1 00:00:01,040 --> 00:00:03,760 Speaker 1: Hey, Palas, how you doing? Charles W Chuck Bryant Here 2 00:00:03,840 --> 00:00:06,760 Speaker 1: on a Saturday with my select pick for this week 3 00:00:06,960 --> 00:00:10,880 Speaker 1: from September do thousand nine. One of our many many 4 00:00:10,960 --> 00:00:13,680 Speaker 1: episodes on dogs, and this is a good one, How 5 00:00:13,680 --> 00:00:17,120 Speaker 1: Did Dogs Perceive Time? Really really good stuff. Check it out. 6 00:00:21,960 --> 00:00:24,279 Speaker 1: Welcome to Stuff You Should Know, a production of I 7 00:00:24,440 --> 00:00:33,080 Speaker 1: Heart Radios How Stuff Works. Hey, and welcome to the podcast. 8 00:00:33,159 --> 00:00:38,600 Speaker 1: I'm Josh Clark. There's Charles Chuck Bryant. Chuck right, Yes, 9 00:00:38,800 --> 00:00:41,519 Speaker 1: nice Chuck. We'll get to that in a second. Do 10 00:00:41,560 --> 00:00:45,960 Speaker 1: it again. That's awesome. Chuck's barking because this is stuff 11 00:00:46,000 --> 00:00:48,120 Speaker 1: you should know. And this particular stuff you should know 12 00:00:48,320 --> 00:00:52,880 Speaker 1: is entitled how do Dogs Perceived Time? And I said 13 00:00:52,880 --> 00:00:57,240 Speaker 1: in dog language just then, I don't perceive time. That 14 00:00:57,560 --> 00:01:00,440 Speaker 1: is up for debate, my friend, up for vigorous debate. 15 00:01:00,800 --> 00:01:03,560 Speaker 1: All right, So Chuck, um, let me let me do 16 00:01:03,600 --> 00:01:06,160 Speaker 1: a little intro here, a little lead in segue. Whatever 17 00:01:06,720 --> 00:01:08,880 Speaker 1: spoiled your parade? There? What do we call them these days? 18 00:01:09,520 --> 00:01:15,240 Speaker 1: What do we what segways? Lead In's introstro schke Um, Chuck, 19 00:01:15,840 --> 00:01:22,080 Speaker 1: about a year ago, well, a year ago this month, Paris, well, France, Paris, 20 00:01:22,160 --> 00:01:27,800 Speaker 1: France made history, legal history. So uh, they actually used 21 00:01:27,880 --> 00:01:31,440 Speaker 1: a dog as a witness in a criminal case. Did 22 00:01:31,480 --> 00:01:34,200 Speaker 1: they get the dog to like bark at someone? Wow? 23 00:01:34,440 --> 00:01:37,240 Speaker 1: I kid you not like an intruder at the very least. 24 00:01:37,240 --> 00:01:40,319 Speaker 1: And I hope I'm not a Bangladeshi newspaper here, um 25 00:01:40,360 --> 00:01:44,080 Speaker 1: because I found it, uh in the Daily Mail, which 26 00:01:44,120 --> 00:01:46,319 Speaker 1: is not known for satire, but it's all. It can 27 00:01:46,400 --> 00:01:48,440 Speaker 1: be known for poor reporting from time to time. So 28 00:01:48,480 --> 00:01:51,240 Speaker 1: you may have egg on your face soon we'll find out. Um. 29 00:01:51,280 --> 00:01:53,760 Speaker 1: But there was a dog named Scooby that was brought 30 00:01:53,920 --> 00:02:00,600 Speaker 1: into a doesn't it I should afford to this article? Um, 31 00:02:00,640 --> 00:02:03,560 Speaker 1: there is a dog named Scooby that was brought into 32 00:02:03,920 --> 00:02:08,280 Speaker 1: a murder case or a hearing to see if there 33 00:02:08,360 --> 00:02:11,960 Speaker 1: was enough evidence to try a man for murder for 34 00:02:12,080 --> 00:02:14,760 Speaker 1: something that was ruled the suicide. And the dog barked 35 00:02:14,840 --> 00:02:18,720 Speaker 1: furiously at the alleged perpetrator and they gave him a 36 00:02:18,720 --> 00:02:21,600 Speaker 1: Scooby snack. Yeah, so that was the last I heard. 37 00:02:21,639 --> 00:02:24,240 Speaker 1: It was from a year ago, but there was some 38 00:02:24,360 --> 00:02:28,480 Speaker 1: concern over whether the dog's memory would serve it or 39 00:02:28,480 --> 00:02:31,840 Speaker 1: not because it had been two and a half years 40 00:02:31,840 --> 00:02:34,720 Speaker 1: since the incident. Okay, that makes sense, and that's kind 41 00:02:34,720 --> 00:02:38,600 Speaker 1: of key to how dogs may or may not perceive times. 42 00:02:38,639 --> 00:02:41,320 Speaker 1: The best I could come up with, that's thanks, so 43 00:02:41,440 --> 00:02:46,280 Speaker 1: um what that What that betrays is a sense by 44 00:02:46,320 --> 00:02:50,519 Speaker 1: at least the reporter and the courts in Paris that 45 00:02:50,960 --> 00:02:54,960 Speaker 1: dogs have a memory, that they they If they have 46 00:02:55,080 --> 00:02:59,600 Speaker 1: a memory, then they should be able to perceive time. Right, Chuck, 47 00:02:59,680 --> 00:03:04,000 Speaker 1: let's talk about this. What is time? Kidding me? Well, 48 00:03:04,040 --> 00:03:05,919 Speaker 1: you know my whole deal with time, I've said it before. 49 00:03:06,520 --> 00:03:09,400 Speaker 1: What a little time is just abstract numbers on a 50 00:03:09,440 --> 00:03:13,200 Speaker 1: calendar and and hands on a watch, aren't time? Well yeah, no, 51 00:03:13,480 --> 00:03:16,640 Speaker 1: what you're talking about is the human construct of time. Yes, 52 00:03:16,880 --> 00:03:19,840 Speaker 1: based on twenty four hours, which is all kind of 53 00:03:19,880 --> 00:03:23,000 Speaker 1: arbitrary seven days in a week there, well, not necessarily 54 00:03:23,760 --> 00:03:28,440 Speaker 1: were Here's why. Uh, it was actually kind of ingenious 55 00:03:28,520 --> 00:03:30,399 Speaker 1: that we should come up with the twenty four hour 56 00:03:30,520 --> 00:03:34,480 Speaker 1: day because we have these things called circadian oscillators, yes, 57 00:03:34,800 --> 00:03:39,360 Speaker 1: which are the well they're the fluctuators in our circadian rhythm, 58 00:03:39,640 --> 00:03:41,960 Speaker 1: which is what makes us fall asleep at night, work 59 00:03:42,040 --> 00:03:46,080 Speaker 1: up in the morningperaure get hungry at certain times. Neural activity, right, 60 00:03:46,160 --> 00:03:50,400 Speaker 1: the neural activity and the hormones UM are reactions to 61 00:03:50,440 --> 00:03:53,200 Speaker 1: things like changes in temperature that are on a daily 62 00:03:53,240 --> 00:03:58,280 Speaker 1: basis UM, things like um, the changes in natural light 63 00:03:58,640 --> 00:04:03,320 Speaker 1: right right, So our our reactions to these are circadian oscillators. 64 00:04:03,320 --> 00:04:05,560 Speaker 1: And if you put them all together, like sleeping at 65 00:04:05,680 --> 00:04:08,080 Speaker 1: night and and um waking up in the morning, that's 66 00:04:08,080 --> 00:04:13,600 Speaker 1: our circadian rhythm. But the circadian clocks actually exist on 67 00:04:13,640 --> 00:04:16,799 Speaker 1: about a twenty four hour period. That makes sense then. 68 00:04:16,960 --> 00:04:19,240 Speaker 1: So but like you said, days on the calendar and 69 00:04:19,279 --> 00:04:22,280 Speaker 1: all that, that's that is a human construct. Yeah, So 70 00:04:22,320 --> 00:04:24,440 Speaker 1: what we're trying to get to the bottom of is 71 00:04:24,480 --> 00:04:28,000 Speaker 1: whether or not dogs can perceive this not necessarily the 72 00:04:28,080 --> 00:04:32,200 Speaker 1: human construct of time, but of time in and of itself, 73 00:04:32,279 --> 00:04:36,880 Speaker 1: which is essentially a past present in future exactly. And 74 00:04:36,920 --> 00:04:39,279 Speaker 1: I know that one thing that we will talk about, 75 00:04:39,320 --> 00:04:41,520 Speaker 1: and maybe we'll talk about right now is you have 76 00:04:41,560 --> 00:04:44,680 Speaker 1: three dogs? Do you have any dogs? I have two dogs? 77 00:04:44,880 --> 00:04:48,039 Speaker 1: What shut up? I have two dogs, and I'm actually 78 00:04:48,080 --> 00:04:50,880 Speaker 1: fostering two feral puppy rescues, which you know, so right now, 79 00:04:50,880 --> 00:04:52,360 Speaker 1: if you want to get rid of those two dogs, 80 00:04:52,360 --> 00:04:54,000 Speaker 1: because we could get rid of them like that if 81 00:04:54,040 --> 00:04:56,600 Speaker 1: we plug this on this UM on this podcast, we're 82 00:04:56,640 --> 00:04:58,720 Speaker 1: kind of picky about who we give them to. Okay, well, 83 00:04:58,720 --> 00:05:00,640 Speaker 1: how about this, if you're not a cre and you 84 00:05:00,720 --> 00:05:04,520 Speaker 1: love dogs and you live in the East Lake area, Atlanta, 85 00:05:04,560 --> 00:05:06,240 Speaker 1: to send us an email if you want one of 86 00:05:06,320 --> 00:05:09,400 Speaker 1: Chuck's puppies. Very cute. Yeah, so, anyway, if your dogs 87 00:05:09,400 --> 00:05:13,000 Speaker 1: are anything like my dogs, they and actually my cats too, 88 00:05:13,320 --> 00:05:16,520 Speaker 1: they know when the food bell is going to ring. Sure, 89 00:05:16,800 --> 00:05:19,120 Speaker 1: actually they start. Emily calls it food abuse. They start 90 00:05:19,120 --> 00:05:22,000 Speaker 1: the food abuse typically about an hour and a half 91 00:05:22,080 --> 00:05:26,200 Speaker 1: before they typically get fed every afternoon and in the morning. 92 00:05:26,240 --> 00:05:27,960 Speaker 1: We feed them pretty much straight away in the morning, 93 00:05:28,000 --> 00:05:29,960 Speaker 1: so they know. They know then. But my dog Lucy 94 00:05:30,000 --> 00:05:33,560 Speaker 1: dude comes in the room and looks at you with 95 00:05:33,560 --> 00:05:35,760 Speaker 1: her head cocked, stamps on the floor with her feet 96 00:05:35,800 --> 00:05:39,600 Speaker 1: and goes m and I'm waiting her for her literally 97 00:05:39,640 --> 00:05:43,880 Speaker 1: to one day say feed me one day. I told 98 00:05:43,920 --> 00:05:45,680 Speaker 1: him if she did that one day, I would be 99 00:05:45,720 --> 00:05:49,320 Speaker 1: surprised for about a second. So, Chuck, here is where 100 00:05:49,360 --> 00:05:52,800 Speaker 1: we reached the bone of contention. The sorry for that pun, 101 00:05:53,080 --> 00:05:56,800 Speaker 1: I'm not Jonathan Stricklin. Your dogs do the same thing, though, right, Well, no, 102 00:05:56,960 --> 00:05:59,719 Speaker 1: my my dogs are fed constantly. They always have food. 103 00:05:59,760 --> 00:06:01,880 Speaker 1: They for some reason, I'd lucked out, and they they 104 00:06:02,000 --> 00:06:05,200 Speaker 1: just eat eat whenever they want, whenever. I can't imagine that. 105 00:06:05,240 --> 00:06:07,400 Speaker 1: It's pretty cool, Like dogs eat their food like it's 106 00:06:07,440 --> 00:06:10,480 Speaker 1: the first time they've ever been fed before. My dogs 107 00:06:10,520 --> 00:06:12,480 Speaker 1: they're pretty laid back when it comes to stuff like that. 108 00:06:12,520 --> 00:06:16,800 Speaker 1: Are they fat? No? Really, No, they're they're healthier than 109 00:06:16,839 --> 00:06:20,760 Speaker 1: I am. Well, they're healthier than a lot of people 110 00:06:20,800 --> 00:06:23,080 Speaker 1: I know. No, they're very They regulate their food and 111 00:06:23,120 --> 00:06:27,440 Speaker 1: take on their own It's weird, but but I know 112 00:06:27,480 --> 00:06:31,159 Speaker 1: what you're talking about. So the question is this, do 113 00:06:31,360 --> 00:06:36,800 Speaker 1: your dogs no, based on past experience that food is 114 00:06:36,880 --> 00:06:40,840 Speaker 1: coming at a certain time of day, not necessarily like 115 00:06:40,920 --> 00:06:44,599 Speaker 1: five thirty five pm, but say as far as the 116 00:06:44,640 --> 00:06:49,400 Speaker 1: dog's concerned, when sun is low and sky over there. 117 00:06:50,640 --> 00:06:55,560 Speaker 1: Ye know, they're they're like Italians playing Native Americans, right, 118 00:06:55,760 --> 00:06:59,640 Speaker 1: what you think, I'm dumbbell? So um? Or is it 119 00:06:59,680 --> 00:07:02,960 Speaker 1: a start kadiean oscillator? Well, that's the circadian oscillator. It 120 00:07:02,960 --> 00:07:06,200 Speaker 1: could be, yeah, it could be. What what that is 121 00:07:06,200 --> 00:07:09,800 Speaker 1: is you're they're using their memories of past experiences to 122 00:07:09,880 --> 00:07:13,920 Speaker 1: predict the future, which is episodic memory, which is our 123 00:07:13,960 --> 00:07:18,640 Speaker 1: construction of time. Or is this semantic memory, which is 124 00:07:19,280 --> 00:07:22,560 Speaker 1: totally different but related. Do you want me to go 125 00:07:22,600 --> 00:07:25,760 Speaker 1: into this because this is outside research, I have no choice. 126 00:07:25,760 --> 00:07:29,840 Speaker 1: Then semantic memory is alright, Chuck. Let's say that you 127 00:07:30,160 --> 00:07:33,360 Speaker 1: have brain damage to your phontel loane in fact, which 128 00:07:33,400 --> 00:07:37,480 Speaker 1: is where your episodic memory is h is located. That's 129 00:07:37,480 --> 00:07:43,520 Speaker 1: the region that controls episodic memory, which is learning from experience. Right. Um, 130 00:07:43,560 --> 00:07:48,520 Speaker 1: you could conceivably learn how to play chess right, right, 131 00:07:49,200 --> 00:07:54,000 Speaker 1: but you won't remember where you learn how to play chess, right, 132 00:07:54,120 --> 00:07:57,040 Speaker 1: much like uh, they say a baby learned how to 133 00:07:57,080 --> 00:07:59,880 Speaker 1: walk and talk, but they don't remember that day you 134 00:08:00,000 --> 00:08:01,880 Speaker 1: taught me how to walk, right, They don't have to 135 00:08:01,960 --> 00:08:04,920 Speaker 1: relearn crawling or walking or taught on a day to 136 00:08:05,000 --> 00:08:08,480 Speaker 1: day basis, right, because they learned it. And that's semantic memory. 137 00:08:08,520 --> 00:08:11,920 Speaker 1: That's like facts and rules and and and possibly motor 138 00:08:12,120 --> 00:08:14,880 Speaker 1: movements or whatever. Or you know, if I run into 139 00:08:14,920 --> 00:08:17,560 Speaker 1: this wall, it's going to hurt my face because I'm crawling, 140 00:08:18,320 --> 00:08:21,600 Speaker 1: But they don't remember, you know, somebody teaching them like, 141 00:08:21,880 --> 00:08:25,000 Speaker 1: come crawl to me that kind of thing, right, So yeah, 142 00:08:25,080 --> 00:08:30,600 Speaker 1: that's semantic memory. Episodic memory would be like, um, what 143 00:08:30,680 --> 00:08:33,760 Speaker 1: did you have for breakfast this morning? At a fruit smoothie? 144 00:08:34,280 --> 00:08:36,680 Speaker 1: You had a fruit smoothie. Remember what delight look like? 145 00:08:36,720 --> 00:08:41,040 Speaker 1: I remember what what smelled like. That is precisely episodic memory. 146 00:08:41,120 --> 00:08:42,920 Speaker 1: And uh, I should probably give a shout out at 147 00:08:42,920 --> 00:08:45,240 Speaker 1: t RS and tall, who I'm like just blatantly ripping 148 00:08:45,240 --> 00:08:49,559 Speaker 1: off right now. Um. The the chess example was one 149 00:08:49,600 --> 00:08:54,000 Speaker 1: of Zental's uh examples of semantic memory. And what you've 150 00:08:54,080 --> 00:08:58,439 Speaker 1: just said, um is almost word for word, Uh, an 151 00:08:58,480 --> 00:09:02,400 Speaker 1: example of episodic memory. You said, you know you remember 152 00:09:02,440 --> 00:09:06,560 Speaker 1: these other details, whereas had you said, um, I had 153 00:09:06,800 --> 00:09:09,480 Speaker 1: I had a smoothie this morning, I must have because 154 00:09:09,480 --> 00:09:13,240 Speaker 1: I have a smoothie. Right, that would be well, not 155 00:09:13,360 --> 00:09:15,719 Speaker 1: the burping part, but if you always had it, and 156 00:09:15,840 --> 00:09:18,679 Speaker 1: that'd be more like semantic memories. So we reached the 157 00:09:18,800 --> 00:09:24,880 Speaker 1: question do dogs perceived time or are these reactions that 158 00:09:24,960 --> 00:09:29,160 Speaker 1: appear like they're there keeping track of time some way, 159 00:09:29,240 --> 00:09:33,200 Speaker 1: maybe through a circadian oscillator, based on semantic memories. And 160 00:09:33,200 --> 00:09:36,240 Speaker 1: there's been a lot of studies that, not necessarily on dogs, 161 00:09:36,280 --> 00:09:39,360 Speaker 1: but on other animals. Right, Yeah, what's uh, what's this 162 00:09:39,400 --> 00:09:43,960 Speaker 1: crackpot's name Roberts, No, what's this guy's name Dr Roberts. Yeah, 163 00:09:44,000 --> 00:09:45,960 Speaker 1: I have to say I'm gonna take issue with Dr 164 00:09:46,080 --> 00:09:51,559 Speaker 1: robertson William Roberts. He's an animal cognition researcher right off 165 00:09:51,559 --> 00:09:55,240 Speaker 1: the bat. You're taking issue with that, not that part. Yeah. 166 00:09:55,320 --> 00:09:58,719 Speaker 1: He did some studies on pigeons and primates to name 167 00:09:58,760 --> 00:10:01,880 Speaker 1: a couple, and long term in short term memory as 168 00:10:01,960 --> 00:10:04,840 Speaker 1: far as remembering a sequence that they would I guess 169 00:10:04,840 --> 00:10:07,360 Speaker 1: the pigeons would peck it out and the primates would 170 00:10:07,400 --> 00:10:10,480 Speaker 1: tap it out and uh to get a reward. And 171 00:10:10,520 --> 00:10:13,360 Speaker 1: they found that they have pretty good short term memory 172 00:10:13,400 --> 00:10:15,760 Speaker 1: for this kind of thing, right, which is what that's 173 00:10:15,840 --> 00:10:19,520 Speaker 1: working memory, right, yes, but long term as reference memory, Yeah, 174 00:10:19,559 --> 00:10:21,720 Speaker 1: but as far as the reference goes, they couldn't remember 175 00:10:21,760 --> 00:10:23,520 Speaker 1: it that well if there was if there was a 176 00:10:23,520 --> 00:10:28,760 Speaker 1: big break in between, right. Um. Roberts actually wrote a 177 00:10:28,880 --> 00:10:33,680 Speaker 1: very famous paper as far as animal cognition goes, where 178 00:10:33,679 --> 00:10:37,040 Speaker 1: he basically said that he concluded animals are stuck in time. 179 00:10:37,320 --> 00:10:39,120 Speaker 1: And I just made air quotes for those of you 180 00:10:39,160 --> 00:10:42,240 Speaker 1: out there listening in podcast land, Um, and by stuck 181 00:10:42,280 --> 00:10:45,720 Speaker 1: in timing means that they they live exclusively in the present, 182 00:10:46,200 --> 00:10:50,560 Speaker 1: that they don't have the capacity for forming uh, long 183 00:10:50,679 --> 00:10:54,400 Speaker 1: term episodic memory. Episodic is the key word. It is 184 00:10:54,520 --> 00:10:56,599 Speaker 1: very much they because I know at home you're saying, no, 185 00:10:56,800 --> 00:10:59,800 Speaker 1: I taught my dog to sit when she was one. 186 00:11:00,080 --> 00:11:01,680 Speaker 1: That's not the same thing. That's what we're talking about 187 00:11:01,720 --> 00:11:04,800 Speaker 1: with the baby and learning how to walk, right, Um, 188 00:11:04,840 --> 00:11:08,959 Speaker 1: but that's that's not There's a lot of examples out 189 00:11:09,000 --> 00:11:12,760 Speaker 1: there in nature that would kind of um, but lie 190 00:11:13,360 --> 00:11:16,960 Speaker 1: Dr Roberts idea that your animals or dogs are stuck 191 00:11:17,000 --> 00:11:22,719 Speaker 1: in time. Well, A good one is squirrels foraging food 192 00:11:22,760 --> 00:11:24,920 Speaker 1: store for the winner and doing it year after year 193 00:11:24,960 --> 00:11:29,920 Speaker 1: after year. Um. I believe Roberts actually addressed that and says, 194 00:11:30,600 --> 00:11:35,559 Speaker 1: but they continue hoarding even when their stores inexplicably disappear, 195 00:11:35,679 --> 00:11:38,600 Speaker 1: which I assume some researchers went and stole squirrels nuts 196 00:11:38,640 --> 00:11:41,480 Speaker 1: and then uh studied them to see what they would do. 197 00:11:41,679 --> 00:11:43,880 Speaker 1: I don't understand that at all. I don't either. Seems 198 00:11:43,920 --> 00:11:46,559 Speaker 1: like they would that would make them want to hoard. Yeah, 199 00:11:46,679 --> 00:11:48,760 Speaker 1: so I kind of have an issue with that one 200 00:11:49,280 --> 00:11:51,800 Speaker 1: a little bit. But it's possible. I'm not entirely seeing 201 00:11:51,840 --> 00:11:54,040 Speaker 1: that point all the way. I don't see the point. 202 00:11:54,080 --> 00:11:56,680 Speaker 1: I'm not quite sure what what he meant there. But um, 203 00:11:57,240 --> 00:12:00,160 Speaker 1: there's also one about the bananas, right, Chuck. The is 204 00:12:00,600 --> 00:12:03,439 Speaker 1: there are some primates that were given choices between more 205 00:12:03,520 --> 00:12:06,840 Speaker 1: or less bananas. Yeah, and predictably at first, if you 206 00:12:06,960 --> 00:12:10,120 Speaker 1: offered an ape one banana or two bananas, they're gonna 207 00:12:10,120 --> 00:12:12,360 Speaker 1: take the two bananas. But they found that when they 208 00:12:12,360 --> 00:12:17,280 Speaker 1: started increasing the number of bananas, like ten compared to twenty, 209 00:12:17,320 --> 00:12:19,480 Speaker 1: they would just go for the tin bananas, they wouldn't 210 00:12:19,480 --> 00:12:23,280 Speaker 1: he and he thought this meant they can't. Uh, they 211 00:12:23,320 --> 00:12:26,080 Speaker 1: have no concept of the future, like maybe I should 212 00:12:26,120 --> 00:12:29,040 Speaker 1: take these bananas because I might be hungry tomorrow right now. 213 00:12:29,080 --> 00:12:32,160 Speaker 1: That's um that I think Roberts fails to take into 214 00:12:32,200 --> 00:12:35,920 Speaker 1: account social structure, right. Uh. We we know that we 215 00:12:36,000 --> 00:12:39,280 Speaker 1: could use tim bananas for tomorrow, but we also have 216 00:12:39,480 --> 00:12:43,760 Speaker 1: things like um, preservation techniques or refrigeration available. That's what 217 00:12:43,800 --> 00:12:46,120 Speaker 1: I thought too. And if you go back in time, 218 00:12:46,160 --> 00:12:49,680 Speaker 1: just a few thousand years ago, um, two hunter gatherer 219 00:12:49,720 --> 00:12:52,800 Speaker 1: societies or even hunter gatherer societies that are around now, 220 00:12:53,200 --> 00:12:55,440 Speaker 1: they don't store food at all. They forage for what 221 00:12:55,480 --> 00:12:59,040 Speaker 1: they need right then, and that's what they eat. I 222 00:12:59,040 --> 00:13:01,360 Speaker 1: would imagine that that would actually explain a lot of 223 00:13:01,400 --> 00:13:06,280 Speaker 1: the primate decisions. There's no real reason to their society 224 00:13:06,320 --> 00:13:10,120 Speaker 1: isn't set up on this idea that I need more 225 00:13:10,120 --> 00:13:12,720 Speaker 1: and more to protect myself in the future, exactly. I 226 00:13:12,720 --> 00:13:15,840 Speaker 1: don't know that that necessarily means that they don't have 227 00:13:15,880 --> 00:13:18,559 Speaker 1: any concept of the future. I think that there's all 228 00:13:18,600 --> 00:13:21,640 Speaker 1: these other explanations out there, right, and they may like one. 229 00:13:21,880 --> 00:13:23,360 Speaker 1: I was when I read that. The first thing I 230 00:13:23,400 --> 00:13:26,440 Speaker 1: thought was, maybe they're not. They've never taken more than 231 00:13:26,480 --> 00:13:28,560 Speaker 1: tin bananas in their life because they've never needed to, 232 00:13:28,640 --> 00:13:31,240 Speaker 1: so it doesn't even dawn on them that that should 233 00:13:31,240 --> 00:13:33,720 Speaker 1: be something they would do. Exactly. I guess what we're saying, 234 00:13:33,800 --> 00:13:35,679 Speaker 1: both of us around the same page here. There are 235 00:13:35,800 --> 00:13:38,440 Speaker 1: other explanations, and I think one of the things I 236 00:13:38,440 --> 00:13:41,520 Speaker 1: took from this article was that, uh Roberts found it 237 00:13:41,520 --> 00:13:44,920 Speaker 1: conclusive that animals are stuck in time by cherry picking 238 00:13:45,000 --> 00:13:47,880 Speaker 1: some uh some studies here, and we we kind of 239 00:13:47,920 --> 00:13:50,160 Speaker 1: disagree with them. Yeah, there's a lot of other factors. 240 00:13:50,200 --> 00:13:52,079 Speaker 1: I know that my dog Lucy is stuck in time 241 00:13:52,200 --> 00:13:56,920 Speaker 1: at five thirty pm every day because she's always asking 242 00:13:56,920 --> 00:14:18,080 Speaker 1: for the food. So I guess another problem. It's entirely possible. 243 00:14:18,160 --> 00:14:21,240 Speaker 1: Check that we're Our brains just aren't big enough to Uh, 244 00:14:21,480 --> 00:14:25,480 Speaker 1: they're not as big as Robert's brain. Um, did you 245 00:14:25,480 --> 00:14:28,800 Speaker 1: ever hear that? Like, goldfish have an eight second memory span? 246 00:14:29,640 --> 00:14:32,120 Speaker 1: I've never heard that, So I have a right you 247 00:14:32,160 --> 00:14:35,520 Speaker 1: have a goldfish and I do have a goldfish here? Yeah, Molly, 248 00:14:35,640 --> 00:14:40,440 Speaker 1: she's very cute. Its name Molly. I didn't know that. Interesting. Um, 249 00:14:40,480 --> 00:14:44,560 Speaker 1: But having an episodic memory makes it almost impossible to 250 00:14:44,600 --> 00:14:48,560 Speaker 1: think about um not having one. So like, if a 251 00:14:48,600 --> 00:14:51,120 Speaker 1: goldfish does have a memory of eight seconds, does that 252 00:14:51,200 --> 00:14:53,920 Speaker 1: mean that every eight seconds all of its memories are purged, 253 00:14:53,960 --> 00:14:57,880 Speaker 1: like getting rid of the browser history in your computer? Um? 254 00:14:58,040 --> 00:15:01,800 Speaker 1: Or as new experiences come into the present, are older 255 00:15:01,840 --> 00:15:05,280 Speaker 1: ones pushed out after they hit this eight second maturity level? 256 00:15:05,920 --> 00:15:08,120 Speaker 1: And how how do they test that on a goldfish? Anyway? 257 00:15:08,400 --> 00:15:14,400 Speaker 1: Perfect chuck, perfect segue. Here's the biggest problem. Robert's position 258 00:15:14,680 --> 00:15:19,280 Speaker 1: is almost inherently species ist. You're familiar with this term, Yeah, 259 00:15:19,520 --> 00:15:21,520 Speaker 1: this is a legitimate term. I'm not making this up. 260 00:15:21,560 --> 00:15:25,200 Speaker 1: Animals have no souls. Animals don't have souls. It's impossible 261 00:15:25,280 --> 00:15:28,720 Speaker 1: for an like a dog to be happy because that's 262 00:15:28,720 --> 00:15:32,480 Speaker 1: a secondary emotion and are self aware enough. There's a 263 00:15:32,520 --> 00:15:36,760 Speaker 1: competing explanation for all of this, um. Species ists tend 264 00:15:36,840 --> 00:15:41,120 Speaker 1: to rely very strictly or remain very strictly within the 265 00:15:41,200 --> 00:15:44,920 Speaker 1: structure um provided by the scientific method and all his 266 00:15:45,000 --> 00:15:47,280 Speaker 1: studies here, he probably came out from that frame of mind. 267 00:15:47,360 --> 00:15:50,640 Speaker 1: Sure right, UM. But there's another way of looking at it, 268 00:15:50,720 --> 00:15:53,280 Speaker 1: and that is that humans simply haven't come up with 269 00:15:53,360 --> 00:15:57,640 Speaker 1: tests that are clever enough to get definitive proof that 270 00:15:57,720 --> 00:16:02,280 Speaker 1: an animal can experience happiness, or can or is aware 271 00:16:02,320 --> 00:16:04,680 Speaker 1: of time, the future, of the past, that kind of thing. 272 00:16:05,040 --> 00:16:08,200 Speaker 1: You can take that way too far, like after you know, 273 00:16:08,320 --> 00:16:11,720 Speaker 1: test after test after test that proves the opposite, you 274 00:16:11,760 --> 00:16:14,360 Speaker 1: could still conceivably say, well, there's a test out there 275 00:16:14,400 --> 00:16:16,800 Speaker 1: that that we haven't come up with you proves that 276 00:16:16,840 --> 00:16:19,880 Speaker 1: they can. Um. But I think that the testing that 277 00:16:19,960 --> 00:16:24,000 Speaker 1: has been done is very much below that threshold so far. 278 00:16:24,440 --> 00:16:28,280 Speaker 1: I don't think we have a clue, um, what we 279 00:16:28,520 --> 00:16:31,200 Speaker 1: animals are capable of as far as consciousness goes, because 280 00:16:31,240 --> 00:16:33,920 Speaker 1: we have such a loose grasp on our own consciousness. Sure, 281 00:16:33,920 --> 00:16:36,680 Speaker 1: and we can't uh certainly can't delve into an animal's 282 00:16:36,760 --> 00:16:38,640 Speaker 1: brain and see what they think and they can't tell 283 00:16:38,720 --> 00:16:41,200 Speaker 1: us anything. I guarantee you one thing. I bet you 284 00:16:41,280 --> 00:16:45,840 Speaker 1: Dr Roberts is not a dog owner. Agreed. Agreed, because 285 00:16:45,960 --> 00:16:48,080 Speaker 1: you have dogs, dude, and I guarantee you we're going 286 00:16:48,120 --> 00:16:51,400 Speaker 1: to get tons of mail from people saying, are you kidding? 287 00:16:51,760 --> 00:16:54,800 Speaker 1: My dog displays emotion every day? And you know, I 288 00:16:54,840 --> 00:16:57,200 Speaker 1: guess Caesar that the dog whisper might say, you know 289 00:16:57,280 --> 00:17:00,480 Speaker 1: that's you're putting your human construct on the dogs. From 290 00:17:00,480 --> 00:17:04,560 Speaker 1: my mind, yeah, anthrow anthropomorphizing. Yeah, I don't know, man, 291 00:17:04,640 --> 00:17:09,000 Speaker 1: my dog is they're both pretty emotional. Well, yeah, Anthropomorphizing 292 00:17:09,160 --> 00:17:13,679 Speaker 1: is the go to ammunition for species ists. And I 293 00:17:13,680 --> 00:17:16,560 Speaker 1: don't want, I don't mean to say that anybody who's saying, like, no, 294 00:17:16,840 --> 00:17:19,959 Speaker 1: animals can't be happy because it's secondary emotion and they 295 00:17:20,040 --> 00:17:22,960 Speaker 1: lack that sense of self awareness that required to experience this, 296 00:17:23,240 --> 00:17:27,400 Speaker 1: uh secondary emotion is a species ist. But the too 297 00:17:27,480 --> 00:17:29,679 Speaker 1: often go hand in hand. And it's really interesting that 298 00:17:29,720 --> 00:17:34,120 Speaker 1: there's a line drawn right now between people who think 299 00:17:34,160 --> 00:17:38,000 Speaker 1: animals don't have a soul and people who think animals 300 00:17:38,040 --> 00:17:41,080 Speaker 1: can be happy and all of the implications that come 301 00:17:41,119 --> 00:17:43,560 Speaker 1: with that. Jerry, I bet you think your dog is 302 00:17:43,560 --> 00:17:46,439 Speaker 1: a soul right, Jerry saying yeah, just to give the 303 00:17:46,440 --> 00:18:07,080 Speaker 1: sweetest face and nodded yes, yes. So, um, I feel 304 00:18:07,080 --> 00:18:09,600 Speaker 1: like Chuck and I just opened a big old canned worms. 305 00:18:09,680 --> 00:18:12,560 Speaker 1: So we'll see how this plays out in the emails, right, 306 00:18:13,280 --> 00:18:15,600 Speaker 1: if you want to read more about dogs perceiving time 307 00:18:16,119 --> 00:18:19,840 Speaker 1: to answer the question, according to Roberts, no, dogs don't 308 00:18:19,880 --> 00:18:23,399 Speaker 1: perceive time times a human construct consisting of a past, present, 309 00:18:23,440 --> 00:18:26,360 Speaker 1: in future and dogs pretty much living the present. Chuck 310 00:18:26,400 --> 00:18:29,199 Speaker 1: and I don't necessarily agree with that one. Uh, you 311 00:18:29,240 --> 00:18:32,639 Speaker 1: can go on and type in dogs perceived time in 312 00:18:32,680 --> 00:18:35,720 Speaker 1: the handy search bar at how stuff works dot com. 313 00:18:36,000 --> 00:18:37,919 Speaker 1: Since I just said that, it means it's time for 314 00:18:37,960 --> 00:18:45,280 Speaker 1: a whole mess of listener mail. You're right, Josh, this 315 00:18:45,400 --> 00:18:48,520 Speaker 1: is uh. We're just gonna call this Muppet mail, and 316 00:18:48,600 --> 00:18:50,879 Speaker 1: we are gonna go on a little longer than usual 317 00:18:50,960 --> 00:18:54,199 Speaker 1: with our mail because the Muppet podcast, I think we 318 00:18:54,240 --> 00:18:58,360 Speaker 1: will all agree, um, was sort of a c change episode, 319 00:18:58,720 --> 00:19:00,960 Speaker 1: and plus we just want to see how how long 320 00:19:01,080 --> 00:19:03,720 Speaker 1: this background music actually goes for I know, I mean, 321 00:19:03,760 --> 00:19:06,840 Speaker 1: we we literally got better response from the Muppet Show 322 00:19:06,880 --> 00:19:11,200 Speaker 1: episode than anything we've ever done. I would say, wouldn't you. Yeah, 323 00:19:11,400 --> 00:19:15,480 Speaker 1: the Henson company twittered about it. Yeah, Heather Henson, we 324 00:19:15,520 --> 00:19:18,360 Speaker 1: should say our colleague and friend, Jonathan Strickland of tex 325 00:19:18,359 --> 00:19:23,920 Speaker 1: Staff his uh sister sister friends with Heather Henson, and 326 00:19:24,440 --> 00:19:27,719 Speaker 1: it went viral thanks to him. Yeah, that's awesome. So 327 00:19:27,840 --> 00:19:30,760 Speaker 1: we got great response. It's clear that everyone loves the 328 00:19:30,840 --> 00:19:33,160 Speaker 1: Muppets and uh so I wanted to go just through 329 00:19:33,160 --> 00:19:34,399 Speaker 1: a few of these because I didn't want to just 330 00:19:34,440 --> 00:19:38,360 Speaker 1: do one um quickly before we start, and we never 331 00:19:38,400 --> 00:19:41,040 Speaker 1: do this, but a guy sent me an email and 332 00:19:41,080 --> 00:19:44,040 Speaker 1: I kind of touched a chord with me. So I 333 00:19:44,119 --> 00:19:47,240 Speaker 1: want to quickly give a shout out for for Joe 334 00:19:47,560 --> 00:19:51,159 Speaker 1: to Beth in Ellwood, Indiana, and Joe just wants to 335 00:19:51,200 --> 00:19:55,640 Speaker 1: say that he thinks that you are a pretty cool chick. Beth, Chuck, 336 00:19:55,680 --> 00:19:58,359 Speaker 1: are you playing matchmaker? Is that why you're wearing nothing 337 00:19:58,359 --> 00:20:00,760 Speaker 1: but a diaper and you have those wing I'm not saying, 338 00:20:01,119 --> 00:20:04,040 Speaker 1: but Beth and Elwood, Joe, Joe thinks your cool chicken. 339 00:20:04,359 --> 00:20:06,639 Speaker 1: So the week because she actually sent us a alien 340 00:20:06,640 --> 00:20:09,640 Speaker 1: hand syndrome video which rocked cool. That's good. I'll show 341 00:20:09,640 --> 00:20:12,240 Speaker 1: it to you quick. A couple of things that we 342 00:20:12,240 --> 00:20:15,439 Speaker 1: didn't mention in corrections First of all, Um, I mistakenly 343 00:20:15,480 --> 00:20:20,359 Speaker 1: referred to the Children's Television Workshop as the Children's Television Network, 344 00:20:20,560 --> 00:20:22,840 Speaker 1: So I goove that one. You're thinking of home shopping 345 00:20:22,880 --> 00:20:27,800 Speaker 1: that kids. We did not mention every Muppet movie. We 346 00:20:27,840 --> 00:20:31,520 Speaker 1: did not mention every Muppet venture because no want, I 347 00:20:31,560 --> 00:20:33,600 Speaker 1: want to late on this. We did that on purpose. 348 00:20:33,720 --> 00:20:36,359 Speaker 1: First of all, we mentioned the three that were in 349 00:20:36,400 --> 00:20:40,720 Speaker 1: theatrical Elite release directed by Jim Henson. Yes, and by 350 00:20:40,800 --> 00:20:44,480 Speaker 1: first of all, I mean that's it right right. So 351 00:20:44,480 --> 00:20:46,240 Speaker 1: a lot of people said, how could you not mention 352 00:20:46,400 --> 00:20:49,160 Speaker 1: Muppets Christmas Carol? And we wanted to mention everything, but 353 00:20:49,800 --> 00:20:52,520 Speaker 1: we we would have been sitting here reading things all 354 00:20:52,600 --> 00:20:56,159 Speaker 1: day long about the Dark Crystal and other Muppet ventures, 355 00:20:56,200 --> 00:20:58,040 Speaker 1: so we chose to only do the Henson ones. Would 356 00:20:58,040 --> 00:21:01,399 Speaker 1: I have to say Dark Crystal keeps me out? And 357 00:21:01,440 --> 00:21:03,160 Speaker 1: that was Hinton too, because I know people gonna write 358 00:21:03,160 --> 00:21:05,720 Speaker 1: and say that was Hinson, but get over it. Uh. 359 00:21:05,760 --> 00:21:07,359 Speaker 1: We had a gun and Peter wrote in and he 360 00:21:07,400 --> 00:21:11,320 Speaker 1: told us about the Muppet Whatnot Workshop? Yeah, and um 361 00:21:13,520 --> 00:21:17,080 Speaker 1: and uh, and you can go to New York City 362 00:21:17,119 --> 00:21:18,679 Speaker 1: and you could do it online. But I looked and 363 00:21:18,720 --> 00:21:21,359 Speaker 1: it's down right now. But it's just around Christmas time 364 00:21:21,480 --> 00:21:23,879 Speaker 1: or the holidays. No, they got bought out by Toys 365 00:21:23,960 --> 00:21:25,399 Speaker 1: r Us. I think. So that's down right now. But 366 00:21:25,440 --> 00:21:26,919 Speaker 1: you can still go to New York. You can go 367 00:21:26,960 --> 00:21:28,920 Speaker 1: to the Muppet Workshop and you can build your own 368 00:21:28,960 --> 00:21:32,679 Speaker 1: whatnot at Goldman says it costs about a hundred bucks. 369 00:21:33,119 --> 00:21:34,840 Speaker 1: And he sent me a picture of he and his 370 00:21:35,119 --> 00:21:37,639 Speaker 1: little cute daughter with her Muppet whatnot. So you want 371 00:21:37,640 --> 00:21:40,800 Speaker 1: to thank Peter for that. And actually I'm going on 372 00:21:40,840 --> 00:21:43,840 Speaker 1: and on, but Peter had one of the big food 373 00:21:43,880 --> 00:21:46,280 Speaker 1: and choo mustaches like me, Yeah, I'll tell you about this. 374 00:21:46,920 --> 00:21:49,760 Speaker 1: And I said, uh, very cool, Peter, thanks for sending this. 375 00:21:49,800 --> 00:21:51,320 Speaker 1: I said, it looks like you picked up a mustache 376 00:21:51,320 --> 00:21:53,800 Speaker 1: while you were there. And he wrote back and said, no, 377 00:21:53,920 --> 00:21:57,440 Speaker 1: I got that at the Sam Elliott. Uh Sam Elliott 378 00:21:57,480 --> 00:22:00,280 Speaker 1: Supply Center down the street or something like that. Peter's 379 00:22:00,280 --> 00:22:04,520 Speaker 1: of pack a picnic supper. Um. So that is all 380 00:22:04,560 --> 00:22:08,080 Speaker 1: for the corrections. Now we have a few emails. Um, 381 00:22:08,160 --> 00:22:10,160 Speaker 1: Josh and Chuck it just listen to how Muppets worked. 382 00:22:10,400 --> 00:22:12,160 Speaker 1: I was excited to hear you talk about it because 383 00:22:12,200 --> 00:22:14,719 Speaker 1: you mentioned the costume designer from Miss Piggie who happens 384 00:22:14,760 --> 00:22:18,520 Speaker 1: to be my aunt Callista. Oh wow she uh. If 385 00:22:18,560 --> 00:22:20,200 Speaker 1: you look up the Muppet Movie you can see her 386 00:22:20,240 --> 00:22:23,800 Speaker 1: in the costume and wardrobe department on IMDb. She worked 387 00:22:23,800 --> 00:22:25,840 Speaker 1: closely with Henson, and I've actually seen a picture of 388 00:22:25,840 --> 00:22:29,520 Speaker 1: her with Jim Henson setting up some Muppets and Emmett 389 00:22:29,560 --> 00:22:32,720 Speaker 1: Honor's jug Bane Christmas. She left the Muppets, I think 390 00:22:32,720 --> 00:22:34,560 Speaker 1: when Jim Henson died, but we still see her once 391 00:22:34,560 --> 00:22:38,000 Speaker 1: a year. That's from Sam and Josh is in fact 392 00:22:38,080 --> 00:22:42,440 Speaker 1: eating a Reese's cup. Uh onto the next one. Hi, guys, 393 00:22:42,480 --> 00:22:45,160 Speaker 1: I love your recent podcast. I was listening and thought 394 00:22:45,200 --> 00:22:48,080 Speaker 1: I would mention that Jim Henson studied muppetology at University 395 00:22:48,080 --> 00:22:50,760 Speaker 1: of Maryland. I know this because I went to school 396 00:22:50,800 --> 00:22:55,600 Speaker 1: there and there as a Jim Hinson studies program, and 397 00:22:55,760 --> 00:22:58,000 Speaker 1: it is our claim to fame. UM. I didn't know 398 00:22:58,040 --> 00:23:00,239 Speaker 1: he went to my school until I went there. And 399 00:23:00,320 --> 00:23:04,320 Speaker 1: there's actually a little a bench statue. It's a bench 400 00:23:04,320 --> 00:23:06,760 Speaker 1: with Henson sitting on it and Kerment sitting on the 401 00:23:06,800 --> 00:23:08,480 Speaker 1: back of the bench and they're kind of holding hands. 402 00:23:09,320 --> 00:23:11,640 Speaker 1: That is beyond cute. It is very cute. So and 403 00:23:11,640 --> 00:23:14,560 Speaker 1: and she also says that UM, This is from Lesia 404 00:23:15,240 --> 00:23:17,160 Speaker 1: that they have the rights to. It ain't easy being 405 00:23:17,160 --> 00:23:20,879 Speaker 1: green and Rainbow connection, So their marching band actually plays that. 406 00:23:21,359 --> 00:23:29,520 Speaker 1: The University of Maryland turps moving on. Man, listen to 407 00:23:29,560 --> 00:23:31,840 Speaker 1: this background music. Chuck is, I know, I know, I know. 408 00:23:32,240 --> 00:23:34,440 Speaker 1: We compared him up. It showed to thirty Rock, and 409 00:23:34,720 --> 00:23:38,399 Speaker 1: Phil of Lyndon, Washington has this to say, Um, I 410 00:23:38,440 --> 00:23:40,280 Speaker 1: was trying to imagine Sesame Street would look like in 411 00:23:40,359 --> 00:23:42,679 Speaker 1: real life. Two little boys getting there, an apartment, a 412 00:23:42,720 --> 00:23:46,680 Speaker 1: giant bird that sleeps behind garbage cans, a few scattered, 413 00:23:46,720 --> 00:23:49,560 Speaker 1: seemingly sensible adults who really have no jobs and nothing 414 00:23:49,560 --> 00:23:52,200 Speaker 1: else to do. No Mr Hooper at a store that 415 00:23:53,160 --> 00:23:55,280 Speaker 1: finally it hit me while working my job as a 416 00:23:55,320 --> 00:23:58,840 Speaker 1: special led classroom assistant. It is one big, government operated 417 00:23:58,880 --> 00:24:03,040 Speaker 1: group home facility special needs children and adults. Think about it. 418 00:24:03,080 --> 00:24:06,960 Speaker 1: Bert displays classic Asperger syndrome. They share a bedroom, uh 419 00:24:06,960 --> 00:24:08,840 Speaker 1: and obviously have some adult taking care of the rest 420 00:24:08,880 --> 00:24:12,600 Speaker 1: of their house. Oscar is schizophrenic with his mood swings 421 00:24:12,600 --> 00:24:14,840 Speaker 1: and a warm is the best friend as his big 422 00:24:14,880 --> 00:24:18,200 Speaker 1: bird with his imaginary friend. Uh. Was it sniffle lupus 423 00:24:19,359 --> 00:24:21,679 Speaker 1: and h tell me Grover's not dealing with severe a 424 00:24:21,760 --> 00:24:25,040 Speaker 1: d h D and Cookie Monster from manic bipolar tendencies. 425 00:24:25,600 --> 00:24:29,360 Speaker 1: And the jobless adults Gordon, Susan and Bob. So that's 426 00:24:29,359 --> 00:24:34,199 Speaker 1: from Phil are the jobless adults are the caregivers. He 427 00:24:34,240 --> 00:24:39,440 Speaker 1: says her jobless adults, I've got two more. Uh. Jerry's 428 00:24:39,480 --> 00:24:41,400 Speaker 1: laughing at how long this is going, but I warned her. 429 00:24:41,720 --> 00:24:43,840 Speaker 1: I was listening to your fantastic podcast and I had 430 00:24:43,840 --> 00:24:46,720 Speaker 1: to write in I am getting married at the Hinton 431 00:24:46,840 --> 00:24:50,480 Speaker 1: sound stage next year. That's so cool. Uh. He and 432 00:24:50,520 --> 00:24:52,480 Speaker 1: his wife to be towards the sound stage. It was 433 00:24:52,520 --> 00:24:54,880 Speaker 1: like being behind the scenes at the Muppet Show. We're 434 00:24:54,920 --> 00:24:57,200 Speaker 1: honored as the first wedding ever to be hosted there. 435 00:24:57,480 --> 00:24:59,160 Speaker 1: And I asked him a runa backs, like, dude, what's 436 00:24:59,160 --> 00:25:02,160 Speaker 1: the hook up? And he had none. He just asked, Huh. 437 00:25:02,280 --> 00:25:04,280 Speaker 1: They rented out to people, apparently for things, and no 438 00:25:04,320 --> 00:25:06,720 Speaker 1: one's ever thought to have a wedding front. And that 439 00:25:06,840 --> 00:25:08,960 Speaker 1: is from he gave us some facts. But when I've 440 00:25:08,960 --> 00:25:12,920 Speaker 1: time for that, that is from Dan and of t 441 00:25:13,160 --> 00:25:17,320 Speaker 1: D f Illustration dot Com because he's a cool artist. 442 00:25:17,359 --> 00:25:21,680 Speaker 1: I wanted to plug that from Dan and finally Josh 443 00:25:21,880 --> 00:25:25,119 Speaker 1: from Jake in Newport Richie, Florida, says, I was an 444 00:25:25,160 --> 00:25:28,080 Speaker 1: accident of the eighties and I missed him Uppet hey Day. 445 00:25:28,119 --> 00:25:30,160 Speaker 1: But I was lucky enough to have three older sisters 446 00:25:30,800 --> 00:25:32,880 Speaker 1: and parents who had the foresight to ensure that they 447 00:25:32,880 --> 00:25:36,720 Speaker 1: taped several seasons of the Muppet Show. So Jake is 448 00:25:36,760 --> 00:25:38,480 Speaker 1: a big fan of the Muppets now and he told 449 00:25:38,520 --> 00:25:41,000 Speaker 1: us this fact, which I did not know. Since Jim 450 00:25:41,080 --> 00:25:44,119 Speaker 1: Henson's death, Ralph the Dog has not spoken and is 451 00:25:44,200 --> 00:25:46,919 Speaker 1: seldom used. And it's my understanding that they do this 452 00:25:46,960 --> 00:25:49,720 Speaker 1: out of reverence to Mr Henson because Ralph was his 453 00:25:49,720 --> 00:25:54,000 Speaker 1: favorite Muppet. Oh yeah, yeah, I checked his wiped away 454 00:25:54,600 --> 00:25:58,000 Speaker 1: you sweet old. So that's Muppet mail. We got hundreds 455 00:25:58,119 --> 00:26:01,520 Speaker 1: of pieces of mail and good blow response and thanks 456 00:26:01,560 --> 00:26:03,320 Speaker 1: for sending them. And it was a good show. Yeah, 457 00:26:03,600 --> 00:26:06,600 Speaker 1: and we'll try to keep you supplied with more good 458 00:26:06,640 --> 00:26:09,000 Speaker 1: shows in the future. If you want to send an 459 00:26:09,000 --> 00:26:11,919 Speaker 1: email and try to make Chuck cry, it's not that hard. 460 00:26:12,680 --> 00:26:16,879 Speaker 1: You can send it to stuff podcast at how stuff 461 00:26:16,920 --> 00:26:21,800 Speaker 1: works dot com. Stuff you Should Know is a production 462 00:26:21,840 --> 00:26:24,560 Speaker 1: of iHeart Radios. How stuff Works for more podcasts for 463 00:26:24,640 --> 00:26:27,440 Speaker 1: my heart Radio because at the iHeart Radio app, Apple podcasts, 464 00:26:27,480 --> 00:26:29,159 Speaker 1: or wherever you listen to your favorite shows.