WEBVTT - The Memory of Slime

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<v Speaker 1>Welcome to Stuff to Blow your Mind from how Stuff

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<v Speaker 1>Works dot com. Hey you welcome to Stuff to Blow

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<v Speaker 1>your Mind. My name is Robert Lamb and my name

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<v Speaker 1>is Julie Douglas, and we are rounding up the Trilogy

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<v Speaker 1>of Slime. Here we have. We started off with an

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<v Speaker 1>episode tital Trilogy of Slime, where we talking about the

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<v Speaker 1>natures of the nature of slime and organisms and all

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<v Speaker 1>the important roles that it serves. Then we did a

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<v Speaker 1>little Valentine special about the sex life of slugs, which

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<v Speaker 1>is also very slimy but also a little stabby. And

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<v Speaker 1>then finally we are discussing the slime mold, which is uh,

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<v Speaker 1>taking it in a in a different direction, but a

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<v Speaker 1>really really deceptively mind blowing direction, because when you just

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<v Speaker 1>talk about the word mold itself is kind of boring.

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<v Speaker 1>Mold is something that grows somewhere that you don't think about,

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<v Speaker 1>you know, It's like it's it's that's the stuff that

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<v Speaker 1>grows in the tub, it grows in the corner, grows

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<v Speaker 1>under the house maybe and unless you think about it

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<v Speaker 1>the better. Yeah. Um, but slime mold is actually something

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<v Speaker 1>that is helping is to redefine intelligence and we'll talk

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<v Speaker 1>a bit more about that in a moment. Um. But

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<v Speaker 1>when we talk about slime mold and we say mold,

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<v Speaker 1>we actually are not talking about any sort of fungus here, right,

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<v Speaker 1>We're talking about mainly when we talk about slime old

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<v Speaker 1>is something called phi serum polycephalum, and that that name

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<v Speaker 1>actually means many headed slime mold. Slime is not a

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<v Speaker 1>slime mold is not a plant or an animal. It's

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<v Speaker 1>not a fungus, though it sometimes resembles one structurally. Yeah,

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<v Speaker 1>it's a single, single celled creature, brainless, brainless, No, no

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<v Speaker 1>brain and that's important here, no nervous system to speak of.

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<v Speaker 1>And yet it's intelligence. It's what fascinates us. Yeah, I

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<v Speaker 1>mean it ultimately makes us really think hard and deep

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<v Speaker 1>about what intelligence is and what it can be, especially

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<v Speaker 1>when we're trying to think about what what life could

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<v Speaker 1>be like elsewhere in the in the universe. Um. And

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<v Speaker 1>when you say in the universe, you should consider that, Uh,

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<v Speaker 1>these guys go back in evolutionary history history about a

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<v Speaker 1>billion years. And according to Dr Baldolph, who is a

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<v Speaker 1>Swedish biologist studying the DNA of slime mold species, she

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<v Speaker 1>says that they might be tightly linked to the development

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<v Speaker 1>of soil on land, which is very cool to think

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<v Speaker 1>about when you think about slime mold. Yeah, it's kind

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<v Speaker 1>of triggy to to to really look at our history

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<v Speaker 1>of fly mold because it's not something that really lends

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<v Speaker 1>itself well to the fossil record. Yeah, exactly. We do

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<v Speaker 1>know that there are nine hundred known species of slime mold,

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<v Speaker 1>but they're really only about two that are studied in earnest.

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<v Speaker 1>Slime mold's live in moist terrestrial habitats like decaying wood

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<v Speaker 1>or fresh captung nice and once the mold has found food,

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<v Speaker 1>such as a piece of decaying vegetation or a micro organism,

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<v Speaker 1>it grows over it and it secretes digestive enzymes. So

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<v Speaker 1>something like polycephalum then construct an elaborate network of interconnections

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<v Speaker 1>between foods sources which allow it to shuttle nutrients around

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<v Speaker 1>and get the full form of the organism fully fed. Um.

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<v Speaker 1>Slime molds then devour many parts of bacteria, and then

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<v Speaker 1>this releases those nutrients for other organisms to grow on.

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<v Speaker 1>So it's a huge part of the ecosystem. So what

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<v Speaker 1>does it look like, Um, it does not really so

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<v Speaker 1>much look like slime per se like, it doesn't look

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<v Speaker 1>like Nickelodeon bucket of slime falling on someone's head. And

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<v Speaker 1>it has more of a yellowy consistency to it. It It

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<v Speaker 1>doesn't particularly look viscous. Yeah, a lot of people have

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<v Speaker 1>lined it to dog vomit. Um. That's a that's the

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<v Speaker 1>usual thing that people spot. UM. But it actually comes

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<v Speaker 1>in nearly every color of the rainbow except green because

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<v Speaker 1>it lacks chlorophyll um. Some resemble honeycomb lattice structures, others

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<v Speaker 1>kind of look like BlackBerry configurations. UM. And then of

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<v Speaker 1>course there's the dog vomit, which is the classic thing. UM.

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<v Speaker 1>Some remain microscopic to the eye, but others grow large,

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<v Speaker 1>and you can form boldest masses as long as ten

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<v Speaker 1>to thirteen feet long. So in the second we're gonna

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<v Speaker 1>we're gonna get into the idea of what happens when

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<v Speaker 1>you put slimold in a maze. But but imagine you

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<v Speaker 1>have a slime mold working its way down a corridor

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<v Speaker 1>and what happens when it encounters another slime mold coming

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<v Speaker 1>down the corridor from the opposite direction. You probably want

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<v Speaker 1>to do they do they fight each other? Do they

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<v Speaker 1>is there a war of slime mold that takes place here? Well,

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<v Speaker 1>if food is scarce is what's interesting is they do

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<v Speaker 1>essentially team up into it like a single communicating mass. Yeah,

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<v Speaker 1>it's really cool. Um. This is from a New York

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<v Speaker 1>Times article, Can answers to evolution be found in slime mold? Yeah?

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<v Speaker 1>The organisms do respond to starvation by rushing together by

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<v Speaker 1>the thousands into a single blob. And the blob stretches

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<v Speaker 1>out into a slug shaped mass about one millimeter long,

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<v Speaker 1>which is about one inch, and then it begins to

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<v Speaker 1>crawl along like a worm toward light. Wow, like like

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<v Speaker 1>a caravan of line. Really yep yep. And then once

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<v Speaker 1>it reaches the surface surface of the soil, the slug,

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<v Speaker 1>this the slug configuration undergoes another transformation. Some of the

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<v Speaker 1>cells turn into a stiff stock, while the others crawl

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<v Speaker 1>to the top inform a sticky ball of spores and

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<v Speaker 1>they stick to the foot of an animal and travel

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<v Speaker 1>to a hospitable place. So inside the slug. And this

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<v Speaker 1>again is according to the article, about one percent of

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<v Speaker 1>the miba's turn into police. This is really cool. They

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<v Speaker 1>crawl through the slug in search of infectious bacteria and

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<v Speaker 1>then they vanquish it. Really, they find this pathogen and

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<v Speaker 1>they devour it. And then these sentinels drop away from

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<v Speaker 1>this slug configuration of slime mold, taking the pathogen with it,

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<v Speaker 1>and then they die of the infection, while the slug

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<v Speaker 1>itself remains healthy, the colony of it remains healthy. So um,

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<v Speaker 1>this is so amazing to me. This is all going

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<v Speaker 1>on at this microscopic level. This these acts of altruism. Really. Yeah,

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<v Speaker 1>all right, we're gonna take a quick break and when

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<v Speaker 1>we come back, we will enter the maze with the

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<v Speaker 1>slime mold and discuss exactly how it finds its way out.

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<v Speaker 1>All right, we're back. So the maze. We we did

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<v Speaker 1>a whole episode on mazes, and we discussed what they

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<v Speaker 1>are and what they symbolize for us humans. Essentially, you're

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<v Speaker 1>talking about uh binding, confusing pathway corridors that end in

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<v Speaker 1>dead ends while other corridors take you ever closer to freedom.

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<v Speaker 1>So we often use these in science experiments. Put a

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<v Speaker 1>mouse inside of a maze. See what happens when it

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<v Speaker 1>gets stressed out? See if it can find its way out?

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<v Speaker 1>What happens when you put a slime mold into a

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<v Speaker 1>maze is really fascinating because now, for one thing, you

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<v Speaker 1>do have to sort of um. You have to create

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<v Speaker 1>a situation where the slime old quote unquote wants out,

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<v Speaker 1>the slime mold wants to find its way to food.

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<v Speaker 1>So that becomes the the idea here um for a

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<v Speaker 1>dead end. To be a true dead end, it needs

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<v Speaker 1>to not have something that the slime old can eat

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<v Speaker 1>at the end of it, whereas they dad end with

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<v Speaker 1>food at the end of it is essentially kind of

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<v Speaker 1>an exit. So they found that if you put a

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<v Speaker 1>Researchers have found it that if you put a slime

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<v Speaker 1>mold inside of this maze, it will start off by

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<v Speaker 1>mapping its environment out. It will send out these uh,

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<v Speaker 1>these tendrils, and they will follow every course in the

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<v Speaker 1>maze to its end. And if they find a true

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<v Speaker 1>dead end where everything just ends and there's no food there,

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<v Speaker 1>then it will retract, but it will leave a trail

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<v Speaker 1>of slime that kind of works as an external memory

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<v Speaker 1>of where it has been, and that is a that

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<v Speaker 1>is a hallway that it need not go down again

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<v Speaker 1>because there's no food down there, and then it will

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<v Speaker 1>concentrate its efforts on the pathways that do lead to food. Yeah,

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<v Speaker 1>it's really cool. As you say, it's like this externalized

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<v Speaker 1>spatial memory and um. And again no brain. Creature does

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<v Speaker 1>not have a brain, and it is not intelligent in

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<v Speaker 1>the larger sense of the word. But it is is

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<v Speaker 1>using a certain amount of matt making intelligence. It's using

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<v Speaker 1>that chemical scent to figure out where it's been and

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<v Speaker 1>then not expend the effort on searches that won't pay off. Right,

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<v Speaker 1>So it's saying, I've been down that hallway, there's no

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<v Speaker 1>no reason I need to redouble my efforts on this.

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<v Speaker 1>Another cool thing is that the five serum slime mold

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<v Speaker 1>sends these tendrils of protoplasum out search for food. And

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<v Speaker 1>it's but but it's not just hey, wholesale everybody find food.

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<v Speaker 1>What they do is they say, okay, this one over

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<v Speaker 1>here to the left has found some food. These guys

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<v Speaker 1>over here on the right have not. All right, everybody

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<v Speaker 1>reconfigure and now let's bolsh for our efforts to that

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<v Speaker 1>food to the left. So they reorganize themselves to then

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<v Speaker 1>sort of go in and effectively cover that food spectrum

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<v Speaker 1>that they did find, which is amazing. So not only

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<v Speaker 1>are they making sure that they're not going into areas

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<v Speaker 1>they've already been, but when they do find food, they're

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<v Speaker 1>able to to sort of say, all right, troops, here

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<v Speaker 1>we go, We're now going to some trade on this.

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<v Speaker 1>All right. All of this is really amazing when you

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<v Speaker 1>look at it in the context of engineering problems that

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<v Speaker 1>we humans try to solve every single day. Yeah, particularly

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<v Speaker 1>um it's it's interesting when you take the slime mold

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<v Speaker 1>and you put it over a major city, and then

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<v Speaker 1>you distribute the food in a way that resembles uh,

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<v Speaker 1>major population points, major points of interest, places that you

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<v Speaker 1>need to say, a public transportation system to reach. So

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<v Speaker 1>if it were a map of Atlanta, for instance, you

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<v Speaker 1>would have like central Atlanta, Midtown, you'd have the Bucket

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<v Speaker 1>area where we are, and and various other important places.

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<v Speaker 1>Um well, several of those in both places are probably

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<v Speaker 1>not gonna reach by public transportation down here as far

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<v Speaker 1>as the train goes. But that's a whole another story.

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<v Speaker 1>But you put the slime mold in there and you

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<v Speaker 1>let it figure out the best ways to get to

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<v Speaker 1>its food sources, and researchers have found that the paths

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<v Speaker 1>that the slime mold creates are comparable to the major

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<v Speaker 1>public transportation system in those cities. You know, we've seen

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<v Speaker 1>this again and again. It's not just Okay, there's just

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<v Speaker 1>one set of researchers doing this. But I think the

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<v Speaker 1>standout in this is the Tokyo railway system. Um, it's

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<v Speaker 1>a two excuse me. In two thousand and ten, mathematical

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<v Speaker 1>biologists toshi Yuki naga Aki and his colleagues observed how

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<v Speaker 1>this networking behavior could translate into efficient city planning. So

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<v Speaker 1>they drew a map of Japan. They put oat flakes

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<v Speaker 1>on the map to represent cities, and then they let

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<v Speaker 1>the five serum loose on the area that represented Tokyo, Okay.

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<v Speaker 1>So key to this is that they're obviously going to

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<v Speaker 1>be obstacles in city planning, like waterways that you can't

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<v Speaker 1>you have to make sure that you didn't try to

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<v Speaker 1>transverse long standing buildings and areas that you're just not

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<v Speaker 1>going to bulldoze to build your right. So what they

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<v Speaker 1>did is they took bright lights in these areas and

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<v Speaker 1>which slim olds will avoid they do not like, and

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<v Speaker 1>so those represented those areas that they knew that you

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<v Speaker 1>couldn't do any sort of public transportation around. And then

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<v Speaker 1>what bloomed in front of the researcher with the FI

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<v Speaker 1>serum network that produced interconnections just that were strikingly similar

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<v Speaker 1>to the layout of the Tokyo railway system and um

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<v Speaker 1>in the ways that they differed from the actual Tokyo

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<v Speaker 1>railway system. It turns out that their methods of reaching

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<v Speaker 1>uh net networked UM places was much more effective that

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<v Speaker 1>than what was already in place. So what we're saying

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<v Speaker 1>here is that slime molds are solving engineering problems. I mean,

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<v Speaker 1>this is amazing. This is stuff that we spend a

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<v Speaker 1>lot of time on. This is these are computer programs,

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<v Speaker 1>are modeling that's going on, and you just let a

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<v Speaker 1>sly old loose and they can help. It'll equal or

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<v Speaker 1>exceed human production on those of those same trade routes

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<v Speaker 1>are same public transportation routes. Because another one that I

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<v Speaker 1>ran across what was they were actually able to get

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<v Speaker 1>up of the serum to um to reproduce the silk

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<v Speaker 1>road in various other global trading routes. Put it on

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<v Speaker 1>a map of the Earth and you'll see, oh, it's well,

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<v Speaker 1>there's a silk road right there. It's thinking along the

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<v Speaker 1>same lines as uh as as as humans did when

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<v Speaker 1>they were trying figure out how to get from a

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<v Speaker 1>point A to point B in the most effective manner possible, right,

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<v Speaker 1>And when they took that globe to they configured it

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<v Speaker 1>so that again there were certain places that that mold

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<v Speaker 1>couldn't try to transfer because of the configuration of the

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<v Speaker 1>continents and the continents of that time. And so they

0:12:24.840 --> 0:12:27.880
<v Speaker 1>tried to reproduce that and that is amazing that the

0:12:27.920 --> 0:12:31.400
<v Speaker 1>silk road came up. That popped up. Another example I

0:12:31.400 --> 0:12:34.760
<v Speaker 1>think it's really cool is this is by Andrew Adamatzki,

0:12:34.920 --> 0:12:37.320
<v Speaker 1>and he's a researcher at the University of West England.

0:12:37.880 --> 0:12:40.040
<v Speaker 1>He wanted to figure out what would happen in the

0:12:40.120 --> 0:12:43.560
<v Speaker 1>nuclear disaster. In other words, if a reactor melted down,

0:12:43.800 --> 0:12:46.079
<v Speaker 1>what would be the best course of action for citizens

0:12:46.080 --> 0:12:50.680
<v Speaker 1>to flee from it. So he took those ice eilier

0:12:50.960 --> 0:12:54.320
<v Speaker 1>modes that um that are used for highway like patterns,

0:12:55.120 --> 0:12:58.840
<v Speaker 1>and they grew a slime mold network of highways for Canada.

0:12:59.280 --> 0:13:02.520
<v Speaker 1>And then they placed a crystal of salt which repels

0:13:02.679 --> 0:13:05.840
<v Speaker 1>slime molds on the map where the Bruce nuclear power

0:13:05.880 --> 0:13:08.920
<v Speaker 1>plants located in Canada. And then what they found is

0:13:08.960 --> 0:13:11.160
<v Speaker 1>that the slime mold abandoned its tendrils near the salt

0:13:11.200 --> 0:13:13.959
<v Speaker 1>and then grew a new highway pattern that efficiently re

0:13:14.200 --> 0:13:18.679
<v Speaker 1>routed food across Canada and also showed different paths that

0:13:18.720 --> 0:13:22.280
<v Speaker 1>you could leave obviously this area. So it sheds some

0:13:22.360 --> 0:13:26.040
<v Speaker 1>sort of light on what can happen in disaster situations. Yeah,

0:13:26.080 --> 0:13:29.599
<v Speaker 1>that's it's just amazing to think about slime mold is

0:13:29.960 --> 0:13:33.520
<v Speaker 1>that is, being capable of doing this um and again

0:13:33.559 --> 0:13:37.200
<v Speaker 1>it ultimately makes us rethink what intelligence is, um is

0:13:37.200 --> 0:13:42.800
<v Speaker 1>as we we look at possible models for extraterrestrial life. Yeah.

0:13:42.840 --> 0:13:45.959
<v Speaker 1>Adam Rogers, he's a senior editor at Wired. He has

0:13:46.000 --> 0:13:48.199
<v Speaker 1>a really interesting riff on this, so if you want

0:13:48.240 --> 0:13:50.680
<v Speaker 1>to see his video, check that out on Wired dot com.

0:13:51.360 --> 0:13:55.920
<v Speaker 1>I believe the column is observation Deck Intelligent slime Molds

0:13:56.000 --> 0:13:58.960
<v Speaker 1>and the applications here with slime molds, I mean, aside

0:13:58.960 --> 0:14:03.240
<v Speaker 1>from possible shooting scenarios that were in addition to UH

0:14:03.240 --> 0:14:06.600
<v Speaker 1>their biophysicist in Germany and Singapore who think that the

0:14:06.679 --> 0:14:10.200
<v Speaker 1>mathematical models that they were agam based on sly mold

0:14:10.559 --> 0:14:14.520
<v Speaker 1>behavior might lead to new ways to starve tumors of

0:14:14.559 --> 0:14:18.280
<v Speaker 1>blood and essentially to a fight cancer, Yeah, which is

0:14:18.320 --> 0:14:21.000
<v Speaker 1>because what they found is that again there's this mathematical

0:14:21.120 --> 0:14:25.040
<v Speaker 1>similarity in the ways that a tumor tries to gain

0:14:25.120 --> 0:14:28.360
<v Speaker 1>nutrients from the body and the way that slim mold grows.

0:14:29.040 --> 0:14:34.280
<v Speaker 1>So taking those those two um examples, they can actually

0:14:34.360 --> 0:14:36.200
<v Speaker 1>try to figure out ways that they could try to

0:14:36.200 --> 0:14:38.280
<v Speaker 1>starve that tumor. As you say, yeah, I mean it

0:14:38.320 --> 0:14:41.520
<v Speaker 1>all comes down I think to the idea you think about, Okay,

0:14:41.560 --> 0:14:43.800
<v Speaker 1>what is what is mathematics? What is our what is

0:14:43.800 --> 0:14:46.920
<v Speaker 1>our spatial understanding? What is what is the the ability

0:14:46.960 --> 0:14:49.120
<v Speaker 1>to create a map on a piece of paper as

0:14:49.160 --> 0:14:51.560
<v Speaker 1>a as an intelligent human like, it all comes down

0:14:51.600 --> 0:14:55.480
<v Speaker 1>to our ability to navigate the physical world. Um, it's

0:14:55.520 --> 0:14:59.520
<v Speaker 1>just kind of a an ability that has grown, uh

0:15:00.040 --> 0:15:03.000
<v Speaker 1>for more robust with the passage of time, with our

0:15:03.000 --> 0:15:05.680
<v Speaker 1>evolution and then with our the building of our culture.

0:15:06.080 --> 0:15:09.680
<v Speaker 1>But at it's at the very like base level, something

0:15:09.720 --> 0:15:12.560
<v Speaker 1>even without a brain, has to be able to do

0:15:12.640 --> 0:15:14.760
<v Speaker 1>this to some level. And the and the slime mold

0:15:15.240 --> 0:15:18.240
<v Speaker 1>does a fantastic job. So if you ever find yourself

0:15:18.400 --> 0:15:23.040
<v Speaker 1>lost wandering about, think about, yeah, I think about the

0:15:23.080 --> 0:15:28.320
<v Speaker 1>serum polysphal um, and take take heart in saying that

0:15:28.360 --> 0:15:32.800
<v Speaker 1>this uh, this organism that goes back a billion years

0:15:33.360 --> 0:15:36.920
<v Speaker 1>can find a way and so too can you. All Right, well,

0:15:36.920 --> 0:15:38.880
<v Speaker 1>there's slime Mold for you, and that finishes out our

0:15:38.880 --> 0:15:40.840
<v Speaker 1>three episodes on slime. If you missed it any of

0:15:40.840 --> 0:15:43.000
<v Speaker 1>the other two, do check them out. There's a lot

0:15:43.040 --> 0:15:45.840
<v Speaker 1>of cool data in there, and it really really made

0:15:45.840 --> 0:15:49.280
<v Speaker 1>me rethink what slime is. And really, as I mentioned before,

0:15:49.320 --> 0:15:53.480
<v Speaker 1>a long time fan of slime loved slimy monsters, slimy

0:15:53.520 --> 0:15:56.920
<v Speaker 1>things even as I hated slugs, and uh, and there's

0:15:56.960 --> 0:16:00.160
<v Speaker 1>just so much more there, uh, not only understanding how

0:16:00.240 --> 0:16:02.720
<v Speaker 1>slime works, but but slugs as well. I mean, they're

0:16:02.920 --> 0:16:06.280
<v Speaker 1>I think, to slug like monsters that have appeared in

0:16:06.400 --> 0:16:10.680
<v Speaker 1>various uh forms of fiction and even once where they

0:16:10.720 --> 0:16:13.600
<v Speaker 1>do a pretty good job of making the creature monstrous, like,

0:16:13.640 --> 0:16:16.400
<v Speaker 1>they really don't dive into all of the just weird

0:16:16.440 --> 0:16:20.880
<v Speaker 1>and fascinating biology of a slug. So just putting that

0:16:20.880 --> 0:16:23.480
<v Speaker 1>out there, are there any potential filmmakers and fiction weavers

0:16:23.800 --> 0:16:26.080
<v Speaker 1>in the audience, Well, let's call the robot over and

0:16:26.080 --> 0:16:29.680
<v Speaker 1>do one quick listener mail this when it comes to

0:16:29.720 --> 0:16:32.440
<v Speaker 1>us from Catherine and she has a book recommendation for us,

0:16:32.480 --> 0:16:34.720
<v Speaker 1>She says, Robert and Julie, your most recent podcast made

0:16:34.720 --> 0:16:36.280
<v Speaker 1>me think of one of my favorite books by my

0:16:36.320 --> 0:16:39.120
<v Speaker 1>favorite author. For a great book about pretending to be

0:16:39.200 --> 0:16:42.480
<v Speaker 1>someone you're not, I recommend Mother Night by Kurt Vonnegut.

0:16:42.520 --> 0:16:44.640
<v Speaker 1>The main character is an American playwright who has spent

0:16:44.720 --> 0:16:46.960
<v Speaker 1>most of his life in Germany. As an adult, during

0:16:47.000 --> 0:16:49.120
<v Speaker 1>World War Two, he was recruited by the US government

0:16:49.120 --> 0:16:51.800
<v Speaker 1>to help transmit messages to the Allies. He does this

0:16:51.920 --> 0:16:55.600
<v Speaker 1>via code inserted into his Nazi propaganda radio show. He

0:16:55.680 --> 0:16:57.400
<v Speaker 1>is so good at pretending to be a Nazi that

0:16:57.440 --> 0:16:59.720
<v Speaker 1>he has respected as a leader within the Nazi Party.

0:17:00.040 --> 0:17:01.800
<v Speaker 1>He also managed to get on the list of wanted

0:17:01.800 --> 0:17:04.800
<v Speaker 1>war criminals. The problem is that he entered this knowing

0:17:04.840 --> 0:17:07.240
<v Speaker 1>that the U s would never recognize his work, nor

0:17:07.320 --> 0:17:09.760
<v Speaker 1>would they come to his defense. So really, the only

0:17:09.760 --> 0:17:12.480
<v Speaker 1>people invested in keeping him alive or the nazis a

0:17:12.520 --> 0:17:14.840
<v Speaker 1>group he does not truly want to be a part of.

0:17:15.160 --> 0:17:18.400
<v Speaker 1>There's a movie made of the book starring Nicknolty. Read

0:17:18.440 --> 0:17:21.280
<v Speaker 1>the book. Thanks as always for the entertainment and education.

0:17:21.520 --> 0:17:24.000
<v Speaker 1>I hate the term entertainment. Yeah, I don't think we

0:17:24.080 --> 0:17:27.520
<v Speaker 1>really use entertainment either. But let's got a bit of

0:17:27.520 --> 0:17:30.200
<v Speaker 1>a musty ring to it. Yeah, but we hit the idea.

0:17:30.280 --> 0:17:33.760
<v Speaker 1>But we're we're glad that we're providing some interesting tidbits

0:17:33.800 --> 0:17:36.600
<v Speaker 1>for you guys. That's an awesome book recommendation, something I

0:17:36.640 --> 0:17:39.000
<v Speaker 1>definitely want to follow up on. Yeah, I've I've only

0:17:39.000 --> 0:17:41.520
<v Speaker 1>read a couple of Vonnegut stories of read Slaughterhouse Five

0:17:41.680 --> 0:17:46.400
<v Speaker 1>and The Sirens of Titan. Good stuff, especially Slaughterhouse Five,

0:17:46.480 --> 0:17:49.159
<v Speaker 1>one of my all time favorites. So hey, if you

0:17:49.160 --> 0:17:50.600
<v Speaker 1>want to reach out to us, you want to share

0:17:50.640 --> 0:17:52.360
<v Speaker 1>some stuff with us, you want to see what we're

0:17:52.440 --> 0:17:55.040
<v Speaker 1>up to, what we're blogging about, what links we're looking at,

0:17:55.080 --> 0:17:58.520
<v Speaker 1>maybe get an idea of what future episodes will consist of.

0:17:59.000 --> 0:18:01.560
<v Speaker 1>Then you can find us on Facebook, you can find

0:18:01.600 --> 0:18:03.480
<v Speaker 1>us on tumbler. We are stuff to blow your mind

0:18:03.480 --> 0:18:05.240
<v Speaker 1>on both of those, and you can also find us

0:18:05.280 --> 0:18:07.879
<v Speaker 1>on Twitter, where our handle is blow the Mind. And

0:18:08.080 --> 0:18:10.520
<v Speaker 1>you can also drop us a line at blow the

0:18:10.560 --> 0:18:19.159
<v Speaker 1>Mind at Discovery dot com for more on this and

0:18:19.240 --> 0:18:21.800
<v Speaker 1>thousands of other topics. Is it how Stuff Works dot

0:18:21.800 --> 0:18:27.040
<v Speaker 1>com