1 00:00:00,040 --> 00:00:03,000 Speaker 1: Hey everyone. Technically you're getting two days in History today 2 00:00:03,120 --> 00:00:05,680 Speaker 1: because we were running two episodes from the History Vault. 3 00:00:05,840 --> 00:00:08,879 Speaker 1: You'll also here two hosts, me and Tracy V. Wilson. 4 00:00:09,200 --> 00:00:13,119 Speaker 1: Hope you enjoy Welcome to This Day in History Class 5 00:00:13,160 --> 00:00:15,600 Speaker 1: from how Stuff Works dot Com and from the desk 6 00:00:15,640 --> 00:00:17,799 Speaker 1: of Stuff you Missed in History Class. It's the show 7 00:00:17,800 --> 00:00:20,119 Speaker 1: where we explore the past one day at a time 8 00:00:20,200 --> 00:00:27,160 Speaker 1: with a quick look at what happened today in history. Hello, 9 00:00:27,200 --> 00:00:29,800 Speaker 1: and welcome to the podcast. I'm Tracy V. Wilson and 10 00:00:29,840 --> 00:00:33,839 Speaker 1: its septem The Boeing seven seven debut on this day 11 00:00:33,840 --> 00:00:37,000 Speaker 1: in and it was huge at the time. It was 12 00:00:37,040 --> 00:00:40,920 Speaker 1: the world's largest jet. It was so big that Boeing 13 00:00:40,960 --> 00:00:43,760 Speaker 1: had to build a new factory in Everett, Washington just 14 00:00:43,800 --> 00:00:46,080 Speaker 1: to be able to build the thing. It was so 15 00:00:46,120 --> 00:00:49,400 Speaker 1: big that airports had to redesign their terminals to accommodate 16 00:00:49,440 --> 00:00:53,160 Speaker 1: the planes themselves and their passengers. The seven seven could 17 00:00:53,200 --> 00:00:55,880 Speaker 1: carry more than twice as many passengers as the Boeing 18 00:00:55,920 --> 00:00:58,880 Speaker 1: seven oh seven, and that made the per passenger price 19 00:00:58,920 --> 00:01:02,280 Speaker 1: tag for the airline about half as much as on 20 00:01:02,480 --> 00:01:06,040 Speaker 1: other aircraft, at least if the flight was completely full. 21 00:01:06,360 --> 00:01:09,040 Speaker 1: But it also meant that the airports needed more passenger 22 00:01:09,120 --> 00:01:13,319 Speaker 1: accommodations to go along with it. All those things that 23 00:01:13,400 --> 00:01:17,319 Speaker 1: support the coming and going of aircraft, from refueling tankers 24 00:01:17,319 --> 00:01:20,360 Speaker 1: to catering trucks had to be updated too, and the 25 00:01:20,400 --> 00:01:23,640 Speaker 1: pilots had to learn how to fly this gigantic aircraft. 26 00:01:23,920 --> 00:01:26,600 Speaker 1: The training program involved a model of the cockpit that 27 00:01:26,680 --> 00:01:29,080 Speaker 1: was on stilts on a truck that moved around so 28 00:01:29,120 --> 00:01:32,080 Speaker 1: that pilots could simulate what it was like to be 29 00:01:32,240 --> 00:01:36,200 Speaker 1: so far off the ground during takeoff and landing and taxiing. 30 00:01:36,680 --> 00:01:40,800 Speaker 1: It took a team of fifty thousand people sixteen months 31 00:01:40,840 --> 00:01:44,279 Speaker 1: to design and build the seven forty seven. The first 32 00:01:44,360 --> 00:01:47,559 Speaker 1: flight took place on February nine of nineteen sixty nine, 33 00:01:47,600 --> 00:01:51,200 Speaker 1: and the first commercial passenger flight was on January of 34 00:01:51,320 --> 00:01:54,200 Speaker 1: nineteen seventy. This was a pan Am flight from New 35 00:01:54,280 --> 00:01:57,840 Speaker 1: York to London. The first hijacking of a seven forty 36 00:01:57,880 --> 00:02:01,280 Speaker 1: seven was that same year, on augu third of nineteen 37 00:02:01,320 --> 00:02:04,080 Speaker 1: seventy on a flight from New York City to San Juan, 38 00:02:04,560 --> 00:02:07,000 Speaker 1: when a passenger pulled out a gun and said he 39 00:02:07,040 --> 00:02:10,440 Speaker 1: wanted to go to Cuba. The plane did go to Cuba. 40 00:02:10,560 --> 00:02:13,280 Speaker 1: It was met there by Fidel Castro. When it landed, 41 00:02:13,840 --> 00:02:18,200 Speaker 1: the three sixty passengers and nineteen crew aboard were unharmed, 42 00:02:18,240 --> 00:02:21,000 Speaker 1: although they did arrive in San Juan after it was 43 00:02:21,040 --> 00:02:25,200 Speaker 1: all over, about seven hours behind schedule. There are still 44 00:02:25,400 --> 00:02:28,120 Speaker 1: a lot of seven forty seven's in use around the world, 45 00:02:28,160 --> 00:02:30,520 Speaker 1: although the last flight of a seven forty seven by 46 00:02:30,520 --> 00:02:35,280 Speaker 1: a United States carrier was on January. A lot, but 47 00:02:35,400 --> 00:02:38,440 Speaker 1: not all, of the seven forty seven still making flights 48 00:02:38,560 --> 00:02:42,399 Speaker 1: are used for cargo rather than for passengers. Modified seven 49 00:02:42,480 --> 00:02:46,160 Speaker 1: forty sevens have also served as the US presidential aircraft 50 00:02:46,280 --> 00:02:49,440 Speaker 1: known as Air Force one, and as the shuttle carrier 51 00:02:49,480 --> 00:02:53,240 Speaker 1: aircraft during the Space Shuttle program. The seven forty seven 52 00:02:53,320 --> 00:02:56,520 Speaker 1: was originally designed to work as a cargo plane because 53 00:02:56,560 --> 00:02:59,440 Speaker 1: Boeing really thought that passenger aircraft were going to go 54 00:02:59,520 --> 00:03:03,519 Speaker 1: the way of supersonic flight. They thought that they needed 55 00:03:03,560 --> 00:03:07,240 Speaker 1: to future proof their sub sonic aircraft, so they needed 56 00:03:07,280 --> 00:03:09,000 Speaker 1: to make the seven forty seven to be able to 57 00:03:09,080 --> 00:03:11,959 Speaker 1: load and unload huge amounts of cargo as a matter 58 00:03:12,000 --> 00:03:16,080 Speaker 1: of future proofing. This focus on cargo loading is also 59 00:03:16,080 --> 00:03:18,480 Speaker 1: why the seven forty seven has a humped design. At 60 00:03:18,520 --> 00:03:21,280 Speaker 1: the top, the cockpit is up above the main deck 61 00:03:21,800 --> 00:03:25,360 Speaker 1: with a space behind the cockpit that was originally a 62 00:03:25,400 --> 00:03:29,640 Speaker 1: passenger lounge, but during the fuel crisis of the nineteen seventies, 63 00:03:29,639 --> 00:03:33,240 Speaker 1: on most flights it was converted to additional passenger seating. 64 00:03:33,840 --> 00:03:37,680 Speaker 1: This arrangement of the flight deck up above the main 65 00:03:37,760 --> 00:03:39,720 Speaker 1: deck with the space behind it was so that the 66 00:03:39,760 --> 00:03:42,840 Speaker 1: nose of the plane could be on a hinge to 67 00:03:43,200 --> 00:03:46,200 Speaker 1: be opened up for cargo loading. Some of the seven 68 00:03:46,240 --> 00:03:48,800 Speaker 1: forty seven is no longer in service, have been scrapped, 69 00:03:49,120 --> 00:03:52,560 Speaker 1: hundreds are in airplane graveyards, and about fifty have been 70 00:03:52,600 --> 00:03:56,360 Speaker 1: written off after crashes or some kind of other irreparable damage. 71 00:03:56,880 --> 00:04:00,720 Speaker 1: The first one ever assembled still exists there. It's at 72 00:04:00,720 --> 00:04:03,720 Speaker 1: the Museum of Flight in Seattle, where it underwent a 73 00:04:03,840 --> 00:04:08,640 Speaker 1: two year restoration process that ended in It had been 74 00:04:08,680 --> 00:04:11,400 Speaker 1: sitting out there at the museum for quite some time 75 00:04:11,480 --> 00:04:13,680 Speaker 1: and was in need of a lot of both cosmetic 76 00:04:13,720 --> 00:04:16,880 Speaker 1: and structural refurbishing. Thanks to Eves Jeff Cope for her 77 00:04:16,920 --> 00:04:19,760 Speaker 1: research work on today's episode, into Tari Harrison for all 78 00:04:19,800 --> 00:04:22,800 Speaker 1: of her audio work on this podcast. You can subscribe 79 00:04:22,800 --> 00:04:26,080 Speaker 1: to This Day in History Class on Apple podcasts, Google podcasts, 80 00:04:26,120 --> 00:04:28,920 Speaker 1: and wherever else you get your podcasts, you can tune 81 00:04:28,960 --> 00:04:40,120 Speaker 1: in tomorrow for the establishment of a nation. Welcome to 82 00:04:40,200 --> 00:04:42,840 Speaker 1: this Day in History class, where we bring you a 83 00:04:42,880 --> 00:04:55,560 Speaker 1: new tipbit from history every day. The day was September 84 00:04:56,240 --> 00:05:00,279 Speaker 1: twelve oh seven. Persian poet and scholar to law up 85 00:05:00,360 --> 00:05:04,039 Speaker 1: Dean Rumi, better known simply as Rumi, was born in 86 00:05:04,080 --> 00:05:08,919 Speaker 1: the Persian Empire. Some sources say his birthplace was Bach 87 00:05:09,200 --> 00:05:12,440 Speaker 1: in present day Afghanistan, and others say it was a 88 00:05:12,480 --> 00:05:17,200 Speaker 1: small town in modern day to Jakistan, Hageographical sources have 89 00:05:17,320 --> 00:05:21,720 Speaker 1: claimed that Rumi's father, Baja al de Willad, was descended 90 00:05:21,720 --> 00:05:25,640 Speaker 1: from the caliph Abu Bakar, but those claims have been rejected. 91 00:05:26,720 --> 00:05:31,000 Speaker 1: Rumi's father was a religious scholar, itinerant preacher, and Sufi teacher. 92 00:05:31,800 --> 00:05:35,880 Speaker 1: A Sufi is a Muslim mystic. The early thirteenth century 93 00:05:35,960 --> 00:05:38,160 Speaker 1: was a time of great conflict in that part of 94 00:05:38,200 --> 00:05:41,800 Speaker 1: the world. The Crusades were happening and the Mongols were 95 00:05:41,839 --> 00:05:45,640 Speaker 1: also a threat. When Rumi was young, his family moved 96 00:05:45,680 --> 00:05:49,520 Speaker 1: to sam Marcand, possibly because of the Mongols or political 97 00:05:49,520 --> 00:05:54,279 Speaker 1: instability where they lived. They soon moved farther west into 98 00:05:54,320 --> 00:05:58,839 Speaker 1: Anatolia or present day Turkey. When he was a teenager, 99 00:05:58,880 --> 00:06:02,719 Speaker 1: he married Galha Cartoon, with whom he had two children. 100 00:06:03,920 --> 00:06:06,480 Speaker 1: By twelve twenty nine, the Sultan of the Salt Jukes 101 00:06:06,600 --> 00:06:10,279 Speaker 1: had invited Rumi's father to teach theology in Konya, the 102 00:06:10,360 --> 00:06:14,000 Speaker 1: capital of the Sultanate of Room. The Salt Jukes were 103 00:06:14,040 --> 00:06:17,200 Speaker 1: a branch of the Okhu's Turks and a dynasty that 104 00:06:17,320 --> 00:06:20,400 Speaker 1: ruled parts of Central Asia and the Middle East from 105 00:06:20,440 --> 00:06:24,479 Speaker 1: the eleventh to fourteenth centuries. They established the Salt Duke 106 00:06:24,560 --> 00:06:28,240 Speaker 1: Empire and the Sultanate of Room. But a couple of 107 00:06:28,360 --> 00:06:31,679 Speaker 1: years after the family moved to Konya, Rumi's father died. 108 00:06:32,880 --> 00:06:36,480 Speaker 1: Around twelve forty one. When his father's protege, borhar Ald 109 00:06:36,680 --> 00:06:42,080 Speaker 1: Mahakek died to Rumi took over as teacher. He assumed 110 00:06:42,160 --> 00:06:45,480 Speaker 1: leadership of the disciples, and he became an Islamic jurist. 111 00:06:45,960 --> 00:06:50,000 Speaker 1: An Islamic jurist or faki is a theologian with expertise 112 00:06:50,040 --> 00:06:54,520 Speaker 1: in Islamic jurisprudence and law. Roumi soon became friends with 113 00:06:54,600 --> 00:06:58,600 Speaker 1: religious scholar in mystic champs Aldin Tabrisi, who arrived in 114 00:06:58,720 --> 00:07:04,520 Speaker 1: Konya in twelve forty four. Sham's believed in unpretentious spirituality. 115 00:07:04,839 --> 00:07:07,559 Speaker 1: It was under the influence of Shams that Roomy turned 116 00:07:07,600 --> 00:07:12,360 Speaker 1: away from teaching and toward the path of ecstatic Roomy 117 00:07:12,400 --> 00:07:15,880 Speaker 1: began writing poetry, but a few years after the two met, 118 00:07:16,040 --> 00:07:21,200 Speaker 1: Shams disappeared. According to legend, Shams left because Roomy's students 119 00:07:21,200 --> 00:07:24,960 Speaker 1: were jealous of Shams and resentful of Roomy's new passion, 120 00:07:25,560 --> 00:07:29,240 Speaker 1: or they may have even had Shams killed. Whatever the 121 00:07:29,280 --> 00:07:32,920 Speaker 1: reason for shams Is disappearance, Roomy expressed his feelings of 122 00:07:33,000 --> 00:07:37,800 Speaker 1: loss and despair in his poetry and dance. Roomy transformed 123 00:07:37,800 --> 00:07:41,400 Speaker 1: into someone devoted to mystical writing and worship. Much of 124 00:07:41,400 --> 00:07:43,920 Speaker 1: his work at this time was expressed through the voice 125 00:07:43,960 --> 00:07:46,880 Speaker 1: of Shams, but it did not take long for him 126 00:07:46,880 --> 00:07:49,960 Speaker 1: to find his own voice and begin writing his most 127 00:07:50,080 --> 00:07:54,480 Speaker 1: memorable works, like mass Navvy or Spiritual Verses, a sixth 128 00:07:54,640 --> 00:07:59,240 Speaker 1: volume poem containing fables, tales, and reflections that illustrate the 129 00:07:59,240 --> 00:08:02,680 Speaker 1: Sufi doctor in He was inspired to write the work 130 00:08:02,720 --> 00:08:05,280 Speaker 1: by another mystic he was close to, who saw him 131 00:08:05,280 --> 00:08:09,480 Speaker 1: al Jane Chilebi throughout the last several years of his life. 132 00:08:09,760 --> 00:08:13,360 Speaker 1: Roomy dictated the poem to Hassam, who wrote it in Persian. 133 00:08:14,520 --> 00:08:17,640 Speaker 1: The poem is widely read in the Muslim world. People 134 00:08:17,720 --> 00:08:20,760 Speaker 1: have compared it to the Koran and recognized its religious 135 00:08:20,800 --> 00:08:25,360 Speaker 1: and literary significance. Rumi also wrote the Works of Shams 136 00:08:25,360 --> 00:08:30,600 Speaker 1: to Breeze, a collection of mystical poems. Generally, Rumi's poetry 137 00:08:30,640 --> 00:08:34,120 Speaker 1: focuses on the idea that God is absolute, ecstatic love, 138 00:08:34,760 --> 00:08:39,040 Speaker 1: and he questioned orthodoxy. Many of the poems were composed 139 00:08:39,040 --> 00:08:43,119 Speaker 1: to be sung at Sufi gathering. After his poems were translated, 140 00:08:43,200 --> 00:08:46,040 Speaker 1: people in the West associated him with a tolerant Islamic 141 00:08:46,080 --> 00:08:50,320 Speaker 1: spirituality and related to his focus on a direct connection 142 00:08:50,440 --> 00:08:54,640 Speaker 1: with God. As far as his prose goes, his sermons, 143 00:08:54,760 --> 00:08:59,040 Speaker 1: letters and lectures have been recorded. Rumi died in Konya 144 00:08:59,160 --> 00:09:02,960 Speaker 1: in twelve seventy three. His followers founded the med Levy Order, 145 00:09:03,080 --> 00:09:07,000 Speaker 1: a Sufi order, years after his death. The order is 146 00:09:07,040 --> 00:09:10,840 Speaker 1: also known as the Whirling Dervishes because they practiced whirling 147 00:09:10,880 --> 00:09:13,920 Speaker 1: as a form of thicker or devotion as a means 148 00:09:14,000 --> 00:09:18,840 Speaker 1: of attaining ecstatic experience. I'm Eve Jeff Code, and hopefully 149 00:09:18,880 --> 00:09:21,200 Speaker 1: you know a little more about history today than you 150 00:09:21,240 --> 00:09:25,280 Speaker 1: did yesterday. If you feel like correcting my pronunciation or 151 00:09:25,400 --> 00:09:27,760 Speaker 1: my accent on anything, that I've said in the show. 152 00:09:28,200 --> 00:09:32,160 Speaker 1: Feel free to leave a very kind comment on Twitter, Instagram, 153 00:09:32,280 --> 00:09:38,040 Speaker 1: or Facebook. At t C I HC podcast, we'll see 154 00:09:38,040 --> 00:09:47,280 Speaker 1: you tomorrow. For more podcasts for my Heart Radio, vis 155 00:09:47,320 --> 00:09:49,840 Speaker 1: the I Heart Radio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you 156 00:09:49,880 --> 00:09:51,000 Speaker 1: listen to your favorite shows.