1 00:00:01,120 --> 00:00:04,320 Speaker 1: Welcome to you Stuff you should know from house Stuff 2 00:00:04,320 --> 00:00:12,840 Speaker 1: Works dot com. Hey, and welcome to the podcast. I'm 3 00:00:12,920 --> 00:00:16,959 Speaker 1: Josh Clark. There's Charles W. Chuck Bryant, There's Jerry AND's 4 00:00:17,000 --> 00:00:22,079 Speaker 1: the stuff you should know. Just a few geezas, what not? 5 00:00:22,440 --> 00:00:29,200 Speaker 1: Galizas very good? That was terrible, is what it was. 6 00:00:29,680 --> 00:00:31,760 Speaker 1: I read an article the other day on my people 7 00:00:31,760 --> 00:00:34,519 Speaker 1: find puns so offensive. It's very interesting. Oh yeah, I 8 00:00:34,600 --> 00:00:38,120 Speaker 1: know it is. Yeah, I'm sending my way, will you sure? Thanks, 9 00:00:38,440 --> 00:00:44,919 Speaker 1: You're welcome. Chuck. Yes, have you ever heard of an 10 00:00:44,960 --> 00:00:50,200 Speaker 1: exo planet? Yes? You have. Well that's all I got. 11 00:00:50,400 --> 00:00:54,000 Speaker 1: I'm down. I'm done with Kepler. Kepler is pretty awesome, 12 00:00:54,040 --> 00:00:56,520 Speaker 1: isn't it. Kepler is way awesome. Let's talk about Kepler. 13 00:00:56,560 --> 00:01:00,440 Speaker 1: What is it? Well, Kepler is a guess what you 14 00:01:00,440 --> 00:01:04,920 Speaker 1: call it? A program? Sure, the Kepler Project program. It's 15 00:01:04,920 --> 00:01:08,360 Speaker 1: a mission. Yes, it's all the mission. And since two 16 00:01:08,400 --> 00:01:13,240 Speaker 1: thousand nine they have Their task has been to survey 17 00:01:13,920 --> 00:01:17,440 Speaker 1: the sky in fact, um, well a small patch of 18 00:01:17,440 --> 00:01:21,320 Speaker 1: sky right now. And it's an outer space telescope. Yeah. Sure, 19 00:01:21,480 --> 00:01:23,840 Speaker 1: it's spine on people in the city park. No, no no, 20 00:01:24,160 --> 00:01:26,760 Speaker 1: they shot it out in a space. It's dressed in 21 00:01:26,840 --> 00:01:31,600 Speaker 1: like a silver um jumpsuit, so you can tell it's 22 00:01:31,600 --> 00:01:34,280 Speaker 1: a space telescope and not just like a regular one. 23 00:01:34,959 --> 00:01:38,720 Speaker 1: And uh yeah, it has a little twelve degree um 24 00:01:38,840 --> 00:01:42,000 Speaker 1: field of vision, and what it's doing is just looking 25 00:01:42,280 --> 00:01:47,400 Speaker 1: out into the cosmos in the Milky Way. Still. Yeah, 26 00:01:47,400 --> 00:01:53,000 Speaker 1: specifically near the constellations Sickness and Lira. For now. For now, 27 00:01:53,640 --> 00:01:56,200 Speaker 1: you gotta start somewhere, right, you only have twelve degrees. 28 00:01:56,640 --> 00:02:00,000 Speaker 1: You know, it's not the big ear. It's like a journey. 29 00:02:00,040 --> 00:02:04,080 Speaker 1: You have a thousand miles starts through the singles that. Uh. Basically, 30 00:02:04,080 --> 00:02:08,840 Speaker 1: what they're trying to do is see I think the 31 00:02:08,919 --> 00:02:12,040 Speaker 1: ultimate goal it's just to see what's out there. But 32 00:02:12,120 --> 00:02:15,720 Speaker 1: what they really secretly get giddy about and titter about 33 00:02:16,160 --> 00:02:20,280 Speaker 1: um late at night is finding exoplanets that are like 34 00:02:20,400 --> 00:02:22,600 Speaker 1: our own Earth. I know. I think the whole thing 35 00:02:22,680 --> 00:02:25,440 Speaker 1: was a straight up planet hunting mission. Well yeah, but 36 00:02:25,600 --> 00:02:27,160 Speaker 1: like I said, they're not just like we want to 37 00:02:27,160 --> 00:02:28,799 Speaker 1: find another Earth. They they're like, we want to see 38 00:02:28,800 --> 00:02:31,080 Speaker 1: what's out there because we don't know what's out there. Yes, 39 00:02:31,240 --> 00:02:33,640 Speaker 1: and they get really excited when it's not a big 40 00:02:33,880 --> 00:02:37,720 Speaker 1: giant ball of gas. So the Kepler mission actually the 41 00:02:37,760 --> 00:02:41,720 Speaker 1: first Kepler mission ended this past May because the Kepler 42 00:02:41,760 --> 00:02:44,880 Speaker 1: telescope I think ran out of battery power or something 43 00:02:44,919 --> 00:02:48,480 Speaker 1: like that to turn itself. But they started there. They're 44 00:02:48,560 --> 00:02:52,000 Speaker 1: ramping up the K two mission, which is actually this 45 00:02:52,040 --> 00:02:54,239 Speaker 1: is so amazing to me. I love this stuff. It's 46 00:02:54,320 --> 00:02:58,960 Speaker 1: they're going to use photons light from the Sun to 47 00:02:59,120 --> 00:03:02,800 Speaker 1: move it. Pretty amazing. And the photons are going to 48 00:03:02,840 --> 00:03:05,679 Speaker 1: move this thing called solar power to direct it and 49 00:03:05,720 --> 00:03:09,720 Speaker 1: look in different directions. It is very much so amazing. Um. 50 00:03:10,040 --> 00:03:13,919 Speaker 1: So the whole point is is defined planets. But really, 51 00:03:13,919 --> 00:03:17,359 Speaker 1: like you say, what they're looking for our planets that 52 00:03:17,400 --> 00:03:22,520 Speaker 1: fall within what's called the Goldilocks zone or the habitable zone. 53 00:03:22,800 --> 00:03:25,799 Speaker 1: And there's a couple a couple of different types of zones. Yeah, 54 00:03:25,880 --> 00:03:28,040 Speaker 1: if we're talking the Goldilocks zone, what we mean is 55 00:03:28,080 --> 00:03:32,440 Speaker 1: a planet that, um where there is water that doesn't 56 00:03:32,560 --> 00:03:38,200 Speaker 1: evaporate immediately or freeze. Well, yeah, that's one way to 57 00:03:38,240 --> 00:03:42,400 Speaker 1: put it. You know, flowing water would be great, so 58 00:03:43,000 --> 00:03:48,680 Speaker 1: CEO two that'd be awesome. So the whole Earth earthlike planets, right, 59 00:03:48,800 --> 00:03:50,960 Speaker 1: earthlike is what it what it comes down to, able 60 00:03:51,040 --> 00:03:54,080 Speaker 1: to sustain life, right, and the the whole thing. I've 61 00:03:54,080 --> 00:03:58,240 Speaker 1: read this really interesting article, Chuck, and it was I 62 00:03:58,240 --> 00:04:01,760 Speaker 1: think it was an aon magazine like it is one 63 00:04:01,760 --> 00:04:05,720 Speaker 1: of the greatest online magazines ever created, so interesting, everything 64 00:04:05,800 --> 00:04:08,960 Speaker 1: is so well written. It's just great. A on magazine, 65 00:04:09,400 --> 00:04:15,680 Speaker 1: aon magazine anyway. Um, the the person writing this article said, 66 00:04:17,279 --> 00:04:22,480 Speaker 1: what if our conception of life is really limited? And 67 00:04:22,520 --> 00:04:25,600 Speaker 1: when we think of life, we think of like um 68 00:04:25,839 --> 00:04:32,840 Speaker 1: genetic genetic molecules capable of self replicating, right, like us, 69 00:04:32,880 --> 00:04:36,200 Speaker 1: like life, like anything that that can make new copies 70 00:04:36,240 --> 00:04:41,159 Speaker 1: of itself, cellular reproduction. Right. So, um, what if there's 71 00:04:41,760 --> 00:04:44,720 Speaker 1: life has evolved in many, many other ways, not just 72 00:04:44,880 --> 00:04:46,799 Speaker 1: out an outter of space, but here on this planet, 73 00:04:46,800 --> 00:04:48,840 Speaker 1: Like we could be surrounded by life and not even 74 00:04:48,880 --> 00:04:52,080 Speaker 1: be aware of it because we're not thinking of it 75 00:04:52,120 --> 00:04:56,600 Speaker 1: that way. We're strictly looking for evidence of um DNA 76 00:04:56,720 --> 00:05:00,520 Speaker 1: based life. If life evolved in other ways and it's 77 00:05:00,560 --> 00:05:02,720 Speaker 1: we're surrounded by it, that's pretty neat. That's one of 78 00:05:02,720 --> 00:05:05,040 Speaker 1: those late night college conversations, if you know what I mean. 79 00:05:06,600 --> 00:05:11,719 Speaker 1: But with Kepler too, it's looking for planets that could 80 00:05:11,800 --> 00:05:15,479 Speaker 1: sustain a certain brand of life, which is the life 81 00:05:15,480 --> 00:05:17,800 Speaker 1: that we know and the whole thing is predicated on 82 00:05:17,839 --> 00:05:21,760 Speaker 1: the idea that you need water and liquid form to 83 00:05:22,279 --> 00:05:26,880 Speaker 1: be the foundation, the the sustaining foundation of life. And 84 00:05:26,920 --> 00:05:30,120 Speaker 1: so that's what that's what this habitable zone is. It's 85 00:05:30,120 --> 00:05:33,080 Speaker 1: a planet that is far enough away from the Sun 86 00:05:33,760 --> 00:05:38,719 Speaker 1: that it can um. It's it's surface water is not 87 00:05:38,760 --> 00:05:42,320 Speaker 1: going to boil away and turn it into um and 88 00:05:42,440 --> 00:05:47,279 Speaker 1: just just go into the atmosphere far away from its star. Right, 89 00:05:47,360 --> 00:05:51,400 Speaker 1: not necessarily the Sun. Right, it's star is what I mean. 90 00:05:51,839 --> 00:05:55,800 Speaker 1: It's version of our Sun, yes, yes, oh, and but 91 00:05:55,839 --> 00:05:58,600 Speaker 1: it's not so far away that it's not getting enough 92 00:05:58,640 --> 00:06:01,520 Speaker 1: heat so that it just frees. So it's within this 93 00:06:01,880 --> 00:06:05,920 Speaker 1: what's called the circumstellar habitable habitable zone. It's or it's 94 00:06:05,920 --> 00:06:08,679 Speaker 1: in this little distance like we are in our sun. 95 00:06:08,920 --> 00:06:13,680 Speaker 1: Our stars habitable zone are its circumstellar habitable zone, right, 96 00:06:13,920 --> 00:06:17,400 Speaker 1: And so it's looking for planets that um are surrounding 97 00:06:17,520 --> 00:06:21,479 Speaker 1: stars in that little band that's not so close that 98 00:06:21,560 --> 00:06:24,120 Speaker 1: it's too hot and not so far away that it's 99 00:06:24,120 --> 00:06:27,120 Speaker 1: too cold. It's just right. I love it. That's called 100 00:06:27,120 --> 00:06:31,160 Speaker 1: the Goldilocks zone. Yeah, that's the name for it. Um. 101 00:06:31,200 --> 00:06:35,760 Speaker 1: So there are they have the Kepler mission has returned 102 00:06:36,480 --> 00:06:40,680 Speaker 1: UM a lot of startling information like thousands, perhaps tens 103 00:06:40,680 --> 00:06:45,200 Speaker 1: of thousands or hundreds of thousands of planets maybe out there. Um, 104 00:06:45,360 --> 00:06:47,920 Speaker 1: in fact, probably are out there. I think it's forty 105 00:06:47,960 --> 00:06:53,080 Speaker 1: billion in the the Milky Way alone, is what estimates 106 00:06:53,080 --> 00:06:56,760 Speaker 1: are unbelievable in the Milky Way alone. Forty billion Earth 107 00:06:56,920 --> 00:07:03,279 Speaker 1: sized planets, not just all plants. Forty potentially Earth sized 108 00:07:03,320 --> 00:07:05,760 Speaker 1: planets in the Milky Way alone. Yeah. So, like I 109 00:07:05,800 --> 00:07:09,479 Speaker 1: was saying, UM, giant balls of gas are fun gas 110 00:07:09,520 --> 00:07:14,480 Speaker 1: giants like Saturn and Jupiter, they're needo torpedo. But UM, 111 00:07:14,520 --> 00:07:17,640 Speaker 1: as far as science really getting um getting their rocks off, 112 00:07:18,600 --> 00:07:21,960 Speaker 1: these Earth size planets are the ones that that that's 113 00:07:22,000 --> 00:07:24,880 Speaker 1: where the money is, you know, right, And when I 114 00:07:24,880 --> 00:07:26,920 Speaker 1: say money, I don't mean cash money, although if we 115 00:07:26,960 --> 00:07:29,360 Speaker 1: colonize them, I guess it could be cash money. But 116 00:07:29,520 --> 00:07:33,120 Speaker 1: the smaller planets, what they call terrestrial planets earthlike planets, 117 00:07:33,800 --> 00:07:36,720 Speaker 1: UM are terrestrial planets would be a great band name, 118 00:07:36,760 --> 00:07:40,040 Speaker 1: by the way, because they are They have heavy metal 119 00:07:40,080 --> 00:07:47,320 Speaker 1: cores and rocky mantle, and they have smaller orbits, shorter years, 120 00:07:47,360 --> 00:07:50,000 Speaker 1: they're close to the host star. All these things that 121 00:07:50,040 --> 00:07:53,560 Speaker 1: are Earth like, which could mean potentially you know something there, 122 00:07:54,000 --> 00:07:59,440 Speaker 1: so okay, so something living. You've got the circumstellar habitable zone, 123 00:07:59,440 --> 00:08:02,120 Speaker 1: which is not too close to the Sun or not 124 00:08:02,160 --> 00:08:03,880 Speaker 1: too close to the star, not too far away from 125 00:08:03,920 --> 00:08:08,200 Speaker 1: the star. But there's also um a larger habitable zone 126 00:08:08,560 --> 00:08:11,720 Speaker 1: that that kind of if you have that one, great, 127 00:08:12,040 --> 00:08:15,320 Speaker 1: But there's some other qualifications that a planet has to 128 00:08:15,400 --> 00:08:21,080 Speaker 1: hit to be considered habitable, and these are galactic habitable zones, right, 129 00:08:22,200 --> 00:08:24,520 Speaker 1: So part of that is that it has to have 130 00:08:24,680 --> 00:08:27,640 Speaker 1: a heavy metal core, like you say, it's got to 131 00:08:27,680 --> 00:08:31,400 Speaker 1: be terrestrial. It also has to um it can't be 132 00:08:31,440 --> 00:08:35,439 Speaker 1: tidally locked. Right. There's we found actually some planets out 133 00:08:35,440 --> 00:08:39,240 Speaker 1: there that fit the bill, except they are tidally locked 134 00:08:39,240 --> 00:08:42,520 Speaker 1: with their star, which means only one side and the 135 00:08:42,559 --> 00:08:46,240 Speaker 1: same side is always facing the sun, which means that 136 00:08:46,240 --> 00:08:49,480 Speaker 1: that is a very very hot body of water right 137 00:08:49,520 --> 00:08:52,120 Speaker 1: there that's facing the sun. And then on the back side, 138 00:08:52,160 --> 00:08:55,320 Speaker 1: the dark side, it's just completely frozen and since it's 139 00:08:55,320 --> 00:09:01,360 Speaker 1: not turning, the atmosphere is not being um kept around, 140 00:09:01,400 --> 00:09:04,760 Speaker 1: the planet is able to like migrate to like say 141 00:09:04,800 --> 00:09:07,200 Speaker 1: the dark side of the planet and just freeze there. 142 00:09:07,960 --> 00:09:10,079 Speaker 1: That's a great example of how you can have all 143 00:09:10,080 --> 00:09:13,400 Speaker 1: these other things. That planet might be in the habitable 144 00:09:13,480 --> 00:09:16,960 Speaker 1: zone for its star, but it falls out of the 145 00:09:17,000 --> 00:09:20,439 Speaker 1: category of a truly habitable planet because it's missing some 146 00:09:20,520 --> 00:09:23,920 Speaker 1: other factors, for example not being tidally locked. So that 147 00:09:23,920 --> 00:09:28,080 Speaker 1: would be the case with Gliza fight one G. So yes, okay, 148 00:09:28,080 --> 00:09:30,680 Speaker 1: So that is was discovered in two thousand ten, and 149 00:09:30,679 --> 00:09:33,040 Speaker 1: there's been a lot of back and forth between a 150 00:09:33,040 --> 00:09:36,400 Speaker 1: lot of different countries and scientists saying is it really there? 151 00:09:36,600 --> 00:09:39,480 Speaker 1: Is it not there? I think where it lands now is? 152 00:09:39,520 --> 00:09:43,439 Speaker 1: They are pretty sure it's there. Um. But with Glees 153 00:09:44,240 --> 00:09:50,120 Speaker 1: eight one g um, it faces uh the star at 154 00:09:50,120 --> 00:09:53,400 Speaker 1: all times, one side of it does, so it's tightly locked, 155 00:09:53,440 --> 00:09:56,800 Speaker 1: tightly locked. Um. Although it does orbit once every thirty 156 00:09:56,840 --> 00:09:59,960 Speaker 1: seven days, it keeps that face. So basically what they think, 157 00:10:00,000 --> 00:10:02,520 Speaker 1: because if there could be life there, you have what 158 00:10:02,559 --> 00:10:05,880 Speaker 1: they would call an eyeball Earth with a one part 159 00:10:06,000 --> 00:10:09,560 Speaker 1: of this planet having being liquid water right and the 160 00:10:09,600 --> 00:10:11,720 Speaker 1: rest of frozen, so like an eyeball in the middle 161 00:10:13,240 --> 00:10:16,400 Speaker 1: kind of neat. I think what keeps Glees of eight 162 00:10:16,520 --> 00:10:19,240 Speaker 1: one g in the news is the fact that it's 163 00:10:19,280 --> 00:10:23,240 Speaker 1: only twenty point five light years away. Um. And we'll 164 00:10:23,240 --> 00:10:25,240 Speaker 1: talk about some more of these, but a lot of 165 00:10:25,280 --> 00:10:28,120 Speaker 1: them are like over a thousand light years away. So 166 00:10:28,200 --> 00:10:30,000 Speaker 1: let's take a break real quick and we'll get back 167 00:10:30,040 --> 00:10:50,400 Speaker 1: to exoplanets right after this. So check you you touched 168 00:10:50,440 --> 00:10:52,520 Speaker 1: on something I think is very important before we go 169 00:10:52,559 --> 00:10:56,440 Speaker 1: any further there. People say, well, yeah it exists, or no, 170 00:10:56,559 --> 00:10:58,200 Speaker 1: it doesn't exist. And there's a lot of back and 171 00:10:58,240 --> 00:11:01,440 Speaker 1: forth in the scientific community. And the reason is, is 172 00:11:02,080 --> 00:11:06,160 Speaker 1: the as as high powered and awesome as the Kepler 173 00:11:06,200 --> 00:11:11,360 Speaker 1: telescope is it really is. It doesn't look at a 174 00:11:11,440 --> 00:11:13,520 Speaker 1: star and say, oh, look at that planet. That's a 175 00:11:13,559 --> 00:11:16,600 Speaker 1: fine looking planet right there. It looks like, oh yeah, 176 00:11:16,640 --> 00:11:20,280 Speaker 1: I can see water on there and wall like a 177 00:11:20,320 --> 00:11:24,120 Speaker 1: giant pterodactyl like a monkey head. Yes it is. No, 178 00:11:24,280 --> 00:11:29,400 Speaker 1: it can't see these kind of things, right. So there's 179 00:11:29,520 --> 00:11:34,959 Speaker 1: different techniques that are used for hunting planets exoplanets, um, 180 00:11:35,000 --> 00:11:39,920 Speaker 1: that use deduction in a lot of ways in concert 181 00:11:39,960 --> 00:11:44,880 Speaker 1: with these telescopes right to surmise the existence of planets. 182 00:11:44,880 --> 00:11:51,280 Speaker 1: So um, there's three main techniques that even these telescopes 183 00:11:51,440 --> 00:11:55,559 Speaker 1: us Like the Kepler telescope is it uses a photometer 184 00:11:56,240 --> 00:11:59,920 Speaker 1: which senses light, right, and it'll look at a star, 185 00:12:00,000 --> 00:12:02,760 Speaker 1: are and it'll just keep looking at the star, looking 186 00:12:02,800 --> 00:12:05,360 Speaker 1: at the star. It's got a really good Uh, something 187 00:12:05,400 --> 00:12:07,439 Speaker 1: weird just happened at the star got dim and then 188 00:12:07,440 --> 00:12:11,160 Speaker 1: it went back to normal light. And what just happened 189 00:12:11,200 --> 00:12:15,920 Speaker 1: was probably a planet orbited in between the telescope and 190 00:12:16,000 --> 00:12:19,560 Speaker 1: the star, which dim the light of the star. That's right. 191 00:12:19,600 --> 00:12:22,120 Speaker 1: They called that a transit and that technique is called 192 00:12:22,120 --> 00:12:24,960 Speaker 1: the transit method. And so they, like you said, they 193 00:12:25,000 --> 00:12:27,960 Speaker 1: use that photometer and um, if they see that dim 194 00:12:28,040 --> 00:12:30,360 Speaker 1: that's a lead in the right direction. Yeah, and now 195 00:12:30,400 --> 00:12:34,520 Speaker 1: it doesn't prove anything, no, so that that that planet 196 00:12:35,360 --> 00:12:38,199 Speaker 1: becomes a candidate planet. So they go back and they 197 00:12:38,200 --> 00:12:41,439 Speaker 1: look at it. And if they say, use a different technique, 198 00:12:41,920 --> 00:12:44,600 Speaker 1: or if they um, if they come up with the 199 00:12:44,640 --> 00:12:48,040 Speaker 1: same data using that same technique again and again, then 200 00:12:48,160 --> 00:12:52,600 Speaker 1: most likely that planet does exist and it becomes a right, 201 00:12:53,240 --> 00:12:55,920 Speaker 1: it becomes a confirmed planet. So it goes from a 202 00:12:55,960 --> 00:12:58,840 Speaker 1: candidate planet to a confirmed planet. Um. And there's a 203 00:12:58,880 --> 00:13:01,600 Speaker 1: lot of criticism in this side actific community because when 204 00:13:01,600 --> 00:13:04,840 Speaker 1: a candidate planet is found, it is far from being 205 00:13:04,880 --> 00:13:09,600 Speaker 1: proven as existing. But um, it's very frequently rushed out 206 00:13:09,640 --> 00:13:12,160 Speaker 1: to the media, which treats it like a new planet's 207 00:13:12,160 --> 00:13:15,360 Speaker 1: been discovered and we know all about it, when we 208 00:13:15,440 --> 00:13:18,559 Speaker 1: really don't even know for a fact it exists, And 209 00:13:18,760 --> 00:13:23,720 Speaker 1: very infrequently the science behind having to deduce its existence 210 00:13:24,360 --> 00:13:28,280 Speaker 1: is explained in in the in the articles that are 211 00:13:28,280 --> 00:13:33,080 Speaker 1: written about them. So it just gets rushed to press 212 00:13:33,200 --> 00:13:35,800 Speaker 1: a little too premisuarly to keep that public interest up, 213 00:13:35,800 --> 00:13:39,360 Speaker 1: you know. Yeah, but it wouldn't hurt to also educate 214 00:13:39,400 --> 00:13:42,600 Speaker 1: the public at the same time. So a lot of 215 00:13:42,600 --> 00:13:44,440 Speaker 1: people say, oh, well that we just discovered a new 216 00:13:44,440 --> 00:13:47,160 Speaker 1: planet where it's still a candidate planet and it doesn't 217 00:13:47,440 --> 00:13:50,520 Speaker 1: we don't necessarily know it exists. It's a good point, um. 218 00:13:50,640 --> 00:13:54,040 Speaker 1: So that the transit method is is the one where 219 00:13:54,040 --> 00:13:58,120 Speaker 1: the light pulses, the star pulses, well, it dims because 220 00:13:58,120 --> 00:14:01,160 Speaker 1: the planet comes in between the telescope and the yeah star. 221 00:14:01,600 --> 00:14:03,600 Speaker 1: Then you have the wobble method, which is pretty neat 222 00:14:03,640 --> 00:14:07,280 Speaker 1: in itself. Um. It looks for changes in relative velocity 223 00:14:07,720 --> 00:14:12,200 Speaker 1: caused by the gravitational pull of another nearby planet. So 224 00:14:12,360 --> 00:14:14,880 Speaker 1: basically what happens is they use the spectrum of light 225 00:14:14,920 --> 00:14:18,720 Speaker 1: for this one and they analyze that spectrum around this 226 00:14:19,040 --> 00:14:22,200 Speaker 1: uh what they think could be a planet. It planet 227 00:14:22,240 --> 00:14:27,920 Speaker 1: it planet it can planet it so, thank you. So 228 00:14:27,960 --> 00:14:30,400 Speaker 1: what happens is if it is being pulled by another planet, 229 00:14:30,400 --> 00:14:33,000 Speaker 1: when it surges towards Earth and then away, it causes 230 00:14:33,080 --> 00:14:37,120 Speaker 1: variations in that light spectrum. So when it comes towards Earth, um, 231 00:14:37,200 --> 00:14:39,560 Speaker 1: it shortens a wavelength and you see a blue spectrum 232 00:14:39,600 --> 00:14:42,720 Speaker 1: more um. When it goes away from Earth, it lengthens 233 00:14:42,760 --> 00:14:45,440 Speaker 1: and you see red more So it's almost like a 234 00:14:45,520 --> 00:14:50,280 Speaker 1: color pulse. Uh. And that is the Wobble method. So 235 00:14:50,400 --> 00:14:55,520 Speaker 1: that's number two. And that's the Doppler effect. Uh is it? Yeah, 236 00:14:55,640 --> 00:14:59,320 Speaker 1: but with light instead of sound. But the Compler effect 237 00:14:59,400 --> 00:15:02,320 Speaker 1: is only sound. No, it's any kind of wavelength. Oh 238 00:15:02,360 --> 00:15:04,840 Speaker 1: I thought the Doppler effect was strictly sound. No, it's 239 00:15:04,880 --> 00:15:09,120 Speaker 1: it's it's any I'm telling you. It's the thing that 240 00:15:09,200 --> 00:15:15,720 Speaker 1: links bats to earthlike planets, to Doppler to a passing ambulance. Yes, man, 241 00:15:15,720 --> 00:15:19,120 Speaker 1: I'm so psyched about the Doppler effect. Uh. And you 242 00:15:19,160 --> 00:15:20,880 Speaker 1: want to go ahead and hit us up with that 243 00:15:20,960 --> 00:15:24,560 Speaker 1: last one micro lensing that's pretty neat too, yes. So, um, 244 00:15:24,680 --> 00:15:28,680 Speaker 1: when you have a star and another star passes, if 245 00:15:28,680 --> 00:15:31,040 Speaker 1: you're looking at a star with say if um, like 246 00:15:31,080 --> 00:15:34,760 Speaker 1: the the Kepler telescope, which the Kepler telescope strictly uses 247 00:15:34,760 --> 00:15:39,360 Speaker 1: the transit method from what I understands, So you have 248 00:15:39,400 --> 00:15:43,520 Speaker 1: another telescope that that is more open minded. Yeah. UM, 249 00:15:43,560 --> 00:15:46,680 Speaker 1: And you're looking at a star and another star comes 250 00:15:46,720 --> 00:15:50,160 Speaker 1: in between you and the star. You're looking at that 251 00:15:50,360 --> 00:15:53,400 Speaker 1: star that's in the foreground, that's in between you and 252 00:15:53,440 --> 00:15:57,960 Speaker 1: the original star. UM actually takes the light and acts 253 00:15:58,000 --> 00:16:01,480 Speaker 1: as a kind of a magnifying lens and intensifies the 254 00:16:01,560 --> 00:16:04,320 Speaker 1: light of the star behind it thanks to its gravity. 255 00:16:04,400 --> 00:16:08,720 Speaker 1: This is called micro lensing. Right. If a planet falls 256 00:16:08,760 --> 00:16:12,200 Speaker 1: into that that's an orbit around that other star falls 257 00:16:12,360 --> 00:16:16,240 Speaker 1: in line with this, it takes that um that micro 258 00:16:16,360 --> 00:16:20,040 Speaker 1: lensing effect and amplifies it even further. And then you 259 00:16:20,080 --> 00:16:23,960 Speaker 1: can calculate, based on the amplification of the micro lensing effect, 260 00:16:24,520 --> 00:16:27,520 Speaker 1: the mass of all of the stars and this new 261 00:16:27,560 --> 00:16:31,440 Speaker 1: mystery planet that just came into into line with this orbit. UM, 262 00:16:31,560 --> 00:16:35,520 Speaker 1: And they use that mind blowingly enough to deduce the 263 00:16:36,360 --> 00:16:39,960 Speaker 1: presence of planets around stars too. So you've got these 264 00:16:39,960 --> 00:16:44,320 Speaker 1: three methods and all of them though again it's really 265 00:16:44,480 --> 00:16:48,200 Speaker 1: important to remember this, all of these used deduction, Like 266 00:16:48,440 --> 00:16:52,720 Speaker 1: none of these planets have been visually observed. They are 267 00:16:52,840 --> 00:16:58,840 Speaker 1: all deduced to exist based on um, the mathematical evidence 268 00:16:59,560 --> 00:17:02,280 Speaker 1: that there's something going on here, like that this light 269 00:17:02,360 --> 00:17:05,879 Speaker 1: is dimming, this color is changing, or the light is 270 00:17:05,960 --> 00:17:08,800 Speaker 1: being amplified by something, and it all has to do 271 00:17:08,840 --> 00:17:12,080 Speaker 1: with mass and gravity. It's pretty amazing. Yeah, alright, so 272 00:17:12,119 --> 00:17:13,959 Speaker 1: we'll take a little break here and come back and 273 00:17:13,960 --> 00:17:18,040 Speaker 1: talk about some of these exo planets and if there 274 00:17:18,040 --> 00:17:40,000 Speaker 1: are people living there, there aren't so chuck. Remember we 275 00:17:40,040 --> 00:17:42,920 Speaker 1: mentioned the transit method. You can also use these things 276 00:17:42,960 --> 00:17:46,119 Speaker 1: to deduce even more stuff about these planets once you 277 00:17:46,200 --> 00:17:51,920 Speaker 1: confirm they exist. Personality, right, it's signed like kind of things. Um. 278 00:17:51,960 --> 00:17:59,480 Speaker 1: There's something called transit spectroscopy which uses the apparently the 279 00:17:59,560 --> 00:18:03,560 Speaker 1: atmosp fear of a planet leaves a certain kind of 280 00:18:03,680 --> 00:18:08,399 Speaker 1: mark on the light that it messes with in the 281 00:18:08,440 --> 00:18:11,159 Speaker 1: star that you're looking at. So not only are you 282 00:18:11,280 --> 00:18:14,720 Speaker 1: deducing that the planets there, you're deducing by the effect 283 00:18:15,040 --> 00:18:17,639 Speaker 1: that that planet has on the light the type of 284 00:18:17,680 --> 00:18:21,880 Speaker 1: atmosphere it has as well. So pretty amazing, right, So 285 00:18:22,280 --> 00:18:25,680 Speaker 1: once they figure out that yes, the planet is likely there, 286 00:18:25,880 --> 00:18:28,480 Speaker 1: they go back and look at it and the planet 287 00:18:28,480 --> 00:18:31,200 Speaker 1: goes from a candidate to a confirmed planet, and the 288 00:18:31,320 --> 00:18:36,720 Speaker 1: Kepler Um came up with one thousand and thirty confirmed exoplanets, 289 00:18:36,760 --> 00:18:40,359 Speaker 1: twelve of which are in a Goldilocks zone. Right. Um, 290 00:18:40,400 --> 00:18:43,880 Speaker 1: they really start going to town studying this planet and 291 00:18:43,920 --> 00:18:46,280 Speaker 1: figuring out what its atmosphere is like, where it is 292 00:18:46,280 --> 00:18:49,480 Speaker 1: in relation to the star, what the temperature is, and 293 00:18:49,520 --> 00:18:52,720 Speaker 1: they can tell some pretty amazing stuff about an exo 294 00:18:52,760 --> 00:18:57,080 Speaker 1: planet just from all of these deductions. Yeah, Like, uh, 295 00:18:57,119 --> 00:18:58,879 Speaker 1: I guess let's just talk about a couple of these 296 00:18:59,040 --> 00:19:03,600 Speaker 1: UM the the Gliza. Uh I guess it's a group 297 00:19:03,640 --> 00:19:08,359 Speaker 1: because there are several glazes. There's a gliza. So each 298 00:19:08,359 --> 00:19:12,160 Speaker 1: one of these UM exoplanets is named after the star 299 00:19:12,320 --> 00:19:15,840 Speaker 1: that it orbits. Yeah. So so the Glaza Gleaz is 300 00:19:15,880 --> 00:19:20,200 Speaker 1: a star. Yeah, and it has several potential habitable planets 301 00:19:20,240 --> 00:19:23,600 Speaker 1: around it. We already talked a little bit about five 302 00:19:23,680 --> 00:19:26,760 Speaker 1: eight one G, but there's also a five eight one C. 303 00:19:27,400 --> 00:19:30,280 Speaker 1: It is twelve thousand miles in diameter UM, which is 304 00:19:30,320 --> 00:19:34,280 Speaker 1: not too much bigger than Earth um, and makes one 305 00:19:34,320 --> 00:19:39,080 Speaker 1: complete revolution in thirteen Earth days, which means it's too hot, 306 00:19:39,480 --> 00:19:42,719 Speaker 1: but it balances that out because it has a surface 307 00:19:42,720 --> 00:19:48,439 Speaker 1: temperature one uh that of our Sun, which means potentially, 308 00:19:48,640 --> 00:19:52,080 Speaker 1: and again this is all speculation. Potentially the temperature range 309 00:19:52,080 --> 00:19:54,560 Speaker 1: on the surface of five eight one C could be 310 00:19:55,000 --> 00:19:58,720 Speaker 1: thirty two degrees to two degrees fahrenheit, such as in 311 00:19:58,760 --> 00:20:01,919 Speaker 1: the wheelhouse. It isn the wheelhouse. I think further study 312 00:20:02,000 --> 00:20:05,760 Speaker 1: has kind of discarded the idea that um gleeza vibe 313 00:20:05,800 --> 00:20:10,080 Speaker 1: eight one c is habitable. Yeah, it's pretty quick right 314 00:20:10,320 --> 00:20:13,199 Speaker 1: as far as breaking news goes. But you raise a 315 00:20:13,280 --> 00:20:17,439 Speaker 1: really good point that if this thing has a revolution 316 00:20:18,160 --> 00:20:22,560 Speaker 1: a year that's thirteen days long, the there's no part 317 00:20:22,600 --> 00:20:25,080 Speaker 1: of the planet that's going to get cool enough to 318 00:20:25,280 --> 00:20:30,119 Speaker 1: even things out. It's gonna just stay too hot. And conversely, 319 00:20:30,200 --> 00:20:33,960 Speaker 1: if the thing has a year that lasts too long, 320 00:20:34,320 --> 00:20:36,840 Speaker 1: it's gonna it's not gonna get hot enough. It's gonna 321 00:20:36,880 --> 00:20:43,040 Speaker 1: stay cool. So that's another galactic habitable zone factor. Well, 322 00:20:43,160 --> 00:20:45,679 Speaker 1: I love him, man, keep them coming. I know. I 323 00:20:45,760 --> 00:20:48,080 Speaker 1: basically went and looked today. I was like, what are 324 00:20:48,080 --> 00:20:52,040 Speaker 1: the most likely habitable exoplanets? And an article from a 325 00:20:52,119 --> 00:20:55,040 Speaker 1: year ago has a top five that's different from an 326 00:20:55,080 --> 00:20:58,280 Speaker 1: article now, Like that's how quickly things change, right, Well, 327 00:20:58,320 --> 00:21:02,240 Speaker 1: I mean these things were all just basically theoretical, like 328 00:21:02,280 --> 00:21:05,520 Speaker 1: we assumed that, you know, a star would have planets 329 00:21:06,440 --> 00:21:09,080 Speaker 1: orbiting it, but it wasn't until the Coupler mission within 330 00:21:09,119 --> 00:21:10,639 Speaker 1: the last like ten years or so, I think it 331 00:21:10,680 --> 00:21:18,320 Speaker 1: was from the Arecibo telescope was the first confirmed exo 332 00:21:18,320 --> 00:21:22,560 Speaker 1: planet to be detected. And that was but once Kepler 333 00:21:22,720 --> 00:21:26,080 Speaker 1: started going, it's they started to come like hard and fast. 334 00:21:26,720 --> 00:21:29,879 Speaker 1: And once they started and people started rushing to press, 335 00:21:30,520 --> 00:21:32,919 Speaker 1: then the science is having to retract them now and 336 00:21:33,000 --> 00:21:36,160 Speaker 1: things are going from yeah, well, well there's a new 337 00:21:36,160 --> 00:21:38,200 Speaker 1: exit planet that we could just travel to now if 338 00:21:38,200 --> 00:21:42,040 Speaker 1: we wanted to to. This thing actually doesn't exist or 339 00:21:42,160 --> 00:21:46,359 Speaker 1: it's not really habitable. I looked. The most recent one 340 00:21:46,400 --> 00:21:48,840 Speaker 1: I found was from like three months ago and May 341 00:21:48,880 --> 00:21:52,720 Speaker 1: of this year, and they say, I believe this was 342 00:21:52,760 --> 00:21:55,720 Speaker 1: from space dot Com said that Kepler forty eight B 343 00:21:56,640 --> 00:22:00,560 Speaker 1: is the most earthlike planet yet that we've discovered. Um 344 00:22:00,560 --> 00:22:03,040 Speaker 1: it orbits a distant star in the constellation of Lira, 345 00:22:03,200 --> 00:22:08,960 Speaker 1: which is where Kepler is looking. Which eight B. It 346 00:22:08,960 --> 00:22:11,160 Speaker 1: gets really confusing. They need to start naming these things, 347 00:22:11,320 --> 00:22:14,040 Speaker 1: they do, you know, So four thirty eight B is 348 00:22:14,160 --> 00:22:18,240 Speaker 1: a little bit bigger than Earth, uh more heat than 349 00:22:18,359 --> 00:22:22,600 Speaker 1: Earth than what we received from the Sun though. UH. 350 00:22:22,680 --> 00:22:25,800 Speaker 1: It's small though, which means it is UM just because 351 00:22:25,800 --> 00:22:29,200 Speaker 1: it's twelve percent larger means it's seventy has a seventy 352 00:22:29,640 --> 00:22:34,000 Speaker 1: chance of being rocky like Earth. UH. It is four 353 00:22:34,240 --> 00:22:36,320 Speaker 1: d and seventy light years away, which is not too 354 00:22:36,320 --> 00:22:39,240 Speaker 1: bad considering some of these are thousands and thousands of 355 00:22:39,320 --> 00:22:42,360 Speaker 1: light years away. UH completes an orbit around its star 356 00:22:42,480 --> 00:22:44,959 Speaker 1: every thirty five days, which is about ten times as 357 00:22:45,000 --> 00:22:51,320 Speaker 1: fast as Earth. UM. And basically the Harvard Smithsonian Center 358 00:22:51,400 --> 00:22:56,080 Speaker 1: of astro UH for Astrophysics said that UM, they announced 359 00:22:56,119 --> 00:22:59,280 Speaker 1: this one along with seven other planets UM in the 360 00:22:59,359 --> 00:23:03,840 Speaker 1: same habit of ball zone. So decent chance. But UM, 361 00:23:03,880 --> 00:23:06,720 Speaker 1: like I said this this, By the time this comes out, 362 00:23:06,800 --> 00:23:11,680 Speaker 1: this may be old news and debunked. Who knows. UM. 363 00:23:11,840 --> 00:23:14,440 Speaker 1: There's another one that I think they discovered even more recently, 364 00:23:14,480 --> 00:23:18,560 Speaker 1: which is Kepler fifty two B and it's light years 365 00:23:18,600 --> 00:23:22,640 Speaker 1: away UM, and it is an earthlike planet. I think 366 00:23:22,720 --> 00:23:27,480 Speaker 1: it's UM like uh si larger in diameter than the 367 00:23:27,520 --> 00:23:31,879 Speaker 1: Earth UM, but it's still Earth like. It is a 368 00:23:31,880 --> 00:23:35,879 Speaker 1: super Earth, yes, UM. No, that automatically qualifies it as 369 00:23:35,880 --> 00:23:38,960 Speaker 1: a super Earth. So it's it's Earth size, but it's 370 00:23:38,960 --> 00:23:41,280 Speaker 1: not so big that it's like a gas giant. It's 371 00:23:41,359 --> 00:23:45,720 Speaker 1: terrestrial likely um. And it's in the Goldilocks zone for 372 00:23:45,920 --> 00:23:50,960 Speaker 1: its star um, and they're pretty excited about it. Actually. 373 00:23:51,200 --> 00:23:54,680 Speaker 1: I think the it has a mass that's five or 374 00:23:54,760 --> 00:23:59,359 Speaker 1: six times Earth's and so you would be you you 375 00:23:59,359 --> 00:24:02,679 Speaker 1: would feel about double your weight or you would weigh double. 376 00:24:03,280 --> 00:24:06,159 Speaker 1: Well you do here. But they think that if we 377 00:24:06,200 --> 00:24:10,040 Speaker 1: did sink colonists there, their bodies would adapt to be 378 00:24:10,080 --> 00:24:13,440 Speaker 1: like working out all the time. Um, but you would 379 00:24:13,480 --> 00:24:15,960 Speaker 1: become super strong, and if you came back to Earth 380 00:24:16,200 --> 00:24:19,119 Speaker 1: you could just beat everybody up. Interesting because you'd be 381 00:24:19,119 --> 00:24:22,480 Speaker 1: twice as strong. Pretty cool, huh, it'd be great. That's 382 00:24:22,520 --> 00:24:25,040 Speaker 1: the point of space travel is to find ways to 383 00:24:25,200 --> 00:24:28,160 Speaker 1: just walk around and come back and beat everybody up 384 00:24:28,160 --> 00:24:31,120 Speaker 1: on Earth. It's a bully program. That is a good question, though, 385 00:24:31,160 --> 00:24:33,680 Speaker 1: what's the point of all this? If these things are 386 00:24:33,800 --> 00:24:40,159 Speaker 1: light years away? What's what's the point? Um geez, just 387 00:24:40,280 --> 00:24:44,159 Speaker 1: to keep looking beyond? I mean, isn't that exploration the 388 00:24:44,200 --> 00:24:47,760 Speaker 1: whole point? I guess, because it's not like we could 389 00:24:48,000 --> 00:24:50,359 Speaker 1: colonize any of these places, well not now. But I 390 00:24:50,400 --> 00:24:53,400 Speaker 1: think that some people have an eye toward that that 391 00:24:53,640 --> 00:25:00,200 Speaker 1: the if we ever do figure out interstellar travel, um, 392 00:25:00,240 --> 00:25:02,360 Speaker 1: it would be really good to know where we could 393 00:25:02,400 --> 00:25:06,280 Speaker 1: go and take off our helmets and breathe. Yeah, I 394 00:25:06,359 --> 00:25:08,080 Speaker 1: think of it more in the opposite way, like you 395 00:25:08,119 --> 00:25:10,520 Speaker 1: can't stop doing stuff like this. No, I agree with 396 00:25:10,520 --> 00:25:12,320 Speaker 1: because then you've just I don't know, then you're just 397 00:25:12,840 --> 00:25:16,359 Speaker 1: you've given up. You're an isolationist. Yeah, you're adults living 398 00:25:16,400 --> 00:25:20,280 Speaker 1: on Earth and o'tre I'm just gonna die anyway. Well, 399 00:25:20,359 --> 00:25:23,760 Speaker 1: the other thing that they're looking for that that exoplanets 400 00:25:24,280 --> 00:25:26,960 Speaker 1: searches bring into the fold is steady the search for 401 00:25:27,119 --> 00:25:31,719 Speaker 1: estratra extra extraterrestrial intelligence or just the search for life 402 00:25:32,160 --> 00:25:36,760 Speaker 1: um elsewhere. And again, if you're looking at planets that 403 00:25:36,800 --> 00:25:40,719 Speaker 1: can sustain humans, they could conceivably sustain other types of 404 00:25:40,760 --> 00:25:44,639 Speaker 1: life as well. So we're hedging our bets for the future. 405 00:25:45,000 --> 00:25:47,359 Speaker 1: We're also looking to see if we're alone out there 406 00:25:47,480 --> 00:25:49,400 Speaker 1: or not. Imagine there are people out there that thinks 407 00:25:49,440 --> 00:25:51,480 Speaker 1: there's a big waste of time and money though probably 408 00:25:51,600 --> 00:25:58,800 Speaker 1: you know, whatevs. The adults, the isolationists, you got anything 409 00:25:58,800 --> 00:26:01,239 Speaker 1: else right now? Oh? This is uh, this is good. 410 00:26:01,280 --> 00:26:03,159 Speaker 1: Stuff is a little heady and it's such a rapidly 411 00:26:03,240 --> 00:26:05,800 Speaker 1: changing thing. Yeah, we could revisit this easily. Yeah, I 412 00:26:05,800 --> 00:26:10,080 Speaker 1: mean this will be outdated in six months. But tops, Hey, 413 00:26:10,600 --> 00:26:13,560 Speaker 1: we we like to do these topical things every now 414 00:26:13,600 --> 00:26:17,600 Speaker 1: and then. Uh, if you want to know more about 415 00:26:18,000 --> 00:26:20,560 Speaker 1: earth like planets, you can type that into the search 416 00:26:20,640 --> 00:26:23,640 Speaker 1: part how stuff forks dot com. And since I said 417 00:26:23,640 --> 00:26:28,880 Speaker 1: search parts, time for listener mail. I'm gonna call this, 418 00:26:29,320 --> 00:26:35,320 Speaker 1: uh road rage and no not road rage. Citizens arrest. Okay, 419 00:26:35,600 --> 00:26:39,080 Speaker 1: there's kind of a difference, big difference. Guys. Have a 420 00:26:39,119 --> 00:26:41,480 Speaker 1: citizens rest story. Um from two thousand one. I was 421 00:26:41,480 --> 00:26:44,359 Speaker 1: a naive nineteen year old behind the wheel of the 422 00:26:44,359 --> 00:26:47,320 Speaker 1: first car ever bought myself when I was rear ended. Um. 423 00:26:47,359 --> 00:26:48,960 Speaker 1: It was two thousand one, so we didn't have cell 424 00:26:49,000 --> 00:26:51,840 Speaker 1: phones and there was no phone booth nearby, so we 425 00:26:51,840 --> 00:26:54,239 Speaker 1: could not call the highway patrol or police. The other 426 00:26:54,320 --> 00:26:56,760 Speaker 1: driver had insurance, but did not have a valid driver's license, 427 00:26:56,800 --> 00:26:59,119 Speaker 1: only an expired one. Later found out he obtained a 428 00:26:59,160 --> 00:27:02,520 Speaker 1: license during a window time when the Governator of California 429 00:27:02,880 --> 00:27:06,159 Speaker 1: announced him to be issued to undocumented persons who had 430 00:27:06,160 --> 00:27:09,480 Speaker 1: emigrated without completing all their legal steps yet. So basically 431 00:27:09,520 --> 00:27:11,679 Speaker 1: this guy got in a window had it license at 432 00:27:11,680 --> 00:27:14,680 Speaker 1: one point it was expired. I got my crunch car 433 00:27:14,720 --> 00:27:17,440 Speaker 1: home that afternoon and, at the suggestion of my parents, 434 00:27:17,480 --> 00:27:20,160 Speaker 1: called the local cops to file a police report since 435 00:27:20,200 --> 00:27:21,800 Speaker 1: we couldn't do one at the scene in the accident. 436 00:27:22,119 --> 00:27:23,960 Speaker 1: The officer that came out to my home was the 437 00:27:24,000 --> 00:27:28,399 Speaker 1: most militant, sour woman in law enforcement that I have 438 00:27:28,480 --> 00:27:33,440 Speaker 1: ever had the pleasure or displeasure I'm encountering. She impatiently 439 00:27:33,480 --> 00:27:36,520 Speaker 1: asked the questions and took notes, all while sneering at me. 440 00:27:36,800 --> 00:27:38,280 Speaker 1: When I got to the part about the other driver 441 00:27:38,480 --> 00:27:41,760 Speaker 1: having expired license, she literally yelled at me for not 442 00:27:41,840 --> 00:27:45,320 Speaker 1: placing him under citizens arrest. Mind you, this was a 443 00:27:45,320 --> 00:27:48,480 Speaker 1: car full of men. I was a nineteen year old 444 00:27:48,480 --> 00:27:51,560 Speaker 1: girl who weighed a hundred pounds and was four ft ten, 445 00:27:52,000 --> 00:27:54,760 Speaker 1: and she chastised me for not placing an entire car 446 00:27:54,840 --> 00:27:57,800 Speaker 1: full of grown men under citizens arrest for driving on 447 00:27:57,840 --> 00:28:01,760 Speaker 1: an expired license. Uh. She went on about how many 448 00:28:01,840 --> 00:28:05,280 Speaker 1: undocumented persons have criminal records and can be very dangerous, 449 00:28:05,280 --> 00:28:07,120 Speaker 1: and this would have been a good opportunity to get 450 00:28:07,160 --> 00:28:12,160 Speaker 1: them deported. Well, this is an explosive listener mail. Yeah, 451 00:28:12,520 --> 00:28:15,159 Speaker 1: or a car full of potentially dangerous men. Maybe you 452 00:28:15,160 --> 00:28:17,800 Speaker 1: should not try and place under citizens rests would be 453 00:28:17,840 --> 00:28:20,720 Speaker 1: my idea. At this point, my father had enough of 454 00:28:20,760 --> 00:28:23,000 Speaker 1: her shenanigans and asked her to leave. That was the 455 00:28:23,040 --> 00:28:25,240 Speaker 1: end of that, but we still chuckled this day over 456 00:28:25,280 --> 00:28:28,560 Speaker 1: the absurdity of her suggestion. Uh. And she goes on 457 00:28:28,640 --> 00:28:30,760 Speaker 1: to say that the guy in the car and the 458 00:28:30,840 --> 00:28:33,159 Speaker 1: dudes were very nice, and the exchange insurance and it 459 00:28:33,200 --> 00:28:36,520 Speaker 1: wasn't like a bad scene or anything. So, um, it 460 00:28:36,640 --> 00:28:42,200 Speaker 1: just sounds like this officer was not a very nice persons. Like, yeah, 461 00:28:42,240 --> 00:28:45,520 Speaker 1: and every cop that we heard from after citizen arrest 462 00:28:45,520 --> 00:28:50,080 Speaker 1: said don't do it, and this lady saying, now try it. 463 00:28:50,320 --> 00:28:52,720 Speaker 1: A little four ft tin lady shot on a car 464 00:28:52,760 --> 00:28:55,480 Speaker 1: full of men, and um, all of sudden, you want 465 00:28:55,480 --> 00:28:57,160 Speaker 1: to point out that I forgot that one of the 466 00:28:57,200 --> 00:29:01,040 Speaker 1: most legendary Remember I was trying to think of famous 467 00:29:01,040 --> 00:29:06,960 Speaker 1: citizens arrests. The most legendary of all time is, uh, 468 00:29:07,280 --> 00:29:11,000 Speaker 1: the night Stalker. Oh yeah, he got arrested by a 469 00:29:11,040 --> 00:29:14,479 Speaker 1: citizen by citizens Like he was checked the knight Stalker 470 00:29:14,520 --> 00:29:19,240 Speaker 1: did no not him? Richard Richard Ramirez. He was recognized 471 00:29:19,240 --> 00:29:20,880 Speaker 1: out on this because they eventually found out who he 472 00:29:20,920 --> 00:29:23,600 Speaker 1: was and blasted his face out everywhere in this group 473 00:29:23,640 --> 00:29:27,400 Speaker 1: of Hispanic women saw him and started screaming in uh 474 00:29:27,440 --> 00:29:30,640 Speaker 1: in Spanish like night stalker, night stalker. And he was 475 00:29:30,920 --> 00:29:35,080 Speaker 1: gang piled by like fifteen people and cops had to 476 00:29:35,080 --> 00:29:37,680 Speaker 1: pull people off. He was almost beaten to death. So 477 00:29:38,600 --> 00:29:40,959 Speaker 1: I guess you would call that a citizen's arrest. I 478 00:29:40,960 --> 00:29:43,640 Speaker 1: would call that, yes, yeah, like a good one, yeah, 479 00:29:43,840 --> 00:29:46,320 Speaker 1: an effective one. Yeah, well they got a serial killer. 480 00:29:46,360 --> 00:29:49,080 Speaker 1: You always gotta feel good about that citizens arrest. Yeah. 481 00:29:49,080 --> 00:29:50,840 Speaker 1: I fell down the rabbit hole of reading all about 482 00:29:50,840 --> 00:29:54,960 Speaker 1: that guy recently. Yeah. Yeah, man, what a crazy time 483 00:29:54,960 --> 00:29:56,520 Speaker 1: to be living in l A. I bet people were 484 00:29:57,160 --> 00:29:58,880 Speaker 1: because there was no rhyme or reason and it was 485 00:29:58,960 --> 00:30:01,720 Speaker 1: like one night, then two nights later, than three nights later, 486 00:30:01,760 --> 00:30:05,400 Speaker 1: than two nights later, and just crazy, awful, awful things. 487 00:30:05,840 --> 00:30:08,560 Speaker 1: That was like The Zodiac, one of my favorite movies 488 00:30:08,600 --> 00:30:10,880 Speaker 1: of all times. Zodiac. It's a great movie. That was 489 00:30:10,920 --> 00:30:13,960 Speaker 1: a great one. But then you read ramirez is background 490 00:30:14,600 --> 00:30:18,880 Speaker 1: and it's like abusive father, Um, this crazy uncle that 491 00:30:18,920 --> 00:30:23,160 Speaker 1: was in Vietnam that showed him pictures of like decapitated bodies, 492 00:30:23,400 --> 00:30:26,200 Speaker 1: and you know, he was dropped on his head like 493 00:30:26,240 --> 00:30:29,880 Speaker 1: three times, like he had a whole list of things 494 00:30:30,440 --> 00:30:33,560 Speaker 1: that's like how to become a serial killer. And uh 495 00:30:33,760 --> 00:30:37,240 Speaker 1: so it's two times you're fine, that third time you 496 00:30:37,320 --> 00:30:39,720 Speaker 1: get dropped on your head, that's big. And let's not 497 00:30:39,760 --> 00:30:41,600 Speaker 1: say every head trauma leads to that, but they think 498 00:30:41,640 --> 00:30:43,680 Speaker 1: it could have something to do in cases like that. 499 00:30:44,320 --> 00:30:48,040 Speaker 1: It was just it was very sad and fascinating. Yep, 500 00:30:48,680 --> 00:30:53,360 Speaker 1: do you have a particular article you recommend on the dude? Uh? No, Okay, 501 00:30:53,800 --> 00:30:57,080 Speaker 1: well look, come up. Yeah, uh if you want to 502 00:30:57,160 --> 00:31:01,600 Speaker 1: let us know about your personal story of something that 503 00:31:01,680 --> 00:31:03,920 Speaker 1: has to do with what we've talked about in the past, 504 00:31:05,320 --> 00:31:08,400 Speaker 1: how's that for call action? You can tweet to us 505 00:31:08,400 --> 00:31:11,080 Speaker 1: at s y s K podcast. You can join us 506 00:31:11,080 --> 00:31:14,240 Speaker 1: on Facebook dot com, slash stuff you Should Know. 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