1 00:00:15,316 --> 00:00:25,076 Speaker 1: Pushkin. A little girl races up the steps to number 2 00:00:25,116 --> 00:00:30,076 Speaker 1: seventh Rall Street. She bangs on the front door and 3 00:00:30,236 --> 00:00:34,156 Speaker 1: calls out to her neighbor. A policeman has sent her. 4 00:00:34,716 --> 00:00:37,436 Speaker 1: He wants to see Eliza Edos down in the street, 5 00:00:38,036 --> 00:00:41,676 Speaker 1: but Eliza is too ill to get up. She moans, 6 00:00:41,996 --> 00:00:45,076 Speaker 1: rolls over in her bed, and sends the child away 7 00:00:45,756 --> 00:00:51,076 Speaker 1: leave me alone. Moments later, the girl returns. This time 8 00:00:51,196 --> 00:00:54,316 Speaker 1: the police officer has given her a grimmer message to convey. 9 00:00:54,956 --> 00:00:59,636 Speaker 1: Eliza's sister, Kate, has been found dead, and she must 10 00:00:59,676 --> 00:01:05,276 Speaker 1: identify the body or what remains of it. Kate Edo's 11 00:01:05,316 --> 00:01:09,116 Speaker 1: killing is perhaps the most gruesome of the Whitechapel murders, 12 00:01:09,236 --> 00:01:12,956 Speaker 1: yet it's also helped me to form a new theory 13 00:01:12,996 --> 00:01:16,756 Speaker 1: about what really connects the Ripper victims, a theory that 14 00:01:16,836 --> 00:01:20,636 Speaker 1: demolishes the myth that he was some kind of superhuman 15 00:01:20,756 --> 00:01:31,716 Speaker 1: master criminal. I'm Halle ribbin Holt. You're listening to Bad 16 00:01:31,796 --> 00:01:36,316 Speaker 1: Women The Ripper retold, a series about the real lives 17 00:01:36,356 --> 00:01:39,356 Speaker 1: of the women killed by Jack the Ripper and how 18 00:01:39,396 --> 00:01:45,796 Speaker 1: we got their stories so wrong. One side, money plenty 19 00:01:47,196 --> 00:01:56,036 Speaker 1: and friends too by the sky. Then fortune smild upon me. 20 00:01:57,916 --> 00:02:30,396 Speaker 1: Now one past my Domey and Notworth. We've traced Kate 21 00:02:30,476 --> 00:02:33,036 Speaker 1: Edo's life from growing up as the child of a 22 00:02:33,196 --> 00:02:37,196 Speaker 1: Union agitator to tramping around England with her Balladia partner 23 00:02:37,276 --> 00:02:41,876 Speaker 1: Thomas Conway, selling songs and performing on street corners. When 24 00:02:41,916 --> 00:02:46,476 Speaker 1: Conway became violent and the relationship ended, Kate came to Whitechapel, 25 00:02:46,956 --> 00:02:50,236 Speaker 1: where she took up with John Kelly. Kate and Kelly 26 00:02:50,276 --> 00:02:54,276 Speaker 1: were both drinkers. They lived a hand to mouth existence, 27 00:02:54,796 --> 00:02:58,276 Speaker 1: wandering between different lodging houses and selling goods along the 28 00:02:58,356 --> 00:03:03,196 Speaker 1: road between London and the surrounding countryside. We left Kate 29 00:03:03,276 --> 00:03:06,396 Speaker 1: on the eve of her murder September twenty ninth, eighteen 30 00:03:06,436 --> 00:03:10,436 Speaker 1: eighty eight. She and Kelly had just part ways, each 31 00:03:10,436 --> 00:03:12,716 Speaker 1: on a mission to raise the fourpence to buy a 32 00:03:12,756 --> 00:03:16,916 Speaker 1: bed for the night. In all likelihood, Kate didn't get 33 00:03:16,996 --> 00:03:19,836 Speaker 1: very far before she encountered someone who owed her a 34 00:03:19,916 --> 00:03:22,196 Speaker 1: drink or two, and she was not the sort of 35 00:03:22,236 --> 00:03:26,316 Speaker 1: woman to refuse such a kind offer. By eight thirty 36 00:03:26,356 --> 00:03:29,596 Speaker 1: that evening, Kate was sitting in a heap against a wall, 37 00:03:30,316 --> 00:03:37,996 Speaker 1: paralytically drunk. She babbled and sang and cursed, which inevitably 38 00:03:38,076 --> 00:03:46,316 Speaker 1: drew a small crowd of people the same gentleman. Some 39 00:03:46,436 --> 00:03:50,436 Speaker 1: would have stared in amusement, others with genuine concern for 40 00:03:50,516 --> 00:03:57,996 Speaker 1: this unfortunate soul. I reckon, that's John Kelly's missus. She's 41 00:03:58,036 --> 00:04:03,556 Speaker 1: in a right staple creature. A passing police constable pushed 42 00:04:03,596 --> 00:04:07,476 Speaker 1: his way through the gaggle of onlookers. This woman or 43 00:04:07,516 --> 00:04:13,476 Speaker 1: where she lives? No one answered. The constable tried to 44 00:04:13,516 --> 00:04:16,516 Speaker 1: lift Kate off the street, but her legs were as 45 00:04:16,516 --> 00:04:20,836 Speaker 1: shambling as those of a foal ah, and she soon 46 00:04:21,036 --> 00:04:25,276 Speaker 1: slipped sideways out of his hold. Finally, with the assistance 47 00:04:25,276 --> 00:04:28,116 Speaker 1: of a colleague, he was able to lead the inebriated 48 00:04:28,156 --> 00:04:36,876 Speaker 1: woman to the police station. As was routine, they recorded 49 00:04:36,876 --> 00:04:39,916 Speaker 1: her details in their ledger. What is your name, the 50 00:04:39,996 --> 00:04:45,596 Speaker 1: constable demanded, nothing, Kate slurred. They placed nothing in a 51 00:04:45,676 --> 00:04:52,556 Speaker 1: cell while she slid into a drunken slumber, Yes the soul. 52 00:04:53,036 --> 00:04:55,716 Speaker 1: After a couple of hours, Kate woke again, and she 53 00:04:55,796 --> 00:05:00,036 Speaker 1: began to sing to herself. Eventually, the jailer came to 54 00:05:00,076 --> 00:05:02,996 Speaker 1: see her in the cell. Where are you going to 55 00:05:03,156 --> 00:05:07,316 Speaker 1: let me out? She asked, her voice tired and dry. 56 00:05:07,916 --> 00:05:12,436 Speaker 1: When you're capable of taking care of yourself, I'm capable 57 00:05:12,716 --> 00:05:16,996 Speaker 1: of taking care of myself. Now, this could not have 58 00:05:17,116 --> 00:05:20,276 Speaker 1: been the case. Well, Kate may have seemed steadier on 59 00:05:20,356 --> 00:05:23,196 Speaker 1: her feet, she would not have fully sobered up after 60 00:05:23,236 --> 00:05:26,876 Speaker 1: just a few hours of sleep. Still, she was led 61 00:05:26,916 --> 00:05:30,116 Speaker 1: from her cell to the police station office. What time 62 00:05:30,236 --> 00:05:33,196 Speaker 1: is it too late for you to get a drink? Well? 63 00:05:33,196 --> 00:05:36,716 Speaker 1: What time is it? Just on one? I shall get 64 00:05:36,716 --> 00:05:39,756 Speaker 1: a damned fine hiding when I get home, she muttered, 65 00:05:40,076 --> 00:05:43,236 Speaker 1: knowing this was all for show. Though when she lived 66 00:05:43,236 --> 00:05:46,236 Speaker 1: with Thomas Conway, that would have been the truth. And 67 00:05:46,516 --> 00:05:49,796 Speaker 1: serve you right, You have no right to get drunk, 68 00:05:50,156 --> 00:05:53,796 Speaker 1: taunted the jailer, who, like Kate's family, would have held 69 00:05:53,796 --> 00:05:56,636 Speaker 1: with the era's thoughts on such a matter. An errant 70 00:05:56,636 --> 00:06:02,196 Speaker 1: wife deserved a beating. The police officers then handed back 71 00:06:02,236 --> 00:06:04,836 Speaker 1: to Kate items that had been in her pockets when 72 00:06:04,836 --> 00:06:08,316 Speaker 1: she arrived, an assortment of necessities that she would have 73 00:06:08,396 --> 00:06:12,676 Speaker 1: always kept on her person, plus a teaspoon, a single 74 00:06:12,676 --> 00:06:17,836 Speaker 1: red mitten, and parts of a broken pair of spectacles, 75 00:06:18,316 --> 00:06:22,516 Speaker 1: said the jailer, pushing open the door. Right good night. 76 00:06:26,116 --> 00:06:30,316 Speaker 1: Kate turned left out of the police station and disappeared 77 00:06:30,396 --> 00:06:41,116 Speaker 1: into the night. At that same moment, a mile away, 78 00:06:41,996 --> 00:06:46,356 Speaker 1: Louis Deemshutz had just discovered something blocking the path of 79 00:06:46,436 --> 00:06:50,156 Speaker 1: his horse and cart. He poked the object with his 80 00:06:50,196 --> 00:06:56,196 Speaker 1: whip and then moved closer. He struck a match, illuminating 81 00:06:56,236 --> 00:07:02,636 Speaker 1: the corpse of Elizabeth Stride. Then the wind blew out 82 00:07:02,676 --> 00:07:11,156 Speaker 1: the flame with just a handful of hissing gas lights. 83 00:07:11,676 --> 00:07:14,636 Speaker 1: Most streets in the area would have been pitched black 84 00:07:14,836 --> 00:07:18,316 Speaker 1: at one am, but Kate was accustomed to the dark, 85 00:07:18,796 --> 00:07:22,596 Speaker 1: and she knew the byways and passages of Whitechapel as 86 00:07:22,596 --> 00:07:26,236 Speaker 1: well as she did the bottom of a bottle. After 87 00:07:26,276 --> 00:07:29,836 Speaker 1: about twenty minutes of searching for John Kelly, she must 88 00:07:29,836 --> 00:07:33,356 Speaker 1: have concluded that she would not chance upon his familiar face. 89 00:07:34,316 --> 00:07:38,436 Speaker 1: Likely exhausted by this point, she would have reconciled herself 90 00:07:38,796 --> 00:07:43,196 Speaker 1: to sleeping roff. By now forty six year old Kate 91 00:07:43,436 --> 00:07:46,956 Speaker 1: was familiar with this routine. She knew how to sleep 92 00:07:46,996 --> 00:07:49,916 Speaker 1: in the open, how to find a less painful way 93 00:07:50,076 --> 00:07:53,116 Speaker 1: of laying her head against a hard wall, how to 94 00:07:53,156 --> 00:07:56,236 Speaker 1: ignore the muck that gathered in her skirts, or the 95 00:07:56,316 --> 00:08:00,756 Speaker 1: trickle of wastewater that might roll over her feet. She 96 00:08:00,876 --> 00:08:04,636 Speaker 1: found a spot in the dark far corner of Mita Square. 97 00:08:05,276 --> 00:08:08,756 Speaker 1: Here she lowered herself down, her back against the wall 98 00:08:09,236 --> 00:08:12,756 Speaker 1: as if it were a chair, supporting her. As she 99 00:08:12,836 --> 00:08:16,636 Speaker 1: did so, the assorted objects in her peddler's pockets must 100 00:08:16,676 --> 00:08:20,516 Speaker 1: have moved against one another. Tin boxes filled with sugar 101 00:08:20,556 --> 00:08:25,796 Speaker 1: and tea, an empty cigarette case, and an old table knife. 102 00:08:25,236 --> 00:08:30,156 Speaker 1: Figure for all of her good humor, her singing and jolliness, 103 00:08:30,276 --> 00:08:33,396 Speaker 1: Kate's heart must have been heavy as she closed her 104 00:08:33,396 --> 00:08:39,796 Speaker 1: eyes against the night, said the day a long still 105 00:08:39,916 --> 00:08:50,716 Speaker 1: to us set. White light comes love, old song comes love, 106 00:08:51,196 --> 00:09:06,156 Speaker 1: so sweet so Kate's sister, Eliza, arrived at the mortuary 107 00:09:06,276 --> 00:09:09,756 Speaker 1: with a police inspector. When the cough and lid was 108 00:09:09,836 --> 00:09:14,796 Speaker 1: drawn back, she let forth a stream of anguished whales. 109 00:09:15,596 --> 00:09:18,436 Speaker 1: She was so distressed that she had to be led 110 00:09:18,476 --> 00:09:24,596 Speaker 1: from the room. Kate's throat had been cut, but she'd 111 00:09:24,596 --> 00:09:30,436 Speaker 1: also suffered horrific, almost ritualistic abdominal wounds. Kate's face had 112 00:09:30,436 --> 00:09:34,396 Speaker 1: been disfigured, too, But when Eliza was steady enough to speak, 113 00:09:34,876 --> 00:09:38,436 Speaker 1: she said that she could still recognize the lacerated corpse 114 00:09:38,476 --> 00:09:47,236 Speaker 1: before her as her sister. In spite of their financial circumstances, 115 00:09:47,796 --> 00:09:50,916 Speaker 1: the Eddo's family would not have their sister dropped into 116 00:09:50,916 --> 00:09:54,796 Speaker 1: a pauper's grave, and neither would the residence of Whitechapel 117 00:09:54,876 --> 00:09:58,076 Speaker 1: permit Kate to be laid to rest without a resounding 118 00:09:58,236 --> 00:10:01,756 Speaker 1: send off. On the day of her funeral, the streets 119 00:10:01,956 --> 00:10:06,316 Speaker 1: thronged with hundreds of friends and neighbors, who all gathered 120 00:10:06,356 --> 00:10:11,756 Speaker 1: to pay their last respects as Kate processed towards the cemetery. 121 00:10:16,956 --> 00:10:19,956 Speaker 1: At the inquest, John Kelly was pressed on how Kate 122 00:10:19,996 --> 00:10:23,836 Speaker 1: had made her living. The coroner and jury were skeptical 123 00:10:23,876 --> 00:10:27,236 Speaker 1: of his account, not just because Kelly provided a muddled 124 00:10:27,316 --> 00:10:31,436 Speaker 1: version of events, but because they, like the police and 125 00:10:31,516 --> 00:10:35,276 Speaker 1: the press, were convinced that the killer was targeting prostitutes. 126 00:10:36,716 --> 00:10:39,396 Speaker 1: The manager of the Whitechapel lodging house, where Kate and 127 00:10:39,476 --> 00:10:42,396 Speaker 1: Kelly were regulars, who claimed to have been acquainted with 128 00:10:42,396 --> 00:10:45,796 Speaker 1: the couple for seven years, cited with certainty that he 129 00:10:46,196 --> 00:10:49,036 Speaker 1: never knew or heard of Kate being intimate with anyone 130 00:10:49,076 --> 00:10:54,276 Speaker 1: but Kelly. Kate's sister, Eliza, corroborated this testimony, and for 131 00:10:54,356 --> 00:10:57,236 Speaker 1: his part, Kelly stated that he never knew of her 132 00:10:57,396 --> 00:11:00,796 Speaker 1: going out for immoral purposes at night, nor had she 133 00:11:00,876 --> 00:11:03,356 Speaker 1: ever brought me money in the morning after being out. 134 00:11:03,756 --> 00:11:07,596 Speaker 1: In fact, he stated categorically that he would never have 135 00:11:07,756 --> 00:11:13,516 Speaker 1: suffered such a situation. Nevertheless, journalists persisted in identifying Kate 136 00:11:13,596 --> 00:11:18,636 Speaker 1: as a prostitute. After all, according to Victorian society, homeless 137 00:11:18,676 --> 00:11:21,836 Speaker 1: women and women who sold sex were generally one and 138 00:11:21,916 --> 00:11:26,636 Speaker 1: the same. The Daily Telegraph, for instance, noted that Kate 139 00:11:26,756 --> 00:11:30,476 Speaker 1: regularly bedded down in a shed alongside what they called 140 00:11:30,676 --> 00:11:35,916 Speaker 1: houseless waives penniless prostitutes like herself. Unfortunately, in the course 141 00:11:35,916 --> 00:11:39,156 Speaker 1: of defending Kate's honor to the coroner, Kelly made the 142 00:11:39,196 --> 00:11:42,076 Speaker 1: mistake of using a turn of phrase with a double 143 00:11:42,196 --> 00:11:45,316 Speaker 1: meaning when he stated his concern over their lack of 144 00:11:45,356 --> 00:11:48,996 Speaker 1: doss money. He claimed he didn't want to after see 145 00:11:48,996 --> 00:11:53,036 Speaker 1: her walk about the streets at nine. Walking the streets 146 00:11:53,276 --> 00:11:56,796 Speaker 1: was part of the experience of rough sleepers, a never 147 00:11:56,996 --> 00:12:00,796 Speaker 1: ending nocturnal quest for some were quiet to rest before 148 00:12:00,836 --> 00:12:04,316 Speaker 1: a patrolling constable moved them on. What do you mean 149 00:12:04,356 --> 00:12:08,116 Speaker 1: by walking the streets? Well, so many a time we've 150 00:12:08,196 --> 00:12:10,676 Speaker 1: not had the money to I for shower and evert 151 00:12:10,716 --> 00:12:14,796 Speaker 1: to tramp about. But Kelly's clarification of the term did 152 00:12:14,876 --> 00:12:19,316 Speaker 1: little to dissuade the papers from pursuing the salacious prostitution angle. 153 00:12:19,876 --> 00:12:23,516 Speaker 1: In fact, many of them cut out Kelly's explanation altogether. 154 00:12:24,796 --> 00:12:27,756 Speaker 1: The police and press were primed by the prejudice of 155 00:12:27,796 --> 00:12:31,356 Speaker 1: their era to conclude that Kate Edos sold sex and 156 00:12:31,396 --> 00:12:35,396 Speaker 1: that her status as a prostitute wrought her demise. It 157 00:12:35,476 --> 00:12:38,436 Speaker 1: was of little consequence that the people who actually knew 158 00:12:38,556 --> 00:12:44,236 Speaker 1: Kate said otherwise, respectable society knew better. But the thing 159 00:12:44,396 --> 00:12:48,036 Speaker 1: is working backward from the conclusion you believe to be correct, 160 00:12:48,436 --> 00:12:51,836 Speaker 1: and shoehorning the available evidence to fit your favorite narrative 161 00:12:52,396 --> 00:12:57,516 Speaker 1: makes a deeply flawed investigation. As historian Ginger frost Well knows, 162 00:12:58,116 --> 00:13:01,356 Speaker 1: that's not good historical inquiry. You let your sources tell 163 00:13:01,396 --> 00:13:04,596 Speaker 1: you where to go. What does your evidence tell you? 164 00:13:04,676 --> 00:13:07,956 Speaker 1: Look at the evidence first, and then you draw your conclusions. 165 00:13:08,436 --> 00:13:11,876 Speaker 1: It's the orion's version of the scientific method. As with 166 00:13:11,956 --> 00:13:15,596 Speaker 1: Polly Nichols and Annie Chapman, there is simply no reliable 167 00:13:15,636 --> 00:13:19,356 Speaker 1: evidence that Kate Edos ever sold sex, and if at 168 00:13:19,396 --> 00:13:22,236 Speaker 1: least three of Jack the Ripper's victims weren't involved in 169 00:13:22,276 --> 00:13:25,756 Speaker 1: the sex trade, Jack the Ripper can't be a killer 170 00:13:25,756 --> 00:13:30,556 Speaker 1: of prostitutes. So what is the evidence telling me? I 171 00:13:30,716 --> 00:13:34,476 Speaker 1: read the witness accounts of the murder scenes. There was 172 00:13:34,676 --> 00:13:39,516 Speaker 1: another common denominator, something else connected these victims, And when 173 00:13:39,516 --> 00:13:42,996 Speaker 1: I examined their stories and the circumstances of their deaths, 174 00:13:44,196 --> 00:13:51,036 Speaker 1: it hit me the ripper retold will be back in 175 00:13:51,076 --> 00:14:00,356 Speaker 1: a moment. Polly Nichols, Annie Chapman, Elizabeth Stride and Kate 176 00:14:00,516 --> 00:14:03,916 Speaker 1: Edo's are not linked by the sex trade, but they 177 00:14:03,956 --> 00:14:09,116 Speaker 1: are all connected by their precarious living situations. Polly, Annie, 178 00:14:09,196 --> 00:14:12,196 Speaker 1: and Kate were all found in corners and crevices which 179 00:14:12,236 --> 00:14:16,116 Speaker 1: were relatively quiet. This fact has been used to bolster 180 00:14:16,156 --> 00:14:19,716 Speaker 1: the prostitution narrative, the assumption being that each of the 181 00:14:19,756 --> 00:14:24,076 Speaker 1: women purposefully took their clients to secluded locations to engage 182 00:14:24,076 --> 00:14:28,756 Speaker 1: and paid for sexual acts. Polly Nichols was discovered beside 183 00:14:28,756 --> 00:14:32,156 Speaker 1: a recessed gate, Annie Chapman in a yard off a 184 00:14:32,236 --> 00:14:35,556 Speaker 1: main street, and Kate Edos in a dark corner of 185 00:14:35,636 --> 00:14:38,796 Speaker 1: mita square, away from the glow of any street lamps. 186 00:14:39,636 --> 00:14:42,356 Speaker 1: But what if, in the absence of any other shelter, 187 00:14:42,876 --> 00:14:46,756 Speaker 1: these women were just looking for places to sleep. We 188 00:14:46,876 --> 00:14:50,196 Speaker 1: know that Polly, Annie, Elizabeth and Kate all drifted between 189 00:14:50,236 --> 00:14:54,676 Speaker 1: lodging houses, the workhouse, and occasionally the odd rented room. 190 00:14:54,836 --> 00:14:57,436 Speaker 1: Each woke daily without knowing where she would lay her 191 00:14:57,436 --> 00:15:00,556 Speaker 1: head that night. The fourpence required for a lodging house 192 00:15:00,556 --> 00:15:04,556 Speaker 1: bed was often unobtainable, and permanent shelter was a luxury 193 00:15:04,676 --> 00:15:09,316 Speaker 1: that was simply beyond reach. After Kate Edos died, other 194 00:15:09,356 --> 00:15:12,516 Speaker 1: women came forward and stated that she regularly bedded down 195 00:15:12,556 --> 00:15:17,676 Speaker 1: with them in a shed. In London, rough sleepers were ubiquitous. 196 00:15:18,436 --> 00:15:22,076 Speaker 1: There were an estimated seventy thousand homeless individuals in the 197 00:15:22,156 --> 00:15:26,516 Speaker 1: city in the Victorian era. As is true today, homelessness 198 00:15:26,676 --> 00:15:30,436 Speaker 1: went hand in hand with vulnerability to violence. Women who 199 00:15:30,476 --> 00:15:33,316 Speaker 1: lived without male protection and a roof over their heads 200 00:15:33,356 --> 00:15:38,236 Speaker 1: were outcasts, and outcasts were regarded as morally corrupt and 201 00:15:38,396 --> 00:15:42,756 Speaker 1: sexually impure. It was generally accepted that such women would 202 00:15:42,796 --> 00:15:45,716 Speaker 1: do anything for food and a bed, that they were 203 00:15:45,756 --> 00:15:49,956 Speaker 1: available to be used for sex. Women who refused a 204 00:15:49,996 --> 00:15:56,316 Speaker 1: man in these circumstances could expect to suffer assault. Victorian 205 00:15:56,356 --> 00:16:01,596 Speaker 1: researcher Ellen Stanley documented the lives of homeless women, including 206 00:16:01,636 --> 00:16:05,236 Speaker 1: the gray haired Cranky Sal, whose face had been disfigured 207 00:16:05,276 --> 00:16:10,116 Speaker 1: by a stroke. One day, Stanley noticed Sal had a 208 00:16:10,156 --> 00:16:13,396 Speaker 1: black eye. I would not let a man do as 209 00:16:13,396 --> 00:16:17,036 Speaker 1: he liked. With me, it seems a decently dressed gentleman 210 00:16:17,156 --> 00:16:19,996 Speaker 1: had offered to buy her a pennyworth of whelks and 211 00:16:20,036 --> 00:16:23,956 Speaker 1: a twopenny pie. Then we strolled along and stopping at 212 00:16:23,996 --> 00:16:27,596 Speaker 1: a doorway, he offered me a shillin. He said that 213 00:16:27,636 --> 00:16:30,076 Speaker 1: would get me a lodging for the night. And he 214 00:16:30,116 --> 00:16:31,836 Speaker 1: asked me if I was going to take his money, 215 00:16:31,876 --> 00:16:35,396 Speaker 1: and I said, oh no, I don't do business like that, 216 00:16:35,476 --> 00:16:39,996 Speaker 1: and he gave me a violent blow. When sal approached 217 00:16:39,996 --> 00:16:43,996 Speaker 1: a policeman for help, he just laughed. He said that 218 00:16:44,116 --> 00:16:47,476 Speaker 1: man must have a strong stomach to fancy such is me. 219 00:16:48,956 --> 00:16:52,396 Speaker 1: She met with a similar response from another officer. He 220 00:16:52,436 --> 00:16:56,396 Speaker 1: refused to listen and pushed me from the pavement enter 221 00:16:56,476 --> 00:17:01,116 Speaker 1: the middle of the street. We all know that homes 222 00:17:01,156 --> 00:17:04,476 Speaker 1: people get beating up, people piss on them, which I 223 00:17:04,476 --> 00:17:08,676 Speaker 1: think is absolutely vile. Grace knows firsthand that even to 224 00:17:08,716 --> 00:17:13,276 Speaker 1: this debt, homeless people are objects of scorn, disgust, and fear. 225 00:17:13,596 --> 00:17:17,116 Speaker 1: Would that be acceptable to Chet to anybody else, Absolutely not. 226 00:17:17,916 --> 00:17:20,676 Speaker 1: But people just see him as public property. We can 227 00:17:20,716 --> 00:17:23,916 Speaker 1: do what we want to them. They're there, there's no accountability, 228 00:17:23,916 --> 00:17:27,356 Speaker 1: They're not going to appall. Grace was previously homeless and 229 00:17:27,436 --> 00:17:30,876 Speaker 1: now works for a charity. She sees the obstacles that 230 00:17:30,916 --> 00:17:34,396 Speaker 1: homeless women face and the ways they are victimized. Just 231 00:17:34,596 --> 00:17:38,196 Speaker 1: as Polly, Annie and Kate had varied experiences of life 232 00:17:38,236 --> 00:17:42,436 Speaker 1: without permanent shelter in the Victorian era, homelessness today is 233 00:17:42,596 --> 00:17:46,916 Speaker 1: rarely uniform and constant. A person with no fixed address 234 00:17:47,236 --> 00:17:50,716 Speaker 1: might rotate between sleeping on the streets, lodging at a hostel, 235 00:17:50,956 --> 00:17:54,996 Speaker 1: and staying with a friend or acquaintance. Grace herself became 236 00:17:55,076 --> 00:17:57,996 Speaker 1: homeless after she left college. I tried to find a 237 00:17:58,076 --> 00:18:01,036 Speaker 1: temper accommodation and I got it at first, and then 238 00:18:01,076 --> 00:18:03,156 Speaker 1: it fell through, and then I started so for surfing. 239 00:18:03,476 --> 00:18:06,396 Speaker 1: I was being with people simply for somewhere to stay, 240 00:18:06,476 --> 00:18:08,956 Speaker 1: and then I ended up in our hostel, and then 241 00:18:08,956 --> 00:18:11,996 Speaker 1: I got moved into my own place. I'm quite lucky, 242 00:18:12,036 --> 00:18:14,236 Speaker 1: because you know, I still see these women that I 243 00:18:14,276 --> 00:18:17,636 Speaker 1: lived with, and they're still there. They just get lost 244 00:18:17,636 --> 00:18:19,956 Speaker 1: in the system. They're caught up in hotels, they're caught 245 00:18:20,036 --> 00:18:22,756 Speaker 1: up in short stay accommodations. They're never given anywhere permanent. 246 00:18:23,476 --> 00:18:26,356 Speaker 1: Kate Eddo's experience of violence at the hands of Thomas 247 00:18:26,436 --> 00:18:30,076 Speaker 1: Conway also reminds Grace of the stories of some of 248 00:18:30,076 --> 00:18:33,436 Speaker 1: the women she's encountered in her work. Unfortunately, a lot 249 00:18:33,436 --> 00:18:36,436 Speaker 1: of the women I met along the way weren't homeless 250 00:18:36,476 --> 00:18:39,356 Speaker 1: that they were fleeing domestic abuse. Their only option was 251 00:18:39,436 --> 00:18:41,956 Speaker 1: to declare themselves homeless and end up in a hostel, 252 00:18:42,036 --> 00:18:44,396 Speaker 1: which was really not the best environment for them. They 253 00:18:44,476 --> 00:18:48,716 Speaker 1: needed help with domestic violence, not homelessness. Just like the 254 00:18:48,756 --> 00:18:53,876 Speaker 1: women in Victorian Whitechapel, Today's homeless women sometimes except financial 255 00:18:53,916 --> 00:18:57,876 Speaker 1: support or offers of accommodation from men whose motives are 256 00:18:57,996 --> 00:19:01,556 Speaker 1: far from altruistic. He thinks she must do what I 257 00:19:01,596 --> 00:19:04,996 Speaker 1: say because I've given her money, even though that's never agreed. 258 00:19:05,196 --> 00:19:08,876 Speaker 1: People just assume consent and they end up rape naru 259 00:19:09,316 --> 00:19:13,396 Speaker 1: in our Often these crimes aren't reported to the police. 260 00:19:13,836 --> 00:19:16,916 Speaker 1: There is a huge trust issue of the police. Homeless 261 00:19:16,956 --> 00:19:20,356 Speaker 1: people can expect the police to show them contempt, says Grace, 262 00:19:20,796 --> 00:19:23,236 Speaker 1: not unlike the kind of scorn and disdain that Cranky 263 00:19:23,356 --> 00:19:26,876 Speaker 1: Sal suffered when she reported assault. And because of all 264 00:19:26,916 --> 00:19:30,196 Speaker 1: of this, they're more at risk of exploitation, They're more 265 00:19:30,236 --> 00:19:32,436 Speaker 1: at risk of people taking a vanagement. Just in general, 266 00:19:32,476 --> 00:19:34,756 Speaker 1: because they tend to be more despoted to just reach 267 00:19:34,796 --> 00:19:38,676 Speaker 1: their basic needs such as foods, such as shelter. Unfortunately, 268 00:19:38,796 --> 00:19:40,756 Speaker 1: if you're not going to ring the place, you're already 269 00:19:40,796 --> 00:19:43,716 Speaker 1: living a really chaotic lifestyle. The last thing you want 270 00:19:43,756 --> 00:19:47,796 Speaker 1: to do is slap on a police investigation. You don't 271 00:19:47,796 --> 00:19:49,996 Speaker 1: want to go for all that. People know this and 272 00:19:50,116 --> 00:19:53,516 Speaker 1: they just take advantage of it. Sadly matching what Grace 273 00:19:53,596 --> 00:19:56,956 Speaker 1: can tell me about the experiences of homelessness. With historical 274 00:19:56,956 --> 00:20:00,876 Speaker 1: accounts from the eighteen eighties and my own research, I'm 275 00:20:00,956 --> 00:20:05,156 Speaker 1: more convinced than ever that Jack the rippers modus operandi 276 00:20:05,716 --> 00:20:10,476 Speaker 1: was to kill not working prostitutes, but sleeping or unconscious 277 00:20:10,516 --> 00:20:14,956 Speaker 1: homeless people. This theory has of course drawn the ire 278 00:20:15,076 --> 00:20:19,996 Speaker 1: of ripparologists, including former police officer Trevor Marriott, whose own 279 00:20:20,076 --> 00:20:24,876 Speaker 1: pet ripper theory rests entirely on the discredited prostitution thesis. 280 00:20:25,436 --> 00:20:29,676 Speaker 1: I don't know why Halley has chosen to suggest that 281 00:20:29,756 --> 00:20:34,236 Speaker 1: these women were killed while they slept in the street. 282 00:20:34,716 --> 00:20:38,516 Speaker 1: It's absolute ridiculousness to try to accept that that could 283 00:20:38,516 --> 00:20:42,876 Speaker 1: have happened. Is it so ridiculous? Wouldn't it be riskier 284 00:20:43,156 --> 00:20:45,716 Speaker 1: for a murderer to meet a sex worker on a 285 00:20:45,756 --> 00:20:49,636 Speaker 1: busy street in front of witnesses, and walk with her 286 00:20:49,756 --> 00:20:53,836 Speaker 1: until he found a secluded outdoor space. What if she 287 00:20:53,916 --> 00:20:57,276 Speaker 1: were to scream or flee or fight back when he 288 00:20:57,316 --> 00:21:02,316 Speaker 1: revealed his knife. Wouldn't a slumbering victim already curled up 289 00:21:02,356 --> 00:21:04,836 Speaker 1: in a dark corner and away from prying eyes be 290 00:21:04,916 --> 00:21:10,396 Speaker 1: an altogether more tempting option. But that would make Jack 291 00:21:10,436 --> 00:21:13,596 Speaker 1: the River a very different kind of killer, wouldn't it. 292 00:21:15,076 --> 00:21:19,756 Speaker 1: He'd be a creeping, tiptoeing sneak. He'd be a coward, 293 00:21:20,476 --> 00:21:24,436 Speaker 1: and his victims wouldn't be brassy outcasts flying a dangerous 294 00:21:24,476 --> 00:21:31,916 Speaker 1: and immoral trade, but women merely seeking sleep. And that's 295 00:21:31,996 --> 00:21:38,716 Speaker 1: not a story. Some people will swallow more on that 296 00:21:38,916 --> 00:21:46,716 Speaker 1: after this short break. There really is no more marginalizing 297 00:21:46,796 --> 00:21:50,596 Speaker 1: science population than people who are sleeping rough people who 298 00:21:50,596 --> 00:21:54,516 Speaker 1: live on the streets. That's criminologist Paul Bleakly. He thinks 299 00:21:54,556 --> 00:21:57,956 Speaker 1: my theory holds water. These are people who don't have 300 00:21:57,996 --> 00:22:01,636 Speaker 1: any voice for a range of reasons. They are easy targets, 301 00:22:01,676 --> 00:22:03,876 Speaker 1: easy prey for people who are looking to do harm. 302 00:22:04,556 --> 00:22:08,396 Speaker 1: There are so many examples of this spanning the decades. 303 00:22:09,156 --> 00:22:13,076 Speaker 1: In twenty twenty, one in San Diego, John David Guero 304 00:22:13,116 --> 00:22:17,356 Speaker 1: received multiple life sentences for beating three homeless people to death, 305 00:22:17,756 --> 00:22:20,676 Speaker 1: dowsing others with gas and setting them on fire, and 306 00:22:20,956 --> 00:22:25,236 Speaker 1: viciously assaulting yet more victims with a spike, often as 307 00:22:25,276 --> 00:22:29,156 Speaker 1: they slept. One man who survived said that Guero had 308 00:22:29,196 --> 00:22:33,636 Speaker 1: stated he was attacking him because he was a bum. 309 00:22:33,756 --> 00:22:36,996 Speaker 1: According to Paul, this type of violence can be explained, 310 00:22:37,276 --> 00:22:42,116 Speaker 1: at least in part by what criminologists call routine activity theory, 311 00:22:42,676 --> 00:22:46,236 Speaker 1: which basically suggests that what we need for a crime 312 00:22:46,236 --> 00:22:50,476 Speaker 1: to happen is essentially a motivated offender, a lack of 313 00:22:50,476 --> 00:22:54,116 Speaker 1: a protector, and a vulnerable victim. For Paul, this offers 314 00:22:54,156 --> 00:22:57,316 Speaker 1: us an insight into the Whitechapel murders and represents an 315 00:22:57,356 --> 00:23:01,036 Speaker 1: important shift away from obsessing over the killer's motive and 316 00:23:01,316 --> 00:23:04,516 Speaker 1: onto the kinds of social conditions that paved the way 317 00:23:04,556 --> 00:23:08,556 Speaker 1: for people to become victims. Okay, yes, it doesn't tell 318 00:23:08,596 --> 00:23:11,716 Speaker 1: you why person who's being victimized. It might be because 319 00:23:11,916 --> 00:23:14,116 Speaker 1: someone's trying to rob them. It might be because someone's 320 00:23:14,156 --> 00:23:16,316 Speaker 1: out for a thrill. It could be because someone has 321 00:23:16,756 --> 00:23:19,436 Speaker 1: mental illness. It could be anything. But the fact is 322 00:23:19,516 --> 00:23:22,956 Speaker 1: that people who are rough sleeping are especially vulnerable to it. 323 00:23:23,476 --> 00:23:26,836 Speaker 1: My theory that the Ripper's victims are linked by homelessness 324 00:23:27,316 --> 00:23:30,316 Speaker 1: is but now, compared to some of the outrageous tales 325 00:23:30,396 --> 00:23:33,796 Speaker 1: that the Rippers inspired, it's hard to imagine that Jack 326 00:23:33,836 --> 00:23:37,156 Speaker 1: the Ripper, slayer of the homeless, would have garnered the 327 00:23:37,196 --> 00:23:40,116 Speaker 1: same degree of fame as Jack the Ripper, the killer 328 00:23:40,156 --> 00:23:44,036 Speaker 1: of whores would. A murderer of homeless people draw tourists 329 00:23:44,036 --> 00:23:46,996 Speaker 1: from all over the world, with the likes of Michael 330 00:23:47,076 --> 00:23:50,036 Speaker 1: Caine and Johnny Depp, have brought them to life through 331 00:23:50,076 --> 00:23:53,876 Speaker 1: TV and film. And yet the more I thought about it, 332 00:23:54,356 --> 00:23:56,636 Speaker 1: the more I realized that this feature of the Jack 333 00:23:56,676 --> 00:23:59,516 Speaker 1: the Ripper killings has been staring us in the face 334 00:23:59,716 --> 00:24:03,996 Speaker 1: all along. So why are we still resisting it? And 335 00:24:04,116 --> 00:24:08,116 Speaker 1: more than that, why does it make people so angry? 336 00:24:08,756 --> 00:24:13,676 Speaker 1: Why would Katherine Edo's go with someone into a dark, 337 00:24:13,756 --> 00:24:17,996 Speaker 1: secluded corner in Miter Square when she had lodgings to 338 00:24:18,116 --> 00:24:20,596 Speaker 1: go to. Why was she there? What was she doing 339 00:24:20,636 --> 00:24:23,116 Speaker 1: with a male person at that time in the morning. 340 00:24:23,236 --> 00:24:27,636 Speaker 1: She wasn't out for us early morning stroll, that's for sure, Trevor. Again, 341 00:24:28,156 --> 00:24:30,916 Speaker 1: my producer Alice spoke to him. I suppose the thing 342 00:24:30,916 --> 00:24:33,956 Speaker 1: about about homelessness is that people often do end up 343 00:24:33,996 --> 00:24:38,876 Speaker 1: sleeping in places that don't yep, I would totally agree. 344 00:24:39,076 --> 00:24:42,596 Speaker 1: But the crime scenes and the crime scene photos are 345 00:24:42,676 --> 00:24:46,076 Speaker 1: not conducive with anybody just suddenly saying, oh, I'm going 346 00:24:46,116 --> 00:24:47,796 Speaker 1: to lie down in the middle of the road and 347 00:24:47,876 --> 00:24:51,196 Speaker 1: have a sleep, and then suddenly a killer comes along 348 00:24:51,236 --> 00:24:54,356 Speaker 1: and murders them in their sleep. I began to wonder 349 00:24:54,436 --> 00:24:58,276 Speaker 1: if the refusal to acknowledge this obvious link might be telling, 350 00:24:58,756 --> 00:25:02,516 Speaker 1: if our preference through outlandish theories might reveal something about 351 00:25:02,516 --> 00:25:07,436 Speaker 1: our culture's appetite for murder stories, and in particular, about 352 00:25:07,476 --> 00:25:11,756 Speaker 1: how we like our serial killers. He's smarter than the police. 353 00:25:12,436 --> 00:25:16,196 Speaker 1: He manages to blend in like he's got an invisibility cloak. 354 00:25:16,516 --> 00:25:19,796 Speaker 1: Here's Rebecca Frost, an expert on literature about the Ripper. 355 00:25:19,996 --> 00:25:22,996 Speaker 1: He manages to convince these women to be alone with 356 00:25:23,076 --> 00:25:25,756 Speaker 1: him for long enough for him to kill them. He 357 00:25:25,796 --> 00:25:28,236 Speaker 1: can come across as normal and yet still be this 358 00:25:28,356 --> 00:25:32,676 Speaker 1: criminal masterminds. It's a really yeah, he's like a super villain. 359 00:25:32,796 --> 00:25:35,316 Speaker 1: I mean, he's like Lex Luthor or something. This serial 360 00:25:35,396 --> 00:25:39,516 Speaker 1: killer as super villain cliche is everywhere When a serial 361 00:25:39,596 --> 00:25:42,516 Speaker 1: killer remains at large in real life, it's often thanks 362 00:25:42,556 --> 00:25:46,436 Speaker 1: to chance or the indifference of the authorities. Remember Samuel Little. 363 00:25:46,716 --> 00:25:49,356 Speaker 1: He's believed to have murdered up to ninety victims from 364 00:25:49,356 --> 00:25:53,036 Speaker 1: the nineteen seventies onward, helped in no small part by 365 00:25:53,076 --> 00:25:56,956 Speaker 1: a criminal justice system that didn't value the women he murdered. 366 00:25:57,916 --> 00:26:00,596 Speaker 1: The world of fiction, on the other hand, is full 367 00:26:00,636 --> 00:26:05,436 Speaker 1: of serial killers who are charming, cultivated, and staggeringly intelligent, 368 00:26:05,996 --> 00:26:09,516 Speaker 1: from Hannibal Lecter to Dexter to the scheming John Doe. 369 00:26:09,676 --> 00:26:13,916 Speaker 1: In seven with Jack the Ripper, that fictional troope spills 370 00:26:13,956 --> 00:26:19,036 Speaker 1: over into real life crime. Novelist Patricia Cornwell definitely thinks 371 00:26:19,076 --> 00:26:23,316 Speaker 1: the killer was a superman. This was this blonde, gorgeous 372 00:26:23,356 --> 00:26:28,716 Speaker 1: guy who spoke seven or eight languages, genius IQ, extremely 373 00:26:28,876 --> 00:26:32,676 Speaker 1: talented artist. He was somebody who hobnob was some of 374 00:26:32,716 --> 00:26:36,636 Speaker 1: the highest levels of society. He was the apprentice to Whistler, 375 00:26:36,716 --> 00:26:40,276 Speaker 1: friends with people like Degas Oscar Wilde. He gave painting 376 00:26:40,356 --> 00:26:44,756 Speaker 1: lessons to Winston Churchill. Imagine that that Churchill was given 377 00:26:44,836 --> 00:26:49,956 Speaker 1: art lessons by Jack the Ripper. I'm watching a video 378 00:26:50,036 --> 00:26:53,916 Speaker 1: she made in twenty fifteen trying to fathom her complicated 379 00:26:53,996 --> 00:26:58,556 Speaker 1: theory that Jack was in fact the famed artist Walter Sickard. 380 00:26:59,356 --> 00:27:03,236 Speaker 1: In Patricia's theory, a celebrated painter swaps his brush for 381 00:27:03,276 --> 00:27:06,476 Speaker 1: a knife, and his crime has become the expression of 382 00:27:06,476 --> 00:27:10,276 Speaker 1: his intellect and brilliance. Jack the rip But is quite 383 00:27:10,396 --> 00:27:18,196 Speaker 1: literally an artist, brutal, bloody, uncompromising, enacting his vision then disappearing, 384 00:27:18,796 --> 00:27:22,476 Speaker 1: leaving the police and the public bewildered in his wake. 385 00:27:24,516 --> 00:27:27,636 Speaker 1: But lionizing killers comes at the expense of the victims, 386 00:27:27,636 --> 00:27:32,036 Speaker 1: says Rebecca. It's this fascination with him, why he did it, 387 00:27:32,156 --> 00:27:34,356 Speaker 1: what drove him to do this. We don't want to 388 00:27:34,356 --> 00:27:36,796 Speaker 1: feel empathy for the victims because then we can't feel 389 00:27:36,796 --> 00:27:39,836 Speaker 1: a fascination for the killer. And it's really just become 390 00:27:39,876 --> 00:27:42,636 Speaker 1: this over a century of who done it. We want 391 00:27:42,676 --> 00:27:45,356 Speaker 1: to identify the killer, we want the motive, we want 392 00:27:45,356 --> 00:27:48,596 Speaker 1: the reason, and we really have to push the victims away. 393 00:27:48,636 --> 00:27:50,476 Speaker 1: If we're going to look at it as that sort 394 00:27:50,516 --> 00:27:54,716 Speaker 1: of thought experiment, perhaps we prefer Jack the Ripper to 395 00:27:54,756 --> 00:28:01,036 Speaker 1: be an extraordinary superhuman monster because the alternative is more threatening. 396 00:28:01,556 --> 00:28:05,236 Speaker 1: Accepting that Jack the Ripper was an ordinary Joe, both 397 00:28:05,236 --> 00:28:08,756 Speaker 1: a member and a product of regular society would mean 398 00:28:08,876 --> 00:28:13,276 Speaker 1: it knowledging that we might have something in common with him, 399 00:28:13,436 --> 00:28:18,276 Speaker 1: that in some ways the monster lies far closer than 400 00:28:18,396 --> 00:28:24,836 Speaker 1: we would care to admit. Shortly after kate Edo's murder, 401 00:28:25,276 --> 00:28:29,156 Speaker 1: a local businessman called George Lusk received a box in 402 00:28:29,196 --> 00:28:33,316 Speaker 1: the post. Lusk had just helped to establish a vigilante 403 00:28:33,476 --> 00:28:37,636 Speaker 1: organization whose members patrolled the area to hunt down Jack. 404 00:28:39,436 --> 00:28:44,476 Speaker 1: Lusk opened the box and was baffled and then horrified 405 00:28:44,516 --> 00:28:49,876 Speaker 1: by its contents. Inside was half a human kidney preserved 406 00:28:49,876 --> 00:28:55,876 Speaker 1: an alcohol. It was accompanied by a letter addressed from Hell. 407 00:28:56,676 --> 00:28:58,836 Speaker 1: I may send you the bloody knife that took it 408 00:28:58,876 --> 00:29:02,996 Speaker 1: out if you only weigh a while longer, signed catch 409 00:29:03,036 --> 00:29:07,316 Speaker 1: me when you can, mister Lusk. The parcel turned out 410 00:29:07,316 --> 00:29:10,596 Speaker 1: to be another hoax. It was thought that the kidney 411 00:29:10,596 --> 00:29:13,156 Speaker 1: had been procured by some medical students as part of 412 00:29:13,196 --> 00:29:16,876 Speaker 1: a callous joke. Even so, it tends to be what 413 00:29:16,996 --> 00:29:21,556 Speaker 1: people remember about kate Edo's story. In fact, the from 414 00:29:21,636 --> 00:29:25,956 Speaker 1: Hell letter and its attendant organ have featured an elaborate 415 00:29:25,996 --> 00:29:30,396 Speaker 1: theories about the killer for decades. In the nineteen seventies, 416 00:29:30,436 --> 00:29:33,636 Speaker 1: they were part of a popular but convoluted story that 417 00:29:33,676 --> 00:29:39,236 Speaker 1: implicated the British royal family Masonic ritual, and once again 418 00:29:39,596 --> 00:29:45,316 Speaker 1: Walter Sicott published in a book rather tastelessly entitled Jack 419 00:29:45,356 --> 00:29:49,396 Speaker 1: the Ripper The Final Solution. It suggested that an heir 420 00:29:49,436 --> 00:29:51,916 Speaker 1: to the throne fell in love with and secretly wed 421 00:29:51,956 --> 00:29:55,516 Speaker 1: one of Sictt's working class models. To cover up the scandal, 422 00:29:55,796 --> 00:30:00,156 Speaker 1: Queen Victoria's own doctor was sent to Whitechapel to murder 423 00:30:00,196 --> 00:30:03,916 Speaker 1: any witnesses to the marriage in the most gruesome way possible. 424 00:30:04,796 --> 00:30:07,356 Speaker 1: A network of Freemasons then saw to it that the 425 00:30:07,436 --> 00:30:12,156 Speaker 1: evidence was suppressed and the killer's true identity was never revealed. 426 00:30:13,716 --> 00:30:17,196 Speaker 1: People seem to adore this kind of conspiratorial explanation of 427 00:30:17,236 --> 00:30:20,916 Speaker 1: the murders. There's no evidence to back up any of it, 428 00:30:21,036 --> 00:30:23,876 Speaker 1: but its adherents will tell you that's only because the 429 00:30:23,996 --> 00:30:28,356 Speaker 1: government cover up was so thorough. Kate Edo's place in 430 00:30:28,356 --> 00:30:33,356 Speaker 1: this farcical story is particularly wretched. Even the fantasist couldn't 431 00:30:33,356 --> 00:30:36,436 Speaker 1: connect her to the supposed royal scandal, so they claim 432 00:30:36,516 --> 00:30:40,316 Speaker 1: her murder was merely a horrific case of mistaken identity. 433 00:30:42,116 --> 00:30:45,796 Speaker 1: The Ripper case is full of such confections. We'd rather 434 00:30:45,876 --> 00:30:50,596 Speaker 1: believe the dramatic and fantastical over the mundane and obvious, 435 00:30:51,796 --> 00:30:56,156 Speaker 1: far from the powerful conspiring to kill the women. The evidence, 436 00:30:56,236 --> 00:31:00,116 Speaker 1: as I see it, points to society's utter indifference and 437 00:31:00,276 --> 00:31:05,196 Speaker 1: neglect towards them, and the depressing reality the poverty and 438 00:31:05,316 --> 00:31:23,036 Speaker 1: homelessness gave the ripper is terrible opportunity unity bad women. 439 00:31:23,076 --> 00:31:25,836 Speaker 1: The Rippery Told is brought to you by Pushkin Industries 440 00:31:25,836 --> 00:31:27,996 Speaker 1: and me Hallie ribbin Hold, and is based on my 441 00:31:28,036 --> 00:31:30,996 Speaker 1: book The Five. It was produced and co written by 442 00:31:31,076 --> 00:31:33,796 Speaker 1: Ryan Dilley and Alice Fines, with help from Pete Norton. 443 00:31:34,276 --> 00:31:37,316 Speaker 1: Pascal Wise Sound designed and mixed the show and composed 444 00:31:37,356 --> 00:31:40,636 Speaker 1: all the original music. You also heard the voice talents 445 00:31:40,676 --> 00:31:44,756 Speaker 1: of Bencrow, Melanie Gutridge, Gemma Saunders, and rufus Wright. The 446 00:31:44,836 --> 00:31:47,716 Speaker 1: show also wouldn't have been possible without the work of 447 00:31:47,796 --> 00:31:52,876 Speaker 1: mir La Belle, Jacob Weisberg, Jenguerra, Heather Fane, Carlie mcgliori, 448 00:31:53,316 --> 00:31:57,636 Speaker 1: Maggie Taylor, Nicole Maraino, The tal Mullad, Eric Sandler, and 449 00:31:57,796 --> 00:32:01,676 Speaker 1: Daniella Lakhan. With special thanks to my agents Sarah Ballard 450 00:32:01,716 --> 00:32:28,356 Speaker 1: and Ellie Karen Game.