1 00:00:02,320 --> 00:00:06,080 Speaker 1: Happy Saturday. This week, in our six Impossible episodes about 2 00:00:06,080 --> 00:00:08,720 Speaker 1: mother Goose Rhymes, we talked about some nursery rhymes that 3 00:00:08,760 --> 00:00:11,119 Speaker 1: are purportedly about events that we have covered on the 4 00:00:11,160 --> 00:00:15,440 Speaker 1: show before. One of those, Rockabye Baby, is sometimes interpreted 5 00:00:15,480 --> 00:00:18,440 Speaker 1: as being about the birth of James Francis Edward Stewart. 6 00:00:19,079 --> 00:00:22,000 Speaker 1: Our episode on this was from way back on July, 7 00:00:23,640 --> 00:00:25,159 Speaker 1: so we thought we would bring it out for a 8 00:00:25,160 --> 00:00:30,000 Speaker 1: Saturday classic. It's the Jacobite Rising of set. And of 9 00:00:30,040 --> 00:00:34,120 Speaker 1: course we talked about Outlander a bit on this episode, 10 00:00:34,320 --> 00:00:37,479 Speaker 1: and naturally, at this point, almost five years later, the 11 00:00:37,600 --> 00:00:41,200 Speaker 1: TV show Outlander has moved on to other things out 12 00:00:41,280 --> 00:00:49,199 Speaker 1: Dare they so enjoy? Welcome to Stuff you missed in 13 00:00:49,280 --> 00:00:58,880 Speaker 1: History Class A production of I Heart Radio. Hello, and 14 00:00:59,040 --> 00:01:02,080 Speaker 1: welcome to the Pie Cast. I am Tracy Wilson and 15 00:01:02,120 --> 00:01:05,640 Speaker 1: I'm Holly Frying. Largely thanks to the Outlander books and 16 00:01:05,800 --> 00:01:09,440 Speaker 1: TV show, we have gotten so many requests to talk 17 00:01:09,480 --> 00:01:14,560 Speaker 1: about today's topic in so many different forms. I'm not exaggerating. 18 00:01:14,600 --> 00:01:16,119 Speaker 1: This goes all the way back to when we very 19 00:01:16,240 --> 00:01:20,000 Speaker 1: very first started on the show. Bonnie Prince Charlie is 20 00:01:20,120 --> 00:01:25,600 Speaker 1: number eleven on our hundreds and hundreds of suggestions long 21 00:01:26,319 --> 00:01:29,280 Speaker 1: uh listeners, suggestions document. I'm not kidding when I say 22 00:01:29,360 --> 00:01:31,399 Speaker 1: hundreds and hundreds. There are at least six hundred things 23 00:01:31,480 --> 00:01:33,200 Speaker 1: on there, but I haven't updated in a while, so 24 00:01:33,280 --> 00:01:36,360 Speaker 1: if I update from what's in our email, it's probably 25 00:01:36,400 --> 00:01:41,280 Speaker 1: closer to almost a thousand. Uh. And then in addition 26 00:01:41,400 --> 00:01:45,840 Speaker 1: to Bonnie Prince Charlie being number eleven, the Jacobite Rebellion 27 00:01:46,000 --> 00:01:48,240 Speaker 1: and the Battle of Collodon are both all on there 28 00:01:48,320 --> 00:01:55,600 Speaker 1: as well, like within the top tent of suggestions, ordered chronologically, 29 00:01:55,760 --> 00:01:58,320 Speaker 1: and they just the hits just keep coming. I had 30 00:01:58,360 --> 00:02:01,600 Speaker 1: to laugh because last night Tracy sent me the outline 31 00:02:01,640 --> 00:02:04,600 Speaker 1: for this in an email, and like seconds later an 32 00:02:04,600 --> 00:02:08,480 Speaker 1: email came in asking for this very topic. Yes, I've 33 00:02:08,520 --> 00:02:12,560 Speaker 1: answered that this morning and say, coincidentally, we're recording that today. 34 00:02:12,840 --> 00:02:16,040 Speaker 1: I don't get to do that very often. So portrayals 35 00:02:16,080 --> 00:02:19,000 Speaker 1: of this piece of Scottish and English history are often 36 00:02:19,320 --> 00:02:26,480 Speaker 1: simultaneously heavily romanticized and just phenomenally oversimplified. I thought this 37 00:02:26,680 --> 00:02:29,880 Speaker 1: episode was going to be a lot easier than it was, frankly, 38 00:02:29,960 --> 00:02:34,040 Speaker 1: before I really got into it. Um and a lot 39 00:02:34,080 --> 00:02:39,160 Speaker 1: of times these sort of historical fictionisque depictions play out 40 00:02:39,200 --> 00:02:42,640 Speaker 1: with Highland Scotts as these sort of noble savages and 41 00:02:42,680 --> 00:02:45,120 Speaker 1: they're fighting to put a scott back on the throne 42 00:02:45,240 --> 00:02:49,000 Speaker 1: of the of of Great Britain. And then, while the 43 00:02:49,000 --> 00:02:52,560 Speaker 1: Scottish Highlands were definitely home to a unique culture and 44 00:02:52,760 --> 00:02:56,160 Speaker 1: a unique social system, and the House of Stuart did 45 00:02:56,720 --> 00:03:00,280 Speaker 1: originate as a Scottish royal house, as is so often 46 00:03:00,360 --> 00:03:03,440 Speaker 1: the case, it is just way more complicated than that. 47 00:03:03,800 --> 00:03:06,120 Speaker 1: I sound a little tired because it has taken me 48 00:03:06,160 --> 00:03:09,960 Speaker 1: two and a half weeks to understand it. And you 49 00:03:09,960 --> 00:03:12,880 Speaker 1: could mark the beginning of this story at so many 50 00:03:12,919 --> 00:03:15,800 Speaker 1: places in the history of the British Isles. We're going 51 00:03:15,840 --> 00:03:18,960 Speaker 1: to start with the Glorious Revolution of sixteen eight to 52 00:03:19,040 --> 00:03:23,000 Speaker 1: sixteen eighty nine, more than fifty years before the uprising itself. 53 00:03:23,960 --> 00:03:27,080 Speaker 1: At that time, King James the seventh of Scotland and 54 00:03:27,200 --> 00:03:30,639 Speaker 1: second of England lost the throne to William of Orange, 55 00:03:30,960 --> 00:03:34,880 Speaker 1: stadholder of the Netherlands. William of Orange was both James's 56 00:03:34,920 --> 00:03:37,600 Speaker 1: nephew and his son in law thanks to his marriage 57 00:03:37,600 --> 00:03:41,520 Speaker 1: to marry the second James's daughter. James was Catholic, and 58 00:03:41,600 --> 00:03:44,640 Speaker 1: some of his pro Catholic policies, along with policies that 59 00:03:44,680 --> 00:03:49,280 Speaker 1: promoted tolerance of Protestant dissenters had really alienated a lot 60 00:03:49,320 --> 00:03:54,360 Speaker 1: of England's Protestant population. The birth of James's son, James 61 00:03:54,360 --> 00:03:58,080 Speaker 1: Francis Edwards Stewart, on June tenth of six meant that 62 00:03:58,120 --> 00:04:00,800 Speaker 1: the Catholic king would have a Catholic air, and this 63 00:04:00,880 --> 00:04:03,000 Speaker 1: was actually such a big deal that it spawned a 64 00:04:03,000 --> 00:04:07,480 Speaker 1: whole conspiracy theory. This conspiracy theory was that the infant James, 65 00:04:07,600 --> 00:04:10,840 Speaker 1: also known as the Old Pretender, was really an impostor 66 00:04:10,960 --> 00:04:13,840 Speaker 1: baby who had been sneaked into his mother's bed to 67 00:04:14,080 --> 00:04:17,360 Speaker 1: ensure that there would be a Catholic line of succession. 68 00:04:18,279 --> 00:04:22,839 Speaker 1: I don't know why imposture baby is the best phrase, like, 69 00:04:22,920 --> 00:04:27,720 Speaker 1: it's just witty. After the birth of James Edward, several 70 00:04:27,760 --> 00:04:31,560 Speaker 1: Protestant politicians went to William of Orange, also a Protestant, 71 00:04:32,040 --> 00:04:35,240 Speaker 1: inviting him to come to England, bring an army and 72 00:04:35,320 --> 00:04:39,440 Speaker 1: set things right. William was enemies with France, and French 73 00:04:39,480 --> 00:04:42,800 Speaker 1: power in Europe had been growing for decades. He thought 74 00:04:42,839 --> 00:04:45,200 Speaker 1: that if he was able to draw on the resources 75 00:04:45,240 --> 00:04:48,359 Speaker 1: of both Britain and the Netherlands, he'd be better able 76 00:04:48,400 --> 00:04:54,440 Speaker 1: to resist France's advances. After a series of desertions within 77 00:04:54,600 --> 00:04:59,320 Speaker 1: James's army and failed negotiations, the Stewarts eventually fled to France, 78 00:04:59,720 --> 00:05:02,200 Speaker 1: and with James gone, William of Orange and his wife 79 00:05:02,240 --> 00:05:05,720 Speaker 1: Mary took his place. A parliament was assembled, which ultimately 80 00:05:05,760 --> 00:05:08,960 Speaker 1: agreed to treat James's flight to France as an abdication 81 00:05:09,040 --> 00:05:11,599 Speaker 1: of the throne and to formally offer the crown to 82 00:05:11,760 --> 00:05:15,600 Speaker 1: William and Mary together. This, in a nutshell, is the 83 00:05:15,600 --> 00:05:20,760 Speaker 1: Glorious Revolution. During and after all of this, the Jacobites 84 00:05:20,760 --> 00:05:24,360 Speaker 1: were James's supporters, named after the Latin form of his name, 85 00:05:24,920 --> 00:05:28,240 Speaker 1: and there were lots of reasons people joined the Jacobite cause. 86 00:05:28,720 --> 00:05:32,000 Speaker 1: In Ireland, Religion was a big factor, since Catholicism was 87 00:05:32,000 --> 00:05:35,000 Speaker 1: the primary religion in most of Ireland and the Stewarts 88 00:05:35,000 --> 00:05:39,360 Speaker 1: were Catholic. In England, which didn't have a large Catholic population, 89 00:05:39,800 --> 00:05:44,039 Speaker 1: many Jacobites were Anglican but thought this parliamentary interference in 90 00:05:44,080 --> 00:05:47,880 Speaker 1: the line of royal succession was wrong. The Royal House 91 00:05:47,880 --> 00:05:50,760 Speaker 1: of Stewart itself hailed from Scotland, while the House of 92 00:05:50,800 --> 00:05:54,159 Speaker 1: Orange was Dutch, so the idea of restoring a Scottish 93 00:05:54,200 --> 00:05:56,800 Speaker 1: house to the throne was one of many roots of 94 00:05:56,880 --> 00:06:02,120 Speaker 1: Jacobite support in Scotland. The Laious Revolution is often described 95 00:06:02,160 --> 00:06:05,719 Speaker 1: as bloodless, but this was really only true in England. 96 00:06:06,160 --> 00:06:10,280 Speaker 1: Beginning almost immediately and continuing over the next six decades, 97 00:06:10,360 --> 00:06:15,039 Speaker 1: there were multiple violent attempts made, primarily from Scotland and Ireland, 98 00:06:15,279 --> 00:06:18,000 Speaker 1: to overthrow William and Mary and their successors and to 99 00:06:18,040 --> 00:06:22,080 Speaker 1: put James and his successors back on the throne. The 100 00:06:22,200 --> 00:06:25,000 Speaker 1: william Might War in Ireland, with the Jacobites on one 101 00:06:25,040 --> 00:06:27,359 Speaker 1: side and the william Mights on the other, began in 102 00:06:27,480 --> 00:06:30,480 Speaker 1: sixteen eighty nine and went on for two years, including 103 00:06:30,480 --> 00:06:34,039 Speaker 1: the July one Battle of the Boy in which both 104 00:06:34,279 --> 00:06:39,159 Speaker 1: William and James were present as monarchs on opposite sides. 105 00:06:39,880 --> 00:06:44,360 Speaker 1: Another organized rebellion, known as the Jacobite Rebellion of seventeen fifteen, 106 00:06:44,839 --> 00:06:49,799 Speaker 1: the fifteen Rebellion or Mars Rebellion, also played out unsuccessfully, 107 00:06:50,040 --> 00:06:53,160 Speaker 1: mainly in the Highlands of Scotland. It followed the death 108 00:06:53,160 --> 00:06:57,000 Speaker 1: of Queen Anne. Anne was Mary's sister and, apart from 109 00:06:57,120 --> 00:06:59,800 Speaker 1: James Edwards Stewart was the last of the House of 110 00:07:00,000 --> 00:07:04,840 Speaker 1: we were living at the time. Yeah The Stewart's yet 111 00:07:04,880 --> 00:07:06,720 Speaker 1: to come in the story had not been born yet. 112 00:07:07,680 --> 00:07:10,840 Speaker 1: There had actually been some discussion over the years of 113 00:07:10,880 --> 00:07:13,840 Speaker 1: restoring the House of Stewart to the throne under the 114 00:07:13,880 --> 00:07:16,840 Speaker 1: condition that they abandoned their Catholic religion, and that of 115 00:07:16,880 --> 00:07:21,000 Speaker 1: course had not flown so before Anne's death, her successor 116 00:07:21,080 --> 00:07:24,560 Speaker 1: had been established in the English Parliament's Act of Settlement 117 00:07:24,640 --> 00:07:28,360 Speaker 1: in seventeen o one, which also specified that the monarch 118 00:07:28,600 --> 00:07:32,200 Speaker 1: had to be Anglican. Per the terms of that Act, 119 00:07:32,680 --> 00:07:35,120 Speaker 1: the new monarch would come from the German Royal House 120 00:07:35,160 --> 00:07:38,960 Speaker 1: of Hanover. That first Hanover monarch was George the first 121 00:07:39,320 --> 00:07:43,240 Speaker 1: So the Jacobite Rebellion of seventeen fifteen tried and failed 122 00:07:43,480 --> 00:07:46,280 Speaker 1: to put James Francis Edward on the throne in spite 123 00:07:46,320 --> 00:07:50,720 Speaker 1: of the criteria outlined in the Act of Settlement. The 124 00:07:50,760 --> 00:07:55,000 Speaker 1: Williammite War and the fifteen Rebellion are just two examples. 125 00:07:55,480 --> 00:07:58,520 Speaker 1: When seventeen forty five rolled around, bringing with it the 126 00:07:58,560 --> 00:08:02,760 Speaker 1: most famous Jacobite rebellion, unsuccessful attempts to bring back the 127 00:08:02,800 --> 00:08:06,200 Speaker 1: Stewarts had been going on for decades, especially in Scotland 128 00:08:06,240 --> 00:08:08,920 Speaker 1: and Ireland. Some of these had been backed by France, 129 00:08:08,960 --> 00:08:12,960 Speaker 1: and in their wake, exiled Jacobite leaders had established communities 130 00:08:12,960 --> 00:08:17,080 Speaker 1: of sympathetic supporters on the mainland of Europe. By the 131 00:08:17,120 --> 00:08:20,800 Speaker 1: time the Jacobite Uprising of seventeen forty five occurred, the 132 00:08:20,880 --> 00:08:24,880 Speaker 1: Jacobite cause had advocated first for James the seventh and Second, 133 00:08:24,920 --> 00:08:27,680 Speaker 1: who died in seventeen oh one, and then for his 134 00:08:27,800 --> 00:08:30,800 Speaker 1: son James Edward, who was at this point still living. 135 00:08:31,440 --> 00:08:34,440 Speaker 1: A big player in the seventeen forty five uprising was 136 00:08:34,520 --> 00:08:39,360 Speaker 1: James Edwards son Charles Edwards Stewart, also known as Bonnie 137 00:08:39,400 --> 00:08:44,120 Speaker 1: Prince Charlie or the Young Pretender. We'll talk more about 138 00:08:44,160 --> 00:08:47,160 Speaker 1: Bonnie Prince Charlie and how the seventeen forty five rebellion 139 00:08:47,200 --> 00:09:00,200 Speaker 1: came about after a brief spotsor break to get act 140 00:09:00,240 --> 00:09:03,360 Speaker 1: the life of Bonnie Prince Charlie. Charles Stewart was born 141 00:09:03,440 --> 00:09:09,160 Speaker 1: on December thirty one, seventeen twenty, just before Charles turned twenty. 142 00:09:09,360 --> 00:09:13,320 Speaker 1: Holy Roman Emperor Charles the sixth died, and this destabilized 143 00:09:13,400 --> 00:09:16,880 Speaker 1: parts of Europe as his daughter Maria Teresa struggled to 144 00:09:16,960 --> 00:09:19,920 Speaker 1: retain the throne in what became known as the War 145 00:09:20,000 --> 00:09:25,640 Speaker 1: of Austrian Succession. France saw this chaos as an opportunity 146 00:09:25,720 --> 00:09:29,200 Speaker 1: to once again support the Jacobite cause and restore the 147 00:09:29,240 --> 00:09:33,760 Speaker 1: Stewart line to the throne. Although following the failure of 148 00:09:33,800 --> 00:09:37,120 Speaker 1: the fifteen rebellion that we discussed before the break, France 149 00:09:37,160 --> 00:09:40,800 Speaker 1: was reluctant to actually commit any troops to this endeavor. 150 00:09:41,760 --> 00:09:44,000 Speaker 1: It was a bit of a game of international will 151 00:09:44,080 --> 00:09:47,079 Speaker 1: they or won't they over the next five years, until finally, 152 00:09:47,200 --> 00:09:50,520 Speaker 1: in late seventeen forty four, James Edward, who was now 153 00:09:50,559 --> 00:09:53,920 Speaker 1: in his fifties, sent his son Charles from Rome to 154 00:09:54,040 --> 00:09:57,400 Speaker 1: Scotland in secret with the hope of rallying support for 155 00:09:57,440 --> 00:10:01,280 Speaker 1: the Jacobite cause. Charles went by way of France with 156 00:10:01,320 --> 00:10:05,480 Speaker 1: the hope of securing direct French support, and he did 157 00:10:05,520 --> 00:10:09,120 Speaker 1: actually get it, but things did not go according to plan. 158 00:10:09,960 --> 00:10:14,600 Speaker 1: Charles's disappearance from Rome did not go unnoticed, and England 159 00:10:14,640 --> 00:10:18,360 Speaker 1: pretty quickly intuited that an invasion was imminent, so it 160 00:10:18,400 --> 00:10:21,200 Speaker 1: positioned a fleet of ships to defend itself from a 161 00:10:21,240 --> 00:10:24,920 Speaker 1: French attack. So this fleet was large enough that when 162 00:10:24,920 --> 00:10:27,800 Speaker 1: the French troop transports caught sight of it, they turned 163 00:10:27,800 --> 00:10:32,400 Speaker 1: back and went back to France, where unusually stormy weather 164 00:10:32,880 --> 00:10:36,959 Speaker 1: destroyed or damaged most of them. This meant that once 165 00:10:37,320 --> 00:10:40,600 Speaker 1: Charles did actually get to England, he was basically on 166 00:10:40,679 --> 00:10:43,600 Speaker 1: his own without the fifteen thousand French troops that he 167 00:10:43,640 --> 00:10:46,600 Speaker 1: had been promised. He did, however, get a bit of 168 00:10:46,640 --> 00:10:50,439 Speaker 1: a boost on April thirtieth, seventeen forty five, when France 169 00:10:50,480 --> 00:10:54,840 Speaker 1: defeated British, Dutch, Austrian and Hanoverian forces at the Battle 170 00:10:54,840 --> 00:10:58,560 Speaker 1: of Fontinois, part of the ongoing War of Austrian Succession. 171 00:10:59,200 --> 00:11:02,720 Speaker 1: The English defeat boosted Jacobite morale and people began to 172 00:11:02,800 --> 00:11:06,440 Speaker 1: hope that they might see a similar victory on British soil. 173 00:11:08,960 --> 00:11:12,240 Speaker 1: Hoping that this victory would bolster his support in the 174 00:11:12,320 --> 00:11:15,560 Speaker 1: Highlands of Scotland, Charles made his way there. He had 175 00:11:15,600 --> 00:11:18,920 Speaker 1: a small entourage that sail for the western coast of Scotland, 176 00:11:19,320 --> 00:11:22,320 Speaker 1: dodging English vessels the whole way, and he arrived there 177 00:11:22,320 --> 00:11:27,280 Speaker 1: on July set. At this point, the Highlands of Scotland 178 00:11:27,320 --> 00:11:31,360 Speaker 1: were home to tight Ennit clans, which rolled family, civic, government, 179 00:11:31,440 --> 00:11:35,800 Speaker 1: and economic ties all into one unit. The clan system 180 00:11:35,840 --> 00:11:38,160 Speaker 1: had been in place for centuries, and it was a 181 00:11:38,200 --> 00:11:41,680 Speaker 1: sort of semi feudal system that both drew from an 182 00:11:41,720 --> 00:11:47,120 Speaker 1: influenced family relationships, communities and the region's economy. Members of 183 00:11:47,120 --> 00:11:50,920 Speaker 1: each clan lived together in communities that operated like joint 184 00:11:50,920 --> 00:11:55,200 Speaker 1: tenancy farms. The clan system was also quite militaristic, with 185 00:11:55,280 --> 00:11:58,480 Speaker 1: each clan maintaining a fighting force to both defend itself 186 00:11:58,520 --> 00:12:01,760 Speaker 1: from neighboring clans and to rate its neighbors for goods 187 00:12:01,760 --> 00:12:07,240 Speaker 1: and resources. So to rally a fighting force in the 188 00:12:07,280 --> 00:12:10,840 Speaker 1: highlands of Scotland, Charles had to convince clan leaders to 189 00:12:11,000 --> 00:12:13,520 Speaker 1: join him, and where they went their clans and their 190 00:12:13,559 --> 00:12:17,400 Speaker 1: clans fighting forces would also follow. And this at first 191 00:12:17,440 --> 00:12:20,480 Speaker 1: he really faced huge resistance. The clan leaders that he 192 00:12:20,559 --> 00:12:23,360 Speaker 1: met with were all unwilling to support him unless he 193 00:12:23,360 --> 00:12:26,520 Speaker 1: could provide actual troops to back him up. They all 194 00:12:26,720 --> 00:12:29,920 Speaker 1: remembered pretty well what had happened the last time the 195 00:12:30,000 --> 00:12:33,600 Speaker 1: Jacobites had tried to rebel, and he couldn't at that 196 00:12:33,640 --> 00:12:38,080 Speaker 1: point and offer them any actual troops support. He also 197 00:12:38,120 --> 00:12:40,959 Speaker 1: couldn't try to just go back to Rome because there 198 00:12:40,960 --> 00:12:45,160 Speaker 1: were English warships at every route of escape keeping him 199 00:12:45,200 --> 00:12:49,000 Speaker 1: from doing that exact thing. So, with the odds heavily 200 00:12:49,040 --> 00:12:51,800 Speaker 1: stacked against him, he started trying to win the support 201 00:12:51,840 --> 00:12:56,440 Speaker 1: of Donald Cameron of Lochiel, chief of Clan Cameron. Several 202 00:12:56,480 --> 00:12:59,679 Speaker 1: other clans sympathetic to the Jacobite cause had said they 203 00:12:59,679 --> 00:13:03,840 Speaker 1: would join if Lochiale did. Charles's argument was that while 204 00:13:03,880 --> 00:13:06,800 Speaker 1: he did not have the aid of foreign troops, nearly 205 00:13:06,840 --> 00:13:10,080 Speaker 1: the entire British military was occupied elsewhere due to the 206 00:13:10,080 --> 00:13:13,600 Speaker 1: War of Austrian Succession, so if the clans rallied their 207 00:13:13,600 --> 00:13:17,160 Speaker 1: forces at this point, they would have superior numbers, and 208 00:13:17,200 --> 00:13:20,280 Speaker 1: once France saw what the Jacobites could do with those numbers, 209 00:13:20,320 --> 00:13:25,079 Speaker 1: France would also send aid. Lachielle ultimately agreed, and as 210 00:13:25,080 --> 00:13:28,679 Speaker 1: they said they would, other clans began to commit their troops. 211 00:13:29,840 --> 00:13:31,959 Speaker 1: This is where I realized how much of this had 212 00:13:32,040 --> 00:13:36,680 Speaker 1: literally nothing to do with who was on the throne 213 00:13:36,760 --> 00:13:41,600 Speaker 1: of Great Britain. The whole lot of it was like, well, 214 00:13:41,600 --> 00:13:43,960 Speaker 1: we gotta, we gotta take advantage of the War of 215 00:13:44,000 --> 00:13:47,679 Speaker 1: Austrian Succession. Like France had its own motives, everybody, there 216 00:13:47,720 --> 00:13:49,840 Speaker 1: was a whole lot going on here that had other 217 00:13:49,960 --> 00:13:53,560 Speaker 1: motivations besides the straight up question of who was on 218 00:13:53,600 --> 00:13:58,720 Speaker 1: the throne. Uh Because Bonnie Prince Charlie knew that part 219 00:13:58,760 --> 00:14:01,560 Speaker 1: of his appeal in Sky Scotland was the idea of 220 00:14:01,600 --> 00:14:04,760 Speaker 1: restoring a Scottish house to the throne. He started adopting 221 00:14:04,800 --> 00:14:09,280 Speaker 1: traditional Highland dress, Saint Tartan and Kilts, and learning Scott's Gaelic. 222 00:14:10,200 --> 00:14:13,120 Speaker 1: By mid August, more than twelve hundred Highland Scotts had 223 00:14:13,160 --> 00:14:15,600 Speaker 1: joined the cause, including two hundred and eighty from the 224 00:14:15,600 --> 00:14:19,040 Speaker 1: Stewarts of Appen, three hundred from the McDonald's of Clan 225 00:14:19,080 --> 00:14:22,880 Speaker 1: Reynald or Clan Ranald, we were not certain on pronunciation there, 226 00:14:23,360 --> 00:14:26,360 Speaker 1: two hundred and fifty from Clan Cameron, and four hundred 227 00:14:26,400 --> 00:14:29,520 Speaker 1: from a combined force of the McDonald's of Glengarry and 228 00:14:29,560 --> 00:14:34,160 Speaker 1: the Grants of Glenn Morriston. Meanwhile, news of Charles's arrival 229 00:14:34,280 --> 00:14:36,920 Speaker 1: and his muster of clan forces in the highlands of 230 00:14:36,960 --> 00:14:40,840 Speaker 1: scott Scotland reached Edinburgh, and Sir John Cope, Commander in 231 00:14:40,880 --> 00:14:44,160 Speaker 1: chief of the regular forces in Scotland, started assembling a response. 232 00:14:44,840 --> 00:14:48,320 Speaker 1: Although Bonnie Prince Charlie had found support in the Highlands, 233 00:14:48,320 --> 00:14:51,760 Speaker 1: this support was actually far from universal. The leadership of 234 00:14:51,840 --> 00:14:55,120 Speaker 1: Clan Campbell in particular was loyal to George the Second, 235 00:14:55,160 --> 00:14:59,200 Speaker 1: and consequently the clan supported the king as well, whether 236 00:14:59,200 --> 00:15:00,960 Speaker 1: it was out of loyal to the monarch or to 237 00:15:01,000 --> 00:15:04,480 Speaker 1: the clan itself. There's also some argument to be made 238 00:15:04,480 --> 00:15:08,120 Speaker 1: that some of Clan Campbell's loyalties were influenced by seeing 239 00:15:08,160 --> 00:15:11,120 Speaker 1: this as an opportunity to get back at other clans 240 00:15:11,120 --> 00:15:16,200 Speaker 1: they had grievances with, including Clan Cameron. So the support 241 00:15:16,400 --> 00:15:21,280 Speaker 1: on the government side, which is how we're going to 242 00:15:21,360 --> 00:15:24,080 Speaker 1: refer to that UH, that force that sometimes was made 243 00:15:24,160 --> 00:15:27,880 Speaker 1: up of, you know, not only people from the lowlands 244 00:15:27,920 --> 00:15:31,080 Speaker 1: of Scotland which didn't have quite as much emotional ties 245 00:15:31,120 --> 00:15:34,080 Speaker 1: to what was going on UH and clan forces that 246 00:15:34,200 --> 00:15:40,520 Speaker 1: were supportive of the current reigning monarch. Through the summer 247 00:15:40,640 --> 00:15:44,560 Speaker 1: and early fall, the Jacobite and governmental forces followed one 248 00:15:44,600 --> 00:15:48,760 Speaker 1: another around a huge swath of the Scottish Highlands. First, 249 00:15:48,800 --> 00:15:52,680 Speaker 1: the Jacobite force fortified itself at kri Eric Pass with 250 00:15:52,720 --> 00:15:55,920 Speaker 1: the hope of meeting the Loyalist force there, but Cope, 251 00:15:55,960 --> 00:15:59,640 Speaker 1: having received intelligence of what Charles was planning, diverted his 252 00:15:59,720 --> 00:16:02,800 Speaker 1: force is to Inverness, hoping to meet the Jacobites on 253 00:16:02,840 --> 00:16:06,800 Speaker 1: more favorable ground. This plan might have given Cope the 254 00:16:06,880 --> 00:16:10,040 Speaker 1: upper hand if the Jacobite force had actually pursued him 255 00:16:10,080 --> 00:16:13,520 Speaker 1: to Inverness. Instead, Charles decided to take advantage of the 256 00:16:13,520 --> 00:16:17,720 Speaker 1: fact that the Scottish capital of Edinburgh was now virtually undefended, 257 00:16:17,880 --> 00:16:21,040 Speaker 1: and he decided to take over it, continuing to recruit 258 00:16:21,080 --> 00:16:24,359 Speaker 1: more troops and raised funds through taxation along the way 259 00:16:24,480 --> 00:16:27,680 Speaker 1: that Jacobites also occupied the city of Perth as they 260 00:16:27,680 --> 00:16:32,760 Speaker 1: made their way to Edinburgh. As Cope realized his error 261 00:16:32,800 --> 00:16:36,600 Speaker 1: in leaving Edinburgh undefended, he retreated back to it by sea, 262 00:16:37,080 --> 00:16:41,320 Speaker 1: hoping that he would arrive before Charles did, and he 263 00:16:41,440 --> 00:16:45,080 Speaker 1: did not. Edinburgh was defended by the city Guard only 264 00:16:45,800 --> 00:16:48,240 Speaker 1: uh and that meant only about six hundred troops, who 265 00:16:48,240 --> 00:16:51,320 Speaker 1: were commanded by an eighties seven year old man who 266 00:16:51,320 --> 00:16:53,800 Speaker 1: had to be carried on a stretcher. This is not 267 00:16:53,880 --> 00:16:57,720 Speaker 1: exactly a vital military force. After a couple of days 268 00:16:57,720 --> 00:17:01,080 Speaker 1: of negotiations with the city attempting to look much more 269 00:17:01,120 --> 00:17:03,880 Speaker 1: defended than it really was, a few hundred of the 270 00:17:03,960 --> 00:17:07,680 Speaker 1: Jacobite force basically forced their way in as a negotiator 271 00:17:07,840 --> 00:17:11,320 Speaker 1: tried to return to the city on September seventeenth, So 272 00:17:11,359 --> 00:17:14,960 Speaker 1: the Jacobites took control of Scotland's capital, with the exception 273 00:17:14,960 --> 00:17:18,560 Speaker 1: of Edinburgh Castle, with almost no effort at all. Although 274 00:17:18,560 --> 00:17:21,359 Speaker 1: the troops in the castle would pester the Jacobite force 275 00:17:21,720 --> 00:17:25,200 Speaker 1: for the whole time that they occupied the city. While 276 00:17:25,320 --> 00:17:28,640 Speaker 1: Charles's force was able to rally a little more support 277 00:17:28,680 --> 00:17:32,280 Speaker 1: from Edinburgh, giving him about two thousand, four hundred men total, 278 00:17:32,359 --> 00:17:36,080 Speaker 1: he still wasn't armed very well. Although they basically walked 279 00:17:36,119 --> 00:17:39,919 Speaker 1: into an essentially undefended Edinburgh, the City of Edinburgh had 280 00:17:39,960 --> 00:17:42,080 Speaker 1: had the sense to store all of their weapons in 281 00:17:42,119 --> 00:17:45,720 Speaker 1: the castle, which the Jacobite force couldn't get into. So 282 00:17:45,880 --> 00:17:49,080 Speaker 1: when Charles heard that Cope was headed toward the village 283 00:17:49,080 --> 00:17:52,120 Speaker 1: of Preston, he decided to follow suit with an army 284 00:17:52,200 --> 00:17:55,360 Speaker 1: that was bigger than it had been before, but not 285 00:17:55,480 --> 00:17:59,919 Speaker 1: necessarily better armed than what the loyalists or the governmental 286 00:18:00,040 --> 00:18:04,760 Speaker 1: side had. In late September, both forces converged on the 287 00:18:04,840 --> 00:18:09,200 Speaker 1: village of Preston Penns. Cope's force found a defensible position 288 00:18:09,280 --> 00:18:12,840 Speaker 1: near the neighboring village of Trenent. At first, the Jacobite 289 00:18:12,880 --> 00:18:15,200 Speaker 1: force took the high ground to the south and then 290 00:18:15,280 --> 00:18:17,960 Speaker 1: realized a marsh at the bottom of the hill would 291 00:18:18,000 --> 00:18:22,080 Speaker 1: keep them from actually reaching the governmental army. Cope, of course, 292 00:18:22,119 --> 00:18:24,959 Speaker 1: had not expected an attack from across a marsh and 293 00:18:25,000 --> 00:18:28,040 Speaker 1: had to redeploy his forces to face the ill placed 294 00:18:28,119 --> 00:18:32,800 Speaker 1: Jacobite army early in the morning of September one, partially 295 00:18:32,880 --> 00:18:36,200 Speaker 1: hidden by very misty weather. The Jacobite army used a 296 00:18:36,240 --> 00:18:38,600 Speaker 1: small footpath that one of the locals had told them 297 00:18:38,600 --> 00:18:42,320 Speaker 1: about to reach Cope's force. The Highland Force charged the 298 00:18:42,320 --> 00:18:45,640 Speaker 1: Loyalist army, which was basically hemmed in without enough room 299 00:18:45,680 --> 00:18:50,720 Speaker 1: to really maneuver maneuver. The governmental force was also pretty 300 00:18:50,800 --> 00:18:52,960 Speaker 1: much taken by surprise. They had been alerted to the 301 00:18:52,960 --> 00:18:55,000 Speaker 1: fact that something was going on by a barking dog, 302 00:18:55,160 --> 00:18:58,320 Speaker 1: but that really added more to the chaos than actually 303 00:18:58,760 --> 00:19:02,040 Speaker 1: allowing them to play in a response. In less than 304 00:19:02,119 --> 00:19:06,119 Speaker 1: ten minutes, Cope's army was effectively routed. There were about 305 00:19:06,119 --> 00:19:09,840 Speaker 1: thirty five deaths and seventy five injuries among the Jacobite force, 306 00:19:10,200 --> 00:19:12,920 Speaker 1: while cope sides saw about a hundred and fifty deaths 307 00:19:12,960 --> 00:19:17,040 Speaker 1: and at least one thousand taken. Prisoner Bonnie Prince Charlie 308 00:19:17,080 --> 00:19:21,120 Speaker 1: also took Cope's military chest, which contained between three thousand 309 00:19:21,160 --> 00:19:26,239 Speaker 1: and four thousand pounds. This whole incident was recently on 310 00:19:26,280 --> 00:19:30,000 Speaker 1: an episode of Outlander, doing more or less pretty much 311 00:19:30,280 --> 00:19:35,120 Speaker 1: what we just described here. Actually uh, and probably other 312 00:19:35,119 --> 00:19:36,639 Speaker 1: things we're going to talk about soon are going to 313 00:19:36,680 --> 00:19:39,080 Speaker 1: be in future episodes of Outlander that will have actually 314 00:19:39,080 --> 00:19:41,040 Speaker 1: come out by the time this episode comes out, so 315 00:19:41,080 --> 00:19:45,320 Speaker 1: that's a weird time travel for everyone. Anyway, Afterward, the 316 00:19:45,400 --> 00:19:48,720 Speaker 1: Jacobite force was exuberant. Not only had they outrun and 317 00:19:48,800 --> 00:19:52,040 Speaker 1: outmaneuvered the British Army, taken Perth and taken Edinburgh and 318 00:19:52,040 --> 00:19:55,560 Speaker 1: then soundly defeated the army on the battlefield that also 319 00:19:55,800 --> 00:19:58,479 Speaker 1: had the size of the opposing force. And then they 320 00:19:58,480 --> 00:20:02,040 Speaker 1: had come away with much better funding thanks to the 321 00:20:02,080 --> 00:20:06,480 Speaker 1: governmental war chest that they made away with. But this, however, 322 00:20:06,880 --> 00:20:09,360 Speaker 1: was not to last. So we're going to talk more 323 00:20:09,400 --> 00:20:12,240 Speaker 1: about how things progressed after we pause for a brief 324 00:20:12,280 --> 00:20:26,879 Speaker 1: word from one of our fantastic sponsors. Unsurprisingly, after the 325 00:20:26,920 --> 00:20:31,520 Speaker 1: Battle of Preston Pans, the Jacobites were a little bit overconfident. 326 00:20:32,200 --> 00:20:34,960 Speaker 1: They had hoped that the victory would rally foreign support 327 00:20:35,000 --> 00:20:40,000 Speaker 1: to their cause, and the victory had been decisive, So 328 00:20:40,080 --> 00:20:43,920 Speaker 1: for about six weeks, the Jacobites continued to occupy Edinburgh 329 00:20:43,960 --> 00:20:47,680 Speaker 1: and tried to get Louis to send real actual support 330 00:20:47,800 --> 00:20:51,040 Speaker 1: from France. They also tried to recruit more Scots to 331 00:20:51,080 --> 00:20:54,199 Speaker 1: their army, which they did, although most of this support 332 00:20:54,240 --> 00:20:58,480 Speaker 1: came from outside, not within Edinburgh. The population of Edinburgh 333 00:20:58,560 --> 00:21:00,480 Speaker 1: was kind of like, we'll let you be yere because 334 00:21:00,480 --> 00:21:05,080 Speaker 1: you have weapons, but we don't really care to join 335 00:21:05,119 --> 00:21:10,439 Speaker 1: your cause. Eventually, France, while still declining to send actual troops, 336 00:21:10,560 --> 00:21:15,480 Speaker 1: did send some weapons. Meanwhile, England got to work recovering 337 00:21:15,640 --> 00:21:19,160 Speaker 1: from the defeat at Preston Pans, including pressing people into 338 00:21:19,200 --> 00:21:23,200 Speaker 1: service and recalling forces that had been fighting elsewhere in Europe. 339 00:21:23,920 --> 00:21:27,040 Speaker 1: Field Marshal George Wade, who was actually responsible for the 340 00:21:27,080 --> 00:21:30,000 Speaker 1: construction for most of the military roads the armies were 341 00:21:30,000 --> 00:21:33,920 Speaker 1: traveling on, was in command of one force. William, Duke 342 00:21:33,960 --> 00:21:37,719 Speaker 1: of Cumberland, George the second third son, was recalled from 343 00:21:37,800 --> 00:21:43,720 Speaker 1: Holland to command another. Hearing about these forces, Charles started 344 00:21:43,760 --> 00:21:46,720 Speaker 1: pushing to move his army and try to strike before 345 00:21:46,760 --> 00:21:51,120 Speaker 1: the governmental forces got too big to be beaten. His advisers, though, 346 00:21:51,240 --> 00:21:53,840 Speaker 1: kept cautioning him to wait. They didn't think they were 347 00:21:53,840 --> 00:21:56,640 Speaker 1: going to be successful at that point, and he finally 348 00:21:56,840 --> 00:22:00,760 Speaker 1: wound up dividing his force into two columns to proceed 349 00:22:00,800 --> 00:22:04,080 Speaker 1: towards Carlisle in England. Basically, the idea was they were 350 00:22:04,080 --> 00:22:06,800 Speaker 1: going to keep pressing forward until they actually got to London. 351 00:22:07,800 --> 00:22:11,919 Speaker 1: Charles now had five thousand infantry and five cavalry, and 352 00:22:12,000 --> 00:22:15,399 Speaker 1: he was much better armed, rested, and trained than before 353 00:22:15,520 --> 00:22:19,119 Speaker 1: this several weeks stay in Edinburgh. While this is often 354 00:22:19,200 --> 00:22:23,600 Speaker 1: portrayed as Charles commanding an army of Highland Scott's, by 355 00:22:23,640 --> 00:22:26,359 Speaker 1: this point the army was really much broader than that. 356 00:22:26,800 --> 00:22:31,040 Speaker 1: There were thirteen Highland clan regiments plus five Lowland regiments. 357 00:22:31,520 --> 00:22:34,680 Speaker 1: They also had thirteen pieces of artillery, some sent from 358 00:22:34,680 --> 00:22:38,160 Speaker 1: France and some recovered from the field at Preston Pans, 359 00:22:39,800 --> 00:22:42,560 Speaker 1: although they did have some desertions along the way because 360 00:22:42,560 --> 00:22:44,760 Speaker 1: at this point the army was getting farther and farther 361 00:22:44,800 --> 00:22:48,400 Speaker 1: away from home. Both prongs of the Jacobite force did 362 00:22:48,440 --> 00:22:52,880 Speaker 1: reach Carlile's successfully and convinced the mayor to surrender both 363 00:22:52,920 --> 00:22:56,400 Speaker 1: the town and the castle, this time having learned from 364 00:22:56,440 --> 00:22:59,440 Speaker 1: having not had the castle when they were in Edinburgh 365 00:22:59,720 --> 00:23:03,040 Speaker 1: jack bites. The Jacobites availed themselves of the town supply 366 00:23:03,119 --> 00:23:06,560 Speaker 1: of gunpowder, ammunition, and muskets, along with a large number 367 00:23:06,600 --> 00:23:10,720 Speaker 1: of broadswords that had been confiscated from Jacobite rebels during 368 00:23:10,760 --> 00:23:13,320 Speaker 1: the fifteen rebellions. Those were still hanging around from the 369 00:23:13,400 --> 00:23:18,480 Speaker 1: last big Jacobite uprising, and this is where things started 370 00:23:18,520 --> 00:23:21,879 Speaker 1: to go a little arrive for the Jacobite Army. They 371 00:23:21,880 --> 00:23:25,000 Speaker 1: couldn't stay in Carlisle. If they did, the government force 372 00:23:25,160 --> 00:23:28,080 Speaker 1: might pen them in, and Charles said that he had 373 00:23:28,119 --> 00:23:31,919 Speaker 1: intelligence of more Jacobites support at other towns in the area. 374 00:23:32,440 --> 00:23:35,840 Speaker 1: So they left Carlisle, intending to gather that support as 375 00:23:35,880 --> 00:23:40,919 Speaker 1: they went. Support didn't really come, though. The towns they 376 00:23:40,920 --> 00:23:43,680 Speaker 1: were passing through didn't really care, or at least didn't 377 00:23:43,760 --> 00:23:46,680 Speaker 1: care enough to join them. It became clear that there 378 00:23:46,720 --> 00:23:49,920 Speaker 1: really wasn't a lot of Jacobite support to be rallied 379 00:23:49,920 --> 00:23:53,199 Speaker 1: in northern England, or at least not enough support to 380 00:23:53,320 --> 00:23:57,760 Speaker 1: justify the risks of staying in England. Eventually, Charles's Council 381 00:23:57,800 --> 00:24:00,840 Speaker 1: of War convinced him that retreating back to Scotland was 382 00:24:00,920 --> 00:24:04,680 Speaker 1: his only option, and that retreat began on December six 383 00:24:04,840 --> 00:24:08,040 Speaker 1: of seventeen forty five, and by this point the Jacobite 384 00:24:08,119 --> 00:24:11,320 Speaker 1: army was starting to show signs of strain. Quite a 385 00:24:11,320 --> 00:24:14,280 Speaker 1: bit of equipment was left behind in Derby, where the 386 00:24:14,359 --> 00:24:17,680 Speaker 1: army had been billeted, and many of them hadn't been 387 00:24:17,720 --> 00:24:20,320 Speaker 1: told they were going to Scotland, and they were furious 388 00:24:20,359 --> 00:24:22,639 Speaker 1: when they learned they were not actually in pursuit of 389 00:24:22,680 --> 00:24:25,640 Speaker 1: the Duke of Cumberland and then pressing on to London. 390 00:24:27,359 --> 00:24:30,640 Speaker 1: As their journey progressed back northward, the towns they passed 391 00:24:30,640 --> 00:24:34,520 Speaker 1: through went from being unimpressed by their efforts to actively hostile. 392 00:24:35,119 --> 00:24:37,639 Speaker 1: More than once since the Jacobite forest moved north in 393 00:24:37,720 --> 00:24:41,920 Speaker 1: early December, the towns they approached actually fired upon them. 394 00:24:41,960 --> 00:24:45,159 Speaker 1: They wound up reaching Scotland after a treacherous crossing of 395 00:24:45,200 --> 00:24:51,000 Speaker 1: the River Esk on December twenty. On January seventeen, seventeen 396 00:24:51,080 --> 00:24:54,800 Speaker 1: forty six, Jacobite and Governmental forces met at the Battle 397 00:24:54,840 --> 00:24:59,080 Speaker 1: of Falkirk, an overall chaotic and disorganized event in which 398 00:24:59,119 --> 00:25:03,120 Speaker 1: both sides claim to be the victors. Neither built upon 399 00:25:03,200 --> 00:25:07,479 Speaker 1: this supposed victory, though the Jacobite force continued to retreat 400 00:25:07,480 --> 00:25:11,480 Speaker 1: towards Inverness and the Hanoverian force, heavily slowed down by 401 00:25:11,520 --> 00:25:14,800 Speaker 1: their supply carts and other equipment, decided to wait out 402 00:25:14,840 --> 00:25:18,720 Speaker 1: the winter until travel conditions were better. So the winter 403 00:25:18,880 --> 00:25:22,479 Speaker 1: passed without a lot of organized action on either side, 404 00:25:22,520 --> 00:25:26,119 Speaker 1: but the winter itself was really hard. The Jacobite forest 405 00:25:26,240 --> 00:25:29,000 Speaker 1: lost a lot of men through desertions, and after the 406 00:25:29,000 --> 00:25:33,000 Speaker 1: winter their supplies were critically low. That also run out 407 00:25:33,000 --> 00:25:35,520 Speaker 1: of money, and even if they'd had money, the British 408 00:25:35,600 --> 00:25:38,240 Speaker 1: Navy had formed a blockade to keep them from eight 409 00:25:38,280 --> 00:25:41,919 Speaker 1: being able to resupply, so when it came to the 410 00:25:41,920 --> 00:25:45,800 Speaker 1: final battle on Colloden More, just a little ways away 411 00:25:45,840 --> 00:25:49,720 Speaker 1: from Inverness in April of seventeen forty six, the Jacobite 412 00:25:49,760 --> 00:25:52,359 Speaker 1: force was down from a peak of about eight thousand 413 00:25:52,440 --> 00:25:55,639 Speaker 1: men to less than five thousand infantry and a hundred 414 00:25:55,640 --> 00:25:59,000 Speaker 1: and fifty cavalry. Cumberland's army, on the other hand, had 415 00:25:59,040 --> 00:26:02,480 Speaker 1: more than nine end, some of whom were Highlanders that 416 00:26:02,520 --> 00:26:07,000 Speaker 1: were loyal to the Hanoverian succession. Cumberland's force was better 417 00:26:07,040 --> 00:26:10,760 Speaker 1: trained and better armed than the Jacobites. It's artillery volleys 418 00:26:10,760 --> 00:26:13,719 Speaker 1: are more effective. While many of the Jacobite force were 419 00:26:13,800 --> 00:26:16,280 Speaker 1: armed with swords and shields and charged in for hand 420 00:26:16,320 --> 00:26:20,119 Speaker 1: to hand combat, Cumberland's force nearly all had muskets and 421 00:26:20,119 --> 00:26:22,800 Speaker 1: were able to shoot them down. One portion of the 422 00:26:22,880 --> 00:26:26,320 Speaker 1: Jacobite force actually got bogged down in Marshy ground and 423 00:26:26,400 --> 00:26:31,119 Speaker 1: never even reached Cumberland's lines before being killed. The Battle 424 00:26:31,160 --> 00:26:34,960 Speaker 1: of Colloden was over in just forty minutes. About two 425 00:26:34,960 --> 00:26:39,560 Speaker 1: thousand Jacobites were killed, wounded or taken prisoner. Cumberland, on 426 00:26:39,600 --> 00:26:42,040 Speaker 1: the other hand, had only about fifty dead and two 427 00:26:42,080 --> 00:26:45,760 Speaker 1: hundred and fifty wounded. Nearly all of the Jacobite deaths 428 00:26:45,760 --> 00:26:48,840 Speaker 1: were Highland Scots, as the Lowland regiments had been in 429 00:26:48,880 --> 00:26:53,359 Speaker 1: a second line to cover the retreat, while some of 430 00:26:53,400 --> 00:26:56,359 Speaker 1: the Jacobite force were ready to press on and find 431 00:26:56,440 --> 00:26:59,760 Speaker 1: some way to recover from their defeat at Colloden, Bonnie 432 00:26:59,800 --> 00:27:03,359 Speaker 1: Prey Charlie issued his final order as quote, let every 433 00:27:03,400 --> 00:27:06,800 Speaker 1: man seek his own safety as best he can. He 434 00:27:06,880 --> 00:27:10,959 Speaker 1: ultimately fled, went into hiding and escaped Scotland disguised as 435 00:27:11,000 --> 00:27:14,240 Speaker 1: a maid servant to a woman named Flora McDonald. The 436 00:27:14,320 --> 00:27:17,919 Speaker 1: consequences of the Jacobite uprising of seventeen forty five on 437 00:27:17,960 --> 00:27:22,720 Speaker 1: the Highlands of Scotland were devastating. Cumberland moved through the 438 00:27:22,760 --> 00:27:26,600 Speaker 1: area for several weeks on a campaign of destruction and retribution. 439 00:27:27,359 --> 00:27:31,960 Speaker 1: His force destroyed buildings, including Catholic and Episcopalian churches, as 440 00:27:32,000 --> 00:27:35,719 Speaker 1: well as homes and public buildings. He drove off cattle 441 00:27:36,080 --> 00:27:40,400 Speaker 1: and destroyed plows belonging to known or suspected Jacobite leaders. 442 00:27:42,359 --> 00:27:45,280 Speaker 1: The Highland Scots were ordered to surrender their arms, and 443 00:27:45,359 --> 00:27:49,320 Speaker 1: fugitives fleeing from Cumberland's force headed farther into the Highlands, 444 00:27:49,359 --> 00:27:52,879 Speaker 1: where many of them died of starvation. There were also 445 00:27:53,000 --> 00:27:57,720 Speaker 1: wanton and random shootings, as well as rapes. Jacobite leaders, 446 00:27:57,840 --> 00:28:02,480 Speaker 1: sympathizers and suspected sympathy asers were hanged, and several peers 447 00:28:02,600 --> 00:28:06,240 Speaker 1: known to have Jacobite leanings were beheaded. The people who 448 00:28:06,240 --> 00:28:08,960 Speaker 1: were tried were sentenced to death, but their sentences were 449 00:28:09,000 --> 00:28:14,520 Speaker 1: commuted to lifetime indentured labor and being transported elsewhere, and 450 00:28:14,600 --> 00:28:17,080 Speaker 1: many of the elements of Highland life that had made 451 00:28:17,080 --> 00:28:21,160 Speaker 1: the Regent's culture so distinctive were outlawed, including the wearing 452 00:28:21,160 --> 00:28:25,800 Speaker 1: of tartan and traditional Highland dress. The Highland clearances followed, 453 00:28:25,840 --> 00:28:29,840 Speaker 1: in which whole extended families were systematically evicted over the 454 00:28:29,880 --> 00:28:33,760 Speaker 1: course of a century. The clan system couldn't survive in 455 00:28:33,800 --> 00:28:36,720 Speaker 1: the face of all of this destruction and displacement, and 456 00:28:36,760 --> 00:28:41,040 Speaker 1: it was effectively wiped out. Yeah While the clans themselves 457 00:28:41,080 --> 00:28:44,520 Speaker 1: as families and family names and and you know, family 458 00:28:44,600 --> 00:28:49,040 Speaker 1: trees still exist. That system of government and economics doesn't 459 00:28:49,200 --> 00:28:52,520 Speaker 1: exist anymore and was wiped out basically immediately. This is 460 00:28:52,560 --> 00:28:56,320 Speaker 1: one of the reasons why the whole, the whole uprising 461 00:28:57,280 --> 00:29:01,200 Speaker 1: uh In in modern retellings is often treated in such 462 00:29:01,240 --> 00:29:04,840 Speaker 1: a romanticized way because of this idea that there was 463 00:29:04,880 --> 00:29:12,440 Speaker 1: a unique local culture that was effectively wiped out in retaliation. Afterward, Bonnie, 464 00:29:12,480 --> 00:29:17,000 Speaker 1: Prince Charlie went into exile on September six and he 465 00:29:17,080 --> 00:29:21,400 Speaker 1: never returned to Scotland. He died in Sight, having become 466 00:29:21,600 --> 00:29:25,880 Speaker 1: quite bitter and having developed problems with alcohol. And although 467 00:29:25,880 --> 00:29:28,320 Speaker 1: he had a brother, that brother died without an heir, 468 00:29:28,600 --> 00:29:31,200 Speaker 1: and that put an end to the House of Stewart. 469 00:29:32,160 --> 00:29:37,040 Speaker 1: That's kind of a downer ending, but everybody wanted it. 470 00:29:38,720 --> 00:29:41,600 Speaker 1: So many people wanted and if you watch Outlander, this 471 00:29:41,680 --> 00:29:44,560 Speaker 1: episode is coming out like towards the end of this 472 00:29:44,600 --> 00:29:47,520 Speaker 1: season of Outlander, and the season of Outlander has really 473 00:29:47,560 --> 00:29:51,400 Speaker 1: got a lot of this part of history as kind 474 00:29:51,400 --> 00:29:55,560 Speaker 1: of a backdrop and definitely has the the running theme 475 00:29:55,760 --> 00:29:59,240 Speaker 1: of the Highland culture is going to be destroyed if 476 00:29:59,280 --> 00:30:01,600 Speaker 1: the Battle of Load and doesn't go our way like 477 00:30:01,680 --> 00:30:07,080 Speaker 1: that's that's said and almost those exact words more than 478 00:30:07,160 --> 00:30:12,720 Speaker 1: one time. Um. The there is some arguments that we 479 00:30:12,800 --> 00:30:14,920 Speaker 1: made the at least some people in the Highlands of 480 00:30:14,960 --> 00:30:17,960 Speaker 1: Scotland who were in favor of a Stewart restoration to 481 00:30:18,000 --> 00:30:23,200 Speaker 1: the throne. We're hoping to preserve the clan system of life, 482 00:30:23,280 --> 00:30:26,640 Speaker 1: not so much just clans as families and relationships, but 483 00:30:26,720 --> 00:30:31,000 Speaker 1: like the clan system um as a social and economic system. 484 00:30:31,240 --> 00:30:34,640 Speaker 1: They were hoping that a Stewart restoration would preserve that 485 00:30:34,680 --> 00:30:37,320 Speaker 1: for a little while, because at this point the Lowlands 486 00:30:37,360 --> 00:30:40,800 Speaker 1: of Scotland had become much more urban and much more 487 00:30:40,840 --> 00:30:44,360 Speaker 1: similar to how things operated socially and economically in England 488 00:30:44,920 --> 00:30:50,240 Speaker 1: um and and a lot of the clans were really 489 00:30:50,520 --> 00:30:54,400 Speaker 1: reluctant to see that sort of change starting to already 490 00:30:54,400 --> 00:30:58,640 Speaker 1: happen in the Highlands before the Jacobite rebellions begans. They 491 00:30:58,640 --> 00:31:01,320 Speaker 1: were sort of hoping to stave off that change a 492 00:31:01,320 --> 00:31:11,960 Speaker 1: little longer, uh, none of which was unfortunately successful. Thanks 493 00:31:11,960 --> 00:31:14,640 Speaker 1: so much for joining us on this Saturday. Since this 494 00:31:14,720 --> 00:31:16,760 Speaker 1: episode is out of the archive, if you heard an 495 00:31:16,760 --> 00:31:19,480 Speaker 1: email address or Facebook U r L or something similar 496 00:31:19,520 --> 00:31:22,360 Speaker 1: over the course of the show that could be obsolete now. 497 00:31:22,760 --> 00:31:26,960 Speaker 1: Our current email address is History Podcast at i heart 498 00:31:27,160 --> 00:31:30,760 Speaker 1: radio dot com. Our old health stuff works email address 499 00:31:30,760 --> 00:31:33,360 Speaker 1: no longer works, and you can find us all over 500 00:31:33,440 --> 00:31:37,040 Speaker 1: social media at missed in History. 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