WEBVTT - How Ebola Works 0:00:00.920 --> 0:00:04.400 Welcome to Stuff you should Know from house stuff Works 0:00:04.400 --> 0:00:13.119 dot com. Hey, and welcome to the podcast. I'm Josh Clark, 0:00:13.160 --> 0:00:16.239 and there's Charles W. Chuck Bryant, and Jerry in our 0:00:16.720 --> 0:00:20.880 germ free sealed off recording booth in Atlanta. I assume 0:00:20.920 --> 0:00:25.320 this is isolated. Yeah, I don't think it's a biological 0:00:25.360 --> 0:00:29.639 safety level four. Then you would you say maybe three? 0:00:30.000 --> 0:00:32.479 I don't know. I think we're probably zero. Have you 0:00:32.479 --> 0:00:36.360 ever been to the CDC? Now, um, they have you 0:00:36.400 --> 0:00:39.320 can go into their lobby. There's like a lobby museum, 0:00:39.360 --> 0:00:42.680 a couple of stories with a lot of interacting, interactive 0:00:42.680 --> 0:00:45.199 exhibits and um you me and I went and she 0:00:45.280 --> 0:00:48.640 tried on one of those biological safety level four suits. 0:00:48.760 --> 0:00:50.879 Oh yeah, yeah. I got a very cute picture of 0:00:50.880 --> 0:00:54.000 her in one. They probably swallowed her up. Yeah, they 0:00:54.080 --> 0:00:57.720 had extra small. I think I have one size. Yeah, 0:00:57.760 --> 0:01:00.480 it was just kind of drooping down. But it's a 0:01:00.480 --> 0:01:03.080 really neat museum. If you're ever in Atlanta, I strongly 0:01:03.080 --> 0:01:06.880 recommend going to the CDC. Yeah I'm gonna wait. Well, 0:01:07.000 --> 0:01:09.679 not that I'm paranoid, because we'll talk about how you 0:01:09.680 --> 0:01:12.400 can get ebola, but it's still uh, you know, I'll 0:01:12.440 --> 0:01:14.720 just I'll just wait. I don't really blame you. Yeah, 0:01:14.880 --> 0:01:17.480 I mean those two patients. There are two patients in 0:01:17.520 --> 0:01:19.280 Atlanta right now for those of you who have been 0:01:19.319 --> 0:01:22.840 under a rock lately, UM, who are being treated for bola, 0:01:23.040 --> 0:01:28.399 apparently successfully through a UM at the time, an unapproved 0:01:28.480 --> 0:01:33.759 drug um or therapy, i should say. And they're at Emory, 0:01:33.800 --> 0:01:37.240 though they're not at the CDC. The CDC is only 0:01:37.319 --> 0:01:40.760 dangerous because you know they keep antraks and unlocked refrigerators 0:01:40.800 --> 0:01:42.640 and that kind of thing. Yeah, and hey, we want 0:01:42.640 --> 0:01:45.600 to thank Jerry for speeding this one through. Uh we 0:01:45.680 --> 0:01:47.360 got a lot of requests to do this, obviously because 0:01:47.360 --> 0:01:50.320 it's timely, and uh we waited a week and there's 0:01:50.360 --> 0:01:52.960 been some new developments and there will be more in 0:01:53.000 --> 0:01:56.520 the coming weeks obviously. But um, we're recording this today 0:01:56.520 --> 0:01:59.560 and it's coming on on Thursday, and like it's Tuesday, 0:01:59.600 --> 0:02:05.320 Today's yeah, so bam, it's dropping, that's right. Um. So 0:02:05.640 --> 0:02:09.119 there's people in Atlanta with ebola right now, and those 0:02:09.120 --> 0:02:11.799 people came from Liberia. There are a couple of missionaries 0:02:12.320 --> 0:02:15.080 and they were flown back to America to be kept 0:02:15.080 --> 0:02:19.640 in isolation units in Emery with controversy surrounding that move. Well, yeah, 0:02:19.800 --> 0:02:23.959 because if you're a utilitarian philosopher, that was a monstrously 0:02:24.080 --> 0:02:27.080 stupid thing to do, to voluntarily bring ebola into the 0:02:27.120 --> 0:02:30.280 United States. Yes, and you you there's a good chance 0:02:30.320 --> 0:02:32.400 that you will save the lives of two people, but 0:02:32.480 --> 0:02:36.200 you also threaten the lives of several hundred million people 0:02:36.639 --> 0:02:39.560 who may not have ever otherwise been exposed to the virus. 0:02:39.880 --> 0:02:42.120 So I'm not one for like panic and especially not 0:02:42.200 --> 0:02:46.959 fomenting panic. Um. But just if you if you understand 0:02:47.120 --> 0:02:51.680 utilitarian philosophy, it doesn't make any sense whatsoever. But we're 0:02:51.760 --> 0:02:56.320 compassionate humans, not robots, so utilitarian philosophy doesn't usually go 0:02:56.440 --> 0:03:00.000 over that. Well have you seen Contagion? Yeah, I think 0:03:00.040 --> 0:03:02.680 we've talked about that on the show. Reading all this 0:03:02.720 --> 0:03:06.600 stuff really like, Solderberg kind of nailed it. Yeah, he did. 0:03:06.800 --> 0:03:10.000 And uh, I believe in that movie it became airborne though, 0:03:10.320 --> 0:03:12.560 which is was it a bowler in the movie? Well, no, 0:03:12.680 --> 0:03:15.000 I don't think they was something similar. Yeah, I don't 0:03:15.040 --> 0:03:17.400 even think they named it because so they could take 0:03:17.400 --> 0:03:20.480 a little bit of fictional license, or maybe they named it, 0:03:20.520 --> 0:03:22.040 but I don't think it's a Bola but you know, 0:03:22.240 --> 0:03:25.639 started with a fruit bat and you know transferred. We'll 0:03:25.680 --> 0:03:27.760 get to all that stuff. Yeah, that one scene where 0:03:27.760 --> 0:03:29.800 Gwyneth Paltrow is that fruit bat on her face and 0:03:29.840 --> 0:03:33.840 she can't get it off. Very scary movie though, Man 0:03:33.919 --> 0:03:36.360 it is Outbreak was pretty good too. I haven't seen 0:03:36.400 --> 0:03:38.840 it in many, many years, but I liked it at 0:03:38.840 --> 0:03:43.160 the time. It's all right, it was okay, not as 0:03:43.200 --> 0:03:49.840 good as Contagion. Dustin Hoffman plays an epidemiologist like no other. Okay, 0:03:49.880 --> 0:03:51.640 so let's get down to it. Man, let's talk about 0:03:51.640 --> 0:03:55.800 a bull. It's uh, as far as discovery goes, it's 0:03:55.800 --> 0:04:01.080 a relatively new player on the deadly virus infects a scene. Yeah, 0:04:01.120 --> 0:04:03.640 I guess we should go back to nineteen seventy six. Um. 0:04:03.680 --> 0:04:05.800 It's actually named for and I didn't know this, the 0:04:05.800 --> 0:04:09.520 Evola River in the Democratic Republic of Congo, which UM 0:04:10.440 --> 0:04:12.760 imagined that river didn't see a lot of traffic anymore 0:04:13.360 --> 0:04:16.320 with that name. But it has nothing to do with 0:04:16.360 --> 0:04:18.240 the fact that they discovered it in the river or 0:04:18.279 --> 0:04:20.840 anything like that. It's just the region. Yeah, and at 0:04:20.839 --> 0:04:24.080 the time that country was known as Zaire And even 0:04:24.160 --> 0:04:28.760 still there's a strain of Ebola known as zaire type ebola, 0:04:28.880 --> 0:04:31.000 and it's the deadliest of all. Yeah. Each of the 0:04:31.000 --> 0:04:34.800 five strains are named for the origin country or area. 0:04:35.560 --> 0:04:39.320 And uh. In this case, a man named Mabolo Um 0:04:39.520 --> 0:04:43.320 sought treatment for a fever in nineteen seventy six. Uh. 0:04:43.480 --> 0:04:45.720 They thought it was malaria, which a lot of times 0:04:45.720 --> 0:04:48.400 they still mistake it from malaria or other diseases. So 0:04:48.839 --> 0:04:51.440 they treated him with a shot of quinine and said, 0:04:51.480 --> 0:04:53.400 this should make you feel better. Let me reuse that 0:04:53.440 --> 0:04:57.800 needle because of sire and we're underfunded medically speaking. And 0:04:58.040 --> 0:05:01.320 uh that of course sprea. And before you know it, 0:05:01.839 --> 0:05:06.359 relatives friends after performing burial rituals where they have close 0:05:06.400 --> 0:05:12.280 contact with bodily remains and fluids, people started dropping like flies. 0:05:13.040 --> 0:05:16.320 It's really scary. There's so and then that was they 0:05:16.360 --> 0:05:18.440 think he was patient zero. At the very least, he 0:05:18.520 --> 0:05:23.920 was an index patient, which is the patient zero is 0:05:23.960 --> 0:05:26.640 like the first person to ever contract it, and an 0:05:26.640 --> 0:05:29.680 index person is the first person in an outbreak. I 0:05:29.720 --> 0:05:33.159 believe it's possible that Maballo is both. He could be 0:05:33.160 --> 0:05:36.039 patient zero and the index patient for that particular outbreak, 0:05:36.279 --> 0:05:39.560 but the patient zero for all of ebola. Yeah, and 0:05:39.600 --> 0:05:43.760 in this case, in of the three and fifty eight 0:05:43.760 --> 0:05:48.080 people died and uh, it's kind of a near simultaneous 0:05:48.080 --> 0:05:53.080 outbreak happened in Sudan, and of the two and eighty 0:05:53.120 --> 0:05:55.800 four died in Sudan, which is pretty good because it 0:05:55.839 --> 0:06:00.600 generally kills about Okay, so that's Sudan type bola. It's 0:06:00.640 --> 0:06:04.719 less deadly than Zaire type of bola. Game, yes, but 0:06:04.920 --> 0:06:09.600 even still you're talking it's way better than But consider this, chuck, 0:06:09.680 --> 0:06:15.400 I looked this up. You know, the influenza um of uh, 0:06:15.760 --> 0:06:19.839 the Spanish flu, I think is what it's frequently Back then, 0:06:20.000 --> 0:06:24.520 there something like I think twenty million to forty million 0:06:24.600 --> 0:06:29.520 people died in one year across the world. Wow. Okay, 0:06:29.839 --> 0:06:33.200 the the average life expectancy in the US dropped by 0:06:33.279 --> 0:06:36.600 ten years that one year because of that one flu. 0:06:36.880 --> 0:06:39.599 It had a mortality rate of only two point five percent. 0:06:40.400 --> 0:06:44.159 I bola has a mortality rate of n Well. Yeah, 0:06:44.200 --> 0:06:48.000 that's why it's so frightening, because if it became airborne 0:06:48.240 --> 0:06:53.320 or aerosol and widespread, it's could eradicate, like the planet, 0:06:53.400 --> 0:06:56.640 pretty much of human being. Luckily, it's only been shown 0:06:56.680 --> 0:06:59.440 to be able to spread via aerosol, like through the 0:06:59.480 --> 0:07:03.440 air among monkeys. That's kind of cold comfort though if 0:07:03.480 --> 0:07:06.479 you think about it, because we can get it from monkeys, 0:07:06.480 --> 0:07:08.480 and if monkeys can give it to each other like that, 0:07:08.520 --> 0:07:13.720 then who that's terrible. That's bad stuff. The reason why 0:07:13.760 --> 0:07:17.480 they think a bola has not spread as one because 0:07:17.520 --> 0:07:20.160 you can't catch it through the air, but also kind 0:07:20.160 --> 0:07:23.320 of chillingly, it kills people too fast for them to 0:07:23.440 --> 0:07:26.720 infect that many other people. One of the problems and 0:07:26.760 --> 0:07:29.760 you you you've mentioned it in that story about Maballa 0:07:29.880 --> 0:07:33.080 patient zero or at least the index patient from ninety six. 0:07:34.000 --> 0:07:39.960 UM in Central Africa, there are a lot of burial 0:07:40.000 --> 0:07:43.000 customs that require, like you said, the family and friends 0:07:43.560 --> 0:07:48.080 of the deceased to wash the body sometimes to clean 0:07:48.120 --> 0:07:51.480 the waste and food out of the body, and um 0:07:51.520 --> 0:07:54.320 to not use protection or gloves or anything like that. 0:07:54.640 --> 0:07:57.160 Like contact with the body is key, right, It's a 0:07:57.240 --> 0:08:00.440 part of the ritual burial. And it's still it's like 0:08:00.800 --> 0:08:03.440 even during this outbreak now you have like World Health 0:08:03.520 --> 0:08:05.960 Organization people going from village to village saying do you 0:08:06.000 --> 0:08:07.840 have any dead that we can take away to bury 0:08:07.880 --> 0:08:09.920 and they're like, no, no one's died here, and they're 0:08:09.960 --> 0:08:13.960 literally hiding the bodies because they don't want they're they're 0:08:14.000 --> 0:08:16.640 deceased to not be honored in the way that they 0:08:16.640 --> 0:08:19.800 should be based on custom and tradition. The problem is 0:08:19.840 --> 0:08:23.480 that this custom and tradition is also simultaneously spreading the 0:08:23.560 --> 0:08:27.000 Ebola virus. Yeah, I mean just something like that. If 0:08:27.040 --> 0:08:28.720 they could just talk them into at least like wearing 0:08:28.720 --> 0:08:32.040 gloves or something like, any little bit would help at 0:08:32.040 --> 0:08:36.640 this point. Yeah. So, um, you said there's five types 0:08:36.679 --> 0:08:39.960 of ebola. Yeah, I guess we should talk about the 0:08:39.960 --> 0:08:45.160 philo virus family, because Ebola is a virus, and it 0:08:45.280 --> 0:08:49.240 is a philo virus, which isn't that different from any 0:08:49.280 --> 0:08:52.680 kind of kind of virus actually, but it is a 0:08:52.720 --> 0:08:56.160 worm like particle that's described as hooked like a shepherd's 0:08:56.160 --> 0:08:59.240 crook or a six or you. But you mentioned the 0:08:59.640 --> 0:09:02.280 five ferent types and they're named after the region of 0:09:02.320 --> 0:09:06.040 their origin, desire and pseudan strains that we talked about, 0:09:06.600 --> 0:09:12.200 the Bunda Bugyo, the Thai forest formerly the code Duvoir, 0:09:12.480 --> 0:09:16.160 and the rest In type as in rest in Virginia, 0:09:16.200 --> 0:09:20.000 which is uh, you might think, yeah, but it's true. Yeah, 0:09:20.000 --> 0:09:23.240 there was a shipment of crab eater monkeys that came 0:09:23.240 --> 0:09:26.280 out of the Philippines, which is the origin of the 0:09:26.360 --> 0:09:29.840 rest and type E bolavirus um. And they were sent 0:09:29.920 --> 0:09:32.840 to U LAB, a testing facility in Rest in Virginia, 0:09:33.360 --> 0:09:36.200 and um, a bunch of the monkeys started dying. Actually 0:09:36.200 --> 0:09:39.120 two shipments I think of monkeys died from this. And 0:09:39.160 --> 0:09:42.000 in the second shipment, some of the monkeys infected some 0:09:42.080 --> 0:09:45.240 of the humans, and the humans contracted the virus, but 0:09:46.200 --> 0:09:49.320 nobody showed symptoms. So we found out that the rest 0:09:49.320 --> 0:09:53.440 and virus humans don't respond to. Yeah, it's not deadly 0:09:53.559 --> 0:09:57.680 at this point at least, which is great. Um, it's great, 0:09:57.960 --> 0:10:02.559 but when less deadly of bolivirus is definitely good. Yeah, seriously. Um. 0:10:02.679 --> 0:10:05.920 All of the genetic information though from uh, the bola 0:10:06.120 --> 0:10:09.319 is comes from RNA instead of DNA like US humans. 0:10:10.040 --> 0:10:12.360 And it's really pretty basic. Compared to US, if we 0:10:12.440 --> 0:10:15.880 have three billion base pairs of DNA, they're only about 0:10:15.960 --> 0:10:20.600 nineteen thousand number of RNA and a philo virus, which 0:10:20.640 --> 0:10:23.040 is uh, you know, it's pretty basic. Yeah, And the 0:10:23.280 --> 0:10:27.280 RNA actually is basically like with any virus, it's just 0:10:27.440 --> 0:10:32.880 there to say, here's the instructions to replicate me, and uh, 0:10:32.920 --> 0:10:36.679 here you go. And they the virus. The Bola virus 0:10:36.679 --> 0:10:39.560 spreads like any other virus, where it basically enters the cell. 0:10:40.080 --> 0:10:43.800 It injects that RNA, which in turn hijacks the processes 0:10:43.800 --> 0:10:46.600 of the cell and turns it from its regular duties 0:10:46.640 --> 0:10:51.040 into becoming a replication machine for the virus. And it 0:10:51.080 --> 0:10:53.680 turns out all of these UM, all of these different 0:10:54.400 --> 0:10:58.880 virus particles viryons I think is what they're called UM, 0:10:58.960 --> 0:11:02.880 and those things eventually overwhelmed the cell. And if it's 0:11:02.880 --> 0:11:07.120 an enveloped UM virus like a Bola, that means that 0:11:07.200 --> 0:11:09.520 the virus can go in and out of the cell 0:11:09.600 --> 0:11:15.200 membrane because it's surrounded by like a fat, lipid coating UM. 0:11:15.240 --> 0:11:17.120 It can go in and out of the host cell 0:11:17.280 --> 0:11:21.840 without destroying the host cell. A naked virus goes in, 0:11:22.400 --> 0:11:26.280 injects its stuff, it takes over the host cell, which 0:11:26.400 --> 0:11:28.640 makes so many that the host cell just ruptures. And 0:11:28.679 --> 0:11:32.040 then that's the way that the the other viruses are released. 0:11:32.320 --> 0:11:35.880 With the bowl of virus, it just basically secretes in 0:11:35.880 --> 0:11:38.400 a really gross way. But a cell that's been hijacked 0:11:38.400 --> 0:11:42.719 secretes new UM BOWLA viruses. Yeah, and it uh, I 0:11:42.760 --> 0:11:44.200 mean a lot of this is still a mystery that 0:11:44.280 --> 0:11:46.160 we're figuring out, but they do know that it can 0:11:46.200 --> 0:11:48.559 infect a lot of different types of cells, but mainly 0:11:49.320 --> 0:11:53.080 attacks the immune system and then from there travels to 0:11:53.240 --> 0:11:55.440 the lymph nodes and then the spleen and the liver 0:11:55.559 --> 0:11:59.000 through the bloodstream, and once it's in those cells, it's 0:11:59.000 --> 0:12:02.120 going to release a bunch of nasty chemicals. They think 0:12:02.120 --> 0:12:04.280 it's related to the closest to the measles and the 0:12:04.320 --> 0:12:07.520 momps actually, which um, all that stuff is helpful and 0:12:07.559 --> 0:12:11.360 trying to figure out yours. So they think from what 0:12:11.400 --> 0:12:13.640 they understand of the E. Boulavirus, Now, as you contracted 0:12:14.040 --> 0:12:17.840 through contact with body fluids and it gets into your 0:12:17.960 --> 0:12:20.880 mucous membranes or breaks in the skin, and once there 0:12:20.920 --> 0:12:24.720 it shows a preference for immune cells. Like it goes 0:12:24.760 --> 0:12:27.400 after talk about an aggressive virus. It goes after the 0:12:27.480 --> 0:12:30.040 very cells that are meant to destroy it and it 0:12:30.120 --> 0:12:33.079 messes with them. Depending on the type of cell, it'll 0:12:33.520 --> 0:12:37.400 either make their function go hey wire, which accounts for 0:12:37.480 --> 0:12:41.400 like a huge immune response, or it will shut down 0:12:42.200 --> 0:12:46.160 like an immune cells defenses right, So it makes your 0:12:46.160 --> 0:12:48.760 immune system go hey wire, but also prevents your immune 0:12:48.760 --> 0:12:51.440 system from mounting a defense, which is why you're in 0:12:51.480 --> 0:12:54.080 so much trouble if you contract a bowla because it 0:12:54.160 --> 0:12:56.640 just goes after your immune system, and then once your 0:12:56.640 --> 0:12:59.920 immune system is suppressed, Uh, it goes after other cells 0:13:00.040 --> 0:13:04.400 like epithelial cells or endothelial cells, so like connective tissue 0:13:04.400 --> 0:13:10.079 cells or um neurological cells, cells that line them the 0:13:10.120 --> 0:13:12.960 interior of your blood vessels, which makes your blood vessels 0:13:12.960 --> 0:13:17.360 weaken and start to bleed internally. Um. And it then 0:13:17.400 --> 0:13:19.280 it like you said, it goes into your liver and 0:13:19.320 --> 0:13:23.800 your spleen and just hijacks everything they're ultimately leading to 0:13:24.200 --> 0:13:27.600 tissue damage and then organ failure. Yeah, that's how you 0:13:27.640 --> 0:13:32.160 will eventually die as multi organ failure in shock. Um. 0:13:32.160 --> 0:13:35.280 And you know you mentioned the the antibodies. That's typically 0:13:35.320 --> 0:13:38.480 how they test for ebol anaus to looking for the 0:13:38.520 --> 0:13:41.840 antibody instead of the virus. But like you mentioned, it 0:13:41.880 --> 0:13:44.280 may have suppress the immune system such that they can't 0:13:44.280 --> 0:13:47.640 even detect it. And the only test they have are 0:13:48.600 --> 0:13:53.240 expensive and they're tough to transport, require machinery, So it's 0:13:53.240 --> 0:13:56.079 not the kind of stuff that uh, they're sending over 0:13:56.120 --> 0:13:59.520 to Western Central Africa for the most part. Yes, sadly, 0:13:59.760 --> 0:14:02.920 so it makes it the fact that it's in um 0:14:03.160 --> 0:14:06.640 often very remote locations, that the outbreaks have been kind 0:14:06.679 --> 0:14:12.800 of um uh contained. I guess they've been relatively small. 0:14:13.280 --> 0:14:20.760 Um I think something like people out of outbreaks since 0:14:20.880 --> 0:14:25.400 nine Yes, I have three thousand cases in two thousand 0:14:25.480 --> 0:14:27.440 deaths and that's up to the minute, like that it 0:14:27.520 --> 0:14:30.240 includes this current outbreak. Yeah, this was like from three 0:14:30.280 --> 0:14:32.960 hours ago. So that's I mean, that's if a lot 0:14:33.000 --> 0:14:36.080 of people, especially if you live in Central or West Africa. 0:14:36.560 --> 0:14:38.680 But if you're looking at the grand scheme of things, 0:14:38.800 --> 0:14:42.440 especially for as virulent as this virus is, uh, that's 0:14:42.440 --> 0:14:45.080 not that many people. So the fact that it's so 0:14:45.120 --> 0:14:47.440 contagious that it's hard to get and that it's hard 0:14:47.440 --> 0:14:51.680 to detect makes it very difficult to work on a bola, 0:14:51.800 --> 0:14:54.960 work on a vaccine, work on a treatment for it, 0:14:55.000 --> 0:14:58.120 that kind of thing. Well, and sadly, like I know 0:14:58.200 --> 0:15:02.800 this isn't across the board, but pharmaceutical companies developed drugs 0:15:03.200 --> 0:15:06.080 that will make them money. Uh, they're not in it 0:15:06.760 --> 0:15:10.560 for curing the world of rare diseases that number in 0:15:10.600 --> 0:15:14.680 the hundreds or low thousands. And basically there's it's it's 0:15:14.720 --> 0:15:17.160 stuff to admit it, but there's not a market for 0:15:17.200 --> 0:15:21.600 these vaccines, a money market, which is a big failure 0:15:21.800 --> 0:15:26.120 for humanity. Yeah yeah, Well it takes the threatened life 0:15:26.120 --> 0:15:31.480 of two American missionaries to really get the pharmaceutical industry going. 0:15:32.240 --> 0:15:34.960 That's exactly what's happened. All right, Well, let's um take 0:15:35.000 --> 0:15:36.520 a break here and then we'll talk about some of 0:15:36.520 --> 0:15:49.960 the actual symptoms right after this message. Okay, you're gonna 0:15:50.000 --> 0:15:53.000 know if you have ebola. Well, actually you won't know 0:15:53.280 --> 0:15:55.720 for a little while. It's what's kind of scary, is 0:15:55.760 --> 0:15:57.560 it may it may think it's something else, but when 0:15:57.560 --> 0:16:00.840 it enters your body, Uh, it's gonna kind of just 0:16:00.880 --> 0:16:03.880 sit there silently for two to twenty one days, typically 0:16:03.920 --> 0:16:06.880 about four to ten, and then you're gonna start noticing 0:16:07.320 --> 0:16:12.440 fever's headache, chill, um joints aching, You're gonna be really tired. 0:16:13.040 --> 0:16:17.480 And then that's when you will likely be misdiagnosed, right 0:16:17.520 --> 0:16:21.840 with malaria or something else, maybe dingay fever, uh, maybe 0:16:21.920 --> 0:16:24.760 yellow fever, but typically malaria is the one that they 0:16:24.800 --> 0:16:29.240 go with because the Central and West Africa, so you 0:16:29.280 --> 0:16:32.280 know there it's lousy with malaria anyways, and it looks 0:16:32.320 --> 0:16:36.360 exactly like malaria. It's after a couple of days of 0:16:36.720 --> 0:16:40.200 showing symptoms that it starts to become apparent that possibly 0:16:40.200 --> 0:16:43.000 it's a bowla. And the reason why it's because you 0:16:43.160 --> 0:16:46.000 take a very sudden, very sharp term for the worse. 0:16:46.720 --> 0:16:49.560 After after the first couple of days of showing the 0:16:49.680 --> 0:16:53.120 normal flu like symptoms, Yeah, then you're gonna have um, 0:16:53.360 --> 0:16:58.400 bloody diarrhea, jaundice, really bad sore throat, you're gonna vomit, 0:16:58.680 --> 0:17:01.760 You're not gonna be hungry. And then once you have 0:17:01.840 --> 0:17:06.000 symptoms for about five days, about fifty of the victims 0:17:06.040 --> 0:17:09.480 will develop rashes on their shoulders and like chest area. 0:17:10.040 --> 0:17:13.800 And that's the second stage. There's still yet a third stage. 0:17:14.320 --> 0:17:17.600 It's about this time where um, you if you are 0:17:17.720 --> 0:17:21.679 going to have a large amounts of bleeding, this is 0:17:21.680 --> 0:17:26.120 where it's going to start to happen after several days. UM. Apparently, 0:17:26.200 --> 0:17:30.159 in very aggressive cases of ebola, like the Zaire type, 0:17:31.000 --> 0:17:33.840 you can die like in six days after symptoms, which 0:17:33.880 --> 0:17:38.160 is extraordinarily mind boggling lee fast for something like this, UM. 0:17:38.280 --> 0:17:41.520 And the thanks to our friends at the movie Outbreak. 0:17:42.080 --> 0:17:44.000 When people think of a bowla, they think of people 0:17:44.080 --> 0:17:48.600 like squirting blood out of their eyes. Um, there is 0:17:48.720 --> 0:17:52.200 typically some sort of internal bleeding with Ebola. It is 0:17:52.240 --> 0:17:55.840 a hemorrhagic fever. After all, about fifty percent of patients 0:17:55.880 --> 0:18:00.119 will have this bleeding, mainly in the gastro intestinal tract. So, 0:18:00.320 --> 0:18:02.480 but it's not gonna it's not coming out of your 0:18:02.520 --> 0:18:05.240 eyes or anything like that. But it is a result 0:18:05.240 --> 0:18:08.440 of the Ebola virus going after those endothelial cells, those 0:18:08.440 --> 0:18:11.360 cells that UM make up the structure of the blood vessels, 0:18:11.640 --> 0:18:14.719 and going after the tissues and the organs and UM 0:18:14.760 --> 0:18:18.040 just degrading them. Basically. It's also a part of your 0:18:18.040 --> 0:18:20.840 immune response. Like you can have an over inflammation as 0:18:20.880 --> 0:18:23.480 a result too. So all this stuff is adding up 0:18:23.520 --> 0:18:26.800 to you bleeding internally. And we should say, though, chuck, 0:18:27.080 --> 0:18:30.920 like you're not gonna bleed to death. Um, people who 0:18:31.000 --> 0:18:34.800 die from a vote bullet typically die as a result 0:18:34.920 --> 0:18:37.680 of UM that internal bleeding may lower their blood pressure 0:18:37.960 --> 0:18:40.920 and they'll die from hypotensive shock. Yeah. So, I mean 0:18:40.960 --> 0:18:43.600 what happens is your your your blood tries to clot 0:18:43.800 --> 0:18:48.200 thanks to proteins, and there's so much clotting going on 0:18:48.320 --> 0:18:50.760 and so many proteins hard at work, it can't keep 0:18:50.840 --> 0:18:53.920 up essentially, and once the tissue damage starts, those proteins 0:18:53.920 --> 0:18:58.320 are busy and you're bleeding is uncontrolled at that point, right, 0:18:58.520 --> 0:19:02.600 and it's very sad result. Speaking of proteins, ebola makes 0:19:02.760 --> 0:19:06.560 a two types of this, one specific protein a glycoprotein, 0:19:06.920 --> 0:19:11.280 and one is pretty straightforward. It allows the ebola to 0:19:11.400 --> 0:19:15.120 move in and out of a host cell. The second 0:19:15.400 --> 0:19:20.680 use of them, the it's called secreted glycoprotein s GP. 0:19:21.600 --> 0:19:26.800 That stuff basically goes out and hushes the immune response. 0:19:27.320 --> 0:19:31.840 It says, you'd be quiet, be still, and it just 0:19:31.880 --> 0:19:37.520 basically goes in shuts down the The antigens is what 0:19:37.560 --> 0:19:41.040 they're called, that come after things like ebola and kill them, 0:19:41.400 --> 0:19:44.560 and it basically just ties them. It ties them up, 0:19:44.560 --> 0:19:49.000 in gags them. Wow, I know. And that it's just crazy. Yeah, 0:19:49.080 --> 0:19:53.399 I mean, it's a nasty, nasty virus um. What we 0:19:53.480 --> 0:19:55.399 know about it right now is and this is one 0:19:55.400 --> 0:19:58.560 of the other scariest parts is that, uh, they are 0:19:58.600 --> 0:20:03.680 still not for sure where ebola hangs out for the 0:20:03.760 --> 0:20:06.359 years that it lies dormant in the world, because it 0:20:06.400 --> 0:20:08.640 doesn't go away. That went away, it wouldn't come back. 0:20:09.000 --> 0:20:12.119 It just means it's out there somewhere in a reservoir 0:20:12.160 --> 0:20:15.480 and a host. It is a zoonotic disease, so it 0:20:15.520 --> 0:20:19.359 occurs naturally in animals, but obviously it's transmitted to humans, 0:20:19.400 --> 0:20:23.280 and like I said, it doesn't go away. What they 0:20:23.320 --> 0:20:26.080 have to look for and what they've tested and killed 0:20:26.840 --> 0:20:32.040 scores of animals doing, is to see if an animal 0:20:32.119 --> 0:20:36.119 can survive the virus, because if they can survive the virus, 0:20:36.160 --> 0:20:40.399 they are a good candidate to be the host a reservoir. Yeah, exactly. Um, 0:20:40.440 --> 0:20:42.920 So they've tested all kinds of animals and what they're 0:20:43.880 --> 0:20:47.080 pretty sure of but still not a cent sure of, 0:20:47.720 --> 0:20:50.320 is that it is the fruit bat. Yeah, it looks 0:20:50.320 --> 0:20:52.880 a lot like the fruit bat. The reason that they've 0:20:52.960 --> 0:20:55.720 been having such a hard time finding it is because 0:20:56.080 --> 0:21:00.320 from after the six outbreak, Ebola just like went island 0:21:00.400 --> 0:21:03.320 until the nineties until there's another outbreak in the nineties, 0:21:03.600 --> 0:21:07.080 which is really suspicious as far as epidemiology is concerned, 0:21:07.119 --> 0:21:10.080 because that's not supposed to happen. So it made them 0:21:10.119 --> 0:21:13.600 think that maybe there was some exotic animal or exotic 0:21:13.720 --> 0:21:17.280 plant or something that was acting as the reservoir. Um. 0:21:17.359 --> 0:21:19.280 But now they're starting to think more and more that yeah, 0:21:19.280 --> 0:21:22.720 it's the common fruit bat. Yeah, because they fruit bats 0:21:22.800 --> 0:21:26.040 can have the virus and not get sick. And that 0:21:26.200 --> 0:21:28.600 is uh. And they've you know, fruit bats are in 0:21:28.640 --> 0:21:33.399 locations where they have the index cases. Yeah, pointing towards 0:21:33.440 --> 0:21:36.200 the old fruit bat. Yeah. Plus you can get they've 0:21:36.240 --> 0:21:39.719 shown um that ebola can be transmitted through bat guano, 0:21:40.240 --> 0:21:44.280 which is bat poop, which is what happened in uh contagion. 0:21:45.240 --> 0:21:49.199 Was it bat poop? Yeah, that's scene where um Gwyneth 0:21:49.200 --> 0:21:52.920 Paltrow's is eating a bowl of bat poop on a bat. 0:21:53.440 --> 0:21:55.680 Spoiler alert, I think it was through a bat through 0:21:55.680 --> 0:21:59.520 a pig that eventually found this way to a restaurant. Yeah. Yeah, 0:21:59.560 --> 0:22:01.119 The way that movie unfolds at the end, man is 0:22:01.160 --> 0:22:03.840 just chilling. Yeah. So, like we said, we know how 0:22:03.840 --> 0:22:08.440 it's transmitted, uh event through first human animal contact, then 0:22:08.480 --> 0:22:12.119 the infection, and then through you know, bodily fluids and 0:22:12.119 --> 0:22:16.680 secretions and uh dirty needles is the biggest culprit though, 0:22:16.720 --> 0:22:20.240 and depending on how you get it, uh could affect 0:22:20.359 --> 0:22:24.480 the outcome. If you have gotten it through a needle, 0:22:25.200 --> 0:22:30.040 you have on chance of dying since nineteen seventy six, Um, 0:22:30.080 --> 0:22:33.560 if you've gotten it other uh like through other contact, um, 0:22:33.600 --> 0:22:35.520 it can be about eighty percent, So I guess that's 0:22:35.520 --> 0:22:38.040 where they come up with the rate. Yeah, I think 0:22:38.040 --> 0:22:44.760 the hundred percent rate was for the outbreaks specifically. Yeah, 0:22:44.880 --> 0:22:48.560 a hundred percent of people who transmitted it via needle 0:22:48.800 --> 0:22:53.359 in that outbreak died. That is insane. Yeah, and uh, 0:22:53.480 --> 0:22:55.880 the incubation period is different to three to six days 0:22:55.880 --> 0:22:58.320 for a patient if you're stuck with a needle, versus 0:22:58.359 --> 0:23:02.119 five to nine for intact exposure. Yeah. So, Chuck, we're 0:23:02.160 --> 0:23:05.320 gonna talk about how to prevent the spread of ebola 0:23:05.720 --> 0:23:09.000 up next, and what's going on right now with possible cure. 0:23:10.400 --> 0:23:22.200 So so, up until recently when we had these patients 0:23:22.400 --> 0:23:25.840 shipped over to America, your only chances of contacting ebola's 0:23:25.880 --> 0:23:28.920 if you went over to Central or West Africa, um, 0:23:29.000 --> 0:23:31.440 which a lot of people do, a lot of people 0:23:31.480 --> 0:23:33.800 live there as well. Uh. And they suggest that if 0:23:33.840 --> 0:23:37.119 you find yourself over there, you not dwell in forests 0:23:37.240 --> 0:23:39.640 or caves because that's where the fruit bats are. Well. 0:23:39.640 --> 0:23:42.520 Plus you can contract it from guerrillas and stuff too. Sure, 0:23:42.840 --> 0:23:46.080 so you shouldn't eat bush meat, shouldn't touch dead guerrillas, 0:23:46.359 --> 0:23:49.680 shouldn't touch dead animals, period, try and limit that contact. Yeah, 0:23:49.720 --> 0:23:52.719 that's probably a good idea. And of course, UM, if 0:23:52.760 --> 0:23:56.080 you're over there working as a healthcare worker, or if 0:23:56.119 --> 0:23:59.040 you're just over there working or living, you should avoid 0:23:59.160 --> 0:24:03.040 any kind of reuse needle because that's your guaranteed to 0:24:03.040 --> 0:24:06.800 get it. Almost So we mentioned already the burial practices 0:24:06.880 --> 0:24:10.719