1 00:00:01,680 --> 00:00:07,200 Speaker 1: Cozon Media, Hello and welcome to it could happen here. 2 00:00:07,760 --> 00:00:13,960 Speaker 1: It's time to finally continue our journey through Latin American anarchism. Now, 3 00:00:14,040 --> 00:00:17,680 Speaker 1: so far we've covered almost every country in Latin America 4 00:00:17,680 --> 00:00:23,919 Speaker 1: at this point, including Peru, Chile, Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, Central America. 5 00:00:24,480 --> 00:00:29,000 Speaker 1: The country is the former Grand Colombia, like Venezuela, Ecuador, Colombia, 6 00:00:29,040 --> 00:00:31,120 Speaker 1: and also Cuba and. 7 00:00:31,080 --> 00:00:32,440 Speaker 2: A few other islands in the Caribbean. 8 00:00:33,280 --> 00:00:37,400 Speaker 1: And now before we get to the really big history 9 00:00:38,400 --> 00:00:40,400 Speaker 1: that I've kind of been saved as the finale, that 10 00:00:40,560 --> 00:00:44,000 Speaker 1: is anarchism in Mexico, we're going to be talking about 11 00:00:44,120 --> 00:00:46,559 Speaker 1: the anarchist movement in Uruguay. 12 00:00:46,960 --> 00:00:49,320 Speaker 2: So my name is Andrew Sage. 13 00:00:49,760 --> 00:00:53,239 Speaker 1: You can find on YouTube as Andrewism and you can 14 00:00:53,280 --> 00:00:55,840 Speaker 1: also find the bulk of the research for today's episode 15 00:00:55,960 --> 00:01:00,640 Speaker 1: in an Hill Capialities, aptly titled Anarchism in Latin America. 16 00:01:01,080 --> 00:01:06,440 Speaker 2: I'm joined today by James me again and it's been 17 00:01:06,480 --> 00:01:06,840 Speaker 2: a while. 18 00:01:07,000 --> 00:01:07,920 Speaker 3: Yeah, it has been a while. 19 00:01:08,280 --> 00:01:11,399 Speaker 2: Nice to be back, great to be back in conversation. 20 00:01:11,800 --> 00:01:15,480 Speaker 1: Yeah, So before we could really get into the history 21 00:01:15,520 --> 00:01:18,600 Speaker 1: of anarchism and Uruguay, I probably should give some context 22 00:01:18,760 --> 00:01:23,919 Speaker 1: as to how Uruguay became Uruguay, and well, my source 23 00:01:24,000 --> 00:01:26,880 Speaker 1: for this history is primarily the Encyclopedia Britannica. 24 00:01:27,720 --> 00:01:31,440 Speaker 2: So, before the whole scoot of. 25 00:01:31,400 --> 00:01:35,399 Speaker 1: European clonalism, what is now known as Uruguay supports it 26 00:01:35,440 --> 00:01:39,000 Speaker 1: a population of about five thousand to ten thousand people, 27 00:01:39,480 --> 00:01:43,560 Speaker 1: which were organized in semi nomadic groups. You had the Taroua, 28 00:01:44,000 --> 00:01:49,600 Speaker 1: the China, and the Guarani Indians primarily. So the first 29 00:01:49,800 --> 00:01:54,640 Speaker 1: European visits took place first in fifteen sixteen, and they 30 00:01:54,640 --> 00:01:58,640 Speaker 1: weren't particularly successful or of interest. Spain was looking for 31 00:01:58,760 --> 00:02:01,920 Speaker 1: gold and looking for silver. That was their incentive for 32 00:02:02,000 --> 00:02:04,800 Speaker 1: colonization at the time, and they didn't see any of that, 33 00:02:04,880 --> 00:02:08,240 Speaker 1: so they didn't have much motivation to stick around. It 34 00:02:08,280 --> 00:02:11,280 Speaker 1: was until the sixteen twenties, over a century later, that 35 00:02:11,480 --> 00:02:16,280 Speaker 1: Jesuit and Franciscan missionaries set up religious settlements, but unfortunately, 36 00:02:16,320 --> 00:02:20,079 Speaker 1: by then, Uruguay's native population had already begun to collapse. 37 00:02:20,680 --> 00:02:25,160 Speaker 1: Thousands of people were succumbing to European diseases, so they 38 00:02:25,200 --> 00:02:28,480 Speaker 1: had no immunity to a couple of centuries later, in 39 00:02:28,520 --> 00:02:33,520 Speaker 1: eighteen hundred, Uruguay continued along with a very small population. 40 00:02:33,760 --> 00:02:36,720 Speaker 1: At this point it was about thirty thousand people in total, 41 00:02:37,400 --> 00:02:40,760 Speaker 1: and a third of their population lived in the capital 42 00:02:40,800 --> 00:02:41,919 Speaker 1: city of Montevideo. 43 00:02:42,919 --> 00:02:44,640 Speaker 2: Another thirty of their population. 44 00:02:44,840 --> 00:02:48,919 Speaker 1: Were African slaves who worked on ranchers and meat processing 45 00:02:48,919 --> 00:02:53,040 Speaker 1: plants and as domestic servants. Meanwhile, the elite, whether they 46 00:02:53,080 --> 00:02:57,040 Speaker 1: be wealthy traders, bankers, or landowners, mostly traced their routes 47 00:02:57,080 --> 00:03:00,520 Speaker 1: to Catalonia, the Basque Country, the Canary Islands other parts 48 00:03:00,560 --> 00:03:04,160 Speaker 1: of Spain. We get into eighteen ten, when a lot 49 00:03:04,200 --> 00:03:08,200 Speaker 1: of the Latin American countries had been fighting for their independence. 50 00:03:08,600 --> 00:03:12,959 Speaker 1: Buenos Aires Argentina was among them. But while Argentino was 51 00:03:13,000 --> 00:03:17,239 Speaker 1: fighting for its independence, Montevideo was a Royalist stronghold backed 52 00:03:17,280 --> 00:03:21,560 Speaker 1: by the Spanish military and naval forces. On the country side, 53 00:03:21,639 --> 00:03:26,040 Speaker 1: it was a different story though Uruguay's greatest independence zero 54 00:03:26,200 --> 00:03:29,480 Speaker 1: kind of came out of that space. His name was 55 00:03:29,720 --> 00:03:35,480 Speaker 1: Jose Grevasio Artigaz, and he originally led a Spanish cavalry unit, 56 00:03:36,080 --> 00:03:39,120 Speaker 1: but eventually turned against the crown in eighteen eleven and 57 00:03:39,280 --> 00:03:43,200 Speaker 1: rallied an army of rural fighters, freed African slaves and 58 00:03:43,320 --> 00:03:46,880 Speaker 1: anti royalist leaders from Montevideo. So with the back in 59 00:03:47,280 --> 00:03:50,440 Speaker 1: from Bernos Airis. His forces were able to score key 60 00:03:50,520 --> 00:03:55,480 Speaker 1: victories and eventually oust the Spanish, but Artigas had much 61 00:03:55,520 --> 00:03:59,640 Speaker 1: bigger ambitions. He wanted a confederation of provinces to resisted 62 00:03:59,680 --> 00:04:03,400 Speaker 1: the domin Buenos Aires. In fact, he wanted Montevideo to 63 00:04:03,400 --> 00:04:07,480 Speaker 1: become the center of a rival confederation, as prior to 64 00:04:07,560 --> 00:04:12,120 Speaker 1: Argentina becoming Argentina, it was sort of a loose confederation 65 00:04:13,080 --> 00:04:18,479 Speaker 1: centered in Buenos Aires. Artigas's ideas also included things like 66 00:04:18,520 --> 00:04:22,440 Speaker 1: redistributing the land to freed slaves and Poiuguayans, which made 67 00:04:22,480 --> 00:04:25,360 Speaker 1: him obviously very popular among the poor and very much 68 00:04:25,360 --> 00:04:29,640 Speaker 1: a threat to the elite. Eventually, he was forced into 69 00:04:29,680 --> 00:04:34,800 Speaker 1: exile because he made some enemies that basically sat on 70 00:04:34,839 --> 00:04:39,640 Speaker 1: their hands as the Portuguese Brazilian forces invaded and took 71 00:04:39,680 --> 00:04:44,360 Speaker 1: over the region. Despite his exile, though the fight really 72 00:04:44,560 --> 00:04:47,479 Speaker 1: wasn't over, you know. After the occupation, which was often 73 00:04:47,480 --> 00:04:53,159 Speaker 1: called Brazilianization, it was resisted very heavily by locals and exiles, 74 00:04:54,160 --> 00:04:56,840 Speaker 1: and of course Argentina, which had become some lot of 75 00:04:56,880 --> 00:05:01,240 Speaker 1: a rival power to Brazil in the region. Brazil's influence 76 00:05:01,279 --> 00:05:07,120 Speaker 1: in Uruguay as a threat so eventually one of Artigas's 77 00:05:07,160 --> 00:05:10,920 Speaker 1: exile officers, a guy named Juan Antonio Lavayer, would lead 78 00:05:11,080 --> 00:05:16,280 Speaker 1: a force that would cross the river and reclaim Uruguay. 79 00:05:17,120 --> 00:05:18,920 Speaker 1: The fight would end in a steel meat and then 80 00:05:18,960 --> 00:05:21,640 Speaker 1: British deplomat to step in, because of course the British 81 00:05:21,680 --> 00:05:25,200 Speaker 1: had their own interests in the region. But eventually, in 82 00:05:25,240 --> 00:05:28,200 Speaker 1: eighteen twenty eight, a treaty was signed officially creates in 83 00:05:28,279 --> 00:05:32,600 Speaker 1: Uruguay as an independent Nasia, a buffer state between Argentina 84 00:05:32,960 --> 00:05:38,040 Speaker 1: and Brazil. In eighteen thirty, Uruguay's first constitution was ratified, 85 00:05:38,480 --> 00:05:40,479 Speaker 1: and at the time the country had a population of 86 00:05:40,640 --> 00:05:42,480 Speaker 1: just seventy four thousand people. 87 00:05:43,520 --> 00:05:47,160 Speaker 2: All that war kind of left the country in ruins. 88 00:05:47,920 --> 00:05:50,840 Speaker 1: A lot of the once wealthy colonial families were devastated, 89 00:05:50,920 --> 00:05:54,520 Speaker 1: the cattle numbers had plummeted, and the threat of both 90 00:05:54,600 --> 00:05:58,920 Speaker 1: Argentina and Brazil still persisted despite the treaty at being signed. 91 00:06:00,040 --> 00:06:02,520 Speaker 1: So then the nation ended up being split into two 92 00:06:02,640 --> 00:06:07,599 Speaker 1: rival factions. You had the faction that was led by 93 00:06:08,320 --> 00:06:11,960 Speaker 1: Uruguay's first president and then you had the faction that 94 00:06:12,000 --> 00:06:16,080 Speaker 1: was led by Uruguay's second president, and they became face 95 00:06:16,279 --> 00:06:18,880 Speaker 1: rivals that ignited a civil war known as the Gera 96 00:06:18,920 --> 00:06:20,159 Speaker 1: Grande or Great War. 97 00:06:20,600 --> 00:06:22,000 Speaker 2: I'd to make a long story short. 98 00:06:22,480 --> 00:06:28,320 Speaker 1: The first President's supporters became known as the Colorado Party 99 00:06:29,080 --> 00:06:32,839 Speaker 1: and they controlled Montevideo, and the second president's supporters became 100 00:06:32,880 --> 00:06:35,400 Speaker 1: known as the White Party or the Blanco Party, and 101 00:06:35,440 --> 00:06:39,120 Speaker 1: they dominated the countryside. And so they were fight from 102 00:06:39,120 --> 00:06:41,880 Speaker 1: time to time, each side being backed by different parties. 103 00:06:41,880 --> 00:06:46,120 Speaker 1: The Blancos were backed by Argentina, the Colorados were backed 104 00:06:46,120 --> 00:06:49,679 Speaker 1: by France and England and then eventually Brazil, and after 105 00:06:50,000 --> 00:06:53,760 Speaker 1: about a decade of war, there was still no clear 106 00:06:54,160 --> 00:06:57,320 Speaker 1: victory as to who you know, came out of it 107 00:06:57,640 --> 00:07:00,960 Speaker 1: as a success in state. The interior of the country 108 00:07:01,000 --> 00:07:05,800 Speaker 1: was devastated, government was bankrupt, its very existence as an 109 00:07:05,800 --> 00:07:10,680 Speaker 1: independent nation came into doubt, and the divisions between the 110 00:07:10,720 --> 00:07:16,640 Speaker 1: people who backed either party became more stark than ever. Eventually, 111 00:07:16,720 --> 00:07:19,239 Speaker 1: the Colorados were able to force Blancos out of power 112 00:07:20,040 --> 00:07:24,000 Speaker 1: thanks to their back in by Brazil, and that move 113 00:07:24,200 --> 00:07:27,600 Speaker 1: ended up alarming Paraguay, who was also a fred in 114 00:07:27,640 --> 00:07:31,520 Speaker 1: Brazil's influence. So Paraguay ended up launching what became known 115 00:07:31,520 --> 00:07:33,400 Speaker 1: as the War of the Triple Alliance, which is something 116 00:07:33,440 --> 00:07:37,840 Speaker 1: I covered in the episode of Paraguay and anarchism. Eventually, 117 00:07:38,360 --> 00:07:41,240 Speaker 1: after getting out of the civil wars and all these 118 00:07:41,280 --> 00:07:44,840 Speaker 1: disputes and foreign powers medal inst affairs, we have the 119 00:07:44,880 --> 00:07:50,120 Speaker 1: situation Huruguay found itself in in the nineteenth century, a 120 00:07:50,160 --> 00:07:55,720 Speaker 1: situation that waves of immigrants and also anarchism would find 121 00:07:55,840 --> 00:08:09,520 Speaker 1: themselves in. So Capelletti identifies a few of the early 122 00:08:09,680 --> 00:08:14,600 Speaker 1: forces that shaped you requ radicalism before anarchism and cynicalism. 123 00:08:14,720 --> 00:08:17,760 Speaker 1: The first factor shape in the radical landscape in Uruguay's 124 00:08:17,840 --> 00:08:22,800 Speaker 1: eighteenth century was utopian socialism. It came to Uruguay with 125 00:08:23,160 --> 00:08:26,440 Speaker 1: Eugenio Tandinet in eighteen forty four, and he was a 126 00:08:26,520 --> 00:08:30,760 Speaker 1: French utopian socialist and follower of Charles Freer, who's one 127 00:08:30,800 --> 00:08:35,319 Speaker 1: of the founders of utopian socialism. That whole milieu advocated 128 00:08:35,360 --> 00:08:39,960 Speaker 1: for reconstruction of society based on communal associations of producers 129 00:08:40,360 --> 00:08:45,240 Speaker 1: known as falangis. And then with their influence afterwards came 130 00:08:45,360 --> 00:08:49,120 Speaker 1: the next force of influence the Italian migrants who had 131 00:08:49,160 --> 00:08:54,280 Speaker 1: fought in the Civil War. These were republicans who eventually 132 00:08:54,280 --> 00:08:58,840 Speaker 1: became socialists. And in the next influence was the mutualist 133 00:08:58,880 --> 00:09:01,920 Speaker 1: movement that was inspired put On in the eighteen seventies, 134 00:09:02,240 --> 00:09:06,320 Speaker 1: first the rising in Uruguay among artisans and workers and 135 00:09:06,520 --> 00:09:10,880 Speaker 1: establishing mutual aid societies to meet people's needs. A friend 136 00:09:11,000 --> 00:09:15,280 Speaker 1: of Pedros of Prodona himself, a guy named Jose Ernesto Gilbert, 137 00:09:15,559 --> 00:09:18,160 Speaker 1: had actually moved to Montevideo for a bit after being 138 00:09:18,240 --> 00:09:22,160 Speaker 1: exiled from France. And I don't think he did anything 139 00:09:22,240 --> 00:09:27,439 Speaker 1: too actively political. He did pursue botanic studies in Uruguay, 140 00:09:27,880 --> 00:09:30,400 Speaker 1: and I believe there was some kind of creature. 141 00:09:30,120 --> 00:09:33,920 Speaker 2: Named after him. So let's cool, you know, so fun fact. 142 00:09:34,840 --> 00:09:38,200 Speaker 1: Finally, as we kind of exit the nineteenth century, you had, 143 00:09:38,200 --> 00:09:42,079 Speaker 1: of course the rise of unions and internationalist organizations in 144 00:09:42,120 --> 00:09:46,040 Speaker 1: the eighteen seventies and eighteen eighties. You had fights for workers' rights, 145 00:09:46,320 --> 00:09:50,000 Speaker 1: You had the struggle for an international socialism. And you 146 00:09:50,080 --> 00:09:54,040 Speaker 1: have what Capital identifies as a Uruguayan section of the 147 00:09:54,040 --> 00:09:59,120 Speaker 1: Association International de Trabajadores which was established in eighteen seventy two, 148 00:10:00,040 --> 00:10:02,800 Speaker 1: and engage in a public action in eighteen seventy five 149 00:10:02,840 --> 00:10:08,000 Speaker 1: that had some two thousand attendees. They established something of 150 00:10:08,000 --> 00:10:12,440 Speaker 1: a manifesto where one lion had asked who better and 151 00:10:12,600 --> 00:10:16,600 Speaker 1: of greater faith than ourselves can destroy the criminal exploitation 152 00:10:16,760 --> 00:10:20,000 Speaker 1: to which we are condemned as a whole. The manifesto 153 00:10:20,040 --> 00:10:23,680 Speaker 1: basically asked workers to unite, and this was in a 154 00:10:23,720 --> 00:10:26,720 Speaker 1: time where anarchism was finally starting to pick up in 155 00:10:26,760 --> 00:10:27,240 Speaker 1: the region. 156 00:10:28,240 --> 00:10:30,280 Speaker 2: Another group formed in eighteen seventy six. 157 00:10:30,400 --> 00:10:35,600 Speaker 1: This was the Ferracion Regional de la Republca Oriental del Uruguay, 158 00:10:36,160 --> 00:10:40,520 Speaker 1: later called the ferracanal Uruguaya or f O r U, 159 00:10:41,160 --> 00:10:47,520 Speaker 1: and they published peoples like Social, La Luca Obrera, La Fravadores, 160 00:10:48,160 --> 00:10:52,640 Speaker 1: Liman Spasion, and Siddy Dad. And it was a very 161 00:10:52,679 --> 00:10:56,199 Speaker 1: small but virgin in movement, but they didn't take very 162 00:10:56,240 --> 00:11:00,640 Speaker 1: long to start making some moves as cap Latino in 163 00:11:00,760 --> 00:11:03,800 Speaker 1: they celebrated the anniversary of the Paris Commune in March 164 00:11:03,840 --> 00:11:08,600 Speaker 1: eighteenth and collected forty pesos on behalf of libertarian prisoners 165 00:11:08,640 --> 00:11:12,240 Speaker 1: in Lyon. They also collected money to support their papers 166 00:11:12,280 --> 00:11:15,360 Speaker 1: and to support papers and efforts elsewhere, like in France. 167 00:11:16,160 --> 00:11:19,440 Speaker 1: What's interesting about the Uruguayan anarchists is that they were 168 00:11:19,600 --> 00:11:24,480 Speaker 1: among the most internationalists that I have found so far. 169 00:11:25,440 --> 00:11:27,880 Speaker 1: You know, like other parts of Latin America, they did 170 00:11:27,920 --> 00:11:31,560 Speaker 1: have a large immigrant population yeah, but because I suppose 171 00:11:31,679 --> 00:11:34,840 Speaker 1: the size of Uruguay compared to those other countries, the 172 00:11:34,840 --> 00:11:39,440 Speaker 1: immigrant population was probably larger proportional to their neighbors. So 173 00:11:39,480 --> 00:11:43,599 Speaker 1: they ended up having a much greater connection to movements 174 00:11:43,640 --> 00:11:46,320 Speaker 1: and you know, things that happened in other parts of 175 00:11:46,360 --> 00:11:48,000 Speaker 1: the world, including their home countries. 176 00:11:48,720 --> 00:11:51,040 Speaker 3: Yeah, that makes it was sir. I'm trying to remember 177 00:11:51,040 --> 00:11:54,720 Speaker 3: exactly when this began, but like there was a movement 178 00:11:55,280 --> 00:11:57,680 Speaker 3: among anarchists I guess in the early more in the 179 00:11:57,679 --> 00:12:00,400 Speaker 3: early twentieth century to like learn esperanto as part of 180 00:12:00,400 --> 00:12:01,319 Speaker 3: their internationalism. 181 00:12:01,960 --> 00:12:04,080 Speaker 1: Yes, that's actually a history that I would love to 182 00:12:04,160 --> 00:12:05,400 Speaker 1: cover in an episode. 183 00:12:06,360 --> 00:12:08,520 Speaker 3: I will connect you to somebody who wrote books about 184 00:12:08,559 --> 00:12:09,480 Speaker 3: it with pleasure. 185 00:12:10,080 --> 00:12:12,120 Speaker 2: Really yeah, yeah, it'll be fantastic. 186 00:12:12,240 --> 00:12:14,720 Speaker 3: My first book was about the anti Fascist Olympics and 187 00:12:15,559 --> 00:12:20,880 Speaker 3: the last surviving Popular Olympian, the Guardo Vivancos, died in 188 00:12:20,920 --> 00:12:23,920 Speaker 3: twenty twenty two in Canada and an old people's home. 189 00:12:23,920 --> 00:12:26,880 Speaker 3: I've been trying to visit him, but because of the 190 00:12:26,920 --> 00:12:29,440 Speaker 3: COVID restrictions for in the old people's home, I wasn't 191 00:12:29,440 --> 00:12:33,559 Speaker 3: able to. But he he had served as a Esperanto 192 00:12:33,720 --> 00:12:37,920 Speaker 3: translator at the Popular Olympics, and like lived out his 193 00:12:38,000 --> 00:12:41,280 Speaker 3: whole life with this dream of like if we can, 194 00:12:41,720 --> 00:12:44,199 Speaker 3: if we can break down the linguistic barriers between workers, 195 00:12:44,200 --> 00:12:46,760 Speaker 3: and we can we can get together and change things. 196 00:12:47,080 --> 00:12:50,240 Speaker 1: Wow, that is fascinating. You know what's interesting about the 197 00:12:50,240 --> 00:12:54,920 Speaker 1: whole Esperanto connection to anarchism is that long before I 198 00:12:55,000 --> 00:12:59,440 Speaker 1: really got into anarchism or even learned about anarchism, I 199 00:12:59,520 --> 00:13:01,280 Speaker 1: actually try to learn Esperanto. 200 00:13:01,960 --> 00:13:04,120 Speaker 3: Let's here you go. It worked. Did they see that 201 00:13:04,200 --> 00:13:06,520 Speaker 3: this is what they wanted? You saw the barriers fall 202 00:13:06,559 --> 00:13:09,800 Speaker 3: down once you there, once you began speaking esperandi. 203 00:13:09,960 --> 00:13:11,040 Speaker 2: I didn't get very far. 204 00:13:11,280 --> 00:13:13,920 Speaker 1: I think it was around the time when like dueling 205 00:13:14,160 --> 00:13:18,720 Speaker 1: I first introduced it into their like courses, Okay, and 206 00:13:18,840 --> 00:13:20,760 Speaker 1: I saw it and I like did like a brief 207 00:13:20,800 --> 00:13:23,440 Speaker 1: reading on it, and I was like, oh, this looks interesting, 208 00:13:23,760 --> 00:13:24,920 Speaker 1: and so I tried to pick it up and I 209 00:13:24,920 --> 00:13:26,240 Speaker 1: studied it for a little while, but. 210 00:13:26,640 --> 00:13:27,880 Speaker 2: I didn't get particularly far. 211 00:13:28,040 --> 00:13:31,520 Speaker 1: Yeah, but now we're looking in the connection between Esperanto 212 00:13:31,520 --> 00:13:33,480 Speaker 1: and a Nikus, I'm just like, wow, you know, the 213 00:13:33,520 --> 00:13:36,320 Speaker 1: seeds were already there in a sense, yeah. 214 00:13:36,200 --> 00:13:38,560 Speaker 3: Yeah, yeah, yeah, you were ready for it. That was 215 00:13:38,559 --> 00:13:41,720 Speaker 3: a dream of the of the nineteen twenties and thirties. 216 00:13:41,720 --> 00:13:43,559 Speaker 3: I'm glad that you're living in for sure. 217 00:13:43,679 --> 00:13:46,640 Speaker 1: And actually we're about to enter, well at least the 218 00:13:46,920 --> 00:13:52,079 Speaker 1: twentieth century in our little historical review here, and it's 219 00:13:52,120 --> 00:13:55,160 Speaker 1: almost really started to finally pick up steam by this point, 220 00:13:55,320 --> 00:13:59,880 Speaker 1: becoming very commonly known across Iraquai. In fact, by nine 221 00:14:00,080 --> 00:14:04,720 Speaker 1: team eleven, according to Capitaletes research of the official stats, 222 00:14:05,320 --> 00:14:08,640 Speaker 1: there were one hundred and seventeen thousand industrial workers in 223 00:14:08,760 --> 00:14:14,320 Speaker 1: Uruguay and of those, ninety thousand were affiliated with the FRU. 224 00:14:15,400 --> 00:14:19,040 Speaker 1: So what's seventy six percent of those industrial workers were 225 00:14:19,040 --> 00:14:25,120 Speaker 1: affiliated with an explicitly anarchist organization that included port workers, 226 00:14:25,440 --> 00:14:30,360 Speaker 1: construction workers, metal workers, horse drivers, railway workers, and a 227 00:14:30,360 --> 00:14:32,280 Speaker 1: lot more. And to be honest with you, I'm not 228 00:14:32,440 --> 00:14:37,040 Speaker 1: entirely sure what kept them from taking Boulder action compared 229 00:14:37,040 --> 00:14:41,440 Speaker 1: to some of their neighbors, considering their proportion the numbers 230 00:14:41,560 --> 00:14:45,360 Speaker 1: they had, But unfortunately didn't take very long for the 231 00:14:45,360 --> 00:14:50,960 Speaker 1: movement to be divided, particularly after the Russian Revolution. There was, 232 00:14:51,000 --> 00:14:55,040 Speaker 1: of course, the influence of Bolshevik ideas that had split 233 00:14:55,080 --> 00:14:58,840 Speaker 1: the movement somewhat, bringing workers onto the Bolshvikkers and then 234 00:14:58,880 --> 00:15:03,280 Speaker 1: of course you had sponsorship. It was within the USSR's 235 00:15:03,400 --> 00:15:09,360 Speaker 1: interest to support USSR aligned movements worldwide, and so a 236 00:15:09,400 --> 00:15:12,560 Speaker 1: lot of libertarian groups around the world went into decline 237 00:15:12,720 --> 00:15:17,720 Speaker 1: in that time, including in Uruguay some of the unions 238 00:15:17,800 --> 00:15:20,640 Speaker 1: and up faltering under the pressure of both the state 239 00:15:20,880 --> 00:15:24,680 Speaker 1: and of course the new draw that was the Marxist 240 00:15:24,720 --> 00:15:31,120 Speaker 1: Leninist groups. But of course the libertarians never really gave up, as. 241 00:15:31,240 --> 00:15:33,720 Speaker 2: They don't tend to historically speak it. 242 00:15:34,480 --> 00:15:38,200 Speaker 1: So the unions and groups continued acting, continued producing papers. 243 00:15:38,480 --> 00:15:40,840 Speaker 1: In fact, there was a major siurge and unionization in 244 00:15:40,880 --> 00:15:44,400 Speaker 1: the nineteen forties, according to Paul Sharki's The Ferracrio and 245 00:15:44,440 --> 00:15:49,480 Speaker 1: Anarchista i Uruguaya, especially among the textile workers, real women talkers, 246 00:15:49,560 --> 00:15:54,000 Speaker 1: construction workers and meatbackers. And then outside of the union 247 00:15:54,120 --> 00:15:57,920 Speaker 1: and people pushing scene, you're at Uruguayan writers that continue 248 00:15:57,960 --> 00:16:02,560 Speaker 1: to shape the cultural scene with anarchist ideas. Florencio Sanchez, 249 00:16:02,600 --> 00:16:05,800 Speaker 1: for example, was a playwright in the Riore La Plata 250 00:16:05,960 --> 00:16:09,840 Speaker 1: region whose experience in nationalist militias led him to align 251 00:16:09,880 --> 00:16:13,280 Speaker 1: himself with anarchist circles. He worked as a journalist while 252 00:16:13,320 --> 00:16:18,160 Speaker 1: actively participating in anarchist organizations and publications, including La Protesta 253 00:16:18,240 --> 00:16:21,600 Speaker 1: in buros Airis. His plays tackled social issues such as 254 00:16:21,640 --> 00:16:26,400 Speaker 1: class struggle, intergenerational conflicts, and the hardships of the working class. 255 00:16:26,920 --> 00:16:27,640 Speaker 2: Then you also had. 256 00:16:27,600 --> 00:16:32,240 Speaker 1: Other Urquian literary figures influenced by anarchism and contributing to 257 00:16:32,320 --> 00:16:38,400 Speaker 1: the libertarian literary movement, including poet Julio hirera Iseg, novelist 258 00:16:38,400 --> 00:16:44,119 Speaker 1: Torrecio Kiroga, and Bohemian writer Roberto de las Carreras. And interestingly, 259 00:16:44,200 --> 00:16:48,040 Speaker 1: there was another notable figure in anarchism connected to perhaps 260 00:16:48,720 --> 00:16:51,640 Speaker 1: the most or one of the most notable figures in anarchism, 261 00:16:51,840 --> 00:16:54,760 Speaker 1: and that was the friend and biographer of Erko Mala 262 00:16:54,760 --> 00:17:01,400 Speaker 1: Testa himself, Luigi Fabri. Fabri founded the journal Study Sociali, 263 00:17:01,480 --> 00:17:04,960 Speaker 1: which was one of the strongest libertarian publications in Uruguay 264 00:17:05,040 --> 00:17:09,360 Speaker 1: and Latin America, and after he died, his daughter, Lucy 265 00:17:09,680 --> 00:17:13,320 Speaker 1: Fabrie continued his work and edited the journal until nineteen 266 00:17:13,400 --> 00:17:16,919 Speaker 1: forty six. Lucy Fabrie was also one of the founders 267 00:17:17,040 --> 00:17:20,960 Speaker 1: of the FAU and she also published quite a few 268 00:17:20,960 --> 00:17:23,159 Speaker 1: books in her time, many of which have yet to 269 00:17:23,200 --> 00:17:26,280 Speaker 1: be translated into English. I wish I could you know, 270 00:17:26,440 --> 00:17:27,040 Speaker 1: check them out. 271 00:17:27,640 --> 00:17:31,360 Speaker 3: Yeah, Paul Sharky, you just mentioned he's the guy. He's 272 00:17:31,359 --> 00:17:34,879 Speaker 3: translated like a library of anarchist text. 273 00:17:35,320 --> 00:17:35,560 Speaker 2: Yeah. 274 00:17:35,680 --> 00:17:39,320 Speaker 1: Yeah, I think translators they don't get as much praise 275 00:17:39,359 --> 00:17:42,959 Speaker 1: as they should. You know, they're really an underrated contribution 276 00:17:43,160 --> 00:17:45,560 Speaker 1: to the movement and to the propagation of the movement 277 00:17:45,600 --> 00:17:46,680 Speaker 1: in new spaces. 278 00:17:47,040 --> 00:17:50,680 Speaker 3: Yeah. Absolutely. I translated some text for a zine last year, 279 00:17:50,720 --> 00:17:52,440 Speaker 3: and it is a lot of work. 280 00:17:52,880 --> 00:17:53,120 Speaker 2: Yep. 281 00:17:53,280 --> 00:17:55,640 Speaker 3: Oh, yeah, massive respect to people who do that. 282 00:17:55,800 --> 00:18:00,880 Speaker 1: Unfortunately, translation is not as simple as just word for word, 283 00:18:01,680 --> 00:18:03,320 Speaker 1: you know. You really do have to get the spirit 284 00:18:03,560 --> 00:18:06,359 Speaker 1: of the text out of it somehow, sometimes with different 285 00:18:06,359 --> 00:18:07,760 Speaker 1: phrasing and that kind of thing. 286 00:18:08,000 --> 00:18:09,280 Speaker 2: Yeah, exactly, it's difficult. 287 00:18:09,520 --> 00:18:11,560 Speaker 3: Google can't do that for you, yep. 288 00:18:11,600 --> 00:18:14,280 Speaker 1: I mean I appreciate its having the ability to like 289 00:18:14,400 --> 00:18:18,600 Speaker 1: go on a website and like have Google translates translate 290 00:18:18,600 --> 00:18:21,160 Speaker 1: the web page quickly for me, But that has very 291 00:18:21,280 --> 00:18:24,840 Speaker 1: clear and obvious weaknesses, you know, when you go through 292 00:18:24,880 --> 00:18:29,000 Speaker 1: it in terms of actually translating the information. Yeah, it's 293 00:18:29,040 --> 00:18:33,120 Speaker 1: good for like getting like a vague gist, right, but 294 00:18:33,440 --> 00:18:36,760 Speaker 1: professional translators aren't going away anytime soon. 295 00:18:37,240 --> 00:18:39,199 Speaker 3: No, No, it's a great thing to do if you 296 00:18:39,920 --> 00:18:42,400 Speaker 3: if you have a couple of languages, like to make 297 00:18:42,440 --> 00:18:45,160 Speaker 3: the world visible from someone else's perspective. It's such a 298 00:18:45,440 --> 00:18:47,840 Speaker 3: such a wonderful thing to be able to try and 299 00:18:47,880 --> 00:18:49,040 Speaker 3: share that. It's really special. 300 00:18:49,440 --> 00:18:52,000 Speaker 1: Yeah, particularly for the last less well known or less 301 00:18:52,040 --> 00:18:55,879 Speaker 1: popular languages. Yeah, you know, although you'll be surprised, some 302 00:18:55,920 --> 00:18:59,159 Speaker 1: of the most popular languages, most widely spoken languages in 303 00:18:59,200 --> 00:19:03,480 Speaker 1: the world, are still lacking some key translations of some 304 00:19:03,600 --> 00:19:06,159 Speaker 1: very key literature. You know, you'd be surprised, Like the 305 00:19:06,280 --> 00:19:09,600 Speaker 1: kinds of text that we take for granted, the theory 306 00:19:09,640 --> 00:19:10,399 Speaker 1: and stuff we take. 307 00:19:10,280 --> 00:19:14,719 Speaker 2: For granted, that's just not available and visivily, sir. 308 00:19:14,920 --> 00:19:18,399 Speaker 1: You know, there's probably a lot of gems out there 309 00:19:19,200 --> 00:19:20,080 Speaker 1: that I've yet to hit. 310 00:19:20,119 --> 00:19:22,280 Speaker 2: The English language definitely. 311 00:19:22,440 --> 00:19:25,640 Speaker 3: Yeah, yeah, like just because especially if it's a big language, 312 00:19:25,640 --> 00:19:28,800 Speaker 3: like a language is something like Arabic of Spanish, Mandarin 313 00:19:28,840 --> 00:19:31,720 Speaker 3: where so many people speak it already, like there's less 314 00:19:32,280 --> 00:19:35,440 Speaker 3: need to translate it because like it's it's getting out there. 315 00:19:35,480 --> 00:19:39,359 Speaker 3: I suppose that pizza isn't quite the same like urgency 316 00:19:39,400 --> 00:19:42,400 Speaker 3: to translate it, but the ideas get out through sort 317 00:19:42,400 --> 00:19:45,040 Speaker 3: of powerphrase, I suppose because enough people can readly in 318 00:19:45,080 --> 00:19:48,760 Speaker 3: the ritual language and then paraphrase it in other languages. 319 00:19:49,480 --> 00:19:51,639 Speaker 1: Yeah, as long as the idea gets there, you know, 320 00:19:51,800 --> 00:19:54,200 Speaker 1: the exact words may not necessarily be important. 321 00:19:54,800 --> 00:19:58,040 Speaker 3: Yeah, there's some beauty, and like the piece I translated 322 00:19:58,119 --> 00:20:01,240 Speaker 3: was pretty sure. But it's the Belgian anarchists who fought 323 00:20:01,240 --> 00:20:03,080 Speaker 3: in the Spanish Civil War and then went into exile 324 00:20:03,119 --> 00:20:06,439 Speaker 3: in South America. But the way he writes about the 325 00:20:06,440 --> 00:20:09,000 Speaker 3: revolutionary moment is one of the most perfect and beautiful 326 00:20:09,040 --> 00:20:12,320 Speaker 3: encapsulations I've ever read, So like, it was nice to 327 00:20:12,359 --> 00:20:13,000 Speaker 3: be able to share that. 328 00:20:13,040 --> 00:20:14,720 Speaker 2: You should send that to me. What is it called. 329 00:20:15,040 --> 00:20:19,160 Speaker 3: It's called rejecting or refuting the legend by a guy 330 00:20:19,200 --> 00:20:21,400 Speaker 3: called Louis Merci A Vega was the name he went by. 331 00:20:22,200 --> 00:20:24,840 Speaker 3: Sometimes he also called himself Charles Riddle. That neither of 332 00:20:24,880 --> 00:20:26,520 Speaker 3: those were his real names, but there's the names he 333 00:20:26,560 --> 00:20:28,639 Speaker 3: lived most of his life under. I've been reading a 334 00:20:28,640 --> 00:20:32,320 Speaker 3: lot of translations, if to Ruti column memoirs. Another wonderful 335 00:20:32,320 --> 00:20:34,400 Speaker 3: one is called Sons of the Night, which is by 336 00:20:34,520 --> 00:20:36,720 Speaker 3: an Italian anarchist who fought in Spain and they lived 337 00:20:36,720 --> 00:20:38,480 Speaker 3: the rest of his life in France. And then it's 338 00:20:38,520 --> 00:20:40,879 Speaker 3: a beautiful book because he was a groundskeeper at the 339 00:20:40,920 --> 00:20:43,639 Speaker 3: Libertarian Club in Marseille, and the young people of the 340 00:20:43,640 --> 00:20:47,480 Speaker 3: Libertarian Club were so influenced by his life and his 341 00:20:48,080 --> 00:20:50,840 Speaker 3: experiences and the way he talked about the world that 342 00:20:50,960 --> 00:20:54,240 Speaker 3: after his passing they translated his diary and then wrote 343 00:20:54,280 --> 00:20:58,440 Speaker 3: this huge historical sort of The footnotes are four times 344 00:20:58,520 --> 00:21:00,960 Speaker 3: long as a book because the footnote explain that the 345 00:21:01,000 --> 00:21:04,120 Speaker 3: things that he's talking about and who the characters are, 346 00:21:04,240 --> 00:21:06,800 Speaker 3: and it's it's a really kind of beautiful text. And 347 00:21:07,240 --> 00:21:09,800 Speaker 3: it has the authors called themselves the she Monologues like 348 00:21:09,880 --> 00:21:12,600 Speaker 3: that the followers of Antoine she Minez, So it's kind 349 00:21:12,600 --> 00:21:15,040 Speaker 3: of anonymously offered. And I thin it's a really special 350 00:21:15,160 --> 00:21:16,960 Speaker 3: like literary project. 351 00:21:17,600 --> 00:21:20,800 Speaker 1: Wow, that's something that always moves me, you know, when 352 00:21:20,840 --> 00:21:24,040 Speaker 1: somebody is able to have such an impact on the 353 00:21:24,119 --> 00:21:28,199 Speaker 1: lives of others that even in their absence, people you know, 354 00:21:28,600 --> 00:21:30,600 Speaker 1: continue their life's work. 355 00:21:31,240 --> 00:21:33,600 Speaker 3: Yeah. Yeah, it's a really special thing. I'll send you 356 00:21:33,680 --> 00:21:36,440 Speaker 3: a link to it when we've them, but I've diverted 357 00:21:36,520 --> 00:21:37,480 Speaker 3: us a long way from Uraguai. 358 00:21:37,520 --> 00:21:39,600 Speaker 2: I'm sorry. Oh, that's fine, that's fine. 359 00:21:39,640 --> 00:21:42,440 Speaker 1: I think for this episode, there's just one other interesting 360 00:21:42,480 --> 00:21:45,160 Speaker 1: moment in Uruguay's anarchists history that I want to cover, 361 00:21:45,880 --> 00:21:48,879 Speaker 1: and I'll leave it at that before the next episode. 362 00:21:49,680 --> 00:21:53,520 Speaker 1: But going down this rabbit hole was actually really interesting 363 00:21:53,560 --> 00:22:07,200 Speaker 1: for me. So there was an experiment in the fifties 364 00:22:07,920 --> 00:22:12,919 Speaker 1: in Uruguay called the Communidad del Sur, which was an 365 00:22:12,920 --> 00:22:17,879 Speaker 1: anarchist's intentional community experiment, and capolet He talks about it 366 00:22:17,920 --> 00:22:20,679 Speaker 1: briefly as an effort by folks to live and work 367 00:22:20,760 --> 00:22:24,320 Speaker 1: and eat and rare children together away from the injustices 368 00:22:24,359 --> 00:22:27,679 Speaker 1: of capitalism on the state. Now, anarchism is not about 369 00:22:27,800 --> 00:22:33,160 Speaker 1: establishing intentional communities, but many anarchists have found great reprieve 370 00:22:33,520 --> 00:22:37,920 Speaker 1: and great joy in establishing those communities, in finding love 371 00:22:38,000 --> 00:22:42,560 Speaker 1: and care and connection in those spaces. So these people 372 00:22:42,560 --> 00:22:47,199 Speaker 1: spent about twenty years living together, making decisions together, sharing finances, 373 00:22:47,240 --> 00:22:51,320 Speaker 1: and sharing education. But the Uruguayan military dictatorship stepped in 374 00:22:51,440 --> 00:22:54,439 Speaker 1: and put an end to the project in nineteen seventy six. 375 00:22:55,119 --> 00:22:59,359 Speaker 1: They spent that time afterwards living in exile. First they 376 00:22:59,400 --> 00:23:02,719 Speaker 1: settled in and then they ended up in Spain, and 377 00:23:02,720 --> 00:23:06,520 Speaker 1: then after that they found themselves in Sweden, of all places, 378 00:23:07,040 --> 00:23:10,920 Speaker 1: where they continued their communal life and engaged in international 379 00:23:11,000 --> 00:23:15,160 Speaker 1: political education, so that's all I ended up learning about 380 00:23:15,200 --> 00:23:17,120 Speaker 1: them at first, But I wanted to dig a little 381 00:23:17,119 --> 00:23:19,159 Speaker 1: deeper and find out what happened to them after that, 382 00:23:20,359 --> 00:23:25,800 Speaker 1: and I wasn't finding that information in English language sources, 383 00:23:26,480 --> 00:23:30,240 Speaker 1: so I ended up, unfortunately having to lean upon Google 384 00:23:30,320 --> 00:23:35,560 Speaker 1: Translate for the Swedish and Spanish wikipedias, but those pages 385 00:23:35,640 --> 00:23:40,080 Speaker 1: went into a little bit more depth, and so I 386 00:23:40,119 --> 00:23:43,359 Speaker 1: was able to find out that this group ended up 387 00:23:43,400 --> 00:23:47,239 Speaker 1: taking part in the occupation of the Mulvaden neighborhood in 388 00:23:47,280 --> 00:23:51,280 Speaker 1: the late seventies, and they also translated Latin American anarchist 389 00:23:51,359 --> 00:23:54,919 Speaker 1: texts into Swedish and vice versa. And then when the 390 00:23:54,960 --> 00:23:58,520 Speaker 1: dictatorship in Uruguay ended, they returned to Uruguay with the 391 00:23:58,520 --> 00:24:00,879 Speaker 1: money they raised with the hell of this Swedish comrades, 392 00:24:01,359 --> 00:24:03,639 Speaker 1: and initially a few stayed in Stockholm, so there was 393 00:24:03,680 --> 00:24:05,919 Speaker 1: a split effort between Uruguay and Sweden for a bit, 394 00:24:06,240 --> 00:24:08,359 Speaker 1: but the ones in Sweden were able to send money 395 00:24:08,400 --> 00:24:11,560 Speaker 1: and equipment home and so eventually they were all able 396 00:24:11,600 --> 00:24:14,919 Speaker 1: to focus in Uruguay and set up a printery and 397 00:24:15,080 --> 00:24:19,000 Speaker 1: established a farm in the countryside outside Montevideo on land 398 00:24:19,119 --> 00:24:22,159 Speaker 1: purchased with money collected in Sweden, where they focused on 399 00:24:22,240 --> 00:24:26,760 Speaker 1: collective farm and organic agriculture. I mean, apparently there's still 400 00:24:26,800 --> 00:24:30,600 Speaker 1: active today. I found what seems to be their website, 401 00:24:30,640 --> 00:24:32,320 Speaker 1: but it's not accessible. 402 00:24:32,359 --> 00:24:32,840 Speaker 2: It's down. 403 00:24:33,680 --> 00:24:37,000 Speaker 1: I tried to dig fit on web archive, but I 404 00:24:37,040 --> 00:24:39,480 Speaker 1: wasn't getting much information out of that. But I also 405 00:24:39,520 --> 00:24:42,240 Speaker 1: found a Swedish website that was talking about the activity, 406 00:24:42,240 --> 00:24:43,440 Speaker 1: and I'll drop that in the. 407 00:24:43,359 --> 00:24:45,320 Speaker 2: Show notes as well. Yeah, that'd be cool. 408 00:24:45,480 --> 00:24:48,000 Speaker 1: So that particular website they said, and this is the 409 00:24:48,000 --> 00:24:51,119 Speaker 1: grual translation of what they said, but it was quote. 410 00:24:51,359 --> 00:24:54,080 Speaker 1: In parallel with the other activities, the organization runs a 411 00:24:54,119 --> 00:24:58,000 Speaker 1: farm which produces sweets from figs, goofer, blackberries, and such 412 00:24:58,000 --> 00:25:01,760 Speaker 1: as fruits. It also pursues stables such as peppers and eggplant, 413 00:25:02,040 --> 00:25:06,400 Speaker 1: and produces its own tomato sauce. This small scale industry 414 00:25:06,400 --> 00:25:08,760 Speaker 1: that the organization has built up is mainly run by 415 00:25:08,800 --> 00:25:12,320 Speaker 1: a women's group, Comunidad. The Assurro also participates in the 416 00:25:12,359 --> 00:25:15,760 Speaker 1: collective lapig Tanga that works for equality between women and 417 00:25:15,800 --> 00:25:20,320 Speaker 1: men and against violence against women endquote. So they're doing 418 00:25:20,359 --> 00:25:23,840 Speaker 1: some really important work in Uruguay. After all these years, 419 00:25:24,400 --> 00:25:27,520 Speaker 1: I can't find their exact location, but it seems they're based. 420 00:25:27,240 --> 00:25:28,560 Speaker 2: Somewhere in La Palce. 421 00:25:29,080 --> 00:25:31,200 Speaker 1: If anybody wants to reach out for four the details 422 00:25:31,280 --> 00:25:32,600 Speaker 1: what they're up to these days. 423 00:25:32,800 --> 00:25:34,359 Speaker 2: Their story is really fascinating to me. 424 00:25:34,400 --> 00:25:37,000 Speaker 1: So I'd love to find out just that whole idea 425 00:25:37,200 --> 00:25:42,840 Speaker 1: of this group facing this dictoria repression, resettling somewhere else, 426 00:25:43,000 --> 00:25:46,159 Speaker 1: catching their breath, incasion actions elsewhere, and then me are 427 00:25:46,240 --> 00:25:49,119 Speaker 1: being able to return home and continue the work. I 428 00:25:49,160 --> 00:25:50,280 Speaker 1: find that very inspiring. 429 00:25:50,840 --> 00:25:54,159 Speaker 3: Yeah, that's really cool. That's what we hope for, you know, 430 00:25:54,240 --> 00:25:56,920 Speaker 3: when like people are forced into exile, to be able 431 00:25:57,200 --> 00:25:59,920 Speaker 3: to return eventually and to be like accepted into the 432 00:26:00,040 --> 00:26:03,240 Speaker 3: community where they find themselves and able to like, like 433 00:26:03,320 --> 00:26:05,959 Speaker 3: you say, catch your breath and build their strength and return. 434 00:26:06,720 --> 00:26:07,400 Speaker 3: That's really cool. 435 00:26:07,480 --> 00:26:10,760 Speaker 1: Yeah, I mean shout out to the Swedish anarchists who 436 00:26:10,760 --> 00:26:12,840 Speaker 1: would have, you know, moved in solid arity with them 437 00:26:12,880 --> 00:26:15,360 Speaker 1: and help them set up in that kind of thing 438 00:26:15,640 --> 00:26:16,160 Speaker 1: if they did. 439 00:26:16,359 --> 00:26:21,800 Speaker 3: Yeah, Swedish has been really good at accepting migrants and refugees. Unfortunately, 440 00:26:21,840 --> 00:26:25,479 Speaker 3: a number of people who had received assignment Sweden were 441 00:26:25,520 --> 00:26:28,840 Speaker 3: killed this week, so fucking sucks rb to them. 442 00:26:29,040 --> 00:26:33,480 Speaker 1: Yes, I think it was just the moodish shifting as 443 00:26:33,480 --> 00:26:33,840 Speaker 1: a lad. 444 00:26:34,359 --> 00:26:36,679 Speaker 3: Yeah, all around the world thanks to the wonder of 445 00:26:36,720 --> 00:26:37,320 Speaker 3: social media. 446 00:26:37,359 --> 00:26:40,720 Speaker 1: I think, yeah, but you see the digression we had 447 00:26:40,720 --> 00:26:43,080 Speaker 1: about translation and ended up connecting. 448 00:26:43,400 --> 00:26:48,560 Speaker 3: Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, beautiful. Yeah, everyone listening, start learning Esperanto. 449 00:26:50,920 --> 00:26:53,639 Speaker 1: I think that's a great hobby. Yellow, I do question. 450 00:26:54,280 --> 00:26:56,159 Speaker 1: I think it was like a really cool project and 451 00:26:56,200 --> 00:26:59,520 Speaker 1: it's time. I don't know how well it can pick 452 00:26:59,600 --> 00:27:00,679 Speaker 1: up today. 453 00:27:00,960 --> 00:27:03,920 Speaker 3: He like, Esperanto in the Age of Ai is an 454 00:27:03,920 --> 00:27:07,480 Speaker 3: interesting I'd love to hear from Esperantis, honestly, like, if 455 00:27:07,520 --> 00:27:09,360 Speaker 3: we have Esperantis who listen, I still have a great 456 00:27:09,359 --> 00:27:11,760 Speaker 3: deal of admiration for the project and like for the 457 00:27:11,760 --> 00:27:15,000 Speaker 3: people who participate in it, and I've had a lot 458 00:27:15,000 --> 00:27:19,160 Speaker 3: of communications with them because of their relations to Spanish anarchism, 459 00:27:19,160 --> 00:27:22,040 Speaker 3: and they've always been the nicest, most interesting, welcoming people. 460 00:27:22,080 --> 00:27:25,320 Speaker 3: So like, yeah, if you want to be I Esperanto guest, 461 00:27:25,400 --> 00:27:27,160 Speaker 3: please hit me up. 462 00:27:27,640 --> 00:27:28,760 Speaker 2: Yeah. Yeah. 463 00:27:29,280 --> 00:27:31,920 Speaker 1: Maybe eventually I will get back into Esperanto and pick 464 00:27:31,960 --> 00:27:34,720 Speaker 1: it up again. I'm still still working on my Spanish, 465 00:27:35,000 --> 00:27:37,520 Speaker 1: as listeners can probably tell. 466 00:27:38,280 --> 00:27:42,879 Speaker 2: But we'll get there. Yeah, So we'll leave it here. 467 00:27:42,720 --> 00:27:45,080 Speaker 1: For today, but next time we're going to venture into 468 00:27:45,119 --> 00:27:48,840 Speaker 1: how anarchists stayed active throughout the twentieth century and also 469 00:27:48,920 --> 00:27:54,000 Speaker 1: contributed to the development of anarchist strategy internationally. Until then, 470 00:27:54,600 --> 00:27:58,159 Speaker 1: I've been Andrew Siege, I've been here with James Stout, 471 00:27:59,080 --> 00:28:02,640 Speaker 1: and you can find on YouTube dot com, slash Andrew Zone, 472 00:28:03,080 --> 00:28:04,880 Speaker 1: on picture dot com, slashly and Drue. 473 00:28:05,400 --> 00:28:08,600 Speaker 2: This is it could Happen here, peas to be with you. 474 00:28:11,440 --> 00:28:13,960 Speaker 4: It could Happen Here is a production of cool Zone Media. 475 00:28:14,119 --> 00:28:17,200 Speaker 4: For more podcasts from cool Zone Media, visit our website 476 00:28:17,280 --> 00:28:20,840 Speaker 4: Coolzonemedia dot com, or check us out on the iHeartRadio app, 477 00:28:20,920 --> 00:28:24,480 Speaker 4: Apple Podcasts, or wherever you listen to podcasts. You can 478 00:28:24,520 --> 00:28:26,840 Speaker 4: now find sources for it Could Happen here listed directly 479 00:28:26,880 --> 00:28:29,159 Speaker 4: in episode descriptions. Thanks for listening.