1 00:00:10,800 --> 00:00:14,200 Speaker 1: The man leaned against a boulder, taking respite in the 2 00:00:14,240 --> 00:00:19,320 Speaker 1: wind's brief lull. His eyes were red, his lips cracked 3 00:00:19,360 --> 00:00:24,280 Speaker 1: and parched. Another squall of warm air thick with dust 4 00:00:24,600 --> 00:00:28,680 Speaker 1: hit him again. He ducked to shield his eyes and 5 00:00:28,880 --> 00:00:34,200 Speaker 1: cursed its constant rattling round his head. It was only wind, 6 00:00:34,640 --> 00:00:39,280 Speaker 1: but it was driving him to distraction. The man was 7 00:00:39,400 --> 00:00:45,440 Speaker 1: fifty three year old Episcopalian Bishop James Albert Pike. In 8 00:00:45,479 --> 00:00:49,519 Speaker 1: early September nineteen sixty nine, he and his twenty eight 9 00:00:49,640 --> 00:00:53,559 Speaker 1: year old wife Diane, ventured out into the Judean Desert 10 00:00:53,880 --> 00:00:57,080 Speaker 1: in the West Bank. They were looking for the place 11 00:00:57,120 --> 00:01:01,200 Speaker 1: where Jesus was supposedly tempted by by the Devil for 12 00:01:01,280 --> 00:01:05,360 Speaker 1: a book Pike was writing. Driving out of bethy Hem 13 00:01:05,360 --> 00:01:08,840 Speaker 1: one morning, they turned off the main road onto a 14 00:01:08,880 --> 00:01:13,759 Speaker 1: dirt track, believing they were heading north toward Jericho, but 15 00:01:13,800 --> 00:01:18,120 Speaker 1: the track was instead taking them further east toward the 16 00:01:18,160 --> 00:01:23,680 Speaker 1: Dead Sea, further into the desert. When they finally realized 17 00:01:23,680 --> 00:01:27,600 Speaker 1: their mistake, the couple attempted to turn the car around, 18 00:01:28,080 --> 00:01:31,560 Speaker 1: only for it to get stuck in a rut. After 19 00:01:31,600 --> 00:01:35,040 Speaker 1: an hour spent battling to free the vehicle with a 20 00:01:35,080 --> 00:01:39,800 Speaker 1: faulty carjack, they were forced to accept they were now stranded. 21 00:01:40,720 --> 00:01:43,760 Speaker 1: They'd already drunk the two cokes they took with them 22 00:01:43,800 --> 00:01:47,520 Speaker 1: that morning and had no other liquid. With the heat 23 00:01:47,600 --> 00:01:51,840 Speaker 1: steadily intensifying, their only option was to get walking in 24 00:01:51,920 --> 00:01:55,240 Speaker 1: the hope of finding help before it was too late. 25 00:01:56,760 --> 00:02:00,360 Speaker 1: Not used to the desert environment, the heat fell like 26 00:02:00,400 --> 00:02:03,440 Speaker 1: a great pressure that seemed to be pushing them down 27 00:02:03,680 --> 00:02:08,239 Speaker 1: into the dusty ground with each step, and without water, 28 00:02:08,760 --> 00:02:14,919 Speaker 1: they became rapidly dehydrated. After mercifully coming across a large, 29 00:02:15,160 --> 00:02:20,160 Speaker 1: overhanging rock, they stopped to get some pressure shade, but 30 00:02:20,280 --> 00:02:25,440 Speaker 1: James no longer had the strength to continue. Diane looked 31 00:02:25,480 --> 00:02:29,320 Speaker 1: out into the desert toward a shady looking canyon or 32 00:02:29,440 --> 00:02:33,240 Speaker 1: waddy in the distance, as a wind began to pick up, 33 00:02:33,840 --> 00:02:38,400 Speaker 1: sweeping sand into the air like a haze. She knew 34 00:02:38,440 --> 00:02:42,919 Speaker 1: then that she was their only hope. If she couldn't 35 00:02:42,960 --> 00:02:47,800 Speaker 1: find help before nightfall, they would most likely both die there, 36 00:02:48,280 --> 00:02:51,639 Speaker 1: and so she told her husband to sit tight, then 37 00:02:51,680 --> 00:02:57,640 Speaker 1: headed back out into the irrepressible heat. James watched Diane 38 00:02:58,000 --> 00:03:03,120 Speaker 1: until her silhouette disappeared into the horizon, then lay back 39 00:03:03,200 --> 00:03:08,720 Speaker 1: against the rock and fell asleep with exhaustion. You're listening 40 00:03:08,760 --> 00:03:21,919 Speaker 1: to Unexplained, and I'm Richard McLean Smith. Hours later, James 41 00:03:21,960 --> 00:03:24,720 Speaker 1: awoke to find the sun much lower in the sky, 42 00:03:25,480 --> 00:03:30,040 Speaker 1: but the wind still blowing incessantly, feathering grains of sand 43 00:03:30,400 --> 00:03:34,320 Speaker 1: over the desert floor towards him. As it tugged at 44 00:03:34,320 --> 00:03:38,040 Speaker 1: his shirt and blue dust in his eyes, it almost 45 00:03:38,120 --> 00:03:44,280 Speaker 1: felt like fluttering. Insistent fingers were scratching, even clawing at him. 46 00:03:45,000 --> 00:03:48,880 Speaker 1: He couldn't stand it any longer. Perhaps if he could 47 00:03:48,880 --> 00:03:52,480 Speaker 1: follow his wife into that shady waddy, he could get 48 00:03:52,520 --> 00:03:56,880 Speaker 1: out of the wind, find her footsteps, and walk to safety. 49 00:03:58,160 --> 00:04:01,360 Speaker 1: James staggered to his feet and made it a few 50 00:04:01,440 --> 00:04:04,720 Speaker 1: hundred yards into the waddy, where he found a large 51 00:04:05,080 --> 00:04:10,040 Speaker 1: shaded pool of water. He took long, desperate gulps of 52 00:04:10,120 --> 00:04:14,360 Speaker 1: the warm, silty liquid, then sat down again to rest. 53 00:04:15,560 --> 00:04:20,080 Speaker 1: But still the wind would not leave him alone. It 54 00:04:20,200 --> 00:04:24,719 Speaker 1: snaked through the canyon, tugging at his hair, ruffling his 55 00:04:24,920 --> 00:04:29,320 Speaker 1: damp cotton shirt. He knew in his head that the 56 00:04:29,440 --> 00:04:33,120 Speaker 1: safest thing was to stay put and wait for Diane. 57 00:04:33,880 --> 00:04:37,760 Speaker 1: He had shelter and water, but he just had to 58 00:04:37,800 --> 00:04:42,200 Speaker 1: get away from that wind with a renewed sense of 59 00:04:42,200 --> 00:04:46,240 Speaker 1: strength and purpose, he turned to face the wall of 60 00:04:46,279 --> 00:04:50,960 Speaker 1: the canyon. Finding a solid hole to grip, he pushed 61 00:04:51,040 --> 00:04:56,919 Speaker 1: up from the ground and began to climb elsewhere. Diane 62 00:04:56,960 --> 00:05:00,040 Speaker 1: had been stumbling across the stony desert for hour I 63 00:05:00,200 --> 00:05:05,080 Speaker 1: was barely managing to keep going in the encroaching darkness. 64 00:05:06,080 --> 00:05:09,120 Speaker 1: She later said that what prompted her to keep going 65 00:05:09,600 --> 00:05:12,120 Speaker 1: was that if her body were found on the way 66 00:05:12,160 --> 00:05:15,640 Speaker 1: to get help, at least people wouldn't think that the 67 00:05:15,720 --> 00:05:22,560 Speaker 1: couple had committed suicide. After ten strenuous hours, first scrambling 68 00:05:22,640 --> 00:05:25,880 Speaker 1: up the walls of the canyon, then stumbling along a 69 00:05:26,040 --> 00:05:31,520 Speaker 1: road under construction, relief washed over Diane when finally in 70 00:05:31,600 --> 00:05:35,039 Speaker 1: the distance she saw the camp of the laborers who 71 00:05:35,040 --> 00:05:39,080 Speaker 1: were building the road. As she staggered into the camp, 72 00:05:39,560 --> 00:05:42,560 Speaker 1: the men reached out to stop her from collapsing to 73 00:05:42,640 --> 00:05:46,160 Speaker 1: the ground. They sat her down and wrapped a blanket 74 00:05:46,240 --> 00:05:49,400 Speaker 1: around her while they waited for their foreman to arrive. 75 00:05:50,800 --> 00:05:54,800 Speaker 1: Having recovered somewhat, Diane was then taken to the nearest 76 00:05:54,960 --> 00:05:58,280 Speaker 1: army camp, where she asked the camp's captain to help 77 00:05:58,320 --> 00:06:01,960 Speaker 1: her rescue her husband, but with it now long in 78 00:06:02,040 --> 00:06:05,560 Speaker 1: the night, there was little the captain could do. The 79 00:06:05,640 --> 00:06:12,880 Speaker 1: search for James would have to wait until the next day. 80 00:06:19,960 --> 00:06:23,960 Speaker 1: It wasn't long before the Pike's abandoned car was located 81 00:06:24,120 --> 00:06:27,839 Speaker 1: just at the beginning of a waddy called Mura Barat. 82 00:06:28,480 --> 00:06:30,600 Speaker 1: A few of the men helped pull it out of 83 00:06:30,720 --> 00:06:34,960 Speaker 1: the rut in no time. The engine still worked perfectly, 84 00:06:35,920 --> 00:06:40,720 Speaker 1: but there was no sign of James. James Pike had 85 00:06:40,800 --> 00:06:45,000 Speaker 1: risen to prominence within the Episcopal Church in large part 86 00:06:45,200 --> 00:06:49,440 Speaker 1: due to his outspoken liberal views, which were both fated 87 00:06:49,480 --> 00:06:54,040 Speaker 1: and hated in equal measure. In nineteen fifty eight, Pike 88 00:06:54,200 --> 00:06:58,120 Speaker 1: was appointed as the fifth Bishop of California, in which 89 00:06:58,200 --> 00:07:02,120 Speaker 1: capacity he was an early promoter of the acceptance of 90 00:07:02,360 --> 00:07:07,680 Speaker 1: LGBT people into the church, civil rights, and the ordination 91 00:07:07,839 --> 00:07:13,160 Speaker 1: of women into the priesthood. By nineteen sixty six, Pike 92 00:07:13,240 --> 00:07:16,320 Speaker 1: had grown tired of all the politics that came with 93 00:07:16,440 --> 00:07:21,280 Speaker 1: his position. He left California and went to share a 94 00:07:21,320 --> 00:07:26,040 Speaker 1: period of sabbatical study at Cambridge University in England with 95 00:07:26,160 --> 00:07:30,760 Speaker 1: his son, Jim, one of four children from his second marriage. 96 00:07:31,600 --> 00:07:35,880 Speaker 1: In early February, Jim left his father in Cambridge and 97 00:07:36,080 --> 00:07:40,600 Speaker 1: returned to the US. A few days later, he fatally 98 00:07:40,720 --> 00:07:43,680 Speaker 1: shot himself in the head in a New York City 99 00:07:43,760 --> 00:07:49,240 Speaker 1: hotel room just over two weeks later. Having just returned 100 00:07:49,280 --> 00:07:53,840 Speaker 1: to Cambridge from attending his son's funeral, James walked into 101 00:07:53,880 --> 00:07:56,760 Speaker 1: the bedroom of the apartment he and his son had 102 00:07:56,800 --> 00:08:00,880 Speaker 1: shared to find two postcards that he'd never seen before 103 00:08:01,480 --> 00:08:04,840 Speaker 1: lying on the floor. They were positioned at an angle 104 00:08:04,920 --> 00:08:09,720 Speaker 1: of approximately one hundred and forty degrees, apparently mimicking the 105 00:08:09,760 --> 00:08:13,600 Speaker 1: hands of a clock, showing the precise time that his 106 00:08:13,800 --> 00:08:17,840 Speaker 1: son had killed himself. It was just the first in 107 00:08:17,880 --> 00:08:21,920 Speaker 1: a number of bizarre occurrences that led James to believe 108 00:08:22,000 --> 00:08:26,000 Speaker 1: his son was trying to communicate with him from beyond 109 00:08:26,080 --> 00:08:31,720 Speaker 1: the grave. In response, Pike dived deeply into a very 110 00:08:31,720 --> 00:08:37,480 Speaker 1: public pursuit of various spiritualist and clairvoyant methods. He even 111 00:08:37,559 --> 00:08:42,360 Speaker 1: participated in a televised seance supposedly with his dead son 112 00:08:42,920 --> 00:08:47,600 Speaker 1: through the so called medium Arthur Ford in nineteen sixty six. 113 00:08:48,800 --> 00:08:53,280 Speaker 1: By nineteen sixty seven, Pike had been divorced twice and 114 00:08:53,440 --> 00:08:57,120 Speaker 1: was living with his then girlfriend Marion Bergrad, when she 115 00:08:57,280 --> 00:09:03,280 Speaker 1: also committed suicide. The following year, he married Diane Kennedy, 116 00:09:03,520 --> 00:09:07,120 Speaker 1: whom he'd collaborated with on his book The Other Side, 117 00:09:07,600 --> 00:09:12,479 Speaker 1: in which he outlined his experiences with supposed paranormal phenomena 118 00:09:12,840 --> 00:09:18,800 Speaker 1: following his son's suicide. The marriage was controversial among members 119 00:09:18,840 --> 00:09:22,880 Speaker 1: of Pike's church, and three days after the wedding, Pike 120 00:09:23,120 --> 00:09:27,960 Speaker 1: was barred from performing all priestly functions, and so it 121 00:09:28,200 --> 00:09:32,439 Speaker 1: was with Pike free to pursue new projects, that in 122 00:09:32,480 --> 00:09:37,480 Speaker 1: August nineteen sixty nine, Pike and Diane traveled to Israel 123 00:09:38,040 --> 00:09:41,480 Speaker 1: to conduct research for a new book Pike wanted to 124 00:09:41,520 --> 00:09:46,800 Speaker 1: write about the historical Jesus. A few days later, they 125 00:09:46,840 --> 00:09:57,720 Speaker 1: made their fateful trip into the desert. For three days, 126 00:09:58,080 --> 00:10:03,079 Speaker 1: with temperatures reaching a above one hundred degrees fahrenheit, hundreds 127 00:10:03,120 --> 00:10:07,000 Speaker 1: of off duty soldiers searched high and low for James, 128 00:10:07,400 --> 00:10:11,520 Speaker 1: but found no sign of him. With little chance that 129 00:10:11,600 --> 00:10:14,800 Speaker 1: the bishop could survive that long out in the desert, 130 00:10:15,240 --> 00:10:18,600 Speaker 1: the official search was called off, while a number of 131 00:10:18,600 --> 00:10:23,600 Speaker 1: Bedouin and former army scouts continued to look for him. 132 00:10:23,920 --> 00:10:27,040 Speaker 1: At the end of that third day, Diane gave a 133 00:10:27,080 --> 00:10:32,160 Speaker 1: press conference to update the media on the situation. Shortly after, 134 00:10:32,720 --> 00:10:35,800 Speaker 1: she received a phone call from her family in the States. 135 00:10:36,600 --> 00:10:41,200 Speaker 1: They'd received word from Arthur Ford, the self described medium 136 00:10:41,480 --> 00:10:46,720 Speaker 1: who'd apparently helped Pike contact his dead son. Ford said 137 00:10:46,760 --> 00:10:50,720 Speaker 1: that Pike was still very much alive and sheltering in 138 00:10:50,760 --> 00:10:54,240 Speaker 1: a cave close to where Diane had last seen him, 139 00:10:54,600 --> 00:10:58,360 Speaker 1: but he was sick and in need of urgent medical attention. 140 00:10:59,559 --> 00:11:05,000 Speaker 1: After that, Diane was suddenly inundated by numerous self described 141 00:11:05,080 --> 00:11:10,240 Speaker 1: mediums offering to help locate her husband in Tel Aviv. 142 00:11:10,760 --> 00:11:15,400 Speaker 1: One so called medium swung a pendulum over a large map, 143 00:11:15,880 --> 00:11:19,280 Speaker 1: then recorded the position on the map where it stopped. 144 00:11:19,920 --> 00:11:25,160 Speaker 1: When they repeated the pendulum swing over a different map, miraculously, 145 00:11:25,800 --> 00:11:30,440 Speaker 1: it stopped at the precise same location. Two men were 146 00:11:30,440 --> 00:11:34,840 Speaker 1: despatched from Tel Aviv immediately to locate the spot, but 147 00:11:34,960 --> 00:11:38,679 Speaker 1: when they got there, the place was deserted, with no 148 00:11:38,760 --> 00:11:43,240 Speaker 1: sign of Pike having ever been there. The following day, 149 00:11:43,880 --> 00:11:48,040 Speaker 1: the same medium attempted a spot of automatic writing to 150 00:11:48,080 --> 00:11:51,840 Speaker 1: see if that might help. Holding a pen over a 151 00:11:51,880 --> 00:11:56,320 Speaker 1: piece of paper, they fell seemingly into a trance as 152 00:11:56,360 --> 00:12:00,200 Speaker 1: another spirit entered their body and began to move their 153 00:12:00,280 --> 00:12:04,880 Speaker 1: hand across the paper. Snapping out of the apparent trance 154 00:12:05,000 --> 00:12:09,560 Speaker 1: moments later, the medium consulted the paper on which a 155 00:12:09,679 --> 00:12:14,679 Speaker 1: message was now written. It had supposedly come from infamous 156 00:12:14,920 --> 00:12:20,120 Speaker 1: apparent psychic Edgar Case, who died almost twenty years earlier. 157 00:12:20,920 --> 00:12:25,840 Speaker 1: The message declared that Pike was lying unconscious and close 158 00:12:25,880 --> 00:12:29,280 Speaker 1: to death in a cave on a narrow ridge that 159 00:12:29,520 --> 00:12:34,480 Speaker 1: was hidden by shrubs. A team of volunteers raced back 160 00:12:34,520 --> 00:12:37,960 Speaker 1: out to the desert and searched for the cave to 161 00:12:38,120 --> 00:12:43,839 Speaker 1: no avail. On September fifth, five days after Pike had 162 00:12:43,920 --> 00:12:49,720 Speaker 1: last been seen alive, a search volunteer close to Wadi Murabarat, 163 00:12:50,040 --> 00:12:54,640 Speaker 1: came across a map, then a pair of undershorts, followed 164 00:12:54,640 --> 00:12:59,560 Speaker 1: by some glasses and later a contact lens case. It 165 00:12:59,600 --> 00:13:02,560 Speaker 1: was a part that had been laid out by Pike, 166 00:13:03,360 --> 00:13:07,719 Speaker 1: and at the end of it, part way down Wadi Murabarat, 167 00:13:08,360 --> 00:13:12,080 Speaker 1: was Pike's body, sprawled out on the floor at the 168 00:13:12,120 --> 00:13:17,040 Speaker 1: bottom of a steep face. It appeared that he'd fallen 169 00:13:17,120 --> 00:13:20,920 Speaker 1: from high up, having attempted to climb out of the canyon. 170 00:13:22,280 --> 00:13:25,920 Speaker 1: The next day, he was buried in Saint Peter's Protestant 171 00:13:25,960 --> 00:13:30,520 Speaker 1: Cemetery in Jaffa, Israel, and it wasn't long before the 172 00:13:30,640 --> 00:13:35,640 Speaker 1: rumors began that something weird had happened to Pike while 173 00:13:35,679 --> 00:13:38,640 Speaker 1: he was out in the desert that it wasn't the 174 00:13:38,679 --> 00:13:42,000 Speaker 1: fall that killed him, but rather he'd been driven to 175 00:13:42,040 --> 00:13:46,240 Speaker 1: his death by a weird kind of madness brought on 176 00:13:46,520 --> 00:13:57,000 Speaker 1: by the wind. The wind that James and Diane Pike 177 00:13:57,200 --> 00:14:01,760 Speaker 1: experienced on their desert misadventure is known in Israel as 178 00:14:01,760 --> 00:14:07,000 Speaker 1: the Sharav and more widely across the Mediterranean as the Soroco. 179 00:14:07,480 --> 00:14:10,160 Speaker 1: It's a wind that brings warm air from the Sahara 180 00:14:10,520 --> 00:14:15,800 Speaker 1: and the Arabian Peninsula, with many names, the Levante in 181 00:14:15,960 --> 00:14:20,800 Speaker 1: Spain or the Camscene in Egypt. Its characterized by a 182 00:14:20,880 --> 00:14:26,800 Speaker 1: temperature roughly twenty five degrees fahrenheit higher than the seasonal average, 183 00:14:27,440 --> 00:14:31,640 Speaker 1: and south of the Mediterranean, the Sorocco is always dry, 184 00:14:32,240 --> 00:14:37,640 Speaker 1: with a relative humidity sometimes falling to zero. Some believe 185 00:14:37,760 --> 00:14:42,880 Speaker 1: these two characteristics do something fundamental to the wind's electrical 186 00:14:42,920 --> 00:14:47,600 Speaker 1: properties and to anybody unfortunate enough to be caught in 187 00:14:47,640 --> 00:14:53,200 Speaker 1: its grip. One researcher at the Hebrew University in Jerusalem 188 00:14:53,520 --> 00:14:57,920 Speaker 1: found that almost one third of Israel's population experience some 189 00:14:58,120 --> 00:15:02,920 Speaker 1: kind of adverse reaction, and the Charaf blows forty three 190 00:15:03,040 --> 00:15:08,120 Speaker 1: percent of the people he tested experienced unusually high concentrations 191 00:15:08,160 --> 00:15:12,000 Speaker 1: of the hormone serotonin in their blood system when the 192 00:15:12,040 --> 00:15:18,400 Speaker 1: wind was blowing. Serotonin causes the constriction of peripheral blood vessels, 193 00:15:18,920 --> 00:15:22,520 Speaker 1: including those in the brain and ones that control sleep. 194 00:15:23,400 --> 00:15:28,440 Speaker 1: In modest concentrations, it's a natural tranquilizer, but too much 195 00:15:28,520 --> 00:15:38,240 Speaker 1: serotonin produces migraines, allergic reactions, flushes, palpitations, irritability, and sleeplessness. 196 00:15:39,800 --> 00:15:43,720 Speaker 1: That people might be driven to distraction, even madness by 197 00:15:43,760 --> 00:15:47,280 Speaker 1: the wind is not a new theory or specific to 198 00:15:47,360 --> 00:15:51,480 Speaker 1: any one part of the world. The Greek physician from 199 00:15:51,560 --> 00:15:56,680 Speaker 1: the fourth century BCE, Hippocrates, was convinced that certain winds 200 00:15:56,800 --> 00:16:00,760 Speaker 1: made people in ancient Greece sick. He wrote that the 201 00:16:00,800 --> 00:16:04,600 Speaker 1: west winds were worse and that people exposed to them 202 00:16:05,040 --> 00:16:09,960 Speaker 1: became pale and sickly, with digestive organs that were quote 203 00:16:10,400 --> 00:16:14,480 Speaker 1: frequently deranged from the phlegm that runs down into them 204 00:16:14,720 --> 00:16:20,200 Speaker 1: from the head. The French Enlightenment writer, philosopher and historian 205 00:16:20,440 --> 00:16:24,600 Speaker 1: Voltaire spent time in England while in exile from its 206 00:16:24,680 --> 00:16:29,040 Speaker 1: native France during the seventeen twenties. He wrote that in London, 207 00:16:29,400 --> 00:16:33,680 Speaker 1: when the east wind blew. A black melancholy spreads over 208 00:16:33,760 --> 00:16:37,760 Speaker 1: the whole nation. Even the animals suffer from it and 209 00:16:37,880 --> 00:16:42,240 Speaker 1: have a dejected air. Men strong enough to preserve their 210 00:16:42,320 --> 00:16:47,280 Speaker 1: health in this accursed wind lose their good humor. Everyone 211 00:16:47,520 --> 00:16:52,120 Speaker 1: wears a grim expression and is inclined to make desperate decisions. 212 00:16:53,160 --> 00:16:55,720 Speaker 1: Even claimed that it was under the influence of the 213 00:16:55,760 --> 00:16:59,640 Speaker 1: East wind that the English beheaded King Charles the First 214 00:17:00,160 --> 00:17:04,760 Speaker 1: and opposed King James the Second. It hadn't crossed the 215 00:17:04,800 --> 00:17:08,200 Speaker 1: mind of travel writer Nick Hunt how the wind might 216 00:17:08,240 --> 00:17:11,119 Speaker 1: affect his state of mind and well being as he 217 00:17:11,200 --> 00:17:14,880 Speaker 1: set out in twenty sixteen on a walking adventure across 218 00:17:14,920 --> 00:17:19,879 Speaker 1: Europe to experience its various winds, a journey that became 219 00:17:19,960 --> 00:17:31,960 Speaker 1: the subject of his next book, Where the Wild Winds Are. 220 00:17:34,800 --> 00:17:38,080 Speaker 1: Things went as well as expected as Nick trekked across 221 00:17:38,119 --> 00:17:42,560 Speaker 1: the Low Pennine Hills of northern England, experiencing Britain's only 222 00:17:42,720 --> 00:17:47,480 Speaker 1: named wind, the Helm. He continued to enjoy his wonderings 223 00:17:47,560 --> 00:17:51,679 Speaker 1: as he traveled to Trieste, from where he sauntered across Slovenia, 224 00:17:52,359 --> 00:17:56,359 Speaker 1: then down the coast of Croatia, enjoying chile blasts at 225 00:17:56,400 --> 00:17:59,879 Speaker 1: the borer a frigid blast of air that blows across 226 00:17:59,920 --> 00:18:04,800 Speaker 1: the Adriatic coast from snow covered mountains to its northeast. 227 00:18:05,400 --> 00:18:10,639 Speaker 1: Then Nick arrived in Switzerland looking forward to sampling the fern, 228 00:18:11,359 --> 00:18:14,840 Speaker 1: a warm, dry wind that blows down from the Alps 229 00:18:14,880 --> 00:18:18,960 Speaker 1: in spring and at its most intense as the power 230 00:18:19,040 --> 00:18:24,040 Speaker 1: to bring down cable cars and derailed trains. Having mentioned 231 00:18:24,040 --> 00:18:28,520 Speaker 1: his plans to a German friend, the person replied, Ah, yes, 232 00:18:29,160 --> 00:18:34,880 Speaker 1: the fern. That's why everyone in Bavaria is crazy. Famed 233 00:18:34,920 --> 00:18:39,080 Speaker 1: novelist Hermann Hess had even written about the fern as 234 00:18:39,119 --> 00:18:42,680 Speaker 1: a boy. He said that he was afraid of even 235 00:18:42,800 --> 00:18:48,240 Speaker 1: hated that wind. Everything was going smoothly as Nick began 236 00:18:48,320 --> 00:18:52,359 Speaker 1: his traverse of alpine foothills in the German speaking part 237 00:18:52,440 --> 00:18:56,160 Speaker 1: of the country, until he reached the village of inert 238 00:18:56,240 --> 00:19:00,919 Speaker 1: Kirchen in the Canton of Bern, where the fern began 239 00:19:01,000 --> 00:19:04,720 Speaker 1: to blow. Are you sure you want to do this? 240 00:19:05,400 --> 00:19:09,080 Speaker 1: It's a bit a bit windy, shouted the owner of 241 00:19:09,119 --> 00:19:12,440 Speaker 1: a campsite where Nick had decided to pitch his tent 242 00:19:12,560 --> 00:19:17,320 Speaker 1: for the night. After repeated attempts wrestling with the writhing 243 00:19:17,680 --> 00:19:21,359 Speaker 1: giant nylon manta, ray that his tent had become. He 244 00:19:21,480 --> 00:19:25,000 Speaker 1: managed to peg it down under a lone peach tree 245 00:19:25,040 --> 00:19:30,080 Speaker 1: that thrashed wildly in the howling gale all night. Nick's 246 00:19:30,119 --> 00:19:33,840 Speaker 1: tent bucked and flapped, while the wind all around him 247 00:19:34,200 --> 00:19:38,479 Speaker 1: bellowed like a banshee. He wrote that at some point 248 00:19:38,760 --> 00:19:42,040 Speaker 1: in the next twelve hours it was as if something 249 00:19:42,080 --> 00:19:46,439 Speaker 1: in his brain snapped. He struggled for breath as he 250 00:19:46,520 --> 00:19:50,920 Speaker 1: packed his tent the following morning, then walked on watching 251 00:19:51,000 --> 00:19:55,920 Speaker 1: waterfalls being blown upwards. His limbs felt heavy and tired, 252 00:19:56,480 --> 00:20:00,639 Speaker 1: his mind seemed clouded and foggy, and he was overcome 253 00:20:01,119 --> 00:20:05,399 Speaker 1: with a sudden sense of despair. For three weeks, the 254 00:20:05,440 --> 00:20:11,080 Speaker 1: wind continued to howl, and Nick's mood worsened. Even boarding 255 00:20:11,119 --> 00:20:14,080 Speaker 1: a high speed train to the French speaking part of 256 00:20:14,119 --> 00:20:18,159 Speaker 1: the Swiss Alps didn't seem to help. As he watched 257 00:20:18,200 --> 00:20:23,840 Speaker 1: the landscape speed by, his anxiety grew. He found accommodation 258 00:20:24,080 --> 00:20:28,399 Speaker 1: with a hospitable Buddhist woman clothed in yellow robes, but 259 00:20:28,600 --> 00:20:33,400 Speaker 1: still couldn't seem to relax as he collapsed into bed. 260 00:20:33,760 --> 00:20:40,000 Speaker 1: He felt plagued by an inexplicable apprehension that, in his words, 261 00:20:40,040 --> 00:20:47,120 Speaker 1: something had gone extremely wrong on waking. The next morning, however, 262 00:20:47,960 --> 00:20:52,760 Speaker 1: Nick stepped outside to find that the fern had finally stopped. 263 00:20:53,520 --> 00:20:57,400 Speaker 1: He admired a blue sky peppered with cotton wool clouds, 264 00:20:57,760 --> 00:21:00,399 Speaker 1: and was charmed as he watched his host to feed 265 00:21:00,440 --> 00:21:05,120 Speaker 1: her rabbits. Then strolled contentedly down the street to buy 266 00:21:05,119 --> 00:21:10,320 Speaker 1: a croissant. Instead of looking desolate and forbidding, the surrounding 267 00:21:10,400 --> 00:21:16,080 Speaker 1: hillsides now seemed inviting. His dark mood had miraculously lifted. 268 00:21:16,960 --> 00:21:22,080 Speaker 1: Suddenly the world was full of possibilities. Nick continued his 269 00:21:22,200 --> 00:21:25,040 Speaker 1: hike down the valley with all the gloom from the 270 00:21:25,080 --> 00:21:37,280 Speaker 1: previous few days having completely evaporated. Over the centuries, there's 271 00:21:37,320 --> 00:21:41,160 Speaker 1: been general agreement that the wind can deeply influence our 272 00:21:41,160 --> 00:21:47,280 Speaker 1: bodies and mines. South African biologist and anthropologist Lyle Watson, 273 00:21:47,800 --> 00:21:52,320 Speaker 1: author of the best selling New Age classic SuperNature, published 274 00:21:52,320 --> 00:21:55,960 Speaker 1: in nineteen seventy three, spent his life trying to make 275 00:21:56,040 --> 00:22:01,119 Speaker 1: sense of natural and supernatural phenomena in biological terms. He 276 00:22:01,200 --> 00:22:04,080 Speaker 1: examined and wrote about the effects of the wind in 277 00:22:04,160 --> 00:22:08,320 Speaker 1: some detail in his nineteen eighty four book Heaven's Breath, 278 00:22:08,680 --> 00:22:12,480 Speaker 1: A Natural History of the Wind. In it, he wrote 279 00:22:12,560 --> 00:22:16,879 Speaker 1: that it's easy to imagine that in human prehistory, days 280 00:22:16,920 --> 00:22:20,440 Speaker 1: with a lot of wind were dangerous, with the ability 281 00:22:20,560 --> 00:22:25,719 Speaker 1: to destroy shelters, disperse warning scents, and mask the sound 282 00:22:25,800 --> 00:22:31,159 Speaker 1: of approaching predators. Lyle Watson suggested that the effect of 283 00:22:31,200 --> 00:22:34,159 Speaker 1: the wind on the human body is to invoke a 284 00:22:34,200 --> 00:22:40,320 Speaker 1: classic alarm reaction, increasing the production of adrenaline, speeding up metabolism, 285 00:22:40,760 --> 00:22:45,280 Speaker 1: dilating blood vessels in the muscles and heart, widening the pupils, 286 00:22:45,720 --> 00:22:48,919 Speaker 1: and even causing hares to stand on end with a 287 00:22:48,920 --> 00:22:54,680 Speaker 1: prickle of apprehension. A study documenting the effect of temperatures 288 00:22:54,720 --> 00:22:59,800 Speaker 1: on physical fitness tests found that performances reached their efficiency 289 00:23:00,640 --> 00:23:03,800 Speaker 1: when a wind blew on the subjects at about twenty 290 00:23:03,840 --> 00:23:08,480 Speaker 1: five kilometers per hour or four four Any higher or 291 00:23:08,520 --> 00:23:13,680 Speaker 1: lower and performances began to drop off. One American study 292 00:23:14,080 --> 00:23:17,600 Speaker 1: investigating how wind affects the behavior of children in the 293 00:23:17,600 --> 00:23:22,240 Speaker 1: playground found that when wind speeds rose above four six 294 00:23:22,760 --> 00:23:26,480 Speaker 1: or forty four kilometers per hour, the average number of 295 00:23:26,560 --> 00:23:31,639 Speaker 1: fights that broke out doubled. As Lyle says, there is 296 00:23:31,680 --> 00:23:36,040 Speaker 1: something about wind, quite apart from its cooling influence, that 297 00:23:36,160 --> 00:23:42,160 Speaker 1: directly affects our well being. Lyle hypothesized that the bodies 298 00:23:42,200 --> 00:23:45,959 Speaker 1: of sailors and fishers who live constantly under the strain 299 00:23:46,040 --> 00:23:50,640 Speaker 1: of the wind have adapted to the constant stimulus. Conversely, 300 00:23:51,119 --> 00:23:55,280 Speaker 1: many city dwellers have lost the ability to withstand it sufficiently, 301 00:23:55,800 --> 00:24:00,159 Speaker 1: leading to increased incidences of heart attacks and strokes on 302 00:24:00,240 --> 00:24:05,200 Speaker 1: windy days. One study revealed that fifty percent of all 303 00:24:05,280 --> 00:24:09,840 Speaker 1: strokes and myocardial infarctions happened when the wind was blowing 304 00:24:09,880 --> 00:24:14,320 Speaker 1: at fourse four or five. Strangely, when the wind speed 305 00:24:14,400 --> 00:24:19,720 Speaker 1: is higher, however, the effect is diminished. Reaction times can 306 00:24:19,800 --> 00:24:23,600 Speaker 1: also be effected, so much so that, according to Touring 307 00:24:23,680 --> 00:24:29,080 Speaker 1: Clubs SUE, a nonprofit representing the interests of motorists in Switzerland, 308 00:24:29,600 --> 00:24:34,440 Speaker 1: in nineteen seventy two, traffic accidents in Geneva increased by 309 00:24:34,480 --> 00:24:39,920 Speaker 1: over fifty percent when the fern wind was in effect. Furthermore, 310 00:24:40,440 --> 00:24:45,440 Speaker 1: as lyell wrights. In nineteen seventy six, the medical department 311 00:24:45,600 --> 00:24:49,359 Speaker 1: of the West German Weather Station in Freiburg published the 312 00:24:49,400 --> 00:24:53,680 Speaker 1: results of a four year study proving that industrial accidents 313 00:24:53,920 --> 00:24:58,600 Speaker 1: during the fern wind required surgery sixteen percent more often 314 00:24:59,240 --> 00:25:03,680 Speaker 1: and other medical treatment twenty percent more frequently than at 315 00:25:03,720 --> 00:25:10,800 Speaker 1: any other time. Increases in hypotension, coronary crises, migraine, and 316 00:25:10,920 --> 00:25:15,159 Speaker 1: psychic disturbances both during and on the day preceding a 317 00:25:15,280 --> 00:25:21,639 Speaker 1: fern wind were also reported Lyle continues, the incidence of 318 00:25:21,760 --> 00:25:26,360 Speaker 1: post operative death due to both heavy bleeding and thrombosis 319 00:25:26,560 --> 00:25:30,320 Speaker 1: during a fern wind has become so high that in 320 00:25:30,359 --> 00:25:35,560 Speaker 1: some hospitals in Switzerland and Bavaria, major surgery is postponed 321 00:25:35,680 --> 00:25:41,640 Speaker 1: whenever possible until the wind has passed, and, like something 322 00:25:41,720 --> 00:25:46,359 Speaker 1: out of an Mnite Shamalan movie, even suicides and suicide 323 00:25:46,400 --> 00:25:51,960 Speaker 1: attempts sore to epidemic proportions throughout Switzerland and into Austria 324 00:25:52,480 --> 00:25:56,919 Speaker 1: whenever the Witch's wind, as the fern is sometimes called 325 00:25:57,840 --> 00:26:07,080 Speaker 1: touches ground. This episode was written by Dianehope and Richard 326 00:26:07,119 --> 00:26:12,600 Speaker 1: McClain smith Unexplained as an av Club Productions podcast created 327 00:26:12,640 --> 00:26:16,280 Speaker 1: by Richard McClain smith. All other elements of the podcast, 328 00:26:16,400 --> 00:26:20,080 Speaker 1: including the music, are also produced by me Richard McClain 329 00:26:20,160 --> 00:26:25,080 Speaker 1: Smith Unexplained. The book and audiobook, with stories never before 330 00:26:25,119 --> 00:26:28,679 Speaker 1: featured on the show, is now available to buy worldwide. 331 00:26:29,040 --> 00:26:32,960 Speaker 1: You can purchase from Amazon, Barnes and Noble, Waterstones, and 332 00:26:33,040 --> 00:26:37,400 Speaker 1: other bookstores. 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