1 00:00:00,120 --> 00:00:01,960 Speaker 1: This Day in History Class is a production of I 2 00:00:02,080 --> 00:00:06,560 Speaker 1: Heart Radio. Hello, Welcome to this Day and History Class, 3 00:00:07,040 --> 00:00:10,520 Speaker 1: where we desk off a little piece of history every day. 4 00:00:11,640 --> 00:00:25,280 Speaker 1: Today is March nineteen. The day was March nineteen sixteen 5 00:00:26,280 --> 00:00:29,400 Speaker 1: after U n shit Kai was declared the first official 6 00:00:29,440 --> 00:00:32,839 Speaker 1: president of the Republic of China in nineteen twelve. He 7 00:00:32,920 --> 00:00:37,239 Speaker 1: had attempted to bring back Confucianism and reinstate the imperial monarchy, 8 00:00:38,360 --> 00:00:41,760 Speaker 1: but people across China and outside of the country opposed 9 00:00:41,800 --> 00:00:45,320 Speaker 1: the restoration of the monarchy, and on this day Un 10 00:00:45,479 --> 00:00:48,880 Speaker 1: abdicated the throne in China once again had a republican 11 00:00:48,960 --> 00:00:53,960 Speaker 1: form of government. UN's death soon after in June nineteen 12 00:00:54,040 --> 00:00:58,400 Speaker 1: sixteen created a China with the weak government and divided army, 13 00:00:58,840 --> 00:01:05,039 Speaker 1: ushering in the War Forward era. Early on, Un served 14 00:01:05,080 --> 00:01:07,959 Speaker 1: in the teen Brigade of the an Hui Army, which 15 00:01:08,000 --> 00:01:11,319 Speaker 1: was sent to Korea in eighteen eighty two to prevent 16 00:01:11,400 --> 00:01:15,680 Speaker 1: a Japanese coup. At the time, Korea had come out 17 00:01:15,680 --> 00:01:18,920 Speaker 1: of his self impost isolation and was targeted by the 18 00:01:19,040 --> 00:01:24,000 Speaker 1: Japanese and other foreign interests. Un served for a decade 19 00:01:24,000 --> 00:01:27,120 Speaker 1: in Korea, rising to the position of Chinese commissioner in 20 00:01:27,200 --> 00:01:30,720 Speaker 1: Soul until the First Sino Japanese War broke out in 21 00:01:30,800 --> 00:01:35,400 Speaker 1: eighteen ninety four, and he returned to Beijing. After Japan 22 00:01:35,480 --> 00:01:40,040 Speaker 1: emerged victorious in the Sino Japanese War in eighteen, Un 23 00:01:40,200 --> 00:01:43,760 Speaker 1: was put in charge of training a new army. In 24 00:01:43,840 --> 00:01:47,919 Speaker 1: eighteen ninety eight, when the Guangsha Emperor attempted to institute 25 00:01:47,920 --> 00:01:52,400 Speaker 1: a series of progressive reforms, Empress Dowager should She wrested 26 00:01:52,400 --> 00:01:56,240 Speaker 1: power from the emperor with the help of conservative military leaders. 27 00:01:57,560 --> 00:02:00,880 Speaker 1: Un and should She then formed an alliance and his 28 00:02:00,960 --> 00:02:05,800 Speaker 1: political power grew. He was appointed governor of Shandong Province 29 00:02:05,840 --> 00:02:09,760 Speaker 1: in eighteen and at the turn of the century, he 30 00:02:09,880 --> 00:02:13,280 Speaker 1: used his new army to suppress the Boxer rebellion, and 31 00:02:13,360 --> 00:02:15,800 Speaker 1: his division was the only part of China's army that 32 00:02:15,840 --> 00:02:21,520 Speaker 1: survived the rebellion. From there he kept gaining influence. He 33 00:02:21,600 --> 00:02:26,560 Speaker 1: became the Viceroy of Julie, the region around Beijing, and 34 00:02:26,760 --> 00:02:29,799 Speaker 1: he was appointed the Minister of Beiyang and the commissioner 35 00:02:29,880 --> 00:02:35,000 Speaker 1: of the Army Reorganization Council. Un even played a role 36 00:02:35,080 --> 00:02:38,720 Speaker 1: in political reforms late in the King dynasty, like creating 37 00:02:38,720 --> 00:02:43,080 Speaker 1: the ministries of Education and Police, should. She was firm 38 00:02:43,160 --> 00:02:45,880 Speaker 1: in her support of Un, and you Win was even 39 00:02:45,919 --> 00:02:48,720 Speaker 1: more powerful than her because of his role in government 40 00:02:48,720 --> 00:02:52,800 Speaker 1: and military command, so his opponents in the Cheaing Court 41 00:02:52,960 --> 00:02:55,760 Speaker 1: began to worry that he would leave a military coup 42 00:02:56,919 --> 00:02:59,760 Speaker 1: when should she in Guangshu died only a day a 43 00:02:59,760 --> 00:03:03,079 Speaker 1: part in nineteen o eight, Yuan was ordered to retire 44 00:03:03,160 --> 00:03:06,200 Speaker 1: from his offices and sent home to he Non Province 45 00:03:06,639 --> 00:03:09,400 Speaker 1: under the guise that he had to treat a foot ailment, 46 00:03:10,960 --> 00:03:15,000 Speaker 1: but he didn't stay away for long. When the Shinhai 47 00:03:15,160 --> 00:03:19,120 Speaker 1: Revolution broke out in October nineteen eleven, the Team Court 48 00:03:19,240 --> 00:03:22,760 Speaker 1: pegged him to come back, but he refused, saying his 49 00:03:22,840 --> 00:03:26,760 Speaker 1: foot ailment was still a problem. That was sarcasm if 50 00:03:26,800 --> 00:03:31,160 Speaker 1: you didn't catch it anyway. You Win eventually accepted, and 51 00:03:31,200 --> 00:03:34,880 Speaker 1: he became Prime Minister in November, as well as commander 52 00:03:34,920 --> 00:03:37,440 Speaker 1: in chief of all the armies in North China that 53 00:03:37,480 --> 00:03:41,880 Speaker 1: were fighting against the revolutionists. By December, he had forced 54 00:03:42,000 --> 00:03:47,240 Speaker 1: leaders of the revolution to negotiate. During the negotiations, revolution 55 00:03:47,320 --> 00:03:50,600 Speaker 1: leader Sun Yat Sen was elected President of the Provisional 56 00:03:50,640 --> 00:03:54,960 Speaker 1: Government of the Chinese Republic, but the revolutionaries were in 57 00:03:55,000 --> 00:03:58,880 Speaker 1: a weak position militarily, so they compromised with you In. 58 00:04:00,240 --> 00:04:03,480 Speaker 1: Un got Empress Dowager Long You to abdicate the throne 59 00:04:03,760 --> 00:04:08,160 Speaker 1: on behalf of her child, Emperor's son who Ye. In return, 60 00:04:08,600 --> 00:04:12,080 Speaker 1: Soun yat Sin resigned as provisional President and you Win 61 00:04:12,280 --> 00:04:15,080 Speaker 1: took the oath of office as provisional President of the 62 00:04:15,120 --> 00:04:19,800 Speaker 1: Republic on March tenth, nineteen twelve. But you Win only 63 00:04:19,839 --> 00:04:23,960 Speaker 1: took the position to consolidate his power. He wasn't particularly 64 00:04:24,080 --> 00:04:28,120 Speaker 1: interested in a democratic government. Needless to say, the Republic 65 00:04:28,160 --> 00:04:32,400 Speaker 1: had a rocky start. The treasury was empty, provinces were 66 00:04:32,400 --> 00:04:36,360 Speaker 1: controlled by war lords, and there still was no permanent constitution. 67 00:04:37,640 --> 00:04:41,720 Speaker 1: Using foreign loans, Un expanded his army and bought politicians. 68 00:04:42,960 --> 00:04:46,760 Speaker 1: The Nationalist Party or Gua Min Dong, opposed you Win 69 00:04:46,880 --> 00:04:50,000 Speaker 1: and his camp. When the chairman of the party was 70 00:04:50,080 --> 00:04:53,880 Speaker 1: murdered in March of nineteen thirteen, all signs of guilt 71 00:04:54,000 --> 00:04:59,320 Speaker 1: pointed to UN's government. In nineteen thirteen, parliament under force 72 00:04:59,440 --> 00:05:03,479 Speaker 1: elected you Win president. The new president soon dissolved the 73 00:05:03,480 --> 00:05:08,760 Speaker 1: Gauatmin Dong, arrested its members and dissolved parliament. Soon you 74 00:05:08,880 --> 00:05:12,400 Speaker 1: Win named himself president for life and gave himself the 75 00:05:12,480 --> 00:05:15,920 Speaker 1: right to appoint his successor. As a part of their 76 00:05:15,960 --> 00:05:20,280 Speaker 1: expansion efforts, Japan attempted to take advantage of UN's unstable 77 00:05:20,360 --> 00:05:23,680 Speaker 1: rule in China with the list of twenty one demands, 78 00:05:23,720 --> 00:05:27,920 Speaker 1: which would basically make China a Japanese protectorate. In order 79 00:05:27,920 --> 00:05:31,280 Speaker 1: to avoid war. You one accepted a revised version of 80 00:05:31,320 --> 00:05:36,160 Speaker 1: the demand. People protested and boycotted Japanese goods, and you 81 00:05:36,240 --> 00:05:39,960 Speaker 1: win lost credibility, but you win. Took advantage of the 82 00:05:40,000 --> 00:05:43,400 Speaker 1: anger around the demands to convince people that the monarchy 83 00:05:43,480 --> 00:05:47,880 Speaker 1: and his position as emperor needed to be reinstated for stability. 84 00:05:48,600 --> 00:05:51,560 Speaker 1: In nineteen fifteen, he announced that he would soon be 85 00:05:51,640 --> 00:05:56,320 Speaker 1: emperor under the title Hancxian. Yuan was ruling through provincial 86 00:05:56,320 --> 00:06:00,839 Speaker 1: military governors, but military governors and provinces began to revolt 87 00:06:00,920 --> 00:06:04,320 Speaker 1: in opposition to the monarchy. With support from the Japanese 88 00:06:05,480 --> 00:06:09,920 Speaker 1: the press, UN's advisors, and even his armies rallied against him. 89 00:06:10,160 --> 00:06:14,560 Speaker 1: Un gave in and revoked monarchism on March twenty, nineteen sixteen, 90 00:06:15,400 --> 00:06:19,839 Speaker 1: so he also said he would resume his presidency. Un 91 00:06:19,880 --> 00:06:23,279 Speaker 1: died three months later of urmia while China was still 92 00:06:23,320 --> 00:06:28,120 Speaker 1: fighting for his resignation as president. Over the next decade, 93 00:06:28,440 --> 00:06:32,120 Speaker 1: China would be plagued by warlordism and a week central government. 94 00:06:34,120 --> 00:06:36,919 Speaker 1: I'm Eaves Jeff Pote, and hopefully you know a little 95 00:06:36,920 --> 00:06:41,160 Speaker 1: more about history today than you did yesterday. If you 96 00:06:41,200 --> 00:06:45,039 Speaker 1: feel like correcting my pronunciation or my accent on anything 97 00:06:45,080 --> 00:06:47,440 Speaker 1: that I've said in the show, feel free to leave 98 00:06:47,480 --> 00:06:51,960 Speaker 1: a very kind comment on Twitter, Instagram or Facebook. At 99 00:06:52,160 --> 00:06:57,760 Speaker 1: t D i h C podcast, thank you for joining 100 00:06:57,800 --> 00:07:06,159 Speaker 1: me today. See you same play, same time tomorrow. 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