1 00:00:00,320 --> 00:00:02,920 Speaker 1: Hey there, history fans. We're off this week while I 2 00:00:02,960 --> 00:00:06,280 Speaker 1: finish up across country move but don't worry, We've got 3 00:00:06,320 --> 00:00:09,360 Speaker 1: plenty of classic shows to keep you busy. Please enjoy 4 00:00:09,440 --> 00:00:13,440 Speaker 1: these flashback episodes from the TDI HC Vault. 5 00:00:14,680 --> 00:00:17,680 Speaker 2: Welcome to This Day in History Class from HowStuffWorks dot 6 00:00:17,680 --> 00:00:19,640 Speaker 2: Com and from the desk of Stuff You Missed in 7 00:00:19,720 --> 00:00:22,240 Speaker 2: History Class. It's the show where we explore the past 8 00:00:22,360 --> 00:00:24,440 Speaker 2: one day at a time with a quick look at 9 00:00:24,440 --> 00:00:32,120 Speaker 2: what happened today in history. Hello and welcome to the podcast. 10 00:00:32,159 --> 00:00:35,400 Speaker 2: I'm Tracy V. Wilson and it's September seventh. On this 11 00:00:35,520 --> 00:00:39,120 Speaker 2: day in sixteen ninety five, pirate Henry Every pulled off 12 00:00:39,120 --> 00:00:42,920 Speaker 2: one of the most profitable raids in pirate history, which 13 00:00:42,960 --> 00:00:47,479 Speaker 2: also launched a massive international incident. Every saled aboard a 14 00:00:47,520 --> 00:00:51,080 Speaker 2: ship called the Fancy, which had previously been the Charles 15 00:00:51,080 --> 00:00:54,240 Speaker 2: the Second before he commandeered it from a Spanish port 16 00:00:54,280 --> 00:00:58,280 Speaker 2: in sixteen ninety four. From that port, he and his 17 00:00:58,480 --> 00:01:02,920 Speaker 2: newly piratical crew a course for Madagascar. They were joining 18 00:01:03,040 --> 00:01:05,640 Speaker 2: up with a route called the Pirate Round, which was 19 00:01:05,680 --> 00:01:09,240 Speaker 2: really popular among English pirates in the sixteen nineties. This 20 00:01:09,920 --> 00:01:13,440 Speaker 2: sailing route went from the Caribbean around the Cape of 21 00:01:13,480 --> 00:01:17,080 Speaker 2: Good Hope up to Madagascar and then into the Indian Ocean. 22 00:01:17,600 --> 00:01:19,960 Speaker 2: It was off the coast of Madagascar that Every joined 23 00:01:20,040 --> 00:01:22,640 Speaker 2: up with a whole collection of other pirates who were 24 00:01:22,680 --> 00:01:25,399 Speaker 2: hoping to attack a fleet of ships belonging to the 25 00:01:25,480 --> 00:01:30,040 Speaker 2: Mughal Empire. This empire ruled parts of the Indian subcontinent 26 00:01:30,080 --> 00:01:33,360 Speaker 2: from the early sixteenth century into the mid eighteenth century. 27 00:01:33,880 --> 00:01:37,280 Speaker 2: In sixteen ninety five, its territory covered most of what's 28 00:01:37,319 --> 00:01:43,120 Speaker 2: now India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, and Nepal. This fleet belonging 29 00:01:43,160 --> 00:01:46,920 Speaker 2: to the Mughal Empire was huge, twenty five ships, including 30 00:01:47,080 --> 00:01:50,800 Speaker 2: escort vessels. Some of the passengers were the emperor's own 31 00:01:50,960 --> 00:01:55,120 Speaker 2: family members returning from a pilgrimage to Mecca. The first 32 00:01:55,160 --> 00:01:57,960 Speaker 2: ship that Every and the other pirates attacked was called 33 00:01:58,000 --> 00:02:01,120 Speaker 2: the Fath Mammamade. It was an sa scortship that was 34 00:02:01,160 --> 00:02:05,080 Speaker 2: part of the rear guard. Their real prize, though, was 35 00:02:05,120 --> 00:02:09,760 Speaker 2: the Ganji Sawai, which is sometimes anglicized as the gun Sway. 36 00:02:10,639 --> 00:02:14,000 Speaker 2: They spotted this ship on September seventh, and this ship, 37 00:02:14,080 --> 00:02:18,000 Speaker 2: in addition to being large, was owned by Emperor Arnzeb 38 00:02:18,120 --> 00:02:21,840 Speaker 2: himself At least one of the Emperor's family members was 39 00:02:21,880 --> 00:02:26,240 Speaker 2: on board. The ship was huge, it was exceptionally well armed. 40 00:02:26,600 --> 00:02:29,040 Speaker 2: The pirates were only able to take it because when 41 00:02:29,080 --> 00:02:33,000 Speaker 2: the battle started, a piece of weaponry exploded and started 42 00:02:33,040 --> 00:02:37,320 Speaker 2: a fire. The behavior of these pirates once they took 43 00:02:37,360 --> 00:02:41,560 Speaker 2: over the Ganji Suwai was really horrible. They completely brutalized 44 00:02:41,600 --> 00:02:44,560 Speaker 2: the people on board in their search for treasure. They 45 00:02:44,600 --> 00:02:48,440 Speaker 2: came away with a huge hall of gold, silver and jewels. 46 00:02:49,480 --> 00:02:53,359 Speaker 2: But when the Ganji Sawai reached the Mughal Empire, the 47 00:02:53,400 --> 00:02:58,160 Speaker 2: Emperor and the rest of the people were outraged. Riots 48 00:02:58,200 --> 00:03:00,560 Speaker 2: spread through the city of Surret, which was the port 49 00:03:00,560 --> 00:03:03,200 Speaker 2: that the ship came into. They targeted the British East 50 00:03:03,240 --> 00:03:07,200 Speaker 2: India Company offices there. British officials started writing back to 51 00:03:07,280 --> 00:03:11,280 Speaker 2: London to report what had happened. This sparked a huge 52 00:03:11,480 --> 00:03:15,520 Speaker 2: international man hunt for Every and his pirate crew. The 53 00:03:15,520 --> 00:03:19,000 Speaker 2: British East India Company could not afford any problems in 54 00:03:19,080 --> 00:03:22,600 Speaker 2: their relationship with the Mughal Empire or the Emperor himself. 55 00:03:23,120 --> 00:03:27,200 Speaker 2: A few of Every's crew were captured, but Every was not. 56 00:03:27,760 --> 00:03:30,959 Speaker 2: Those who were captured were put on trial two times 57 00:03:31,320 --> 00:03:34,960 Speaker 2: to try to bring a conviction that would satisfy the 58 00:03:35,040 --> 00:03:38,520 Speaker 2: mvel Emperor. There were two trials because, much to the 59 00:03:38,520 --> 00:03:42,160 Speaker 2: surprise of all the authorities involved, the British people were 60 00:03:42,200 --> 00:03:46,200 Speaker 2: really excited about pirates. By the time this trial even happened, 61 00:03:46,240 --> 00:03:49,680 Speaker 2: there was already a really popular ballad about Henry. Every 62 00:03:50,400 --> 00:03:53,680 Speaker 2: was very high spirited and adventurous, and it did not 63 00:03:53,800 --> 00:03:57,640 Speaker 2: make him sound like a bad guy at all. So 64 00:03:57,840 --> 00:04:00,440 Speaker 2: after everyone was acquitted in the first trial, they had 65 00:04:00,440 --> 00:04:03,400 Speaker 2: to try them again, this time on a charge of 66 00:04:03,520 --> 00:04:07,840 Speaker 2: mutiny instead of piracy. They were found guilty of mutiny 67 00:04:07,880 --> 00:04:11,120 Speaker 2: and hanged. The British government had to pay reparations to 68 00:04:11,160 --> 00:04:15,680 Speaker 2: the Mughal Empire, but every himself was never captured. It's 69 00:04:15,720 --> 00:04:19,120 Speaker 2: more likely though, that he died in poverty than that 70 00:04:19,200 --> 00:04:21,000 Speaker 2: he went on to live like a king on his 71 00:04:21,080 --> 00:04:23,440 Speaker 2: pirate wealth. You can learn more about this in the 72 00:04:23,480 --> 00:04:26,240 Speaker 2: May ninth, twenty eighteen episode of Stuff You Missed in 73 00:04:26,320 --> 00:04:28,960 Speaker 2: History Class, and you can subscribe to This Day in 74 00:04:29,120 --> 00:04:32,520 Speaker 2: History Class on Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, and wherever real 75 00:04:32,600 --> 00:04:35,760 Speaker 2: to get your podcasts. Thanks also to Tari Harrison for 76 00:04:35,800 --> 00:04:38,839 Speaker 2: her audio work on this podcast. You can tune in 77 00:04:38,880 --> 00:04:49,400 Speaker 2: tomorrow for a labor strike that lasted for five years. 78 00:04:50,960 --> 00:04:53,360 Speaker 2: This Day in History Class is a production of iHeartRadio. 79 00:04:55,000 --> 00:04:58,760 Speaker 3: Hi, I'm Eves and Welcome to this Day in History 80 00:04:58,800 --> 00:05:10,320 Speaker 3: Class that covers a little bit more about history every day. 81 00:05:12,600 --> 00:05:17,880 Speaker 3: The day was September seventh, nineteen thirty six. The last Thilocene, 82 00:05:18,120 --> 00:05:21,640 Speaker 3: also known as the Tasmanian tiger, died at the Hobart 83 00:05:21,760 --> 00:05:26,480 Speaker 3: Zoo in Tasmania in nineteen eighty six. After no Thilocene 84 00:05:26,520 --> 00:05:30,520 Speaker 3: had been spotted for fifty years, the animal was declared extinct. 85 00:05:31,839 --> 00:05:38,520 Speaker 3: The Thilocene, scientific name Thilocenus sinocephalus, was a large carnivorous marsupial. 86 00:05:39,480 --> 00:05:42,960 Speaker 3: Its fur was short and yellowish brown or gray, and 87 00:05:43,040 --> 00:05:45,920 Speaker 3: it had dark stripes across its back from its shoulders 88 00:05:45,960 --> 00:05:50,000 Speaker 3: to its tail. Its head looked like a dog or wolfs, 89 00:05:50,160 --> 00:05:53,320 Speaker 3: and its ears were small, and females had a pouch 90 00:05:53,360 --> 00:05:57,480 Speaker 3: for carrying their young. The th Dilocene was mainly nocturnal. 91 00:05:58,000 --> 00:06:02,080 Speaker 3: It once lived all over Australia, from New Guinea to Tasmania, 92 00:06:02,480 --> 00:06:05,520 Speaker 3: but in recent times it was found only in Tasmania. 93 00:06:06,680 --> 00:06:10,080 Speaker 3: The first recorded killing of a Thilocene by Europeans happened 94 00:06:10,080 --> 00:06:13,400 Speaker 3: in eighteen o five, after it was killed. The Lieutenant 95 00:06:13,480 --> 00:06:17,359 Speaker 3: Governor of Tasmania, William Patterson, sent a description of the 96 00:06:17,400 --> 00:06:21,279 Speaker 3: animal to the Sydney Gazette. He wrote, it is very 97 00:06:21,279 --> 00:06:25,640 Speaker 3: evident this species is destructive and lives entirely on animal food. 98 00:06:26,120 --> 00:06:29,560 Speaker 3: On dissection, his stomach was filled with a quantity of kangaroo. 99 00:06:30,760 --> 00:06:34,280 Speaker 3: This deprecating take of thilocenes was also evident in later 100 00:06:34,320 --> 00:06:40,159 Speaker 3: European communications. Tasmania's Assistant surveyor George Prudeaux Harris wrote that 101 00:06:40,200 --> 00:06:44,080 Speaker 3: the animal had a savage and malicious appearance, and that 102 00:06:44,160 --> 00:06:49,120 Speaker 3: it appeared inactive and stupid. Thilocenes were also considered a 103 00:06:49,160 --> 00:06:52,440 Speaker 3: threat to sheep, though they were still quote cowardly and 104 00:06:52,560 --> 00:06:56,560 Speaker 3: by no means formidable to man, as later assistant surveyor 105 00:06:56,640 --> 00:06:59,640 Speaker 3: George William Evans put it in an eighteen twenty two book. 106 00:07:00,760 --> 00:07:04,080 Speaker 3: Since the Thylocene was viewed as destructive to flocks of sheep, 107 00:07:04,400 --> 00:07:08,479 Speaker 3: it was hunted and people offered rewards for killing the animal. 108 00:07:09,720 --> 00:07:13,480 Speaker 3: But the rhetoric around the Thylocene's savagery was just myth. 109 00:07:14,160 --> 00:07:17,600 Speaker 3: Minister John West of lawn Syston wrote in eighteen fifty 110 00:07:18,160 --> 00:07:21,720 Speaker 3: the Thylocene kills sheep, but confines its attack to one 111 00:07:21,800 --> 00:07:25,280 Speaker 3: at a time, and is therefore by no means as 112 00:07:25,320 --> 00:07:29,040 Speaker 3: destructive to a flock as the domestic dog become wild, 113 00:07:29,560 --> 00:07:33,320 Speaker 3: or as the dingo of Australia, which both commit havoc 114 00:07:33,440 --> 00:07:38,640 Speaker 3: in a single night. Still reports exaggerated the abundance of thylocenes, 115 00:07:38,880 --> 00:07:42,040 Speaker 3: how many sheep they killed, and how many bounties were 116 00:07:42,080 --> 00:07:45,960 Speaker 3: paid to kill them. Thylocenes were being blamed for the 117 00:07:46,000 --> 00:07:50,280 Speaker 3: attacks of wild dogs, horror management, rural depressions, and other 118 00:07:50,360 --> 00:07:55,080 Speaker 3: things that affected agricultural production. Though some people spoke up 119 00:07:55,080 --> 00:07:58,840 Speaker 3: against thilocene killings, the animal continued to get bad press 120 00:07:58,920 --> 00:08:03,160 Speaker 3: and was the subject of propaganda. The government even offered 121 00:08:03,200 --> 00:08:06,720 Speaker 3: a bounty of one pound for every adult thylocene killed 122 00:08:07,200 --> 00:08:10,280 Speaker 3: and ended up sponsoring the killing of two thousand, one 123 00:08:10,400 --> 00:08:14,240 Speaker 3: hundred and eighty four thilocenes. By the beginning of the 124 00:08:14,280 --> 00:08:19,120 Speaker 3: twentieth century, the number of thiloceines killed and bounties offered decreased. 125 00:08:19,640 --> 00:08:23,160 Speaker 3: Throughout the beginning of the century, the animal became rarer 126 00:08:23,240 --> 00:08:26,720 Speaker 3: as it faced competition from wild dogs, the destruction of 127 00:08:26,760 --> 00:08:31,400 Speaker 3: its habitat, and disease in addition to hunting. The last 128 00:08:31,440 --> 00:08:35,800 Speaker 3: known wild thylocene was shot in nineteen thirty The last 129 00:08:35,840 --> 00:08:40,120 Speaker 3: captive Thilocene, named Benjamin after its death, was held at 130 00:08:40,120 --> 00:08:44,520 Speaker 3: the Hobart Zoo. It died on September seventh, nineteen thirty six, 131 00:08:44,960 --> 00:08:49,520 Speaker 3: probably from neglect. The Thilocene was reportedly locked out of 132 00:08:49,559 --> 00:08:53,200 Speaker 3: its shelter and could have died from the cold. The 133 00:08:53,280 --> 00:08:57,680 Speaker 3: July before Benjamin died, Tasmania had listed the Thilocene as 134 00:08:57,720 --> 00:09:01,920 Speaker 3: a protected species. The Pilocene was listed as an endangered 135 00:09:01,960 --> 00:09:06,400 Speaker 3: species until it was declared extinct by the International Union 136 00:09:06,480 --> 00:09:10,520 Speaker 3: for Conservation of Nature in nineteen eighty two and the 137 00:09:10,559 --> 00:09:15,480 Speaker 3: Tasmanian government in nineteen eighty six. In nineteen ninety six, 138 00:09:15,800 --> 00:09:21,400 Speaker 3: Australia declared September seventh National Threatened Species Day. I'm Eve 139 00:09:21,480 --> 00:09:23,800 Speaker 3: jef Code and hopefully you know a little more about 140 00:09:23,840 --> 00:09:29,000 Speaker 3: history today than you did yesterday. We'll see you tomorrow. 141 00:09:31,360 --> 00:09:35,120 Speaker 1: For more podcasts from iHeartRadio, visit the iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts, 142 00:09:35,200 --> 00:09:36,880 Speaker 1: or wherever you listen to your favorite shows.