almost basically, and I was like

966
00:50:26,400 --> 00:50:29,200
Speaker 1: night Court and it's actually I think it might be George,

967
00:50:29,400 --> 00:50:32,160
Speaker 1: George Jorg. There's no e. It's George without an e.

968
00:50:33,280 --> 00:50:35,759
Speaker 1: It's you know, Germans. Sorry, I love you Germans, but

969
00:50:35,800 --> 00:50:39,319
Speaker 1: you spell George wrong. Um. So old George was a

970
00:50:39,400 --> 00:50:41,640
Speaker 1: right wing nationalist with a history of throwing the book

971
00:50:41,640 --> 00:50:43,680
Speaker 1: at leftists and not really caring so much about right

972
00:50:43,680 --> 00:50:46,640
Speaker 1: wing terrorists. He had commuted the sentence of a right

973
00:50:46,640 --> 00:50:50,279
Speaker 1: wing terrorist named Count Arco Valley, which is a legitimately

974
00:50:50,320 --> 00:50:54,320
Speaker 1: cool name. Arco. That's a that's a Star Wars villain. Yeah,

975
00:50:54,320 --> 00:50:58,399
Speaker 1: that's definitely yeah. The Count had been sentenced to death

976
00:50:58,400 --> 00:51:02,120
Speaker 1: for shooting Kurt Eisner, a socialist revolutionary and journalist, in

977
00:51:02,160 --> 00:51:04,839
Speaker 1: the back of the head. Judge knight Art reduced that

978
00:51:04,920 --> 00:51:08,040
Speaker 1: to fortress arrest, which sounds harsh, but it basically means

979
00:51:08,040 --> 00:51:11,560
Speaker 1: you get to live in a castle. What. Yeah, that's cool.

980
00:51:13,080 --> 00:51:18,880
Speaker 1: Road through um. The judge justified this by saying that

981
00:51:18,920 --> 00:51:21,400
Speaker 1: Count Arco Valley had quote a glowing love of his

982
00:51:21,480 --> 00:51:24,040
Speaker 1: people in fatherland, and also because a lot of people

983
00:51:24,080 --> 00:51:26,760
Speaker 1: didn't like the guy that he'd shot, So it was fine,

984
00:51:27,320 --> 00:51:32,200
Speaker 1: Judge Knight the rules. Let's get a lot of people

985
00:51:32,239 --> 00:51:33,640
Speaker 1: thought that I was a dick, so I guess it's

986
00:51:33,680 --> 00:51:40,120
Speaker 1: cool that you murdered him. Here's a castle German law law.

987
00:51:41,760 --> 00:51:44,000
Speaker 1: H Judge and Ihart believe the political murder wasn't a

988
00:51:44,040 --> 00:51:46,560
Speaker 1: serious crime of the victim was unpopular, which, in his

989
00:51:46,640 --> 00:51:50,440
Speaker 1: casement left wing Nighthart also had granted Hitler's early parole.

990
00:51:50,520 --> 00:51:52,840
Speaker 1: A year earlier, when Hitler had received a sentence for

991
00:51:52,960 --> 00:51:56,000
Speaker 1: breaching the peace, he'd been sentenced to three months of parole.

992
00:51:56,120 --> 00:51:58,600
Speaker 1: Night had reduced it to one. Hitler had received this

993
00:51:58,680 --> 00:52:02,280
Speaker 1: sentence for the severe legending of a political rival. Uh

994
00:52:02,280 --> 00:52:05,200
Speaker 1: so this is the kind of guy who's Hitler's judge

995
00:52:05,239 --> 00:52:07,880
Speaker 1: when he goes to court for trying to overthrow the government,

996
00:52:08,440 --> 00:52:11,520
Speaker 1: which again you'd think would be a serious crime. Him

997
00:52:12,200 --> 00:52:14,759
Speaker 1: homies Yeah. Night. Heart's first big ruling was on whether

998
00:52:14,840 --> 00:52:16,719
Speaker 1: or not the case against Hitler would be an open

999
00:52:16,840 --> 00:52:20,160
Speaker 1: or closed session which means whether or not everything that

1000
00:52:20,239 --> 00:52:22,520
Speaker 1: happens will be available to the public and journalists, or

1001
00:52:22,520 --> 00:52:24,840
Speaker 1: whether or not it will be hidden. Now, the prosecution

1002
00:52:24,920 --> 00:52:27,680
Speaker 1: wanted a closed session, which was both to hide Hitler

1003
00:52:27,760 --> 00:52:30,799
Speaker 1: from public demand and to keep his politics obscure, and

1004
00:52:30,880 --> 00:52:33,200
Speaker 1: to hide the fact that members of the German army

1005
00:52:33,239 --> 00:52:36,000
Speaker 1: had kind of, sort of absolutely supported an egged on

1006
00:52:36,040 --> 00:52:39,320
Speaker 1: the coup. Hitler's defense wanted the case to be open

1007
00:52:39,800 --> 00:52:41,840
Speaker 1: so Hitler could court the sympathy if the German people

1008
00:52:41,840 --> 00:52:45,240
Speaker 1: by doing what he did best, giving long speeches. Judge

1009
00:52:45,320 --> 00:52:47,920
Speaker 1: Nightheart ruled that part of the case could stay open

1010
00:52:47,960 --> 00:52:50,000
Speaker 1: and part of it would be closed, which is so

1011
00:52:50,120 --> 00:52:54,840
Speaker 1: let me guesses were open. Yeah, that's exactly what happened.

1012
00:52:55,560 --> 00:52:58,400
Speaker 1: Hitler got to hide anything that he thought was bad

1013
00:52:58,560 --> 00:53:00,960
Speaker 1: for his case because night Heart basically said, the defense

1014
00:53:01,000 --> 00:53:03,480
Speaker 1: will know which part should be open and closed. Yeah,

1015
00:53:04,400 --> 00:53:10,440
Speaker 1: what kind of law. Yeah, it's he's a shitty judge. Um.

1016
00:53:10,480 --> 00:53:14,160
Speaker 1: He justified this by saying that the Weimar government had

1017
00:53:14,200 --> 00:53:17,240
Speaker 1: banned Hitler's publications after he tried to overthrow the government,

1018
00:53:17,280 --> 00:53:19,680
Speaker 1: so it was only fair that Hitler be allowed to

1019
00:53:19,719 --> 00:53:23,040
Speaker 1: speak to the people. You know, this is not worn

1020
00:53:23,200 --> 00:53:25,960
Speaker 1: when you in trouble. You don't need to make no calls.

1021
00:53:27,600 --> 00:53:38,680
Speaker 1: Oh my god. Yeah, uh so, whit be good. This

1022
00:53:38,760 --> 00:53:42,040
Speaker 1: is like the whitest guy sentence of all time. Because

1023
00:53:42,080 --> 00:53:46,080
Speaker 1: for trying to overthrow the government and institute a dictatorship,

1024
00:53:46,400 --> 00:53:49,000
Speaker 1: Hitler gets a year in a fortress prison where he

1025
00:53:49,040 --> 00:53:51,880
Speaker 1: gets to live in a fancy whole apartment to himself.

1026
00:53:51,880 --> 00:53:54,360
Speaker 1: His friends were there too, because they got arrested. He

1027
00:53:54,520 --> 00:53:57,200
Speaker 1: was there, like a bunch of them, he and his friends.

1028
00:53:57,200 --> 00:53:59,759
Speaker 1: I'll get to live in a fortress first, basically like

1029
00:54:00,040 --> 00:54:05,040
Speaker 1: in fraternity party. The party, they had access to alcohol.

1030
00:54:06,880 --> 00:54:10,719
Speaker 1: He used the time to finish writing editing comcause is

1031
00:54:10,760 --> 00:54:14,040
Speaker 1: where he wrote mind exactly honestly, Like I would love

1032
00:54:14,080 --> 00:54:17,719
Speaker 1: a fortress prison. Okay, I need some time to rebuild, reconnect.

1033
00:54:17,840 --> 00:54:20,600
Speaker 1: I would definitely get into yoga, start clean eating a

1034
00:54:20,680 --> 00:54:23,160
Speaker 1: fortress prison. Might actually do a fortress prison with all

1035
00:54:23,160 --> 00:54:27,279
Speaker 1: of your best friends. Yeah, that's not a punishment. That's

1036
00:54:27,280 --> 00:54:30,160
Speaker 1: not how you stopped someone from being Hitler. Like, you know,

1037
00:54:30,200 --> 00:54:32,759
Speaker 1: they snuck in ladies party of the fortress. I mean,

1038
00:54:33,120 --> 00:54:36,080
Speaker 1: what do you think. I don't think it was cool.

1039
00:54:36,120 --> 00:54:38,200
Speaker 1: I'm sure some of them did. I don't think Hitler

1040
00:54:38,280 --> 00:54:40,440
Speaker 1: was that cool. No, But I mean like if he

1041
00:54:40,480 --> 00:54:43,239
Speaker 1: had his boys around somebody, they smuggled somebody, because you know,

1042
00:54:43,239 --> 00:54:46,319
Speaker 1: a fortress prisons got tunnels, you know what does. But

1043
00:54:46,560 --> 00:54:49,319
Speaker 1: the trial in Hitler's time and Fortress prison were key

1044
00:54:49,320 --> 00:54:52,040
Speaker 1: moments in his rise to power. Now, the trial also

1045
00:54:52,080 --> 00:54:54,920
Speaker 1: provided reams of evidence the German Army and the Bavarian

1046
00:54:55,000 --> 00:54:57,880
Speaker 1: State police had been helping the Nazis out since their inception.

1047
00:54:58,200 --> 00:55:00,560
Speaker 1: At one point during the trial, will Helm would run

1048
00:55:00,600 --> 00:55:03,719
Speaker 1: the Munich police Department from nineteen nineteen to nineteen twenty two,

1049
00:55:03,760 --> 00:55:08,680
Speaker 1: was questioned. He admitted, quote, we could have easily suppressed it,

1050
00:55:08,680 --> 00:55:11,560
Speaker 1: it being the Nazis in nineteen nineteen and nineteen twenty,

1051
00:55:11,640 --> 00:55:14,560
Speaker 1: but we realized that this little national socialist movement should

1052
00:55:14,560 --> 00:55:17,640
Speaker 1: not be crushed. Frick and his fellow officers saw the

1053
00:55:17,680 --> 00:55:20,600
Speaker 1: Nazis as quote, the germ of a rebirth of Germany.

1054
00:55:20,880 --> 00:55:23,880
Speaker 1: We held a protective hand over the national socialist German

1055
00:55:23,880 --> 00:55:30,160
Speaker 1: Workers Party and Herr Hitler. Uh well, well, well, now

1056
00:55:30,440 --> 00:55:33,600
Speaker 1: we'll talk later about the history of coordination between the

1057
00:55:33,600 --> 00:55:38,040
Speaker 1: police and far right Nazi extremists. But there was actually

1058
00:55:38,080 --> 00:55:40,719
Speaker 1: another time during Hitler's rise to power where he was

1059
00:55:40,760 --> 00:55:43,719
Speaker 1: saved in court by a sympathetic judge. On May eighth,

1060
00:55:43,840 --> 00:55:46,360
Speaker 1: nineteen thirty one, Hitler was subpoenaed when four of his

1061
00:55:46,400 --> 00:55:49,319
Speaker 1: stormtroopers tried to murder a guy. The subpoena was the

1062
00:55:49,320 --> 00:55:52,560
Speaker 1: ploy of a radical socialist lawyer and fucking hero named

1063
00:55:52,600 --> 00:55:55,120
Speaker 1: Hans Litton. Now, Hans wanted to get Hitler on the

1064
00:55:55,200 --> 00:55:58,160
Speaker 1: stand so that he could cross examine him and basically

1065
00:55:58,239 --> 00:56:00,720
Speaker 1: prove that the violence by Hitler's men had been directly

1066
00:56:00,840 --> 00:56:03,840
Speaker 1: encouraged by Hitler in the Nazi Party. Here's how The

1067
00:56:03,880 --> 00:56:08,320
Speaker 1: Death of Democracy describes it. The climax comes in exchange

1068
00:56:08,320 --> 00:56:11,520
Speaker 1: over a pamphlet written by the Nazi Party's propaganda director,

1069
00:56:11,600 --> 00:56:14,720
Speaker 1: Joseph Gebbels. The pamphlet is a quick guide to Nazi

1070
00:56:14,760 --> 00:56:17,600
Speaker 1: ideology for new party recruits. It includes the promise that

1071
00:56:17,640 --> 00:56:20,359
Speaker 1: if the Nazis cannot come to power through elections, then

1072
00:56:20,400 --> 00:56:23,120
Speaker 1: we will make revolution. Then we will chase the parliament

1073
00:56:23,200 --> 00:56:25,160
Speaker 1: to the devil and found the state on the basis

1074
00:56:25,200 --> 00:56:29,360
Speaker 1: of German fists and German brains. If Hitler's party is legal,

1075
00:56:29,480 --> 00:56:31,400
Speaker 1: Litton wants to know how could such a thing be

1076
00:56:31,440 --> 00:56:34,560
Speaker 1: written by the party's designated propagandist and published by the

1077
00:56:34,600 --> 00:56:38,279
Speaker 1: party's official publisher. In the morning session, Hitler evades this

1078
00:56:38,360 --> 00:56:41,839
Speaker 1: question by denying that the party ever approved the pamphlet. Then,

1079
00:56:41,920 --> 00:56:44,399
Speaker 1: over lunch break, Litton learns that the pamphlet is still

1080
00:56:44,480 --> 00:56:47,759
Speaker 1: being sold at Girbel's meetings and at all party bookstores.

1081
00:56:48,080 --> 00:56:51,400
Speaker 1: Can Hitler explain this? Hitler could not explain this and

1082
00:56:51,440 --> 00:56:55,360
Speaker 1: actually screamed in rage while on the stand because he

1083
00:56:55,480 --> 00:56:59,239
Speaker 1: just he had no answer to it, so he just screamed, Yeah,

1084
00:56:59,320 --> 00:57:02,399
Speaker 1: he got so angry because he he'd been caught. Well, right,

1085
00:57:02,440 --> 00:57:05,880
Speaker 1: but my do like think about how pathetic that is.

1086
00:57:06,920 --> 00:57:09,279
Speaker 1: It should have been the end. End it should have been.

1087
00:57:09,360 --> 00:57:12,319
Speaker 1: It should have been the end. But the judge, Kurt

1088
00:57:12,400 --> 00:57:15,920
Speaker 1: owned Sworge, decided to protect Hitler. Now Kurt wasn't a

1089
00:57:16,000 --> 00:57:19,200
Speaker 1: Nazi either, but he preferred them to the scary socialists

1090
00:57:19,200 --> 00:57:24,000
Speaker 1: and evil communists. Judge owned Sorge disallowed further questioning. Linton's

1091
00:57:24,080 --> 00:57:27,440
Speaker 1: case could have potentially led to criminal charges for Hitler

1092
00:57:27,440 --> 00:57:30,800
Speaker 1: and other Nazis. Instead, it led to basically nothing. A

1093
00:57:30,840 --> 00:57:32,720
Speaker 1: little more than a year later, Hitler was the new

1094
00:57:32,800 --> 00:57:36,120
Speaker 1: Chancellor of Germany. Linton was sent to a concentration camp

1095
00:57:36,120 --> 00:57:39,200
Speaker 1: where he spent more than five agonizing years before committing

1096
00:57:39,200 --> 00:57:42,600
Speaker 1: suicide and Dachau. The whole incident amounted to little more

1097
00:57:42,600 --> 00:57:44,960
Speaker 1: than bad press for Hitler, and by that point he

1098
00:57:45,000 --> 00:57:50,880
Speaker 1: could handle it. Oh so fuck you, Kurt owned Sorge. Yeah, sure,

1099
00:57:51,080 --> 00:57:53,520
Speaker 1: someone in Germany, go find his grave and pay on it.

1100
00:57:54,200 --> 00:57:57,440
Speaker 1: We will send you a shirt, unless that is illegal

1101
00:57:57,480 --> 00:58:00,200
Speaker 1: for me to say, in which case, like hit there,

1102
00:58:00,200 --> 00:58:04,720
Speaker 1: I never urged anyone to do anything illegal. Never start

1103
00:58:04,760 --> 00:58:09,840
Speaker 1: any sentence about yourself with like, that's a fair point.

1104
00:58:09,880 --> 00:58:13,240
Speaker 1: That's a fair point. Thank you for trying to protect me. Uh.

1105
00:58:13,280 --> 00:58:15,960
Speaker 1: And and yeah, I won't make a Dorito's plug there,

1106
00:58:15,960 --> 00:58:19,760
Speaker 1: probably will not get us a sponsorship. Um. So let's

1107
00:58:19,800 --> 00:58:22,840
Speaker 1: talk about the press now. The German and American press

1108
00:58:22,880 --> 00:58:26,520
Speaker 1: are collectively our next bastard on this tour to bastards. Uh.

1109
00:58:26,560 --> 00:58:28,520
Speaker 1: There were, of course, a number of great journalists like

1110
00:58:28,560 --> 00:58:31,960
Speaker 1: William Schier right and left wing, who reported worriedly on

1111
00:58:32,000 --> 00:58:33,800
Speaker 1: the rise of the Nazis and tried to highlight their

1112
00:58:33,840 --> 00:58:37,280
Speaker 1: crimes before Hitler came to power. Unfortunately, those people were

1113
00:58:37,320 --> 00:58:40,920
Speaker 1: not the majority of the mainstream media. Hitler's big speech

1114
00:58:40,960 --> 00:58:43,080
Speaker 1: at the trial for the Munich Putsch was only able

1115
00:58:43,120 --> 00:58:45,920
Speaker 1: to reach German citizens and convert new Nazis because the

1116
00:58:45,920 --> 00:58:50,800
Speaker 1: trial was breathlessly covered by major German newspapers. Hitler said wacky,

1117
00:58:50,840 --> 00:58:53,360
Speaker 1: insane things. It was easy to get headlines out of

1118
00:58:53,400 --> 00:58:56,520
Speaker 1: his nuttiness, and people wanted to read about this bizarre character.

1119
00:58:57,320 --> 00:59:00,320
Speaker 1: Here's how that wonderful book Death of Democracy to scribed

1120
00:59:00,360 --> 00:59:03,600
Speaker 1: the coverage. He knows how to use all modulations of

1121
00:59:03,680 --> 00:59:07,280
Speaker 1: his sometimes raw voice, noted the respected Frankfurter Zeitung Zeitung

1122
00:59:07,360 --> 00:59:10,240
Speaker 1: means newspaper in German. Uh. While no friend of the

1123
00:59:10,280 --> 00:59:13,240
Speaker 1: Nazi leader, the sophisticated newspaper was committed to a liberal

1124
00:59:13,280 --> 00:59:15,680
Speaker 1: democratic order in the New Germany and had endorsed the

1125
00:59:15,680 --> 00:59:18,880
Speaker 1: Treaty of Versailles. The Jewish own Daily nonetheless let its

1126
00:59:18,880 --> 00:59:21,560
Speaker 1: reporter give Hitler his due as a performer and explained

1127
00:59:21,600 --> 00:59:24,560
Speaker 1: to an unknowing audience some of the magic of Hitler's method.

1128
00:59:25,000 --> 00:59:27,640
Speaker 1: He softens his voice, then gradually raises it to a

1129
00:59:27,720 --> 00:59:31,000
Speaker 1: dramatic shout, even a hoarse screech. His voice then cracks

1130
00:59:31,000 --> 00:59:34,480
Speaker 1: and sorrow over his fallen comrades. He scornfully mocks the

1131
00:59:34,520 --> 00:59:37,480
Speaker 1: trembling timidity of his enemies, shaping his words with a

1132
00:59:37,520 --> 00:59:40,360
Speaker 1: lively play of his hands. Hitler rounds off his periods

1133
00:59:40,360 --> 00:59:44,120
Speaker 1: with both hands, emphasizes an ironic or offensive comment by

1134
00:59:44,160 --> 00:59:47,120
Speaker 1: shooting his left index finger towards the state attorney, and

1135
00:59:47,240 --> 00:59:49,800
Speaker 1: uses his head and even his body to undergird his speech.

1136
00:59:50,040 --> 00:59:53,439
Speaker 1: The rhetorical impact is strong. Much of what Hitler says

1137
00:59:53,480 --> 00:59:55,320
Speaker 1: about the lead up to the coup sounds at least

1138
00:59:55,360 --> 00:59:59,760
Speaker 1: subjectively convincing, wrote the Frankfurter Zeitung. One sees clearly how

1139
00:59:59,800 --> 01:00:01,880
Speaker 1: hit There's plan grew out of the behavior of the

1140
01:00:01,920 --> 01:00:05,040
Speaker 1: men then ruling in Bavaria. The only thing dividing them

1141
01:00:05,040 --> 01:00:08,880
Speaker 1: were some personel questions and the courage to act. Oh

1142
01:00:10,760 --> 01:00:13,800
Speaker 1: this is the left wing car like envy, you don't

1143
01:00:13,840 --> 01:00:17,360
Speaker 1: like him. These are the guys you don't like him. Well,

1144
01:00:17,360 --> 01:00:21,520
Speaker 1: that's very nice. So the vast majority of Germany's newspapers

1145
01:00:21,520 --> 01:00:24,040
Speaker 1: were very anti Nazi and anti Hitler. Uh. This did

1146
01:00:24,080 --> 01:00:26,960
Speaker 1: not concern the Nazis one bit. They loved the breathless

1147
01:00:26,960 --> 01:00:29,320
Speaker 1: coverage of the crazy things hit There would say. Joseph

1148
01:00:29,360 --> 01:00:32,320
Speaker 1: Gebel's repeatedly wrote in his diary, the main thing is

1149
01:00:32,520 --> 01:00:38,160
Speaker 1: they're talking about us. Wow, wow. Now the American press

1150
01:00:38,360 --> 01:00:40,880
Speaker 1: also played a big role in Hitler's growing acceptance both

1151
01:00:40,880 --> 01:00:43,960
Speaker 1: to Germany in the world as a legitimate politician. In

1152
01:00:43,960 --> 01:00:46,480
Speaker 1: the late nineteen twenties, American papers took to calling him

1153
01:00:46,560 --> 01:00:50,520
Speaker 1: the German Mussolini. Now cool, that sounds bad to us,

1154
01:00:50,560 --> 01:00:53,000
Speaker 1: because we know Mussolini was murdered in the street by

1155
01:00:53,040 --> 01:00:54,760
Speaker 1: his own people and strung up because so they could

1156
01:00:54,760 --> 01:00:57,520
Speaker 1: got at his corpse. But back in those days, Mussolini

1157
01:00:57,560 --> 01:01:01,360
Speaker 1: was an important world leader, and not yet christ Um.

1158
01:01:01,400 --> 01:01:03,480
Speaker 1: So I'm going to quote now from a very good

1159
01:01:03,480 --> 01:01:07,160
Speaker 1: Smithsonian article called how Journalists covered the Rise of Mussolini

1160
01:01:07,160 --> 01:01:08,920
Speaker 1: and Hitler, And this is gonna be a long quote.

1161
01:01:09,440 --> 01:01:11,560
Speaker 1: The main way that the press defanged Hitler was by

1162
01:01:11,560 --> 01:01:14,000
Speaker 1: portraying him as something of a joke. He was a

1163
01:01:14,040 --> 01:01:18,440
Speaker 1: nonsensical screecher of wild words whose appearance, according to Newsweek,

1164
01:01:18,560 --> 01:01:22,600
Speaker 1: suggests Charlie Chaplin. His countenance is a caricature. He was

1165
01:01:22,720 --> 01:01:26,760
Speaker 1: as voluable as he was insecure, stated Cosmopolitan. Sure he

1166
01:01:26,800 --> 01:01:30,480
Speaker 1: had a following, but his followers were impressionable voters duped

1167
01:01:30,480 --> 01:01:34,360
Speaker 1: by radical doctrines and quack remedies, claim The Washington Post

1168
01:01:34,720 --> 01:01:37,280
Speaker 1: Now that Hitler actually had to operate within a government.

1169
01:01:37,320 --> 01:01:41,320
Speaker 1: After he was elected, the sober politicians would submerge this movement.

1170
01:01:41,440 --> 01:01:44,560
Speaker 1: According to The New York Times and the Christian Science Monitor,

1171
01:01:45,040 --> 01:01:48,120
Speaker 1: a quote keen sense of dramatic instinct was not enough

1172
01:01:48,280 --> 01:01:50,680
Speaker 1: when it came time to govern, His lack of gravity

1173
01:01:50,760 --> 01:01:54,800
Speaker 1: and profundity of thought would be exposed. In fact, The

1174
01:01:54,800 --> 01:01:58,000
Speaker 1: New York Times wrote after Hitler's appointment to the chancellorship

1175
01:01:58,080 --> 01:02:01,120
Speaker 1: that success would only let him exposed to the German

1176
01:02:01,120 --> 01:02:05,400
Speaker 1: public his own futility. Journalists wondered whether Hitler now regretted

1177
01:02:05,480 --> 01:02:08,480
Speaker 1: leaving the rally for the cabinet meeting, where he would

1178
01:02:08,480 --> 01:02:14,040
Speaker 1: have to assume some responsibility. Would he thuh, eventually, I

1179
01:02:14,080 --> 01:02:17,720
Speaker 1: mean shot himself when the Russians were at the gates. Weally,

1180
01:02:17,920 --> 01:02:22,000
Speaker 1: But it's like, there's no better way to make someone

1181
01:02:22,200 --> 01:02:25,040
Speaker 1: seem like not a threat. And therefore even if you

1182
01:02:25,040 --> 01:02:27,880
Speaker 1: don't respect him, right, you still are like, oh, this

1183
01:02:27,960 --> 01:02:32,520
Speaker 1: is no big deal. Charlie Chaplin, everyone's favorite, good time,

1184
01:02:32,600 --> 01:02:41,280
Speaker 1: god time, Oh my god. So all this, I hope,

1185
01:02:41,280 --> 01:02:44,320
Speaker 1: has explained how the soil of fascism was fertilized in Germany.

1186
01:02:44,400 --> 01:02:46,160
Speaker 1: All of these people and many more that I didn't

1187
01:02:46,160 --> 01:02:48,280
Speaker 1: have the time to get into detail about helped prepare

1188
01:02:48,320 --> 01:02:50,560
Speaker 1: a political climate that could allow for the rise of

1189
01:02:50,600 --> 01:02:54,600
Speaker 1: Adolf Hitler in the most progressive, educated and enlightened society

1190
01:02:54,600 --> 01:02:56,960
Speaker 1: in the world at the time. The only thing left

1191
01:02:57,000 --> 01:02:59,920
Speaker 1: to explain is how Hitler actually achieved absolute power and

1192
01:03:00,080 --> 01:03:03,320
Speaker 1: toppled the Weimar Democracy. So we're gonna get into some

1193
01:03:04,200 --> 01:03:08,120
Speaker 1: turn of the century German parliamentary politics here, trying to

1194
01:03:08,120 --> 01:03:10,000
Speaker 1: make it interesting. I think it will be because it's

1195
01:03:10,000 --> 01:03:13,360
Speaker 1: interesting to me and my taste is flawless. So here

1196
01:03:13,360 --> 01:03:16,600
Speaker 1: we go. In the same year that Hitler tried his putch,

1197
01:03:16,920 --> 01:03:20,080
Speaker 1: a guy named Gustav Stresseman was elected Chancellor of Germany.

1198
01:03:20,200 --> 01:03:22,560
Speaker 1: Now Stressman was a Liberal and his main achievement in

1199
01:03:22,600 --> 01:03:25,560
Speaker 1: office was starting the healing process with France. He became

1200
01:03:25,560 --> 01:03:27,560
Speaker 1: friends with their leader, a guy named Briand, and both

1201
01:03:27,560 --> 01:03:29,960
Speaker 1: of them desperately wanted to avoid their two nations ever

1202
01:03:30,040 --> 01:03:32,640
Speaker 1: again coming to blows. These are actually the first people

1203
01:03:32,640 --> 01:03:36,480
Speaker 1: who proposed a European union using the words European union.

1204
01:03:37,040 --> 01:03:39,280
Speaker 1: That was the dream. Then there's like, okay, if we

1205
01:03:39,440 --> 01:03:41,600
Speaker 1: have like a common border between us and we we

1206
01:03:41,640 --> 01:03:44,400
Speaker 1: start trading and our kids can travel and see each other,

1207
01:03:44,480 --> 01:03:46,560
Speaker 1: maybe there will never be another terrible World war. That

1208
01:03:46,640 --> 01:03:50,040
Speaker 1: was the dream for stress Human and brand. Unfortunately, stress

1209
01:03:50,080 --> 01:03:52,920
Speaker 1: Human's terms started right when the German economy took a

1210
01:03:52,960 --> 01:03:56,240
Speaker 1: swan dive into the asphalt. The Social Democrats pulled their

1211
01:03:56,240 --> 01:03:59,040
Speaker 1: support from him and his government collapsed, which meant new

1212
01:03:59,040 --> 01:04:03,400
Speaker 1: elections and a new chancellor. So the week al bet

1213
01:04:03,400 --> 01:04:07,240
Speaker 1: a year. Okay, the collapsed economy did not he was

1214
01:04:07,320 --> 01:04:09,240
Speaker 1: now he was foreign minister. He was like their head

1215
01:04:09,240 --> 01:04:11,760
Speaker 1: of foreign policy for like eight years after that, so

1216
01:04:11,800 --> 01:04:14,320
Speaker 1: he was a force in politics. But yeah, he was

1217
01:04:14,320 --> 01:04:17,440
Speaker 1: no longer in charge. So the collapsed economy didn't sweep

1218
01:04:17,480 --> 01:04:19,560
Speaker 1: the Nazis into power, as it's often claimed, but it

1219
01:04:19,600 --> 01:04:21,560
Speaker 1: did lead to a surge at this point in time

1220
01:04:21,560 --> 01:04:24,000
Speaker 1: in the early twenties in the votes for both the

1221
01:04:24,080 --> 01:04:27,400
Speaker 1: Nazis and the right wing in general. Now, in nineteen five,

1222
01:04:27,600 --> 01:04:35,160
Speaker 1: Paul von Handenberg gets elected President of the Reich. There

1223
01:04:35,400 --> 01:04:42,160
Speaker 1: is there's our mannden Bird. No, yeah, so he is

1224
01:04:42,200 --> 01:04:44,640
Speaker 1: the president of the right now. Over the next few years,

1225
01:04:44,640 --> 01:04:49,480
Speaker 1: the economy improved, but Germany's political polarization continued unabated. Stressman

1226
01:04:49,560 --> 01:04:51,880
Speaker 1: stayed on as the foreign Minister until he died in

1227
01:04:52,000 --> 01:04:54,360
Speaker 1: nineteen nine, and while he was in office he pushed

1228
01:04:54,360 --> 01:04:56,880
Speaker 1: for Germany to join with France into that European Union thing.

1229
01:04:57,160 --> 01:04:59,200
Speaker 1: This actually might have happened if it hadn't have been

1230
01:04:59,200 --> 01:05:02,120
Speaker 1: for a guy named alf for Hugenberg. Now, Hugenberg was

1231
01:05:02,160 --> 01:05:04,640
Speaker 1: a very wealthy conservative who had bought up a ton

1232
01:05:04,640 --> 01:05:07,800
Speaker 1: of newspapers and owned a lot of wealthy conservatives that

1233
01:05:07,840 --> 01:05:12,280
Speaker 1: owns a bunch of newspapers, who he wound up at

1234
01:05:12,320 --> 01:05:14,560
Speaker 1: the head of the German National Party, which was a

1235
01:05:14,600 --> 01:05:17,520
Speaker 1: center right wing party. They surged in nineteen twenty four

1236
01:05:17,600 --> 01:05:21,360
Speaker 1: when the economy fell, but by nine the economy had

1237
01:05:21,360 --> 01:05:23,440
Speaker 1: started to get better, and that meant that they lost

1238
01:05:23,440 --> 01:05:25,520
Speaker 1: a huge number of votes to the Liberals. One of

1239
01:05:25,560 --> 01:05:27,880
Speaker 1: Hugenberg's first moves as head of the party was to

1240
01:05:27,920 --> 01:05:30,880
Speaker 1: ally it with the Nazi movement. He didn't like the Nazis,

1241
01:05:30,960 --> 01:05:33,160
Speaker 1: but he saw them as the only way for Conservatives

1242
01:05:33,200 --> 01:05:36,480
Speaker 1: to win at the ballot box. So Hugenberg hated the

1243
01:05:36,520 --> 01:05:39,080
Speaker 1: Treaty of Versailles and the reparations payments Germany was forced

1244
01:05:39,080 --> 01:05:41,840
Speaker 1: to make. Continuing those payments, albeit in a reduced form,

1245
01:05:41,960 --> 01:05:43,800
Speaker 1: was a key part of the plan that Stresseman and

1246
01:05:43,840 --> 01:05:46,320
Speaker 1: Brian had put together to bring Germany and France into

1247
01:05:46,320 --> 01:05:49,800
Speaker 1: an early EU sort of thing. The Nazi Conservative Alliance

1248
01:05:49,800 --> 01:05:52,400
Speaker 1: was successful at stopping any chance this head of becoming

1249
01:05:52,400 --> 01:05:56,680
Speaker 1: a reality and purse pushing Germany away from reconciliation with France. Now,

1250
01:05:56,720 --> 01:05:59,720
Speaker 1: a lot of Germans actually supported reconciliation and greater integration

1251
01:05:59,720 --> 01:06:02,480
Speaker 1: into Europe. We don't exactly have opinion polls from that time,

1252
01:06:02,520 --> 01:06:05,360
Speaker 1: but most Germans in the late twenties were voting for

1253
01:06:05,520 --> 01:06:08,720
Speaker 1: liberal or leftist parties, or at least centrist parties. The

1254
01:06:08,760 --> 01:06:11,160
Speaker 1: problem is that the German Communist Party, the kp D,

1255
01:06:11,680 --> 01:06:13,960
Speaker 1: was not willing to work with the Social Democrats in

1256
01:06:13,960 --> 01:06:16,760
Speaker 1: the same way the Nazis and the Conservatives were willing

1257
01:06:16,800 --> 01:06:20,200
Speaker 1: to work together. Now, the why the y as in

1258
01:06:20,560 --> 01:06:23,640
Speaker 1: why the Communists weren't willing to work with the Social

1259
01:06:23,680 --> 01:06:29,760
Speaker 1: Democrats leads us to this episode's secret hidden Bastard Joseph Stalin.

1260
01:06:34,080 --> 01:06:36,560
Speaker 1: So back in the nineteen twenties, the Communists of the

1261
01:06:36,600 --> 01:06:39,960
Speaker 1: world were a very centralized group. The German Communist Party,

1262
01:06:40,080 --> 01:06:42,720
Speaker 1: which saw substantial increases and voters right up until the

1263
01:06:42,800 --> 01:06:45,880
Speaker 1: Nazis came to power, was run by the Communist International,

1264
01:06:45,960 --> 01:06:48,120
Speaker 1: which was run by the Soviet Union, which was under

1265
01:06:48,160 --> 01:06:52,040
Speaker 1: the control of our old homeboy J. Stall Now. In

1266
01:06:52,160 --> 01:06:55,360
Speaker 1: nineteen the Common Turn had declared that world capitalism was

1267
01:06:55,480 --> 01:06:57,880
Speaker 1: entering its third period, a time of crisis in which

1268
01:06:58,080 --> 01:07:01,360
Speaker 1: capitalists ally with fascists for help in fighting back against

1269
01:07:01,440 --> 01:07:04,240
Speaker 1: organizing labor. This part was true, as we will get

1270
01:07:04,240 --> 01:07:06,720
Speaker 1: into later, but the Common Tern a k. A. Stalin

1271
01:07:06,840 --> 01:07:08,920
Speaker 1: also said that business would seek the help of the

1272
01:07:08,960 --> 01:07:12,400
Speaker 1: Social Democrats, who, because of their support for capitalism, were

1273
01:07:12,520 --> 01:07:16,000
Speaker 1: quote social fascists and thus just as bad as the

1274
01:07:16,080 --> 01:07:19,720
Speaker 1: Nazi Party. The reality is that Stalin simply didn't want

1275
01:07:19,720 --> 01:07:22,040
Speaker 1: the French and German relations to improve, because the more

1276
01:07:22,120 --> 01:07:24,280
Speaker 1: united Europe would represent a threat to his dominance and

1277
01:07:24,280 --> 01:07:27,280
Speaker 1: maybe to the Soviet unions continued survival. So he told

1278
01:07:27,280 --> 01:07:29,240
Speaker 1: the German Communist Party that they had to fight the

1279
01:07:29,240 --> 01:07:31,600
Speaker 1: Social Democrats rather than work with them to defeat the

1280
01:07:31,680 --> 01:07:36,120
Speaker 1: Nazis and stopped the rise of Hitler. So Stalin's in

1281
01:07:36,160 --> 01:07:42,480
Speaker 1: the mix. Stalin's in the mix. Where my goodness, he's

1282
01:07:42,480 --> 01:07:47,280
Speaker 1: got his fingers in this ship by two. So uh Now,

1283
01:07:47,560 --> 01:07:49,720
Speaker 1: since I've thrown the Communists under the bus, it's only

1284
01:07:49,760 --> 01:07:52,240
Speaker 1: fair that I say that capitalists also had a huge

1285
01:07:52,360 --> 01:07:55,800
Speaker 1: role in allowing the Nazis to seize power. Walter Funk

1286
01:07:56,120 --> 01:07:59,960
Speaker 1: was a German economist and future Reich Minister for Economic

1287
01:08:00,080 --> 01:08:03,160
Speaker 1: Affairs under the Nazis. He testified at Nuremberg that by

1288
01:08:03,240 --> 01:08:06,800
Speaker 1: nineteen thirty one, my industrial which means my business owning

1289
01:08:07,160 --> 01:08:09,320
Speaker 1: friends and I were convinced that the Nazi Party would

1290
01:08:09,320 --> 01:08:12,040
Speaker 1: come to power in the not too distant future in

1291
01:08:12,120 --> 01:08:14,520
Speaker 1: the Rise and Fall of the Third Reich. William Sharer,

1292
01:08:14,560 --> 01:08:16,760
Speaker 1: who interviewed both Funk and Hitler a number of times,

1293
01:08:16,800 --> 01:08:19,800
Speaker 1: describes how German big business came to stop worrying and

1294
01:08:19,840 --> 01:08:23,280
Speaker 1: love the Nazis in the summer of that year. Funk,

1295
01:08:23,360 --> 01:08:26,479
Speaker 1: a greasy, shifty eyed, paunchy little man whose face always

1296
01:08:26,520 --> 01:08:29,040
Speaker 1: reminded this writer of a frog. That sounds right, I

1297
01:08:29,080 --> 01:08:32,720
Speaker 1: like Shire. He's a good journalist. Yeah, you know what

1298
01:08:32,920 --> 01:08:36,080
Speaker 1: that description sounds about, right, Yeah. Gave up a lucrative

1299
01:08:36,160 --> 01:08:39,000
Speaker 1: job as editor of a leading German financial newspaper, the

1300
01:08:39,040 --> 01:08:42,360
Speaker 1: Berlinard Berze Tongue, and joined the Nazi Party and became

1301
01:08:42,360 --> 01:08:44,559
Speaker 1: a contact man between the party and a number of

1302
01:08:44,600 --> 01:08:48,080
Speaker 1: important business leaders. He explained Nuremberg that several of his

1303
01:08:48,120 --> 01:08:51,839
Speaker 1: industrialist friends, especially those prominent in the big Rhineland mining concerns,

1304
01:08:51,880 --> 01:08:54,599
Speaker 1: had urged him to join the Nazi movement quote in

1305
01:08:54,720 --> 01:08:56,920
Speaker 1: order to persuade the party to follow the course of

1306
01:08:56,960 --> 01:09:00,519
Speaker 1: private enterprise. Now this is a quote from Funk. At

1307
01:09:00,600 --> 01:09:03,400
Speaker 1: that time, the leadership of the party held completely contradictory

1308
01:09:03,400 --> 01:09:06,400
Speaker 1: in confused views on economic policy. I tried to accomplish

1309
01:09:06,439 --> 01:09:08,760
Speaker 1: my mission by personally impressing on the Fewer and the

1310
01:09:08,800 --> 01:09:12,160
Speaker 1: Party that private initiative, self reliance of the businessman, the

1311
01:09:12,240 --> 01:09:15,640
Speaker 1: creative powers of free enterprise, et cetera be recognized as

1312
01:09:15,640 --> 01:09:19,000
Speaker 1: the basic economic policy of the party. The Fewer personally

1313
01:09:19,040 --> 01:09:21,880
Speaker 1: stressed time and again during talks with me and industrial

1314
01:09:22,000 --> 01:09:24,160
Speaker 1: leaders to whom I had introduced him, that he was

1315
01:09:24,200 --> 01:09:26,800
Speaker 1: an enemy of state economy and of the so called

1316
01:09:26,840 --> 01:09:30,640
Speaker 1: planned economy, and that he considered free enterprise and competition

1317
01:09:30,720 --> 01:09:34,679
Speaker 1: as absolutely necessary in order to gain the highest possible production.

1318
01:09:35,439 --> 01:09:38,640
Speaker 1: So German bankers and businessmen began to pour money into

1319
01:09:38,680 --> 01:09:42,080
Speaker 1: the Nazi Party millions of reichsmark's worth. Their goal was

1320
01:09:42,120 --> 01:09:44,160
Speaker 1: the suppression of labor unions and an end to the

1321
01:09:44,160 --> 01:09:47,680
Speaker 1: Weimar government's equivalent of a minimum wage. The death of

1322
01:09:47,720 --> 01:09:51,839
Speaker 1: Democracy explains, the industrialist called for cuts and public spending

1323
01:09:51,840 --> 01:09:55,000
Speaker 1: in wages and a rollback of government regulation. As business

1324
01:09:55,120 --> 01:09:57,000
Speaker 1: leaders well knew, this was a program that could be

1325
01:09:57,000 --> 01:09:59,840
Speaker 1: achieved only through the exclusion of the political left, a

1326
01:10:00,040 --> 01:10:07,560
Speaker 1: especially the Social Democrats. So everybody's on board. We're all it.

1327
01:10:08,320 --> 01:10:11,400
Speaker 1: You get a few get you get to go to

1328
01:10:11,400 --> 01:10:14,519
Speaker 1: a concentration camp, like half of you go to camps

1329
01:10:14,880 --> 01:10:17,920
Speaker 1: if you get a camps. Now, the final bastard I'm

1330
01:10:17,920 --> 01:10:21,200
Speaker 1: going to introduce today in this exceptionally bastardful episode is

1331
01:10:21,240 --> 01:10:24,639
Speaker 1: a general named Kurt von Schleicher. He was the army's

1332
01:10:24,680 --> 01:10:27,439
Speaker 1: chief political lobbyist because the army had one of those,

1333
01:10:27,720 --> 01:10:31,120
Speaker 1: and so he represented the German Army or Reichswear in politics.

1334
01:10:31,479 --> 01:10:33,879
Speaker 1: The army had been severely limited by the Treaty of Versailles.

1335
01:10:33,960 --> 01:10:36,040
Speaker 1: They wanted an into that, and they also wanted more

1336
01:10:36,080 --> 01:10:38,919
Speaker 1: money to buy army things like expensive new battle cruisers.

1337
01:10:39,200 --> 01:10:41,559
Speaker 1: The Social Democrats preferred to spend that money on bullshit

1338
01:10:41,640 --> 01:10:43,479
Speaker 1: like bridges and foods, and in fact, one of their

1339
01:10:43,479 --> 01:10:49,200
Speaker 1: election slogans was food instead of a battleship, basically like yeah, um,

1340
01:10:49,280 --> 01:10:52,040
Speaker 1: so Schleicher in the military like the German industrialist, wanted

1341
01:10:52,080 --> 01:10:54,920
Speaker 1: to push the left entirely out of power. Schleiker did

1342
01:10:54,920 --> 01:10:57,200
Speaker 1: not like Adolf Hitler. There's a story that at one

1343
01:10:57,240 --> 01:10:59,439
Speaker 1: point he was talking to a Hitler supporter who kept

1344
01:10:59,520 --> 01:11:03,240
Speaker 1: gushing over how talented the Fewer was. Schliker responded, yes,

1345
01:11:03,360 --> 01:11:05,639
Speaker 1: it's just a pity that he's crazy. By the way,

1346
01:11:05,640 --> 01:11:07,320
Speaker 1: Schliker would be shot to death on the Night of

1347
01:11:07,360 --> 01:11:10,559
Speaker 1: Long Knives. But at this point in time, Schliker, who

1348
01:11:10,600 --> 01:11:12,640
Speaker 1: didn't like the Nazis, was still sure that once they

1349
01:11:12,680 --> 01:11:15,479
Speaker 1: got into power, they'd calmed themselves down and moderate themselves.

1350
01:11:15,560 --> 01:11:18,479
Speaker 1: He said, quote, we will make the Nazis believers in

1351
01:11:18,479 --> 01:11:20,559
Speaker 1: the state only when we let them at the trough,

1352
01:11:21,240 --> 01:11:26,200
Speaker 1: when has given somee power made them more moderate, not

1353
01:11:26,320 --> 01:11:30,280
Speaker 1: once at all of history. Well, okay, I'll put you

1354
01:11:30,320 --> 01:11:34,040
Speaker 1: in the same thing. Turn eleven year olds into soldiers. Yeah. Yeah,

1355
01:11:34,160 --> 01:11:36,920
Speaker 1: it's a bad idea. It's a bad idea. The reason

1356
01:11:36,960 --> 01:11:39,000
Speaker 1: that's usually justified for why he thought this is that

1357
01:11:39,000 --> 01:11:41,800
Speaker 1: the Social Democrats had at one point been a pretty

1358
01:11:41,880 --> 01:11:44,559
Speaker 1: radical left wing political party, and then they'd had to

1359
01:11:44,600 --> 01:11:47,680
Speaker 1: govern and it had turned them more moderate. So that

1360
01:11:47,760 --> 01:11:50,640
Speaker 1: does that happens with reasonable people who weren't from the

1361
01:11:50,640 --> 01:11:54,920
Speaker 1: get go claiming they want to do install a dictatorship. Right,

1362
01:11:55,560 --> 01:11:57,840
Speaker 1: It's like how Obama starts off with all this left

1363
01:11:57,840 --> 01:12:00,400
Speaker 1: wing talk and then he's more of a centrist in season.

1364
01:12:00,439 --> 01:12:05,400
Speaker 1: Power that happens with sane people, you know. It's like, yeah,

1365
01:12:05,479 --> 01:12:08,360
Speaker 1: it doesn't happen with the crazy people. Um, they don't

1366
01:12:08,400 --> 01:12:11,240
Speaker 1: get moderated by being given power and they don't compromise.

1367
01:12:11,920 --> 01:12:14,800
Speaker 1: So in nineteen thirty, a guy named Heinrich Brunning was

1368
01:12:14,840 --> 01:12:18,080
Speaker 1: elected Chancellor of Germany. Now Brenning was probably the last

1369
01:12:18,120 --> 01:12:21,679
Speaker 1: competent elected leader the Weimar Republic had. Brenning was famous

1370
01:12:21,680 --> 01:12:23,760
Speaker 1: for being a policy walk who mainly wanted to get

1371
01:12:23,760 --> 01:12:26,280
Speaker 1: the economy back on track again. He also wanted the

1372
01:12:26,280 --> 01:12:29,160
Speaker 1: government to ban the essay the Nazi Stormtroopers because he

1373
01:12:29,200 --> 01:12:31,840
Speaker 1: thought it was unreasonable that a fascist political party would

1374
01:12:31,840 --> 01:12:37,080
Speaker 1: be allowed to have a paramilitary army. Uh's coming here,

1375
01:12:37,120 --> 01:12:40,080
Speaker 1: I'm trying to be reasonable. This is not the story

1376
01:12:40,120 --> 01:12:44,320
Speaker 1: for a reasonable men to do well, um schlicker the

1377
01:12:44,360 --> 01:12:48,479
Speaker 1: German general like lobbyist guy. I thought the stormtroopers were

1378
01:12:48,520 --> 01:12:50,559
Speaker 1: useful because they were sort of a backup army, the

1379
01:12:50,600 --> 01:12:52,720
Speaker 1: German army was limited to a hundred thousand men. They

1380
01:12:52,720 --> 01:12:55,040
Speaker 1: were like a million something stormtroopers at this point. So

1381
01:12:55,040 --> 01:12:57,120
Speaker 1: we thought they were useful as like a force that

1382
01:12:57,160 --> 01:13:00,840
Speaker 1: he could call on if the country was invaded. Um

1383
01:13:00,880 --> 01:13:03,720
Speaker 1: So he talked to his buddy, President Paul van Hendenberg,

1384
01:13:03,920 --> 01:13:06,880
Speaker 1: who would be up for reelection soon. Uh and he

1385
01:13:06,960 --> 01:13:08,920
Speaker 1: told him that, you know, if he banned the stormtroopers,

1386
01:13:08,960 --> 01:13:11,799
Speaker 1: it's gonna not end well for you. Uh So Schliker

1387
01:13:11,840 --> 01:13:13,960
Speaker 1: tried to sabotage the band. He put together a file

1388
01:13:14,040 --> 01:13:17,160
Speaker 1: mostly filled with right wing news press clippings about violence

1389
01:13:17,200 --> 01:13:23,360
Speaker 1: perpetuated by the Social Democrats paramilitary organization because oh yeah, yeah, everybody,

1390
01:13:23,600 --> 01:13:25,760
Speaker 1: and during this whole period, it's important to understand there

1391
01:13:25,840 --> 01:13:28,639
Speaker 1: is a growing amount of fighting in the streets between

1392
01:13:28,680 --> 01:13:32,160
Speaker 1: the Nazis and the Social Democrats and the communists, and

1393
01:13:32,360 --> 01:13:36,880
Speaker 1: everybody has a little paramilitary army. It's not official. The

1394
01:13:36,880 --> 01:13:39,400
Speaker 1: parties usually don't officially endorse them as an army. Like

1395
01:13:39,439 --> 01:13:42,400
Speaker 1: the Nazis would claim that their stormtroopers were basically like

1396
01:13:42,479 --> 01:13:47,600
Speaker 1: a sports club, but they were stockpiling guns and and

1397
01:13:47,680 --> 01:13:50,240
Speaker 1: it is true that basically the file that Schliker sends

1398
01:13:50,240 --> 01:13:53,000
Speaker 1: to Hendenberg, he makes the case that many sides are

1399
01:13:53,000 --> 01:13:54,840
Speaker 1: to blame for the political violence in Germany, so you

1400
01:13:54,880 --> 01:13:57,760
Speaker 1: shouldn't blan banned the stormtroopers, and it's true that many

1401
01:13:57,840 --> 01:14:01,800
Speaker 1: sides had paramilitary armies, but the Nazis had by far

1402
01:14:01,880 --> 01:14:04,559
Speaker 1: the largest and the most violent, and we're killing the

1403
01:14:04,600 --> 01:14:10,840
Speaker 1: most people and also wanted to overthrow the state. So yeah,

1404
01:14:11,000 --> 01:14:14,439
Speaker 1: So Chancellor Brunning and the Reichstag passed the band anyway,

1405
01:14:14,640 --> 01:14:17,600
Speaker 1: even though Hindenberg and Schleicher did not want it. So

1406
01:14:17,720 --> 01:14:21,160
Speaker 1: Schliker engineered a vote of no confidence against Chancellor running

1407
01:14:21,760 --> 01:14:25,799
Speaker 1: the Nazis and the Communists backed him on this because

1408
01:14:25,800 --> 01:14:28,960
Speaker 1: the Communists don't like the government anyway, and they think

1409
01:14:29,000 --> 01:14:31,479
Speaker 1: that anything that's bad for the current government, which again

1410
01:14:31,479 --> 01:14:34,800
Speaker 1: they're not social democrats, their social fascists, so anything that's

1411
01:14:34,800 --> 01:14:38,719
Speaker 1: bad for them is good for communism. Why everybody dumb?

1412
01:14:39,040 --> 01:14:44,839
Speaker 1: Everybody's always dumb. That's democracy. Every that is the tagline

1413
01:14:44,840 --> 01:14:47,760
Speaker 1: of democracy is everybody gets not just a king's gonna

1414
01:14:47,800 --> 01:14:51,320
Speaker 1: be dumb. We're all gonna be dumb until we get

1415
01:14:51,320 --> 01:14:53,680
Speaker 1: a king again because we're all too dumb. That's how

1416
01:14:53,720 --> 01:14:56,000
Speaker 1: it works. So there's a vote of no confidence. But

1417
01:14:56,040 --> 01:14:58,680
Speaker 1: Brunning actually manages to defend himself well enough that he

1418
01:14:58,720 --> 01:15:02,360
Speaker 1: wins the vote. Schliker isn't willing to take this lying down,

1419
01:15:02,360 --> 01:15:04,680
Speaker 1: so he goes to Hennenburg and he convinces Hendenburg to

1420
01:15:04,720 --> 01:15:08,400
Speaker 1: demand Brenning's resignation anyway, on the grands that Brenning must

1421
01:15:08,439 --> 01:15:10,719
Speaker 1: be unpopular because people would have asked for a vote

1422
01:15:10,720 --> 01:15:13,960
Speaker 1: of no confidence. Uh. In reality, Schliker just wanted Brenning

1423
01:15:13,960 --> 01:15:15,920
Speaker 1: out of power because Brenning was a centrist who got

1424
01:15:15,920 --> 01:15:17,880
Speaker 1: in the way of Schliker's dreams of assembling a right

1425
01:15:17,880 --> 01:15:21,559
Speaker 1: wing coalition. So on the day Brenning resigned, Joseph Gebbels

1426
01:15:21,600 --> 01:15:24,439
Speaker 1: wrote in his diary with that the system has fallen.

1427
01:15:24,840 --> 01:15:26,760
Speaker 1: So I do want to say, if you want more

1428
01:15:26,800 --> 01:15:29,320
Speaker 1: detail on this whole thing, The Death of Democracy is

1429
01:15:29,360 --> 01:15:32,240
Speaker 1: a wonderful book that will will tell you much better

1430
01:15:32,240 --> 01:15:34,280
Speaker 1: than I did, everything that happened. So the gist of

1431
01:15:34,280 --> 01:15:36,320
Speaker 1: this is that increased polarization in the late twenties and

1432
01:15:36,360 --> 01:15:39,760
Speaker 1: early thirties led to the executive branch President Hendienburgh using

1433
01:15:39,760 --> 01:15:42,880
Speaker 1: more executive orders to get things done. Hennenberg didn't like

1434
01:15:43,000 --> 01:15:45,559
Speaker 1: using executive orders because he had the sign them, so

1435
01:15:45,640 --> 01:15:48,000
Speaker 1: if his policies were bad and things got fucked up.

1436
01:15:48,040 --> 01:15:50,800
Speaker 1: He couldn't avoid the blame. And if you remember talking

1437
01:15:50,840 --> 01:15:55,479
Speaker 1: about Hendenburg, his whole bow the blame, making sure his

1438
01:15:55,560 --> 01:16:00,479
Speaker 1: legacy is good exact. So, like Schliker, Hendenburg wanted to

1439
01:16:00,520 --> 01:16:02,680
Speaker 1: govern at the behest of a right wing coalition and

1440
01:16:02,760 --> 01:16:05,400
Speaker 1: completely ignored the Social Democrats and the left, who he

1441
01:16:05,439 --> 01:16:09,360
Speaker 1: hated and did not consider real Germans. Schliker promised Hendenberg

1442
01:16:09,439 --> 01:16:10,960
Speaker 1: that he could make this happen. So the next guy

1443
01:16:10,960 --> 01:16:13,040
Speaker 1: he put up for chancellor was a dude named Franz

1444
01:16:13,120 --> 01:16:16,360
Speaker 1: von Pappen now Poppin, was a conservative politician who was

1445
01:16:16,400 --> 01:16:19,200
Speaker 1: famous for being very dumb in mediocre. They basically wanted

1446
01:16:19,200 --> 01:16:21,360
Speaker 1: to use him as a puppet. Before World War One,

1447
01:16:21,360 --> 01:16:23,439
Speaker 1: Poppin had worked in New York City as a spy

1448
01:16:23,520 --> 01:16:26,439
Speaker 1: for the government, trying to sabotage the Allies. He got

1449
01:16:26,439 --> 01:16:28,920
Speaker 1: caught doing this and sent home. And when he was

1450
01:16:28,960 --> 01:16:31,439
Speaker 1: sent home, he sent ahead of him a bunch of

1451
01:16:31,479 --> 01:16:34,920
Speaker 1: private government documents uh and assumed that no one would

1452
01:16:34,960 --> 01:16:38,640
Speaker 1: search his luggage. They did search his luggage and the

1453
01:16:38,640 --> 01:16:41,280
Speaker 1: British game lists of all of the names of Germany spies.

1454
01:16:42,360 --> 01:16:44,160
Speaker 1: So this is the guy they're like, this guy is

1455
01:16:44,160 --> 01:16:45,960
Speaker 1: a great dude to have as a pawn because he's

1456
01:16:46,000 --> 01:16:48,640
Speaker 1: just dumb as fucked. He'll do what you said, So

1457
01:16:48,760 --> 01:16:52,599
Speaker 1: dumb motherfucker friends. Von Poppen is the chancellor now. Schliker

1458
01:16:52,640 --> 01:16:55,800
Speaker 1: got the Nazis to support this thoroughly mediocre candidate by

1459
01:16:55,800 --> 01:16:58,720
Speaker 1: promising that Poppin would repeal the ban on their stormtroopers.

1460
01:16:59,000 --> 01:17:01,599
Speaker 1: Poppin was elected, and he did just that. He also

1461
01:17:01,760 --> 01:17:05,160
Speaker 1: established special courts to deal with political violence by stripping

1462
01:17:05,160 --> 01:17:09,720
Speaker 1: perpetrators of their constitutional rights. He did this through executive orders. Now,

1463
01:17:09,720 --> 01:17:12,439
Speaker 1: the Brunning administration, who he had replaced, had also relied

1464
01:17:12,439 --> 01:17:15,480
Speaker 1: heavily on executive orders, but Brunning had had a parliamentary

1465
01:17:15,560 --> 01:17:18,080
Speaker 1: majority behind him, most of the country supported what he

1466
01:17:18,080 --> 01:17:21,240
Speaker 1: was doing. With popping in power, executive orders were used

1467
01:17:21,280 --> 01:17:24,600
Speaker 1: to ignore parliament entirely and govern without the Social Democrats.

1468
01:17:25,000 --> 01:17:28,000
Speaker 1: This wound up being a disaster by alienating the center

1469
01:17:28,160 --> 01:17:32,160
Speaker 1: left entirely. Schlicker and Hendenburgh made themselves totally dependent on

1470
01:17:32,200 --> 01:17:34,720
Speaker 1: the Nazis. Because the Nazis were now the biggest right

1471
01:17:34,720 --> 01:17:37,720
Speaker 1: wing party in politics, and rather than being content that

1472
01:17:37,760 --> 01:17:40,240
Speaker 1: they'd won some power, the Nazis started pushing for all

1473
01:17:40,280 --> 01:17:44,360
Speaker 1: of the power, because that's what Nazis do. Um. This

1474
01:17:44,439 --> 01:17:46,160
Speaker 1: is because the Nazis knew that they and their ideas

1475
01:17:46,200 --> 01:17:49,560
Speaker 1: could not survive long in power. Gebel's actually complained that

1476
01:17:49,600 --> 01:17:52,240
Speaker 1: they were winning themselves to death and elections because now

1477
01:17:52,280 --> 01:17:54,479
Speaker 1: that they had some guys in power, when ship would

1478
01:17:54,479 --> 01:17:57,519
Speaker 1: go wrong, the blame would on them. Yeah. So the

1479
01:17:57,600 --> 01:18:00,120
Speaker 1: Nazi Party achieved its best showing at a fair an

1480
01:18:00,120 --> 01:18:03,360
Speaker 1: open election on July thirty one, nineteen thirty one, with

1481
01:18:03,520 --> 01:18:06,080
Speaker 1: thirty seven point one percent of the vote. They never

1482
01:18:06,160 --> 01:18:09,400
Speaker 1: got more than that in an election. Wow. Yeah, that's

1483
01:18:09,439 --> 01:18:11,880
Speaker 1: the highest that in free and open election. That's the

1484
01:18:11,920 --> 01:18:16,599
Speaker 1: most popularity at seven. They celebrated this victory in true

1485
01:18:16,640 --> 01:18:19,200
Speaker 1: Nazi fashion with a shipload of violence. Several of them

1486
01:18:19,240 --> 01:18:21,640
Speaker 1: beat and then shot dead a left wing activist. These

1487
01:18:21,640 --> 01:18:24,719
Speaker 1: stormtroopers were arrested and because of Poppins new special courts,

1488
01:18:24,760 --> 01:18:27,320
Speaker 1: they were sentenced to death. The Nazis used this as

1489
01:18:27,320 --> 01:18:31,120
Speaker 1: an excuse to start attacking Poppin's administration. Now, the Nazis

1490
01:18:31,160 --> 01:18:34,360
Speaker 1: adventual goal was to get Hendenburgh to declare Hitler the Chancellor.

1491
01:18:34,760 --> 01:18:37,080
Speaker 1: They did this by threatening the thing he valued most,

1492
01:18:37,200 --> 01:18:40,040
Speaker 1: his legacy. There weren't enough Nazis in the Reichstag to

1493
01:18:40,080 --> 01:18:42,479
Speaker 1: impeach the president, but they did have enough deputies to

1494
01:18:42,520 --> 01:18:45,599
Speaker 1: propose to prosecute him for his illegal actions in office,

1495
01:18:45,880 --> 01:18:48,280
Speaker 1: like the executive orders he'd been using to ignore the

1496
01:18:48,320 --> 01:18:51,960
Speaker 1: Social Democrats. They threatened to do this, and again, the

1497
01:18:52,000 --> 01:18:54,960
Speaker 1: one thing Hendenburgh doesn't want is his legacy being tarnished

1498
01:18:55,000 --> 01:18:59,240
Speaker 1: by a court case. Maybe so Poppin, Schleicher and Hendenburg

1499
01:18:59,320 --> 01:19:01,880
Speaker 1: were left with very few options without Nazi support. Poppin

1500
01:19:01,920 --> 01:19:04,599
Speaker 1: couldn't remain chancellor since the Conservative Party did not have

1501
01:19:04,680 --> 01:19:07,559
Speaker 1: that many people anymore. Uh Their options were either to

1502
01:19:07,560 --> 01:19:10,600
Speaker 1: have Hendenburg dissolved the Reichstag, declare a state of emergency

1503
01:19:10,600 --> 01:19:13,360
Speaker 1: and governed as a dictator, or bring the Nazis into

1504
01:19:13,400 --> 01:19:16,200
Speaker 1: the government with Poppin the whole to clear a dictatorship,

1505
01:19:16,240 --> 01:19:18,360
Speaker 1: thing they thought would spark a civil war, so they

1506
01:19:18,360 --> 01:19:21,960
Speaker 1: decided once again to work with the Nazis. They offered

1507
01:19:21,960 --> 01:19:25,120
Speaker 1: the Nazis seats in Poppin's cabinet, but Hitler was no

1508
01:19:25,160 --> 01:19:27,759
Speaker 1: longer willing to compromise. The only thing he would accept

1509
01:19:27,760 --> 01:19:31,639
Speaker 1: now was the chancellorship, so Handenburgh dissolved the government yet again,

1510
01:19:31,680 --> 01:19:33,599
Speaker 1: in the hopes that the Nazis would lose some votes

1511
01:19:33,640 --> 01:19:36,720
Speaker 1: and yet another election and finally be forced to cooperate.

1512
01:19:37,160 --> 01:19:40,200
Speaker 1: But before Popin could dissolve the government, the Communists called

1513
01:19:40,200 --> 01:19:42,719
Speaker 1: for a vote of no confidence in him. The Nazis

1514
01:19:42,760 --> 01:19:50,519
Speaker 1: agreed with the Communists and the vote Hendenberg's original plan. Yeah, yeah, yeah,

1515
01:19:50,640 --> 01:19:54,040
Speaker 1: it's a wacky tail, right. So, Hindenberg's original plan had

1516
01:19:54,040 --> 01:19:56,240
Speaker 1: been to delay the next election, which was kind of

1517
01:19:56,280 --> 01:19:58,120
Speaker 1: sort of illegal, but he wanted to wait because the

1518
01:19:58,120 --> 01:20:00,240
Speaker 1: economy was getting better in an improved a on him,

1519
01:20:00,240 --> 01:20:02,400
Speaker 1: he would mean fewer votes for the Nazis, but the

1520
01:20:02,520 --> 01:20:05,719
Speaker 1: no confidence vote in Poppin spooked him. He still dissolved

1521
01:20:05,720 --> 01:20:09,200
Speaker 1: the Reichstag, but he didn't delay the election. This election

1522
01:20:09,240 --> 01:20:11,360
Speaker 1: did not go as well for the Nazis, since they

1523
01:20:11,720 --> 01:20:13,599
Speaker 1: was like the second election that year and they were

1524
01:20:13,640 --> 01:20:18,160
Speaker 1: running out of money. Now, yeah, the reichstad keep fucking dissolving.

1525
01:20:18,520 --> 01:20:22,280
Speaker 1: The Communists did, however, gain ground um, which scared Schliker

1526
01:20:22,280 --> 01:20:24,680
Speaker 1: because he thought that if the Nazi support evaporated, he

1527
01:20:24,680 --> 01:20:26,840
Speaker 1: would not be able to make his broad right wing

1528
01:20:26,880 --> 01:20:30,200
Speaker 1: coalition work. This was still his fucking goal, so Schliker

1529
01:20:30,240 --> 01:20:33,759
Speaker 1: betrays Poppin to Hendenberg and tells Hendenburg to fire Popping

1530
01:20:34,040 --> 01:20:37,799
Speaker 1: and allow Schliker to be chancellor. Because if he was chancellor,

1531
01:20:37,840 --> 01:20:39,960
Speaker 1: he thought he could assemble enough right wing support to

1532
01:20:40,040 --> 01:20:42,479
Speaker 1: run the government free of the pesky Social Democrats. His

1533
01:20:42,520 --> 01:20:44,599
Speaker 1: goal was to get some of the Nazis to break

1534
01:20:44,600 --> 01:20:47,679
Speaker 1: away from Hitler and agree to work with him. Yeah

1535
01:20:47,760 --> 01:20:53,559
Speaker 1: it didn't work. Yeah, that's not not Nazi. They stick together,

1536
01:20:53,920 --> 01:20:59,240
Speaker 1: that's why they won. Yeah. Um so Schliker fails miserably

1537
01:20:59,280 --> 01:21:03,280
Speaker 1: and then Popping backstabs him. Uh so. Poppin had liked

1538
01:21:03,320 --> 01:21:05,719
Speaker 1: being in power, and when Schleiker took his job, Poppin

1539
01:21:05,800 --> 01:21:08,959
Speaker 1: started talking with Hitler. They eventually came to an agreement.

1540
01:21:09,200 --> 01:21:12,960
Speaker 1: Poppin was friends with Hindenburg and he basically convinced him

1541
01:21:13,080 --> 01:21:16,559
Speaker 1: that it would work. The chancellor Schleiker was a bad idea,

1542
01:21:16,840 --> 01:21:20,559
Speaker 1: and instead Poppin should appoint Hitler chancellor and Poppin would

1543
01:21:20,560 --> 01:21:23,719
Speaker 1: be the vice chancellor. So now we're adding an advice chancellor.

1544
01:21:23,720 --> 01:21:27,080
Speaker 1: Now there's always been a vice chancellors. But then, can

1545
01:21:27,120 --> 01:21:29,840
Speaker 1: we see above RePOP and being dumb as fuck? How

1546
01:21:29,960 --> 01:21:31,920
Speaker 1: is he now in this position where he can convince

1547
01:21:31,920 --> 01:21:38,400
Speaker 1: anybody to do anything. Just Hendenberg Hendenburger buddies. Oh my god.

1548
01:21:40,280 --> 01:21:43,000
Speaker 1: So Hindenberg up until this point had expressed nothing but

1549
01:21:43,080 --> 01:21:46,599
Speaker 1: discussed for Hitler. But now he agreed to make him chancellor.

1550
01:21:47,040 --> 01:21:48,760
Speaker 1: It was the only way that he could box the

1551
01:21:48,800 --> 01:21:52,040
Speaker 1: Liberals out of government. Poppin assured him that all the

1552
01:21:52,080 --> 01:21:56,000
Speaker 1: good conservatives in the cabinet would successfully moderate Hitler's behavior.

1553
01:21:57,760 --> 01:22:00,559
Speaker 1: Poppin said, in a few months, we will pushed him

1554
01:22:00,600 --> 01:22:04,760
Speaker 1: so far into the corner that he will squeak. As

1555
01:22:04,800 --> 01:22:06,640
Speaker 1: it happened. Within a few months, the Nazis passed the

1556
01:22:06,720 --> 01:22:09,960
Speaker 1: Enabling Act with centralized all of Parliament's lawmaking powers within

1557
01:22:10,000 --> 01:22:13,799
Speaker 1: the administration. The Reichstag Fire and the Reichstag Fire Decree

1558
01:22:13,880 --> 01:22:16,559
Speaker 1: came not long after, and established the legal foundation of

1559
01:22:16,560 --> 01:22:20,440
Speaker 1: a Nazi dictatorship in Germany. None of this was necessary.

1560
01:22:20,560 --> 01:22:22,760
Speaker 1: It all came out of the desire by leaders on

1561
01:22:22,760 --> 01:22:25,040
Speaker 1: the right to completely box the left out of power.

1562
01:22:25,400 --> 01:22:29,000
Speaker 1: As The Death of Democracy explains, Herman Mueller's government in

1563
01:22:29,080 --> 01:22:32,760
Speaker 1: nineteen thirty had a stable majority. Heinrich Brunning had won

1564
01:22:32,760 --> 01:22:35,639
Speaker 1: a confidence vote in the Reichstag just days before Hendenburg

1565
01:22:35,680 --> 01:22:38,080
Speaker 1: sacked him. There was no need to call an election

1566
01:22:38,120 --> 01:22:41,200
Speaker 1: in nineteen thirty two. The crisis and the deadlock of

1567
01:22:41,280 --> 01:22:44,280
Speaker 1: thirty two and early nineteen thirty three, to which Hitler

1568
01:22:44,320 --> 01:22:47,759
Speaker 1: appeared as the only solution, was manufactured by a political

1569
01:22:47,840 --> 01:22:50,040
Speaker 1: right wing that wanted to exclude more than half of

1570
01:22:50,040 --> 01:22:54,480
Speaker 1: the population from political representation and refuse even the mildest compromise.

1571
01:22:54,920 --> 01:22:59,080
Speaker 1: To this end, a succession of conservative politicians Hugenberg, Brunning, Schleicher,

1572
01:22:59,160 --> 01:23:02,040
Speaker 1: Poppin and Hendenburg courted the Nazis is the only way

1573
01:23:02,080 --> 01:23:05,599
Speaker 1: to retain power on terms congenial to them. Hitler's regime

1574
01:23:05,800 --> 01:23:10,680
Speaker 1: was the result. If the Holocaust has a tagline, uh,

1575
01:23:10,680 --> 01:23:13,800
Speaker 1: it's never forget. You know, we've all heard that about it. Uh.

1576
01:23:13,800 --> 01:23:15,920
Speaker 1: Those are probably the two best words you can attach

1577
01:23:16,000 --> 01:23:17,920
Speaker 1: to a tragedy of that magnitude. But I think they

1578
01:23:17,920 --> 01:23:20,200
Speaker 1: are often interpreted too narrowly as saying we need to

1579
01:23:20,240 --> 01:23:22,280
Speaker 1: remember the victims of the Holocaust and the dangers of

1580
01:23:22,320 --> 01:23:25,040
Speaker 1: anti Semitism. We do need to remember those things, but

1581
01:23:25,120 --> 01:23:27,439
Speaker 1: we also need to remember how the Nazi Party came

1582
01:23:27,479 --> 01:23:29,920
Speaker 1: to power. That story is not told often enough, and

1583
01:23:29,960 --> 01:23:32,160
Speaker 1: when it is, it's usually boiled down to just Hitler

1584
01:23:32,320 --> 01:23:35,680
Speaker 1: was good at talking um. You know, The reality is

1585
01:23:35,720 --> 01:23:37,439
Speaker 1: that all of his charisma would have been worthless without

1586
01:23:37,439 --> 01:23:40,280
Speaker 1: a massive gang of people who are willing to cooperate, compromise,

1587
01:23:40,320 --> 01:23:42,479
Speaker 1: and work with him to try and achieve their own goals.

1588
01:23:42,760 --> 01:23:45,439
Speaker 1: They were not Nazis. They were journalists who knew Hitler's

1589
01:23:45,439 --> 01:23:48,599
Speaker 1: any speeches made good stories. They were communists who wanted

1590
01:23:48,600 --> 01:23:50,719
Speaker 1: to see the Right collapse in on itself and didn't

1591
01:23:50,760 --> 01:23:53,439
Speaker 1: want to compromise with the liberals. And more than anything,

1592
01:23:53,520 --> 01:23:57,080
Speaker 1: they were conservative politicians, intellectuals, and businessmen who thought that

1593
01:23:57,120 --> 01:23:59,320
Speaker 1: they could use the energy and passion of the Nazi

1594
01:23:59,439 --> 01:24:03,280
Speaker 1: movement without enabling its violence and extremism. All these people

1595
01:24:03,280 --> 01:24:06,760
Speaker 1: were wrong. Hitler was the result. Dorothy Thompson was a

1596
01:24:06,760 --> 01:24:09,720
Speaker 1: trailblazing female journalist in the early nineteen twenties. She was

1597
01:24:09,720 --> 01:24:11,320
Speaker 1: one of the first women on the radio, and she

1598
01:24:11,360 --> 01:24:13,600
Speaker 1: was a general badass. In nineteen twenties, she moved to

1599
01:24:13,640 --> 01:24:15,640
Speaker 1: Europe to further her career and wound up running the

1600
01:24:15,680 --> 01:24:18,360
Speaker 1: New York Posts bureau in Berlin. She was in Germany

1601
01:24:18,400 --> 01:24:20,240
Speaker 1: for the whole rise of Hitler in the Nazi Party,

1602
01:24:20,479 --> 01:24:22,439
Speaker 1: and for a very long time she was certain nothing

1603
01:24:22,439 --> 01:24:25,240
Speaker 1: would come of Nazism in nineteen twenty eight, she called

1604
01:24:25,320 --> 01:24:29,519
Speaker 1: Hitler a man of quote, startling and significance. The Nazis

1605
01:24:29,520 --> 01:24:31,559
Speaker 1: forced her out of the country in nineteen thirty four,

1606
01:24:31,600 --> 01:24:34,280
Speaker 1: as Hitler solidified his hold on power and instituted a

1607
01:24:34,320 --> 01:24:37,320
Speaker 1: purge of all journalists, foreign and domestic who threatened his regime.

1608
01:24:37,640 --> 01:24:40,320
Speaker 1: In nineteen thirty five, trying to understand why she hadn't

1609
01:24:40,320 --> 01:24:44,439
Speaker 1: seen Hitler coming, Dorothy Parker said this, no people ever

1610
01:24:44,560 --> 01:24:47,639
Speaker 1: recognized their dictator in advance. He never stands for election

1611
01:24:47,680 --> 01:24:50,680
Speaker 1: on the platform of dictatorship. He always represents himself as

1612
01:24:50,720 --> 01:24:54,640
Speaker 1: the instrument of incorporated national will. Seeing Hitler rise to

1613
01:24:54,680 --> 01:24:57,920
Speaker 1: power in and destroy armar democracy made Dorothy wonder if

1614
01:24:57,960 --> 01:25:00,599
Speaker 1: the same thing was possible in the United States. When

1615
01:25:00,640 --> 01:25:02,880
Speaker 1: our dictator turns up, you can depend on it that

1616
01:25:02,920 --> 01:25:04,519
Speaker 1: he will be one of the boys, and he will

1617
01:25:04,520 --> 01:25:11,439
Speaker 1: stand for everything traditionally American who now okay North They

1618
01:25:13,520 --> 01:25:17,120
Speaker 1: listeners may notice that we have with I think impressive

1619
01:25:17,200 --> 01:25:22,000
Speaker 1: will Power not mentioned anything about contemporary politics in this podcast.

1620
01:25:22,320 --> 01:25:25,080
Speaker 1: This is because number one, I want this to be

1621
01:25:25,120 --> 01:25:27,840
Speaker 1: as shareable as possible with your friends and relatives who

1622
01:25:27,880 --> 01:25:29,799
Speaker 1: may be on the more conservative end of the spectrum

1623
01:25:29,800 --> 01:25:33,439
Speaker 1: who may have voted for our current president in office. Um.

1624
01:25:33,479 --> 01:25:35,320
Speaker 1: This is, however, the point at which we're going to

1625
01:25:35,360 --> 01:25:40,040
Speaker 1: loosen those ourselves and talk about how everything in this

1626
01:25:40,120 --> 01:25:45,480
Speaker 1: fucking podcast sounds really got down god Like, it's so crazy,

1627
01:25:46,520 --> 01:25:52,080
Speaker 1: it's so crazy. But it's also you know, yeah, you know,

1628
01:25:52,160 --> 01:25:54,439
Speaker 1: you can't you can't let too many white men come

1629
01:25:54,479 --> 01:25:58,320
Speaker 1: together and start talking. They get together, they start talking,

1630
01:25:59,000 --> 01:26:01,800
Speaker 1: and things go heay wire, Okay, things go wrong. It

1631
01:26:01,880 --> 01:26:04,519
Speaker 1: was under you know, especially in partular to me, the

1632
01:26:05,479 --> 01:26:09,880
Speaker 1: you know, the industrial industrial men, the the wealthy conservative,

1633
01:26:09,920 --> 01:26:14,160
Speaker 1: the woods who want to keep their money. Uh, and

1634
01:26:14,200 --> 01:26:18,559
Speaker 1: we'll go to any lengths to keep it. And it's, um,

1635
01:26:18,600 --> 01:26:20,599
Speaker 1: you know, I'm not a rich person. I've never been rich,

1636
01:26:20,760 --> 01:26:22,960
Speaker 1: so I don't know what it is to be so

1637
01:26:23,120 --> 01:26:26,760
Speaker 1: rich that that becomes the only thing that matters is

1638
01:26:26,800 --> 01:26:29,320
Speaker 1: to just amass the wealth. And then I'm assuming, you know,

1639
01:26:29,320 --> 01:26:31,040
Speaker 1: against how we get into generational wealth, Like you just

1640
01:26:31,040 --> 01:26:32,719
Speaker 1: want your kids to be rich and then their kids

1641
01:26:32,760 --> 01:26:37,240
Speaker 1: to be rich. But I can't imagine h having so

1642
01:26:37,360 --> 01:26:39,400
Speaker 1: much money a lot of times being born into it

1643
01:26:40,040 --> 01:26:42,519
Speaker 1: and still being so terrified it's gonna go away to

1644
01:26:42,600 --> 01:26:46,320
Speaker 1: the point where you're like, all right, if a Nazi

1645
01:26:46,360 --> 01:26:48,800
Speaker 1: is what it takes, the Nazis what it takes well,

1646
01:26:48,840 --> 01:26:51,080
Speaker 1: and they don't. None of them thought a Nazi meant

1647
01:26:51,160 --> 01:26:53,759
Speaker 1: the Nazis will be the sole power. They thought they're

1648
01:26:53,800 --> 01:26:56,160
Speaker 1: just one more political party, and if we work with

1649
01:26:56,200 --> 01:26:58,639
Speaker 1: them and use their energy, it will help us stop

1650
01:26:58,640 --> 01:27:01,719
Speaker 1: those people who want to pay our workers more wages.

1651
01:27:01,760 --> 01:27:04,759
Speaker 1: And that's not gonna happen from But but like certain

1652
01:27:04,760 --> 01:27:07,599
Speaker 1: people in power from the beginning, they said things that

1653
01:27:07,640 --> 01:27:11,280
Speaker 1: were Craig but Night, and they said things that let

1654
01:27:11,360 --> 01:27:14,439
Speaker 1: you know who they thought were people and who they

1655
01:27:14,479 --> 01:27:16,800
Speaker 1: thought weren't. One of my favorite quotes, do you remember

1656
01:27:16,800 --> 01:27:19,080
Speaker 1: that guy Hans Litton who put Hitler on trial and

1657
01:27:19,200 --> 01:27:20,560
Speaker 1: wound up dying for it. One of the things he

1658
01:27:20,640 --> 01:27:23,120
Speaker 1: said in that court case when he was cross examining

1659
01:27:23,160 --> 01:27:26,439
Speaker 1: Hitler is don't listen to him. He's telling the truth,

1660
01:27:27,160 --> 01:27:29,519
Speaker 1: which is what none of these conservatives would do. Is

1661
01:27:29,520 --> 01:27:32,320
Speaker 1: like Hitler was said this, I want to be the

1662
01:27:32,400 --> 01:27:36,120
Speaker 1: sole power in Germany. It's always clear what he wanted, right, Yeah, well,

1663
01:27:36,160 --> 01:27:38,720
Speaker 1: that's I mean, that's who I I don't the mental gymnastics,

1664
01:27:39,000 --> 01:27:42,920
Speaker 1: you know, to believe that once someone is in power,

1665
01:27:43,400 --> 01:27:48,000
Speaker 1: the structures in place will somehow rain them in when

1666
01:27:48,160 --> 01:27:50,559
Speaker 1: the very act of that person getting into power shows

1667
01:27:50,560 --> 01:27:53,800
Speaker 1: you that the structures don't actually work, or rather, the

1668
01:27:53,840 --> 01:27:57,599
Speaker 1: structures aren't firm, aren't strong. I mean literally, she said, like,

1669
01:27:57,640 --> 01:28:01,280
Speaker 1: there are elections, like two, three times, so many fucking elections.

1670
01:28:01,280 --> 01:28:03,960
Speaker 1: How is that system gonna be the one to keep

1671
01:28:04,479 --> 01:28:08,640
Speaker 1: a want to be dictator from dictating? Yeah, and that

1672
01:28:08,680 --> 01:28:11,160
Speaker 1: was a big People just got so tired of politics

1673
01:28:11,720 --> 01:28:14,080
Speaker 1: that they were like, maybe it won't be so bad. Well, also,

1674
01:28:14,120 --> 01:28:16,120
Speaker 1: it numbs you, right if you're people are constantly running,

1675
01:28:16,120 --> 01:28:18,479
Speaker 1: which means they have to constantly say make bigger and

1676
01:28:18,520 --> 01:28:21,400
Speaker 1: bigger promises. They started to mean nothing after a while.

1677
01:28:21,800 --> 01:28:23,960
Speaker 1: So then you're kind of like, Okay, he says he

1678
01:28:24,000 --> 01:28:26,479
Speaker 1: wants to run the world, Let him do it. Yeah,

1679
01:28:26,640 --> 01:28:29,040
Speaker 1: it's like slash, is he gonna do it? Slash, We'll

1680
01:28:29,080 --> 01:28:30,880
Speaker 1: deal with him in three months ago. Yeah, he's probably

1681
01:28:30,920 --> 01:28:33,719
Speaker 1: not that serious. There'll be another election soon. It'll be fine, exactly,

1682
01:28:33,720 --> 01:28:35,400
Speaker 1: it will be next election will be out in six months.

1683
01:28:35,720 --> 01:28:37,000
Speaker 1: One of the things I did want to talk about

1684
01:28:37,040 --> 01:28:39,400
Speaker 1: that I initially had earlier in the in the episode,

1685
01:28:39,560 --> 01:28:41,479
Speaker 1: um is the you know, when we talked about sort

1686
01:28:41,479 --> 01:28:44,040
Speaker 1: of the coordination of the police and the Nazis, now

1687
01:28:44,080 --> 01:28:47,280
Speaker 1: the police at a very gentle hand, there is a

1688
01:28:47,320 --> 01:28:49,799
Speaker 1: long history of that that continues to the present day.

1689
01:28:50,160 --> 01:28:53,400
Speaker 1: In two thousands sixteen and activists with the Traditional Workers Party,

1690
01:28:53,439 --> 01:28:57,280
Speaker 1: which is as a Nazi organization. Yeah, that fucking Traditional

1691
01:28:57,280 --> 01:28:59,640
Speaker 1: Workers Party, you know what that is. Yeah, he was

1692
01:29:00,000 --> 01:29:03,920
Speaker 1: rested on a domestic violence charge. The police in fucking California,

1693
01:29:04,200 --> 01:29:06,880
Speaker 1: rather than dealing with this domestic violence charge, sat him

1694
01:29:06,880 --> 01:29:09,600
Speaker 1: down and gave him pictures of anti fascist activists and

1695
01:29:09,640 --> 01:29:12,760
Speaker 1: asked him for help identifying them. We're pretty much going

1696
01:29:12,800 --> 01:29:15,160
Speaker 1: after them, they told him, we're looking at you as

1697
01:29:15,200 --> 01:29:17,600
Speaker 1: a victim. Now. You can read about all this in

1698
01:29:17,640 --> 01:29:20,679
Speaker 1: a wonderful Guardian article called California police worked with neo

1699
01:29:20,760 --> 01:29:24,880
Speaker 1: Nazis to pursue anti racist activists, documents show, because that's

1700
01:29:24,920 --> 01:29:26,920
Speaker 1: not the only case, and there was even in the

1701
01:29:27,760 --> 01:29:31,559
Speaker 1: fighting in Portland between anti fascists and fucking right wing

1702
01:29:31,760 --> 01:29:35,000
Speaker 1: Nazi basically guys. Well, also white supremacists were brought into

1703
01:29:35,040 --> 01:29:38,360
Speaker 1: police forces around the country, certainly currently and currently but

1704
01:29:38,400 --> 01:29:40,720
Speaker 1: still but you know, we're talking back in the you

1705
01:29:40,760 --> 01:29:43,600
Speaker 1: know what I mean? The forties, fifties, sixties, seventies. You know,

1706
01:29:43,920 --> 01:29:45,760
Speaker 1: those are the people they said, you know, come join

1707
01:29:45,840 --> 01:29:48,120
Speaker 1: the police force and help us check these brown people

1708
01:29:48,120 --> 01:29:50,880
Speaker 1: who are starting to act like people who are starting

1709
01:29:50,880 --> 01:29:52,479
Speaker 1: to get too big for their bridges, who are starting

1710
01:29:52,520 --> 01:29:55,880
Speaker 1: to assert their power and their humanity in essence. And

1711
01:29:56,600 --> 01:29:59,920
Speaker 1: you know, then if those are people bought the police force,

1712
01:30:00,200 --> 01:30:02,240
Speaker 1: and they have children, and those children went to the

1713
01:30:02,240 --> 01:30:04,560
Speaker 1: police force, and they have communities, and they urged the

1714
01:30:04,720 --> 01:30:09,120
Speaker 1: communities to get involved in uh policing and security and

1715
01:30:09,880 --> 01:30:13,040
Speaker 1: government other government offices. When Martin Luther King was marching

1716
01:30:13,040 --> 01:30:15,080
Speaker 1: in the streets and police were shooting black people with

1717
01:30:15,240 --> 01:30:17,760
Speaker 1: fire hoses and stuff, those guys weren't all going like, boy,

1718
01:30:17,800 --> 01:30:20,320
Speaker 1: it's terrible that we're ordered to do this. And they

1719
01:30:20,320 --> 01:30:21,760
Speaker 1: were like, oh good, I get to shoot black people

1720
01:30:21,800 --> 01:30:24,520
Speaker 1: with the water hose. They actually, um, I have a suggestion.

1721
01:30:25,000 --> 01:30:28,760
Speaker 1: What if we got water hoses? Umna ben them with those?

1722
01:30:28,800 --> 01:30:30,880
Speaker 1: It could be fun, almost like a video game. And

1723
01:30:30,920 --> 01:30:33,840
Speaker 1: they weren't. They didn't because the civil rights movement one.

1724
01:30:33,880 --> 01:30:35,799
Speaker 1: They didn't just go like, I guess I was wrong.

1725
01:30:36,320 --> 01:30:39,680
Speaker 1: Time to treat everyone equal. Well that's the thing, right, No,

1726
01:30:39,680 --> 01:30:44,519
Speaker 1: no one went away. Yeah, they just batted down the hutches,

1727
01:30:44,880 --> 01:30:48,160
Speaker 1: and they just spoke in lower tones. They just kept

1728
01:30:48,200 --> 01:30:51,599
Speaker 1: to themselves. A couple of years before World War Two

1729
01:30:51,600 --> 01:30:55,639
Speaker 1: broke out, twenty thousand American Nazis members of the German

1730
01:30:55,680 --> 01:30:58,519
Speaker 1: American Bund, which was essentially a Nazi organization in the

1731
01:30:58,600 --> 01:31:01,680
Speaker 1: United States prior to World War Two. Twenty thousand of

1732
01:31:01,720 --> 01:31:04,280
Speaker 1: them gathered in Madison Square Garden to have a celebration

1733
01:31:04,320 --> 01:31:08,040
Speaker 1: of Hitler in the Nazis. It's scary to think about,

1734
01:31:08,320 --> 01:31:11,960
Speaker 1: but statistically, a significant number of the men who landed

1735
01:31:12,000 --> 01:31:15,240
Speaker 1: on the beaches at Normandy would have been perfectly happy

1736
01:31:15,360 --> 01:31:17,120
Speaker 1: if we'd wound up on the side of the Nazis

1737
01:31:17,160 --> 01:31:21,480
Speaker 1: in that war, because there was anti Semitism was incredibly

1738
01:31:21,560 --> 01:31:23,240
Speaker 1: rampant the United States at that time, which is why

1739
01:31:23,280 --> 01:31:25,760
Speaker 1: we refused to take tens of thousands of Jewish refugees

1740
01:31:25,800 --> 01:31:29,240
Speaker 1: before the Holocaust, many of whom drowned in the ocean

1741
01:31:29,280 --> 01:31:31,360
Speaker 1: because the boats we sent them back to Germany on

1742
01:31:31,520 --> 01:31:37,320
Speaker 1: sink Um. There was a huge amount of of fascist support. Lindenberg,

1743
01:31:37,400 --> 01:31:40,120
Speaker 1: Charles Lindenberg, who was the first guy to fly across

1744
01:31:40,160 --> 01:31:45,000
Speaker 1: the Atlantic, was a fascist and was a serious candidate

1745
01:31:45,080 --> 01:31:47,920
Speaker 1: for president at one point um and had a huge

1746
01:31:47,920 --> 01:31:52,280
Speaker 1: amount of support. There was a very prominent fascist movement

1747
01:31:52,320 --> 01:31:55,240
Speaker 1: in the United States until World War Two happened and

1748
01:31:55,360 --> 01:31:59,320
Speaker 1: things went underground. But never died, right, never died. When

1749
01:31:59,479 --> 01:32:02,680
Speaker 1: underground owns, you know, you have to as as it

1750
01:32:02,680 --> 01:32:06,240
Speaker 1: would underground from six take. Yeah, you know, that's where

1751
01:32:06,240 --> 01:32:09,080
Speaker 1: we get some of our greatest Reddit threads. You know,

1752
01:32:09,920 --> 01:32:13,320
Speaker 1: a lot of websites and groups. They just went into

1753
01:32:13,400 --> 01:32:16,320
Speaker 1: the Internet. They got together, they talked across states and

1754
01:32:17,160 --> 01:32:19,800
Speaker 1: made plans for when their time would come again. And

1755
01:32:19,840 --> 01:32:22,000
Speaker 1: when people would call them out on saying, like all

1756
01:32:22,040 --> 01:32:24,479
Speaker 1: these jew jokes you're making, and all these comments about

1757
01:32:24,680 --> 01:32:27,000
Speaker 1: brown people that you're making. You know, they say, no, no,

1758
01:32:27,040 --> 01:32:29,679
Speaker 1: this is where it's just irony. We're joking. We're joking again,

1759
01:32:30,000 --> 01:32:34,200
Speaker 1: think Hans Litton. Don't believe them. They're telling the truth exactly. Also,

1760
01:32:35,720 --> 01:32:40,000
Speaker 1: he ain't Charlie Chaplin, Yeah, he's not. He being our

1761
01:32:40,040 --> 01:32:42,519
Speaker 1: current president, is not a funny guy. He is not

1762
01:32:42,600 --> 01:32:45,599
Speaker 1: a man to be laughed at. Don't call him drump

1763
01:32:45,840 --> 01:32:51,760
Speaker 1: it's fucking dumb. He is a dangerous person. And you know,

1764
01:32:52,240 --> 01:32:56,680
Speaker 1: the inability and unwillingness, the the inabilities because of an

1765
01:32:56,720 --> 01:33:00,920
Speaker 1: unwillingness to work together. It is. It's so interesting to

1766
01:33:00,920 --> 01:33:03,479
Speaker 1: see a president that's literally not even pretending to be

1767
01:33:03,520 --> 01:33:06,280
Speaker 1: a president for everyone, and they're literally like, no, I'm

1768
01:33:06,320 --> 01:33:09,200
Speaker 1: only president to these folks, and I'm only here for

1769
01:33:09,280 --> 01:33:12,400
Speaker 1: the greater good of these folks, uh, and not in

1770
01:33:12,960 --> 01:33:14,640
Speaker 1: on one hand, they say like, I'm here for you

1771
01:33:14,680 --> 01:33:17,479
Speaker 1: working class American who was struggling, knowing that they're implementing

1772
01:33:17,479 --> 01:33:19,519
Speaker 1: policies that are the exact opposite of that, but truly

1773
01:33:19,600 --> 01:33:22,040
Speaker 1: that I'm actually only the president for a retroduced anding

1774
01:33:22,080 --> 01:33:26,240
Speaker 1: behind me, you know. And it's un you know, and

1775
01:33:26,280 --> 01:33:30,360
Speaker 1: that I think is what is so amazing. But also

1776
01:33:30,400 --> 01:33:34,439
Speaker 1: you know, I can the unfortunate thing. I mean, and

1777
01:33:34,439 --> 01:33:36,200
Speaker 1: I guess again what you're saying, which is so surprising,

1778
01:33:36,200 --> 01:33:40,880
Speaker 1: you know, to think that Germany was flourishing, especially in

1779
01:33:40,960 --> 01:33:45,920
Speaker 1: terms of education and people on the planet. How but

1780
01:33:46,760 --> 01:33:49,400
Speaker 1: that's how they almost conquered the world because they were

1781
01:33:49,479 --> 01:33:52,680
Speaker 1: the best educated technologically. What happened here is that they

1782
01:33:52,680 --> 01:33:55,360
Speaker 1: were just being They soon became so inundated with information

1783
01:33:55,400 --> 01:33:58,559
Speaker 1: because of these two things. I'm wondering, I'm kind of inferring, right,

1784
01:33:58,640 --> 01:34:00,840
Speaker 1: either get so inundated with information because you are having

1785
01:34:00,840 --> 01:34:03,960
Speaker 1: these elections every like three six, seven months. Yeah, you

1786
01:34:03,960 --> 01:34:06,679
Speaker 1: stopped paying attention to the details. And then also that

1787
01:34:07,520 --> 01:34:09,960
Speaker 1: you then have all these these people in power who

1788
01:34:09,960 --> 01:34:13,600
Speaker 1: are just intent on ruining everything? Is that what it is? Like?

1789
01:34:13,640 --> 01:34:16,639
Speaker 1: What happens to the left? Where do they take where

1790
01:34:16,640 --> 01:34:18,040
Speaker 1: do they take themselves? You know? I mean where do

1791
01:34:18,080 --> 01:34:20,400
Speaker 1: they do to kind of regroup? Well, within like a

1792
01:34:20,479 --> 01:34:23,160
Speaker 1: year or so with Hitler taking power, the left is illegal,

1793
01:34:23,479 --> 01:34:27,439
Speaker 1: The Social Democrats are banned, them minister banned, most of

1794
01:34:27,479 --> 01:34:31,000
Speaker 1: their leaders are in camps or flee the country. Um,

1795
01:34:31,120 --> 01:34:34,599
Speaker 1: And it's just like the thing is, most people are

1796
01:34:34,640 --> 01:34:37,280
Speaker 1: willing to vote and maybe protest. Most people are not

1797
01:34:37,320 --> 01:34:39,880
Speaker 1: willing to face down a gun for their beliefs, and

1798
01:34:39,920 --> 01:34:44,280
Speaker 1: the Nazis made that be the choice, and so people

1799
01:34:44,280 --> 01:34:47,200
Speaker 1: backed off, even though most of them never supported the Nazis.

1800
01:34:47,200 --> 01:34:49,760
Speaker 1: Most of them didn't like the Nazis, most of them

1801
01:34:49,800 --> 01:34:52,680
Speaker 1: thought Hitler was a silly man. By the time he

1802
01:34:52,800 --> 01:34:54,880
Speaker 1: was in power, it was too late. And I don't

1803
01:34:54,880 --> 01:34:56,920
Speaker 1: think that's the situation we're in right now. We have

1804
01:34:56,960 --> 01:34:59,680
Speaker 1: an older democracy and a stronger slightly older But then

1805
01:34:59,720 --> 01:35:01,599
Speaker 1: what I do think you know, as people talk about,

1806
01:35:01,640 --> 01:35:03,640
Speaker 1: you know, civility and things, it is amazing what you

1807
01:35:03,680 --> 01:35:07,439
Speaker 1: still see. What happens is you know, uh, when something

1808
01:35:07,560 --> 01:35:11,680
Speaker 1: doesn't immediately and directly affect you, it doesn't stay on

1809
01:35:11,720 --> 01:35:14,320
Speaker 1: the radar. There can be even initial outrage, but that

1810
01:35:14,520 --> 01:35:18,960
Speaker 1: outrage does not stay. Um, is not sustained when you

1811
01:35:19,000 --> 01:35:23,120
Speaker 1: can still go about your life and your business, you know, um.

1812
01:35:23,160 --> 01:35:27,680
Speaker 1: And so what happens especially you know again, the populations

1813
01:35:27,720 --> 01:35:30,599
Speaker 1: are so significantly smaller than than they are now and

1814
01:35:30,640 --> 01:35:34,000
Speaker 1: nowhere near as spread out as they are now. So

1815
01:35:34,280 --> 01:35:36,720
Speaker 1: where is the collective action of any kind when we're

1816
01:35:36,760 --> 01:35:38,600
Speaker 1: all over the place. I mean, think about this, the

1817
01:35:38,600 --> 01:35:41,639
Speaker 1: way the communists came after the left then the less switch,

1818
01:35:42,000 --> 01:35:44,280
Speaker 1: you know what I mean, Like they're all fighting and

1819
01:35:44,320 --> 01:35:46,120
Speaker 1: get when a nazis just to avoid the other person

1820
01:35:46,160 --> 01:35:49,639
Speaker 1: being in power. Now, now let's fracture it even further,

1821
01:35:50,600 --> 01:35:53,000
Speaker 1: which we are now in terms of our alignments in

1822
01:35:53,040 --> 01:35:54,880
Speaker 1: our policy. And you've got people on the fire left

1823
01:35:54,920 --> 01:35:57,040
Speaker 1: saying that you know, Hillary would have been just as bad,

1824
01:35:57,120 --> 01:36:00,559
Speaker 1: that the Liberals can't be trusted, and it's like we

1825
01:36:00,640 --> 01:36:03,760
Speaker 1: need to sane people on the right, sane people on

1826
01:36:03,800 --> 01:36:08,360
Speaker 1: the left. Liberals left wingers, conservatives who aren't racist. Everybody

1827
01:36:08,400 --> 01:36:12,559
Speaker 1: needs to begin right. We can get back to arguing

1828
01:36:12,560 --> 01:36:16,240
Speaker 1: about taxes when this is taxes like you know, you

1829
01:36:16,240 --> 01:36:19,400
Speaker 1: know the right pronoun and triggering language. Once we've dealt

1830
01:36:19,439 --> 01:36:22,160
Speaker 1: with the deal with this, we've got to all kind

1831
01:36:22,160 --> 01:36:23,680
Speaker 1: of be like, Okay, you said the wrong thing or

1832
01:36:23,720 --> 01:36:25,160
Speaker 1: you said it in the wrong way, but you still

1833
01:36:25,160 --> 01:36:27,000
Speaker 1: feel me that he's the worst. You still feel me

1834
01:36:27,040 --> 01:36:30,400
Speaker 1: that we don't want to dictator. Focus on that right now,

1835
01:36:30,840 --> 01:36:33,240
Speaker 1: and let's put a pin in that other issue, you know,

1836
01:36:33,520 --> 01:36:37,640
Speaker 1: or hashtag put a pin in it? Or can we

1837
01:36:37,760 --> 01:36:40,920
Speaker 1: or can we fight both issues with or not that fight?

1838
01:36:40,960 --> 01:36:42,680
Speaker 1: I mean also like you know, discuss you know, the

1839
01:36:42,720 --> 01:36:45,120
Speaker 1: social issues and things that are important. You know, you

1840
01:36:45,120 --> 01:36:47,760
Speaker 1: don't want to tear down something and then be left

1841
01:36:47,760 --> 01:36:51,320
Speaker 1: with nothing. You know, would be still left with fracturing

1842
01:36:51,320 --> 01:36:55,280
Speaker 1: and in fighting. But how do you have the band

1843
01:36:55,320 --> 01:36:57,920
Speaker 1: with for lack of a better term, to engage on

1844
01:36:57,960 --> 01:37:01,439
Speaker 1: both fronts. And it's it's hard. It requires The best

1845
01:37:01,439 --> 01:37:03,559
Speaker 1: thing we have is that there's a lot of us.

1846
01:37:03,920 --> 01:37:07,560
Speaker 1: Everyone doesn't need to be out in the street every day,

1847
01:37:07,600 --> 01:37:10,360
Speaker 1: but people need to always be out in the street.

1848
01:37:10,479 --> 01:37:12,680
Speaker 1: The fact that there are so many protests is a

1849
01:37:12,720 --> 01:37:16,080
Speaker 1: good thing as long as it doesn't lead to numbness. Um.

1850
01:37:16,439 --> 01:37:20,960
Speaker 1: Direct action is important. Disrupting the system that exists is important,

1851
01:37:21,000 --> 01:37:23,519
Speaker 1: and the most important thing to do is to vote

1852
01:37:23,920 --> 01:37:26,840
Speaker 1: and stop these people from being in So many people

1853
01:37:26,880 --> 01:37:30,360
Speaker 1: have got to be voted, fucking registered to vote, vote

1854
01:37:30,960 --> 01:37:36,120
Speaker 1: and actually go, yeah, go show up, you know, and

1855
01:37:36,439 --> 01:37:39,800
Speaker 1: it's employers let people go. Make it easy to go,

1856
01:37:39,880 --> 01:37:42,240
Speaker 1: set up a shuttle, say we're not starting work until noon.

1857
01:37:42,320 --> 01:37:44,760
Speaker 1: Do you have to do that? People can go. Yeah.

1858
01:37:44,760 --> 01:37:46,519
Speaker 1: If something like that's one of the things that these

1859
01:37:46,640 --> 01:37:49,639
Speaker 1: these guys, like fucking Elon Musk want want to be

1860
01:37:49,760 --> 01:37:52,320
Speaker 1: good guys, want to be the heroes. Paid a bus

1861
01:37:52,320 --> 01:37:55,800
Speaker 1: people to go vote. Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah. Like a

1862
01:37:55,800 --> 01:37:57,280
Speaker 1: lot of things you could do to help make it

1863
01:37:57,320 --> 01:37:59,560
Speaker 1: easier for folks to vote. Yeah, they don't want you

1864
01:37:59,560 --> 01:38:03,960
Speaker 1: to vote. Volunteer for a campaign, do a registration drive,

1865
01:38:04,040 --> 01:38:07,679
Speaker 1: get out in the street, just do do something. Because

1866
01:38:07,720 --> 01:38:11,759
Speaker 1: the fact it took, as this I Hope podcast has shown,

1867
01:38:11,800 --> 01:38:15,120
Speaker 1: it took a lot of people collaborating with the Nazis,

1868
01:38:15,120 --> 01:38:17,960
Speaker 1: but it also took a lot of people not doing anything.

1869
01:38:18,560 --> 01:38:24,120
Speaker 1: There were a lot of artists and musicians and people

1870
01:38:24,160 --> 01:38:28,160
Speaker 1: who wonderful people in Weimar Germany who just didn't pay

1871
01:38:28,200 --> 01:38:30,280
Speaker 1: that much attention to politics because it was a bummer

1872
01:38:30,520 --> 01:38:33,080
Speaker 1: and went on living their lives and then they wound

1873
01:38:33,160 --> 01:38:36,880
Speaker 1: up in fucking camps. Uh. And it's I do want

1874
01:38:36,880 --> 01:38:40,120
Speaker 1: to make it clear. I don't think Donald Trump is

1875
01:38:40,240 --> 01:38:44,000
Speaker 1: a Nazi because Nazism is a very specific political ideology,

1876
01:38:44,040 --> 01:38:45,920
Speaker 1: and I don't think he has a very political idea

1877
01:38:46,200 --> 01:38:49,439
Speaker 1: specific political ideology. But I do think that he has

1878
01:38:49,520 --> 01:38:53,280
Speaker 1: fascist instincts. And Benito Mussolini was not a Nazi, but

1879
01:38:53,320 --> 01:38:55,920
Speaker 1: he was a fascist. Francisco Franco was not a Nazi,

1880
01:38:56,000 --> 01:38:59,120
Speaker 1: but he was a fascist. The I alone can fix,

1881
01:38:59,240 --> 01:39:01,840
Speaker 1: which he said in a one of his speeches running

1882
01:39:01,920 --> 01:39:04,360
Speaker 1: up to the election, that's a that's a fascist statement.

1883
01:39:04,560 --> 01:39:07,040
Speaker 1: Declaring press the enemy of the people, which is again

1884
01:39:07,080 --> 01:39:09,639
Speaker 1: a direct quote, that's a fascist statement. These are things

1885
01:39:09,640 --> 01:39:13,639
Speaker 1: fascists do, is declare enemies of the people. In fact,

1886
01:39:13,680 --> 01:39:19,840
Speaker 1: anytime someone uses the phrase of the people concerned, Yeah,

1887
01:39:20,800 --> 01:39:23,280
Speaker 1: it's pretty close to Volkska mine shaft, which was one

1888
01:39:23,280 --> 01:39:28,839
Speaker 1: of Hitler's big taglines. Yeah, so pay for the weekend.

1889
01:39:29,360 --> 01:39:32,400
Speaker 1: I got for a weekend. I'm like every time I

1890
01:39:32,439 --> 01:39:34,880
Speaker 1: hear some way this, I'm like, Okay, I gotta bulk up.

1891
01:39:35,160 --> 01:39:39,320
Speaker 1: I gotta get ripped, I gotta get I gotta get shredded,

1892
01:39:39,320 --> 01:39:41,519
Speaker 1: getting get ready to run, gotta get ready to start

1893
01:39:41,360 --> 01:39:44,679
Speaker 1: out underground railroads shouldn't need a ride. Maybe it's time

1894
01:39:44,680 --> 01:39:46,120
Speaker 1: for people on the left to start. Well, I'm not

1895
01:39:46,160 --> 01:39:51,439
Speaker 1: gonna suggest stockpiling arms on my podcast, but well I do,

1896
01:39:51,560 --> 01:39:53,120
Speaker 1: but I but I do. But I have thought about

1897
01:39:53,120 --> 01:39:55,639
Speaker 1: the idea. Like all the people who are good at guns,

1898
01:39:56,120 --> 01:39:59,160
Speaker 1: I want to kill me. Like all the people who

1899
01:39:59,200 --> 01:40:03,000
Speaker 1: are good at guns are the scary ones. I think

1900
01:40:03,000 --> 01:40:04,920
Speaker 1: it's important. I'm a I'm a gun owner. I've been

1901
01:40:04,920 --> 01:40:07,559
Speaker 1: a gun owner my entire adult life. I also support

1902
01:40:07,560 --> 01:40:09,320
Speaker 1: a lot more gun control than we have right now.

1903
01:40:09,360 --> 01:40:13,519
Speaker 1: And I think are the there's always a dog in

1904
01:40:13,560 --> 01:40:15,800
Speaker 1: the office, which is part of why this podcast has

1905
01:40:15,840 --> 01:40:18,400
Speaker 1: such a strong moral compass, because dogs are better than people.

1906
01:40:18,520 --> 01:40:21,479
Speaker 1: I just thought that should be noted. Um. The dog's

1907
01:40:21,520 --> 01:40:25,519
Speaker 1: name is Anderson, and it's he's wonderful. Um. So I

1908
01:40:25,720 --> 01:40:29,760
Speaker 1: think that you can you can both uh support way

1909
01:40:29,760 --> 01:40:32,160
Speaker 1: better gun control than we have and also understand that

1910
01:40:33,479 --> 01:40:35,680
Speaker 1: all of the nazis having all the guns in the

1911
01:40:35,720 --> 01:40:39,200
Speaker 1: country is not a good thing the far right, and

1912
01:40:39,280 --> 01:40:42,639
Speaker 1: because I guarantee you every single person who identifies as

1913
01:40:42,640 --> 01:40:45,519
Speaker 1: a Nazi has a lot of guns, and there are

1914
01:40:45,720 --> 01:40:48,160
Speaker 1: they've been marched, they marched in Charlottesville. All those people

1915
01:40:48,200 --> 01:40:51,439
Speaker 1: have arsenals, their stockpiling bullets. You can if you go

1916
01:40:51,479 --> 01:40:53,800
Speaker 1: to their forums, you can hear them right about how

1917
01:40:53,840 --> 01:41:01,160
Speaker 1: many bullets their stockpiling. Yep, yes, it taking a weekend.

1918
01:41:01,320 --> 01:41:03,880
Speaker 1: I want to do some things to make myself ready.

1919
01:41:04,600 --> 01:41:06,640
Speaker 1: And you know, if you happen to live on the

1920
01:41:06,680 --> 01:41:09,400
Speaker 1: East coast in the DC area, on the I think

1921
01:41:09,439 --> 01:41:12,040
Speaker 1: eleventh and twelfth, there is the sequel to that Unite

1922
01:41:12,080 --> 01:41:14,200
Speaker 1: the Right rally in d C. So there will be

1923
01:41:14,240 --> 01:41:17,280
Speaker 1: more fascists marching in d C, like as marched in

1924
01:41:17,360 --> 01:41:21,280
Speaker 1: Charlottesville last year. I will be there, uh so you

1925
01:41:21,320 --> 01:41:24,120
Speaker 1: know you might see me reading out a special neo

1926
01:41:24,200 --> 01:41:26,880
Speaker 1: Nazi focused episode of this podcast. If you happen to

1927
01:41:26,920 --> 01:41:31,639
Speaker 1: show up and protest. The actual fucking will call themselves Nazis.

1928
01:41:31,720 --> 01:41:33,720
Speaker 1: Nazis in d C in a couple of weeks, so

1929
01:41:35,080 --> 01:41:40,000
Speaker 1: be careful. They probably won't be that many of them. Yeah,

1930
01:41:40,439 --> 01:41:44,479
Speaker 1: but be careful, alright, I think that's I think we're

1931
01:41:44,560 --> 01:41:46,880
Speaker 1: we're pretty good. We're gonna run this as a one partter,

1932
01:41:47,000 --> 01:41:48,960
Speaker 1: even though normally an episode this long will be a

1933
01:41:48,960 --> 01:41:50,479
Speaker 1: two partter because I don't want to break it up.

1934
01:41:50,479 --> 01:41:53,920
Speaker 1: But please do share this with people who you think

1935
01:41:53,920 --> 01:41:56,400
Speaker 1: can be convinced that there is a problem right now.

1936
01:41:56,520 --> 01:42:00,200
Speaker 1: We have specifically kept the historical portion of this podcast

1937
01:42:00,240 --> 01:42:04,240
Speaker 1: free of political editorializing and comments about just in the

1938
01:42:04,280 --> 01:42:06,519
Speaker 1: hopes that it will be more accessible to more people.

1939
01:42:06,560 --> 01:42:08,880
Speaker 1: You can tell them to shut it off when Naomi

1940
01:42:08,920 --> 01:42:11,639
Speaker 1: and I start our conversation. Maybe they'll be on board

1941
01:42:11,680 --> 01:42:16,040
Speaker 1: by that point. But please, like, do share this. I

1942
01:42:16,080 --> 01:42:19,200
Speaker 1: think this information is important. And also give a read

1943
01:42:19,240 --> 01:42:21,919
Speaker 1: to the Death of Democracy. It is a deeply important

1944
01:42:21,920 --> 01:42:25,840
Speaker 1: book that came out this year for good reason, so

1945
01:42:26,400 --> 01:42:28,320
Speaker 1: it goes into even more to tail about why the

1946
01:42:28,320 --> 01:42:31,360
Speaker 1: Weimar government led to the Nazis. Please read it, all right, Naomi,

1947
01:42:31,400 --> 01:42:34,280
Speaker 1: you want to plug your plug doubles? Uh, you know what,

1948
01:42:34,439 --> 01:42:36,600
Speaker 1: it's so very different. But if you do want to

1949
01:42:36,640 --> 01:42:38,439
Speaker 1: break from some of the real talk and you want

1950
01:42:38,439 --> 01:42:41,120
Speaker 1: a little joke, why don't you subscribe? Give a listen

1951
01:42:41,120 --> 01:42:45,559
Speaker 1: to Couples Therapy podcast. On that podcast, co hosted by

1952
01:42:45,640 --> 01:42:49,360
Speaker 1: me and my fiance Andy Beckerman. We bring the best

1953
01:42:49,400 --> 01:42:52,120
Speaker 1: sets from our live show Couples Therapy, where two comics

1954
01:42:52,160 --> 01:42:55,439
Speaker 1: two sets together about their relationship, and we sprinkle my

1955
01:42:55,520 --> 01:42:58,280
Speaker 1: name with some in studio guests, some in studio combo

1956
01:42:58,320 --> 01:43:00,880
Speaker 1: between Andy and I. It is a fun time. It

1957
01:43:00,960 --> 01:43:03,640
Speaker 1: is a light time. But also Andy might take a

1958
01:43:03,640 --> 01:43:05,439
Speaker 1: couple of moments to talk about our national nightmare right

1959
01:43:05,439 --> 01:43:08,160
Speaker 1: down then, and I was telling him, no national nightmare.

1960
01:43:08,280 --> 01:43:11,559
Speaker 1: People need a break, and we do. And I recommend

1961
01:43:11,600 --> 01:43:14,880
Speaker 1: your podcast thoroughly because everyone who just finished listening to

1962
01:43:14,880 --> 01:43:17,240
Speaker 1: this could probably use a break, need a little boost. Yeah,

1963
01:43:17,320 --> 01:43:19,840
Speaker 1: I need a little boost, and and hopefully not just

1964
01:43:19,880 --> 01:43:22,800
Speaker 1: more drinking your sadness away, which is what I'll be

1965
01:43:22,800 --> 01:43:25,040
Speaker 1: doing tonight. You can find me on Twitter at I

1966
01:43:25,120 --> 01:43:28,080
Speaker 1: write Okay, just two letters. I also have a book

1967
01:43:28,080 --> 01:43:31,439
Speaker 1: on Amazon, A Brief History of Ice. It's about drugs.

1968
01:43:33,400 --> 01:43:35,559
Speaker 1: Our podcast is on social media too. You can find

1969
01:43:35,600 --> 01:43:38,639
Speaker 1: us on Twitter at at Bastards Pod. You can find

1970
01:43:38,680 --> 01:43:40,400
Speaker 1: us on Instagram the same way you can find us

1971
01:43:40,439 --> 01:43:42,880
Speaker 1: on the internet at behind the Bastards dot com. Every

1972
01:43:42,960 --> 01:43:45,759
Speaker 1: source for this podcast, including the three books I used,

1973
01:43:45,920 --> 01:43:49,240
Speaker 1: the Rise and Follow the third Reich year that made

1974
01:43:49,320 --> 01:43:51,559
Speaker 1: Hitler and the death of democracy. All of those sources

1975
01:43:51,560 --> 01:43:53,559
Speaker 1: and all the articles that I used for this will

1976
01:43:53,600 --> 01:43:56,920
Speaker 1: all be on the website, so I absolutely encourage you

1977
01:43:56,960 --> 01:43:59,920
Speaker 1: to read up. Everybody, have a good weekend, stay safe,

1978
01:44:00,080 --> 01:44:05,439
Speaker 1: and get out in the streets when you can. H