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Speaker 1: store near you and be sure to tell them. George

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Speaker 1: Nordy sent you. Now Here's a highlight from coast to

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Speaker 1: coast AM on iHeart Radio. Lots things going on in

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Speaker 1: the world of science and space. I mean, what a

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Speaker 1: great time to be alive. Oh my gosh. You know,

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Speaker 1: I was just thinking about this today, George. Um, I

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Speaker 1: wish I was thirty forty years younger, because the people

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Speaker 1: who were young today are about to see a renaissance

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Speaker 1: in the exploration of space and of the universe. I mean, um,

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Speaker 1: we're about where we're seeing the beginnings of a revolution

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Speaker 1: in the industry of rockets, and it's going to be

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Speaker 1: I think, as influential in the future of the human

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Speaker 1: race and the culture of the human race, as influential

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Speaker 1: as the computer revolution that took place in the eighties

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Speaker 1: and nineties. Um. It's it's a significant thing. I mean,

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Speaker 1: it's not going to be that you'll have desktop computers,

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Speaker 1: I mean rockets, but the ability and the number of

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Speaker 1: new companies that are coming along long and developing new

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Speaker 1: and cheaper ways to put rockets into orbit, and technology

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Speaker 1: for rocket engines, and just the whole the whole business

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Speaker 1: of using space, uh, for a variety of purposes, not

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Speaker 1: just simply to explore and settle the Solar System, but

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Speaker 1: also to do various things that can make money here

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Speaker 1: for people on Earth. Is going to influence the future,

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Speaker 1: the next century of America, of human endeavors, the United

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Speaker 1: States especially, but the world, and we're seeing it really

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Speaker 1: becoming now. I report on this and behind the block

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Speaker 1: all the time, um and every day practically I'm reporting

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Speaker 1: about either a new rocket company about to do a

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Speaker 1: new test. It's a whole bunch of this loan um.

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Speaker 1: Or I'm reporting about you know, lots of new companies

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Speaker 1: doing spectacular new things. And this is going to be

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Speaker 1: a very exciting time over the next decade or so.

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Speaker 1: What about new propulsion systems. Do you see anti grap

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Speaker 1: up an popping one day? Well, I don't know, that's

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Speaker 1: that suggest that's that's that's pushing it, that's going really out.

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Speaker 1: I look at things like, uh, there's a really small

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Speaker 1: company called Alca that is developing a what they called

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Speaker 1: an aerospike engine. This is something that NASA tried to

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Speaker 1: put together with the X thirty three about two decades ago.

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Speaker 1: Um Uh. It's the idea of the aerospike engine. Nozzle

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Speaker 1: would increase the efficiency of rocket engine significantly, and it

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Speaker 1: has to do with how the atmosphere changes. The density

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Speaker 1: atmosphere changes as the rocket goes higher in elevations, it's

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Speaker 1: firing and UH the the the shape of the nozzle

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Speaker 1: as you use today is defined by one point in

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Speaker 1: that flight. If you could have the shape of the

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Speaker 1: nozzle change as the rockets going up, you can increase

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Speaker 1: the efficiency engine significantly. And the concept of the aerospike

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Speaker 1: is that the atmosphere itself forms at the nozzle shape.

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Speaker 1: The jet comes out along a ramp and UH pushes

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Speaker 1: against the ramp and the atmosphere and there's half beyond now.

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Speaker 1: So literally is the atmosphere changing as its density changes,

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Speaker 1: it changes its shape. This is a concept that they've

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Speaker 1: had for decades, but no one's have done it well.

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Speaker 1: There's a small rocket company that's developing a rocket right

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Speaker 1: now and it's really weird to look at this because

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Speaker 1: the base of the rocket doesn't have a nozzle like

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Speaker 1: you'd imagined it. It looks like it's got a a

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Speaker 1: sharp knife edge. And they're developing this aerospike engine and

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Speaker 1: they're going to do tests on it, and if it's

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Speaker 1: successful and that the engineering makes sense, they will change

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Speaker 1: how rockets fly. They will make it much easier to

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Speaker 1: make rockets reusable because you'll have more there few and

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Speaker 1: that will make it more likely as the second stages

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Speaker 1: of rockets could be bringing board back to Earth and recovered.

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Speaker 1: And once again, you're then getting to a point where

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Speaker 1: rocket ships. You're not talking about first stages. You're talking

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Speaker 1: about rocket ships. The first stage of a ship. You'll

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Speaker 1: start to name them. They'll be used. You'll have people

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Speaker 1: selling used first stages. You know, you want to get

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Speaker 1: a satellite up and you don't have the money, you

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Speaker 1: can buy a youth first and maybe a US second stage.

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Speaker 1: The industry is going to change, and that means a

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Speaker 1: wealth of exploration in throughout the Solar System will open

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Speaker 1: up the Solar System people who want to explore it.

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Speaker 1: It's already beginning to open up to private companies building

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Speaker 1: lunar and planetary missions to explore and do science in space.

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Speaker 1: And they're do they're they're developing the technology because they

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Speaker 1: can get their payloads up cheaper, they have more resources

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Speaker 1: to get them up, and therefore they can offer the

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Speaker 1: scientists an opportunity to do research and space and they

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Speaker 1: have money. Uh, and usually they go to a NASSA

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Speaker 1: or NASSA by you know, builds it. But now NASA

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Speaker 1: has the opportunity may be doing this much cheaper. So

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Speaker 1: I know, I don't think in terms of things like antigraphy,

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Speaker 1: because you know that's maybe so, but that's not right

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Speaker 1: on the cost. That's not going to be happening in

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Speaker 1: the next decade. But what is happening is you're going

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Speaker 1: to start to see really real spaceships, I mean real

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Speaker 1: space science fiction from the fifties, flying up and down

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Speaker 1: from the Earth to space and in space, real spaceships

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Speaker 1: flying from planet to planet. And that's about to happen,

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Speaker 1: and over the next two decades it's gonna boom, and

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Speaker 1: it's going to change the human race. It's going to

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Speaker 1: change culture everywhere. Well, private companies need governmental approval in

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Speaker 1: order to launch or go to the moon or do

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Speaker 1: anything like that in space. Oh well, you know, I

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Speaker 1: I don't know if your listeners are gonna really want

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Speaker 1: to talk about this. I've been writing op eds about

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Speaker 1: this in the last six months actually, But we have

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Speaker 1: a very serious problem having to do with the Outer

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Speaker 1: Space Treaty that was assigned in the late sixties because

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Speaker 1: of the Cold War was basically negotiate anybody by the

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Speaker 1: United States in Russia and Soviet Union, and that treaty

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Speaker 1: forbids any nation from claiming territory in space, which means

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Speaker 1: that the legal framework that would work is essentially the U.

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Speaker 1: N Well, what that means is that no the lead.

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Speaker 1: If you have a private asteroid mining company and you

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Speaker 1: want to land on the Moon and start mining a

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Speaker 1: piece of territory, you can't establish your property rights. There's

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Speaker 1: no way to establish your borders. There's no legal framework

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Speaker 1: for doing it. The US can't establish can't impose its

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Speaker 1: laws on any piece of territory. I mean, because we've

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Speaker 1: been to the moon nobody else has in terms of manpower,

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Speaker 1: we can't claim the moon is ours. We can't claim

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Speaker 1: it no, under no condition. And what I say is

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Speaker 1: that that's a mistake. We should allow nations to be

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Speaker 1: able to claim territory, but we should set up the

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Speaker 1: nation should negotiate a new treaty which allows them to

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Speaker 1: claim territory, but not like the whole moon. So we

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Speaker 1: land on the moon, we don't get to claim home.

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Speaker 1: You don't get the whole thing. But like the homesteading

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Speaker 1: situation you put in, the nation can make a claim

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Speaker 1: you can hold Let's say you can have a thousand

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Speaker 1: square uh miles or five hundred miles, even a hundred miles,

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Speaker 1: you know, just to give the nation in a large

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Speaker 1: chunk and then the nation can decide how it wants

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Speaker 1: to issue establish law within that territory. In the US

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Speaker 1: would go back and do homesteadying, allow private citizens to

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Speaker 1: claim territory, you know, these small pieces of property, and

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Speaker 1: then they can make profit on it. And you have

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Speaker 1: solid property rights. So you can't claim in the fact

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Speaker 1: that I have a post on behind the Black today

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Speaker 1: about an article um discussing how do we protect the

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Speaker 1: Apollo sites on the Moon? How do we preserve them?

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Speaker 1: We can't claim them. We can't declare them historic sites,

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Speaker 1: even though they're important American historical sites. We can't do

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Speaker 1: it because of the out of Space treaty. And so

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Speaker 1: the people who are talking about the same way, we

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Speaker 1: have to go to the U N and write up

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Speaker 1: a new some kind of preservation situation. Once again, you

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Speaker 1: create those kind of you know, what you're gonna end

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Speaker 1: up doing is you're you're not necessary going to protect

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Speaker 1: those sites. What you're gonna do is restrict the freedoms

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Speaker 1: of the people who eventually will be exploring, settling. The

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Speaker 1: very brave people that will be settling the Moon, you'll

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Speaker 1: be telling them when you can't do certain things. I

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Speaker 1: think that's a mistake. We should try to establish something

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Speaker 1: where there's real profit motive and private rights and individual

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Speaker 1: rights for the settlers that will go to space. And

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Speaker 1: the out of Space Treaty is an obstacle that right now.

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Speaker 1: And it's interesting to me that I raised this issue

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Speaker 1: in an up about five months ago, and it's been

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Speaker 1: raised by space people for decades, but no one ever

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Speaker 1: pays attention. I raised this issue in an up ED

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Speaker 1: and I was astonished that within in the last three months,

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Speaker 1: this has been coming up repeatedly. Uh and it hadn't

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Speaker 1: been anywhere since I both the up ED. I was

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Speaker 1: actually very smarted. I don't think. I just think I

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Speaker 1: I hit the button on the head just when the

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Speaker 1: discussion was starting to barcolate. I mean, Ted Cruz had

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Speaker 1: a series of hearings where they repeatedly discussed the Outer

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Speaker 1: Space treating and whether it should be changed or not.

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Speaker 1: And there's a lot of people saying it shouldn't be changed.

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Speaker 1: I think they're just afraid of changing things. I think

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Speaker 1: this is an issue, and you know, from an American perspective,

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Speaker 1: I want American law to be to be uh protecting

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Speaker 1: American companies and individuals that go into space because u

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Speaker 1: N we're gonna have the u N do that. And

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Speaker 1: I don't trust the UN as far as I can

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Speaker 1: throw that building and trust me, I can't even want

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Speaker 1: to go to We've had six manned moon landing seven

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Speaker 1: we that's correct. Let's see eleven, twelve, fourteen, fifteen, uh,

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Speaker 1: sixteen and fifteen. Yeah, I'm pretty sure we had sex.

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Speaker 1: We had we had twelve guys go to the moon,

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Speaker 1: I mean you know, and that's they landed and walked around,

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Speaker 1: so that would be the number. I mean, you're making me.

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Speaker 1: You're embarrassing me because last mission I'm looking at my

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Speaker 1: owners cycloped here on this last mission was a polo seventeen,

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Speaker 1: so there you go. Seventeen had a blank for a second.

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Speaker 1: So that's uh six missions because their team didn't make

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Speaker 1: didn't go as they went around the moon, just's like apolloway,

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Speaker 1: but they didn't land and those those that's twelve guys

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Speaker 1: they saw. I like to joke about this state, you know,

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Speaker 1: because there's a lot of people who say, oh, we've

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Speaker 1: been to the moment in there, done that it's its

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Speaker 1: old hat. Those six guys saw about as much territory

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Speaker 1: as maybe a cab in New York City man to day,

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Speaker 1: which means they haven't seen anything. But I bet it

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Speaker 1: was still exciting. But you know what, because they didn't

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Speaker 1: see a great deal. And they remember those missions all

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Speaker 1: generally landed near the equator, and they tried to land

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Speaker 1: in relatively safe places. Of the latest flat places of

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Speaker 1: the later missions took a little bit more dramatic territory,

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Speaker 1: but they really didn't see most of the lunar surface.

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Speaker 1: We don't know anything about the polls. There's never been

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Speaker 1: a landing on the far side of the Moon. The

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Speaker 1: Chinese are going to try to do that later this year,

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Speaker 1: said some Some say, and I know how you feel

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Speaker 1: about this, but some say there are structures on the

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Speaker 1: back side to the Moon. The same people who say that,

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Speaker 1: we're saying that the Mesa on Mars that's just a plane.

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Speaker 1: Mesa was a face and that wasn't the case, and

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Speaker 1: that it's the silliness there the moon, you know. But

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Speaker 1: I will say this, I'm I'm extremely skeptical about that

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Speaker 1: kind of stuff, and that's an understatement, but I will

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Speaker 1: say this and this is just adding to what I

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Speaker 1: just said a moment ago, which is we've seen in

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Speaker 1: close up in detail, almost nothing of the lunar surface,

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Speaker 1: So who knows, you know, two thousand and one to

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Speaker 1: they found a monolith once they got there, and they

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Speaker 1: had a sick colony there and they started to really

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Speaker 1: explore and boom they found this thing buried under the

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Speaker 1: ground and it was alien structure. So you get to

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Speaker 1: the Moon, you have the possibility of really exploring and

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Speaker 1: maybe finding something that is not predicted um and so

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Speaker 1: in that case, are all the more reason to go.

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Speaker 1: You gotta get there, you know. Uh. I was once

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Speaker 1: at a presentation by Chris uh Spiers, who's who's in

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Speaker 1: charge of the Opportunity and Spirit rovers, And I think

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Speaker 1: that's right. I've heard that name, yeah, and he's told

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Speaker 1: he talked to great length about what they were accomplishing.

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Speaker 1: And I raised my hand and I asked, tell me,

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Speaker 1: how how long would this have taken if a human

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Speaker 1: geologist had been there? And he says, oh, we spent

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Speaker 1: about this was about not five six years ago, So

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Speaker 1: they've only been up there five six years. Those rovers,

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Speaker 1: they weren't supposed to be ninety days, but they were

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Speaker 1: working already almost a half decade, and he said, oh, well,

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Speaker 1: what we did in the last half decade could have

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Speaker 1: probably been done in an afternoon by a single geologist. Geologists,

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Speaker 1: so if we're really going to explore these places and

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Speaker 1: see them at great length, we've got to be there ourselves.

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Speaker 1: The all the rovers and the landers and the orbiters

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Speaker 1: are doing is doing that scouting to prayer. Listen to

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Speaker 1: more Coast to Coast AM every weeknight at one am Eastern,

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Speaker 1: and go to Coast to Coast am dot com for

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Speaker 1: more