1 00:00:01,080 --> 00:00:04,000 Speaker 1: Welcome to Stuff You Missed in History Class from how 2 00:00:04,080 --> 00:00:12,760 Speaker 1: Stuff Works dot com. Hello, and welcome to the podcast. 3 00:00:12,840 --> 00:00:16,360 Speaker 1: I'm Tracy B. Wilson and I'm Holly Fry and it's 4 00:00:16,400 --> 00:00:20,079 Speaker 1: that time of year again. Uh, we're talking about things 5 00:00:20,079 --> 00:00:23,639 Speaker 1: that have been unearthed. Uh. Usually this has sort of 6 00:00:23,680 --> 00:00:27,200 Speaker 1: grown from a kind of one episode thing to two episodes, 7 00:00:27,280 --> 00:00:30,040 Speaker 1: and this year we've had four episodes because we had 8 00:00:30,040 --> 00:00:33,479 Speaker 1: a whole episode on the Franklin Expedition, a whole episode 9 00:00:33,520 --> 00:00:37,160 Speaker 1: on Stonehenge. Now we're going to get into our year 10 00:00:37,200 --> 00:00:40,120 Speaker 1: and roundup of all the stuff that was literally and 11 00:00:40,320 --> 00:00:45,360 Speaker 1: figuratively dug up in and there's been a lot this year. 12 00:00:45,360 --> 00:00:47,680 Speaker 1: So we got to go to two parts. Yep, yep, 13 00:00:47,800 --> 00:00:49,680 Speaker 1: we had I think we had two parts last year, 14 00:00:49,720 --> 00:00:52,720 Speaker 1: but we didn't have additional dedicated episodes. So if you 15 00:00:52,800 --> 00:00:58,560 Speaker 1: love Unearthed season, you're super set this year. Uh. We 16 00:00:58,680 --> 00:01:02,520 Speaker 1: know that you are listening to this in ten at 17 00:01:02,560 --> 00:01:05,520 Speaker 1: the earliest, but as we are recording it is still 18 00:01:06,480 --> 00:01:09,640 Speaker 1: so when we say this year, we mean uh. And 19 00:01:09,680 --> 00:01:12,399 Speaker 1: we also have a couple of caveats. So last year, 20 00:01:12,440 --> 00:01:15,280 Speaker 1: Holly and I came onto the show in March and 21 00:01:15,280 --> 00:01:18,559 Speaker 1: we didn't really start keeping up with unearthed things until 22 00:01:18,680 --> 00:01:21,840 Speaker 1: later in the year. So this year I started a 23 00:01:21,880 --> 00:01:26,080 Speaker 1: pinboard and basically kept up with things that were unearthed 24 00:01:26,760 --> 00:01:31,440 Speaker 1: beginning in January, which means that by the time that 25 00:01:31,520 --> 00:01:34,360 Speaker 1: it became time to record, we had like a hundred 26 00:01:34,400 --> 00:01:37,480 Speaker 1: and six things to talk about. We are not going 27 00:01:37,520 --> 00:01:40,039 Speaker 1: to talk about all hundred and six things, because even 28 00:01:40,040 --> 00:01:43,880 Speaker 1: with two episodes, that's that's too much to talk about. Also, 29 00:01:44,640 --> 00:01:47,920 Speaker 1: in spite of having Google alerts and RSS feeds and 30 00:01:47,920 --> 00:01:49,640 Speaker 1: all of this other stuff, there are some parts of 31 00:01:49,680 --> 00:01:54,840 Speaker 1: the world that are highly underrepresented. Here. For example, I 32 00:01:54,880 --> 00:01:58,640 Speaker 1: went looking specifically about news from Africa that was not 33 00:01:58,800 --> 00:02:02,280 Speaker 1: from Egypt. I had a really hard time. So I 34 00:02:02,280 --> 00:02:04,160 Speaker 1: don't know how much of that is my fault for 35 00:02:04,200 --> 00:02:06,080 Speaker 1: not being a very good searcher, and how much of 36 00:02:06,120 --> 00:02:09,000 Speaker 1: it is like indicative of the media not paying a 37 00:02:09,000 --> 00:02:12,680 Speaker 1: lot of attention to what's happening in Africa. Probably a 38 00:02:12,720 --> 00:02:14,880 Speaker 1: combination of both. So that's on my to do list 39 00:02:15,160 --> 00:02:22,360 Speaker 1: to work on for Unearthed season. So this episode includes uh, 40 00:02:22,560 --> 00:02:29,120 Speaker 1: lots of connections to past episodes, some extreme serendipity, shipwrecks, 41 00:02:29,160 --> 00:02:32,160 Speaker 1: a couple of Holocausts related under things, and lots of 42 00:02:32,200 --> 00:02:35,679 Speaker 1: the oldest things ever discovered. It's a whole lot of fun. 43 00:02:36,400 --> 00:02:40,000 Speaker 1: So starting off, remember all of that hubbub that went 44 00:02:40,000 --> 00:02:43,520 Speaker 1: on about Richard the Third last year still in the news. 45 00:02:43,560 --> 00:02:47,720 Speaker 1: This time it's following DNA analysis. So first things first, 46 00:02:48,040 --> 00:02:52,560 Speaker 1: that is definitely Richard the third uh per the DNA evidence. However, 47 00:02:52,639 --> 00:02:55,320 Speaker 1: the team had a little more trouble with the party 48 00:02:55,280 --> 00:02:58,360 Speaker 1: of the analysis that involved matching his DNA to his 49 00:02:58,440 --> 00:03:02,440 Speaker 1: living relatives. Everything went pretty smoothly on the maternal side, 50 00:03:02,480 --> 00:03:05,760 Speaker 1: but on the paternal side, Richard's DNA does not match 51 00:03:05,840 --> 00:03:09,760 Speaker 1: his purported male descendants. The explanation that most often comes 52 00:03:09,840 --> 00:03:12,880 Speaker 1: up in the original paper is false paternity, and that's 53 00:03:12,880 --> 00:03:15,919 Speaker 1: what quotes around it. In other words, someone was not 54 00:03:16,160 --> 00:03:20,320 Speaker 1: really being the daddy somewhere along the line between Richard 55 00:03:20,320 --> 00:03:23,200 Speaker 1: the Third and his own living male relatives. And this 56 00:03:23,320 --> 00:03:26,440 Speaker 1: of course gets into all manner of speculation about what 57 00:03:26,600 --> 00:03:29,000 Speaker 1: and who and whether it affects the current royal family. 58 00:03:29,600 --> 00:03:31,040 Speaker 1: But we're not going to get into all of that. 59 00:03:31,160 --> 00:03:33,320 Speaker 1: As we've learned the hard way that people are very 60 00:03:33,360 --> 00:03:36,600 Speaker 1: ready to yell at us for consiping about Richard the 61 00:03:36,640 --> 00:03:39,560 Speaker 1: Third and his family line. Yeah, but we got so 62 00:03:39,640 --> 00:03:46,040 Speaker 1: much hate about that and other King kingly news that 63 00:03:46,160 --> 00:03:49,240 Speaker 1: ties back to past episodes of the podcast. A set 64 00:03:49,360 --> 00:03:52,400 Speaker 1: of remains was found there were actually several sets, but 65 00:03:52,560 --> 00:03:55,560 Speaker 1: found in a tomb in Greece in the late nineteen seventies, 66 00:03:56,040 --> 00:03:59,440 Speaker 1: and there has been intense speculation ever since then about 67 00:03:59,480 --> 00:04:04,160 Speaker 1: exactly whose remains these were. But this year researchers announced 68 00:04:04,200 --> 00:04:07,200 Speaker 1: that they had confirmed that they're the remains of King 69 00:04:07,240 --> 00:04:11,520 Speaker 1: Philip the Second, Alexander the Great's father. These bones, as 70 00:04:11,600 --> 00:04:14,480 Speaker 1: we said, had just been highly controversial for all this time, 71 00:04:15,280 --> 00:04:19,320 Speaker 1: and the final identification mostly came by examining his injuries, 72 00:04:19,360 --> 00:04:23,360 Speaker 1: so it was kind of a forensic anthropology bones study. 73 00:04:23,480 --> 00:04:27,000 Speaker 1: There was evidence of sinusitis that could have come from 74 00:04:27,000 --> 00:04:30,360 Speaker 1: being hit in the face with an arrow, as happened 75 00:04:30,400 --> 00:04:34,400 Speaker 1: to Philip the Second. There was also damage to his 76 00:04:34,560 --> 00:04:37,760 Speaker 1: ribs that matches a blow from a lance, which Philip 77 00:04:37,760 --> 00:04:41,200 Speaker 1: the Second also sustained around three forty five or three 78 00:04:41,320 --> 00:04:46,080 Speaker 1: forty four BC. So there is ongoing debate about the 79 00:04:46,120 --> 00:04:48,680 Speaker 1: identity of all the other skeletons that were in the tomb, 80 00:04:49,040 --> 00:04:53,640 Speaker 1: but this one in particular King Philip the Second, and 81 00:04:53,760 --> 00:04:56,800 Speaker 1: related to you. One of my favorite episodes, uh an 82 00:04:56,800 --> 00:04:59,640 Speaker 1: international expedition to the shipwreck that gave us the Anti 83 00:04:59,720 --> 00:05:03,920 Speaker 1: kids A mechanism has turned up so much additional stuff. 84 00:05:04,600 --> 00:05:07,400 Speaker 1: Earlier efforts to study the wreck have failed because the 85 00:05:07,480 --> 00:05:11,440 Speaker 1: area was particularly treacherous, but this time divers were outfitted 86 00:05:11,440 --> 00:05:15,080 Speaker 1: with exo suits, which are described as wearable submarines, which 87 00:05:15,160 --> 00:05:17,440 Speaker 1: let them go into very deep water for hours at 88 00:05:17,440 --> 00:05:20,800 Speaker 1: a time without the risk of decompression sickness. So it's 89 00:05:20,800 --> 00:05:24,720 Speaker 1: a huge advancement in terms of the technology that allows 90 00:05:24,760 --> 00:05:27,440 Speaker 1: them to really explore these kinds of things, and their 91 00:05:27,480 --> 00:05:31,599 Speaker 1: findings include ship components. They found a spear from a 92 00:05:31,640 --> 00:05:36,480 Speaker 1: life size statue, there is an intact jug and other treasures. 93 00:05:36,520 --> 00:05:39,200 Speaker 1: They were able to make a really extensive three D 94 00:05:39,360 --> 00:05:42,440 Speaker 1: map of the area, including artifacts that are scattered around 95 00:05:42,440 --> 00:05:45,360 Speaker 1: the sea floor around the wreck, and there may be 96 00:05:45,400 --> 00:05:48,240 Speaker 1: some more about this in as They are indeed planning 97 00:05:48,279 --> 00:05:50,760 Speaker 1: to return to the wreck for further study, which is 98 00:05:50,880 --> 00:05:53,920 Speaker 1: especially awesome considering that they believe this ship is mostly 99 00:05:53,960 --> 00:05:57,320 Speaker 1: full of amazing Greek treasures. For all we know there 100 00:05:57,400 --> 00:06:01,320 Speaker 1: is another Antikithera mechanism down there that would be cool. Yeah. 101 00:06:01,320 --> 00:06:03,640 Speaker 1: The prevailing theory is that this is basically a ship 102 00:06:03,720 --> 00:06:07,000 Speaker 1: that was specifically loaded up with awesome Greek things and 103 00:06:07,040 --> 00:06:10,919 Speaker 1: then set sail for Rome, which means that further exploration 104 00:06:10,960 --> 00:06:14,160 Speaker 1: of it would be incredible. This is actually not the 105 00:06:14,240 --> 00:06:20,240 Speaker 1: only anti Citherin news that came in. James Evans, who's 106 00:06:20,279 --> 00:06:23,880 Speaker 1: a professor of physics, and Christian Karmen, who's a history 107 00:06:23,920 --> 00:06:27,480 Speaker 1: of science professor, got together and published a paper in 108 00:06:27,520 --> 00:06:31,120 Speaker 1: which they claimed that the anti Cithera mechanisms start date, 109 00:06:31,279 --> 00:06:35,400 Speaker 1: so sort of the date on which it's calculations begin 110 00:06:36,279 --> 00:06:39,200 Speaker 1: was in two hundred five b C. So if you 111 00:06:39,279 --> 00:06:44,159 Speaker 1: have not heard the anti Cithera mechanism uh episode that 112 00:06:44,240 --> 00:06:47,520 Speaker 1: we have in the archive, this is basically an astronomical 113 00:06:47,600 --> 00:06:50,960 Speaker 1: clock that has been dubbed the world's first computer. So 114 00:06:51,040 --> 00:06:54,760 Speaker 1: what these two professors did was they compared the mechanism 115 00:06:55,000 --> 00:06:59,000 Speaker 1: and the astronomical events that it sort of shows with 116 00:06:59,160 --> 00:07:02,920 Speaker 1: records of historical eclipses to figure out exactly where they 117 00:07:03,040 --> 00:07:06,400 Speaker 1: lined up. So their work suggests that the device is 118 00:07:06,440 --> 00:07:09,680 Speaker 1: actually between fifty and a hundred years older than we 119 00:07:09,720 --> 00:07:13,480 Speaker 1: all previously thought. If this is true, it up in 120 00:07:13,720 --> 00:07:16,360 Speaker 1: some of our prior understanding of the device because it 121 00:07:16,400 --> 00:07:20,120 Speaker 1: means that number one people were able to predict eclipses 122 00:07:20,280 --> 00:07:24,960 Speaker 1: much earlier than previously believed. Number two, it means that 123 00:07:25,040 --> 00:07:27,160 Speaker 1: the math that was used to put this whole thing 124 00:07:27,160 --> 00:07:32,800 Speaker 1: together was actually Babylonian arithmetic and not Greek trigonometry. It 125 00:07:33,040 --> 00:07:36,840 Speaker 1: lastly means that there's a possibly apocryphal story about the 126 00:07:36,880 --> 00:07:40,200 Speaker 1: antikithera device that could actually be true, and that story 127 00:07:40,360 --> 00:07:45,080 Speaker 1: is that Archimedes made something similar. Uh. This earlier time 128 00:07:45,080 --> 00:07:48,360 Speaker 1: frame of when it was potentially made means that it actually, 129 00:07:48,760 --> 00:07:55,080 Speaker 1: possibly very conjecturally existed during archimedes lifetime, which was not 130 00:07:55,280 --> 00:07:58,560 Speaker 1: possible in the earlier thinking that the thing was made 131 00:07:58,640 --> 00:08:02,640 Speaker 1: a hundred years later. I suspect there will be ongoing 132 00:08:02,680 --> 00:08:06,000 Speaker 1: discoveries about the anti kids or a mechanism, because it is. 133 00:08:06,280 --> 00:08:09,280 Speaker 1: It's one of those things where there are constantly new 134 00:08:09,320 --> 00:08:13,160 Speaker 1: analysis analyzes going on and new versions of it made 135 00:08:13,160 --> 00:08:18,520 Speaker 1: out of lego yes uh. In other news, during restoration 136 00:08:18,560 --> 00:08:22,480 Speaker 1: work at took At Castle, an archaeological team found along 137 00:08:22,480 --> 00:08:25,960 Speaker 1: with a secret tunnel to dungeons and they believed that 138 00:08:26,040 --> 00:08:29,080 Speaker 1: these were where Prince Vlad the Third a k Vlad 139 00:08:29,120 --> 00:08:32,280 Speaker 1: the Impaler was imprisoned and tortured in the early fifteenth 140 00:08:32,280 --> 00:08:36,200 Speaker 1: century while he was being held captive in Romania. A 141 00:08:36,240 --> 00:08:41,480 Speaker 1: lot of that was reported as Vlad the Impaler's dungeon found, 142 00:08:41,559 --> 00:08:44,880 Speaker 1: which really made it sound like was the dungeon he 143 00:08:45,000 --> 00:08:50,000 Speaker 1: was torturing people. Yeah, those those headlines were very misleading. 144 00:08:50,520 --> 00:08:53,520 Speaker 1: They really were. It was kind of disappointing to a 145 00:08:53,640 --> 00:08:58,840 Speaker 1: number of people. A sand storm appears to have revealed 146 00:08:58,880 --> 00:09:04,040 Speaker 1: some previously unknown Nascal lines in Peru. These geoglyphs were 147 00:09:04,120 --> 00:09:08,440 Speaker 1: spotted by pilot Eduardo Haran Gomez de la Torre, and 148 00:09:08,880 --> 00:09:11,560 Speaker 1: these newly discovered lines include a snake that's about a 149 00:09:11,600 --> 00:09:15,160 Speaker 1: hundred and ninety six ft long, a bird, a creature 150 00:09:15,200 --> 00:09:19,000 Speaker 1: that looks like a camel, and some zigzags. So archaeologists 151 00:09:19,000 --> 00:09:21,400 Speaker 1: were hoping to confirm all of these findings that that 152 00:09:21,520 --> 00:09:25,280 Speaker 1: they really were new and not previously discovered. I was 153 00:09:25,320 --> 00:09:29,000 Speaker 1: not able to define confirmation of what they had found yet. 154 00:09:29,200 --> 00:09:33,880 Speaker 1: Once we actually recorded this episode, the BBC reported that 155 00:09:33,960 --> 00:09:38,840 Speaker 1: some bones found under a Colchester department store were Buddhica bones, 156 00:09:38,880 --> 00:09:42,319 Speaker 1: and we put Boudica in quotes there. These bones, from 157 00:09:42,320 --> 00:09:44,960 Speaker 1: a jaw and a shin were found among burned building 158 00:09:45,040 --> 00:09:47,000 Speaker 1: rubble and appeared to date back to the time of 159 00:09:47,000 --> 00:09:51,200 Speaker 1: Boudica's rebellion. The BBC quoted Philip Crummy, director of the 160 00:09:51,200 --> 00:09:55,600 Speaker 1: Colchester arch Archaeological Trust, is saying they were quote likely 161 00:09:55,640 --> 00:09:58,040 Speaker 1: to be the remains of people who died in buildings 162 00:09:58,040 --> 00:10:00,240 Speaker 1: set on fire by the British as they over round 163 00:10:00,280 --> 00:10:04,439 Speaker 1: the town. Also at this department store, and similarly mixed 164 00:10:04,440 --> 00:10:07,160 Speaker 1: in with burn debris, was a collection of Roman jewelry, 165 00:10:07,240 --> 00:10:10,600 Speaker 1: also dating back to the year sixty one. The collection 166 00:10:10,640 --> 00:10:14,720 Speaker 1: includes a small jewelry box along with armlets, necklaces and 167 00:10:14,800 --> 00:10:18,199 Speaker 1: bracelets of silver and gold. The theory is that these 168 00:10:18,200 --> 00:10:22,199 Speaker 1: were buried before their owner fled from Budhica's army. This 169 00:10:22,240 --> 00:10:24,560 Speaker 1: is an example where I had two different articles that 170 00:10:24,600 --> 00:10:27,640 Speaker 1: were from two different uh months of the year, and 171 00:10:27,640 --> 00:10:30,280 Speaker 1: they were both about this department store, and I was like, 172 00:10:30,440 --> 00:10:33,360 Speaker 1: is it the same department store? Yes, it appears to 173 00:10:33,360 --> 00:10:37,760 Speaker 1: be the same department store. In our last connection to 174 00:10:37,960 --> 00:10:42,160 Speaker 1: a previous episode of Stuffie misson history class last year, 175 00:10:42,559 --> 00:10:45,600 Speaker 1: a tooth was found on Beacon Island, off the coast 176 00:10:45,600 --> 00:10:50,280 Speaker 1: of Western Australia. This year, surveys started in that area 177 00:10:50,400 --> 00:10:52,800 Speaker 1: in the hope of finding remains from the wreck of 178 00:10:52,840 --> 00:10:56,840 Speaker 1: the Batavia and the bloody events that followed it. But 179 00:10:56,920 --> 00:10:59,400 Speaker 1: before they could get into doing that research, they had 180 00:10:59,440 --> 00:11:02,440 Speaker 1: to remove a lot of more recent structures and whatnot 181 00:11:02,520 --> 00:11:04,160 Speaker 1: from the area because they were going to get in 182 00:11:04,200 --> 00:11:08,079 Speaker 1: the way of their study. This included some concrete slabs 183 00:11:08,120 --> 00:11:10,440 Speaker 1: that are between fifty and sixty years old and that 184 00:11:10,480 --> 00:11:13,200 Speaker 1: they were pretty sure we're covering up things that were 185 00:11:13,200 --> 00:11:18,600 Speaker 1: potentially of archaeological significance. Uh. These tools that they're using 186 00:11:18,640 --> 00:11:22,679 Speaker 1: for their surveys include geophysical remote sensing tools like ground 187 00:11:22,720 --> 00:11:26,559 Speaker 1: penetrating radar, and what they're looking for is burial sites 188 00:11:26,800 --> 00:11:30,880 Speaker 1: of the people who were killed in the aftermath of 189 00:11:30,960 --> 00:11:34,720 Speaker 1: the the wreck of the Batavia and the mutiny plans 190 00:11:34,840 --> 00:11:38,320 Speaker 1: that we're going on. So I'm hopeful that when we 191 00:11:38,360 --> 00:11:42,240 Speaker 1: do unearthed in we'll have lots of new news about 192 00:11:42,280 --> 00:11:47,560 Speaker 1: the Batavia to share with everyone. Yes, before we move 193 00:11:47,640 --> 00:11:51,520 Speaker 1: on to some particularly serendipitous fines, I mean, all the 194 00:11:51,520 --> 00:11:54,600 Speaker 1: fins are pretty serendipitous, but these ones are particularly So 195 00:11:55,400 --> 00:11:57,880 Speaker 1: let's take a brief moment for a word from a sponsor. 196 00:11:58,320 --> 00:12:02,760 Speaker 1: I think that sounds lovely. Our sponsor today is square space, 197 00:12:02,760 --> 00:12:06,480 Speaker 1: which is a really easy to use, intuitive drag and 198 00:12:06,559 --> 00:12:09,040 Speaker 1: drop away to make your own websites if you need 199 00:12:09,160 --> 00:12:13,720 Speaker 1: a website for your own projects, for your own business, 200 00:12:13,840 --> 00:12:16,200 Speaker 1: for whatever it is that you're looking for. 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So to 229 00:13:47,280 --> 00:13:52,040 Speaker 1: return this time to the world of uh extra serendipity. 230 00:13:52,280 --> 00:13:57,240 Speaker 1: In January, Antiquities Minister Mohammed Ibraheim of Egypt announced that 231 00:13:57,320 --> 00:14:00,240 Speaker 1: a University of Pennsylvania team had identified the two of 232 00:14:00,280 --> 00:14:04,560 Speaker 1: pharaoh uh so Becco Tep the First and so Becco 233 00:14:04,600 --> 00:14:07,400 Speaker 1: Tep the First is believed to be the founder of 234 00:14:07,440 --> 00:14:11,080 Speaker 1: the Thirteenth Dynasty, which was three thousand, eight hundred years ago, 235 00:14:11,480 --> 00:14:14,000 Speaker 1: and he ruled Egypt for about four and a half years, 236 00:14:14,080 --> 00:14:18,720 Speaker 1: which is rather long for a pharaoh during that time period. However, 237 00:14:18,920 --> 00:14:21,440 Speaker 1: before this discovery, there was really not a lot known 238 00:14:21,480 --> 00:14:24,200 Speaker 1: about him or his rule, which made this a particularly 239 00:14:24,560 --> 00:14:30,000 Speaker 1: important finding. However, the extra serendipitous part is that while 240 00:14:30,120 --> 00:14:33,200 Speaker 1: excavating this tomb, the team also found the tomb of 241 00:14:33,240 --> 00:14:38,800 Speaker 1: a completely different, previously unknown king. This was King wosirib 242 00:14:38,960 --> 00:14:43,080 Speaker 1: snib K, and this tomb had sadly been pretty damaged 243 00:14:43,080 --> 00:14:45,600 Speaker 1: by looters who had stolen a lot of the artifacts 244 00:14:45,600 --> 00:14:48,920 Speaker 1: and damaged the king's mummy, but the team was able 245 00:14:48,960 --> 00:14:53,920 Speaker 1: to reconstruct some of the remains, and although it's previously unknown, 246 00:14:54,120 --> 00:14:58,760 Speaker 1: it's possible that uh this was actually someone who was 247 00:14:58,840 --> 00:15:02,080 Speaker 1: named in the Turin king list, but the similar name 248 00:15:02,120 --> 00:15:04,600 Speaker 1: on that list is spelled completely differently from this one, 249 00:15:04,680 --> 00:15:07,760 Speaker 1: so it's possible that while excavating the tomb of one king, 250 00:15:08,480 --> 00:15:11,600 Speaker 1: they found the tomb of another king who was previously 251 00:15:11,680 --> 00:15:19,360 Speaker 1: unknown to history. On another fabulous happenstance, four children that 252 00:15:19,440 --> 00:15:22,480 Speaker 1: were on an archaeological dig for school kids dug up 253 00:15:22,520 --> 00:15:26,240 Speaker 1: an extremely rare gold hair ornament in kirkha in Northumberland. 254 00:15:27,000 --> 00:15:29,080 Speaker 1: The four boys were all between the ages of seven 255 00:15:29,080 --> 00:15:32,080 Speaker 1: and ten, and we're completely surprised when it turned out 256 00:15:32,080 --> 00:15:34,560 Speaker 1: that the plastic do dad that they thought they'd found 257 00:15:34,920 --> 00:15:37,760 Speaker 1: was in point of fact and extremely rare artifact dating 258 00:15:37,760 --> 00:15:42,560 Speaker 1: back to b C. There have only been ten similar 259 00:15:42,600 --> 00:15:46,160 Speaker 1: fines in Britain. This one, in a strange coincidence, is 260 00:15:46,200 --> 00:15:48,280 Speaker 1: a match set with one that was dug up in 261 00:15:48,360 --> 00:15:52,800 Speaker 1: ninety five, and two of the boys, Luca and Sebastian Alderson, 262 00:15:52,880 --> 00:15:56,320 Speaker 1: are the great great grandsons of Joseph Alderson, who was 263 00:15:56,400 --> 00:15:58,800 Speaker 1: part of the team that dug up that earlier ornament. 264 00:15:58,960 --> 00:16:03,760 Speaker 1: So there's kind of layered serendipity to this one. Yes. Uh. 265 00:16:04,000 --> 00:16:07,720 Speaker 1: Curator Barry Ager, who's a Viking specialist at the British 266 00:16:07,800 --> 00:16:11,320 Speaker 1: Museum whose name I hope I am pronouncing correctly, found 267 00:16:11,400 --> 00:16:14,680 Speaker 1: an ancient Celtic artifact inside and an item that the 268 00:16:14,800 --> 00:16:19,240 Speaker 1: museum already had in its collection. This item was a 269 00:16:19,320 --> 00:16:22,560 Speaker 1: lump of organic material that had been excavated from a 270 00:16:22,680 --> 00:16:28,040 Speaker 1: Viking burial site. The purported organic lump was excavated in 271 00:16:28,120 --> 00:16:31,040 Speaker 1: Norway in the eighteen hundreds and acquired by the museum 272 00:16:31,040 --> 00:16:34,120 Speaker 1: in eighteen ninety one, but it wasn't until this year 273 00:16:34,160 --> 00:16:37,320 Speaker 1: the Ager, who was basically looking through the collection in 274 00:16:37,400 --> 00:16:42,600 Speaker 1: advance of a visit from another researcher, saw something sticking 275 00:16:42,600 --> 00:16:45,440 Speaker 1: out of it that he thought warranted an extra look. 276 00:16:45,920 --> 00:16:48,720 Speaker 1: It turned out to be a Celtic disk that had 277 00:16:48,720 --> 00:16:52,080 Speaker 1: probably been plundered by the Vikings and returned to what's 278 00:16:52,120 --> 00:16:55,920 Speaker 1: now Norway with them. Probably this disc used to be 279 00:16:55,960 --> 00:16:58,440 Speaker 1: part of a shrine, but the Vikings who looted it 280 00:16:58,480 --> 00:17:02,040 Speaker 1: turned it into a brooch and further research on this 281 00:17:02,200 --> 00:17:06,520 Speaker 1: organic lump is now ongoing. And this was not the 282 00:17:06,560 --> 00:17:10,480 Speaker 1: only British artifact found in Viking plunder this year. Examination 283 00:17:10,520 --> 00:17:14,800 Speaker 1: of several Viking hordes in yielded ancient artifacts from all 284 00:17:14,840 --> 00:17:20,040 Speaker 1: over the British aisles. And we have one more serendipitous slash. 285 00:17:20,080 --> 00:17:23,800 Speaker 1: Oh this was in the museum's collection. The whole time story. 286 00:17:24,480 --> 00:17:29,320 Speaker 1: Researchers at the Pen Museum rediscovered a complete six thousand, 287 00:17:29,440 --> 00:17:32,680 Speaker 1: five hundred year old skeleton in their own collection. The 288 00:17:32,800 --> 00:17:35,600 Speaker 1: skeleton had been in storage in the museum for eighty 289 00:17:35,600 --> 00:17:38,320 Speaker 1: five years, and it was found again by chance while 290 00:17:38,320 --> 00:17:42,159 Speaker 1: the museum was working to digitize all of its old documentation. 291 00:17:43,040 --> 00:17:45,359 Speaker 1: So everyone knew that the box was there, they just 292 00:17:45,400 --> 00:17:47,359 Speaker 1: didn't know what was in it. Since it had no 293 00:17:47,560 --> 00:17:51,680 Speaker 1: catalog card or number, it wasn't matched up with any documentation. 294 00:17:52,760 --> 00:17:55,600 Speaker 1: They finally managed to match the mystery box to a 295 00:17:55,680 --> 00:18:00,320 Speaker 1: skeleton that had been labeled quote not accounted for during 296 00:18:00,320 --> 00:18:05,399 Speaker 1: a previous look through the archive in nine, and the 297 00:18:05,520 --> 00:18:08,880 Speaker 1: records and the skeleton both existed all of that time. 298 00:18:09,320 --> 00:18:11,600 Speaker 1: It wasn't until they were trying to digitize all the 299 00:18:11,640 --> 00:18:13,640 Speaker 1: records that they were able to match up the skeleton 300 00:18:13,680 --> 00:18:18,080 Speaker 1: with its paperwork. A complete skeleton from this long ago 301 00:18:18,280 --> 00:18:21,439 Speaker 1: is extremely rare, and this one was dug up in 302 00:18:21,480 --> 00:18:24,520 Speaker 1: what's now Iraq and was from one of forty eight 303 00:18:24,560 --> 00:18:28,840 Speaker 1: graves that were excavated there between ninety nine and nineteen thirty. 304 00:18:29,320 --> 00:18:33,640 Speaker 1: And now moving on to a listener favorite shipwrecks, So 305 00:18:33,720 --> 00:18:36,320 Speaker 1: a new year's low tide revealed the remains of a 306 00:18:36,320 --> 00:18:40,359 Speaker 1: shipwreck in ponte Vedra Beach, Florida. Five of the ship's 307 00:18:40,359 --> 00:18:43,040 Speaker 1: iron ribs had actually been uncovered way back in two 308 00:18:43,040 --> 00:18:46,480 Speaker 1: thousand eight during another low tide, and this time the 309 00:18:46,560 --> 00:18:49,240 Speaker 1: low tide revealed forty two of the ship's ribs, which 310 00:18:49,320 --> 00:18:52,399 Speaker 1: gave researchers a lot more to go on in figuring 311 00:18:52,440 --> 00:18:56,960 Speaker 1: out its identity. The Lighthouse Archaeological Maritime Program, and that's 312 00:18:56,960 --> 00:19:00,400 Speaker 1: an organization that researches the maritime history and our geology 313 00:19:00,560 --> 00:19:04,360 Speaker 1: of the St. Augustine area started combing through old records 314 00:19:04,359 --> 00:19:07,719 Speaker 1: to try to find out what this was. By checking 315 00:19:07,720 --> 00:19:10,480 Speaker 1: the wreckage that had been revealed against a list of 316 00:19:10,480 --> 00:19:13,520 Speaker 1: shipwrecks that had happened in the area between eighteen sixty 317 00:19:13,600 --> 00:19:16,919 Speaker 1: six and nineteen seventy four, they figured out that it 318 00:19:16,960 --> 00:19:20,040 Speaker 1: was the British Flag Deliverance, which was a motorized sailing 319 00:19:20,080 --> 00:19:24,560 Speaker 1: ship that wrecked in December of nineteen forty seven. Also 320 00:19:24,760 --> 00:19:28,040 Speaker 1: this year, a team of Russian excavators who were working 321 00:19:28,119 --> 00:19:31,920 Speaker 1: underwater off the coast of Alexandria, Egypt found a collection 322 00:19:31,960 --> 00:19:36,240 Speaker 1: of French artillery that belonged to Napoleon's fleet. These had 323 00:19:36,240 --> 00:19:39,200 Speaker 1: been on board a French vessel known as La Patoyal, 324 00:19:39,640 --> 00:19:42,960 Speaker 1: which had been part of a French expeditionary fleet in seventeen. 325 00:19:44,320 --> 00:19:48,000 Speaker 1: This collection included guns, pistols and cannons, which were all 326 00:19:48,040 --> 00:19:52,240 Speaker 1: sent to the Grand Egyptian Museum for restoration and further study. 327 00:19:52,800 --> 00:19:57,200 Speaker 1: Noah's Office of National Marine Sanctuaries released three D images 328 00:19:57,359 --> 00:19:59,480 Speaker 1: of the wreck of the s s City of Rio 329 00:19:59,640 --> 00:20:03,240 Speaker 1: de jan Niro, which sunk off San Francisco, California, in 330 00:20:03,320 --> 00:20:07,199 Speaker 1: February of nineteen o one. One. Twenty eight of the 331 00:20:07,200 --> 00:20:10,080 Speaker 1: two and ten people aboard were killed in that sinking, 332 00:20:10,440 --> 00:20:13,760 Speaker 1: most of them immigrants from China and Japan, and now 333 00:20:13,800 --> 00:20:17,280 Speaker 1: the wreck lies just outside the Golden Gate Bridge. The 334 00:20:17,320 --> 00:20:20,040 Speaker 1: mapping project revealed that the wreck is in very poor 335 00:20:20,080 --> 00:20:23,480 Speaker 1: condition and it's encased in sediment. The team also mapped 336 00:20:23,520 --> 00:20:26,480 Speaker 1: another nearby wreck, the SS City of Chester as well. 337 00:20:28,080 --> 00:20:31,000 Speaker 1: And moving away from shipwrecks, we have a couple of 338 00:20:31,000 --> 00:20:35,359 Speaker 1: things that are related to the Holocaust. So before going 339 00:20:35,400 --> 00:20:39,000 Speaker 1: into hiding with her family and Frank gave her marbles, 340 00:20:39,040 --> 00:20:42,080 Speaker 1: a book and a tea set to her playmate, Tusia 341 00:20:42,160 --> 00:20:45,919 Speaker 1: Cooper's who I hope I'm saying her name correctly. She 342 00:20:46,000 --> 00:20:49,600 Speaker 1: gave them to Tusia for safekeeping and her friend was 343 00:20:49,640 --> 00:20:52,359 Speaker 1: supposed to hold onto them until Anne came home again, 344 00:20:53,080 --> 00:20:56,600 Speaker 1: but as we probably all know, and died of typhus 345 00:20:56,600 --> 00:20:59,679 Speaker 1: in a concentration camp just weeks before it was liberated 346 00:21:00,640 --> 00:21:03,880 Speaker 1: after the end of the Holocaust, when only Ann's father 347 00:21:04,000 --> 00:21:08,760 Speaker 1: Otto had survived among the family, Tusia offered to return 348 00:21:08,840 --> 00:21:12,240 Speaker 1: Ann's belongings to him and he told her to keep them, 349 00:21:12,320 --> 00:21:14,719 Speaker 1: so she did, and eventually she sort of forgot that 350 00:21:14,800 --> 00:21:17,920 Speaker 1: she had them. She found them when she was moving 351 00:21:17,960 --> 00:21:21,960 Speaker 1: in and this year the marbles went on display at 352 00:21:21,960 --> 00:21:25,960 Speaker 1: a museum in Rotterdam for the first time. Also Holocaust related, 353 00:21:26,400 --> 00:21:29,440 Speaker 1: the Memorial and Museum at Auschwitz ber can Now announced 354 00:21:29,440 --> 00:21:31,720 Speaker 1: in March that a tool that was used to tattoo 355 00:21:31,800 --> 00:21:35,360 Speaker 1: prisoners had been added to its collection. It's a set 356 00:21:35,400 --> 00:21:37,800 Speaker 1: of removable plates and needles that could be put into 357 00:21:37,840 --> 00:21:40,879 Speaker 1: a stamp in order to fashion a specific number. And 358 00:21:40,920 --> 00:21:43,320 Speaker 1: it's not a whole set of tools. It's just a zero, 359 00:21:43,520 --> 00:21:46,719 Speaker 1: two threes, and two stamps that could be sixes or nines. 360 00:21:47,440 --> 00:21:50,679 Speaker 1: But there's only one other known tattooing device from the camp, 361 00:21:51,200 --> 00:21:54,080 Speaker 1: so this newly discovered one was found along the evacuation 362 00:21:54,200 --> 00:21:57,880 Speaker 1: route at auschwitzber can Now. Auschwitz is the only one 363 00:21:57,880 --> 00:22:00,399 Speaker 1: of the camps that tattooed its prisoners, which is a 364 00:22:00,440 --> 00:22:05,000 Speaker 1: practice that started in At first those numbers were tattooed 365 00:22:05,000 --> 00:22:07,879 Speaker 1: onto prisoners chest and then in two they moved the 366 00:22:07,920 --> 00:22:12,080 Speaker 1: numbers to the forearm. I think that's probably the most 367 00:22:12,320 --> 00:22:16,520 Speaker 1: distressing find that we are talking about this year, at 368 00:22:16,560 --> 00:22:19,320 Speaker 1: least in this episode. It is. It's it's one of 369 00:22:19,320 --> 00:22:23,080 Speaker 1: those pieces of history that's troubling but important. Yeah, And 370 00:22:23,160 --> 00:22:27,040 Speaker 1: this particular article that talked about the Fine discussed how 371 00:22:27,880 --> 00:22:32,520 Speaker 1: many of the surviving Holocaust prisoners who were tattooed as 372 00:22:32,520 --> 00:22:36,000 Speaker 1: they're getting older, starting to die because it was that 373 00:22:36,080 --> 00:22:38,520 Speaker 1: long ago, and how important it is that they were 374 00:22:38,560 --> 00:22:41,600 Speaker 1: able to find this piece of evidence to put into 375 00:22:41,600 --> 00:22:45,360 Speaker 1: the collection so that people do not forget that that 376 00:22:45,520 --> 00:22:48,840 Speaker 1: was part of what was going on. Uh. We have 377 00:22:48,960 --> 00:22:50,840 Speaker 1: a lot of things that have been dug up that 378 00:22:50,880 --> 00:22:54,000 Speaker 1: are purportedly the oldest of their kind, and we are 379 00:22:54,040 --> 00:22:56,640 Speaker 1: going to talk about that after another brief word from 380 00:22:56,680 --> 00:23:02,000 Speaker 1: a sponsor. So we are going to conclude this, uh, 381 00:23:02,119 --> 00:23:06,920 Speaker 1: this half of our Unearthed with several things that are 382 00:23:06,960 --> 00:23:11,760 Speaker 1: purported to be the oldest of their particular item. Another 383 00:23:11,840 --> 00:23:15,080 Speaker 1: announcement from way back in January was the discovery that 384 00:23:15,119 --> 00:23:19,880 Speaker 1: a collection of calligrapheed bamboo strips was really the world's 385 00:23:19,880 --> 00:23:25,080 Speaker 1: oldest base ten multiplication table. These strips themselves were actually 386 00:23:25,119 --> 00:23:28,800 Speaker 1: found about five years ago. There were twenty five hundred 387 00:23:28,880 --> 00:23:32,000 Speaker 1: of them that had most likely been illegally removed from 388 00:23:32,040 --> 00:23:34,879 Speaker 1: a tomb, and they were sold at a market in 389 00:23:35,000 --> 00:23:38,520 Speaker 1: Hong Kong. The person who bought them donated them to 390 00:23:38,600 --> 00:23:42,840 Speaker 1: a university in Beijing, and at that point they were filthy, 391 00:23:42,880 --> 00:23:44,680 Speaker 1: they were covered with mold, and they were all kind 392 00:23:44,720 --> 00:23:49,520 Speaker 1: of jumbled together. So after restoring them and studying them 393 00:23:49,560 --> 00:23:52,800 Speaker 1: and putting them all back together like a puzzle, researchers 394 00:23:52,840 --> 00:23:56,760 Speaker 1: determined that they were from sixty five different ancient texts. 395 00:23:57,520 --> 00:24:00,840 Speaker 1: Twenty one of the strips only contained numbers, and these, 396 00:24:00,880 --> 00:24:04,000 Speaker 1: when assembled in the right order, reveala times table that 397 00:24:04,160 --> 00:24:07,520 Speaker 1: dates back to about two hundred five b C and 398 00:24:07,600 --> 00:24:11,720 Speaker 1: looks just like a times table from today. The researchers 399 00:24:11,760 --> 00:24:15,440 Speaker 1: think that this multiplication table was used to calculate everything 400 00:24:15,480 --> 00:24:18,399 Speaker 1: from land area to tax collection at the time that 401 00:24:18,480 --> 00:24:22,359 Speaker 1: it was made. Researchers at the Naturalists Museum in the 402 00:24:22,440 --> 00:24:26,359 Speaker 1: Netherlands have found a five hundred forty thousand year old 403 00:24:26,400 --> 00:24:30,120 Speaker 1: shell marked with zigzag markings. It's part of a collection 404 00:24:30,160 --> 00:24:33,240 Speaker 1: of one hundred and sixty six shells excavated in Java 405 00:24:33,280 --> 00:24:36,879 Speaker 1: in the eight nineties. Sentiment within the markings is about 406 00:24:36,960 --> 00:24:39,600 Speaker 1: the same age as the shell, making it possibly the 407 00:24:39,640 --> 00:24:43,000 Speaker 1: world's oldest geometric carving. This would have made it the 408 00:24:43,000 --> 00:24:48,680 Speaker 1: work of human ancestor Homo erectus. Archaeologists in Rome found 409 00:24:48,680 --> 00:24:51,840 Speaker 1: the foundations of what's believed to be the oldest temple 410 00:24:51,960 --> 00:24:55,439 Speaker 1: from Roman antiquity. The temple when it was built, was 411 00:24:55,480 --> 00:24:58,520 Speaker 1: situated at a bend in the Tiber River, which is 412 00:24:58,560 --> 00:25:02,240 Speaker 1: now farther away the It was at that point the 413 00:25:02,280 --> 00:25:05,920 Speaker 1: stig was particularly challenging because the ruins themselves are deep 414 00:25:06,040 --> 00:25:08,800 Speaker 1: enough and close enough to the river that they're actually 415 00:25:08,840 --> 00:25:12,000 Speaker 1: below the waterline, so they had to work to make 416 00:25:12,000 --> 00:25:14,560 Speaker 1: sure that it didn't just fill up with water. In 417 00:25:14,600 --> 00:25:17,359 Speaker 1: addition to the foundation of the temple, the team found 418 00:25:17,440 --> 00:25:22,680 Speaker 1: offerings from foreign traders that included miniature drinking vessels, and 419 00:25:22,800 --> 00:25:25,600 Speaker 1: for this reason they believed that the temple was specifically 420 00:25:25,720 --> 00:25:30,080 Speaker 1: to the goddess Fortuna. Unfortunately, the depth of the pit 421 00:25:30,640 --> 00:25:32,280 Speaker 1: and the fact that it was seven and a half 422 00:25:32,320 --> 00:25:35,120 Speaker 1: feet below the water table means that they couldn't leave 423 00:25:35,160 --> 00:25:37,840 Speaker 1: it open. They had to fill the trench back in 424 00:25:38,080 --> 00:25:40,320 Speaker 1: once they were done looking at what was down there. 425 00:25:41,720 --> 00:25:43,760 Speaker 1: I would almost hate to be the guy that says, Okay, 426 00:25:43,760 --> 00:25:46,280 Speaker 1: we're done looking at this amazing ancient find, fill in 427 00:25:46,320 --> 00:25:49,520 Speaker 1: the dirt, which I break my heart to make that call. 428 00:25:49,880 --> 00:25:52,440 Speaker 1: I think some of them were actually relieved because working 429 00:25:52,480 --> 00:25:57,560 Speaker 1: down there was apparently extremely claustrophobic. That I can believe. Uh. 430 00:25:57,560 --> 00:26:00,119 Speaker 1: In other news of fishermen found a one d one 431 00:26:00,200 --> 00:26:02,439 Speaker 1: year old message in a bottle, believed to be the 432 00:26:02,480 --> 00:26:05,040 Speaker 1: oldest ever found, or at least the oldest found with 433 00:26:05,080 --> 00:26:08,040 Speaker 1: the message inside still intact, and that was in the 434 00:26:08,040 --> 00:26:11,480 Speaker 1: Baltic Sea off the city of Kiel. While the postcard 435 00:26:11,520 --> 00:26:16,360 Speaker 1: itself is intact, the message is largely illegible. Richard Platts 436 00:26:16,359 --> 00:26:19,520 Speaker 1: had written the message in while in a nature hike 437 00:26:19,600 --> 00:26:22,960 Speaker 1: and then tossed the bottle into the sea. Researchers found 438 00:26:23,000 --> 00:26:26,359 Speaker 1: his granddaughter and presented her with the message inside. The 439 00:26:26,440 --> 00:26:29,440 Speaker 1: message and the bottle were set for a museum display. 440 00:26:29,520 --> 00:26:33,280 Speaker 1: As of this recording, they were also hoping to be 441 00:26:33,359 --> 00:26:36,040 Speaker 1: able to piece together with the message actually said I 442 00:26:36,040 --> 00:26:38,040 Speaker 1: I'm not sure if they've been able to do that yet. 443 00:26:39,240 --> 00:26:43,080 Speaker 1: The oldest known figurative cave painting was reported in the 444 00:26:43,160 --> 00:26:46,879 Speaker 1: journal Nature this year. The painting, which was found on 445 00:26:46,920 --> 00:26:52,200 Speaker 1: the Indonesian island of Sulawaisti, depicts up batarusa, which is 446 00:26:52,240 --> 00:26:55,000 Speaker 1: a very large tusked pig that eats fruit and is 447 00:26:55,040 --> 00:26:57,639 Speaker 1: also called a pig deer, which I find kind of charming. 448 00:26:58,560 --> 00:27:03,560 Speaker 1: This cave painting is about forty thousand years old, making 449 00:27:03,560 --> 00:27:07,119 Speaker 1: it about the same age as the other previously known 450 00:27:07,560 --> 00:27:12,119 Speaker 1: oldest figurative paintings in Europe. This is notable because a 451 00:27:12,160 --> 00:27:16,600 Speaker 1: lot of archaeologists previously thought that decorative and figurative painting 452 00:27:16,680 --> 00:27:19,920 Speaker 1: really started in Europe, but this finding makes it seem 453 00:27:20,000 --> 00:27:24,000 Speaker 1: like it was really happening at roughly opposite ends of 454 00:27:24,080 --> 00:27:26,760 Speaker 1: the prehistoric world at about the same time. So now 455 00:27:26,800 --> 00:27:29,960 Speaker 1: the theory is that perhaps this was something that started 456 00:27:30,040 --> 00:27:33,399 Speaker 1: much earlier with early Man in Africa and was taken 457 00:27:33,520 --> 00:27:37,959 Speaker 1: with uh the migration out into the rest of the world. 458 00:27:38,920 --> 00:27:42,119 Speaker 1: In this same Indonesian cave are a series of handprints 459 00:27:42,160 --> 00:27:45,280 Speaker 1: that were made by putting h the hand against the 460 00:27:45,280 --> 00:27:48,120 Speaker 1: wall and then blowing ochre over it like a stencil 461 00:27:48,920 --> 00:27:52,200 Speaker 1: from your mouth with the ochre in your mouth, which 462 00:27:52,320 --> 00:27:55,120 Speaker 1: just to me, I imagine that that is a lot 463 00:27:55,160 --> 00:27:58,359 Speaker 1: like having just a mouthful of dirt. So I just 464 00:27:58,400 --> 00:28:02,159 Speaker 1: want to applaud the prehistorian artists who did this. I 465 00:28:02,200 --> 00:28:05,480 Speaker 1: know it makes me want to refreshing beverage. Real bad uh. 466 00:28:05,520 --> 00:28:10,119 Speaker 1: And then to wrap up, archaeologists found the oldest known 467 00:28:10,359 --> 00:28:13,520 Speaker 1: pants or trousers depending on where you're from, and two 468 00:28:13,560 --> 00:28:16,640 Speaker 1: tombs in China. I love this fine. They date back 469 00:28:16,680 --> 00:28:19,960 Speaker 1: to roughly one thousand BC, and they're between three hundred 470 00:28:19,960 --> 00:28:23,000 Speaker 1: and five hundred years older than the previous record holder 471 00:28:23,040 --> 00:28:25,800 Speaker 1: for the oldest pants. The garments are made of wool, 472 00:28:25,920 --> 00:28:28,240 Speaker 1: and they have a three piece construction made of two 473 00:28:28,320 --> 00:28:31,600 Speaker 1: straight cut legs and then a crotch piece that connects them. 474 00:28:31,640 --> 00:28:34,760 Speaker 1: As an aside, it was most likely domesticating horses and 475 00:28:34,880 --> 00:28:37,800 Speaker 1: riding that prompted the construction of pants with separate crotches 476 00:28:38,160 --> 00:28:41,200 Speaker 1: so that it would protect your sitting parts. I'm glad 477 00:28:41,240 --> 00:28:45,160 Speaker 1: you got to do that one me too, because I remember, um, 478 00:28:45,200 --> 00:28:47,520 Speaker 1: I think I posted a link to that on our 479 00:28:47,520 --> 00:28:50,080 Speaker 1: Facebook page when it first came up, and uh, there 480 00:28:50,120 --> 00:28:52,000 Speaker 1: was much discussion about whether or not I should try 481 00:28:52,000 --> 00:28:53,600 Speaker 1: to make a pair, which I never got around to. 482 00:28:53,760 --> 00:28:58,440 Speaker 1: But I love that it would But I, um one, 483 00:28:58,560 --> 00:29:00,520 Speaker 1: I couldn't wear them like just the a Those kind 484 00:29:00,560 --> 00:29:04,400 Speaker 1: of style of panther cut are not for my um 485 00:29:04,440 --> 00:29:07,000 Speaker 1: body shape. So it would have been like, these are 486 00:29:07,040 --> 00:29:09,840 Speaker 1: neat and then fold them and put them somewhere, and 487 00:29:09,840 --> 00:29:12,520 Speaker 1: then we would trick later archaeologists who are like, but no, 488 00:29:12,680 --> 00:29:20,480 Speaker 1: we found a bear in Atlanta, how strange. So we 489 00:29:20,560 --> 00:29:24,480 Speaker 1: have lots more stuff in our next episode that came 490 00:29:24,560 --> 00:29:29,120 Speaker 1: out of the dirt, either literally or figuratively this year. Uh. 491 00:29:29,160 --> 00:29:31,840 Speaker 1: Before we close out for the day, though, I have 492 00:29:31,920 --> 00:29:35,840 Speaker 1: a little bit of a listener mail. This mail is 493 00:29:35,880 --> 00:29:39,000 Speaker 1: from Keith, who says, Hello, Tracy and Holly love the podcast. 494 00:29:39,600 --> 00:29:42,480 Speaker 1: I just finished listening to your installment about the Iroquois 495 00:29:42,480 --> 00:29:45,600 Speaker 1: theater disaster. He might have come across this in your research, 496 00:29:45,720 --> 00:29:49,320 Speaker 1: but in case you didn't, here's an interesting factoid. Frank 497 00:29:49,400 --> 00:29:53,240 Speaker 1: Lloyd Right, America's most famous and infinite infamous architect, has 498 00:29:53,240 --> 00:29:56,320 Speaker 1: a connection with the theater disaster too. If his sons 499 00:29:56,360 --> 00:30:00,200 Speaker 1: were there when it happened. Lloyd Wright and John Lloyd Right, 500 00:30:00,240 --> 00:30:04,120 Speaker 1: we're there with their grandmother. Lloyd was thirteen, John was eleven. 501 00:30:04,600 --> 00:30:07,040 Speaker 1: John writes about it in his book entitled My Father 502 00:30:07,240 --> 00:30:10,400 Speaker 1: Frank Lloyd Wright, which is sometimes published as My Father 503 00:30:10,800 --> 00:30:14,520 Speaker 1: Who Is on Earth. He describes the account just like 504 00:30:14,600 --> 00:30:17,440 Speaker 1: you did, though with a few extra details. He says, 505 00:30:17,480 --> 00:30:20,640 Speaker 1: there was a Christmas extravaganza going on and a double 506 00:30:20,720 --> 00:30:24,160 Speaker 1: arctette was singing in the pale moonlight when quote balls 507 00:30:24,200 --> 00:30:27,640 Speaker 1: of cotton on fire dropped on the stage. This was 508 00:30:27,680 --> 00:30:31,480 Speaker 1: followed by an explosion than the scenery caught fire. That's 509 00:30:31,520 --> 00:30:34,400 Speaker 1: the end of the quote. He goes on to describe 510 00:30:34,440 --> 00:30:37,479 Speaker 1: Boyd running onto the stage half costumed and half made up, 511 00:30:37,720 --> 00:30:40,480 Speaker 1: how we tried to keep the crowd quiet, etcetera. He 512 00:30:40,560 --> 00:30:42,880 Speaker 1: said they were sitting in the third row center on 513 00:30:42,920 --> 00:30:45,480 Speaker 1: the main floor, which is probably why they made it out. 514 00:30:45,880 --> 00:30:47,880 Speaker 1: The three of them got separated in the crowd, but 515 00:30:48,000 --> 00:30:50,640 Speaker 1: John found his father, franklod Right when he got out. 516 00:30:51,120 --> 00:30:54,000 Speaker 1: He had an office nearby and probably heard the commotion, 517 00:30:55,200 --> 00:30:58,479 Speaker 1: he claims. Frank Lloyd Right then ran into the burning 518 00:30:58,520 --> 00:31:02,280 Speaker 1: theater to look for Lloyd and their grandmother. All were fine, 519 00:31:02,480 --> 00:31:07,120 Speaker 1: but the account obviously affected them. The incident was definitely 520 00:31:07,200 --> 00:31:09,560 Speaker 1: a harbinger for Frank Lloyd Right, as he did lose 521 00:31:09,600 --> 00:31:12,080 Speaker 1: his ment, his mistress, and her family in a terrible 522 00:31:12,120 --> 00:31:16,360 Speaker 1: fire at their home in Spring Green, Wisconsin. A disgruntled 523 00:31:16,440 --> 00:31:19,440 Speaker 1: servant let the house on fire only after bolting all 524 00:31:19,480 --> 00:31:22,640 Speaker 1: the windows and doors so no one could escape. John 525 00:31:22,720 --> 00:31:25,480 Speaker 1: was with Frank Lloyd Right in Chicago when they got 526 00:31:25,480 --> 00:31:29,560 Speaker 1: the news. Lloyd Wright had a successful career as an architect, 527 00:31:29,640 --> 00:31:33,360 Speaker 1: designing many houses and structures in California and periodically assisting 528 00:31:33,400 --> 00:31:36,720 Speaker 1: his father. John Lloyd Wright had a career as an architect, 529 00:31:36,720 --> 00:31:39,760 Speaker 1: though he was significantly less successful. He is, however, the 530 00:31:39,760 --> 00:31:43,640 Speaker 1: inventor of that ever popular toy, Lincoln Logs. Since Frank 531 00:31:43,680 --> 00:31:47,440 Speaker 1: Woyd Wright and his disciples so shaped modern American architecture, 532 00:31:47,880 --> 00:31:50,880 Speaker 1: one wonders if the Iroquois theater fire affected their thought 533 00:31:50,880 --> 00:31:54,480 Speaker 1: process about design and safety. I can't imagine it, didn't 534 00:31:55,200 --> 00:31:59,160 Speaker 1: love the podcast. Keep it up, Keith. So for the record, 535 00:31:59,200 --> 00:32:01,680 Speaker 1: I did not time that when I was researching the 536 00:32:01,680 --> 00:32:05,440 Speaker 1: theater fire. Uh, this is a great story though, And 537 00:32:06,560 --> 00:32:10,880 Speaker 1: I did actually know about, um the fire that was 538 00:32:10,920 --> 00:32:14,240 Speaker 1: started by a disfrontled servant. That is a thing that 539 00:32:14,320 --> 00:32:16,920 Speaker 1: I have thought about doing an episode on at various 540 00:32:16,920 --> 00:32:20,200 Speaker 1: points a couple of times when we've asked people, Hey, 541 00:32:20,280 --> 00:32:23,120 Speaker 1: we're looking for some cheery or subject matter. People have 542 00:32:23,120 --> 00:32:25,200 Speaker 1: talked to Frank Lloyd Wright and I kind of go 543 00:32:25,400 --> 00:32:31,479 Speaker 1: actually so much with the cheery. It just happened. Yeah, 544 00:32:31,680 --> 00:32:34,760 Speaker 1: So thank you so much Keith for writing to us. 545 00:32:35,280 --> 00:32:36,720 Speaker 1: If you would like to write to us, We're at 546 00:32:36,800 --> 00:32:39,520 Speaker 1: History Podcast at how Stuff Works dot com. We're also 547 00:32:39,560 --> 00:32:42,240 Speaker 1: on Facebook at facebook dot com slash miss in history 548 00:32:42,280 --> 00:32:45,240 Speaker 1: and on Twitter at miss in History. Our tumbler is 549 00:32:45,280 --> 00:32:47,240 Speaker 1: miss in history dot tumbler dot com, and we're on 550 00:32:47,280 --> 00:32:50,840 Speaker 1: Pinterest at pinterest dot com slash missed in History. If 551 00:32:50,840 --> 00:32:52,600 Speaker 1: you would like to learn a little more about what 552 00:32:52,600 --> 00:32:55,480 Speaker 1: we've talked about today, you can come to our web website. 553 00:32:55,680 --> 00:32:58,640 Speaker 1: Put the word Lad in the search bar. You will 554 00:32:58,680 --> 00:33:02,520 Speaker 1: find who was the you'll count Dracula. We can do 555 00:33:03,000 --> 00:33:05,720 Speaker 1: that at our parent company's website, which is called stuffworks 556 00:33:05,720 --> 00:33:07,920 Speaker 1: dot com. Or could you can come to our website, 557 00:33:07,920 --> 00:33:10,080 Speaker 1: which is missing history dot com to find show notes 558 00:33:10,440 --> 00:33:13,400 Speaker 1: and an archive of every single episode ever. You can 559 00:33:13,400 --> 00:33:15,200 Speaker 1: do all that and a whole lot more at how 560 00:33:15,240 --> 00:33:21,960 Speaker 1: stuffworks dot com or mimson history dot com for more 561 00:33:22,000 --> 00:33:24,320 Speaker 1: on this and thousands of other topics because it has 562 00:33:24,360 --> 00:33:37,520 Speaker 1: stuff works dot com