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Speaker 1: Hey, y'all, Eve's here. Today's episode contains not just one,

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Speaker 1: but two nuggets of history. These are coming from the

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Speaker 1: T D I h C Vault, so you'll also here too.

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Speaker 1: Hosts consider it a double feature. Enjoy the show. Welcome

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Speaker 1: to this Day in History Class from how Stuff Works

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Speaker 1: dot Com and from the desk of Stuff you missed

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Speaker 1: in History Class. It's the show where we explore the past,

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Speaker 1: one day at a time with a quick look at

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Speaker 1: what happened today in history. Hello, I'm Holly Fry and

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Speaker 1: I am sitting in for Tracy V. Wilson this week.

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Speaker 1: It's December and on this day in nine hundred, Carrie

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Speaker 1: Nation smashed the bar at the Carrie Hotel in Wichita, Kansas,

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Speaker 1: and I will tell you why she did that. Nation

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Speaker 1: was born Carrie Amelia Moore in Kentucky on November On

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Speaker 1: November one, eighteen sixty seven, at the age of twenty one,

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Speaker 1: Carrie married a man named Charles Gloyd, but she left

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Speaker 1: Gloyd just a few months into the marriage when she

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Speaker 1: found out she was pregnant. She believed that Charles could

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Speaker 1: not support a family because he was an alcoholic, and

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Speaker 1: Charles died shortly after the baby was born. Carrie next

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Speaker 1: married a journalist, lawyer, and preacher named David Nation, who

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Speaker 1: she believed had been sent to her by God after

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Speaker 1: she prayed for a solution to her problem of being

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Speaker 1: a single mother with no income. The marriage was not

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Speaker 1: very happy, though, according to Carrie's autobiography, the biggest conflict

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Speaker 1: was that she was much more devout than her preacher husband.

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Speaker 1: Carrie's faith continued to grow throughout her life. At a

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Speaker 1: Methodist conference in Texas in four she was deeply moved

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Speaker 1: during one of the sermons, later writing of the experience, quote,

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Speaker 1: my first impression was that an angel was talking and

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Speaker 1: that the house was ascending to heaven. I felt my

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Speaker 1: natural heart expanding to an enormous size, and this moment

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Speaker 1: led her to the decision that she should devote her

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Speaker 1: entire life to God. Carry became involved in charity work

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Speaker 1: in Medicine Lodge, Kansas, where she and David had moved,

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Speaker 1: working with women's and children's causes, and starting a local

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Speaker 1: chapter of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union. It was through

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Speaker 1: her volunteer work offering religious counseling to imprisoned men that

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Speaker 1: Carry determined that most criminal behavior was linked to alcohol,

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Speaker 1: which only intensified her fervor for temperance. She began to

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Speaker 1: organize protests, which consisted of groups of women like herself,

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Speaker 1: gathering outside or just inside of bars and saloons to

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Speaker 1: sing hymns and talk about God. Nation did not want

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Speaker 1: the men who ran those bars and saloons to get

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Speaker 1: into legal trouble. She literally blamed drink and not them

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Speaker 1: for their sins, and so she tried to counter the

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Speaker 1: lure of alcohol with the promise of religious salvation. She

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Speaker 1: also wrote to the county attorney and state attorney many

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Speaker 1: times to report the sale of alcohol in Kansas, and

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Speaker 1: sometimes got her information on liicit alcohol sales from the

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Speaker 1: men that she ministered to in jail. In June of nine,

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Speaker 1: Dred Carrie heard what she believed to be a divine

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Speaker 1: voice speaking to her, promising to stand by her in

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Speaker 1: her fight against alcohol, and directing her to go to Kiowa, Kansas,

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Speaker 1: a place that she knew illegal alcohol sales were taking place.

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Speaker 1: Carrie Nation traveled immediately to Kiowa, walked into a men's

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Speaker 1: club carrying a number of small parcels, and told the owner, quote, Mr. Dobson,

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Speaker 1: I told you last spring to close this place. You

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Speaker 1: did not do it. Now I have come down with

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Speaker 1: another remonstrance. Get out of the way. I do not

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Speaker 1: want to strike you, but I am going to break

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Speaker 1: this place up. And then she hurled her parcels, which

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Speaker 1: were in fact paper wrapped bricks around the bar, making

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Speaker 1: good on her promise to destroy the place. This was

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Speaker 1: the first in a long series of bar smashings performed

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Speaker 1: by Carrie, but one of the most famous was the

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Speaker 1: assault on the Carrey Hotel on December, a bar that

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Speaker 1: she selected as a target because of an indecent painting

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Speaker 1: that was hanging above the bar. She went at the

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Speaker 1: place with a cane that she had reinforced by strapping

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Speaker 1: an iron rod to it, and she did thousands of

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Speaker 1: dollars of damage in the process, and that resulted in

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Speaker 1: her arrest. Her time in jail did not deter Carrie Nation.

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Speaker 1: She continued in her mission to destroy establishments that served

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Speaker 1: spirits or alcohol of any kind, and she became quite

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Speaker 1: famous in the process, particularly for her use of a

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Speaker 1: hatchet as a means of destruction, something that she adopted

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Speaker 1: during one of her many smashings, which she started to

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Speaker 1: call hatchetations. She went on to start to temperance newspapers,

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Speaker 1: and she made public appearances both in the US and abroad,

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Speaker 1: always with her trusty hatchet and bible, always speaking about

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Speaker 1: the importance of temperance and selling souvenir photos of herself

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Speaker 1: holding that hatchet and bible along the way. Carrie died

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Speaker 1: in nineteen eleven after collapsing during a speaking engagement. She

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Speaker 1: did not live long enough to see the Eighteenth Amendment

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Speaker 1: past in nineteen nineteen, which outlawed alcohol sales nationally. She

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Speaker 1: also did not live to see its repeal in nineteen

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Speaker 1: thirty three, which ended prohibition. If you would like to

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Speaker 1: learn more about Carrie Nation and her life, which is

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Speaker 1: quite fascinating, uh, there is a two part episode by

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Speaker 1: Stuff you Missed in History Class in the archives. You

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Speaker 1: can find that in July. I want to thank Chandler

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Speaker 1: Mays and Casey Pegram for their work on the audio

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Speaker 1: for this show, and I want to thank you for listening.

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Speaker 1: You'd like to hear more, you can subscribe to This

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Speaker 1: Day in History Class on I Heart Radio's app, at

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Speaker 1: Apple Podcasts, or wherever you listen to podcasts. Tomorrow you

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Speaker 1: should come back because we're going to talk about an

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Speaker 1: important moment in early film history. Hey y'all, sieves, I'm

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Speaker 1: at home keeping warm for the holidays. But history does

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Speaker 1: not stop, so let's get into another episode. The day

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Speaker 1: was December twelve. The Laws of Bordighos, a set of

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Speaker 1: laws regulating the relationship between Spaniards and indigenous people in

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Speaker 1: the America's, was promulgated in Bordighos, Crown of Castile. Though

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Speaker 1: the Laws of Bordigos have been recognized for even attempting

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Speaker 1: to improve the treatment of indigenous people, they've been criticized

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Speaker 1: for not truly doing anything to make their lives better.

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Speaker 1: As the Spanish colonized the Caribbean islands, they decimated the

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Speaker 1: indigenous populations that lived there. When Christopher Columbus began his

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Speaker 1: expeditions in the Caribbean, the Tana were the largest group

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Speaker 1: of indigenous people of the Caribe be in, but by

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Speaker 1: the mid fIF hundreds there were barely any people left

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Speaker 1: due to the diseases the Spaniards brought. Indigenous people were

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Speaker 1: often physically and sexually abused. They were overworked, and their

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Speaker 1: customs were often stripped away from them, and many times

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Speaker 1: they were outright killed. Some people in Spanish colonial society

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Speaker 1: objected to this mistreatment and abuse. Antonio da Montesinos, a

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Speaker 1: friar and missionary on the island of Hispaniola, called for

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Speaker 1: an end to the enslavement of and violence committed against

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Speaker 1: the indigenous people on the island in fifteen eleven. Many

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Speaker 1: colonists rejected the call and denounced Antonio da Montesinos, but

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Speaker 1: King Ferdinand the Second called an ecclesiastical and academic panel

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Speaker 1: to decide how to deal with the mistreatment of indigenous

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Speaker 1: people in the Caribbean. On December twelve, Ferdinand the Second

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Speaker 1: issued the Laws of Ortigos, officially known as the Royal

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Speaker 1: Ordinance is for the good governance and treatment of the Indians.

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Speaker 1: The laws were originally intended for the island of Hispaniola,

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Speaker 1: which is made up of modern day Haiti and the

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Speaker 1: Dominican Republic, but they were extended to cover Jamaica and

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Speaker 1: Puerto Rico. The text included thirty five laws. Four amendments

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Speaker 1: were later added in July of the laws established Incommendetto's

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Speaker 1: responsibilities towards the people they held in Encomienda and Comenda

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Speaker 1: was a legal system instituted by the Spanish Crown that

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Speaker 1: granted colonists the right to collect tribute from and control

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Speaker 1: the labor of indigenous people. The laws of bordigos required

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Speaker 1: that the incommendetto or grantee provide food, lodging, clothing, and

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Speaker 1: religious instruction to the people they held in incomenda. They

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Speaker 1: also outlined the kinds and amount of labor that could

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Speaker 1: be required of those held in encomienda. They banned corporal

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Speaker 1: punishment of indigenous people, except by certain justices, but the

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Speaker 1: laws did not address the treatment of indigenous people during

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Speaker 1: the course of conquest, and Comienda was supposed to reduce

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Speaker 1: the abuses of the earlier system known as Robartimiento and

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Speaker 1: allow for a more humane approach to labor for the

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Speaker 1: indigenous people, but in comienda soon proved to be a

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Speaker 1: form of slavery, and most of the laws of the

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Speaker 1: bordergost Code were not enforced. Throughout the early fifteen hundreds,

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Speaker 1: people continued to decry the treatment of indigenous people. Bartolome

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Speaker 1: de las Casas, a former incomendero, spoke out against the

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Speaker 1: mistreatment of indigenous people, and in fifteen thirty a royal

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Speaker 1: decree banned the enslavement of indigenous people, but violations happened frequently,

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Speaker 1: and the band was reversed four years later, but the

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Speaker 1: protest continued, and in fifteen forty two, the Council of

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Speaker 1: the Indies wrote the New Laws of the Indies for

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Speaker 1: the Good Treatment and Preservation of the Indians. King Charles

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Speaker 1: the Fifth enacted the laws, wh abolished indigenous slavery and

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Speaker 1: ended the incomunda system. While Indigenous people still had to

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Speaker 1: pay tribute, they could not be demanded to work for free.

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Speaker 1: The new laws were opposed by many colonists in the

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Speaker 1: America's It did lead to the liberation of some indigenous laborers,

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Speaker 1: but in the King revoked the controversial law, stating that

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Speaker 1: incomendetto's could not pass on encomienda to their heirs. A

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Speaker 1: lighter version of the new laws was issued in fiftifty two.

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Speaker 1: I'm Eve stef Coote and hopefully you know a little

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Speaker 1: more about history today than you did yesterday. If you

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Speaker 1: have any questions or comments, feel free to send us

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Speaker 1: a shout on Facebook, Instagram or Twitter at t d

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Speaker 1: i h C podcast, and if you prefer email, send

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Speaker 1: us a note at this Day at I heeart media

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Speaker 1: dot com. Thanks again for listening, and we'll see you tomorrow. Yeah.

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Speaker 1: For more podcasts from I Heeart Radio, visit the iHeart

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Speaker 1: favorite shows.