1 00:00:05,120 --> 00:00:09,280 Speaker 1: Welcome to the Bloomberg Surveillance Podcast Downtown Keene. Along with 2 00:00:09,440 --> 00:00:13,200 Speaker 1: Jonathan Ferroll and Lisa Brownwitz Jay Leye, we bring you 3 00:00:13,320 --> 00:00:18,600 Speaker 1: insight from the best and economics, finance, investment and international relations, 4 00:00:18,960 --> 00:00:23,840 Speaker 1: Fine Bloomberg Surveillance and Apple podcast SoundCloud, Bloomberg dot Com, 5 00:00:23,920 --> 00:00:30,160 Speaker 1: and of course on the Bloomberg terminal. John's just simple, 6 00:00:30,160 --> 00:00:32,559 Speaker 1: we're opening up, we're doing better, and we're opening up 7 00:00:32,560 --> 00:00:35,479 Speaker 1: pretty quickly. Ben later joining us now tell Hudson Research 8 00:00:35,560 --> 00:00:38,560 Speaker 1: CEO Ben fantastic to catch up with you, sir. Let's 9 00:00:38,560 --> 00:00:40,400 Speaker 1: just start with a simple one. It's the path of 10 00:00:40,520 --> 00:00:46,360 Speaker 1: least resistance for equities still higher. Simple answers. Yes, I mean, 11 00:00:46,560 --> 00:00:48,279 Speaker 1: I think we're very focused on the sort of bond 12 00:00:48,360 --> 00:00:51,400 Speaker 1: market in the tantrum and everything we've had, and that's 13 00:00:51,400 --> 00:00:54,200 Speaker 1: gonna bring valuations down. They're always going to come down 14 00:00:54,280 --> 00:00:56,240 Speaker 1: from the sort of you know, twenty three times PU. 15 00:00:56,240 --> 00:00:57,800 Speaker 1: It was not a normal number of the S and P. 16 00:00:58,520 --> 00:01:00,960 Speaker 1: It was a reflection of these very rest earnings. Earnings 17 00:01:00,960 --> 00:01:04,720 Speaker 1: are now bouncing back, you know, very quickly, and things 18 00:01:04,800 --> 00:01:07,240 Speaker 1: like the stimulus just give us more and more visibility 19 00:01:07,280 --> 00:01:09,360 Speaker 1: on that. I think we're set up for a big 20 00:01:09,400 --> 00:01:13,279 Speaker 1: earnings surprise. This year, We're gonna get strowth, not twenty 21 00:01:13,280 --> 00:01:15,640 Speaker 1: out of the US, We're gonna get forty, not thirty 22 00:01:15,680 --> 00:01:18,880 Speaker 1: out of international. That is a huge insurance policy to 23 00:01:19,480 --> 00:01:22,280 Speaker 1: somewhat lower evaluations, and I think sets you up for, 24 00:01:22,600 --> 00:01:26,559 Speaker 1: you know, another another very rare strong year for US 25 00:01:26,600 --> 00:01:29,800 Speaker 1: and global equities. Ben later coming out of HSBC with 26 00:01:29,880 --> 00:01:32,399 Speaker 1: that wonderful car you made two years ago, and then 27 00:01:32,400 --> 00:01:35,160 Speaker 1: with Tara Hudson, and you've announced you're moving on to 28 00:01:35,240 --> 00:01:38,680 Speaker 1: a wonderful new opportunity. The timeline of that is what 29 00:01:38,880 --> 00:01:42,120 Speaker 1: is key here, Ben Laidler, No one but you has 30 00:01:42,160 --> 00:01:47,160 Speaker 1: talked about the robustness of this ballmarket a three year run. 31 00:01:47,640 --> 00:01:50,880 Speaker 1: How does this end? Well, how do you visualize that 32 00:01:51,000 --> 00:01:54,720 Speaker 1: the double digit Ben Laidler's stock market ends out there? 33 00:01:56,280 --> 00:01:59,040 Speaker 1: I mean, ultimately it gets killed by the fed um 34 00:02:00,000 --> 00:02:03,400 Speaker 1: either a prematurely by a by a policy mistake, which 35 00:02:03,520 --> 00:02:06,840 Speaker 1: I don't think we're going to get. I think, you know, 36 00:02:06,920 --> 00:02:09,919 Speaker 1: Chairman Powell has been very very clear that rates are 37 00:02:10,320 --> 00:02:12,760 Speaker 1: at least at the short end of staying are staying 38 00:02:12,840 --> 00:02:15,600 Speaker 1: low for low for longer. But you know, ultimately they're 39 00:02:15,600 --> 00:02:17,320 Speaker 1: going to have to They're gonna have to tape her, 40 00:02:17,360 --> 00:02:20,960 Speaker 1: and but I think that's a discussion for another day. 41 00:02:21,080 --> 00:02:23,200 Speaker 1: I you know, I don't think that's a discussion for 42 00:02:23,200 --> 00:02:24,800 Speaker 1: the next sort of six or nine months. So I 43 00:02:24,800 --> 00:02:26,280 Speaker 1: think that's a little bit of a red herring. I 44 00:02:26,280 --> 00:02:30,280 Speaker 1: think the focus right now is this unfolding growth surprise, 45 00:02:30,760 --> 00:02:33,760 Speaker 1: which I don't think we have sort of fully baked 46 00:02:33,800 --> 00:02:38,239 Speaker 1: into numbers, and especially from these sort of cyclicals, reopeners, 47 00:02:38,440 --> 00:02:41,320 Speaker 1: sort of value stocks, where I think that rotation has 48 00:02:41,680 --> 00:02:43,720 Speaker 1: just begun in the last sort of month or so, 49 00:02:43,880 --> 00:02:46,560 Speaker 1: and after a decade of under performance. So I think 50 00:02:46,600 --> 00:02:48,280 Speaker 1: to be calling the end of that or the top 51 00:02:48,320 --> 00:02:51,040 Speaker 1: of that right now is is dramatically premature. But I 52 00:02:51,080 --> 00:02:53,080 Speaker 1: want to serve this idea of a policy error for 53 00:02:53,120 --> 00:02:54,840 Speaker 1: a little bit, because there are some people who say 54 00:02:54,840 --> 00:02:56,760 Speaker 1: there would be a policy error the FED does not 55 00:02:56,960 --> 00:02:59,640 Speaker 1: hike rates in the face of persistent two and a 56 00:02:59,639 --> 00:03:02,640 Speaker 1: half per cent inflation. Do you think that if we 57 00:03:02,760 --> 00:03:05,320 Speaker 1: do get that kind of inflation, which Morgan Stanley frankly 58 00:03:05,400 --> 00:03:07,880 Speaker 1: is calling for next year, do you think then that 59 00:03:07,919 --> 00:03:09,960 Speaker 1: it would be appropriate for the third to raise rates, 60 00:03:09,960 --> 00:03:12,440 Speaker 1: that it would be taken well by the equity markets, 61 00:03:12,520 --> 00:03:14,520 Speaker 1: or do you think that would totally change the narrative 62 00:03:14,760 --> 00:03:18,919 Speaker 1: and would make you reassess your car and equities. Yeah, 63 00:03:18,919 --> 00:03:21,440 Speaker 1: I mean, I don't think we're looking at those sort 64 00:03:21,440 --> 00:03:23,160 Speaker 1: of inflation numbers. I mean I think we've got a 65 00:03:23,160 --> 00:03:26,360 Speaker 1: lot baked in already. I mean, inflation expectations, market inflation 66 00:03:26,360 --> 00:03:29,880 Speaker 1: expectations already sort of over over two percent, sort of 67 00:03:29,919 --> 00:03:32,760 Speaker 1: medium term. Again, I think we've sort of baked baked 68 00:03:32,800 --> 00:03:35,720 Speaker 1: a lot in there. Um. You know, despite you know, 69 00:03:35,760 --> 00:03:38,960 Speaker 1: this recovery narrative, we're still coming off very depressed levels. 70 00:03:38,960 --> 00:03:41,120 Speaker 1: It's still a very big output gap. There were start 71 00:03:41,280 --> 00:03:44,120 Speaker 1: very depressed sort of segments of the of the labor market. 72 00:03:44,160 --> 00:03:46,360 Speaker 1: We had a core inflation number sort of last week 73 00:03:46,400 --> 00:03:48,840 Speaker 1: well well below that sort of two percent number, So 74 00:03:49,000 --> 00:03:50,400 Speaker 1: you know, we're going to get a sort of headline 75 00:03:50,440 --> 00:03:52,800 Speaker 1: spike over the next few months off this sort of 76 00:03:52,880 --> 00:03:55,040 Speaker 1: very depressed sort of base level. But I think to 77 00:03:55,080 --> 00:03:57,600 Speaker 1: be calling for those sort of you know, north of 78 00:03:57,640 --> 00:04:00,400 Speaker 1: two percent core inflation numbers, which is really gonna get 79 00:04:00,440 --> 00:04:03,320 Speaker 1: the Fed sort of concerned and and looking to sort 80 00:04:03,320 --> 00:04:06,520 Speaker 1: of unwind um this sort of very easy policy starts. 81 00:04:07,240 --> 00:04:10,320 Speaker 1: I think to me having that discussion now, I just 82 00:04:10,360 --> 00:04:12,400 Speaker 1: think I just think it's too early. Let's just go 83 00:04:12,440 --> 00:04:15,440 Speaker 1: through the headlines from the Goldman note from last Friday 84 00:04:15,520 --> 00:04:18,400 Speaker 1: to the revisions to forecasts eight percent GDP growth in 85 00:04:18,480 --> 00:04:21,600 Speaker 1: twenty one Q four over Q four, unemployment to drop 86 00:04:21,640 --> 00:04:23,839 Speaker 1: to four percent at the end of twenty one, three 87 00:04:23,880 --> 00:04:27,480 Speaker 1: point five percent in twenty two, three point two, twenty three. 88 00:04:27,520 --> 00:04:30,760 Speaker 1: But here's the kicker here. It's about inflation dynamics, and 89 00:04:30,800 --> 00:04:33,400 Speaker 1: as far as Goldman are concerned, Tom, we expect inflation 90 00:04:33,480 --> 00:04:36,240 Speaker 1: dynamics to mirror those of the last cycle. So you 91 00:04:36,240 --> 00:04:39,680 Speaker 1: can have that boom that reopening for about twelve months. 92 00:04:39,680 --> 00:04:41,839 Speaker 1: But the dynamics and the cycle for inflation, at least 93 00:04:41,839 --> 00:04:44,680 Speaker 1: in the view of Goldman Tom, doesn't change. Ben Laylor 94 00:04:44,760 --> 00:04:47,000 Speaker 1: what to do to the denominators. I mean, if you 95 00:04:47,000 --> 00:04:49,040 Speaker 1: get eight percent GDP and I get it, there's a 96 00:04:49,120 --> 00:04:51,200 Speaker 1: ramp down to wherever we're going. I mean, the fact 97 00:04:51,360 --> 00:04:57,039 Speaker 1: is corporations adapt corporations are just do we grossly underestimate 98 00:04:57,080 --> 00:05:02,520 Speaker 1: their revenue growth and margin expansion in this boom? Yes? 99 00:05:02,680 --> 00:05:05,120 Speaker 1: I think, well, I think we're gonna where the danger is, 100 00:05:05,279 --> 00:05:09,479 Speaker 1: especially for the sort of reopener's value cyclicals, calling what 101 00:05:09,520 --> 00:05:13,400 Speaker 1: you will the amount of operating Lebridge is going to 102 00:05:13,480 --> 00:05:16,720 Speaker 1: be dramatic because not only is the top line very depressed, 103 00:05:16,960 --> 00:05:19,680 Speaker 1: and let's not forget how depressed. I mean you look 104 00:05:19,720 --> 00:05:22,640 Speaker 1: at you know, you look you look at the car 105 00:05:22,680 --> 00:05:25,400 Speaker 1: rental companies, the hotels that you mean, you name it. 106 00:05:25,640 --> 00:05:29,920 Speaker 1: Revenues are still down sort of um, but we also 107 00:05:30,000 --> 00:05:32,919 Speaker 1: underestimate that the operating Lebridge, all these companies have just 108 00:05:33,000 --> 00:05:35,800 Speaker 1: taken costs out over the last twelve months. So when 109 00:05:35,800 --> 00:05:37,360 Speaker 1: you get a bit of revenue growth coming back of 110 00:05:37,520 --> 00:05:40,200 Speaker 1: a lower a lower cost base, I think the earnings 111 00:05:40,200 --> 00:05:42,719 Speaker 1: recovery is going to be dramatic. And then let's not 112 00:05:42,839 --> 00:05:44,680 Speaker 1: forget the tech names. So I mean these are still 113 00:05:44,720 --> 00:05:47,960 Speaker 1: all secular growth stories that are growing sort of fifteen 114 00:05:49,040 --> 00:05:52,040 Speaker 1: so um. You know by all means you know, overweight 115 00:05:52,160 --> 00:05:54,800 Speaker 1: focus on those sort of cyclical recovery names. But you know, 116 00:05:54,880 --> 00:05:56,840 Speaker 1: I don't think these sort of big tech names are 117 00:05:56,839 --> 00:05:59,479 Speaker 1: out for the count. And I would just say you 118 00:05:59,520 --> 00:06:01,680 Speaker 1: do need to share, have you if you're going to 119 00:06:01,760 --> 00:06:03,920 Speaker 1: own us or Globe equity has just given how big 120 00:06:04,000 --> 00:06:07,120 Speaker 1: they are. I mean, equities don't work unless so tech 121 00:06:07,160 --> 00:06:08,960 Speaker 1: at least sort of treads water. So I think we're 122 00:06:08,960 --> 00:06:11,640 Speaker 1: looking for you know, cypronicals catch up, not a big 123 00:06:11,800 --> 00:06:13,840 Speaker 1: rotation out of tech. Ben, we've gotta let you go. 124 00:06:14,160 --> 00:06:16,720 Speaker 1: But before we let you go, congratulations on a tremendous 125 00:06:16,800 --> 00:06:19,200 Speaker 1: last couple of years covering this equity market after the 126 00:06:19,240 --> 00:06:22,520 Speaker 1: partnering HSBC. Just some really brilliant calls in the face 127 00:06:22,560 --> 00:06:24,360 Speaker 1: of a lot of skepticism, and Ben, we look forward 128 00:06:24,400 --> 00:06:26,160 Speaker 1: to seeing how you do in the new venture. Ben 129 00:06:26,279 --> 00:06:36,080 Speaker 1: later there Tallo Hudson Research. David Rubinstein is with Carlisle Group. 130 00:06:36,440 --> 00:06:39,520 Speaker 1: His value to us, his peer to beer conversations have 131 00:06:39,720 --> 00:06:43,480 Speaker 1: been wonderful. David, do you perceive an end to the pandemic? 132 00:06:44,920 --> 00:06:48,800 Speaker 1: Not overnight, not anytime soon. I do think that if 133 00:06:48,960 --> 00:06:53,880 Speaker 1: the vaccination program in the United States is as successful 134 00:06:53,960 --> 00:06:56,919 Speaker 1: as the President hopes it will be, it is likely 135 00:06:57,000 --> 00:07:00,200 Speaker 1: by the fall we can return to some type of normality. 136 00:07:00,640 --> 00:07:02,640 Speaker 1: But I don't think it's going to happen overnight. Now, 137 00:07:03,360 --> 00:07:06,440 Speaker 1: what are business people doing? I mean, you've got great context, 138 00:07:06,560 --> 00:07:08,960 Speaker 1: not only your daily work with Carlisle, but your earn 139 00:07:09,040 --> 00:07:12,640 Speaker 1: credibility over the decades. And this is the key question 140 00:07:12,760 --> 00:07:15,880 Speaker 1: I have, David. The business people ramp up for a 141 00:07:16,000 --> 00:07:19,760 Speaker 1: seven to eight percent economy and hope and pray, or 142 00:07:19,840 --> 00:07:22,760 Speaker 1: do they settle and manage for a three or four 143 00:07:22,840 --> 00:07:26,920 Speaker 1: percent growth rate? Which is it? I think the business 144 00:07:26,960 --> 00:07:28,760 Speaker 1: community is assuming it will have a pretty good growth 145 00:07:28,880 --> 00:07:31,280 Speaker 1: rate because the stimulus package is obviously going to stimulate 146 00:07:31,320 --> 00:07:33,840 Speaker 1: the economy. It's a very very large package. For sure, 147 00:07:34,120 --> 00:07:36,520 Speaker 1: I'd be very surprised if growth is at three or 148 00:07:36,560 --> 00:07:39,880 Speaker 1: four percent given this stimulus. On the other hand, we 149 00:07:39,880 --> 00:07:42,800 Speaker 1: should recognize that the country has two different business communities. 150 00:07:43,080 --> 00:07:45,600 Speaker 1: You have the business community of private equity or finance 151 00:07:45,760 --> 00:07:48,280 Speaker 1: or technology, which is doing quite well, what might do 152 00:07:48,400 --> 00:07:50,640 Speaker 1: better than four or five, six or seven percent. But 153 00:07:50,720 --> 00:07:54,080 Speaker 1: then you have the the underclass, the blue collar workers 154 00:07:54,120 --> 00:07:56,320 Speaker 1: that people have been laid off, people that that don't 155 00:07:56,360 --> 00:07:58,480 Speaker 1: have enough food and so forth. Those people are not 156 00:07:58,560 --> 00:08:00,040 Speaker 1: going to be growing at that kind of rates. So 157 00:08:00,120 --> 00:08:02,440 Speaker 1: we do have two different economies we're really dealing with. 158 00:08:03,040 --> 00:08:05,760 Speaker 1: For your company that you are a leader at, how 159 00:08:05,880 --> 00:08:08,320 Speaker 1: important is it for you to get your employees vaccinated 160 00:08:08,440 --> 00:08:11,840 Speaker 1: right now? I think it's very important to have people 161 00:08:11,880 --> 00:08:14,680 Speaker 1: to be vaccinated. Clearly, I think when you have a 162 00:08:14,760 --> 00:08:17,360 Speaker 1: vaccination process, you're gonna have a healthier economy and you're 163 00:08:17,360 --> 00:08:20,360 Speaker 1: gonna have a healthier population. You can't force people to 164 00:08:20,400 --> 00:08:23,640 Speaker 1: get vaccinated. And I've been disappointed that so many people 165 00:08:23,680 --> 00:08:26,040 Speaker 1: in the country, relatively speaking, are saying they don't want 166 00:08:26,040 --> 00:08:29,280 Speaker 1: to be vaccinated. And I say so many. Maybe the 167 00:08:29,320 --> 00:08:32,319 Speaker 1: population is not yet convinced it needs to be vaccinated. 168 00:08:32,720 --> 00:08:36,120 Speaker 1: And I think that we really can't get complete heard humanity, humanity, 169 00:08:36,400 --> 00:08:40,839 Speaker 1: herd immunity unless we get a very large percentage vaccinated. 170 00:08:40,960 --> 00:08:43,920 Speaker 1: So I'm disappointed that some people don't want to be vaccinated. 171 00:08:43,960 --> 00:08:46,480 Speaker 1: I understand why, but I think it's it's probably the 172 00:08:46,559 --> 00:08:48,959 Speaker 1: wrong decision. Well, and this really raises a conundrum for 173 00:08:49,000 --> 00:08:52,040 Speaker 1: a lot of executives where they want their employees to 174 00:08:52,200 --> 00:08:54,679 Speaker 1: have the vaccine, they don't know how to encourage it. 175 00:08:54,760 --> 00:08:57,280 Speaker 1: They can't force them, As you say, what are the 176 00:08:57,360 --> 00:09:00,040 Speaker 1: best incentives and how important is it for you to 177 00:09:00,120 --> 00:09:03,679 Speaker 1: get people back to the office, back traveling again, and 178 00:09:04,040 --> 00:09:07,400 Speaker 1: leading more normal pre COVID types of lives. I think 179 00:09:07,480 --> 00:09:10,120 Speaker 1: employers are struggling with this, but to some extent, I 180 00:09:10,160 --> 00:09:13,520 Speaker 1: think some employers will say, if you're not vaccinated, don't 181 00:09:13,559 --> 00:09:16,320 Speaker 1: come into the office, And therefore some people will continue 182 00:09:16,320 --> 00:09:18,920 Speaker 1: to work at home, or there will be special places 183 00:09:18,960 --> 00:09:21,920 Speaker 1: in offices for people that are not vaccinated, but they'll 184 00:09:21,960 --> 00:09:23,520 Speaker 1: have to be tested when they go in and so 185 00:09:23,679 --> 00:09:25,920 Speaker 1: forth every day about whether they have the virus. That's 186 00:09:25,960 --> 00:09:28,760 Speaker 1: not an optimal situation. Clearly, it'd be much better for 187 00:09:28,880 --> 00:09:32,280 Speaker 1: all employers if they're most local employees are willing to 188 00:09:32,320 --> 00:09:35,720 Speaker 1: be vaccinated. For those who, for variety of reasons don't 189 00:09:35,720 --> 00:09:37,640 Speaker 1: want to be vaccinated, they're gonna have to be special 190 00:09:37,800 --> 00:09:40,040 Speaker 1: ways to handle them. But I don't think you can 191 00:09:40,120 --> 00:09:44,960 Speaker 1: force people to be vaccinated against their their wishes. Yeah, 192 00:09:45,000 --> 00:09:46,880 Speaker 1: this definitely has been an issue, Tom. I mean, think 193 00:09:46,880 --> 00:09:49,600 Speaker 1: about a special place to put people at a time 194 00:09:49,880 --> 00:09:52,800 Speaker 1: when there is concern about the ongoing spread of a 195 00:09:52,880 --> 00:09:55,880 Speaker 1: virus that is mutating. That's an interesting idea. And David, 196 00:09:55,960 --> 00:09:58,360 Speaker 1: this goes back to your public service with President Carter 197 00:09:58,440 --> 00:10:02,400 Speaker 1: a few years. How close are we, David Rubinstein, to 198 00:10:02,520 --> 00:10:07,959 Speaker 1: the common sense idea of the vaccine passport. Well, I 199 00:10:08,040 --> 00:10:11,079 Speaker 1: think it's possible, um, but I don't think that you 200 00:10:11,160 --> 00:10:16,160 Speaker 1: really are likely to have uh um people being forced 201 00:10:16,520 --> 00:10:19,120 Speaker 1: to take vaccines. And I just think there's gonna be 202 00:10:19,160 --> 00:10:22,679 Speaker 1: too much resistance to forcing people to be vaccinated. I 203 00:10:22,760 --> 00:10:24,839 Speaker 1: just don't think that will work. There are many people 204 00:10:24,920 --> 00:10:27,120 Speaker 1: and I would say, in the minority community, for example, 205 00:10:27,200 --> 00:10:30,720 Speaker 1: many African Americans are have the view that very often 206 00:10:30,800 --> 00:10:35,800 Speaker 1: they they've been used inappropriately for vaccines that maybe weren't 207 00:10:35,800 --> 00:10:38,680 Speaker 1: as safe as or other uh tests that weren't as 208 00:10:38,720 --> 00:10:41,199 Speaker 1: safe UH, And therefore there is some resistance in the 209 00:10:41,280 --> 00:10:44,360 Speaker 1: in the minority community, African American community, there's some resistance 210 00:10:44,360 --> 00:10:48,480 Speaker 1: among white males, many of whom, for political or other reasons, 211 00:10:48,520 --> 00:10:50,319 Speaker 1: just think that the government shouldn't be telling them what 212 00:10:50,400 --> 00:10:55,199 Speaker 1: to do. So you see that white male voters who 213 00:10:55,280 --> 00:10:59,559 Speaker 1: are Republicans, some of them are are fairly fairly determined 214 00:10:59,600 --> 00:11:02,360 Speaker 1: not to be vaccinated, and you can't force them to 215 00:11:02,480 --> 00:11:05,719 Speaker 1: be vaccinated. David, what's the pulse of mergers and acquisitions 216 00:11:05,840 --> 00:11:09,920 Speaker 1: right now? Transactions and combinations not only traditional but also 217 00:11:10,000 --> 00:11:13,040 Speaker 1: the effervescence we see in the market with SPACs and such. 218 00:11:14,600 --> 00:11:17,160 Speaker 1: Well for people who are in the M and A 219 00:11:17,320 --> 00:11:20,360 Speaker 1: world and people in the private equity world, in finance world, 220 00:11:20,559 --> 00:11:24,079 Speaker 1: it's almost as if there wasn't a pandemic because deals 221 00:11:24,120 --> 00:11:26,960 Speaker 1: are going on, just people aren't meeting face to face 222 00:11:27,040 --> 00:11:31,000 Speaker 1: by and large, and so it hasn't had a deletarious effect. Uh. 223 00:11:31,440 --> 00:11:33,640 Speaker 1: Really on this part of the of the economy, and 224 00:11:34,160 --> 00:11:36,880 Speaker 1: the SPACs are something that no one could have predicted. 225 00:11:37,080 --> 00:11:40,040 Speaker 1: They clearly are very effervescent. It is the word you 226 00:11:40,280 --> 00:11:42,640 Speaker 1: maybe have used um at some point, maybe some of 227 00:11:42,679 --> 00:11:44,760 Speaker 1: them won't work out. But I don't think spacts are 228 00:11:44,800 --> 00:11:47,439 Speaker 1: going away. I don't think that SPACs are here just 229 00:11:47,559 --> 00:11:50,520 Speaker 1: as a temporary measure because of the of the pandemic. 230 00:11:50,880 --> 00:11:54,160 Speaker 1: SPACs do serve a purpose some cases. Some cases they 231 00:11:54,240 --> 00:11:57,800 Speaker 1: do get wildly inflated in terms of the valuations when 232 00:11:57,840 --> 00:12:00,880 Speaker 1: you have companies with no no revenue get very very 233 00:12:00,960 --> 00:12:03,880 Speaker 1: high valuations. On the other hand, they do serve a purpose, 234 00:12:03,920 --> 00:12:05,360 Speaker 1: and I don't think they're going away. They're gonna be 235 00:12:05,360 --> 00:12:08,160 Speaker 1: a permanent part of our financial structure. I think David 236 00:12:08,200 --> 00:12:09,960 Speaker 1: always great to get you on the program. Come back soon, 237 00:12:10,000 --> 00:12:13,319 Speaker 1: won't you stay close? David Rubinstein, that group found a 238 00:12:18,320 --> 00:12:21,599 Speaker 1: with invest go on fixed income and particularly loans. No 239 00:12:21,880 --> 00:12:24,880 Speaker 1: Choram joins us, and what's wonderful about Noel and she 240 00:12:25,000 --> 00:12:28,400 Speaker 1: started out in the trenches of the trading desk as well, 241 00:12:28,480 --> 00:12:31,120 Speaker 1: and that's really cool. It's a very rare that you 242 00:12:31,240 --> 00:12:34,680 Speaker 1: get academics with her, you know, ability in the classroom 243 00:12:34,760 --> 00:12:37,839 Speaker 1: that come out of the trenches of trading. What does 244 00:12:37,880 --> 00:12:40,640 Speaker 1: the loan market look like right now? Invest goes up 245 00:12:40,679 --> 00:12:44,040 Speaker 1: to their eyeballs and loans. What's the character of the 246 00:12:44,160 --> 00:12:47,959 Speaker 1: loan market? Tom? Before we get started, I have to 247 00:12:48,040 --> 00:12:51,880 Speaker 1: tell you that my Todd so perfectly gave me this 248 00:12:52,160 --> 00:12:54,439 Speaker 1: this morning, and I just thought it was too perfect 249 00:12:54,679 --> 00:12:57,160 Speaker 1: not to show you for St. Patty's Day. So let's 250 00:12:57,200 --> 00:12:59,000 Speaker 1: just Sat Patty's Day, which means when you have to 251 00:12:59,040 --> 00:13:03,199 Speaker 1: have a Guinness on for people who are listening on radio. 252 00:13:03,360 --> 00:13:07,760 Speaker 1: She held up a big sparkly bow tie from with sequence, 253 00:13:07,880 --> 00:13:16,200 Speaker 1: just like wear it carry one. So how about those loans? 254 00:13:17,360 --> 00:13:19,240 Speaker 1: I want to give you more backdrop of kind of 255 00:13:19,320 --> 00:13:22,679 Speaker 1: growth growth where just below Goldman I would say, we're 256 00:13:22,720 --> 00:13:25,599 Speaker 1: expecting around seven percent growth for the year. Inflation we 257 00:13:25,679 --> 00:13:28,040 Speaker 1: expect to be messy, and that's ultimately going to keep 258 00:13:28,080 --> 00:13:31,760 Speaker 1: the Fed on the sidelines. We do expect as inflation 259 00:13:31,880 --> 00:13:35,040 Speaker 1: is messy, we could see some more rates volatility, and um, 260 00:13:35,240 --> 00:13:39,480 Speaker 1: we could see as a result loans um loans demand 261 00:13:39,600 --> 00:13:42,160 Speaker 1: and you've already seen that, you've seen the retail investor 262 00:13:42,240 --> 00:13:45,240 Speaker 1: step in significant in a significant way. UM, I would 263 00:13:45,440 --> 00:13:48,560 Speaker 1: you know caveat that the retail investor also steps out, 264 00:13:48,760 --> 00:13:50,800 Speaker 1: you know, when they start to get worried pretty quickly. 265 00:13:50,880 --> 00:13:53,640 Speaker 1: So just of course, um, you know, don't put We 266 00:13:53,760 --> 00:13:56,480 Speaker 1: never suggest putting all your eggs in one basket. Diverse 267 00:13:56,559 --> 00:13:59,719 Speaker 1: by where you can, especially with levels where they are, 268 00:14:00,080 --> 00:14:03,040 Speaker 1: you know, in terms of evaluations, the first play across 269 00:14:03,559 --> 00:14:06,760 Speaker 1: bond asset this is really important. Typically when we talk 270 00:14:06,800 --> 00:14:09,559 Speaker 1: about fixed income, we don't talk about retail participation. What 271 00:14:09,720 --> 00:14:13,120 Speaker 1: is that incremental retail participation in leverage loans? Like, what 272 00:14:13,160 --> 00:14:15,079 Speaker 1: does that look like in the last month or so, 273 00:14:16,160 --> 00:14:18,720 Speaker 1: it's really stepped up because right a lot of investors 274 00:14:18,760 --> 00:14:22,600 Speaker 1: are worried about that that raids volatility. We haven't seen 275 00:14:22,680 --> 00:14:25,520 Speaker 1: it that we haven't seen the volatility carried through into 276 00:14:25,560 --> 00:14:28,520 Speaker 1: the other asset classes though, and that's kind of, uh, 277 00:14:28,640 --> 00:14:31,800 Speaker 1: you know, the main reason that we're still bullish on credit. 278 00:14:32,080 --> 00:14:35,320 Speaker 1: I wouldn't say we're over our skis and risks here, 279 00:14:35,400 --> 00:14:36,920 Speaker 1: but we do think that growth is going to be 280 00:14:36,960 --> 00:14:40,320 Speaker 1: supportive for fundamentals this year and that is ultimately why 281 00:14:40,520 --> 00:14:44,720 Speaker 1: you know, we would suggest UM investing in in bonds. 282 00:14:44,840 --> 00:14:48,280 Speaker 1: We think the growth is going to support UM companies 283 00:14:48,320 --> 00:14:50,800 Speaker 1: throughout the year, and that's really what's gonna you know 284 00:14:51,000 --> 00:14:54,720 Speaker 1: be be the the story in well, I want to 285 00:14:54,720 --> 00:14:56,680 Speaker 1: pick up on one of your lines and it's without context. 286 00:14:56,760 --> 00:14:58,240 Speaker 1: You can give us that in just a moment. But 287 00:14:58,320 --> 00:15:00,480 Speaker 1: it's something I've read a million times if ext income, 288 00:15:00,520 --> 00:15:02,000 Speaker 1: and I've read it over the last months, I've read 289 00:15:02,000 --> 00:15:03,680 Speaker 1: it six months ago, nine months ago, and over the 290 00:15:03,760 --> 00:15:06,840 Speaker 1: last several years too. Valuations are rich, Thus investors are 291 00:15:06,840 --> 00:15:09,800 Speaker 1: not getting paid for this risk. Is that just the story? 292 00:15:09,880 --> 00:15:12,240 Speaker 1: And fixed income is that the new normal? That valuations 293 00:15:12,240 --> 00:15:14,320 Speaker 1: will always be rich and investors will not be getting 294 00:15:14,360 --> 00:15:16,960 Speaker 1: compensated for risk because we live in a new world now. 295 00:15:18,600 --> 00:15:20,560 Speaker 1: So it is a new world. We are, you know, 296 00:15:20,800 --> 00:15:24,640 Speaker 1: at very rich levels. Um, and we do think a 297 00:15:24,760 --> 00:15:28,240 Speaker 1: lot of this year will be about clipping the coupon. 298 00:15:28,560 --> 00:15:30,840 Speaker 1: But because of the volatility that we are like this 299 00:15:31,680 --> 00:15:34,680 Speaker 1: in stocks, the rates, it does make sense to diverse 300 00:15:34,760 --> 00:15:37,800 Speaker 1: by your portfolio. So of course we're we're actually seeing 301 00:15:37,800 --> 00:15:39,600 Speaker 1: a lot of crossover investors and I've got a lot 302 00:15:39,640 --> 00:15:42,480 Speaker 1: of crossover demand come into high yield em to pick 303 00:15:42,600 --> 00:15:45,840 Speaker 1: up the yield there and diverse by their portfolios there 304 00:15:46,200 --> 00:15:49,600 Speaker 1: and then um, you know, compensate themselves. We still think 305 00:15:49,640 --> 00:15:54,600 Speaker 1: there's some value specifically within the services sectors um that 306 00:15:54,760 --> 00:15:56,480 Speaker 1: you can also pick up, and there's still a little 307 00:15:56,480 --> 00:15:58,760 Speaker 1: bit of value and leverage loans relative to high yield 308 00:15:58,800 --> 00:16:01,200 Speaker 1: and of course i G. Taking a step back, there's 309 00:16:01,240 --> 00:16:03,520 Speaker 1: a larger question going forward to what about whether the 310 00:16:03,600 --> 00:16:06,120 Speaker 1: FED is put a floor under the default rate? In 311 00:16:06,160 --> 00:16:09,080 Speaker 1: other words, is the FED put basically going to prevent 312 00:16:09,160 --> 00:16:12,160 Speaker 1: the default rate among corporate debt from getting too high 313 00:16:12,240 --> 00:16:14,480 Speaker 1: because they will sweep in and they will end up 314 00:16:14,480 --> 00:16:17,160 Speaker 1: buying that debt and reducing borrowing costs enough to let 315 00:16:17,240 --> 00:16:21,920 Speaker 1: these companies continue to survive. This year, it's really about growth, 316 00:16:22,080 --> 00:16:24,520 Speaker 1: right and you know, we expect the faults to come down. 317 00:16:24,640 --> 00:16:28,000 Speaker 1: It's an i G. It's really gonna's expect lower supply. 318 00:16:28,160 --> 00:16:30,000 Speaker 1: It's going to be a lot about the leveraging. So 319 00:16:30,120 --> 00:16:32,160 Speaker 1: a lot of companies are making the right moves that 320 00:16:32,240 --> 00:16:35,520 Speaker 1: we would expect in a high growth year. We would 321 00:16:35,760 --> 00:16:37,760 Speaker 1: you know, expect most of the growth to come in 322 00:16:37,800 --> 00:16:40,520 Speaker 1: the next couple of quarters as the stimulus has spent, 323 00:16:40,760 --> 00:16:43,480 Speaker 1: of course, and then you know, and before we would 324 00:16:43,520 --> 00:16:46,280 Speaker 1: start to look for any kind of creeping back of 325 00:16:46,920 --> 00:16:49,960 Speaker 1: COVID concerns. But ultimately we expect to end of the 326 00:16:50,080 --> 00:16:53,560 Speaker 1: year at potential in terms of growth. So if credit 327 00:16:53,640 --> 00:16:56,200 Speaker 1: risk isn't the main risk here, are you delving also 328 00:16:56,440 --> 00:16:59,440 Speaker 1: into the riskiest of corporate debt, the triple C rated stuff, 329 00:16:59,760 --> 00:17:01,840 Speaker 1: even in on the fixed side, even on the bond 330 00:17:01,880 --> 00:17:07,000 Speaker 1: side A little bit, I'd say, because valuations are where 331 00:17:07,080 --> 00:17:11,480 Speaker 1: they are that in and if you see continued volatility 332 00:17:12,200 --> 00:17:14,879 Speaker 1: and you're not being compensated as much as you know 333 00:17:15,000 --> 00:17:17,280 Speaker 1: you'd like it as an investor, As an investor with 334 00:17:17,400 --> 00:17:20,240 Speaker 1: rich valuations, it doesn't make sense, of course to go 335 00:17:20,720 --> 00:17:23,480 Speaker 1: you know, over your skis on risk and take a 336 00:17:23,520 --> 00:17:26,239 Speaker 1: bunch of risk in your portfolio. But it does make 337 00:17:26,320 --> 00:17:29,879 Speaker 1: sense to reach incrementally into these higher risk here higher 338 00:17:30,000 --> 00:17:33,240 Speaker 1: risk areas, because we do expect growth to support these 339 00:17:33,280 --> 00:17:37,240 Speaker 1: companies and allow them to improve their fundamentals on the ear. No, 340 00:17:37,560 --> 00:17:39,600 Speaker 1: good to see you as always and love the boat high. 341 00:17:39,760 --> 00:17:44,920 Speaker 1: Now call him that you started. You started out the 342 00:17:45,000 --> 00:17:48,480 Speaker 1: program talking about a Sesame Street routs. We ended up 343 00:17:48,640 --> 00:17:50,840 Speaker 1: first of all, do they watch Sesame Street the UK? 344 00:17:51,040 --> 00:17:54,600 Speaker 1: Did you grow up watching it? Watches st Okay, we 345 00:17:54,720 --> 00:17:57,440 Speaker 1: got that and then we got to this weekend. Obviously 346 00:17:59,000 --> 00:18:07,880 Speaker 1: carry on with us now a gentleman of profile encouraged 347 00:18:07,960 --> 00:18:12,119 Speaker 1: Michael Mayo joins as well as far ago securities on banking. Michael, 348 00:18:12,119 --> 00:18:14,480 Speaker 1: you're very good at buying straw hats and winner the 349 00:18:14,560 --> 00:18:17,520 Speaker 1: banks that were in winter any number of months ago. 350 00:18:17,640 --> 00:18:19,880 Speaker 1: The banks have had a great move. Can you still 351 00:18:20,080 --> 00:18:25,800 Speaker 1: own the banks here? Absolutely? Tom, I mean you still 352 00:18:25,840 --> 00:18:29,760 Speaker 1: haven't made up uh, the underperformance versus the general market 353 00:18:30,280 --> 00:18:36,200 Speaker 1: since the start of and so the catch up trade 354 00:18:36,640 --> 00:18:40,000 Speaker 1: still has room to go for the banks. And today, 355 00:18:40,119 --> 00:18:44,760 Speaker 1: in fact, we increased our esthmates on JP Morgan to 356 00:18:44,880 --> 00:18:47,639 Speaker 1: the high on the street. Um, so we think that 357 00:18:49,359 --> 00:18:52,720 Speaker 1: earnings will be a lot better than expected, uh, in 358 00:18:52,960 --> 00:18:56,359 Speaker 1: the specific case for Jake Morgan and probably others. And 359 00:18:56,480 --> 00:18:59,440 Speaker 1: what's so important here, Michael Mayo is you know and 360 00:18:59,560 --> 00:19:04,240 Speaker 1: pulse and he knows this too. Corporations adapt to the 361 00:19:04,400 --> 00:19:07,680 Speaker 1: news that they are given the strategy they're giving out 362 00:19:07,760 --> 00:19:10,880 Speaker 1: one year, three years, five years. How does James Diamond 363 00:19:11,000 --> 00:19:17,560 Speaker 1: adapt to eight g D P Well, well, first I'd say, 364 00:19:17,760 --> 00:19:20,600 Speaker 1: what's good for JP Morgan's customers, what's good to the 365 00:19:20,640 --> 00:19:24,280 Speaker 1: banking industries customers is good for the banks. It's mutually beneficial. 366 00:19:24,480 --> 00:19:27,760 Speaker 1: But uh, Tom, you know, I'll stay here. A happy birthday, 367 00:19:27,840 --> 00:19:31,879 Speaker 1: Albert Einstein. That was yesterday. And guess which executive quotes 368 00:19:31,960 --> 00:19:39,639 Speaker 1: Albert Einstein the most. Mr Diamond exactly, And he often says, quote, 369 00:19:40,480 --> 00:19:44,600 Speaker 1: everything should be made as simple as possible, but no simpler. 370 00:19:45,480 --> 00:19:48,720 Speaker 1: So that's an Einstein quote that he uses to reduce 371 00:19:48,800 --> 00:19:51,960 Speaker 1: the complexity of running a bank down to simple concepts. 372 00:19:52,280 --> 00:19:56,080 Speaker 1: And one of those very simple concept is in a downturn, 373 00:19:56,720 --> 00:20:00,200 Speaker 1: invest invest, invest like you would any other time time. 374 00:20:00,560 --> 00:20:03,760 Speaker 1: So Tom, your question is what happens with this accelerating 375 00:20:04,080 --> 00:20:07,920 Speaker 1: GDP growth? Well, JP Morgan is a few steps ahead 376 00:20:08,000 --> 00:20:10,760 Speaker 1: at a time when some other banks are dusting off 377 00:20:10,840 --> 00:20:14,120 Speaker 1: some expansion plans, are trying to get everything straight. They've 378 00:20:14,160 --> 00:20:17,840 Speaker 1: already been investing. In fact, they've increased their investment dollars 379 00:20:17,920 --> 00:20:20,119 Speaker 1: by two and a half times over the last five years, 380 00:20:20,520 --> 00:20:23,000 Speaker 1: and they're increasing it by one fourth of the last year. 381 00:20:23,040 --> 00:20:25,439 Speaker 1: It raised a lot of ivan brows, like why are 382 00:20:25,480 --> 00:20:27,919 Speaker 1: you spending all this extra money? I mean, there there 383 00:20:27,960 --> 00:20:32,320 Speaker 1: are a lot of concerned about that. And now you're saying, okay, hey, 384 00:20:32,359 --> 00:20:35,000 Speaker 1: it makes sense to expand branches to all the lower 385 00:20:35,080 --> 00:20:38,760 Speaker 1: forty states. It makes sense to expand bankers in the 386 00:20:38,920 --> 00:20:42,240 Speaker 1: US and outside. They're investing more in tech. So they're 387 00:20:42,320 --> 00:20:46,720 Speaker 1: coming this investing is really a sweet spot of the economy. 388 00:20:46,800 --> 00:20:49,080 Speaker 1: So they've been very smart and let's face it, a 389 00:20:49,119 --> 00:20:51,879 Speaker 1: little bit lucky too. Who thought we'd be this far 390 00:20:51,960 --> 00:20:55,680 Speaker 1: along with the vaccines, I mean President Biden talking about 391 00:20:55,760 --> 00:20:59,879 Speaker 1: Independence Day, uh from COVID July four, and then the 392 00:21:00,000 --> 00:21:03,720 Speaker 1: stimulus one point nine trillion dollars last week for the 393 00:21:03,840 --> 00:21:08,359 Speaker 1: environment's looking up just at the time when Jake Morgan 394 00:21:08,440 --> 00:21:11,439 Speaker 1: is at peak investment spending. So this is similar. It's 395 00:21:11,520 --> 00:21:15,159 Speaker 1: kind of history repeating itself with JP Morgan coming out 396 00:21:15,200 --> 00:21:17,840 Speaker 1: of the Global stands for crisis. JP Morgan came through 397 00:21:17,920 --> 00:21:21,440 Speaker 1: that much stronger and through the pandemic. We think JP 398 00:21:21,560 --> 00:21:24,719 Speaker 1: Morgan will come through this much stronger once again. All Right, 399 00:21:24,760 --> 00:21:27,920 Speaker 1: So Mike, there's this grand reopening trading in Goldman's Access 400 00:21:27,960 --> 00:21:30,800 Speaker 1: raising their GDP forecast and there, uh, you know, take 401 00:21:30,840 --> 00:21:33,320 Speaker 1: it down. Their unemployment numbers in the fourth quarter really 402 00:21:33,400 --> 00:21:36,280 Speaker 1: really bullish there. Do do I want to own some 403 00:21:36,400 --> 00:21:39,800 Speaker 1: of the more consumer facing big banks like a Bank 404 00:21:39,880 --> 00:21:43,000 Speaker 1: of America, Or do I want in a city, or 405 00:21:43,080 --> 00:21:44,960 Speaker 1: do I want to own some of the more investment 406 00:21:45,040 --> 00:21:48,080 Speaker 1: banking centric names such as a JP Morgan Goldman and 407 00:21:48,119 --> 00:21:53,240 Speaker 1: Morgan Stanley. Well, you have a recovery play, but then 408 00:21:53,280 --> 00:21:56,960 Speaker 1: you have a longer term play where the largest banks 409 00:21:57,119 --> 00:22:00,919 Speaker 1: are going to trend towards the greatest efficiency in history. 410 00:22:01,000 --> 00:22:05,040 Speaker 1: The pandemic has accelerated years of customer behavior in a 411 00:22:05,160 --> 00:22:10,080 Speaker 1: matter of months. So the role of digital banking is 412 00:22:10,280 --> 00:22:14,000 Speaker 1: revolutionizing the way that banking has done. So, you know, 413 00:22:14,080 --> 00:22:17,040 Speaker 1: our top pick is Bank of America. We had already 414 00:22:17,080 --> 00:22:20,880 Speaker 1: increased ESMOS on them a city group with the new CEO, 415 00:22:21,680 --> 00:22:24,879 Speaker 1: followed by JP Morgan. So Goliath is winning in banking, 416 00:22:25,440 --> 00:22:28,480 Speaker 1: both both of the recovery trade but also for this 417 00:22:29,040 --> 00:22:33,639 Speaker 1: long term you know tech revolution theme as it relates 418 00:22:33,680 --> 00:22:37,160 Speaker 1: to banking. Mike Mayo, we have an important global Wall 419 00:22:37,240 --> 00:22:41,120 Speaker 1: Street essay out today on Goldman Sachs and Mr Solomon 420 00:22:41,840 --> 00:22:45,000 Speaker 1: and some of the uproar of people leaving Goldman Sachs. 421 00:22:45,119 --> 00:22:48,760 Speaker 1: You've got an overweight on Golden Sex I believe is 422 00:22:48,920 --> 00:22:52,600 Speaker 1: Mr Solomon getting it done there or to the tone 423 00:22:52,640 --> 00:22:55,800 Speaker 1: of the article, is he spending too much time jetting 424 00:22:55,840 --> 00:23:00,320 Speaker 1: around on the Gulf stream. Well let him around in 425 00:23:00,359 --> 00:23:02,880 Speaker 1: the gold stream as much as he wants, because all 426 00:23:03,040 --> 00:23:06,920 Speaker 1: the schmoozing, all the lunches and dinners and everything that 427 00:23:07,040 --> 00:23:12,200 Speaker 1: Goldman does to create warmth. They're monetizing that warmth into 428 00:23:12,560 --> 00:23:15,679 Speaker 1: market share. So at a time when the wallets growing, 429 00:23:16,080 --> 00:23:19,040 Speaker 1: their share of the wallets increased. And as you know, 430 00:23:19,160 --> 00:23:22,240 Speaker 1: he used to lead the banking side of things, so 431 00:23:22,359 --> 00:23:26,600 Speaker 1: this is uh a period of stronger for longer capital markets. 432 00:23:26,640 --> 00:23:29,560 Speaker 1: Goldman's on the top of its game. Um, they have 433 00:23:29,720 --> 00:23:33,119 Speaker 1: been poached. So let's face a Goldman Sachs's like the 434 00:23:33,800 --> 00:23:36,320 Speaker 1: you know, the Harvard of Banks, and so you work 435 00:23:36,400 --> 00:23:39,359 Speaker 1: at Goldman, you have a pedigree, you get hired away. 436 00:23:39,440 --> 00:23:42,399 Speaker 1: If you had the head of their consumer initiative get 437 00:23:42,560 --> 00:23:45,880 Speaker 1: hired away by Walmart. Uh, then you had the head 438 00:23:45,920 --> 00:23:49,040 Speaker 1: of asset managing of aid management get hired away. You're 439 00:23:49,200 --> 00:23:51,720 Speaker 1: You're absolutely right. They're getting poached. But they have a 440 00:23:52,320 --> 00:23:54,600 Speaker 1: deep bench, they have a deefench and you know, some 441 00:23:54,800 --> 00:23:58,600 Speaker 1: turn is okay. They the partnership ranks got very heavy. 442 00:23:59,000 --> 00:24:01,960 Speaker 1: They promoted a lot of people, and David came in 443 00:24:02,000 --> 00:24:04,440 Speaker 1: and staid, we don't need this many partners So some 444 00:24:04,680 --> 00:24:08,440 Speaker 1: turn is it. We're out of time. Michael Mayo, thank 445 00:24:08,480 --> 00:24:11,000 Speaker 1: you so much. With the Wilson Friday, this is the 446 00:24:11,040 --> 00:24:15,679 Speaker 1: Bloomberg Surveillance Podcast. Thanks for listening. Join us live weekdays 447 00:24:15,760 --> 00:24:19,159 Speaker 1: from seven to ten am Eastern on Bloomberg Radio and 448 00:24:19,320 --> 00:24:23,119 Speaker 1: on Bloomberg Television each day from six to nine am 449 00:24:23,680 --> 00:24:27,399 Speaker 1: for insight from the best in economics, finance, investment, and 450 00:24:27,520 --> 00:24:34,000 Speaker 1: international relations. And subscribe to the Surveillance podcast on Apple podcast, SoundCloud, 451 00:24:34,200 --> 00:24:37,760 Speaker 1: Bloomberg dot com, and of course on the terminal. I'm 452 00:24:37,840 --> 00:24:40,480 Speaker 1: Tom Keene, and this is Bloomberg