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Speaker 1: On March eleventh, eighteen eleven, authorities broke up a demonstration

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Speaker 1: of workers who were rallying for better wages and workplace conditions.

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Speaker 1: That night, the demonstrators smashed knitting machines at a nearby factory.

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Speaker 1: It's recognized as the first Luddite protest. So this seems

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Speaker 1: like a good time to re share our episode on

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Speaker 1: the subject, which is also an old favorite. That's enough

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Speaker 1: of a favorite that I made a tag on our

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Speaker 1: website called smashing Things to include it. At the end

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Speaker 1: of this episode, which originally came out in As We said,

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Speaker 1: we talked about how many employees Instagram has. Instagram has

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Speaker 1: of course been acquired by Facebook since that time, so uh,

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Speaker 1: that number maybe not accurate anymore, but the comparison still

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Speaker 1: pretty much the same. Welcome to stuff you missed in

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Speaker 1: history class from how Stop Works dot com. Um, Hello,

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Speaker 1: and welcome to the podcast. I'm Tracy B. Wilson and

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Speaker 1: I'll fry and today we have a listener request from

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Speaker 1: Anna one that I had a little trouble finding information

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Speaker 1: about not for the usual reason, No, for an unusual

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Speaker 1: but funny reason. Yes, the usual reason is that something

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Speaker 1: is either obscure or so long ago that everything is contradictory.

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Speaker 1: This one was difficult because many many people use the

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Speaker 1: word Luddite to mean like some obstinate, foot draggy person

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Speaker 1: who doesn't want to adopt the new technology. Um. And

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Speaker 1: and many of the articles that use the term that

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Speaker 1: way also include just enough Luddite history that it gets

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Speaker 1: tagged that way, and all the databases and so researching

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Speaker 1: about the Luodites means that you have to wade through

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Speaker 1: all kinds of stuff about people not wanting to fancy

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Speaker 1: your phones or new technology geez or like some you know,

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Speaker 1: new massively open online course thing, all kinds or I

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Speaker 1: myself have called myself a lodite when I have to

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Speaker 1: call someone on the phone instead of texting them, like

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Speaker 1: some kind of bloodite. Yeah, it's one of those words.

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Speaker 1: It's been kind of co opted into modern slang. And

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Speaker 1: I think because it sounds inherently funny, just because of

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Speaker 1: the construction of the word. Um, that's why people love

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Speaker 1: it so much. Yes, and while there was an anti

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Speaker 1: technology piece to the Loodite rebellion, that's not really what

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Speaker 1: it was about. It's one small element of a much

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Speaker 1: bigger picture. Right the the idea that that Ludites were

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Speaker 1: just anti machine zealots who dragged their feet against progress

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Speaker 1: and went around smashing things is not really the whole

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Speaker 1: picture at all. So that's what we're going to talk

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Speaker 1: about today, and thanks to Anna for suggesting it. So

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Speaker 1: the Leoodite Uprising was a series of protests in Northern

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Speaker 1: Land in which workers smashed machines in mills and factories.

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Speaker 1: So this wasn't the first organized violence against machinery, and

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Speaker 1: England wasn't the only place where people took to breaking

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Speaker 1: machines to try to protest something. But the Luddites are,

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Speaker 1: of all the machine breakers, the most famous ones and

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Speaker 1: the really the only ones whose name became synonymous was something. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: we've talked about it even a little bit in another podcast.

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Speaker 1: We talked about it in the Sewing Machine podcast. The

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Speaker 1: word sabotage comes from the word for shoe subo, which

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Speaker 1: got thrown into things. But the Luddites are exactly what

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Speaker 1: you said. They have become completely synonymous with this anti machinery,

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Speaker 1: violent hatred for it when it's not, you know, not

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Speaker 1: so much what it was about. So, yeah, this was

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Speaker 1: taking place we should contextualize in the early nineteenth century,

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Speaker 1: so it's towards the end of the Industrial Revolution. The

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Speaker 1: American War for Independence was still a pretty recent memory,

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Speaker 1: and the Napoleonic Wars between England and France had been

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Speaker 1: going on for a while. So in England money was

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Speaker 1: really tight. Times were pretty hard, and food was becoming

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Speaker 1: scarce and expensive, and the French Revolution was also in

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Speaker 1: the very recent past, so the people in charge were

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Speaker 1: more anxious than usual about the idea of poor people

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Speaker 1: rising up against rich people. It was a time of

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Speaker 1: general unrest and mistrust right and the War of eighteen

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Speaker 1: twelve was looming at this point. So in addition to

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Speaker 1: no longer trading with France, England also wasn't trading with

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Speaker 1: the young United States, and the textile industry was really

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Speaker 1: suffering as a result. The increased work that was coming

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Speaker 1: from putting clothing on soldiers was not making up for

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Speaker 1: the drop in trade. Uh And in addition, trade unions

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Speaker 1: had been outlawed by the Combination Acts of seventeen eighteen hundred,

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Speaker 1: so people were not allowed to band together to try

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Speaker 1: to get an increase in pay or a decrease in hours,

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Speaker 1: or to strike. The penalty was jail time or hard labor,

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Speaker 1: and if you gave some money to somebody who had

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Speaker 1: been convicted to help them out, you could actually be

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Speaker 1: fined for your charitable inclination. On top of the legal

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Speaker 1: issues with unionizing, when labor disputes came up, there wasn't

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Speaker 1: always some kind of central place to go in protest

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Speaker 1: or to raise concerns. Um Some larger factories had been built,

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Speaker 1: but a lot of aspects of textile work we're still

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Speaker 1: really a cottage industry. So when people were doing their

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Speaker 1: work at home or in a small mill that was

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Speaker 1: operated by just a couple of people, there wasn't really

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Speaker 1: one juggernaut of an employer where people could go in

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Speaker 1: petition for change. So when you're a knitter working out

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Speaker 1: of your home, you can't really just have a picket

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Speaker 1: line of one out in your front yard. I mean

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Speaker 1: you could, but it would not be a very effective

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Speaker 1: form of protests, so we wouldn't probably make the statement

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Speaker 1: you were aiming for. No. Uh and machines get a

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Speaker 1: lot of the spotlight in the Ladite uprising, but the

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Speaker 1: mechanization in question had really started a full two hundred

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Speaker 1: years earlier, when William Lee invented the stocking frame. And

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Speaker 1: this was a machine that many people feared would put

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Speaker 1: traditional knitters out of work. The concern was great enough

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Speaker 1: that Queen Elizabeth the First actually denied lea patent and

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Speaker 1: outlawed the frames production, saying quote, I have too much

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Speaker 1: love for my poor people who obtained their bread by

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Speaker 1: the employment of knitting, to give my money to forward

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Speaker 1: an invention that will tend to their ruin, which is

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Speaker 1: a lovely sentiment on her part. A lot of her

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Speaker 1: successors shared this sentiment and continued to support traditional production

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Speaker 1: over machine production. But by the turn of the nineteenth century,

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Speaker 1: manufacturers are starting to defy the law and mechanize anyway.

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Speaker 1: At first, workers took a legal course of action, and

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Speaker 1: they raised money to lobby Parliament to try to keep

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Speaker 1: mechanization illegal, but their efforts failed, and Parliament repealed the

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Speaker 1: laws that were on the books in eighteen o nine.

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Speaker 1: But the stocking frame, along with other improvements, ultimately allowed

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Speaker 1: the textile industry to grow, and in terms of overall numbers,

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Speaker 1: it created more jobs than it eliminated in the very

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Speaker 1: long But in the short term people were losing their jobs,

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Speaker 1: and at the same time, mechanization had sparked a number

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Speaker 1: of disputes over wages and working conditions and the quality

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Speaker 1: of work, and these disputes were really at the heart

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Speaker 1: of the Luddite complaints. A good example of the wage

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Speaker 1: issue came from the manufacture of wool cloth. Before mechanization,

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Speaker 1: skilled laborers called croppers would use tools, some of which

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Speaker 1: weighed about fifty pounds, to smooth out the surface of

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Speaker 1: the wool. This required both strength and skill, and so

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Speaker 1: experienced croppers could demand higher wages than a lot of

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Speaker 1: other textile workers could. But when cropping machines were invented,

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Speaker 1: traditional croppers weren't needed anymore, and the other jobs that

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Speaker 1: were being created required less skill and therefore paid less money.

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Speaker 1: So as cropping machines became widespread, many croppers just wound

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Speaker 1: up unemployed. They also had a reputation for being unsavory

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Speaker 1: and rowdy, and the croppers made up some of the

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Speaker 1: most violent Luddites. Conditions in newly opened factories were very

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Speaker 1: often really not what you would categorize as ideal, and

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Speaker 1: many of them. Workers were required to live in dormitories,

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Speaker 1: and those spaces were very cramped intended to be dirty.

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Speaker 1: People would have their pay docked for all kinds of

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Speaker 1: really seemingly insignificant infractions, and the hours were really long

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Speaker 1: and the work was really tedious, so it while it

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Speaker 1: may have given you a living wage, it was not

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Speaker 1: a very enjoyable life that you were leading at that point.

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Speaker 1: And then there's the question of quality. Framework knitters, for example,

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Speaker 1: had been making garments entirely on frames, so to make

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Speaker 1: stockings they would use the frame to knit a tube

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Speaker 1: of material. But new mechanization and manufacturing techniques were making

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Speaker 1: it possible to cut garments out that used to be

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Speaker 1: made on the frame out of a large piece of

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Speaker 1: cloth and then stitched them together. These were known as

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Speaker 1: cut ups, and they required less skill to make, and

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Speaker 1: the workers and a lot of other people really perceived

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Speaker 1: them to be of much lower quality than things that

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Speaker 1: had been made as one piece. And that's still the case,

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Speaker 1: you know, and Coultur work things that are actually certified

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Speaker 1: as Coultur, Like there are lace pieces that are no seams,

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Speaker 1: and then if there's a lot of seeming and piecing,

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Speaker 1: it's seen as less So it's still a consistent mindset

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Speaker 1: about how things are assembled. In terms of textile workers

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Speaker 1: were really angry about the decline and quality I mean people,

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Speaker 1: the wages and the living conditions get a lot of attention,

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Speaker 1: but there was a lot of anger about Okay, now

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Speaker 1: this is less good work. Why are you making us

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Speaker 1: do work that's not as good? Yeah, they didn't want

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Speaker 1: their industry to go downhill. Uh. And workers didn't like

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Speaker 1: that that the people were being employed in the garment

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Speaker 1: industry that weren't apprenticed first. So it factors into that

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Speaker 1: whole quality issue. Uh. This practice was known as culting,

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Speaker 1: and the quality of the work was poor in part

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Speaker 1: because people weren't actually trained to do it. They hadn't

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Speaker 1: gone through that apprenticeship period to learn their trade. They

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Speaker 1: just got put in the factory floor. So while the

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Speaker 1: Luddites have a reputation for being anti machine, and a

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Speaker 1: hallmark of the Luddite uprising was smashing machines to bits,

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Speaker 1: it wasn't the machines themselves that were the problem. The

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Speaker 1: Luodites were fine with machines as long as the people

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Speaker 1: using them were trained to do it well and safely,

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Speaker 1: and had fair wages and working hours, and as long

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Speaker 1: as the introduction of machines wasn't erasing more jobs than

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Speaker 1: it created or cranking out poor quality kids. There were

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Speaker 1: many trades people who took part in the Laddite protests,

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Speaker 1: but croppers, hand loom weavers and knitters, who were the

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Speaker 1: ones most affected by mechanization at the time, were the

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Speaker 1: most prominent. Exactly which workers were at the forefront varied

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Speaker 1: based on which trades were most practiced in any particular area.

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Speaker 1: From the second chapter of Charlotte Bronte's novel Surely, which

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Speaker 1: was published about forty years later and was set during

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Speaker 1: the Ledite uprising, quote, it would not do to stop

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Speaker 1: the progress of invention, to damage science by discouraging its improvements.

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Speaker 1: The war could not be terminated. Efficient relief could not

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Speaker 1: be raised. There was no help then, So the unemployed

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Speaker 1: underwent their destiny, ate the bread and drank the waters

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Speaker 1: of affliction. Misery generates hate. These sufferers hated the machines

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Speaker 1: which they believed took their bread from them. They hated

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Speaker 1: the buildings which contained those machines. They hated the manufacturers

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Speaker 1: who owned those buildings. So that's the context for the

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Speaker 1: protest which started on March eleventh, eighteen eleven. That's when

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Speaker 1: protesters in Nottingham got together to demand better wages and

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Speaker 1: British troops had to break up the demonstration, but the

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Speaker 1: protesters didn't just go home peacefully once they had been dispersed.

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Speaker 1: That night, they broke into a factory in a nearby

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Speaker 1: town and smashed all the machines. Although the name Luddite

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Speaker 1: hadn't been coined yet, history generally marks this as the

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Speaker 1: first Luddite protest, and from there, operating under cover of night,

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Speaker 1: people smash machines in factory ease and sometimes even set

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Speaker 1: factories on fire as part of their demonstrations. There wasn't

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Speaker 1: a lot of local law enforcement at the time. Towns

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Speaker 1: didn't really have a police force to call on, so

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Speaker 1: most of the response wound up coming from the military

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Speaker 1: and from the owners of the mills, who armed themselves

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Speaker 1: and hired men to help defend their property. By January

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Speaker 1: of eighteen twelve, protests were occurring pretty much every night,

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Speaker 1: and they spread to Lancashire and the West Riding of Yorkshire.

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Speaker 1: From there they moved to Leicestershire and Derbyshire, and the

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Speaker 1: government dispatched three thousand troops to try to stop these protests.

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Speaker 1: For a sense of what was going on at these incidents,

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Speaker 1: here's an example of a reward poster from January twelve

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Speaker 1: which offered two hundred pounds for knowledge about a frame

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Speaker 1: breaking incident, Whereas on Thursday night last, about ten o'clock,

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Speaker 1: a great number of men armed with pistols, hammers and

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Speaker 1: clubs entered the dwelling house of George Ball Framework, net

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Speaker 1: of Linton, near Nottingham, disguised with masks and handkerchiefs over

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Speaker 1: their faces and in other ways. And after striking and

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Speaker 1: abusing the said George Ball, they wantonly and feloniously broke

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Speaker 1: and destroyed five stocking frames standing in the workshop, four

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Speaker 1: of which belonged to George Ball, and one frame forty

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Speaker 1: gauge belonging to Mr Francis Breathwaite Hosier, all of which

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Speaker 1: we're working at the full price. The poster also a

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Speaker 1: test that workman Thomas Rue, John Jackson and Thomas Naylor

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Speaker 1: were working on the frames at the time, being paid

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Speaker 1: and had no complaint with either George Ball or Francis Breathwaite.

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Speaker 1: Soldiers started raiding houses and they were setting ambushes to

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Speaker 1: try to stop these protests, and Parliament saw machine breaking

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Speaker 1: is such a threat to Northern England that it made

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Speaker 1: machine breaking a capital crime Among this law's detractors in

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Speaker 1: Parliament was Lord Byron, whose first speech in the House

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Speaker 1: of Lords was against the death penalty for machine break.

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Speaker 1: I just want to take a moment to note here

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Speaker 1: that we had gone from the Queen saying that she

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Speaker 1: would not allow machines to be made because it was

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Speaker 1: taking the livelihood of poor people too. If you break

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Speaker 1: a machine, we will hang you. That is that is

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Speaker 1: the spect the trajectory we've gone through rather rapidly. Right.

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Speaker 1: So violence escalated, with protesters and factory people taking shots

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Speaker 1: at one another. When Luddites were killed during demonstrations, they

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Speaker 1: would retaliate by killing the mills owners. April of eighteen

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Speaker 1: twelve was a particularly bloody month in Manchester. A mill

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Speaker 1: owner ordered his men to fire into a crowd of

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Speaker 1: protesters who were threatening his factory's machines. At least three

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Speaker 1: people died and eighteen were wounded. The next day, soldiers

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Speaker 1: killed at least five more people. On April eleven, William Cartwright,

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Speaker 1: who was owner of Rawford's mill, fortified the mill with

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Speaker 1: things like iron bars and a vat of acid to

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Speaker 1: pour on protesters. He had been appointed as a constable

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Speaker 1: to supplement the army in the militia about a month before,

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Speaker 1: and he gathered soldiers and attacked a group of about

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Speaker 1: a hundred protesters who were approaching the mill. Two of

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Speaker 1: the protesters were killed. This protest was one of the

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Speaker 1: most prominent events in the Luddite uprising in the West Riding,

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Speaker 1: and it was one of the inspirations for Charlotte Bronte's

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Speaker 1: novel Shirley, which we quoted from earlier. On the twenty April,

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Speaker 1: William Horsefall, a manufacturer who had boasted that he would

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Speaker 1: ride up to his saddle in Luddite blood, was killed

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Speaker 1: in an ambush. Joseph Radcliffe, a magistrate, called in more

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Speaker 1: troops to fight the protesters and put the area under

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Speaker 1: martial law. Radcliffe was eventually given a baronetcy for his

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Speaker 1: work during the Ledite riots. In spite of the presence

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Speaker 1: of troops for much of the Ludite riot riots, it

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Speaker 1: was hard for officials to get things under control. The

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Speaker 1: Luddites were doing most of their machines smashing at night

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Speaker 1: while masked, and they usually had the support of the

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Speaker 1: local people, so a lot of times they were protected

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Speaker 1: from the legal force as who were hunting them down

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Speaker 1: and Although the movement was relatively coordinated, there wasn't one

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Speaker 1: central leadership that the army could find and capture to

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Speaker 1: put an end to the whole thing. By May of

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Speaker 1: eighteen twelve, fourteen thousand, four hundred troops had been sent

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Speaker 1: to fight these riots. The military force in England became

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Speaker 1: bigger than Wellington's army in Portugal, and it was far

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Speaker 1: bigger than any military force ever used to fight domestic

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Speaker 1: unrest in England. As the protest escalated, Loodites were arrested

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Speaker 1: and tried, with the courts trying to make an example

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Speaker 1: of the people who were on trial to discourage further protests.

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Speaker 1: Bloodites were sentenced to prison, transported to Australia, or hanged. Eventually,

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Speaker 1: Benjamin Walker, William Thorpe, Thomas Smith, and George Miller confessed

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Speaker 1: to being involved in the murder of William Horsfall. Walker

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Speaker 1: earned King's evidence and the other three men were hanged

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Speaker 1: the following January. Another man, William Hall, turned King's evidence

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Speaker 1: in both the Horsefall investigation and the investigation into the

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Speaker 1: attack on Rawford's mill, and he betrayed sixteen other Luddites

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Speaker 1: to the Crown. When the defendants were tried and the

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Speaker 1: Rawford's Mill attack. The jury didn't even adjourn for deliberation.

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Speaker 1: They talked about among themselves for a moment before delivering

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Speaker 1: a guilty verdict against eight defendants. In May of eighteen twelve,

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Speaker 1: several defendants were tried at a special commission in Lancashire,

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Speaker 1: but none of them on charges of machine breaking. Most

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Speaker 1: of the charges were for food riots, arson and making

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Speaker 1: illegal oaths. Even so, eight people were sentenced to death

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Speaker 1: and seventeen were sentenced to transportation to Australia. Seven others

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Speaker 1: were sentenced to prison. The courts weren't the only ones

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Speaker 1: trying to frighten the protesters and to staying in line.

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Speaker 1: Leaders of the movement were also using scare tactics of

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Speaker 1: their own. In some areas, Luddites took an oath that

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Speaker 1: they reveal Luddite secrets, they would be quote sent out

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Speaker 1: of the world by the first brother who shall meet me,

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Speaker 1: and my name and character blotted out of existence, never

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Speaker 1: to be remembered, but with contempt and abhorrence. So people

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Speaker 1: were reluctant to blow the whistle on Luddites that they

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Speaker 1: knew either because of genuine support for the movement, or

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Speaker 1: because they feared the retribution indicated in that oath. In

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Speaker 1: the summer of eighteen twelve, General Thomas Maitland came to

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Speaker 1: put the rebellion down. He offered pardons to people who

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Speaker 1: renounced Luddism and money to the people who informed on

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Speaker 1: other protesters. Since the light activities were really happening at night,

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Speaker 1: he ordered the troops to fight them at night. Soldiers

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Speaker 1: broke up meetings and imprisoned protesters, and anonymous person sent

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Speaker 1: Maitland a letter that that September detailing a number of

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Speaker 1: public houses where Luddites met, and there were of course

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Speaker 1: raids followed by arrests. As a consequence. Sixty four men

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Speaker 1: stood trial at York Castle in eighteen thirteen. Seventeen were

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Speaker 1: executed for machine breaking, twenty five were sent to Australia

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Speaker 1: for giving or receiving illegal oaths. Twenty two were acquitted

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Speaker 1: or released on bail, and that's when the Luddite rebellion

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Speaker 1: really started to dissipate. The peak of the Luddite activity

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Speaker 1: was in eighteen eleven and eighteen twelve, but protests continued

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Speaker 1: until eighteen sixteen. The textile industry continued on its path

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Speaker 1: of mechanization, and the rebellion failed in all of its aims.

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Speaker 1: It didn't stop mechanization, It didn't save people's jobs or wages.

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Speaker 1: It didn't reverse the trend of manufacturers making lower quality goods.

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Speaker 1: It didn't change working conditions in fledgling factories. They really

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Speaker 1: failed on all accounts, and many of them lost their

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Speaker 1: lives doing it. Yes, and yet while the protest was

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Speaker 1: still a failure, and you know, it wasn't the first

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Speaker 1: riot like this in history, the Luddite name has lasted

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Speaker 1: for two hundred years, unlike all of the other machine

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Speaker 1: breaking incidents. Uh, the word Luddite, as we said earlier,

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Speaker 1: became synonymous was something that relates to, although is not

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Speaker 1: exactly the same as what the original protest was all about. Today,

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Speaker 1: there's also a neo Luddite movement that centers on the

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Speaker 1: idea that technology's central place in our lives is damaging

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Speaker 1: some of this linguistic staying power, maybe thanks to the

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Speaker 1: flare for lack of a better word, that the Luddites

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Speaker 1: put into their protests. They were so passionate, and it's

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Speaker 1: such an it's an image that's so easy to conjure

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Speaker 1: in your mind of someone smashing a machine, tibits that

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Speaker 1: it just naturally people make the association, and it's yeah, well,

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Speaker 1: and then rather be rather than being an unruly smash

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Speaker 1: and grab mob. They targeted which mills to go after,

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Speaker 1: and then they disguised themselves to do so. And they

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Speaker 1: also wild disguised did military style drills on the moors

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Speaker 1: at night. And they communicated through secret hand signals, using

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Speaker 1: gestures to send messages and identify one another, as well

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Speaker 1: as conveying poems and songs to each other. You can

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Speaker 1: still find a lot of the lyrics to these online. Uh.

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Speaker 1: The name came about through the mythic character of ned Lud,

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Speaker 1: also known as Captain Lud, General Lud, or King Luod.

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Speaker 1: The first known use of this name in the context

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Speaker 1: of the protests came in November of eighteen eleven. It

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Speaker 1: probably stems from an incident that allegedly took place twenty

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Speaker 1: two years before, when an apprentice whose last name was

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00:21:24,080 --> 00:21:28,080
Speaker 1: Lud or Ludlum smashed a stocking frame in rage after

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Speaker 1: being told to square his needles. So his name kind

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Speaker 1: of stuck and became the name of this mythic leader

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Speaker 1: of the movement, even though he had nothing to do

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Speaker 1: with it. He had nothing to do with it, and

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Speaker 1: there was no Luod leading the riots when they actually happened.

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Speaker 1: The story spread and this fictionalized Luod became the face,

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Speaker 1: though invisible, of the movement. King Lud become a became

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Speaker 1: a mythic figure who, just like Robin Hood, lived in

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Speaker 1: Sherwood Forest of all places, and he wrote taunting letters

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Speaker 1: from his office us there, all of which was fictional. Yeah. Uh.

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Speaker 1: The Ladites were also quotable. In one protest, the Ldites

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Speaker 1: were using giant sledge hammers to break them to break

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Speaker 1: machines in Yorkshire. They named these these hammers Great Enoch,

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Speaker 1: after Enoch Taylor, who ran the firm that made the

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Speaker 1: sledge hammers and also owned the machines that they were destroying.

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Speaker 1: They had a rallying cry of Enoch made them, Enoch

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Speaker 1: will break them. And they also protested in dresses um

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Speaker 1: and called themselves General Lud's wives when they did this

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Speaker 1: just sort of an odd image of these men in

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Speaker 1: drag with giant hammers, chanting and destroying things. Well, and

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00:22:41,960 --> 00:22:44,440
Speaker 1: all these things together kind of made it a protest

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Speaker 1: that had character, which I think is one of the

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Speaker 1: reasons that it has more staying power in people's minds

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Speaker 1: than some of the other machine breaking protests. A lot

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Speaker 1: of the Leadites who evaded capture were really deeply reluctant

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Speaker 1: to talk about it for years after because they feared punishment.

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Speaker 1: This may also have added to this air of mystery

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Speaker 1: about it. Although around the eighteen seventies, as many of

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Speaker 1: the Luddites reached their very later years, some of them

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Speaker 1: did start start to tell their stories and revive some

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Speaker 1: of the Luddite lore. So today a Luddite wouldn't say

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Speaker 1: something along the lines of I don't want an iPhone

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Speaker 1: more like and admittedly this is something of an Apple's

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Speaker 1: to Oranges comparison, uh, they would make between Kodak, which

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Speaker 1: employed one and forty thousand people, in Instagram, which employs

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Speaker 1: about a dozen, or the way newspapers have fallen in

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Speaker 1: the face of the Internet becoming so popular and accessible. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: or just this morning, um, I saw an article that

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Speaker 1: was correlating the rise and capital expenses on things like

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Speaker 1: robots and technology and a drop in paying actual human

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00:23:53,000 --> 00:23:56,560
Speaker 1: labor as a global trend having gone on since the

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Speaker 1: nineteen eighties. That is the sort of thing that would

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Speaker 1: lead to a neo lud I protest today more so

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00:24:01,880 --> 00:24:07,919
Speaker 1: than I don't want the latest operating systems, no new things.

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Speaker 1: King Leod may rise again. So yes, that is the

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Speaker 1: story of the Luddite movement. Different than people probably suspect

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Speaker 1: in any way. Yes, definitely different than the colloquial use

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Speaker 1: of Luddite. Well, and I think some people associate them

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Speaker 1: with and this is completely wrong, of course, the Amish.

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Speaker 1: I think there was a I mean, I've had people

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Speaker 1: say that when I'm like, we're going to talk about

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Speaker 1: the Luodites. Were they like the Amish? Not at all?

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Speaker 1: Really not really, we really didn't have a problem with

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Speaker 1: machines if the machines were used. Well yeah, thank you

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Speaker 1: so much for joining us for this Saturday classic. Since

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Speaker 1: this is out of the archive, if you heard an

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Speaker 1: email address or a Facebook U r L or something

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Speaker 1: similar during the course of the show, that maybe obs eleape. Now,

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Speaker 1: so here's our current contact information. We are at History Podcasts,

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Speaker 1: at how Stuff Works dot com, and then we're at

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Speaker 1: Missed in the History. All over social media that is

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00:25:10,160 --> 00:25:14,640
Speaker 1: our name on Facebook, Twitter, Tumblr, Pinterest, and Instagram. Thanks

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00:25:14,680 --> 00:25:19,000
Speaker 1: again for listening for more on this and thousands of

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Speaker 1: other topics. Is it how stuff works? Dot com