WEBVTT - What's the Tallest Mountain in the Solar System?

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<v Speaker 1>Welcome to brain Stuff, a production of iHeart Radio. Hey

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<v Speaker 1>brain Stuff, Lauren Vogelbaum. Here there's a thrill like no

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<v Speaker 1>other to reaching the peak of a mountain and looking

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<v Speaker 1>down at the landscape below. And it turns out that

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<v Speaker 1>our highest mountains here on Earth are actually some of

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<v Speaker 1>the smallest in our Solar system. So what is the

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<v Speaker 1>tallest mountain in the Solar System? The answer, its location

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<v Speaker 1>and its monstrous size might surprise you. After all, there

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<v Speaker 1>aren't that many other rocky planets and moons in the

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<v Speaker 1>Solar System that are big enough to have a mountain

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<v Speaker 1>larger than ours. But the tallest mountain in the Solar

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<v Speaker 1>System is, in fact, Olympus Mons on Mars. This giant

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<v Speaker 1>stratovolcano rises sixteen miles that's over eighty four thousand feet

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<v Speaker 1>or twenty five kilometers above the surface of the red planet.

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<v Speaker 1>It's one of a dozen huge volcanoes on Mars. For comparison,

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<v Speaker 1>the tallest volcano on Earth, Monacheia, is less than half

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<v Speaker 1>that size, just six miles over thirty three thousand feet

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<v Speaker 1>or ten kilometers high, and only two fifths of that

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<v Speaker 1>can be seen above the surface of the ocean. Meanwhile,

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<v Speaker 1>at the peak of Olympus Mons, a huge caldera or crater,

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<v Speaker 1>stretches across some fifty miles or eighty kilometers wide, and

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<v Speaker 1>the base of Olympus Mons is three hundred and forty miles.

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<v Speaker 1>That's five hundred and fifty kilometers wide. Basically the length

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<v Speaker 1>of the state of Mississippi. Olympus Mons is more than

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<v Speaker 1>twice as tall as Mount Everest, which might seem odd

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<v Speaker 1>given that Mars is half Earth's size by diameter, and

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<v Speaker 1>scientists hypothesized that Olympus Mons and its monstrous siblings grew

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<v Speaker 1>so tall due to three different factors. First, Mars is

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<v Speaker 1>a much more volcanically active planet than Earth. While Earth

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<v Speaker 1>certainly had a period of intense volcanic activity long ago,

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<v Speaker 1>Mars has been much more volcanically active for longer. Additionally,

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<v Speaker 1>the tectonic plates on Mars move more slowly than they

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<v Speaker 1>do here on Earth. This allows huge mountains to form

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<v Speaker 1>and remain, while giant mountains on Earth might be pushed

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<v Speaker 1>under other tectonic plates, what paleontologists call the process of

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<v Speaker 1>subduction or otherwise affected by tectonic activity. Finally, the pull

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<v Speaker 1>of gravity on Mars is only about thirty eight percent

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<v Speaker 1>as strong as it is on Earth due to differences

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<v Speaker 1>in the mass of each planet. Paleontologists believe this may

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<v Speaker 1>allow mountains to grow taller on Mars, since gravity doesn't

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<v Speaker 1>pull the magma down the same way that it does

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<v Speaker 1>on Earth. These forces together have allowed Olympus Mons to

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<v Speaker 1>form as the biggest mountain in the Solar System and

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<v Speaker 1>remain that way for over the billions of years in

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<v Speaker 1>our Solar systems history. So how do the tallest mountains

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<v Speaker 1>of our planet staff up? It depends on how you

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<v Speaker 1>measure them. A Mount Everest is Earth's tallest mountain on land,

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<v Speaker 1>rising nine thousand feet or eight thousand nine d. That

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<v Speaker 1>actually doesn't make it the tallest mountain on the planet,

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<v Speaker 1>though Monakea in Hawaii is considered the tallest when you

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<v Speaker 1>measure it from the sea floor, rising again at thirty

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<v Speaker 1>three thousand feet or ten kilometers. And if you want

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<v Speaker 1>to get really technical, the tallest mountain from the center

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<v Speaker 1>of the Earth is Mount Chimborazzo. This strato volcano in

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<v Speaker 1>Ecuador rises over two thousand, three hundred feet or seven

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<v Speaker 1>taller than Monakea. This is due to the Earth's centrical

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<v Speaker 1>bulge of the fact that the Earth is actually slightly

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<v Speaker 1>wider near the equator. Today's episode is based on the

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<v Speaker 1>article the tallest mountain in the Solar System is much

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<v Speaker 1>higher than Everest on House to Forks dot com, written

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<v Speaker 1>by Valerie Stymach. Brain Stuff is production of by Heart

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<v Speaker 1>Radio in partnership with House to fur dot com, and

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<v Speaker 1>it's produced by Tyler Clang. For more podcasts from my

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<v Speaker 1>heart Radio, visit the I heart Radio app, Apple Podcasts,

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<v Speaker 1>or wherever you listen to your favorite shows. H