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Speaker 1: Hey guys, exciting news. I'm really really stoked about this.

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Speaker 1: On March seventh, at noon Pacific Standard time, Team Sideways

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Speaker 1: is going to host an a m A on the

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Speaker 1: Unresolved Mysteries subreddit on Reddit. Pretty exciting. Hell yeah, yeah,

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Speaker 1: So the mods will post an announcement a week prior,

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Speaker 1: so if you can't join us at that time, at

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Speaker 1: that date, you can post your questions there. Um, please

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Speaker 1: don't email us questions will lose them and forget them.

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Speaker 1: Let's try and contain this just to Reddit. But we're

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Speaker 1: super excited and uh yeah, so if you can join us. Sorry,

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Speaker 1: just in case somebody you know, five years from now,

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Speaker 1: I was listening to this episode, not two thousand seventeen.

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Speaker 1: This is not true yourself two thousand seventeen. Sorry, Thinking Sideways.

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Speaker 1: I don't understand. You never know stories of things we

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Speaker 1: symply don't know the answer too. Well, Hey everybody, and

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Speaker 1: welcome back again to another episode of Thinking Sideways. I

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Speaker 1: am Steve, of course, I am joined by he just

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Speaker 1: adjusted to the middle of us. I don't know what

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Speaker 1: you're pointing at that. I thought it was ahead I did,

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Speaker 1: so we're off to a rock and good start. Sorry. Well,

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Speaker 1: this week, we of course have another mystery that we

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Speaker 1: want to bring to you. This one has no dead bodies, no, no,

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Speaker 1: just not know people at all. Really. Nah, well, I

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Speaker 1: think I have one specific person in this story that

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Speaker 1: I talked about me too, But yeah, no, mostly this

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Speaker 1: is no people. Well I didn't do any research on

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Speaker 1: It's got some gophers in yeah, it's got some critters. Yeah.

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Speaker 1: What we're going to talk about today is glo oject mystery,

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Speaker 1: and it's kind of geographically specific. Our subject is what

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Speaker 1: is known as the Mima Mounds. And if you've never

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Speaker 1: heard of these, but you've read this on the internet,

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Speaker 1: you might think that the name is Mima, which I

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Speaker 1: was under the false understanding that was the name too,

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Speaker 1: until I started watching some YouTube videos and realized that

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Speaker 1: I was pronouncing it incorrectly. The Mima Mounds are located

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Speaker 1: in Washington State. They are they're near Olympia tom Water

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Speaker 1: area of Washington, kind of like if folks have seen

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Speaker 1: maps of Washington New Puget Sound is they're like southeast

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Speaker 1: of Pugaty there in the southwestern portion of the state.

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Speaker 1: Their name comes from the actual area that they're located in,

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Speaker 1: which is known as the Mima Prairie, and you will

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Speaker 1: come across mounds like this, which we're gonna give some

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Speaker 1: description of this, So bear with me here. We're going

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Speaker 1: to describe them a little bit. But this kind of

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Speaker 1: mound is found in other places in the continental United States,

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Speaker 1: as well as other places across the globe. I think

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Speaker 1: the only place that this kind of structure is not

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Speaker 1: found as Antarctica. And well that's because it's mostly ice.

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Speaker 1: It's probably probably found the possibly, I don't know if

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Speaker 1: that's true, but they're they're relatively consistent all across the US.

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Speaker 1: But again, I'm gonna focus on the ones that are

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Speaker 1: in Washington, so we're gonna just work on those. But

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Speaker 1: if you do see some research on these and other

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Speaker 1: areas of the country, you'll see him referred to as

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Speaker 1: prairie mounds, pimple mounds, hog hog wallow mounds. There's a

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Speaker 1: few others that are out there. But the mystery, of

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Speaker 1: course about these things is that nobody knows how they

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Speaker 1: were made or how they were formed. That's the interesting

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Speaker 1: thing is that the they know all about all kinds

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Speaker 1: of limestone cave. Hey, they figured it out played tectonics,

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Speaker 1: they figured that out. Too, but they can't figure out

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Speaker 1: these stupid little amounts. I don't get it. Well, maybe

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Speaker 1: you will after this, Maybe we'll solve it. Maybe probably

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Speaker 1: I doubt it. The mim amounts, to give you a

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Speaker 1: description of them, are round dome like bulges of the

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Speaker 1: soil that are raised above the plane of the surrounding landscape.

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Speaker 1: So here's here's the description. They will range anywhere from

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Speaker 1: ten feet to over a hundred and sixty ft across. Wow.

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Speaker 1: And they can be anywhere as short as one ft

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Speaker 1: two as high as six plus feet high. So this

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Speaker 1: is when I say kind of a bulge in the

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Speaker 1: landscape I really need it's a giant dome like bull.

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Speaker 1: Those numbers that I'm giving those are the average range.

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Speaker 1: There are, of course some that are smaller and some

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Speaker 1: that are bigger, but that's the general normal range that

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Speaker 1: they've been found to be. It's hard to pin down

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Speaker 1: how many you're going to find in an area. It

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Speaker 1: can be anywhere as few as one or two two upwards,

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Speaker 1: or over four hundred mounds in a hectar. Tired, I

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Speaker 1: totally was going to mess that one up. Hectare is

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Speaker 1: just to give you some number, because that's a random

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Speaker 1: number or word that you don't here used a lot.

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Speaker 1: It's a hundred and one hundred seven thousand, six hundred

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Speaker 1: plus square feet and that's about two and a half

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Speaker 1: acres two and a half acres. Yeah, that's a much

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Speaker 1: easier number. I wish I thought to put it that way.

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Speaker 1: And the weird thing is is that they're they're just

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Speaker 1: distribution over that area will be fairly consistent. Now this

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Speaker 1: is when there's a bunch of them, not when there's

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Speaker 1: one or two. But if there's a hundred of them,

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Speaker 1: they're relatively evenly spaced. If there's four hundred of them,

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Speaker 1: they're evenly spaced, almost if they're in a grid or

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Speaker 1: a hex pattern. Yeah, it's a very pattern, but it's

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Speaker 1: a pattern. Nonetheless. Yeah it's semi regular, that's for sure,

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Speaker 1: which is rare in nature. Right, you don't see that

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Speaker 1: a whole lot by natural, although there there is some

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Speaker 1: um when we're getting the theories, there's some things that

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Speaker 1: we'll talk about that might help explain why it's in

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Speaker 1: such a regular distribution. Um, I mean in in in nature,

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Speaker 1: I mean things things actually they could you look at

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Speaker 1: a forest, for example, it's actually kind of regularly distributed.

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Speaker 1: Because distributed, I mean because I mean obviously they're not

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Speaker 1: gonna all the trees are not not gonna all crowd together,

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Speaker 1: and they're gonna and they're not gonna like space themselves

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Speaker 1: way out. So they see a lot of kind of

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Speaker 1: regular distributions in nature actually exactly, and and and we

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Speaker 1: will get into a better description of that later. Um,

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Speaker 1: I'm gonna warn everybody now as we go through this,

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Speaker 1: this story or the this description, I'm going to end

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Speaker 1: up using quite a few analogies to help describe some

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Speaker 1: of this, the first one of which is how I

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Speaker 1: think of the mounds. I kind of think of them.

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Speaker 1: The easy way that I can think of the Mima

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Speaker 1: mounds is that they're Yeah, they're the goose bumps of

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Speaker 1: the Earth. They're just really small, weird little bumps. But

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Speaker 1: I also think of volcanoes. It's kind of the pimples

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Speaker 1: of the earth. You're so weird, are actually more like boils? Yeah, yeah, okay,

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Speaker 1: we're gonna no more of that. And this is a

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Speaker 1: terrible time for we remember, But before we get too

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Speaker 1: far along, this was a listeners suggestion. Eric emailed this

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Speaker 1: to us quite a long time ago. Eric, you're still

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Speaker 1: with us. Yeah, I really hope that my terrible description

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Speaker 1: of these or analogy didn't put you off. But I

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Speaker 1: really appreciate this suggestion. I was really glad when I

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Speaker 1: found this when the list, because it's it's really unique

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Speaker 1: and interesting. Yeah, it's a little different than what we

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Speaker 1: usually do because exactly, yeah, there's no murder here except

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Speaker 1: of my grammar. You don't know, there might be it

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Speaker 1: could be a lot of dead people in those bounds.

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Speaker 1: Actually there isn't. That's the best part because when Western

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Speaker 1: explorers first came to the Washington what is now Washington State,

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Speaker 1: they of course looked at these mounds and when I'll

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Speaker 1: bet those are burial mounds of the local name it is,

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Speaker 1: and next thing they said, hey, let's dig them up,

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Speaker 1: and there they were very disappointed because all they found

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Speaker 1: was dirt and rocks. There was no bodies. I guess

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Speaker 1: the joke was on them. Interestingly enough, there is from

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Speaker 1: what I've read, legends from the natives of the area

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Speaker 1: that say that the mounds were created either a by

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Speaker 1: a large spirit. I think it's a spiritual blue jay

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Speaker 1: if I remember, who flew over and dropped the mounds,

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Speaker 1: and that's how they came to be a comet that

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Speaker 1: flew over and left them in its wake. I mean,

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Speaker 1: Haley's comment is fairly frequent in this area, and these

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Speaker 1: are like enormous blue jay droppings? Is that kind of

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Speaker 1: Indians put it? Maybe? Have you ever had a blue

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Speaker 1: jay fly over your car and seeing what happens? So

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Speaker 1: it quite could be. But well, thankfully for us, some

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Speaker 1: real scientific types, this would be soil scientists actually went

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Speaker 1: out and they they dug into the mounds to try

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Speaker 1: to figure them out. And what we're gonna go through

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Speaker 1: now is the physical description of a mime amount. And

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Speaker 1: this is where I'm going to use the first analogy

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Speaker 1: beer set of analogies to describe the layers of the earth,

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Speaker 1: because if you've never thought of it this way, the

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Speaker 1: easy way to think about the layers of soil that

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Speaker 1: make up the crust of the earth is to think

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Speaker 1: about it as a layer cake. That they might be

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Speaker 1: thicker thinner vertically, but they are in bands, and it's

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Speaker 1: a it's just a simple way to kind of envision it. YEA,

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Speaker 1: I think a lot of people know about that so well.

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Speaker 1: I would think so, but I don't know that everybody does.

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Speaker 1: So I just like to put it out there. So

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Speaker 1: the tasty part, of course, it's the top of the mountain.

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Speaker 1: It is because that's the icing on the cake after

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Speaker 1: you pluck out the candles, and that just turned the

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Speaker 1: earth into a birthday cake. Just carrying out your analogy further,

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Speaker 1: you know, the the top of the cake is the icing,

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Speaker 1: which is Joe was alluding to. It is, well, that

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Speaker 1: top layer, that icing layer of the cake of the

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Speaker 1: Mima mounds. I was gonna say, dag nabbit. The Mima

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Speaker 1: Mounds are covered in prairiegraph, so that paragraphs would be

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Speaker 1: that icing layer. Now it's not always gonna be prairie grass,

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Speaker 1: but typically in that area, that's what it's going to be.

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Speaker 1: You dig below that into the first layer of earth

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Speaker 1: and you're gonna encounter what is known as the A horizon.

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Speaker 1: And when you're dealing with soil science, every layer is

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Speaker 1: going to be called a horizon. So I'm just gonna

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Speaker 1: let everybody know we're gonna use the horizon name. So

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Speaker 1: real times the A horizon. Typically it's gonna be top soil,

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Speaker 1: which is going to be kind of that dark earth layer.

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Speaker 1: It's full of vegetation that's rotted it's got worms, it's

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Speaker 1: got bugs and other little critters in it. That's the

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Speaker 1: layer that plants will typically start to live off. It's

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Speaker 1: got the most mineral content and all the decomposing materials

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Speaker 1: in it. Now, somehow the cake analogy is not holding

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Speaker 1: for me here though, because you don't want to eat that. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: it doesn't sound like the rich German chocolate part, thank yeah,

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Speaker 1: thank you, with a lot of disgusting stuff, lots of

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Speaker 1: walnuts and and grapes. I don't know. I'm not good

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Speaker 1: at dessert. I don't know. Okay, let's get back to

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Speaker 1: describing it, and let's thinking about eating it. The a horizon,

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Speaker 1: like I said, top soil, and that's where the plants

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Speaker 1: typically will start to live, now, I admit, and I know,

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Speaker 1: right the bat, anybody who knows something about to say, well,

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Speaker 1: that's not the only layer of the soil that plants

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Speaker 1: live off, And I get that, But that's the primary

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Speaker 1: layer that you're gonna see things like grass and small

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Speaker 1: shrubs actually lives shallow rooted, shallow rooted, thank you. That's

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Speaker 1: the perfect perfect way to describe it. Below that. Now, actually,

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Speaker 1: before we get below that, we should probably describe the

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Speaker 1: makeup of the A horizon, which is going to be

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Speaker 1: what is referred to as a loamy soil and loam

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Speaker 1: is in a varying mixture, can be have you on

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Speaker 1: one side or the other, or evenly mixed. You're gonna

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Speaker 1: have silt, You're gonna have sand, and to some degree

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Speaker 1: you're gonna have clay. So that that's what it all is.

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Speaker 1: Plus mixed in there, there's gonna be some small stones, gravel,

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Speaker 1: and large stones. That's the A horizon below that, which

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Speaker 1: unfortunately for Joe, I'm going to say again, it's the

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Speaker 1: next layer of the cake is typically a layer of

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Speaker 1: gravel and stone and soil materials that is referred to

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Speaker 1: as the B and or see horizons. It can be one,

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Speaker 1: the other, or both. The This layer can also be

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Speaker 1: relatively hard packed. It's got a higher proportion of clay

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Speaker 1: in it, which is something that's important to keep in

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Speaker 1: mind because that clay will help hold moisture, which is

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Speaker 1: really important when you think about the state of Washington,

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Speaker 1: because the state of Washington, like Oregon which we live in,

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Speaker 1: it's fairly rainy, yeah, and it's pretty damp. What happens

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Speaker 1: in these prairies is that in the winter. In the

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Speaker 1: spring it's kind of boggy ish standing water or very

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Speaker 1: sodden soil. Come the summer and fall, it dries out

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Speaker 1: and then the cycle repeats, which from an ecological standpoint

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Speaker 1: is actually really important because it lets a lot of

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Speaker 1: things grow that wouldn't grow anywhere else around that because

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Speaker 1: they need all that water. Yeah, and the clay the

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Speaker 1: B and C horizon typically really hold on to that

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Speaker 1: water even in the dry summer months. You know, we

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Speaker 1: don't get so dry and hot that our ground totally

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Speaker 1: dries out. Typically sometimes we do, but generally not, especially

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Speaker 1: in something like this with when it's boggy, that clay

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Speaker 1: is going to hold onto a lot of that moisture

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Speaker 1: and allow plants to grow year round where they typically wouldn't. Correct. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: if if it's an exposed plane that didn't have all

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Speaker 1: that clay, that water would go down into the soil

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Speaker 1: and as the heat came evaporated out of the upper

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Speaker 1: layers and then those plants. You it's uh, if you've

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Speaker 1: ever seen grassland in the summer and all the grass

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Speaker 1: is relatively dead, it's dried out, you can't live anymore,

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Speaker 1: and it's waiting for the next rainfall to germinate. Again,

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Speaker 1: this is not the case in these locations because of

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Speaker 1: that clay layer. Uh. And and what we're talking about here,

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Speaker 1: this boggy kind of area is what is referred to as,

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Speaker 1: if I'm correcting it or pronouncing it correctly, is a

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Speaker 1: vernal pool. Yeah. And those are shallow depressions, which is

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Speaker 1: what we're talking about here, that hold all that water

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Speaker 1: through those spring and summer months so those plants can grow.

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Speaker 1: So that's what that area is referred to. Um. The

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Speaker 1: last layer of the cake is going to be the

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Speaker 1: R horizon, which I'm pretty sure stands for rock because

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Speaker 1: it's the bedrock layer. That is, of course a almost

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Speaker 1: impermeable layer of the Earth's on. Water does go down

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Speaker 1: through it, but it's the rock layer. Yeah. And then

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Speaker 1: and then below that, about ten feet is the is

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Speaker 1: the molten magma at the center of the earth. Not

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Speaker 1: quite ten feet, I'm sure, but magma. That's your favorite

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Speaker 1: part of the cake evidently, Joe. Well, these these soil

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Speaker 1: horizons are what the mima mounds are made up of.

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Speaker 1: And as I said, this is the typical or the

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Speaker 1: general makeup. It's not specific. Some are more complex, Some

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Speaker 1: are less complex than that. Some may have one and two,

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Speaker 1: some may have five or six layers, and we didn't

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Speaker 1: talk about all of them. That's a soil science show

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Speaker 1: that we're not going to do. And they seem to

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Speaker 1: be Are they kind of equally distributed throughout the mound

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Speaker 1: it's kind of the same kind of layer, or are

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Speaker 1: they some thicker so thinner? Do you know? Do they know?

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Speaker 1: I'm okay, Yeah. That's one of the things that really

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Speaker 1: really irritated me is I did some research on this,

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Speaker 1: and I think we're correct me if I'm wrong. Where

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Speaker 1: you're going here, Devon is that we've got the mound,

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Speaker 1: and the mound itself goes A B C R, and

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Speaker 1: then there's the depression, and does the depression go A

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Speaker 1: B C Are they similar makeups? I can't find that, honestly.

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Speaker 1: I've looked in. Some researchers say yes, they're the same,

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Speaker 1: though they're a much thinner makeup. In other words, the

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Speaker 1: layers are much narrower, and some say, oh no, it's

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Speaker 1: a very thin A and then a very thin C.

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Speaker 1: And then we go to our there's no conclusive evidence,

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Speaker 1: but I think that might be because everybody's focused on

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Speaker 1: the mounds themselves rather than digging between which is odd

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Speaker 1: I guess, because if you're going to and I know

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Speaker 1: we're close to theories, but if you're going to theorize

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Speaker 1: that their natural form, you have to know what's around them,

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Speaker 1: you know. So if if what's behind it's what's between

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Speaker 1: them is a similar makeup, you can more readily say, well,

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Speaker 1: it's just a bigger collection of that, and that's fine,

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Speaker 1: and maybe we don't know exactly why, but it's all

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Speaker 1: very similar to the soil around it versus, oh, this

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Speaker 1: isn't anything like the soil around so it's a some

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Speaker 1: kind of anomaly. And that's the thing that gets me.

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Speaker 1: It seems like that would be a thing that people

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Speaker 1: would be interested in. Well, you know, I think to

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Speaker 1: saddle this question, what we need to do is, let

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Speaker 1: me grab a couple of shovels, because the amounts are

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Speaker 1: not that far away the actually but no, actually, quickly though,

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Speaker 1: let me let me say that my understanding of it

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Speaker 1: is that these there's a fairly thick layer of clay

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Speaker 1: underneath these things, and that and that the clay in

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Speaker 1: the areas between them is just not very far down.

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Speaker 1: It's basically almost just solid clay soil. They're almost the opposite.

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Speaker 1: So that's that's the hard part. But I'm gonna get

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Speaker 1: a little bit off track here in terms of what

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Speaker 1: I know everybody's expecting me to go through in this

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Speaker 1: studio is that when I was in a high school,

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Speaker 1: I took a couple of soil science classes. And I

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Speaker 1: don't know if either of you have ever got into

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Speaker 1: a soiled trench to to figure out what the horizons are.

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Speaker 1: It's really it's insanely interesting to be able to look

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Speaker 1: at in a like, let's say, a five ft deep trench,

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Speaker 1: and you can very clearly in a colored band and

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Speaker 1: see those things. That's very straight, straight and straight. Yes, yeah,

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Speaker 1: I went to a weird middle school, so I had

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Speaker 1: an experienced in high school. Yeah, I was able to

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Speaker 1: do that, and it's true, it's very interesting. It's very clear.

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Speaker 1: So all you would have to do is really cut

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Speaker 1: that mount in half like a cake and they'll take

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Speaker 1: a look at That's that's I know that the problem

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Speaker 1: is here is this. It's it's all in a preserve.

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Speaker 1: So I'm sure that they can't just a back ho

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Speaker 1: and dig one giant trench from the middle into the

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Speaker 1: next and then walk inside of it and figure it out.

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Speaker 1: So I think that might be part of the reason

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Speaker 1: that we can't get the answer you could take core samples.

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Speaker 1: Though true, it's very true. I also suspect people don't

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Speaker 1: really care enough. I'll be honest. We're very interested in it,

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Speaker 1: but I think that real scientists are probably thinking, oh, well,

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Speaker 1: that's we have to explore the sea or something. Yeah.

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Speaker 1: I think that also. Apparently the Gopher Protection Society is

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Speaker 1: this won't allow that because they're afraid that the core

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Speaker 1: samp we're tool will puncture a gopher. I mean, that's fair,

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Speaker 1: that's a fair concern. Well, you actually don't get too

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Speaker 1: far ahead of us here, Joe. You you are all

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Speaker 1: about the roading theory. I understand that we're not at

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Speaker 1: the roading theory. We're in the theory section. But the

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Speaker 1: first theory is I will admit my favorite theory, which

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Speaker 1: is glaciers. I'm going to start off, unusually enough with

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Speaker 1: my favorite. The last glacial period on North America in

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Speaker 1: the North American continent, I should say, and did about

341
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Speaker 1: ten thousand years ago, and there is a lot of

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Speaker 1: scientific evidence of the shaping that those glaciers did to

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Speaker 1: this continent. I mean, there's all kinds of things that

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Speaker 1: we can just look and go, oh, yeah, obviously a

345
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Speaker 1: glacier carved that out or left that behind. Yeah, the

346
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Speaker 1: Gorge is a great example of that. And there's giant

347
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Speaker 1: rocks left all over, so we know that glaciers do

348
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Speaker 1: some of it did some amazing and we had some

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Speaker 1: pretty amazing glaciers here. I mean, I can't honestly remember

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Speaker 1: the name of the Kardashian glacier. Glacier. I don't remember

351
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Speaker 1: the worst that's where are you going after? I really

352
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Speaker 1: I can't remember for the name of it, but the

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Speaker 1: one that carved out the Gorge the Missoula floods. The

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Speaker 1: Missoula floods, it wasn't an actual glacier glacier. It was

355
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Speaker 1: a flood. And what happened for the Columbia River gor

356
00:23:13,160 --> 00:23:14,919
Speaker 1: the Columbia and the will Lam it kind of all

357
00:23:14,960 --> 00:23:16,600
Speaker 1: of the gorges that we have around here, they were

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Speaker 1: all formed by what happened was there was this during

359
00:23:19,040 --> 00:23:21,439
Speaker 1: the Ice Age. There were these huge glaciers that formed

360
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Speaker 1: and they started to melt, and of course they created

361
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Speaker 1: an ice dam and so once that damn burst, it

362
00:23:27,680 --> 00:23:31,399
Speaker 1: created these huge floods that just ravaged the area and

363
00:23:31,480 --> 00:23:36,080
Speaker 1: somehow just like created all of this gorge activity. And

364
00:23:36,119 --> 00:23:41,359
Speaker 1: certainly some of it has yeah, and certainly you know,

365
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Speaker 1: some of it has been over the ages, you know,

366
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Speaker 1: gets deeper and deeper deeper. But that was the general

367
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Speaker 1: formation of it. The Missoula floodstock it up, not the

368
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Speaker 1: Kardashian glacier kind of bad news for the people that

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Speaker 1: happened to be living in that little depression. The good

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Speaker 1: news is nobody was living there. It was it was

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Speaker 1: thousand plus years ago. Well, actually there were people living

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Speaker 1: here back then. Back to the point, it's okay, is

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Speaker 1: that my this first theory that I the one that

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Speaker 1: I'm hanging on to, the glaciers formed the Mima mounds,

375
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Speaker 1: and the soil structure of the mounds, which obviously I

376
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Speaker 1: just described is is old and stable. And it's feasible

377
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Speaker 1: that glaciers, as they advanced or retreated in their process,

378
00:24:34,680 --> 00:24:36,600
Speaker 1: like you were just talking about, their a little bit

379
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Speaker 1: formed it um scraping away the ground. I should probably

380
00:24:43,480 --> 00:24:50,200
Speaker 1: also mentioned, which I didn't, is that the soil structure

381
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Speaker 1: of the Mima mounds is in some of them very old.

382
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Speaker 1: It's somewhere up to about thirty thousand years years old,

383
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Speaker 1: which will match up to glaciers. And I want to

384
00:25:04,320 --> 00:25:06,360
Speaker 1: kinda again, I want to kind of break this down

385
00:25:06,440 --> 00:25:09,080
Speaker 1: to things that we see, and so I'm going to

386
00:25:09,200 --> 00:25:13,280
Speaker 1: give an example is have either of you seen when

387
00:25:13,320 --> 00:25:16,679
Speaker 1: it's freezing cold out and there's a chunk of ice

388
00:25:16,880 --> 00:25:20,640
Speaker 1: that's kind of overhanging and it's sunny in the day

389
00:25:20,680 --> 00:25:23,560
Speaker 1: but really cold, and then cold at night, and you'll

390
00:25:23,600 --> 00:25:26,640
Speaker 1: notice that the ice starts to thaw a little bit,

391
00:25:26,880 --> 00:25:32,320
Speaker 1: and on the underside, the droplets will through um what's

392
00:25:32,440 --> 00:25:36,840
Speaker 1: the word that I'm looking for, cohesion, They'll come together

393
00:25:37,440 --> 00:25:42,119
Speaker 1: and refreeze and you'll get kind of a bulge. And

394
00:25:42,160 --> 00:25:46,040
Speaker 1: then in the daytime everything will freeze and you'll get

395
00:25:46,119 --> 00:25:51,040
Speaker 1: a slightly bigger bulge, and so you get deep, higher

396
00:25:51,119 --> 00:25:54,919
Speaker 1: bulges and deeper ridges, so you get this kind of

397
00:25:55,040 --> 00:25:59,120
Speaker 1: weird curvelinear structure on the underside of sheet of ice.

398
00:25:59,400 --> 00:26:01,760
Speaker 1: Have you been this before? Yeah, I mean you're basically

399
00:26:01,800 --> 00:26:04,240
Speaker 1: talking about the formation of icicles. But yeah, well yeah,

400
00:26:04,280 --> 00:26:07,119
Speaker 1: but but but on a big flat plane, so it

401
00:26:07,160 --> 00:26:10,720
Speaker 1: doesn't have that large drop. But I guess only on

402
00:26:10,720 --> 00:26:12,400
Speaker 1: the underside of things. I don't think I've ever seen

403
00:26:12,400 --> 00:26:15,760
Speaker 1: it on the overside of things exactly. Okay, Well, but

404
00:26:15,920 --> 00:26:19,680
Speaker 1: that's the thing is if this is on the bottom

405
00:26:19,760 --> 00:26:25,000
Speaker 1: of a glacier which is huge and heavy, and that

406
00:26:25,119 --> 00:26:29,359
Speaker 1: water through cohesion, it's coming together and then freezing. And

407
00:26:29,440 --> 00:26:31,880
Speaker 1: this of course wouldn't be on a day night cycle,

408
00:26:32,040 --> 00:26:36,240
Speaker 1: but over a year's cycle, that weight is going to

409
00:26:36,560 --> 00:26:41,240
Speaker 1: shove the soil underneath it around. Think about the underside

410
00:26:41,240 --> 00:26:44,800
Speaker 1: of this glacier like egg crate foam, you know, that

411
00:26:45,160 --> 00:26:48,600
Speaker 1: silly egg crate foam that sleeping pads are made out of.

412
00:26:49,040 --> 00:26:52,200
Speaker 1: If it was something like that, but it's really strong

413
00:26:52,359 --> 00:26:56,040
Speaker 1: and hard and it's pushing down on the earth, it's

414
00:26:56,040 --> 00:27:01,480
Speaker 1: gonna shove the dirt around and make those ridges. Of course,

415
00:27:01,640 --> 00:27:06,240
Speaker 1: then when it melts, we've got this egg crate shape

416
00:27:06,280 --> 00:27:12,200
Speaker 1: going on, give it ten thousand years. Some erosion happens

417
00:27:12,560 --> 00:27:16,720
Speaker 1: and instead of these perfect divots between them, the plane

418
00:27:16,800 --> 00:27:20,440
Speaker 1: of the soil evens out between them. So now all

419
00:27:20,520 --> 00:27:26,640
Speaker 1: we have is these random bulges at different places. That's

420
00:27:26,640 --> 00:27:28,920
Speaker 1: where this theory goes. And I don't know if that

421
00:27:28,960 --> 00:27:31,480
Speaker 1: makes sense the way of explained it to you, or

422
00:27:32,080 --> 00:27:34,440
Speaker 1: you have a better way to describe now. I mean,

423
00:27:34,520 --> 00:27:37,440
Speaker 1: I understand, I understand what you're saying. I think that

424
00:27:37,800 --> 00:27:40,239
Speaker 1: if it's water and it's pushing into the ground, it's

425
00:27:40,280 --> 00:27:42,879
Speaker 1: probably going to get absorbed into the ground, not stick.

426
00:27:44,520 --> 00:27:47,560
Speaker 1: It's melting. It's melting down into those bulges and then

427
00:27:47,680 --> 00:27:55,320
Speaker 1: refreezing and of course meting. It's melting. Glaciers are really

428
00:27:55,400 --> 00:28:00,040
Speaker 1: really widly creatures. No, I I understand where you're saying it.

429
00:28:00,160 --> 00:28:02,199
Speaker 1: If it's water, why doesn't it go into the soil?

430
00:28:02,640 --> 00:28:05,360
Speaker 1: I understand where you're headed with that. I can see that,

431
00:28:05,840 --> 00:28:10,520
Speaker 1: but I I can't explain it because I'm not I

432
00:28:10,560 --> 00:28:13,280
Speaker 1: can't explain the glaciers to that degree. I just look

433
00:28:13,320 --> 00:28:17,720
Speaker 1: at it from what I have seen anecdotally in nature,

434
00:28:17,840 --> 00:28:19,880
Speaker 1: and then add all that weight and pressure. I guess

435
00:28:19,960 --> 00:28:24,000
Speaker 1: my other problem with that theory is um the glacier

436
00:28:24,040 --> 00:28:29,040
Speaker 1: has to escape somewhere. Right, So either it melted on

437
00:28:29,080 --> 00:28:32,960
Speaker 1: a massive scale without moving and sliding anywhere, because you

438
00:28:33,000 --> 00:28:36,000
Speaker 1: don't see those big gouges in the earth, right. So

439
00:28:36,040 --> 00:28:38,520
Speaker 1: either it because you would expect if it had these

440
00:28:38,560 --> 00:28:41,240
Speaker 1: big divots that that would be a like a rake

441
00:28:41,320 --> 00:28:47,480
Speaker 1: pattern almost across the landscape. But it's more melting and

442
00:28:47,520 --> 00:28:50,440
Speaker 1: they're freezing and building back. I understand that, But I'm saying,

443
00:28:50,840 --> 00:28:52,760
Speaker 1: at the end of the ice age, right, is it

444
00:28:52,880 --> 00:28:55,959
Speaker 1: just melting away and every and the water just washes

445
00:28:55,960 --> 00:28:58,200
Speaker 1: away and it leaves these divot marks? Or is it

446
00:28:58,600 --> 00:29:01,360
Speaker 1: that it's melting and it's going to elt on the bottom?

447
00:29:01,400 --> 00:29:05,280
Speaker 1: You know? And is it sliding somewhere? Is it gouging

448
00:29:05,400 --> 00:29:07,840
Speaker 1: something out? I don't know that it would. And I

449
00:29:07,880 --> 00:29:10,320
Speaker 1: don't claim to know a lot about glaciers, but munder

450
00:29:10,360 --> 00:29:12,160
Speaker 1: standing of glaciers is the way they were able to

451
00:29:12,200 --> 00:29:14,720
Speaker 1: grind out big valleys and stuff. Would you see all

452
00:29:14,760 --> 00:29:17,920
Speaker 1: the way all all over around here, is that as

453
00:29:17,960 --> 00:29:21,000
Speaker 1: it grows, the way it grows and it starts sliding,

454
00:29:21,080 --> 00:29:23,920
Speaker 1: moving forward and adding on and stuff. And then so

455
00:29:24,280 --> 00:29:27,040
Speaker 1: that's when the grinding occurs, is when it's growing. But

456
00:29:27,160 --> 00:29:30,440
Speaker 1: when it's retreating, it doesn't like, it doesn't slide backward.

457
00:29:30,480 --> 00:29:33,400
Speaker 1: It's quite the same way. When it's retreating, it just

458
00:29:33,440 --> 00:29:38,360
Speaker 1: gets thinner and thinner. So it just it's just slowly melts,

459
00:29:38,360 --> 00:29:40,880
Speaker 1: and it melts from the top, not in the milt.

460
00:29:41,320 --> 00:29:44,960
Speaker 1: But the only problem I have with the glacier theory

461
00:29:45,040 --> 00:29:46,600
Speaker 1: is that you would think that there would be it

462
00:29:46,600 --> 00:29:49,320
Speaker 1: would eventually a lot of the water that came off

463
00:29:49,320 --> 00:29:51,240
Speaker 1: of the glacier as it melts, would wash a lot

464
00:29:51,280 --> 00:29:55,320
Speaker 1: of this stuff away right now. And while I like

465
00:29:55,440 --> 00:29:59,920
Speaker 1: the glacier theory the most, if this theory were correct,

466
00:30:00,040 --> 00:30:02,280
Speaker 1: this is going to come up multiple times in the

467
00:30:02,280 --> 00:30:06,160
Speaker 1: theory section. We should see this in more than just

468
00:30:06,840 --> 00:30:10,160
Speaker 1: this place and there, And like I said, it's continentally

469
00:30:10,680 --> 00:30:14,000
Speaker 1: for the United States. You see this, You see it

470
00:30:14,000 --> 00:30:17,200
Speaker 1: in some places in the South, in some of the East.

471
00:30:17,640 --> 00:30:20,920
Speaker 1: But you think that you would see it more consistently,

472
00:30:21,720 --> 00:30:26,479
Speaker 1: But that also you might not see it because of

473
00:30:26,600 --> 00:30:29,560
Speaker 1: farming practices. That might be a reason that we don't

474
00:30:29,720 --> 00:30:33,800
Speaker 1: see it anything cleared away. But also that's another thing

475
00:30:33,800 --> 00:30:35,600
Speaker 1: I problem I have with this theory is that it

476
00:30:35,760 --> 00:30:37,440
Speaker 1: is seen in the South, where as far as I know,

477
00:30:37,520 --> 00:30:42,160
Speaker 1: there was never any glaciation. Yeah, you're right, and again

478
00:30:42,800 --> 00:30:48,240
Speaker 1: there are some other things that might be responsible for

479
00:30:48,320 --> 00:30:52,400
Speaker 1: this in the South, and that's actually well, I was

480
00:30:52,440 --> 00:30:54,960
Speaker 1: just gonna ask one more question, is that you see

481
00:30:55,000 --> 00:30:59,720
Speaker 1: these singularly as well, right, And that obviously can't have

482
00:31:00,040 --> 00:31:02,280
Speaker 1: and if you if you're saying it was a divot

483
00:31:02,280 --> 00:31:04,320
Speaker 1: in between a bunch of things. You can't create just

484
00:31:04,480 --> 00:31:07,280
Speaker 1: one mound from a divot. You've got to have at

485
00:31:07,360 --> 00:31:10,280
Speaker 1: least two probably, I can see it. Well, No, let's

486
00:31:10,360 --> 00:31:12,840
Speaker 1: let's okay. We've got a flat sheet ice, and for

487
00:31:12,880 --> 00:31:14,960
Speaker 1: some reason it's got a thin spot on the top,

488
00:31:15,400 --> 00:31:17,280
Speaker 1: and so the water in the thin spot on the

489
00:31:17,280 --> 00:31:20,520
Speaker 1: top is melting and it's seeping down through itself, and

490
00:31:20,560 --> 00:31:25,120
Speaker 1: then it's going to create that pattern radiating away. Again,

491
00:31:25,880 --> 00:31:28,760
Speaker 1: not perfect, I understand. I mean you're saying two different

492
00:31:28,760 --> 00:31:31,000
Speaker 1: things are happening. Then at that point, No, it's it's

493
00:31:31,240 --> 00:31:33,160
Speaker 1: there's a thin spot at the top, so that's where

494
00:31:33,200 --> 00:31:37,200
Speaker 1: the melt happens. So then it's gonna melt down and

495
00:31:37,240 --> 00:31:41,320
Speaker 1: it's going to radiate down and create a cone essentially, right,

496
00:31:41,360 --> 00:31:43,880
Speaker 1: So that's exactly what I'm saying, is you're saying, no,

497
00:31:44,040 --> 00:31:48,000
Speaker 1: and it doesn't work. I guess it doesn't work. I

498
00:31:48,040 --> 00:31:51,360
Speaker 1: like this one the best, and we beat the crap.

499
00:31:51,480 --> 00:31:56,280
Speaker 1: I'm sorry, I'm sorry better, And we're gonna go through

500
00:31:56,400 --> 00:31:59,480
Speaker 1: some fairly mundane serious here, just to let your folks know,

501
00:31:59,600 --> 00:32:04,200
Speaker 1: but don't despair. There's gonna be some aliens before and

502
00:32:05,000 --> 00:32:09,000
Speaker 1: to fuzzy things. And I've got a theory of my own,

503
00:32:09,040 --> 00:32:12,520
Speaker 1: and I'm going to attack in it all of the better.

504
00:32:12,600 --> 00:32:17,960
Speaker 1: Hurry up. Our next theory is plant and or wind.

505
00:32:18,560 --> 00:32:21,480
Speaker 1: This is going to take a little bit of explaining

506
00:32:21,680 --> 00:32:26,840
Speaker 1: to but the theory centers around basically the interaction between

507
00:32:27,160 --> 00:32:35,000
Speaker 1: large plants, the wind and blown sediment. Um And tell

508
00:32:35,040 --> 00:32:37,800
Speaker 1: you right now, the beginning of this theory does not

509
00:32:37,960 --> 00:32:41,000
Speaker 1: hold up for the state of Washington. This is more

510
00:32:41,040 --> 00:32:44,320
Speaker 1: of an arid region theory. But we'll kind of try

511
00:32:44,400 --> 00:32:48,040
Speaker 1: and see how it could work. In the process of

512
00:32:48,320 --> 00:32:54,840
Speaker 1: wind blown sediment is what is known as an Aeolian process.

513
00:32:55,040 --> 00:32:58,640
Speaker 1: I hope I'm pronouncing that right. I believe that's right.

514
00:32:59,200 --> 00:33:03,080
Speaker 1: And what that is is that you've got dry earthen

515
00:33:03,200 --> 00:33:06,000
Speaker 1: materials that are picked up by the winds, so sand

516
00:33:06,080 --> 00:33:11,200
Speaker 1: and silt, they're blown around. It runs into vegetation, so

517
00:33:11,440 --> 00:33:14,720
Speaker 1: a tree or a bush or whatever it is. Of course,

518
00:33:14,840 --> 00:33:17,640
Speaker 1: then it's knocked free and it drops to the ground.

519
00:33:18,680 --> 00:33:22,320
Speaker 1: As that continues to happen over an extended period of time,

520
00:33:23,160 --> 00:33:27,720
Speaker 1: you get a mound of earth built up around this plant.

521
00:33:28,320 --> 00:33:30,600
Speaker 1: If we think about trees, which can live on the

522
00:33:30,640 --> 00:33:34,479
Speaker 1: scale of hundreds of years, that means that you can

523
00:33:34,520 --> 00:33:38,120
Speaker 1: get quite a large mound built, and then when the

524
00:33:38,200 --> 00:33:42,720
Speaker 1: plant dies and rots away, all this left is the mound.

525
00:33:43,400 --> 00:33:45,720
Speaker 1: And actually, what I like about this theory is that

526
00:33:46,640 --> 00:33:49,479
Speaker 1: it's very much like dunes. Well exactly, if you look

527
00:33:49,560 --> 00:33:51,280
Speaker 1: at these mounds of pictures of them, they look like

528
00:33:51,440 --> 00:33:54,240
Speaker 1: sand dunes. But they're different in one way, which is

529
00:33:54,320 --> 00:33:57,960
Speaker 1: that instead of forming into kind of rows and stuff,

530
00:33:58,560 --> 00:34:01,440
Speaker 1: they come sort they come sort of their mounds. But

531
00:34:01,560 --> 00:34:04,200
Speaker 1: when you look at especially a sort of like a

532
00:34:04,360 --> 00:34:07,360
Speaker 1: high level, like looking at it from above, and you

533
00:34:07,400 --> 00:34:11,040
Speaker 1: look at the spacing between them, it's not completely even,

534
00:34:11,960 --> 00:34:13,960
Speaker 1: but it's the kind of spacing that you would see

535
00:34:14,000 --> 00:34:18,560
Speaker 1: between say, trees in a forest. In other words, they're space.

536
00:34:18,680 --> 00:34:21,239
Speaker 1: They're spaced enough apart so that they don't choke each

537
00:34:21,280 --> 00:34:24,200
Speaker 1: other out. And that is what is known as vegetation

538
00:34:24,400 --> 00:34:27,840
Speaker 1: spatial patterning exactly. And it looks like it looks exactly

539
00:34:27,920 --> 00:34:29,880
Speaker 1: like that if you look at the aerial photos of

540
00:34:30,360 --> 00:34:32,880
Speaker 1: the Mima mounds. And we're going to get into vegetation

541
00:34:33,000 --> 00:34:36,600
Speaker 1: spatial patterning. But let me just finish up one little bit.

542
00:34:37,719 --> 00:34:42,400
Speaker 1: Devon's rolling your eyes, But one little bit about the

543
00:34:42,640 --> 00:34:48,240
Speaker 1: problem with the alien process is that, as I said,

544
00:34:48,880 --> 00:34:53,440
Speaker 1: this is a process that happens in arid regions. The

545
00:34:53,520 --> 00:34:58,960
Speaker 1: Pacific Northwest is by no means an arid region, nor

546
00:34:59,080 --> 00:35:02,279
Speaker 1: has it really ever it has not anything that I

547
00:35:02,360 --> 00:35:10,240
Speaker 1: could find even suggested that the that area was ever arid.

548
00:35:10,480 --> 00:35:15,640
Speaker 1: It's oh, he's been wet. So this doesn't hold up.

549
00:35:16,160 --> 00:35:19,360
Speaker 1: So I admit there's a giant flaw in that, but

550
00:35:19,520 --> 00:35:22,920
Speaker 1: it is something that's pointed at. I guess another problem

551
00:35:23,000 --> 00:35:25,880
Speaker 1: that I would have is that didn't you say that

552
00:35:25,960 --> 00:35:28,320
Speaker 1: there are rocks and a lot of these mounds. That

553
00:35:28,520 --> 00:35:31,960
Speaker 1: is another problem. Yeah, there are small stones and there

554
00:35:32,000 --> 00:35:35,879
Speaker 1: are large stones under the surface and on top. So yes,

555
00:35:36,280 --> 00:35:40,319
Speaker 1: windblown material, that's a problem because the wind doesn't throw

556
00:35:40,520 --> 00:35:45,320
Speaker 1: big That's that's an issue. Uh. If we go to

557
00:35:45,840 --> 00:35:49,040
Speaker 1: the spatial patterning that we were that Joe was alluding

558
00:35:49,120 --> 00:35:55,680
Speaker 1: to or discussing, um, this and what what vegetation spatial patterning,

559
00:35:55,760 --> 00:35:59,400
Speaker 1: which is an easy phrase to say not. Uh. This

560
00:35:59,800 --> 00:36:04,719
Speaker 1: is is the theory that or the practice that individual

561
00:36:05,040 --> 00:36:08,040
Speaker 1: or groups of plants, so we've got a number of

562
00:36:08,080 --> 00:36:12,640
Speaker 1: them growing together will spread their roots out and they

563
00:36:12,680 --> 00:36:18,480
Speaker 1: will drain the surrounding area of all of the nutrients

564
00:36:18,600 --> 00:36:22,520
Speaker 1: that are in the soil. Making it a waste land

565
00:36:22,840 --> 00:36:26,480
Speaker 1: for other plants, for other plants, so nothing else can

566
00:36:26,560 --> 00:36:29,120
Speaker 1: grow there. And then you have no roots holding the

567
00:36:29,160 --> 00:36:33,480
Speaker 1: top soil down, so then that that dirt washes away

568
00:36:34,120 --> 00:36:38,520
Speaker 1: and then you end up with these strange rivulet patterns

569
00:36:38,640 --> 00:36:42,040
Speaker 1: between them. Here's something to think about. An easy way

570
00:36:42,160 --> 00:36:46,680
Speaker 1: to envision this is if anybody has ever seen mangroves.

571
00:36:47,480 --> 00:36:50,640
Speaker 1: You see them, they have those giant, weird root patterns

572
00:36:50,719 --> 00:36:53,960
Speaker 1: and there they arch up above the water. Now, think

573
00:36:54,000 --> 00:36:57,239
Speaker 1: about something like that where its roots are still underground,

574
00:36:57,719 --> 00:37:00,239
Speaker 1: but the dirt that would be on top between them

575
00:37:00,440 --> 00:37:04,080
Speaker 1: is gone. You would have the same kind of mounding

576
00:37:04,600 --> 00:37:09,960
Speaker 1: humping pattern that you find at the mime amounts. It

577
00:37:10,160 --> 00:37:12,520
Speaker 1: makes sense. I'm not going to buy into it, but

578
00:37:12,600 --> 00:37:16,320
Speaker 1: it makes sense. But it also does help what Devon

579
00:37:16,440 --> 00:37:19,920
Speaker 1: pointed out, which is the issue with the stones and rocks.

580
00:37:20,680 --> 00:37:25,719
Speaker 1: There's a lot of evidence that roots will grab and

581
00:37:26,160 --> 00:37:31,000
Speaker 1: move stones through pressure that they grow next to. I mean,

582
00:37:31,719 --> 00:37:34,960
Speaker 1: we've all seen they'll break stones to push them around.

583
00:37:35,040 --> 00:37:40,000
Speaker 1: So this does happen, and it will push them to

584
00:37:40,120 --> 00:37:43,520
Speaker 1: the surface it gets big enough, Yes, I I agree

585
00:37:43,560 --> 00:37:47,400
Speaker 1: with that. The problem I'm having is, uh, the size

586
00:37:47,880 --> 00:37:51,279
Speaker 1: of a lot of these mounds, right, I'm willing to

587
00:37:51,440 --> 00:37:55,520
Speaker 1: go there for the smaller ones. But if we're talking,

588
00:37:56,840 --> 00:38:01,440
Speaker 1: I mean hundred and sixty fee feet round, was that?

589
00:38:01,920 --> 00:38:04,800
Speaker 1: I think that's that's kind of rare. That's on the

590
00:38:04,920 --> 00:38:08,520
Speaker 1: large Sure, it's on the large side. But okay, well

591
00:38:09,120 --> 00:38:16,560
Speaker 1: bear with me. Okay, how big do you think the

592
00:38:16,840 --> 00:38:22,160
Speaker 1: rutch structure of say a mature oak would be. Which

593
00:38:22,239 --> 00:38:25,920
Speaker 1: oaks get huge? Pretty big? Yeah, it would be would

594
00:38:25,960 --> 00:38:28,200
Speaker 1: be huge. So I'm not saying that this is something

595
00:38:28,320 --> 00:38:31,479
Speaker 1: that happens in a matter of five years, but those

596
00:38:31,520 --> 00:38:37,080
Speaker 1: oaks live hundreds of years. If that oak lived hundreds

597
00:38:37,080 --> 00:38:39,840
Speaker 1: of years, and there's i mean, the odds of this

598
00:38:40,040 --> 00:38:44,600
Speaker 1: happening with oaks, I understand is infantestimal. But I'm just

599
00:38:44,760 --> 00:38:48,320
Speaker 1: using it as an example. If we've got a forest

600
00:38:48,440 --> 00:38:51,080
Speaker 1: of rows of oaks that all have these giant root

601
00:38:51,160 --> 00:38:56,160
Speaker 1: balls that eventually die, that could explain the structure. I'm

602
00:38:56,200 --> 00:38:59,000
Speaker 1: not all for it, but I am. That's just my

603
00:38:59,200 --> 00:39:04,160
Speaker 1: my little bit of fence force. Yeah, if if Washington

604
00:39:04,360 --> 00:39:07,719
Speaker 1: was an arid place, yes, but no. But this this

605
00:39:07,920 --> 00:39:10,279
Speaker 1: is why I think that the thing that I need

606
00:39:10,360 --> 00:39:14,120
Speaker 1: to point out is for this uh, for the spatial

607
00:39:14,239 --> 00:39:17,040
Speaker 1: pattern ng is part of it is erosion because the

608
00:39:17,200 --> 00:39:20,320
Speaker 1: roots are holding it in. So now we're getting erosion

609
00:39:20,400 --> 00:39:23,080
Speaker 1: with the root patterns as well. I've essentially at this

610
00:39:23,200 --> 00:39:27,920
Speaker 1: point discounted the wind theory, but now we're factoring in erosion,

611
00:39:28,000 --> 00:39:30,200
Speaker 1: so we're adding that's and that's the hard part of

612
00:39:30,239 --> 00:39:33,400
Speaker 1: this theory or this story in general, is that things

613
00:39:33,480 --> 00:39:35,920
Speaker 1: get added and discounted left, right and center. And I'm

614
00:39:35,960 --> 00:39:39,080
Speaker 1: doing my best to keep them separate. But this one

615
00:39:39,360 --> 00:39:41,120
Speaker 1: is one of those weird ones where they say, well,

616
00:39:41,160 --> 00:39:43,160
Speaker 1: the wind brought it in and then the plants held it,

617
00:39:43,160 --> 00:39:46,160
Speaker 1: and then the water washed it away, and it makes

618
00:39:46,239 --> 00:39:51,680
Speaker 1: it awkward. Awkwards the word I'm going to use, speaking

619
00:39:51,719 --> 00:39:55,359
Speaker 1: of awkward, Let's just leave that theory mind. Let's move

620
00:39:55,440 --> 00:40:00,960
Speaker 1: on to the next one, which says that the mimmounds

621
00:40:01,200 --> 00:40:06,440
Speaker 1: are creature created and this is the mammal version, and

622
00:40:06,840 --> 00:40:13,680
Speaker 1: that would be pocket gophers make cute little devils. Okay,

623
00:40:13,880 --> 00:40:17,080
Speaker 1: let just let go You've never heard of a pocket

624
00:40:17,160 --> 00:40:19,520
Speaker 1: go fer, No I have. I'm just I'm just laughing

625
00:40:19,600 --> 00:40:23,640
Speaker 1: that they could have created these things. I'm just letting

626
00:40:23,640 --> 00:40:25,759
Speaker 1: you go for it. Likes him. He's gonna make a

627
00:40:25,800 --> 00:40:29,800
Speaker 1: pocket go for me next week. Pocket gophers are industrious

628
00:40:29,800 --> 00:40:32,399
Speaker 1: little critters. Actually, they they can move a lot of dirt.

629
00:40:32,600 --> 00:40:36,600
Speaker 1: They can, uh. The pocket gopher theory has actually been

630
00:40:36,640 --> 00:40:40,359
Speaker 1: around for a long time. Came out in the late

631
00:40:40,560 --> 00:40:45,640
Speaker 1: nineteenth century and it was theorized that the mounds were

632
00:40:45,680 --> 00:40:49,800
Speaker 1: actually built by the pocket gopher. Anybody who doesn't know

633
00:40:49,880 --> 00:40:52,920
Speaker 1: what a pocket gopher, his pocket gopher is a rodent.

634
00:40:54,239 --> 00:40:58,239
Speaker 1: It's really On average they weighed less than half a

635
00:40:58,280 --> 00:41:01,839
Speaker 1: pound there. Any are from six to eight inches long,

636
00:41:01,960 --> 00:41:05,120
Speaker 1: and that includes their tail and of course their gophers.

637
00:41:05,160 --> 00:41:07,359
Speaker 1: So they have really terrible ice sight. They don't come

638
00:41:07,440 --> 00:41:13,319
Speaker 1: above the ground very much. And unlike most gophers, which

639
00:41:13,400 --> 00:41:16,800
Speaker 1: will either dig a hole and push the dirt into

640
00:41:17,120 --> 00:41:21,160
Speaker 1: the bottom of their tunnel structure or just push it

641
00:41:21,280 --> 00:41:25,680
Speaker 1: up out and keep going, pocket gophers seem to have

642
00:41:26,000 --> 00:41:29,319
Speaker 1: the habit of pushing all of the dirt they dig

643
00:41:29,480 --> 00:41:32,759
Speaker 1: out to the top of the mound of dirt that's

644
00:41:32,760 --> 00:41:37,040
Speaker 1: above their tunnel and continue to push it towards the top.

645
00:41:37,239 --> 00:41:39,680
Speaker 1: So if you've ever had gopher holes in your yard

646
00:41:39,719 --> 00:41:43,520
Speaker 1: and they're those goofy mounds, now imagine they keep coming

647
00:41:43,560 --> 00:41:45,520
Speaker 1: to the same spot, but they keep pushing all the

648
00:41:45,640 --> 00:41:49,520
Speaker 1: extra dirt up top and building it up higher and higher.

649
00:41:50,480 --> 00:41:55,120
Speaker 1: That's what they do, and that's what's got people kind

650
00:41:55,160 --> 00:41:58,279
Speaker 1: of intrigued as to why they think that these little

651
00:41:58,320 --> 00:42:02,360
Speaker 1: boogers are responsible. Yeah, the and actually I'm kind of

652
00:42:02,400 --> 00:42:04,640
Speaker 1: liking this series, not just because the gophers are cute,

653
00:42:04,719 --> 00:42:07,560
Speaker 1: but it also fits a lot of facts, like there

654
00:42:07,719 --> 00:42:13,240
Speaker 1: their territorial You're exactly right, They're they're very territorial little critters.

655
00:42:14,160 --> 00:42:18,880
Speaker 1: And it turns out that the spacing of the Mima

656
00:42:19,000 --> 00:42:27,600
Speaker 1: mounds corresponds relatively speaking to the territorial distance that a

657
00:42:27,800 --> 00:42:30,680
Speaker 1: pocket gopher will cover somewhere between a hundred and a

658
00:42:30,760 --> 00:42:35,440
Speaker 1: hundred and fifty feet. So that's that makes sense. Uh. There.

659
00:42:35,520 --> 00:42:40,640
Speaker 1: There's a researcher at San Diego State University that he

660
00:42:40,880 --> 00:42:44,320
Speaker 1: wanted to see if this theory could be right. And

661
00:42:44,480 --> 00:42:47,040
Speaker 1: what he did is he took and made a computer

662
00:42:47,239 --> 00:42:52,280
Speaker 1: model factoring in the speed that these little gophers build

663
00:42:52,440 --> 00:43:00,319
Speaker 1: at and it turns out, indeed, note this, eventually they

664
00:43:00,719 --> 00:43:05,640
Speaker 1: can make a mound that is upwards of six ft tall,

665
00:43:05,960 --> 00:43:08,200
Speaker 1: and that takes a bit of time. It does take

666
00:43:08,239 --> 00:43:11,000
Speaker 1: a bit of time. Now, other people have jumped on

667
00:43:11,080 --> 00:43:14,439
Speaker 1: the bandwagon and they're saying, oh yeah, and and they're

668
00:43:14,480 --> 00:43:17,239
Speaker 1: building them that tall so that they can escape the

669
00:43:17,400 --> 00:43:20,520
Speaker 1: water table of where they're living, because, as we've talked about,

670
00:43:20,560 --> 00:43:23,200
Speaker 1: it's a very boggy area, so the water table is

671
00:43:23,280 --> 00:43:27,839
Speaker 1: pretty high. Yeah, a lot of a lot of big

672
00:43:27,920 --> 00:43:30,960
Speaker 1: clay area and clay area that that holds water and

673
00:43:31,040 --> 00:43:34,560
Speaker 1: actually prevents water from draining into it. Yes, which means

674
00:43:34,600 --> 00:43:38,040
Speaker 1: they would have flooded tunnels. So yes, it makes sense

675
00:43:38,080 --> 00:43:40,360
Speaker 1: they would build up to have a dry area. But

676
00:43:40,440 --> 00:43:44,520
Speaker 1: it's it's a little weird. But here's the problem. There

677
00:43:44,560 --> 00:43:47,040
Speaker 1: are a lot of problems. Well, yeah, there's there's a

678
00:43:47,160 --> 00:43:53,040
Speaker 1: whole lot of problems, which is that, well, to start with,

679
00:43:53,200 --> 00:43:56,759
Speaker 1: it would take five to seven hundred years for gophers

680
00:43:56,880 --> 00:44:03,680
Speaker 1: to build mound that tall. Problem number one. Problem number two.

681
00:44:04,800 --> 00:44:07,520
Speaker 1: Pocket gophers, no matter how cute they are with the

682
00:44:07,600 --> 00:44:10,719
Speaker 1: little pockets in their cheeks, only lived to be at

683
00:44:10,800 --> 00:44:16,840
Speaker 1: most five years old, which says, well, how does this happen?

684
00:44:17,320 --> 00:44:22,000
Speaker 1: People have said, oh, well, other other other little gophers

685
00:44:22,320 --> 00:44:24,440
Speaker 1: come in and they take over their mouths and they

686
00:44:24,560 --> 00:44:28,400
Speaker 1: keep building them, and that's how it happens. But the

687
00:44:28,520 --> 00:44:32,480
Speaker 1: research that I've read, nothing in there says that after

688
00:44:32,640 --> 00:44:37,480
Speaker 1: a gopher dies and leaves its burrow or its tunnel structure,

689
00:44:37,960 --> 00:44:41,840
Speaker 1: does another one come in and take it over? But

690
00:44:42,360 --> 00:44:45,880
Speaker 1: they all seem to start from scratch themselves. Yeah, but

691
00:44:47,040 --> 00:44:49,200
Speaker 1: isn't it possible you can inherit as it go? For

692
00:44:49,320 --> 00:44:52,200
Speaker 1: the family home? Let me go first, have go first,

693
00:44:52,239 --> 00:44:57,120
Speaker 1: have babies. I guess my problem number three gopher family home.

694
00:44:57,480 --> 00:44:59,120
Speaker 1: Well no, I mean seriously though, I mean I mean,

695
00:44:59,160 --> 00:45:01,360
Speaker 1: if you if you have, if you have baby gophers,

696
00:45:01,560 --> 00:45:04,759
Speaker 1: and then eventually you die, why should they move off

697
00:45:04,880 --> 00:45:06,960
Speaker 1: somewhere else to start a whole new tunnel network when

698
00:45:06,960 --> 00:45:09,360
Speaker 1: they've got one right already there. I'm gonna kill that

699
00:45:09,520 --> 00:45:12,000
Speaker 1: right now with the I don't believe that they're a

700
00:45:12,760 --> 00:45:16,040
Speaker 1: communal family structure. I think they all move on on

701
00:45:16,120 --> 00:45:21,520
Speaker 1: their own. But Devin, you were no. My problem number

702
00:45:21,560 --> 00:45:25,799
Speaker 1: three is that the if this is a mound that's

703
00:45:25,840 --> 00:45:31,120
Speaker 1: built by digging out, right, the top layer should correspond

704
00:45:31,200 --> 00:45:34,239
Speaker 1: to the bottom layer of the soil, the top layer

705
00:45:34,280 --> 00:45:36,720
Speaker 1: of the mound, because that's what they've been digging out last,

706
00:45:37,320 --> 00:45:40,920
Speaker 1: And the bottom layer should correspond to the top layer

707
00:45:41,120 --> 00:45:43,480
Speaker 1: of the soil that they were digging out. Not the

708
00:45:43,560 --> 00:45:47,399
Speaker 1: way that it goes right, No, I know where you're

709
00:45:47,400 --> 00:45:53,120
Speaker 1: headed here. If gophers were digging and mixing the soil constantly,

710
00:45:53,360 --> 00:45:58,960
Speaker 1: it shouldn't be easily divided into horizons. It should actually

711
00:45:59,080 --> 00:46:06,799
Speaker 1: be one giant mishmash mixed up. It should be an

712
00:46:07,120 --> 00:46:11,520
Speaker 1: undistinguishable layers. And even if it was layers, it should

713
00:46:11,560 --> 00:46:14,520
Speaker 1: be flipped layers at the bottom layer of the mound.

714
00:46:14,600 --> 00:46:18,000
Speaker 1: Should be breaking into the simplest factory. Yes, it should be.

715
00:46:18,080 --> 00:46:20,840
Speaker 1: The clay should be on top, should be. Yes. And

716
00:46:21,000 --> 00:46:24,800
Speaker 1: there's the problem with the stones that we talked about earlier,

717
00:46:24,920 --> 00:46:28,239
Speaker 1: which is a half pound critter cannot move a ten

718
00:46:28,320 --> 00:46:31,399
Speaker 1: pounds stone, right, I guess also a problem that there

719
00:46:31,440 --> 00:46:34,040
Speaker 1: aren't like huge tunnels running through these things, are there?

720
00:46:37,120 --> 00:46:40,960
Speaker 1: I would be another anything that said, here's a picture

721
00:46:41,640 --> 00:46:45,080
Speaker 1: of a pocket go for tunnel in a mime amount.

722
00:46:45,200 --> 00:46:50,200
Speaker 1: Haven't seen that. I haven't seen any that now. I cute? Yeah,

723
00:46:50,239 --> 00:46:52,560
Speaker 1: I know, I know. We're going to move on to

724
00:46:52,640 --> 00:46:56,200
Speaker 1: the next creature created theory. Okay, this one, I am

725
00:46:56,400 --> 00:46:58,640
Speaker 1: going to it right off the bat I put in

726
00:46:58,840 --> 00:47:01,160
Speaker 1: because it's in the rees church, but I don't buy it.

727
00:47:01,719 --> 00:47:04,480
Speaker 1: But it's still in the creature area, which is termites.

728
00:47:07,520 --> 00:47:12,160
Speaker 1: Gross they are gross. There are people out there who

729
00:47:12,400 --> 00:47:17,120
Speaker 1: say that the mounds are made by termites. And before

730
00:47:17,239 --> 00:47:22,440
Speaker 1: anybody has their head pop off, let's just think about

731
00:47:22,760 --> 00:47:27,880
Speaker 1: termite mounds that we see in places like Africa. You

732
00:47:27,960 --> 00:47:33,480
Speaker 1: see these giant, giant termite mounds similar bear with me,

733
00:47:33,760 --> 00:47:39,840
Speaker 1: the giants above and below ground. So theoretically those critters

734
00:47:39,920 --> 00:47:43,160
Speaker 1: die off and then erosion takes effect. But you're right,

735
00:47:43,520 --> 00:47:48,200
Speaker 1: there is no record of that kind of termite in

736
00:47:48,800 --> 00:47:52,640
Speaker 1: that region, or you know, the different layers in the

737
00:47:52,719 --> 00:47:58,520
Speaker 1: mounds or the no holes or the five pound stones stones.

738
00:47:58,800 --> 00:48:01,239
Speaker 1: But the biggest problem that is is that is that

739
00:48:01,440 --> 00:48:03,360
Speaker 1: it's kind of hard to believe that there would be

740
00:48:03,560 --> 00:48:07,520
Speaker 1: literally trillions of termites living in this plane with you know,

741
00:48:07,560 --> 00:48:09,120
Speaker 1: I mean, I mean seriously think about it. And when

742
00:48:09,160 --> 00:48:11,600
Speaker 1: you see aunt hills and termite hills there, there's like

743
00:48:11,800 --> 00:48:13,719
Speaker 1: they're kind of a one off kind of thing. You

744
00:48:13,800 --> 00:48:18,439
Speaker 1: don't see hundreds and thousands of them next to each other. Well,

745
00:48:18,840 --> 00:48:22,480
Speaker 1: actually you see them sometimes in the plains of Africa

746
00:48:22,520 --> 00:48:26,480
Speaker 1: where they're they're close to each other, not nearly this close,

747
00:48:26,719 --> 00:48:31,360
Speaker 1: but they are let's say, five hundred to a thousand

748
00:48:31,400 --> 00:48:35,040
Speaker 1: feet apart instead of miles apart. I know where you're going,

749
00:48:35,280 --> 00:48:38,160
Speaker 1: and I agree, But there are cases where you see

750
00:48:38,200 --> 00:48:40,800
Speaker 1: them close but not nearly this close. Yeah, no, I

751
00:48:40,800 --> 00:48:42,680
Speaker 1: mean because I mean, if if you've got nothing but

752
00:48:42,880 --> 00:48:45,200
Speaker 1: termites living in this fast area, there's nothing to eat

753
00:48:45,239 --> 00:48:49,560
Speaker 1: except each other, that's it. So I just don't see that. No, no,

754
00:48:49,719 --> 00:48:52,680
Speaker 1: I admit, I put this one in just because it's there.

755
00:48:53,360 --> 00:48:55,320
Speaker 1: I don't, I don't. I don't buy it. And everybody

756
00:48:55,400 --> 00:49:02,960
Speaker 1: loves termites except one to the next one, which I

757
00:49:03,080 --> 00:49:05,800
Speaker 1: actually love how this one came about. Their the theory

758
00:49:05,880 --> 00:49:09,480
Speaker 1: got created. But the theory is that it is earthquakes

759
00:49:09,719 --> 00:49:16,760
Speaker 1: or seismic vibrations are causing the mounds there. The theory

760
00:49:16,960 --> 00:49:21,239
Speaker 1: goes as a basic premise that there are vibrations due

761
00:49:21,320 --> 00:49:27,240
Speaker 1: to seismic or volcanic activity that is shaking the dirt

762
00:49:27,440 --> 00:49:31,080
Speaker 1: around and at that point that's causing it to heap

763
00:49:31,200 --> 00:49:34,640
Speaker 1: up into small mounds. This is where my favorite part

764
00:49:34,680 --> 00:49:38,120
Speaker 1: of this theory comes from. Is there's a gentleman by

765
00:49:38,160 --> 00:49:41,839
Speaker 1: the name of Andrew Burg who is an actual geologist,

766
00:49:42,360 --> 00:49:45,319
Speaker 1: somebody who just came up with this idea on his own. Yeah,

767
00:49:45,480 --> 00:49:52,680
Speaker 1: I know him. I'm sorry, I don't know the idea. Yeah,

768
00:49:52,800 --> 00:49:56,480
Speaker 1: he was. He was building a doghouse of all things,

769
00:49:56,680 --> 00:49:59,040
Speaker 1: with a bunch of sheets supply wood that had ash

770
00:49:59,520 --> 00:50:01,240
Speaker 1: on them. Mine. I don't know what kind of ash

771
00:50:01,480 --> 00:50:05,200
Speaker 1: was it in the volcanic ash? Oh yeah, it wasn't

772
00:50:05,200 --> 00:50:07,600
Speaker 1: the eighties, which means it would have been St. Helen's head.

773
00:50:09,000 --> 00:50:11,000
Speaker 1: I was. I was around in those days, and yes

774
00:50:11,080 --> 00:50:14,239
Speaker 1: there was a lot of ash. Okay, So now we

775
00:50:14,320 --> 00:50:17,360
Speaker 1: know why there was ash on his plywood. And he

776
00:50:17,600 --> 00:50:20,880
Speaker 1: is hammering nails into the plywood to build the doghouse,

777
00:50:21,280 --> 00:50:26,600
Speaker 1: and he notices that the concussive vibrational force of each

778
00:50:26,719 --> 00:50:32,200
Speaker 1: blow on a nail transferred through the plywood. He's causing

779
00:50:32,280 --> 00:50:36,680
Speaker 1: the ash to vibrate and mound up. I kind of

780
00:50:36,760 --> 00:50:41,560
Speaker 1: like that theory. It's very simple at its root. Yeah,

781
00:50:41,760 --> 00:50:45,360
Speaker 1: I understand that well. And also clay behaves fairly similarly

782
00:50:45,440 --> 00:50:49,000
Speaker 1: to ash once it's wet. Well. I think the clay represents,

783
00:50:49,040 --> 00:50:51,400
Speaker 1: in this case, sup plywood and then all the stuff

784
00:50:52,719 --> 00:50:57,520
Speaker 1: that never mind, I don't like basic very much like plywood.

785
00:50:57,680 --> 00:51:01,000
Speaker 1: The theory the dirt of the mind him amount or

786
00:51:01,080 --> 00:51:06,520
Speaker 1: the mima plane is like the ash. The clay and

787
00:51:06,719 --> 00:51:11,319
Speaker 1: the bedrock are like the board, and every time there's

788
00:51:11,440 --> 00:51:18,040
Speaker 1: seismic activity, and those seismic waves are rattling around underneath

789
00:51:18,120 --> 00:51:22,040
Speaker 1: that cross and they're hitting fractures and whatever the case

790
00:51:22,160 --> 00:51:25,600
Speaker 1: may be. Down there, they're making that vibration which is

791
00:51:25,719 --> 00:51:29,399
Speaker 1: causing that soil too, for lack of a better term,

792
00:51:29,920 --> 00:51:34,920
Speaker 1: kind of clump up and boil up. Okay, My problem

793
00:51:35,040 --> 00:51:40,600
Speaker 1: with this is if that were the normal case, again,

794
00:51:40,880 --> 00:51:44,919
Speaker 1: why don't we see that in other areas? And there

795
00:51:45,200 --> 00:51:49,200
Speaker 1: is a practical example that I want to point to

796
00:51:50,000 --> 00:51:54,839
Speaker 1: which causes me some concern because he's saying that there

797
00:51:55,000 --> 00:52:01,120
Speaker 1: is some serious seismic activity that is going through the area,

798
00:52:01,239 --> 00:52:04,360
Speaker 1: not low grade, but it seems it needs to be

799
00:52:04,440 --> 00:52:09,360
Speaker 1: a relatively big bunch of psychic activity in order to

800
00:52:09,440 --> 00:52:11,600
Speaker 1: do this kind of thing. Yeah, that's really a lot

801
00:52:11,640 --> 00:52:13,920
Speaker 1: of pounds of dirt. The example that I'm going to

802
00:52:14,000 --> 00:52:18,480
Speaker 1: point to is a location in California, which is another

803
00:52:18,600 --> 00:52:23,000
Speaker 1: place that mounds like this are found. In the fifties,

804
00:52:23,600 --> 00:52:25,680
Speaker 1: we had kind of talked about this in some of them,

805
00:52:25,840 --> 00:52:28,320
Speaker 1: possibly in some of the places, but in the fifties

806
00:52:28,880 --> 00:52:33,959
Speaker 1: those mounds were plowed under for farmland plowed them down.

807
00:52:34,600 --> 00:52:39,640
Speaker 1: In the eighties that farmland was abandoned for farming, and

808
00:52:40,520 --> 00:52:45,799
Speaker 1: low and behold mounds began to arise again on their own.

809
00:52:48,400 --> 00:52:53,080
Speaker 1: Huh yep, the mounds have started to come back in

810
00:52:53,320 --> 00:52:56,319
Speaker 1: that area. That truly leaves me with more questions than

811
00:52:56,360 --> 00:53:00,319
Speaker 1: answers because it's only been like, what thirty five years years,

812
00:53:00,440 --> 00:53:04,640
Speaker 1: so it couldn't have been We've had two major and

813
00:53:04,800 --> 00:53:10,480
Speaker 1: I used air quotes, your major earthquakes in the that

814
00:53:10,880 --> 00:53:15,160
Speaker 1: region of California, kind of that Bay area, northern California.

815
00:53:15,480 --> 00:53:17,520
Speaker 1: There hasn't been It's not like the place has been

816
00:53:17,680 --> 00:53:20,600
Speaker 1: rocking and rolling for a long time. There's been a

817
00:53:20,680 --> 00:53:22,800
Speaker 1: couple of them. There's been a couple of decent size,

818
00:53:23,320 --> 00:53:27,120
Speaker 1: that's it. But this theory seems to say that they're

819
00:53:27,200 --> 00:53:30,000
Speaker 1: they infer that it's got to be kind of a

820
00:53:30,200 --> 00:53:33,879
Speaker 1: big thing to shake that much soil around long term,

821
00:53:34,000 --> 00:53:36,560
Speaker 1: for to clump up that much, and yet it's still happening.

822
00:53:36,840 --> 00:53:40,399
Speaker 1: I just thought, literally discounts every theory that we've had

823
00:53:41,920 --> 00:53:46,480
Speaker 1: that they reform like that, there's no and there's no termites,

824
00:53:46,600 --> 00:53:51,840
Speaker 1: and there's clearly not glaciers egg carton ing the things. Nope, Nope, no,

825
00:53:52,080 --> 00:53:59,040
Speaker 1: no glaciers. Yeah. I think I think didn't. I. Yeah, yeah,

826
00:53:59,080 --> 00:54:01,600
Speaker 1: I think what it is is the soils is forming

827
00:54:01,640 --> 00:54:05,319
Speaker 1: around and reflecting like massive structures built underneath and buried

828
00:54:05,360 --> 00:54:09,360
Speaker 1: by aliens. Okay, Joe, stop, we're moving on before you

829
00:54:09,600 --> 00:54:12,440
Speaker 1: start making up something that confuses our listeners because it's

830
00:54:12,440 --> 00:54:16,040
Speaker 1: all made up. We're gonna go to the next theory,

831
00:54:16,120 --> 00:54:19,920
Speaker 1: which is actually real, which I think is a very

832
00:54:20,000 --> 00:54:25,080
Speaker 1: solid one as well, is the shrinking and swelling of

833
00:54:25,200 --> 00:54:30,200
Speaker 1: the clay layer of soil. If you guys remember earlier

834
00:54:30,520 --> 00:54:33,800
Speaker 1: in the beginning, we talked about how the b and

835
00:54:33,880 --> 00:54:39,680
Speaker 1: the sea layers horizons have clay in them, and the

836
00:54:39,840 --> 00:54:44,000
Speaker 1: density of clay can vary, so it's a low density

837
00:54:44,160 --> 00:54:47,239
Speaker 1: or a high density. So some layers are very very

838
00:54:47,560 --> 00:54:50,320
Speaker 1: thick with clay and some are not. That might be

839
00:54:50,560 --> 00:54:55,400
Speaker 1: the simplest answer of what's responsible. And here's why. Clay,

840
00:54:56,160 --> 00:55:01,120
Speaker 1: though it doesn't seem to absorb water, does have either

841
00:55:01,200 --> 00:55:03,319
Speaker 1: of you had to dig in dirt that was full

842
00:55:03,360 --> 00:55:07,239
Speaker 1: of clay. Oh yeah, my my yard is full of it,

843
00:55:07,400 --> 00:55:09,840
Speaker 1: and I did. I hate digging in it in the

844
00:55:09,920 --> 00:55:13,319
Speaker 1: winter time because it's just a sticky, matt nasty mess.

845
00:55:13,440 --> 00:55:15,440
Speaker 1: But actually that's a lot better than digging in in

846
00:55:15,520 --> 00:55:21,400
Speaker 1: the summer time, it is better. It turns out I

847
00:55:22,200 --> 00:55:24,879
Speaker 1: never realized this until I started doing the research, is that, yeah,

848
00:55:24,960 --> 00:55:30,600
Speaker 1: clay does absorb water, and it absorbs it at varying

849
00:55:31,239 --> 00:55:36,480
Speaker 1: ratios because depending on the mineral count and the density

850
00:55:36,560 --> 00:55:40,880
Speaker 1: of the clay, it can absorb more or less. In

851
00:55:40,960 --> 00:55:43,920
Speaker 1: other words, think of it this way. There's pockets in

852
00:55:44,160 --> 00:55:48,000
Speaker 1: between in the clay. So if it's really dense, there's

853
00:55:48,080 --> 00:55:50,880
Speaker 1: not a lot of pockets of areas that water can

854
00:55:50,920 --> 00:55:54,279
Speaker 1: get into. But if it's a low density, there's a

855
00:55:54,480 --> 00:55:57,960
Speaker 1: lot of areas that that water can infiltrate, and those

856
00:55:58,520 --> 00:56:03,840
Speaker 1: thinner areas will swell as the water gets in. So

857
00:56:04,000 --> 00:56:06,279
Speaker 1: what that means is that as it swells, it's got

858
00:56:06,360 --> 00:56:09,719
Speaker 1: it can't push down into the bedrock, so it's gonna

859
00:56:09,840 --> 00:56:15,279
Speaker 1: push up and it's gonna push everything above it upwards. Well,

860
00:56:15,440 --> 00:56:19,600
Speaker 1: the areas in between the mounds are very thin, they're

861
00:56:19,719 --> 00:56:22,719
Speaker 1: very dense. They can't absorb a lot of water, so

862
00:56:22,840 --> 00:56:26,360
Speaker 1: they don't really expand, although then the clay drays, that

863
00:56:26,440 --> 00:56:28,680
Speaker 1: dries out and it goes flying. That's kind of what

864
00:56:28,760 --> 00:56:34,960
Speaker 1: I was thinking there. I have seen some research and

865
00:56:35,520 --> 00:56:38,360
Speaker 1: the validity of this I cannot stand behind. But I

866
00:56:38,400 --> 00:56:43,320
Speaker 1: will put out is that as things expand from water

867
00:56:43,560 --> 00:56:48,000
Speaker 1: and then that water drains out and evaporates, they will collapse,

868
00:56:48,520 --> 00:56:53,879
Speaker 1: but they will not compact their original volume. They will

869
00:56:54,000 --> 00:56:57,239
Speaker 1: stay larger. Think about it. You stick a sheet of

870
00:56:57,320 --> 00:57:00,120
Speaker 1: water or a sheet of paper and water and it

871
00:57:00,200 --> 00:57:02,040
Speaker 1: gets all wet, and then you dry it out, and

872
00:57:02,120 --> 00:57:05,320
Speaker 1: then it's all puffy and rough and it's a little thicker,

873
00:57:05,680 --> 00:57:09,360
Speaker 1: not much, but it's a little thicker. Now, think about

874
00:57:09,800 --> 00:57:13,200
Speaker 1: a two foot thick layer of dirt that that fills

875
00:57:13,280 --> 00:57:16,240
Speaker 1: with water and puffs up. It's gonna shrink back down

876
00:57:16,280 --> 00:57:18,520
Speaker 1: a little bit, but it's not gonna go all the

877
00:57:18,600 --> 00:57:21,600
Speaker 1: way down to what it was originally. Yeah, and it

878
00:57:21,680 --> 00:57:25,440
Speaker 1: would help explain why mounds were reforming. I think the

879
00:57:25,520 --> 00:57:27,200
Speaker 1: key is for us to get some shovels and go

880
00:57:27,400 --> 00:57:30,840
Speaker 1: up to um. Well now, maybe, but there should be

881
00:57:31,080 --> 00:57:34,400
Speaker 1: this should be a big pocket then, like even even

882
00:57:34,440 --> 00:57:36,120
Speaker 1: in the dry times, there should be a big hollow

883
00:57:36,160 --> 00:57:38,520
Speaker 1: pocket underneath these things. So let's go punch through some

884
00:57:38,640 --> 00:57:41,480
Speaker 1: of those mounds and see what's underneath there. Joe is

885
00:57:41,560 --> 00:57:44,560
Speaker 1: always wanting a field trip that requires everybody else dis

886
00:57:44,600 --> 00:57:47,480
Speaker 1: you manual labor while he sits in his director's chair

887
00:57:47,560 --> 00:57:51,000
Speaker 1: with the umbrella over him and my tie in his hand, saying, Dick, there,

888
00:57:51,880 --> 00:57:57,320
Speaker 1: this is not happening. We've done that too many times, right, Yeah, sorry,

889
00:57:57,360 --> 00:58:03,600
Speaker 1: Forest park. Our final theory is, are you ready devon aliens? Yeah?

890
00:58:04,960 --> 00:58:09,320
Speaker 1: Not really makes sense? Why not aliens? When you read

891
00:58:09,360 --> 00:58:13,480
Speaker 1: about the Mima mounds are all over the places like

892
00:58:13,920 --> 00:58:16,440
Speaker 1: they were done for aliens. They were done for aliens.

893
00:58:16,880 --> 00:58:21,840
Speaker 1: I really am afraid that the alien connection here was

894
00:58:22,160 --> 00:58:26,800
Speaker 1: made up sarcastically by a bunch of weitty writers to

895
00:58:26,920 --> 00:58:31,200
Speaker 1: be able to immediately discount it, because every time you

896
00:58:31,320 --> 00:58:36,160
Speaker 1: see something about aliens, it says, but there's no evidence,

897
00:58:36,280 --> 00:58:40,240
Speaker 1: and why there really is. There's nothing that says why

898
00:58:41,200 --> 00:58:46,360
Speaker 1: aliens would do it because as corresponding information is just

899
00:58:47,040 --> 00:58:49,280
Speaker 1: three sentences and then they move on to the rest

900
00:58:49,320 --> 00:58:52,240
Speaker 1: of their story. Now, it's it's very well documented that aliens.

901
00:58:52,680 --> 00:58:56,200
Speaker 1: Aliens historically come to the Earth, they do random stuff,

902
00:58:56,240 --> 00:58:58,360
Speaker 1: and then they leave again. Then the bottom of their

903
00:58:58,360 --> 00:59:01,000
Speaker 1: ships or formed like egg crates, and that through landing pads.

904
00:59:01,960 --> 00:59:03,560
Speaker 1: It could be that, or it could it could be

905
00:59:03,760 --> 00:59:06,040
Speaker 1: that actually, these these things are are kind of like

906
00:59:06,240 --> 00:59:09,720
Speaker 1: Morse code dots in the in the surface of the planet.

907
00:59:09,800 --> 00:59:15,200
Speaker 1: And when we get it says eat here, it says

908
00:59:15,320 --> 00:59:18,160
Speaker 1: high we are aliens just wanted to stop by and

909
00:59:18,280 --> 00:59:22,120
Speaker 1: say hello. And when we eventually manage to decode the message,

910
00:59:22,120 --> 00:59:24,120
Speaker 1: and I'm sure the s A is on it, you know,

911
00:59:24,240 --> 00:59:26,280
Speaker 1: then that will be the first message from another race.

912
00:59:26,480 --> 00:59:30,040
Speaker 1: I mean, I think more times than not, we try

913
00:59:30,080 --> 00:59:33,919
Speaker 1: to assign a meaning that we, as lowly humans could

914
00:59:33,960 --> 00:59:38,400
Speaker 1: possibly understand to alien activity, right if we're assuming that

915
00:59:38,480 --> 00:59:40,560
Speaker 1: aliens exist, which we are, of course, because they do.

916
00:59:41,280 --> 00:59:44,960
Speaker 1: But there's no way that our puny, little tiny not

917
00:59:45,240 --> 00:59:48,000
Speaker 1: being able to go out into space and travel through

918
00:59:48,200 --> 00:59:51,920
Speaker 1: all of that, could possibly comprehend what they may or

919
00:59:51,960 --> 00:59:53,760
Speaker 1: may not have been doing. So they might have had

920
00:59:53,960 --> 00:59:55,680
Speaker 1: very good reasons for doing We just don't know what

921
00:59:55,800 --> 00:59:59,720
Speaker 1: it is, yeah, exactly. So yeah, alright, so there's another

922
00:59:59,800 --> 01:00:03,400
Speaker 1: thing that's much overlooked, but yeah, let's have it. In

923
01:00:03,520 --> 01:00:06,560
Speaker 1: this particular area of southeast become the dominant tribe in

924
01:00:06,600 --> 01:00:10,160
Speaker 1: the area before the white man showed up was put

925
01:00:10,480 --> 01:00:15,120
Speaker 1: up Indians, and the Indians were noted for not having

926
01:00:15,240 --> 01:00:19,760
Speaker 1: internet or cable or anything quality. They had a lot

927
01:00:19,840 --> 01:00:22,120
Speaker 1: of time on their hands, and so they spent their

928
01:00:22,200 --> 01:00:24,360
Speaker 1: time just building mounds, because it's kind of like the

929
01:00:24,400 --> 01:00:27,360
Speaker 1: Incas spent their time shaping stone and building these incredible

930
01:00:27,400 --> 01:00:31,920
Speaker 1: stone structures. They made these really cool sort of mounding areas.

931
01:00:32,200 --> 01:00:35,000
Speaker 1: I don't think that's true. I yeah, know, the fact

932
01:00:35,040 --> 01:00:40,320
Speaker 1: that we see mounds re rising in other areas, I

933
01:00:40,760 --> 01:00:44,760
Speaker 1: can't agree with that. The other hard part about this is, Okay, again,

934
01:00:45,160 --> 01:00:49,120
Speaker 1: we've only focused in this episode on the Mima Mounts.

935
01:00:49,240 --> 01:00:53,560
Speaker 1: There are mounds in the south of the United States,

936
01:00:54,000 --> 01:00:58,480
Speaker 1: in the California's, there in Europe, there in Africa. I

937
01:00:58,520 --> 01:01:03,880
Speaker 1: mean this, this g logic structure happens for multiple reasons

938
01:01:03,960 --> 01:01:07,560
Speaker 1: in multiple areas. So to just say, well, this particular

939
01:01:07,600 --> 01:01:13,080
Speaker 1: one is because people were born, I'm just gonna tell

940
01:01:13,080 --> 01:01:15,680
Speaker 1: you right now. No, no, actually I think that even

941
01:01:15,680 --> 01:01:18,320
Speaker 1: though the serious been put forward by many prominent scientists,

942
01:01:18,360 --> 01:01:21,320
Speaker 1: I don't take it too seriously. Myself was that prominent

943
01:01:21,440 --> 01:01:27,200
Speaker 1: scientist your cat? Uh, somebody like my cat? Anyway, that's

944
01:01:27,240 --> 01:01:30,480
Speaker 1: what I thought that for fun. Obviously there's there's an

945
01:01:30,520 --> 01:01:34,520
Speaker 1: interesting process which perhaps someday our grandchildren will understand here,

946
01:01:34,840 --> 01:01:38,439
Speaker 1: but possibly, yeah, we don't quite get it yet. Well,

947
01:01:38,640 --> 01:01:42,040
Speaker 1: that's that's the theories that we've got. Obviously, none of

948
01:01:42,120 --> 01:01:45,680
Speaker 1: them fit or are perfect, though some of us subscribe

949
01:01:45,680 --> 01:01:49,680
Speaker 1: to others more than some. That that made sense, I swear.

950
01:01:51,920 --> 01:01:53,880
Speaker 1: If you want to take a look at some of

951
01:01:53,960 --> 01:01:57,520
Speaker 1: the research that we've done on this particular episode, you

952
01:01:57,640 --> 01:02:00,600
Speaker 1: can find that on our website. That website is Thinking

953
01:02:00,720 --> 01:02:05,680
Speaker 1: Sideways podcast dot com. Of course, we have the episodes

954
01:02:05,760 --> 01:02:09,960
Speaker 1: there to stream, but chances are you're listening to and

955
01:02:10,200 --> 01:02:16,000
Speaker 1: downloading us somewhere else. There are a bazillion streaming sources

956
01:02:16,120 --> 01:02:19,320
Speaker 1: out there, and we are on pretty much all of them,

957
01:02:20,120 --> 01:02:23,280
Speaker 1: so you can find us there if you use iTunes,

958
01:02:23,440 --> 01:02:26,760
Speaker 1: which I know a good portion of people do. Please

959
01:02:26,880 --> 01:02:30,520
Speaker 1: when you're there, take it the time to to subscribe

960
01:02:30,600 --> 01:02:33,240
Speaker 1: and then leave the comment and the rating, because of

961
01:02:33,320 --> 01:02:36,600
Speaker 1: course that helps other folks find us, which is great

962
01:02:36,640 --> 01:02:41,640
Speaker 1: because other people need to find us. We are on Facebook,

963
01:02:41,880 --> 01:02:46,120
Speaker 1: so we have the group and this the Facebook page

964
01:02:46,600 --> 01:02:49,840
Speaker 1: which is ever growing, and tons and tons of fun

965
01:02:50,040 --> 01:02:53,480
Speaker 1: conversations going on there, so anybody can join. Let us know.

966
01:02:54,320 --> 01:02:57,600
Speaker 1: Joe's favorite phrases is it find us, friend us like us?

967
01:02:58,240 --> 01:03:02,840
Speaker 1: Um No, I think it's uh yes, I think that's

968
01:03:02,840 --> 01:03:04,600
Speaker 1: close enough. But I think I put it a little

969
01:03:04,600 --> 01:03:07,280
Speaker 1: more in fat find us, friend us, like us okay,

970
01:03:07,720 --> 01:03:12,760
Speaker 1: well emphatically saying I'm not gonna say that. Well, you

971
01:03:12,840 --> 01:03:15,480
Speaker 1: can also find us on Twitter. We are on Twitter

972
01:03:15,720 --> 01:03:19,560
Speaker 1: at Thinking Sideways, so drop the g off of thinking

973
01:03:20,240 --> 01:03:22,640
Speaker 1: and you can follow us on there and we put

974
01:03:22,680 --> 01:03:25,600
Speaker 1: some stuff out on Twitter. And of course if you

975
01:03:25,880 --> 01:03:32,160
Speaker 1: have thoughts or story suggestions, agreements, disagreements, love hate, anything

976
01:03:32,280 --> 01:03:33,680
Speaker 1: like that that you want to send us and you

977
01:03:33,720 --> 01:03:35,440
Speaker 1: want us to read, you can send that to us

978
01:03:35,560 --> 01:03:39,880
Speaker 1: at our email, which is Thinking Sideways Podcast at gmail

979
01:03:40,000 --> 01:03:42,480
Speaker 1: dot com. Don't have anything else that I can think of,

980
01:03:42,600 --> 01:03:45,800
Speaker 1: just I did want to add this one thing, and

981
01:03:45,840 --> 01:03:47,520
Speaker 1: that is that if you have a shovel when you're

982
01:03:47,560 --> 01:03:51,840
Speaker 1: then you want to build my amount of your most instructions. No,

983
01:03:53,200 --> 01:03:57,800
Speaker 1: we're this This is not a instructibles website. We're not

984
01:03:57,840 --> 01:03:59,520
Speaker 1: going to tell them how to build their own mon

985
01:03:59,760 --> 01:04:03,760
Speaker 1: not stuff you should know. You know, I'm sorry who

986
01:04:03,840 --> 01:04:06,520
Speaker 1: doesn't want to mind amount of their very own I

987
01:04:06,920 --> 01:04:10,880
Speaker 1: know someone and I lived with them, she would not

988
01:04:11,080 --> 01:04:13,440
Speaker 1: be happy if I built a six ft by a

989
01:04:13,600 --> 01:04:16,760
Speaker 1: hundred and sixty ft mound in our backyard. You also

990
01:04:16,840 --> 01:04:19,320
Speaker 1: have to have a bigger yard. Yeah, there's that but

991
01:04:20,040 --> 01:04:23,760
Speaker 1: you know what, Yeah, my neighbors don't want that, so yeah, yeah,

992
01:04:23,800 --> 01:04:29,400
Speaker 1: you might bring in gophers and termites. Bad idea, Joe. Well,

993
01:04:29,520 --> 01:04:32,000
Speaker 1: ladies and gentlemen, we're going to go ahead and roll

994
01:04:32,160 --> 01:04:34,800
Speaker 1: this one up, put in the can and call it done,

995
01:04:34,840 --> 01:04:38,640
Speaker 1: and we'll talk to you next week. Everybody. By guys,

996
01:04:38,720 --> 01:04:41,800
Speaker 1: it was probably go fers, but not really probably go first,